All language subtitles for Our Planet - S01E01 - One Planet-eng
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[static crackling]
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[static crackling]
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[indistinct muffled radio chatter]
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[David Attenborough] Just 50 years ago,
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00:00:22,480 --> 00:00:25,400
we finally ventured to the moon.
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00:00:27,000 --> 00:00:33,074
Advertise your product or brand here
contact www.OpenSubtitles.org today
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For the very first time,
we look back at our own planet.
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00:00:52,385 --> 00:00:57,766
Since then, the human population
has more than doubled.
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00:01:03,271 --> 00:01:07,817
This series will celebrate
the natural wonders that remain,
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00:01:08,651 --> 00:01:11,362
and reveal what we must preserve
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00:01:11,738 --> 00:01:15,992
to ensure people and nature thrive.
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00:01:35,428 --> 00:01:38,264
When human beings
built their first settlements
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00:01:38,348 --> 00:01:40,475
some 10,000 years ago,
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00:01:41,267 --> 00:01:42,519
the world around them,
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00:01:43,394 --> 00:01:45,522
on the land and in the sea,
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00:01:45,605 --> 00:01:47,148
was full of life.
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00:02:05,166 --> 00:02:11,339
For generations, this stable Eden
nurtured our growing civilizations.
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00:02:16,010 --> 00:02:20,265
But now, in the space
of just one human lifetime,
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00:02:20,682 --> 00:02:22,767
all that has changed.
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00:02:26,354 --> 00:02:27,939
In the last 50 years,
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00:02:28,231 --> 00:02:32,944
wildlife populations have, on average,
declined by 60 percent.
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00:02:36,322 --> 00:02:38,658
For the first time in human history,
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00:02:39,117 --> 00:02:43,496
the stability of nature
can no longer be taken for granted.
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00:02:44,164 --> 00:02:45,498
[ice cracking]
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00:02:55,133 --> 00:02:57,969
But the natural world is resilient.
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00:02:59,429 --> 00:03:01,598
Great riches still remain.
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00:03:07,896 --> 00:03:11,983
And with our help, the planet can recover.
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00:03:16,237 --> 00:03:21,993
Never has it been more important
to understand how the natural world works,
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00:03:22,702 --> 00:03:24,078
and how to help it.
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[birds calling]
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00:03:43,514 --> 00:03:45,516
[waves crashing]
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Wildlife still flourishes
in astonishing numbers
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in a few precious places.
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Along the Peruvian coast of South America,
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00:04:02,492 --> 00:04:07,038
seabirds congregate
in colonies millions strong.
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00:04:11,209 --> 00:04:13,503
They come here to breed.
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00:04:19,634 --> 00:04:22,679
[birds calling]
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00:04:23,680 --> 00:04:26,808
Every morning,
the birds leave their colonies
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00:04:27,350 --> 00:04:31,062
to fish in one of the richest seas
on Earth.
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It is an astonishing daily migration
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00:04:44,826 --> 00:04:47,287
of five million birds.
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The huge flocks of cormorants and boobies
are all seeking one thing:
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00:05:01,634 --> 00:05:02,634
anchovies.
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00:05:05,096 --> 00:05:07,765
[water rushing]
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00:05:15,982 --> 00:05:18,943
The boobies carpet-bomb the shoals.
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00:05:27,785 --> 00:05:31,539
More and more birds
join the feeding frenzy.
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00:05:31,998 --> 00:05:33,750
[water splashing]
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00:05:33,833 --> 00:05:35,376
[classical music score plays]
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All in this immense assembly are here
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00:06:16,042 --> 00:06:19,962
because a powerful oceanic current,
the Humboldt,
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00:06:20,254 --> 00:06:22,090
sweeps up from the Antarctic,
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00:06:22,840 --> 00:06:26,761
bringing with it rich nutrients
from the ocean's depths.
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00:06:31,974 --> 00:06:35,311
90 percent of the life in the oceans
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00:06:35,520 --> 00:06:38,731
is found in the shallow seas
close to the coast.
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00:06:43,403 --> 00:06:44,821
Away from the land,
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00:06:45,279 --> 00:06:48,908
the seas, for the most part,
are a blue desert.
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00:06:50,243 --> 00:06:53,830
But even these distant waters
may be enriched
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00:06:53,913 --> 00:06:57,667
by a most unexpected connection
to the land.
