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Morgan Freeman: My home
is here in Mississippi.
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I've lived in
many other places.
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New York, la,
San Francisco, Chicago,
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but this place defines me.
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June-bug.
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Got him when he was four
and a half months old,
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undernourished,
but he had attitude.
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Got a great walking gait.
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It's the smell of
grass in the spring,
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the sound of birds.
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I just know I'm home.
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My parents lived
right here on this land and
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you can't understand me
without understanding where
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I was created.
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Every religion has
a creation story,
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so, what do those stories
tell us about who we are and
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where we came from?
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I'm setting out to
discover where we began...
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Jodi magness: Jerusalem
is conceived of as Eden,
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as paradise.
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Morgan Freeman: To unearth
civilization's oldest roots...
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Man: This is the Mayan part.
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Richard Hansen: This is
the Maya Genesis story.
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Morgan Freeman: To locate the
Genesis of religion itself...
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Amy bogaard: People are
literally living with ancestors.
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Morgan Freeman: And I'll go
back to the dawn of time...
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Benda paranjape: Hindus do
not believe in one creation.
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They say that these
are cycles of creation.
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Morgan Freeman: To discover
if science and religion,
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can co-exist.
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Monsignor sorondo: The big
bang is not creation because
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we don't know what
was before the big bang.
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Morgan Freeman: There are
billions of us on this planet.
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It's hard to believe
we all came from one man
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E
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but we did.
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Who were they?
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When and where did they live?
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Jewish, Christian and
Muslim traditions trace us
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all back to Adam and Eve.
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The book of Genesis
says they came from a
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place called Eden,
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near the tigris and
euphrates rivers somewhere
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in the ancient near east.
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No-one has yet found the
location of the garden of Eden,
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though many have tried,
but why do we want to find it?
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Well, the reason
is interesting.
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The garden of Eden doesn't
just represent the beginning
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of humanity, it is the
beginning of our conversation
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with god and finding out
when and where that took place
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would tell us an awful
lot about who we are.
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So I'm off to Jerusalem.
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This is one of the
oldest cities in the world.
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There's evidence of people
living around here for more
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than 7,000 years.
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Today, it's the religious
center of the Jewish world.
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It was around here that
Genesis was first written down,
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about 2,500 years ago.
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Archaeologist Jodi magness is
taking me to the church of the
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holy sepulcher, where
there is a little known link
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to the garden of Eden.
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So this is it, this is the
church of the holy sepulcher.
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Many christians believe
this is the site where Jesus
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was crucified and buried,
but another ancient tradition
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says it's also the
burial place of Adam.
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Jodi magness: The area
that we're walking into here
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is underneath the
rock of golgotha,
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which is the rocky outcrop
on which christians believe
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Jesus was crucified.
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And this is called
the chapel of Adam.
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There's a tradition which
goes way back in christianity
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which connects this
spot to Adam, the first man.
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When Jesus was crucified on
top of the rock above us...
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Morgan Freeman:
Mm-hmm, yeah?
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Jodi magness: His blood
flowed down through a crack in
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the rock and Adam,
the first man,
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lay buried underneath and when
Jesus' blood flowed onto Adam,
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Adam was then resurrected.
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Morgan Freeman:
Almost 1,700 years ago,
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when Roman emperor
constantine built the church,
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he also made a shrine
around this crack in the
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rock of golgotha,
the chapel of Adam.
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But doesn't this contradict
that section of the Bible that
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says that the garden of
Eden was located somewhere
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near the euphrates and the...
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Jodi magness: Tigris.
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Morgan Freeman: Tigris?
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Jodi magness: Well, the
version of the story that
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ended up in the book of
Genesis seems to place the
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garden of Eden
somewhere in mesopotamia,
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which is the area
of modern Iraq.
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Morgan Freeman: But
how do think tradition...
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Jodi magness: Mm-hmm.
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Morgan Freeman: Of Adam
gets to be here in Jerusalem?
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Jodi magness: Well, i
think Adam probably does have
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a very special
connection with Jerusalem.
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The garden of Eden,
or paradise,
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becomes conceptualized as
the spot where the presence
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of god dwells.
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In early judaism,
in the time of Jesus,
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the presence of god
dwelled in the temple,
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on the temple mount, and
hence Jerusalem was conceived
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of as Eden, as paradise.
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Morgan Freeman: So you
are saying Eden could also
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be a metaphor?
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Jodi magness: Right,
well, yes, of course,
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Adam was the first human
and in Hebrew the word Adam,
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Adam just means man.
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Morgan Freeman:
Hold up, hold up.
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You just said something
now, the word just means man.
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Jodi magness: Yes.
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Morgan Freeman: Adam...
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Jodi magness: Yes,
also, the name Adam,
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if you take off the
a and you just leave d-a-m,
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in Hebrew, dam,
that means blood.
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Or if you add
an a-h to the end,
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adamah, means land.
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Morgan Freeman:
Land itself into blood.
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Jodi magness: Yep.
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Morgan Freeman:
Ok, all right.
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Could the story of Adam
and Eve's expulsion from the
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garden also have
metaphorical meanings?
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Adam and Eve lived
in a land of plenty,
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but when they ate the
fruit of the forbidden tree,
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they were cast out and
forced to work the land.
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In other words, they
became the first farmers.
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I'm heading to a region
where researchers are digging
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up some of humanity's
oldest farming communities,
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in central Turkey.
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I'm interested in finding
out if the birth of farming
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and the birth of belief
in god are connected.
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Could this have been Eden?
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Amy?
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Amy bogaard:
Hello, come on over.
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Morgan Freeman: Archaeologist
Amy bogaard has been digging
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with a team here at
chatalhöyük for two decades.
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Amy bogaard: Welcome.
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Morgan Freeman: Thank you.
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So, chatalhöyük,
9,000 year old settlement.
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9,000 years old.
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Amy bogaard:
Amazing, isn't it?
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So at its maximum extent,
it's 13 hectares.
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That would be like
20 football pitches,
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Morgan Freeman: Ok.
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Amy bogaard: In extent.
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Morgan Freeman: Mm-hmm,
right, NFL football pitches
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or soccer pitches?
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Amy bogaard: I don't know,
probably soccer.
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Morgan Freeman: Ok, but
they're all pretty much
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the same size.
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Amy bogaard: Yeah, you
can see that these houses are
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densely crowded together.
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There isn't much
space between them.
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Morgan Freeman: There
is no space between them.
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Amy bogaard: Yeah.
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Morgan Freeman: They
had no windows or doors.
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Amy bogaard: Every
house would have its own
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entrance from above.
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Morgan Freeman: It would?
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Amy bogaard: Yes.
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Morgan Freeman: Chatalhöyük
was a city with no streets.
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The people who lived
here walked across town
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over the rooftops.
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Roofs were also
where they worked.
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The people of chatalhöyük
were some of the world's
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first city dwellers,
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but I want to know
whether they were also some
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of the first believers.
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Did they think their
world was created by a god?
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Amy takes me to a house
that may hold the answers.
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What's the point of that,
red rimmed hole that looks
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like a very definite,
has a definite reason?
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Amy bogaard: It's a
typical sort of feature
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that's found at chatal
which is a niche for hiding
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things away, like the
cash obsidian, you know,
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volcanic glass, 'cause
it's a valued, you know,
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cutting material.
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Morgan Freeman: You actually
don't find it everywhere.
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Amy bogaard: Right.
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Morgan Freeman: The most
important hiding places
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archaeologists have
found at chatalhöyük are
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beneath the sleeping areas.
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Ok, so what are
those holes up there?
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Amy bogaard: Those are
actually burial places,
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those are
burial pits, where...
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Morgan Freeman: Wait a minute,
wait a minute, wait.
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A human being is not
gonna fit in there.
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A baby, maybe.
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Amy bogaard: The way they
can fit mature adults in pits
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like that is to bind them
up very, very, very tightly
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in a flexed position and
the holes are periodically
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reopened and new individuals
added through the lifetime
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of the house.
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Morgan Freeman: Wow.
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Amy bogaard: People are
buried under the platforms
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so that people are literally
living with ancestors.
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Morgan Freeman: It
sounds like this has
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some religious content.
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Amy bogaard: I
think you're right,
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and they start to raise
questions about what you might
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call ritual practice, which
seemed to have been crucial
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for life in this community.
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Morgan Freeman: Could
these burials be evidence
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of belief in god?
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Anthropologist Harvey
whitehouse is trying to get
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inside the heads of
these early city dwellers.
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Harvey whitehouse: So this
is a pretty authentic mock-up
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of what a typical kind
of house in chatalhöyük
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would have looked like.
