Would you like to inspect the original subtitles? These are the user uploaded subtitles that are being translated:
1
00:00:05,000 --> 00:00:07,000
I, John Fitzgerald Kennedy,
2
00:00:07,000 --> 00:00:08,000
do solemnly swear...
3
00:00:08,000 --> 00:00:10,000
Just over 100 years
4
00:00:10,000 --> 00:00:14,000
after his family first
set foot in the country,
5
00:00:14,000 --> 00:00:16,000
John F. Kennedy becomes president
6
00:00:16,000 --> 00:00:18,000
of the United States of America.
7
00:00:21,000 --> 00:00:24,000
The Kennedys have achieved their dream.
8
00:00:24,000 --> 00:00:27,000
But in his first year in the white house,
9
00:00:27,000 --> 00:00:29,000
jfk learns
10
00:00:29,000 --> 00:00:31,000
winning power is one thing,
11
00:00:31,000 --> 00:00:34,000
wielding it is another.
12
00:00:37,000 --> 00:00:40,000
Engulfed by violence at home
13
00:00:40,000 --> 00:00:42,000
and conflict around the world,
14
00:00:44,000 --> 00:00:47,000
he turns to those he trusts the most:
15
00:00:49,000 --> 00:00:51,000
Family.
16
00:01:54,000 --> 00:01:58,000
The day of the inauguration
was very, very cold.
17
00:01:58,000 --> 00:02:02,000
We were on the structure
where all the press were,
18
00:02:02,000 --> 00:02:03,000
freezing cold.
19
00:02:03,000 --> 00:02:06,000
But it was a moment of great pride
20
00:02:06,000 --> 00:02:08,000
for our family.
21
00:02:10,000 --> 00:02:12,000
John Fitzgerald Kennedy
22
00:02:12,000 --> 00:02:14,000
is making history:
23
00:02:14,000 --> 00:02:16,000
He is about to be sworn in
24
00:02:16,000 --> 00:02:20,000
as america's youngest elected president.
25
00:02:20,000 --> 00:02:24,000
Jfk arrived when he became president.
26
00:02:24,000 --> 00:02:27,000
What a big satisfaction
27
00:02:27,000 --> 00:02:29,000
and relief for the family.
28
00:02:30,000 --> 00:02:32,000
We had this beautiful couple
29
00:02:32,000 --> 00:02:33,000
in Jackie and Jack
30
00:02:33,000 --> 00:02:36,000
that believed in trying new things,
31
00:02:37,000 --> 00:02:38,000
seeing new worlds,
32
00:02:38,000 --> 00:02:40,000
and believing in the promise of america,
33
00:02:40,000 --> 00:02:43,000
in a way that that had not been said
34
00:02:43,000 --> 00:02:45,000
or thought of previously.
35
00:02:48,000 --> 00:02:50,000
I, John Fitzgerald Kennedy,
36
00:02:50,000 --> 00:02:51,000
do solemnly swear
37
00:02:51,000 --> 00:02:52,000
that I will faithfully execute
38
00:02:52,000 --> 00:02:55,000
the office of president
of the United States.
39
00:02:57,000 --> 00:02:58,000
For the family,
40
00:02:58,000 --> 00:03:00,000
having a Kennedy in the white house,
41
00:03:00,000 --> 00:03:05,000
it's the inauguration of their ambition.
42
00:03:06,000 --> 00:03:09,000
Jack is cheered on by his family:
43
00:03:09,000 --> 00:03:11,000
The president's brothers,
44
00:03:11,000 --> 00:03:13,000
his sisters,
45
00:03:13,000 --> 00:03:15,000
his mother, Rose,
46
00:03:15,000 --> 00:03:16,000
his wife, Jackie,
47
00:03:16,000 --> 00:03:21,000
and the patriarch himself,
Joseph p. Kennedy.
48
00:03:21,000 --> 00:03:23,000
Joe Kennedy, who had been
49
00:03:23,000 --> 00:03:27,000
the behind-the-scenes
strategist, architect,
50
00:03:27,000 --> 00:03:32,000
stood up and doffed
his top hat to Kennedy.
51
00:03:32,000 --> 00:03:34,000
He's waving to his father.
52
00:03:34,000 --> 00:03:36,000
And it was a great moment
53
00:03:36,000 --> 00:03:39,000
that showed his paternal pride.
54
00:03:39,000 --> 00:03:41,000
Let every nation know,
55
00:03:42,000 --> 00:03:45,000
whether it wishes US well or ill,
56
00:03:47,000 --> 00:03:50,000
that we shall pay any price
57
00:03:50,000 --> 00:03:53,000
to assure the survival
and the success of Liberty.
58
00:03:53,000 --> 00:03:56,000
And so, my fellow Americans,
59
00:03:56,000 --> 00:04:00,000
ask not what your country can do for you,
60
00:04:01,000 --> 00:04:03,000
ask what you can do for your country.
61
00:04:07,000 --> 00:04:08,000
There was just a sense that
62
00:04:08,000 --> 00:04:10,000
we could see a different world.
63
00:04:14,000 --> 00:04:16,000
The torch has passed
to the new generation,
64
00:04:16,000 --> 00:04:18,000
who were focused on
65
00:04:18,000 --> 00:04:19,000
what the future would bring.
66
00:04:21,000 --> 00:04:24,000
Invitations to the inaugural celebrations
67
00:04:24,000 --> 00:04:26,000
are the hottest tickets in town.
68
00:04:28,000 --> 00:04:32,000
The stars come out in full force for jfk:
69
00:04:32,000 --> 00:04:35,000
Tony Curtis, Janet Leigh,
70
00:04:35,000 --> 00:04:38,000
gene Kelly, and frank Sinatra.