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00:07:02,839 --> 00:07:04,424
Some deserts,
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often hundreds of kilometers
from the ocean,
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00:07:07,593 --> 00:07:11,264
provide the raw materials for life.
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00:07:12,974 --> 00:07:14,976
[wind blowing]
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00:07:21,774 --> 00:07:28,573
Every year, winds sweep up
two billion tons of dust into the sky.
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00:07:31,451 --> 00:07:35,580
At least a quarter of it
eventually falls on the sea,
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00:07:36,497 --> 00:07:40,751
providing nutrients
needed by the microscopic organisms
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00:07:41,085 --> 00:07:44,422
that are the foundations of ocean life.
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00:07:46,841 --> 00:07:48,551
[water splashing]
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00:07:55,057 --> 00:07:58,019
Dolphins explore the vast, open ocean
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00:07:58,311 --> 00:08:03,065
in search of the riches
that distant deserts may have nourished.
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00:08:05,776 --> 00:08:07,361
[dolphins spouting]
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00:08:12,283 --> 00:08:16,579
A shoal of mackerel
has discovered a swarm of krill...
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00:08:18,414 --> 00:08:20,124
the small crustaceans
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00:08:20,208 --> 00:08:23,544
that feed on the ocean's
floating microscopic plants.
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00:08:25,129 --> 00:08:28,966
But the mackerel themselves
are food for the dolphins.
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00:08:29,383 --> 00:08:31,552
[dolphins whistling]
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[water rushing]
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They drive the mackerel
towards the surface,
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00:08:48,569 --> 00:08:51,197
and into the range of birds.
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Shearwaters.
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00:08:56,827 --> 00:08:59,747
The wings that normally propel the birds
through the air
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00:08:59,830 --> 00:09:03,209
now drive them six meters down
through the water.
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[water rushing]
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Whilst the birds
pick off the top of the shoal...
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the dolphins attack the underside.
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[water rushing]
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00:09:31,571 --> 00:09:33,823
[dolphins whistling]
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[water rushing]
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After 20 minutes of feasting,
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the predators
from both the sea and the air
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have had their fill.
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00:10:21,037 --> 00:10:23,831
The stability of life on our planet
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relies on such connections
between different habitats.
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00:10:31,589 --> 00:10:34,717
Water evaporating
from the surface of the sea
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00:10:35,217 --> 00:10:38,137
condenses to form great clouds.
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00:10:40,848 --> 00:10:46,687
And these eventually
release the fresh water as rain.
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00:10:50,900 --> 00:10:56,530
But these life-giving rains
are not evenly spread over the land.
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00:11:04,038 --> 00:11:06,749
This vast salt pan in Africa
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is all that remains of an ancient lake.
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00:11:14,215 --> 00:11:17,551
It's totally waterless and oven-hot.
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00:11:18,636 --> 00:11:22,264
Few places on the land
are more hostile to life.
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00:11:29,063 --> 00:11:35,277
A few tracks cross it, made by animals
searching unsuccessfully for water.
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[snorting]
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00:11:55,589 --> 00:12:01,595
But very occasionally,
this whole landscape is transformed.
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[thunder rumbling]
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[thunderclap]
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00:12:20,531 --> 00:12:24,326
A huge deluge drenches the salt pan.
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00:12:26,787 --> 00:12:28,539
[rain pouring]
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00:12:28,956 --> 00:12:30,124
[thunder rumbling]
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Triggered by some unknown signal,
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00:12:43,220 --> 00:12:48,726
flocks of lesser flamingos
arrive from thousands of kilometers away.
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00:12:59,612 --> 00:13:02,239
The algae that the flamingos feed on
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00:13:02,573 --> 00:13:05,868
have lain dormant as spores in the dust.
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00:13:10,790 --> 00:13:12,500
But most importantly,
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the birds are here to breed.
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00:13:17,922 --> 00:13:22,760
Perfect conditions might occur
only once in a decade.
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[flamingos squawking]
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The birds nest on an island
far from the shore.
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[mud splashing]
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They build mounds of mud
that raise up their eggs
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00:13:38,108 --> 00:13:43,030
and so keep them just marginally cooler
than they would be at ground level.
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00:13:43,113 --> 00:13:44,740
[flamingos chattering]
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00:13:47,243 --> 00:13:50,204
The water surrounding the island
is so salty
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that predators do not venture into it.
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So the nests are safe.
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[squawking]
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00:14:00,297 --> 00:14:05,177
Thirty days later,
thousands of chicks start to hatch.