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These are the kinds of
objects that we'd expect to
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find in one
of those houses.
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Over here, we've got
examples of wall art.
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You know, here
we've got bull heads.
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We often find these
inserted into the walls.
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In one case, I've seen them
arranged almost like a sort of
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protective shield around
one of these clean spaces;
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and we know that these
clean spaces were used
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for sleeping on.
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Morgan Freeman: So, Harvey,
you're an anthropologist...
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Harvey whitehouse: Mm-hmm.
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Morgan Freeman: So you're
more into what people are
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mentally into, right?
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Harvey whitehouse: Well,
my imagination runs riot
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in an environment like
this because I've seen the
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kind of stuff that
comes out of the walls and
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that they've been
taking out of the floors.
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We know that there were
very interesting rituals
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surrounding the
burial of human remains,
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but those objects
would be periodically in
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many cases brought out.
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What they were
doing with them,
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we don't really know,
but in many cases they were
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put back very
carefully and replaced.
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It's almost as if this isn't
just a domestic dwelling,
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this is like a kind
of living temple.
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Morgan Freeman: You
used that word, temple.
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Harvey whitehouse: Temple.
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Well, what is a temple,
you know, if not a sort of,
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an environment in
which the ritual life of a
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community is conducted?
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And I think that's what is
going on in these houses.
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Morgan Freeman:
Here in chatalhöyük,
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there were obviously
all kinds of rituals,
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particularly burial rituals,
but no sign of an organized
245
00:12:48,767 --> 00:12:53,366
religion, so the question
remains unanswered for me.
246
00:12:53,367 --> 00:12:59,633
Did religion allow
man to live together,
247
00:12:59,634 --> 00:13:03,567
grow food?
248
00:13:04,433 --> 00:13:10,767
Or did civilization give
rise to our belief in god?
249
00:13:10,966 --> 00:13:15,232
While in chatalhöyük, i
heard about another excavation
250
00:13:15,233 --> 00:13:18,166
just a few hundred miles
to the east that may hold
251
00:13:18,167 --> 00:13:20,166
the answer for me.
252
00:13:20,167 --> 00:13:23,633
It's an 11,000 year old site
that lies between the tigris
253
00:13:23,634 --> 00:13:29,466
and euphrates rivers, the
biblical location of Eden.
254
00:13:29,467 --> 00:13:31,432
Harvey whitehouse: Ok,
we're now in enclosure d,
255
00:13:31,433 --> 00:13:34,533
the best preserved of the
enclosures that we have here,
256
00:13:34,534 --> 00:13:37,266
so we've had radiocarbon
data and they've come back
257
00:13:37,267 --> 00:13:41,533
as 9,400 bc,
plus or minus.
258
00:13:41,534 --> 00:13:45,232
Morgan Freeman: It's called
göbekli tepe and here I may
259
00:13:45,233 --> 00:13:48,232
find evidence of the
very first moments humans
260
00:13:48,233 --> 00:13:52,133
worshipped the divine.
261
00:13:52,534 --> 00:13:56,932
Stone age architects
built 20 monumental sectors
262
00:13:56,933 --> 00:14:01,066
here made from
large t-shaped pillars.
263
00:14:02,033 --> 00:14:05,199
Archeologist Lee Clare
leads the team trying
264
00:14:05,200 --> 00:14:07,733
to decipher its mysteries.
265
00:14:07,734 --> 00:14:10,065
Lee Clare: The two central
pillars stand in the middle of
266
00:14:10,066 --> 00:14:13,832
a round oval building and
the wall surrounding it,
267
00:14:13,833 --> 00:14:16,899
at regular intervals we
see smaller t pillars.
268
00:14:16,900 --> 00:14:18,733
Morgan Freeman:
Fearsome animals were carved
269
00:14:18,734 --> 00:14:20,899
into some of the pillars,
270
00:14:20,900 --> 00:14:25,666
but the stones' t shapes
may represent the human form.
271
00:14:25,667 --> 00:14:29,832
They could be men or
they could be gods.
272
00:14:29,833 --> 00:14:31,899
Lee Clare: If you look
closely around the top,
273
00:14:31,900 --> 00:14:34,865
the t is the head and
then we have on the side,
274
00:14:34,866 --> 00:14:36,899
the broad side,
the arm coming down.
275
00:14:36,900 --> 00:14:38,633
You can see a
belt buckle here.
276
00:14:38,634 --> 00:14:40,599
They could be
mythological ancestors.
277
00:14:40,600 --> 00:14:43,999
Alternatively, they could
be really the first deities,
278
00:14:44,000 --> 00:14:46,366
first gods, that
these people were possibly
279
00:14:46,367 --> 00:14:49,099
worshipping in this
circular structure.
280
00:14:49,100 --> 00:14:52,065
Morgan Freeman: Lee and
most archaeologists believe
281
00:14:52,066 --> 00:14:55,399
these stone circles
were used for rituals,
282
00:14:55,400 --> 00:14:58,965
but no-one appears to
have actually lived here.
283
00:14:58,966 --> 00:15:02,799
The people of göbekli tepe
were roaming hunter gatherers,
284
00:15:02,800 --> 00:15:06,099
not settled farmers, so why
did they build a permanent
285
00:15:06,100 --> 00:15:09,232
place to worship
tied to one spot?
286
00:15:09,233 --> 00:15:11,399
Lee Clare: It's one of the
main questions we ask our self
287
00:15:11,400 --> 00:15:13,599
at this site, so
why did they come?
288
00:15:13,600 --> 00:15:16,633
Now, the thing is, at this
time the communities were
289
00:15:16,634 --> 00:15:19,599
growing larger and larger
and there was more stress on
290
00:15:19,600 --> 00:15:21,799
the local resources
and because communities
291
00:15:21,800 --> 00:15:26,467
were growing, there was
obviously a risk of conflict.
292
00:15:27,000 --> 00:15:29,633
People have problems keeping
track of relationships,
293
00:15:29,634 --> 00:15:32,132
keeping track of networks.
294
00:15:32,133 --> 00:15:34,566
Morgan Freeman: The growing
population meant that people
295
00:15:34,567 --> 00:15:37,266
who scarcely knew each
other had to work together.
296
00:15:37,267 --> 00:15:41,299
That was a
recipe for conflict.
297
00:15:41,300 --> 00:15:45,734
[Grunting and thuds]
298
00:15:47,267 --> 00:15:50,865
The religious rituals at
göbekli tepe may have eased
299
00:15:50,866 --> 00:15:53,166
those conflicts.
300
00:15:53,167 --> 00:15:56,599
Possibly for the first
time in human history,
301
00:15:56,600 --> 00:15:59,566
people from different groups
came together around shared
302
00:15:59,567 --> 00:16:04,666
beliefs and, in those first
formative moments of religion,
303
00:16:04,667 --> 00:16:08,633
they may have shared stories
about where they all came from,
304
00:16:08,634 --> 00:16:11,666
stories that
celebrated a shared past
305
00:16:11,667 --> 00:16:16,767
and drove them
together to the future.
306
00:16:18,700 --> 00:16:22,766
Göbekli tepe traces the
birth of religious worship
307
00:16:22,767 --> 00:16:25,499
back more than 11,000 years,
308
00:16:25,500 --> 00:16:28,732
long before there
were muslims, christians,
309
00:16:28,733 --> 00:16:32,365
Jews, hindus, Buddhists.
310
00:16:32,366 --> 00:16:38,134
People came together
to talk, eat, worship.
311
00:16:38,833 --> 00:16:42,166
It could be that the
driving force behind our
312
00:16:42,167 --> 00:16:43,866
greatest achievement.
313
00:16:43,867 --> 00:16:48,700
Civilization, was god.
314
00:16:51,833 --> 00:16:56,599
But today, we no longer
share one story of creation.
315
00:16:56,600 --> 00:16:59,732
We live in a global society
made up of many different
316
00:16:59,733 --> 00:17:02,465
cultures and science
has given us a new
317
00:17:02,466 --> 00:17:04,866
perspective on creation.
318
00:17:04,867 --> 00:17:07,266
It even claims to know
the ultimate secret of
319
00:17:07,267 --> 00:17:09,465
our cosmic origins.
320
00:17:09,466 --> 00:17:13,566
Can science and
religion agree on creation?
321
00:17:17,433 --> 00:17:20,166
Morgan Freeman: The
story of our creation has
322
00:17:20,167 --> 00:17:22,366
puzzled me ever
since I was a boy.