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00:14:18,649 --> 00:14:22,570
But there is no shelter
from the scorching sun.
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00:14:25,739 --> 00:14:29,159
The water that once surrounded
their island, protecting them,
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00:14:29,493 --> 00:14:31,245
has now dried up altogether.
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00:14:36,000 --> 00:14:38,586
[cheeping]
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00:14:38,669 --> 00:14:43,799
The last to hatch
step out into a desperately harsh world.
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- [chicks cheeping]
- [squawking]
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[squawking]
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00:14:57,396 --> 00:15:02,568
Somehow or other, the growing chicks
must find fresh water to drink.
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00:15:03,485 --> 00:15:05,154
- [cheeping]
- [squawking]
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00:15:07,114 --> 00:15:12,411
They cannot yet fly, so they must walk,
guided by some of the adults.
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00:15:26,759 --> 00:15:30,012
They may have to trek for 50 kilometers.
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00:15:55,245 --> 00:15:56,956
[frenzied cheeping and squawking]
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00:16:01,210 --> 00:16:03,963
Some... cannot keep up.
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00:16:09,593 --> 00:16:12,888
The salt has solidified around their legs.
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00:16:13,722 --> 00:16:14,722
[cheeps]
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00:16:44,878 --> 00:16:46,672
- [squawking]
- [splashing]
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00:16:49,299 --> 00:16:52,094
Most of the chicks,
in spite of everything,
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00:16:52,428 --> 00:16:54,263
and having walked for days,
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00:16:54,346 --> 00:16:56,724
eventually reach fresh water.
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00:17:03,188 --> 00:17:07,443
[frenzied squawking]
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00:17:17,453 --> 00:17:19,538
It is the end of a long journey...
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00:17:21,457 --> 00:17:26,295
but only the first of the trials
that will be imposed on these flamingos
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00:17:26,462 --> 00:17:29,048
by the irregularity of the rains.
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00:17:33,594 --> 00:17:36,096
- [rainfall]
- [snorting]
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00:17:39,308 --> 00:17:42,436
If rainfall is more predictable
and certain,
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00:17:42,519 --> 00:17:45,189
then life can flourish more richly,
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00:17:46,315 --> 00:17:49,568
both in numbers and variety.
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00:17:53,822 --> 00:17:59,453
The Serengeti plains in East Africa
support over a million wildebeest.
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00:17:59,828 --> 00:18:01,997
[grunting]
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00:18:02,456 --> 00:18:05,292
The herds follow the seasonal rains,
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00:18:05,584 --> 00:18:09,421
grazing on the newly-sprouting grass
that comes in their wake.
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00:18:09,797 --> 00:18:11,965
[grunting continues]
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00:18:20,182 --> 00:18:22,726
Each year, within a three-week period,
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00:18:23,018 --> 00:18:27,773
the females give birth
to over a quarter of a million calves.
161
00:18:34,988 --> 00:18:36,824
[bleating]
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00:18:36,907 --> 00:18:39,743
This youngster is just a few days old.
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00:18:40,869 --> 00:18:45,124
Playing strengthens its legs
for the long journey that lies ahead.
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00:18:55,759 --> 00:18:57,761
[grunting]
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00:19:16,697 --> 00:19:19,283
The calf must stay close to its mother.
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00:19:19,825 --> 00:19:22,202
Without her milk, it would starve.
167
00:19:22,286 --> 00:19:24,580
- [snorting]
- [grunting]
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00:19:26,415 --> 00:19:28,959
And the herds are always traveling,
169
00:19:30,085 --> 00:19:33,172
following the rains
as they drift across the plains
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00:19:33,881 --> 00:19:35,799
in order to find fresh grazing.
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00:19:39,845 --> 00:19:43,265
Eventually, they reach woodlands.
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00:19:43,682 --> 00:19:46,810
[birds chirping]
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00:19:46,894 --> 00:19:48,228
[grunting]
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00:20:02,159 --> 00:20:03,660
Hunting dogs.
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00:20:08,165 --> 00:20:11,168
Wildebeest calves are a favorite prey.
176
00:20:15,547 --> 00:20:17,382
And the dogs are hungry.
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00:20:32,064 --> 00:20:36,485
The calf must stay with its mother,
protected within the herd.
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00:21:07,683 --> 00:21:09,226
[wildebeest snorting]
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00:21:19,653 --> 00:21:22,030
The dogs have incredible stamina...
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00:21:25,993 --> 00:21:28,704
but the calf is defended by the herd.
181
00:21:37,504 --> 00:21:39,631
They need the calf on its own.
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00:21:40,841 --> 00:21:42,050
[snorting]
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00:21:42,134 --> 00:21:44,761
[hyenas panting]
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00:21:58,275 --> 00:22:01,987
The mother blocks the dogs,
shielding her calf.
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00:22:09,661 --> 00:22:11,621
It makes a run for safety.
186
00:22:22,632 --> 00:22:25,761
And it just manages
to get back to the herd.
187
00:22:52,496 --> 00:22:58,418
The future of this whole migration
depends on the regularity of the rains,
188
00:22:59,378 --> 00:23:04,132
but also on the continued existence
of the great open grasslands
189
00:23:04,299 --> 00:23:07,844
across which the herds
make their immense journeys.
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00:23:11,014 --> 00:23:13,183
- [insects chittering]
- [birds calling]
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00:23:15,602 --> 00:23:21,608
In places where rains fall abundantly
throughout the year, forests grow,
192
00:23:22,901 --> 00:23:25,070
and in the warmth of the tropics,
193
00:23:25,153 --> 00:23:28,573
they support
an unparalleled richness of life.
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00:23:28,657 --> 00:23:31,952
[overlapping animal vocalizations]
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00:23:32,035 --> 00:23:35,205
Half of all the species
of land-living animals
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00:23:35,288 --> 00:23:37,666
live in these stable worlds.
197
00:23:39,543 --> 00:23:41,253
[bird whistling]
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00:23:41,420 --> 00:23:44,714
The sheer diversity is breathtaking.
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00:23:50,679 --> 00:23:52,639
We still have not catalogued
200
00:23:52,722 --> 00:23:56,143
all the species that live
in the tropical forests.
201
00:24:10,699 --> 00:24:16,621
The relationships between them all
are multitudinous and complex.
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00:24:20,709 --> 00:24:22,169
[wings buzzing]
203
00:24:22,252 --> 00:24:26,339
Plants often depend on animals
to pollinate their flowers.
204
00:24:30,010 --> 00:24:31,928
And these intimate connections
205
00:24:32,012 --> 00:24:35,682
are just as important
as the great global ones.
206
00:24:35,765 --> 00:24:37,434
[buzzing]
207
00:24:45,442 --> 00:24:47,277
These are traps.
208
00:24:48,570 --> 00:24:50,739
Flowers shaped like buckets,
209
00:24:51,406 --> 00:24:52,782
produced by an orchid.
210
00:24:58,497 --> 00:24:59,789
[buzzing]
211
00:25:02,125 --> 00:25:07,255
Each red bucket is filled
with an oily liquid that drips from above.
212
00:25:12,928 --> 00:25:18,850
Male orchid bees need a rich perfume
with which to impress their females,
213
00:25:20,352 --> 00:25:22,562
and the orchids provide it.
214
00:25:25,941 --> 00:25:28,985
But the bucket is slippery,
215
00:25:31,988 --> 00:25:35,534
and the liquid
into which the bee has fallen is sticky.
216
00:25:39,454 --> 00:25:40,997
The only way to get out
217
00:25:42,415 --> 00:25:44,167
is through a narrow tunnel.
218
00:25:47,629 --> 00:25:51,007
As it emerges, the bee is gripped tight.
219
00:25:53,677 --> 00:25:56,179
And that gives enough time for the plant
220
00:25:56,930 --> 00:26:00,183
to glue pollen sacs on the bee's back.
221
00:26:03,728 --> 00:26:08,149
So the orchid has its pollen
taken to another plant...
222
00:26:10,610 --> 00:26:13,154
and the bee is rewarded with a perfume,
223
00:26:13,363 --> 00:26:16,116
with which, when it recovers its strength,
224
00:26:16,324 --> 00:26:18,201
it can woo a female.
225
00:26:22,831 --> 00:26:24,374
[water crashing]
226
00:26:25,625 --> 00:26:29,170
There are no pronounced seasons
in a rainforest.
227
00:26:32,674 --> 00:26:37,012
It produces food in one form or another
the year round.
228
00:26:41,141 --> 00:26:44,352
It's so rich
that the females of some birds
229
00:26:44,436 --> 00:26:47,856
are able to raise their young
entirely by themselves,
230
00:26:48,189 --> 00:26:52,777
and that allows the males to spend
their whole time attracting females...