323
00:17:22,367 --> 00:17:24,132
It began right here,
324
00:17:24,133 --> 00:17:28,132
in a church in
greenwood, Mississippi.
325
00:17:28,133 --> 00:17:32,699
♪ ♪
326
00:17:32,700 --> 00:17:38,634
♪ [congregation members
singing inaudibly] ♪
327
00:17:48,534 --> 00:17:54,734
♪ [congregation members
singing inaudibly] ♪
328
00:18:01,767 --> 00:18:05,599
Morgan Freeman: I was about
their age when it happened.
329
00:18:05,600 --> 00:18:07,932
I remember the
minister reading from the
330
00:18:07,933 --> 00:18:09,366
book of Genesis.
331
00:18:09,367 --> 00:18:16,132
Minister: There are
807,361 words in the Bible.
332
00:18:16,133 --> 00:18:20,166
It doesn't take
807,000 words for me
333
00:18:20,167 --> 00:18:23,799
to believe the Bible.
334
00:18:23,800 --> 00:18:26,965
It only takes ten words.
335
00:18:26,966 --> 00:18:29,199
"In the beginning,
336
00:18:29,200 --> 00:18:32,199
[congregation exclaiming].
337
00:18:32,200 --> 00:18:34,865
God created."
338
00:18:34,866 --> 00:18:37,432
Are y'all gonna be with me?
339
00:18:37,433 --> 00:18:40,533
"The heavens and the earth."
340
00:18:40,534 --> 00:18:42,633
Morgan Freeman: But for me,
341
00:18:42,634 --> 00:18:45,965
this beginning was
a profound puzzle.
342
00:18:45,966 --> 00:18:50,065
One moment there was
nothing, the next everything.
343
00:18:50,066 --> 00:18:51,232
You're looking good.
344
00:18:51,233 --> 00:18:52,865
Man: Trying to make it.
345
00:18:52,866 --> 00:18:55,533
Morgan Freeman: If god
created the universe,
346
00:18:55,534 --> 00:18:58,132
who was around
to create god?
347
00:18:58,133 --> 00:19:00,699
When I got older, i
heard scientists had found
348
00:19:00,700 --> 00:19:04,367
evidence of the big bang.
349
00:19:06,133 --> 00:19:10,299
According to that theory,
the entire universe burst out
350
00:19:10,300 --> 00:19:15,199
of a single point in an
instant of fiery creation;
351
00:19:15,200 --> 00:19:19,865
and now that science knows so
much about our cosmic origins,
352
00:19:19,866 --> 00:19:21,699
what place is there
for religious belief
353
00:19:21,700 --> 00:19:24,399
in the beginning?
354
00:19:24,400 --> 00:19:27,799
I want to know about the
islamic story of creation,
355
00:19:27,800 --> 00:19:32,300
so I'm going to Cairo...
356
00:19:34,600 --> 00:19:37,266
One of the largest
and oldest cities in the
357
00:19:37,267 --> 00:19:40,500
Muslim world.
358
00:19:41,433 --> 00:19:45,932
Islam has deep
roots in science.
359
00:19:45,933 --> 00:19:48,633
Muslim astronomers were
charting the heavens soon
360
00:19:48,634 --> 00:19:52,400
after the time of Mohammed.
361
00:19:52,966 --> 00:19:54,533
I hadn't noticed that before.
362
00:19:54,534 --> 00:19:55,999
What is it?
363
00:19:56,000 --> 00:19:59,832
Ahmed ragab: This is the
minaret of al-Hussein mosque.
364
00:19:59,833 --> 00:20:02,932
Morgan Freeman: Harvard
historian of islam Ahmed ragab
365
00:20:02,933 --> 00:20:06,466
is taking me to one of
Cairo's spiritual centers,
366
00:20:06,467 --> 00:20:10,132
the al-Hussein mosque.
367
00:20:10,133 --> 00:20:15,700
♪ [Imam singing in
foreign language]. ♪
368
00:20:18,467 --> 00:20:22,399
Ahmed ragab: So they start by
forming lines all facing mecca
369
00:20:22,400 --> 00:20:25,032
and the lines are all closed.
370
00:20:25,033 --> 00:20:27,132
You shouldn't have
any kind of gaps.
371
00:20:27,133 --> 00:20:28,399
Morgan Freeman: Space between?
372
00:20:28,400 --> 00:20:29,899
Ahmed ragab: Yeah.
373
00:20:29,900 --> 00:20:31,432
Morgan Freeman:
In other words,
374
00:20:31,433 --> 00:20:32,965
they just go toe to toe.
375
00:20:32,966 --> 00:20:34,499
Ahmed ragab: Mm-hmm.
376
00:20:34,500 --> 00:20:36,199
Morgan Freeman: Right, right.
377
00:20:36,200 --> 00:20:39,032
Muslims come here every
day to give thanks to god
378
00:20:39,033 --> 00:20:41,700
for all that he creates.
379
00:20:43,734 --> 00:20:46,899
And afterwards, some
head just around the corner
380
00:20:46,900 --> 00:20:51,133
to the two and a half century
old El fishawy coffee shop.
381
00:20:52,600 --> 00:20:57,600
Speak to me about the
islamic concept of creation.
382
00:20:58,500 --> 00:21:01,166
Ahmed ragab: In islam, the
beginning of the story starts
383
00:21:01,167 --> 00:21:04,734
with this massive
cloud of smoke,
384
00:21:07,734 --> 00:21:12,232
from which the heaven and
earth are pulled from inside
385
00:21:12,233 --> 00:21:16,099
the smoke and then the earth
after that gets formed into
386
00:21:16,100 --> 00:21:21,032
what it looks like before
the beings are created.
387
00:21:21,033 --> 00:21:25,299
Morgan Freeman: Interestingly,
that is very, cosmic.
388
00:21:25,300 --> 00:21:28,167
Ahmed ragab: Right.
389
00:21:28,567 --> 00:21:31,633
Morgan Freeman: You think
right away about the clouds of
390
00:21:31,634 --> 00:21:34,599
dust in the cosmos
that formed worlds.
391
00:21:34,600 --> 00:21:37,865
Ahmed ragab: Mm-hmm, mm-hmm,
so this ideas about these
392
00:21:37,866 --> 00:21:41,766
massive clouds and things
coming out of them is actually
393
00:21:41,767 --> 00:21:45,533
very powerful in a lot of
mythological traditions around
394
00:21:45,534 --> 00:21:49,399
the world and it is
part of this islamic
395
00:21:49,400 --> 00:21:51,633
narrative of creation.
396
00:21:51,634 --> 00:21:55,032
Morgan Freeman: In islam,
the moment of creation exists
397
00:21:55,033 --> 00:21:59,266
alongside the scientific
view of earth's formation.
398
00:21:59,267 --> 00:22:01,399
The same is true
for traditions much
399
00:22:01,400 --> 00:22:05,833
older than islam.
400
00:22:10,200 --> 00:22:13,065
Aboriginal people have
lived in central Australia
401
00:22:13,066 --> 00:22:15,566
for tens of
thousands of years.
402
00:22:15,567 --> 00:22:18,466
They've told the story of
this land's creation for as
403
00:22:18,467 --> 00:22:21,199
long as anyone
can remember.
404
00:22:21,200 --> 00:22:22,566
Duane hamacher:
Oh, this is beautiful.
405
00:22:22,567 --> 00:22:25,232
Warren Williams: My
grandfather's family have been
406
00:22:25,233 --> 00:22:27,965
caretakers for this
place and now it's gotten
407
00:22:27,966 --> 00:22:30,266
passed down to me.
408
00:22:30,267 --> 00:22:33,099
Morgan Freeman: Warren
Williams and the arrernte
409
00:22:33,100 --> 00:22:35,899
people call this place home.
410
00:22:35,900 --> 00:22:37,399
Duane hamacher:
This place is so big,
411
00:22:37,400 --> 00:22:38,999
you'd have to
see it from space.
412
00:22:39,000 --> 00:22:40,699
You could probably see
it on satellite image.
413
00:22:40,700 --> 00:22:42,399
Warren Williams: Well, yeah.
414
00:22:42,400 --> 00:22:44,799
Morgan Freeman: Cultural
astronomer Duane hamacher
415
00:22:44,800 --> 00:22:47,065
tries to connect
aboriginal creation stories
416
00:22:47,066 --> 00:22:48,965
to modern science.
417
00:22:48,966 --> 00:22:52,733
So Warren is taking him
to where his ancestors say
418
00:22:52,734 --> 00:22:55,966
it all began,
419
00:22:56,167 --> 00:23:01,433
a bowl shaped
basin called tnorala.
420
00:23:04,900 --> 00:23:07,299
It's traditional for
the arrernte to tell their
421
00:23:07,300 --> 00:23:09,965
creation story at night,
422
00:23:09,966 --> 00:23:12,132
when they can
see their creators,
423
00:23:12,133 --> 00:23:13,832
the sky guards.
424
00:23:13,833 --> 00:23:15,965
Warren Williams:
This sky tonight,
425
00:23:15,966 --> 00:23:17,666
it's gonna be
really good tonight.
426
00:23:17,667 --> 00:23:20,767
Duane hamacher: Oh,
they're all coming out now.
427
00:23:23,567 --> 00:23:26,267
Warren Williams: Wow.
428
00:23:31,400 --> 00:23:34,199
Morgan Freeman: The story
takes place in an era called
429
00:23:34,200 --> 00:23:39,432
the dreaming, when the sky
guards lived in the milky way.
430
00:23:39,433 --> 00:23:41,733
Warren Williams: The
dreaming is a period of
431
00:23:41,734 --> 00:23:44,832
creation when
everything was beginning,
432
00:23:44,833 --> 00:23:48,432
when the ladies were
dancing at a ceremony and
433
00:23:48,433 --> 00:23:53,267
one of them had
a little baby in her arms.
434
00:23:59,233 --> 00:24:01,499
So she put the
baby in a Turner,
435
00:24:01,500 --> 00:24:04,166
like a, it's a
wooden cradle, but all
436
00:24:04,167 --> 00:24:06,699
that dancing
started vibrating,
437
00:24:06,700 --> 00:24:10,633
shaking the milky way
and the Turner fell out,
438
00:24:10,634 --> 00:24:13,932
and it fell to earth
and created the crater
439
00:24:13,933 --> 00:24:17,467
that we see now.
440
00:24:22,033 --> 00:24:23,932
Duane hamacher:
That's fascinating because,
441
00:24:23,933 --> 00:24:26,166
according to scientists,
it was an asteroid or a
442
00:24:26,167 --> 00:24:28,666
comet that hit the
ground and what it did,
443
00:24:28,667 --> 00:24:30,533
you know, a
massive explosion,
444
00:24:30,534 --> 00:24:32,699
created this big
meteorite crater.
445
00:24:32,700 --> 00:24:35,533
Morgan Freeman: Duane wants
to know more about the Turner,
446
00:24:35,534 --> 00:24:38,299
or cradle, that Warren
and his ancestors see as the
447
00:24:38,300 --> 00:24:40,999
cause of their creation.
448
00:24:41,000 --> 00:24:42,466
Warren Williams:
This one here.
449
00:24:42,467 --> 00:24:44,566
Duane hamacher: So you can
see the milky way quite clearly
450
00:24:44,567 --> 00:24:47,766
and that looks like that
Turner from the front falling
451
00:24:47,767 --> 00:24:49,266
out of the milky way.
452
00:24:49,267 --> 00:24:50,899
Warren Williams: Yeah.
453
00:24:50,900 --> 00:24:52,699
Duane hamacher: In
western astronomy,
454
00:24:52,700 --> 00:24:54,466
we call that corona australis.
455
00:24:54,467 --> 00:24:56,499
That constellation
means the Southern crown.
456
00:24:56,500 --> 00:24:58,799
But you're right, it looks
exactly like a Turner falling
457
00:24:58,800 --> 00:25:00,166
out the milky way.
458
00:25:00,167 --> 00:25:03,933
Warren Williams: It looks
like an upturned cradle.
459
00:25:04,233 --> 00:25:06,799
Morgan Freeman: At daybreak,
Duane asks Warren to show him
460
00:25:06,800 --> 00:25:09,166
exactly where the
star baby landed.
461
00:25:09,167 --> 00:25:10,633
Duane hamacher: Goes
right through here?
462
00:25:10,634 --> 00:25:12,299
Warren Williams: Yeah.
463
00:25:12,300 --> 00:25:14,132
Duane hamacher: Check it out.
464
00:25:14,133 --> 00:25:16,432
Morgan Freeman: It's right
in the center of the meteor
465
00:25:16,433 --> 00:25:20,066
impact crater geologists
called gosses bluff.
466
00:25:22,734 --> 00:25:24,266
Duane hamacher: So this is it?
467
00:25:24,267 --> 00:25:28,066
Warren Williams: Yeah,
this is where it began.
468
00:25:29,066 --> 00:25:34,299
Well, the rocks fell down here
to the ground and formed this
469
00:25:34,300 --> 00:25:37,032
and the first
man got created,
470
00:25:37,033 --> 00:25:40,399
the first woman
got created and, like,
471
00:25:40,400 --> 00:25:43,733
now I'm here
because of them.
472
00:25:43,734 --> 00:25:47,166
It started here, just
fell from the sky at night,
473
00:25:47,167 --> 00:25:48,932
made all this.
474
00:25:48,933 --> 00:25:51,199
Duane hamacher: Science has
never really considered some
475
00:25:51,200 --> 00:25:53,332
of these old creation
stories to have any validity,
476
00:25:53,333 --> 00:25:56,032
and what we're finding out
is that the creation story
477
00:25:56,033 --> 00:25:58,032
from the aboriginal
perspective and from the
478
00:25:58,033 --> 00:26:00,499
scientific perspective,
here at tnorala,
479
00:26:00,500 --> 00:26:01,899
Warren Williams: Mmm.
480
00:26:01,900 --> 00:26:04,065
Duane hamacher: Are identical,
they're exactly the same.
481
00:26:04,066 --> 00:26:06,166
Morgan Freeman:
For the arrernte,
482
00:26:06,167 --> 00:26:09,432
life began here and
tradition requires a greeting
483
00:26:09,433 --> 00:26:13,733
to the ancestors whenever
you enter this sacred space.
484
00:26:13,734 --> 00:26:16,767
Warren Williams: Hey!
485
00:26:17,700 --> 00:26:23,433
[Foreign dialog].
486
00:26:29,033 --> 00:26:31,332
Morgan Freeman: Science
can live side by side with
487
00:26:31,333 --> 00:26:36,600
aboriginal and islamic
accounts of our origins,
488
00:26:39,900 --> 00:26:42,366
now I'm curious
about science and the
489
00:26:42,367 --> 00:26:46,433
judeo-Christian
creation story.
490
00:26:47,467 --> 00:26:51,699
So I've come to Rome, where
Michelangelo's breathtaking
491
00:26:51,700 --> 00:26:56,932
sistine chapel ceiling
depicts the book of Genesis.
492
00:26:56,933 --> 00:27:01,600
In six days, god
creates light,
493
00:27:01,900 --> 00:27:06,800
makes the sun and the
moon and creates man.
494
00:27:14,600 --> 00:27:16,999
I've come to speak with
the pope's chief science
495
00:27:17,000 --> 00:27:22,267
representative, monsignor
Marcelo Sanchez sorondo.
496
00:27:22,667 --> 00:27:26,099
Now, you are the
chancellor of the pontifical
497
00:27:26,100 --> 00:27:27,466
academy of sciences.
498
00:27:27,467 --> 00:27:29,366
Monsignor sorondo: Exactly.
499
00:27:29,367 --> 00:27:31,832
Morgan Freeman: When did
that get started and why?
500
00:27:31,833 --> 00:27:33,999
Monsignor sorondo: In 1603.
501
00:27:34,000 --> 00:27:36,032
Morgan Freeman: 1603?
502
00:27:36,033 --> 00:27:38,032
Monsignor sorondo:
And three, yes,
503
00:27:38,033 --> 00:27:44,266
and the leader of the first
generation was Galileo and the
504
00:27:44,267 --> 00:27:50,666
idea is to have a new
academy to develop the
505
00:27:50,667 --> 00:27:52,965
scientific reason of things.
506
00:27:52,966 --> 00:27:55,599
Morgan Freeman: So we have
the two different approaches
507
00:27:55,600 --> 00:27:58,432
to the idea of creation.
508
00:27:58,433 --> 00:28:02,832
There is Genesis and
then as the big bang.
509
00:28:02,833 --> 00:28:06,932
Monsignor sorondo: The big
bang is not creation exactly
510
00:28:06,933 --> 00:28:12,534
because we don't know what
was before the big bang.
511
00:28:13,667 --> 00:28:16,332
Morgan Freeman:
My question exactly.
512
00:28:16,333 --> 00:28:18,299
Monsignor sorondo:
And for this reason,
513
00:28:18,300 --> 00:28:23,132
creation is nothing
to do with the big bang.