231
00:26:53,486 --> 00:26:54,321
[cheeps]
232
00:26:54,404 --> 00:26:55,822
...as manakins do.
233
00:26:58,158 --> 00:27:00,452
There are over 50 different species,
234
00:27:00,535 --> 00:27:03,955
each with its own
highly elaborate dance routine.
235
00:27:06,041 --> 00:27:07,041
[cheeps]
236
00:27:11,671 --> 00:27:13,381
The golden-collared manakin
237
00:27:13,757 --> 00:27:16,259
starts by clearing his dance floor.
238
00:27:20,347 --> 00:27:21,347
[cheeps]
239
00:27:25,018 --> 00:27:28,188
A female arrives
and he starts his routine,
240
00:27:28,271 --> 00:27:30,565
rocketing from one perch to another.
241
00:27:30,649 --> 00:27:31,649
[fluttering]
242
00:27:32,734 --> 00:27:33,734
[cheeping]
243
00:27:35,111 --> 00:27:38,073
She checks out every detail.
244
00:27:47,248 --> 00:27:50,877
Finally, he performs his signature move.
245
00:27:51,711 --> 00:27:52,837
[tweets]
246
00:27:52,921 --> 00:27:54,297
The back-flip...
247
00:27:54,381 --> 00:27:55,381
[calls]
248
00:27:58,301 --> 00:27:59,511
...with twist.
249
00:28:03,139 --> 00:28:03,973
[calls]
250
00:28:04,057 --> 00:28:05,057
Perfection.
251
00:28:06,434 --> 00:28:08,269
- [cheeps]
- [whir of wings]
252
00:28:09,104 --> 00:28:13,024
The red-capped manakin
has a very different act.
253
00:28:14,234 --> 00:28:15,234
[cheeps]
254
00:28:16,361 --> 00:28:18,697
It's a kind of slither.
255
00:28:18,780 --> 00:28:19,656
[cheeps]
256
00:28:19,739 --> 00:28:21,658
[feet pattering]
257
00:28:22,242 --> 00:28:23,493
[cheeps]
258
00:28:26,246 --> 00:28:27,246
[cheeps]
259
00:28:28,873 --> 00:28:30,625
With wing snaps.
260
00:28:30,709 --> 00:28:31,543
[snap]
261
00:28:31,626 --> 00:28:32,752
[calls]
262
00:28:35,588 --> 00:28:37,298
- [cheep]
- [snap]
263
00:28:37,382 --> 00:28:38,842
[wings snapping]
264
00:28:43,304 --> 00:28:45,682
But it doesn't seem to be working.
265
00:28:48,226 --> 00:28:49,226
[cheeps]
266
00:28:53,231 --> 00:28:54,231
[tweets]
267
00:28:59,904 --> 00:29:01,239
[wings snapping]
268
00:29:02,824 --> 00:29:04,325
She's seen enough.
269
00:29:07,787 --> 00:29:09,164
[chirruping]
270
00:29:09,247 --> 00:29:13,668
The most complex routine
is that developed by the blue manakin.
271
00:29:15,462 --> 00:29:19,966
The lead male
is supported by three junior dancers.
272
00:29:20,425 --> 00:29:22,510
[calling]
273
00:29:22,594 --> 00:29:25,305
They practice together almost every day.
274
00:29:28,141 --> 00:29:29,517
During rehearsals,
275
00:29:29,601 --> 00:29:33,646
a young male in juvenile plumage
stands in for the female.
276
00:29:33,813 --> 00:29:35,482
[twittering]
277
00:29:38,735 --> 00:29:41,696
The dance
has to be perfectly synchronized.
278
00:29:42,739 --> 00:29:44,532
[high-pitched tweets]
279
00:29:47,160 --> 00:29:48,160
[chirrups]
280
00:29:48,203 --> 00:29:49,871
With the lead male happy...
281
00:29:53,208 --> 00:29:56,419
they're ready to present their dance
to a female.
282
00:29:58,630 --> 00:30:00,548
- [calling]
- [fluttering]
283
00:30:09,098 --> 00:30:13,520
In a carousel of movements,
each male takes his turn at the front.
284
00:30:14,395 --> 00:30:15,939
- [calling]
- [fluttering]
285
00:30:34,958 --> 00:30:37,794
The lead male performs the final move.
286
00:30:37,877 --> 00:30:39,420
[high-pitched tweets]
287
00:30:42,257 --> 00:30:43,508
Have they done enough?
288
00:30:45,510 --> 00:30:46,719
What's her decision?
289
00:30:46,803 --> 00:30:49,013
[chirruping]
290
00:30:53,351 --> 00:30:54,351
It's...
291
00:30:54,727 --> 00:30:55,812
a yes!
292
00:31:00,358 --> 00:31:01,985
A great team effort.
293
00:31:02,318 --> 00:31:04,946
[chirruping]
294
00:31:07,574 --> 00:31:12,495
Tropical forests cover
only seven percent of the planet's lands.
295
00:31:14,414 --> 00:31:18,084
Away from the tropics,
where the weather is seasonal and cooler,
296
00:31:18,501 --> 00:31:19,752
they're very different.
297
00:31:23,381 --> 00:31:26,968
The greatest of all is the boreal forest
298
00:31:27,635 --> 00:31:31,347
that extends right across North America
and Eurasia.
299
00:31:38,438 --> 00:31:41,983
It cannot grow
during the frigid grip of winter.
300
00:31:46,279 --> 00:31:48,948
The forests are a crucial refuge
301
00:31:49,407 --> 00:31:53,786
for the relatively few species
that are able to survive here.
302
00:32:01,753 --> 00:32:03,171
[wind howls]
303
00:32:03,254 --> 00:32:04,672
As winter approaches,
304
00:32:05,131 --> 00:32:08,593
caribou grazing on the open tundra
to the north
305
00:32:09,052 --> 00:32:13,431
head south to the forest
to seek food and shelter.
306
00:32:25,026 --> 00:32:29,906
Out here, temperatures may fall
below minus 40 degrees centigrade.
307
00:32:38,456 --> 00:32:42,835
The forest will give some protection
from the worst of the weather.
308
00:33:08,861 --> 00:33:13,241
But now the caribou
are not traveling alone.
309
00:33:22,834 --> 00:33:23,834
Wolves.
310
00:33:24,877 --> 00:33:27,255
They live in the forest year-round.
311
00:33:32,760 --> 00:33:36,597
And in the winter,
they specialize in hunting caribou.
312
00:33:51,487 --> 00:33:53,906
They must find the freshest tracks.
313
00:34:05,501 --> 00:34:08,880
They move fast by avoiding the deep snow,
314
00:34:09,547 --> 00:34:13,134
sticking to the hard-packed trails
made by the caribou.
315
00:34:18,473 --> 00:34:21,142
This wolf has found fresh scent.
316
00:34:31,486 --> 00:34:33,321
The caribou must be close.
317
00:34:43,748 --> 00:34:48,419
The herd chooses to stop to rest
on a frozen lake.
318
00:34:50,755 --> 00:34:54,217
Out in the open, they will be able to spot
approaching danger.
319
00:34:54,300 --> 00:34:57,095
[faint grunting]
320
00:34:58,096 --> 00:35:01,265
And sure enough, the wolves catch up.
321
00:35:08,314 --> 00:35:10,566
[caribou bleating]
322
00:35:15,738 --> 00:35:17,949
They start to test the caribou,
323
00:35:18,866 --> 00:35:20,576
probing for any weakness.
324
00:35:21,494 --> 00:35:23,246
[rapid bleating]
325
00:35:33,631 --> 00:35:35,091
Out on the open lake,
326
00:35:36,050 --> 00:35:38,594
the caribou can outrun the wolves...
327
00:35:45,393 --> 00:35:48,354
so the wolves drive them back
into the forest.
328
00:35:56,571 --> 00:36:01,534
Here, in the deep snow,
progress is much harder and slower.
329
00:36:05,955 --> 00:36:07,498
[bleating]
330
00:36:10,668 --> 00:36:14,881
And, hidden by the trees,
the wolves can get closer.
331
00:36:20,678 --> 00:36:22,346
The hunt is on.
332
00:36:23,431 --> 00:36:24,974
[bleating]
333
00:36:26,350 --> 00:36:28,978
[snorting]
334
00:36:32,481 --> 00:36:34,859
[bleating]
335
00:36:34,942 --> 00:36:38,988
The pack must decide
which particular caribou to target
336
00:36:40,865 --> 00:36:42,408
and which trail to take.
337
00:36:49,665 --> 00:36:51,250
As the caribou scatter,
338
00:36:53,461 --> 00:36:56,214
the leading wolf takes a wrong turn.
339
00:36:59,967 --> 00:37:04,764
It's a crucial mistake,
and the wolves abandon the chase.