514
00:28:23,133 --> 00:28:29,666
The other thing is the
idea of the Bible is not a
515
00:28:29,667 --> 00:28:32,266
scientific idea of creation.
516
00:28:32,267 --> 00:28:33,699
Morgan Freeman:
In other words,
517
00:28:33,700 --> 00:28:35,232
science can't prove
it or disprove it.
518
00:28:35,233 --> 00:28:37,299
Monsignor sorondo: Exactly.
519
00:28:37,300 --> 00:28:39,533
We say in the Bible is
the idea of creation,
520
00:28:39,534 --> 00:28:42,399
but in the geological
sense of creation,
521
00:28:42,400 --> 00:28:44,332
not the scientific...
522
00:28:44,333 --> 00:28:46,032
Morgan Freeman:
Not in scientific.
523
00:28:46,033 --> 00:28:47,733
Monsignor sorondo:
Sense of creation.
524
00:28:47,734 --> 00:28:49,766
Morgan Freeman:
Thank you, thank you, indeed.
525
00:28:49,767 --> 00:28:52,432
The catholic church no longer
sees the book of Genesis
526
00:28:52,433 --> 00:28:54,533
as the literal
description of creation.
527
00:28:54,534 --> 00:28:57,366
In fact, the first scientist
to propose the big bang,
528
00:28:57,367 --> 00:29:00,399
George lemaître, was a
priest and a member of the
529
00:29:00,400 --> 00:29:04,700
pontifical academy
of science.
530
00:29:05,000 --> 00:29:11,132
So how exactly does belief in
god fit into modern cosmology?
531
00:29:11,133 --> 00:29:15,332
So this incredibly
high vaulted ceiling,
532
00:29:15,333 --> 00:29:17,666
it's just like
reaching for heaven.
533
00:29:17,667 --> 00:29:20,499
Father tanzella-nitti:
Yes, in a certain sense.
534
00:29:20,500 --> 00:29:24,032
This is a
representation of heaven.
535
00:29:24,033 --> 00:29:25,799
Morgan Freeman: Oh!
536
00:29:25,800 --> 00:29:28,199
Father tanzella-nitti:
Of a theological heaven.
537
00:29:28,200 --> 00:29:30,766
Morgan Freeman: I'm meeting with
father giuseppe tanzella-nitti,
538
00:29:30,767 --> 00:29:33,666
a scientist at the
Vatican observatory.
539
00:29:33,667 --> 00:29:36,065
I'm very, very
fascinated by you.
540
00:29:36,066 --> 00:29:41,266
You are an astronomer
and you are a holy man.
541
00:29:41,267 --> 00:29:45,166
Father tanzella-nitti: Yes,
my field of study was radio
542
00:29:45,167 --> 00:29:50,899
galaxies, quasars, extra
galactic objects and it was
543
00:29:50,900 --> 00:29:52,766
another kind of heaven.
544
00:29:52,767 --> 00:29:58,567
I remember that, when we
take a galaxy spectra,
545
00:29:59,000 --> 00:30:03,965
I used to pray during the
waiting for the spectra and to
546
00:30:03,966 --> 00:30:07,099
say, "god, I thank you
for this marvelous universe
547
00:30:07,100 --> 00:30:10,166
that you gave us."
548
00:30:10,167 --> 00:30:13,366
Morgan Freeman: There must
have come at some point a
549
00:30:13,367 --> 00:30:19,199
question for you about
the nature of creation.
550
00:30:19,200 --> 00:30:24,633
We think that there's,
like, a big schism between the
551
00:30:24,634 --> 00:30:28,633
biblical sense of creation
and the other one is the
552
00:30:28,634 --> 00:30:32,533
scientific sense, the big bang,
and it's all very different.
553
00:30:32,534 --> 00:30:35,132
Father tanzella-nitti:
Creation from a theological
554
00:30:35,133 --> 00:30:39,299
point of view is perfectly
compatible with the big bang,
555
00:30:39,300 --> 00:30:42,399
because you need
always a first cause.
556
00:30:42,400 --> 00:30:47,166
God the creator is
outside space time.
557
00:30:47,167 --> 00:30:51,599
It's before any time, so
the act of creation is an
558
00:30:51,600 --> 00:30:55,865
everlasting act because
creation is the way in which
559
00:30:55,866 --> 00:31:00,065
god continuously
holds the universe.
560
00:31:00,066 --> 00:31:02,566
Morgan Freeman: For
giuseppe and others like him,
561
00:31:02,567 --> 00:31:06,332
cosmology not only allows
room for divine creation,
562
00:31:06,333 --> 00:31:10,166
it offers new ways to
understand god as the master
563
00:31:10,167 --> 00:31:14,100
of space and time.
564
00:31:18,200 --> 00:31:20,599
I like what father giuseppe
565
00:31:20,600 --> 00:31:25,266
says about creation
as a continuum,
566
00:31:25,267 --> 00:31:30,832
that it didn't begin
and end with the big bang,
567
00:31:30,833 --> 00:31:34,999
that it is god's
ongoing activity which
568
00:31:35,000 --> 00:31:37,666
includes evolution.
569
00:31:37,667 --> 00:31:39,899
Think what he was
saying is god does not
570
00:31:39,900 --> 00:31:42,032
exist outside
space and time.
571
00:31:42,033 --> 00:31:46,833
God is space and time.
572
00:31:47,267 --> 00:31:51,199
The idea that creation is
ongoing sounds like a new one,
573
00:31:51,200 --> 00:31:55,066
but it's not.
574
00:31:55,367 --> 00:31:58,366
In the depths of the
Guatemalan rainforest,
575
00:31:58,367 --> 00:32:01,899
lost cities reveal
the endless creations of
576
00:32:01,900 --> 00:32:04,933
the ancient Maya.
577
00:32:11,467 --> 00:32:13,399
Morgan Freeman: What if
there was not one moment
578
00:32:13,400 --> 00:32:17,132
of creation, but many?
579
00:32:17,133 --> 00:32:19,566
I'm heading out to
explore the remains of the
580
00:32:19,567 --> 00:32:22,032
ancient Mayan empire...
581
00:32:22,033 --> 00:32:23,566
Richard Hansen: There's
a little swampy grounds
582
00:32:23,567 --> 00:32:25,399
where we're going.
583
00:32:25,400 --> 00:32:27,499
Morgan Freeman: Where a
new discovery sheds light
584
00:32:27,500 --> 00:32:31,033
on their Genesis story.
585
00:32:39,400 --> 00:32:42,533
Few roads cut through the
dense jungle of northern
586
00:32:42,534 --> 00:32:45,965
guateala today, but
archaeologist Richard Hansen
587
00:32:45,966 --> 00:32:49,266
tells me that 2,000 years
ago this was one of the
588
00:32:49,267 --> 00:32:51,733
great cities of the world.
589
00:32:51,734 --> 00:32:53,799
Richard Hansen: We like
to think of Los Angeles and
590
00:32:53,800 --> 00:32:55,733
New York as
being a modern city,
591
00:32:55,734 --> 00:32:57,832
but these guys had the same
perspective of their own cities.
592
00:32:57,833 --> 00:32:59,599
Morgan Freeman: Right.
593
00:32:59,600 --> 00:33:00,965
They had water
delivery systems,
594
00:33:00,966 --> 00:33:02,266
they had freeways...
595
00:33:02,267 --> 00:33:04,366
Richard Hansen: Oh yeah,
very first freeway system
596
00:33:04,367 --> 00:33:07,033
in the world.
597
00:33:07,933 --> 00:33:12,065
Welcome to El mirador.
598
00:33:12,066 --> 00:33:14,266
This pyramid is one of the
largest structures in the
599
00:33:14,267 --> 00:33:16,432
world in terms of volume.
600
00:33:16,433 --> 00:33:20,567
It's more than a half
a mile long at the base.
601
00:33:27,734 --> 00:33:30,099
Morgan Freeman: At a
site called El mirador,
602
00:33:30,100 --> 00:33:32,499
Richard found the remains
of an ancient city the Maya
603
00:33:32,500 --> 00:33:36,466
knew as the snake kingdom.
604
00:33:36,467 --> 00:33:38,799
It's such a rich
archaeological site,
605
00:33:38,800 --> 00:33:43,065
he set up a permanent camp
in the jungle to explore it.
606
00:33:43,066 --> 00:33:44,799
Richard Hansen:
This is the laboratory.
607
00:33:44,800 --> 00:33:46,132
This is our doctor.
608
00:33:46,133 --> 00:33:47,533
If you ever
get in a problem,
609
00:33:47,534 --> 00:33:48,733
he can fix
you right there.