340
00:37:14,065 --> 00:37:18,402
With the coming of spring,
the caribou will head north once more,
341
00:37:18,653 --> 00:37:21,614
leaving the wolves and the forest behind.
342
00:37:24,617 --> 00:37:29,747
They will travel 600 kilometers,
crossing mountains to reach the tundra,
343
00:37:30,039 --> 00:37:32,875
where the spring grass
will be sprouting again,
344
00:37:33,417 --> 00:37:34,835
and they can give birth.
345
00:37:37,380 --> 00:37:42,218
But these migrations
are a shadow of what they once were.
346
00:37:44,345 --> 00:37:48,307
The herd has lost
nearly 70 percent of its numbers
347
00:37:48,391 --> 00:37:50,268
in the last 20 years.
348
00:37:53,312 --> 00:37:58,150
Their world and all of our planet
is now changing fast.
349
00:38:05,032 --> 00:38:07,660
At the furthest polar extremes
350
00:38:08,286 --> 00:38:13,541
lie the frozen wildernesses
of Antarctica and the Arctic.
351
00:38:18,087 --> 00:38:21,173
Though they may seem remote
to many of us,
352
00:38:21,966 --> 00:38:27,388
the stability of these icy wastes
is crucial to all life on the planet.
353
00:38:33,185 --> 00:38:39,025
But in just 70 years,
things have changed at a frightening pace.
354
00:38:41,569 --> 00:38:46,449
The polar regions are warming faster
than any other part of the planet.
355
00:38:53,622 --> 00:38:57,710
The Arctic in the north is a frozen ocean,
356
00:38:59,670 --> 00:39:03,466
and the sea ice,
on which all life here depends,
357
00:39:04,508 --> 00:39:05,634
is disappearing.
358
00:39:13,184 --> 00:39:15,644
[panting]
359
00:39:21,525 --> 00:39:22,777
Polar bears
360
00:39:23,361 --> 00:39:27,406
specialize in hunting seals
out on the frozen ocean.
361
00:39:33,120 --> 00:39:38,042
But that world is now, literally,
melting beneath their feet.
362
00:39:42,338 --> 00:39:44,799
The sea ice breaks up every year,
363
00:39:45,341 --> 00:39:47,385
but now this is happening earlier,
364
00:39:47,718 --> 00:39:51,347
and the bears' limited hunting season
is getting shorter.
365
00:39:53,849 --> 00:39:57,103
This is already having a profound impact.
366
00:40:01,023 --> 00:40:02,525
[gentle snorting]
367
00:40:09,532 --> 00:40:11,951
Cubs are growing up underweight,
368
00:40:14,161 --> 00:40:16,580
which reduces their chances of survival.
369
00:40:19,083 --> 00:40:20,584
[snuffling]
370
00:40:35,099 --> 00:40:37,643
Within the lifetime of these cubs,
371
00:40:37,726 --> 00:40:42,731
the Arctic in summer
could be largely free of sea ice.
372
00:40:45,568 --> 00:40:46,986
[gentle snorting]
373
00:40:58,831 --> 00:41:02,251
It's not just the sea ice
that is vanishing.
374
00:41:03,878 --> 00:41:08,174
The ice that lies on land
is also changing fast.
375
00:41:12,803 --> 00:41:14,847
This is Greenland,
376
00:41:15,681 --> 00:41:20,853
a vast expanse of ice
one-fifth the size of the United States.
377
00:41:28,068 --> 00:41:31,614
This glacial ice,
together with the sea ice,
378
00:41:31,906 --> 00:41:37,077
protects our planet by reflecting
solar radiation away from the surface
379
00:41:37,286 --> 00:41:40,289
and so preventing the Earth
from overheating.
380
00:41:45,878 --> 00:41:48,881
But the Arctic is warming dramatically.
381
00:41:56,430 --> 00:42:00,893
The leading edge of the Store Glacier
may appear to be motionless,
382
00:42:02,102 --> 00:42:06,106
but glaciers can move
at up to 45 meters a day.
383
00:42:06,232 --> 00:42:08,192
[ice rumbling]
384
00:42:13,072 --> 00:42:18,035
Where this one meets the sea,
it towers 100 meters above the water,
385
00:42:19,537 --> 00:42:22,831
and continues downward
for another 400 meters
386
00:42:22,915 --> 00:42:24,333
beneath the surface.
387
00:42:29,505 --> 00:42:31,382
[ice cracking]
388
00:42:40,599 --> 00:42:42,142
[waves rushing]
389
00:43:07,876 --> 00:43:12,840
Over the last 20 years,
Greenland has been losing ice.
390
00:43:19,138 --> 00:43:22,766
And the rate of loss is accelerating.
391
00:43:25,185 --> 00:43:26,729
[ice rumbling]
392
00:43:31,942 --> 00:43:33,777
[crashing]
393
00:43:38,073 --> 00:43:41,452
These massive icefalls
from the top of the glacier
394
00:43:41,827 --> 00:43:43,370
are just the beginnings
395
00:43:43,829 --> 00:43:45,789
of a far greater event.
396
00:43:47,458 --> 00:43:49,668
[icefalls crashing in distance]
397
00:43:50,586 --> 00:43:55,215
A stretch of the front face of the glacier
over a kilometer long
398
00:43:55,299 --> 00:43:57,343
is starting to break away.
399
00:43:57,426 --> 00:43:59,053
[ice rumbling]
400
00:44:01,889 --> 00:44:03,307
[ice crashing]
401
00:44:08,520 --> 00:44:11,190
From 400 meters beneath the surface,
402
00:44:11,732 --> 00:44:14,652
the hidden ice is surging upwards.
403
00:44:17,196 --> 00:44:18,822
[waves rushing]
404
00:44:30,876 --> 00:44:32,628
[crashing]
405
00:44:32,711 --> 00:44:36,590
The breakaway of an iceberg
the size of a skyscraper
406
00:44:37,633 --> 00:44:40,678
generates a colossal tidal wave.
407
00:44:42,262 --> 00:44:44,014
[wave rushing]
408
00:44:56,652 --> 00:44:58,904
- [crashing]
- [rumbling]
409
00:45:15,671 --> 00:45:17,673
[classical music score plays]
410
00:45:56,670 --> 00:46:02,885
Within 20 minutes,
75 million tons of ice break free.
411
00:46:10,100 --> 00:46:13,771
Glaciers have always released ice
into the ocean,
412
00:46:14,938 --> 00:46:18,192
but now this is happening
nearly twice as fast
413
00:46:18,275 --> 00:46:20,360
as it did ten years ago.
414
00:46:23,572 --> 00:46:29,119
Around the world, ice is now feeding
vast amounts of fresh water into the sea,
415
00:46:29,828 --> 00:46:35,626
raising sea levels, changing salinity,
and disrupting ocean currents.
416
00:46:39,004 --> 00:46:44,343
Without the Humboldt Current,
the coast of Peru would fall silent.
417
00:46:45,803 --> 00:46:48,889
The seabird spectacle would be no more.
418
00:47:00,526 --> 00:47:05,489
All across our planet,
crucial connections are being disrupted.
419
00:47:09,409 --> 00:47:14,665
The stability that we
and all life relies upon is being lost.
420
00:47:18,043 --> 00:47:21,088
What we do in the next 20 years
421
00:47:22,422 --> 00:47:26,635
will determine the future
for all life on Earth.
422
00:47:35,435 --> 00:47:40,566
The rest of this series will explore
the planet's most important habitats,
423
00:47:42,067 --> 00:47:45,779
and celebrate the life they still support.
424
00:47:53,370 --> 00:47:56,790
We will reveal what must be preserved
425
00:47:56,999 --> 00:48:03,672
if we are to ensure a future
where humans and nature can thrive.
426
00:48:13,807 --> 00:48:19,605
Please visit ourplanet.com to find out
how our planet can thrive again.
427
00:48:22,941 --> 00:48:24,693
[Ellie Goulding:
"In This Together"]
428
00:48:24,776 --> 00:48:29,239
♪ I can hear the whole world
Singing together ♪
429
00:48:31,533 --> 00:48:37,748
♪ I can hear the whole world say
"It's now or never" ♪
430
00:48:40,292 --> 00:48:44,713
♪ 'Cause it's not too late
If we change our ways ♪
431
00:48:44,796 --> 00:48:48,467
♪ And connect the dots to our problems ♪
432
00:48:48,550 --> 00:48:54,598
♪ I can hear the whole world say
"We're in this together" ♪
433
00:48:54,681 --> 00:48:56,683
♪ We're in this together ♪
434
00:48:57,059 --> 00:49:01,355
[vocalizing]
435
00:49:02,305 --> 00:49:08,254
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