610
00:33:48,734 --> 00:33:50,032
Morgan Freeman: Really?
611
00:33:50,033 --> 00:33:51,366
Richard Hansen: He's
an outstanding doctor.
612
00:33:51,367 --> 00:33:53,499
Morgan Freeman:
I got this.
613
00:33:53,500 --> 00:33:54,899
[Foreign dialogue].
614
00:33:54,900 --> 00:33:56,166
Miguel: Miguel.
615
00:33:56,167 --> 00:33:57,266
Morgan Freeman: Miguel?
616
00:33:57,267 --> 00:33:58,366
Morgan.
617
00:33:58,367 --> 00:33:59,832
Miguel: Morgan Freeman, si.
618
00:33:59,833 --> 00:34:01,166
Man: Nice to meet you.
619
00:34:01,167 --> 00:34:03,533
Morgan Freeman: Yeah, it
was nice to meet me, wasn't it?
620
00:34:03,534 --> 00:34:06,100
Man: It was, it was
very nice to meet you.
621
00:34:08,667 --> 00:34:10,699
[Foreign dialogue].
622
00:34:10,700 --> 00:34:12,099
Morgan Freeman: Set?
623
00:34:12,100 --> 00:34:15,299
Richard Hansen:
Ok, let's do it.
624
00:34:15,300 --> 00:34:16,932
Morgan Freeman: Richard is
taking me to see something
625
00:34:16,933 --> 00:34:21,332
he's only just uncovered.
626
00:34:21,333 --> 00:34:23,965
Richard Hansen: Ok, this is
one of the most interesting
627
00:34:23,966 --> 00:34:25,832
excavations we have
right now.
628
00:34:25,833 --> 00:34:28,399
Morgan Freeman:
Oh my goodness!
629
00:34:28,400 --> 00:34:30,899
Richard Hansen: This is
art that was carved in stucco
630
00:34:30,900 --> 00:34:35,065
hundreds of years before
Christ and it has incredible
631
00:34:35,066 --> 00:34:36,999
scenes showing the
entire pantheon of
632
00:34:37,000 --> 00:34:39,099
the Mayan religion.
633
00:34:39,100 --> 00:34:41,332
Morgan Freeman: So what
we're talking about is,
634
00:34:41,333 --> 00:34:44,599
this is the actual
story of creation here.
635
00:34:44,600 --> 00:34:46,399
This is the Mayan Bible.
636
00:34:46,400 --> 00:34:49,099
Richard Hansen: This is the
Maya Genesis story with all
637
00:34:49,100 --> 00:34:51,366
the deities that are
needed to tell the story.
638
00:34:51,367 --> 00:34:54,232
Morgan Freeman: Yeah,
this is unbelievable.
639
00:34:54,233 --> 00:34:57,865
I mean, if you just think
about the fact that it wasn't
640
00:34:57,866 --> 00:35:01,299
done in the 15th
century or the 16th century.
641
00:35:01,300 --> 00:35:06,232
It was done 2,000
years ago at least.
642
00:35:06,233 --> 00:35:09,132
This is the oldest version
of the Maya's sacred story of
643
00:35:09,133 --> 00:35:12,099
creation that's
ever been found.
644
00:35:12,100 --> 00:35:16,833
The focus is on two swimmers
carrying a severed head.
645
00:35:17,167 --> 00:35:19,299
Richard Hansen: It's this
head right here that gave us
646
00:35:19,300 --> 00:35:21,699
the clue who this might
be at the first place.
647
00:35:21,700 --> 00:35:23,999
We think this is hunahpu.
648
00:35:24,000 --> 00:35:26,666
This is father of the
hero twins that serves
649
00:35:26,667 --> 00:35:29,800
the whole
process of creation.
650
00:35:38,833 --> 00:35:41,099
Priestess: Gracias a hau.
651
00:35:41,100 --> 00:35:46,100
Gracias al corazon del cielo.
652
00:35:47,300 --> 00:35:49,666
Gracias al corazon
de la tierra,
653
00:35:49,667 --> 00:35:52,132
gracias al
corazon del agua.
654
00:35:52,133 --> 00:35:54,466
Morgan Freeman: Fragments
of this creation story
655
00:35:54,467 --> 00:35:57,399
survive even to this day
in a religious ritual in
656
00:35:57,400 --> 00:36:00,733
which I am privileged
to take part.
657
00:36:00,734 --> 00:36:05,066
Ritual leader: Gracias,
al corazon de fuego.
658
00:36:08,667 --> 00:36:11,232
Morgan Freeman: The ritual
recalls the saga of the corn
659
00:36:11,233 --> 00:36:14,399
god being tricked into
going down to the underworld,
660
00:36:14,400 --> 00:36:17,667
where he's decapitated.
661
00:36:18,100 --> 00:36:21,032
His sons, known
as the hero twins,
662
00:36:21,033 --> 00:36:24,566
set off to rescue him
but they can only get to
663
00:36:24,567 --> 00:36:28,499
the underworld by
being burned to ash.
664
00:36:28,500 --> 00:36:32,800
Richard Hansen: The ash
represents the hero twins.
665
00:36:33,267 --> 00:36:35,799
She'll mix up the corn
with the ashes and that goes
666
00:36:35,800 --> 00:36:40,899
into the water.
667
00:36:40,900 --> 00:36:43,332
Morgan Freeman: As
their ash sinks into the
668
00:36:43,333 --> 00:36:49,233
subterranean waters,
the hero twins regenerate.
669
00:36:50,966 --> 00:36:54,899
They return to earth
with the corn god's head and
670
00:36:54,900 --> 00:36:58,700
plant him in the ground.
671
00:37:02,567 --> 00:37:05,932
It is from this
corn that the first Maya
672
00:37:05,933 --> 00:37:08,599
people are made.
673
00:37:08,600 --> 00:37:12,132
Richard Hansen: Now the
hero twins are in the river,
674
00:37:12,133 --> 00:37:16,199
so this is what they're gonna
be serving and passing around.
675
00:37:16,200 --> 00:37:18,733
In a sense, we all become
a part of the hero twins'
676
00:37:18,734 --> 00:37:23,000
story by doing this.
677
00:37:33,066 --> 00:37:39,400
♪ ♪
678
00:37:45,767 --> 00:37:48,499
Morgan Freeman: We don't
perform rituals to celebrate
679
00:37:48,500 --> 00:37:51,332
Adam and Eve, but the
hero twins were crucial
680
00:37:51,333 --> 00:37:53,432
to Mayan culture.
681
00:37:53,433 --> 00:37:56,533
Their story of death and
rebirth was tied to the growth
682
00:37:56,534 --> 00:38:00,432
of their staple crop,
corn, an act of creation that
683
00:38:00,433 --> 00:38:04,667
the Maya depended
on every year.
684
00:38:08,800 --> 00:38:12,332
And, Richard tells me,
their architecture also
685
00:38:12,333 --> 00:38:14,466
focused on creation.
686
00:38:14,467 --> 00:38:18,199
It mirrored a source of
power they saw in the heavens.
687
00:38:18,200 --> 00:38:21,865
To show me how, he
takes me 40 miles away to
688
00:38:21,866 --> 00:38:26,033
the ruins of
the city of tikal.
689
00:38:34,333 --> 00:38:37,832
♪ ♪
690
00:38:37,833 --> 00:38:41,799
The temples here are
arranged in groups of three,
691
00:38:41,800 --> 00:38:45,065
a triad.
692
00:38:45,066 --> 00:38:49,466
So Richard, now, I can
sense here that there is
693
00:38:49,467 --> 00:38:52,366
a pattern, but
something's missing.
694
00:38:52,367 --> 00:38:53,899
What am I missing?
695
00:38:53,900 --> 00:38:55,432
Richard Hansen:
Well, there is a pattern,
696
00:38:55,433 --> 00:38:57,766
Morgan, this is a
definite pattern here and
697
00:38:57,767 --> 00:38:59,533
it's consistent through
centuries of time.
698
00:38:59,534 --> 00:39:01,466
There's one big
building over here with
699
00:39:01,467 --> 00:39:03,199
the stairway facing inward,
700
00:39:03,200 --> 00:39:05,166
another building over
here with the stairway
701
00:39:05,167 --> 00:39:06,499
facing inward.
702
00:39:06,500 --> 00:39:07,932
Morgan Freeman: Ok, and
a third one, what, what?
703
00:39:07,933 --> 00:39:10,599
Richard Hansen: The third
one was right in front of us.
704
00:39:10,600 --> 00:39:12,332
Morgan Freeman: Oh.
705
00:39:12,333 --> 00:39:14,232
Richard Hansen:
There's the third structure.
706
00:39:14,233 --> 00:39:15,999
It's been dismantled,
of course, it's gone now,
707
00:39:16,000 --> 00:39:18,065
but the big building
was right in front of us,
708
00:39:18,066 --> 00:39:20,533
it was as high or higher,
709
00:39:20,534 --> 00:39:23,432
which was built to make
the triad, three stones.
710
00:39:23,433 --> 00:39:25,633
Morgan Freeman: Richard
and other experts believe
711
00:39:25,634 --> 00:39:28,499
that this arrangement of
stone temples is a deliberate
712
00:39:28,500 --> 00:39:32,832
echo of a triangle of stars
in the constellation Orion.
713
00:39:32,833 --> 00:39:35,832
At the center of the
three stars is a fiery nebula,
714
00:39:35,833 --> 00:39:39,332
a cosmic cloud
of star creation.
715
00:39:39,333 --> 00:39:41,699
Richard Hansen: We know
from contemporary Maya that
716
00:39:41,700 --> 00:39:43,399
there is a celestial heart.
717
00:39:43,400 --> 00:39:45,032
The inside of...
718
00:39:45,033 --> 00:39:46,699
Morgan Freeman: A celestial...
719
00:39:46,700 --> 00:39:48,899
Richard Hansen: Orion, it's
in the constellation of Orion.
720
00:39:48,900 --> 00:39:51,166
Morgan Freeman: Even today,
when the Maya light a
721
00:39:51,167 --> 00:39:54,099
traditional fire, they begin
by flagging three stones.
722
00:39:54,100 --> 00:39:57,232
A fire of creation
emanates from their center,
723
00:39:57,233 --> 00:40:01,533
just as it does with the
triad of stars in Orion.
724
00:40:01,534 --> 00:40:07,699
You're telling me that
the Mayans got this triad,
725
00:40:07,700 --> 00:40:10,599
this manifestation
of creation,
726
00:40:10,600 --> 00:40:12,999
from the constellation Orion?
727
00:40:13,000 --> 00:40:14,766
Richard Hansen: It
looks like this is what they
728
00:40:14,767 --> 00:40:16,232
were looking at.
729
00:40:16,233 --> 00:40:19,566
We know that they were very
aware of three primary stars,
730
00:40:19,567 --> 00:40:22,399
so the Maya were able to
replicate that pattern with
731
00:40:22,400 --> 00:40:25,132
these three stones in
these three structures and
732
00:40:25,133 --> 00:40:28,466
that is replicated over
and over and over again.
733
00:40:28,467 --> 00:40:30,832
They're tying us
to the heavens.
734
00:40:30,833 --> 00:40:35,534
They're letting us see
the creation symbolically.
735
00:40:40,966 --> 00:40:43,099
Morgan Freeman:
Looking around here,
736
00:40:43,100 --> 00:40:46,566
I'm struck by the scale
of what the Maya created.
737
00:40:46,567 --> 00:40:50,899
Huge cities,
colossal pyramids.
738
00:40:50,900 --> 00:40:54,733
It was a civilization
whose religion was focused on
739
00:40:54,734 --> 00:40:59,499
creation and the continued
regeneration of creation.
740
00:40:59,500 --> 00:41:03,099
And yet it all crumbled.
741
00:41:03,100 --> 00:41:07,900
Everything the Maya
created, collapsed.
742
00:41:15,767 --> 00:41:19,499
It strikes me that we don't
spend enough time celebrating
743
00:41:19,500 --> 00:41:24,065
the paths our
ancestors trod to get here,
744
00:41:24,066 --> 00:41:29,634
or giving thanks for the
forces that sustain our lives.
745
00:41:30,567 --> 00:41:34,332
But there is one culture
that gives thanks for its
746
00:41:34,333 --> 00:41:40,100
creation every day and I'm
in varanasi, India to see it.
747
00:41:49,866 --> 00:41:54,699
India is home to
a billion hindus,
748
00:41:54,700 --> 00:41:58,232
the third largest
faith in the world.
749
00:41:58,233 --> 00:42:02,499
It has many gods and
many creation stories.
750
00:42:02,500 --> 00:42:05,232
One of the best known
centers around the river
751
00:42:05,233 --> 00:42:07,065
that gives them life...
752
00:42:07,066 --> 00:42:11,100
The Ganges or ganga.
753
00:42:13,734 --> 00:42:17,332
Benda paranjape: Morgan,
now we are at the river ganga.
754
00:42:17,333 --> 00:42:18,699
Morgan Freeman: Ganga.
755
00:42:18,700 --> 00:42:21,266
Benda paranjape: Ganga,
the holiest of the holy rivers
756
00:42:21,267 --> 00:42:23,965
and the center
of hindu universe.
757
00:42:23,966 --> 00:42:27,166
It only exists because
it is the sacred, the pure,
758
00:42:27,167 --> 00:42:29,232
the holy from the heaven.
759
00:42:29,233 --> 00:42:31,266
Morgan Freeman: It
only exists because...
760
00:42:31,267 --> 00:42:32,633
Benda paranjape: You believe.
761
00:42:32,634 --> 00:42:33,699
Morgan Freeman:
You believe it's true.
762
00:42:33,700 --> 00:42:35,132
Benda paranjape: Yes.
763
00:42:35,133 --> 00:42:36,432
Morgan Freeman:
Ah, ok, love that.
764
00:42:36,433 --> 00:42:38,865
I love that.
765
00:42:38,866 --> 00:42:43,633
Historian benda paranjape
takes me to a shrine to ganga.
766
00:42:43,634 --> 00:42:45,032
Benda paranjape: Careful.
767
00:42:45,033 --> 00:42:47,832
Morgan Freeman: Yes,
ganga's not only a river,
768
00:42:47,833 --> 00:42:49,666
but a goddess.
769
00:42:49,667 --> 00:42:51,832
Benda paranjape: So the
idea is that you bow down even
770
00:42:51,833 --> 00:42:54,232
before you enter the shrine,
771
00:42:54,233 --> 00:42:56,199
but not for a
short person like me.
772
00:42:56,200 --> 00:42:57,865
Morgan Freeman: Ah!
773
00:42:57,866 --> 00:42:59,599
[Laughs].
774
00:42:59,600 --> 00:43:01,699
Benda paranjape: And
then you'll come to a place
775
00:43:01,700 --> 00:43:05,266
where you see mother ganga.
776
00:43:05,267 --> 00:43:06,533
Morgan Freeman:
What's she holding in her
777
00:43:06,534 --> 00:43:08,099
upper left hand?
778
00:43:08,100 --> 00:43:09,766
Benda paranjape:
She's holding a lotus.
779
00:43:09,767 --> 00:43:11,065
That is supposed to be a...
780
00:43:11,066 --> 00:43:12,733
Morgan Freeman: A lotus?
781
00:43:12,734 --> 00:43:14,232
Benda paranjape:
A mark of purity,
782
00:43:14,233 --> 00:43:15,733
Morgan Freeman: Right.
783
00:43:15,734 --> 00:43:18,099
Benda paranjape: Because
lotus emerges out of mud,
784
00:43:18,100 --> 00:43:22,066
but it does not take
any stains of mud.
785
00:43:22,500 --> 00:43:24,199
Morgan Freeman:
In the beginning,
786
00:43:24,200 --> 00:43:26,965
hindus believe ganga
flowed in the heavens,
787
00:43:26,966 --> 00:43:31,133
but she was held captive
by the creator god brahma.
788
00:43:31,667 --> 00:43:36,299
Then brahma decided to send
the river ganga down to earth.
789
00:43:36,300 --> 00:43:38,132
Benda paranjape: But
there is one problem,
790
00:43:38,133 --> 00:43:41,166
that ganga has got such
mighty force and if she
791
00:43:41,167 --> 00:43:44,099
comes in the earth,
the earth will drown.
792
00:43:44,100 --> 00:43:47,932
Morgan Freeman:
So the god Shiva,
793
00:43:47,933 --> 00:43:51,965
blocked ganga's fall,
gathering her waters in
794
00:43:51,966 --> 00:43:53,999
the locks of his hair.
795
00:43:54,000 --> 00:43:56,432
Benda paranjape: So Shiva
just opened one lock of
796
00:43:56,433 --> 00:44:01,600
his hair and the ganga flow.
797
00:44:02,933 --> 00:44:06,666
She's the mother because
she gives birth to everything.
798
00:44:06,667 --> 00:44:11,099
Morgan Freeman: This holy
river came from the river in
799
00:44:11,100 --> 00:44:13,065
heaven that we
call the milky way.
800
00:44:13,066 --> 00:44:15,432
Benda paranjape: They say
that milky way actually is a
801
00:44:15,433 --> 00:44:18,266
reflection that you
see in those waters which
802
00:44:18,267 --> 00:44:21,932
are still beyond.
803
00:44:21,933 --> 00:44:25,733
Morgan Freeman: Scientists
have dated the universe to
804
00:44:25,734 --> 00:44:31,932
about 14 billion years,
best we can figure.
805
00:44:31,933 --> 00:44:35,933
Hindus have it at what?
806
00:44:36,233 --> 00:44:39,266
Benda paranjape: Hindus do
not believe in one creation.
807
00:44:39,267 --> 00:44:41,566
They say that these
are cycles of creation,
808
00:44:41,567 --> 00:44:43,332
Morgan Freeman: Ok.
809
00:44:43,333 --> 00:44:45,466
Benda paranjape: And the
primordial creation could be
810
00:44:45,467 --> 00:44:47,566
something like
8.6 billion years old.
811
00:44:47,567 --> 00:44:49,899
Actually, this whole creation,
812
00:44:49,900 --> 00:44:53,065
it is very difficult
to comprehend because we
813
00:44:53,066 --> 00:44:55,699
say that gods like brahma
has created the universe,
814
00:44:55,700 --> 00:44:57,199
but then they ask
a question,
815
00:44:57,200 --> 00:44:58,799
"who created brahma?"
816
00:44:58,800 --> 00:44:59,965
Morgan Freeman: Right.
817
00:44:59,966 --> 00:45:01,499
Benda paranjape: And then...
818
00:45:01,500 --> 00:45:03,032
Morgan Freeman: That's
always the question, though.
819
00:45:03,033 --> 00:45:05,799
Creation happened and
then the gods happened.
820
00:45:05,800 --> 00:45:08,132
Benda paranjape:
They say that the sages,
821
00:45:08,133 --> 00:45:09,599
when they were
in their trance,
822
00:45:09,600 --> 00:45:13,599
they got that revelation,
that how the creation happened.
823
00:45:13,600 --> 00:45:17,932
But since it isn't that
level of consciousness,
824
00:45:17,933 --> 00:45:20,965
you and me, we commoners
will not understand it,
825
00:45:20,966 --> 00:45:24,667
so we believe
that it's beyond us.
826
00:45:25,734 --> 00:45:27,999
Morgan Freeman: The hindu
philosophy is not to try to
827
00:45:28,000 --> 00:45:31,999
solve the riddle of creation
that happened long ago.
828
00:45:32,000 --> 00:45:34,366
It's to give thanks
every day for the forces
829
00:45:34,367 --> 00:45:38,799
that allow us to be here
and continue to sustain us,
830
00:45:38,800 --> 00:45:42,533
including the river Ganges.
831
00:45:42,534 --> 00:45:45,132
Benda paranjape: You
can come a little close.
832
00:45:45,133 --> 00:45:47,232
We are going to
see the ritual,
833
00:45:47,233 --> 00:45:48,865
which they call it aarti.
834
00:45:48,866 --> 00:45:50,332
Morgan Freeman: Aarti?
835
00:45:50,333 --> 00:45:52,366
Benda paranjape: Yeah,
it means showing the lamb
836
00:45:52,367 --> 00:45:55,366
to the god.
837
00:45:55,367 --> 00:45:57,266
Morgan Freeman: The
aarti has taken place on the
838
00:45:57,267 --> 00:45:59,332
banks of the holy
river every night for
839
00:45:59,333 --> 00:46:03,267
hundreds of years.
840
00:46:12,200 --> 00:46:14,865
Benda paranjape:
The prayer is that
841
00:46:14,866 --> 00:46:18,232
'god, you are like my father,
you are like my mother, '
842
00:46:18,233 --> 00:46:19,832
Morgan Freeman: My mother.
843
00:46:19,833 --> 00:46:21,799
Benda paranjape: 'My
whole existence is you.'
844
00:46:21,800 --> 00:46:23,799
Morgan Freeman: My
whole existence is you.
845
00:46:23,800 --> 00:46:25,299
Benda paranjape: You.
846
00:46:25,300 --> 00:46:26,965
I'm just like a shadow.
847
00:46:26,966 --> 00:46:28,633
Morgan Freeman: I am a vessel.
848
00:46:28,634 --> 00:46:30,266
Benda paranjape:
That contains you.
849
00:46:30,267 --> 00:46:33,099
That's wonderful.
850
00:46:33,100 --> 00:46:35,366
Morgan Freeman:
Seven priests offer
851
00:46:35,367 --> 00:46:37,599
all the
elements to ganga...
852
00:46:37,600 --> 00:46:43,566
Water, air, earth in
the form of flowers,
853
00:46:43,567 --> 00:46:47,166
and the most
important of all, light,
854
00:46:47,167 --> 00:46:50,567
which represents our souls.
855
00:47:00,333 --> 00:47:06,333
♪ ♪
856
00:47:08,767 --> 00:47:11,799
As the ceremony closes,
people gather at the water's
857
00:47:11,800 --> 00:47:15,599
edge to place the
light of their own souls
858
00:47:15,600 --> 00:47:17,499
in a tiny vessel.
859
00:47:17,500 --> 00:47:19,533
Benda paranjape: This
is our individual way of
860
00:47:19,534 --> 00:47:22,999
offering ourselves to
the river and, uh, candles
861
00:47:23,000 --> 00:47:25,999
that take our
soul to the river.
862
00:47:26,000 --> 00:47:27,432
Morgan Freeman: It's
the light of my soul.
863
00:47:27,433 --> 00:47:30,232
Benda paranjape: My soul
and it says that you take it
864
00:47:30,233 --> 00:47:35,400
wherever you
think it good for me.
865
00:47:45,567 --> 00:47:48,899
♪ ♪
866
00:47:48,900 --> 00:47:50,899
Morgan Freeman: The
hindu version of creation
867
00:47:50,900 --> 00:47:52,399
appeals to me.
868
00:47:52,400 --> 00:47:54,899
It says the gods
weren't even around at
869
00:47:54,900 --> 00:47:57,366
the original creation.
870
00:47:57,367 --> 00:48:01,733
They have this great
saying from the rigveda
871
00:48:01,734 --> 00:48:04,666
about the beginning.
872
00:48:04,667 --> 00:48:09,333
There was neither
non-existence nor existence.
873
00:48:11,767 --> 00:48:15,799
It's saying the idea is
beyond human definition,
874
00:48:15,800 --> 00:48:18,399
beyond human intellect.
875
00:48:18,400 --> 00:48:21,433
Just, accept it.
876
00:48:22,800 --> 00:48:24,866
[Explosion]
877
00:48:26,167 --> 00:48:28,766
Where did we come from?
878
00:48:28,767 --> 00:48:32,366
A man and a woman
banished from paradise,
879
00:48:32,367 --> 00:48:35,100
who began to work the land?
880
00:48:36,667 --> 00:48:39,299
Hero twins planting
the corn they need to
881
00:48:39,300 --> 00:48:42,332
start a civilization?
882
00:48:42,333 --> 00:48:46,466
A great river that gives
life to an entire people?
883
00:48:46,467 --> 00:48:49,533
These ideas about
where we came from are
884
00:48:49,534 --> 00:48:52,699
the oldest stories we have.
885
00:48:52,700 --> 00:48:55,266
They are shared words
and distant memories that
886
00:48:55,267 --> 00:48:58,667
form the glue of
our civilization.
887
00:48:58,866 --> 00:49:02,166
We don't all share the
same creation story.
888
00:49:02,167 --> 00:49:05,432
We all come from
different places,
889
00:49:05,433 --> 00:49:08,999
but all of us,
whatever we believe,
890
00:49:09,000 --> 00:49:12,299
can share in one thing,
891
00:49:12,300 --> 00:49:17,233
the wonder and gratitude
that we are here at all.
892
00:49:25,634 --> 00:49:30,032
It is my fervent hope
that people will open their
893
00:49:30,033 --> 00:49:34,599
hearts and
minds and see that,
894
00:49:34,600 --> 00:49:38,965
our beliefs don't
have to divide us.
895
00:49:38,966 --> 00:49:43,099
They have the
power to unite us,
896
00:49:43,100 --> 00:49:47,299
to allow us together to
achieve remarkable things.
897
00:49:47,300 --> 00:49:52,634
As it was in the beginning,
is now and ever shall be,
898
00:49:54,167 --> 00:49:58,167
world without end.
71102
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