71
00:04:38,000 --> 00:04:41,000
One of the things that
the Kennedys did well
72
00:04:41,000 --> 00:04:44,000
was to bring Hollywood to Washington.
73
00:04:44,000 --> 00:04:47,000
They understood performance.
74
00:04:47,000 --> 00:04:49,000
They understood style.
75
00:04:49,000 --> 00:04:51,000
The Kennedy administration
was the rat pack '60s.
76
00:04:54,000 --> 00:04:56,000
Jackie actually appeared
77
00:04:56,000 --> 00:04:59,000
in a white gown that she had designed
78
00:04:59,000 --> 00:05:00,000
to set her apart,
79
00:05:00,000 --> 00:05:02,000
and it was a very tight sheath
80
00:05:02,000 --> 00:05:03,000
in comparison to all these women
81
00:05:03,000 --> 00:05:07,000
in these big skirted gowns.
82
00:05:07,000 --> 00:05:10,000
Here comes Mrs. Joseph p. Kennedy,
83
00:05:10,000 --> 00:05:13,000
the mother of the president
of the United States.
84
00:05:13,000 --> 00:05:15,000
On the road to the white house,
85
00:05:15,000 --> 00:05:17,000
Rose Kennedy has campaigned tirelessly
86
00:05:17,000 --> 00:05:19,000
to get her son elected.
87
00:05:24,000 --> 00:05:26,000
It's important to keep in mind
88
00:05:26,000 --> 00:05:29,000
that Rose Kennedy evidently had
89
00:05:30,000 --> 00:05:32,000
dynastic ambitions for the family.
90
00:05:32,000 --> 00:05:34,000
This is not just the story
91
00:05:34,000 --> 00:05:36,000
of Joseph p. Kennedy,
92
00:05:36,000 --> 00:05:39,000
prominent, pushing father.
93
00:05:39,000 --> 00:05:41,000
This is a joint effort
94
00:05:41,000 --> 00:05:44,000
on the part of both Joseph
p. Kennedy and Rose.
95
00:05:55,000 --> 00:05:57,000
Jack's brother Robert and wife Ethel
96
00:05:57,000 --> 00:06:00,000
join in the family's triumph.
97
00:06:00,000 --> 00:06:02,000
Bobby had been Jack's campaign manager,
98
00:06:02,000 --> 00:06:04,000
and their father is adamant
99
00:06:04,000 --> 00:06:05,000
he's handed an important role
100
00:06:06,000 --> 00:06:07,000
in the new administration.
101
00:06:08,000 --> 00:06:10,000
Joe Kennedy let Jack
102
00:06:10,000 --> 00:06:11,000
choose his cabinet -
103
00:06:11,000 --> 00:06:13,000
with one exception.
104
00:06:13,000 --> 00:06:16,000
Joe insisted
105
00:06:16,000 --> 00:06:18,000
that the next Attorney General
106
00:06:18,000 --> 00:06:20,000
be Robert Kennedy.
107
00:06:23,000 --> 00:06:25,000
One cold December morning,
108
00:06:25,000 --> 00:06:27,000
the president gets Bobby Kennedy
109
00:06:27,000 --> 00:06:30,000
up in his house in Georgetown
110
00:06:30,000 --> 00:06:33,000
and tells him he's going
to be appointing him
111
00:06:33,000 --> 00:06:34,000
as Attorney General,
112
00:06:34,000 --> 00:06:35,000
and he says,
113
00:06:35,000 --> 00:06:37,000
"Bobby, grab your balls. Let's go."
114
00:06:40,000 --> 00:06:42,000
Jfk stops at the door and says,
115
00:06:42,000 --> 00:06:44,000
"hey, comb your hair."
116
00:06:48,000 --> 00:06:50,000
Bobby, for most of his career
117
00:06:50,000 --> 00:06:51,000
a senate investigator,
118
00:06:52,000 --> 00:06:54,000
is announced to the world as the new head
119
00:06:54,000 --> 00:06:57,000
of america's criminal justice system.
120
00:07:01,000 --> 00:07:03,000
In looking for an Attorney General
121
00:07:03,000 --> 00:07:06,000
who must lead the
fight for law enforcement,
122
00:07:06,000 --> 00:07:08,000
who must administer our laws
123
00:07:08,000 --> 00:07:09,000
without favor
124
00:07:09,000 --> 00:07:12,000
and with matchless integrity,
125
00:07:12,000 --> 00:07:13,000
I have turned to a man
126
00:07:13,000 --> 00:07:15,000
in whom I have found these qualities.
127
00:07:16,000 --> 00:07:18,000
It was an act of outrageous,
128
00:07:18,000 --> 00:07:20,000
brazen nepotism.
129
00:07:21,000 --> 00:07:22,000
Bobby, who had never tried
130
00:07:23,000 --> 00:07:24,000
a case in a court of law,
131
00:07:24,000 --> 00:07:26,000
may have been, in American history,
132
00:07:26,000 --> 00:07:29,000
the least prepared person
to be Attorney General.
133
00:07:29,000 --> 00:07:32,000
I am pleased to accept the position
134
00:07:32,000 --> 00:07:34,000
of the attorney generalship
135
00:07:34,000 --> 00:07:36,000
of the United States.
136
00:07:36,000 --> 00:07:37,000
I understand and realize
137
00:07:38,000 --> 00:07:39,000
the great problems and difficulties
138
00:07:39,000 --> 00:07:41,000
that will be facing all of US
139
00:07:41,000 --> 00:07:43,000
in that position.
140
00:07:43,000 --> 00:07:46,000
What was really kind
of stunning at the time?
141
00:07:46,000 --> 00:07:49,000
Barely a peep of objection.
142
00:07:49,000 --> 00:07:52,000
I mean, the press went
completely along with it.
143
00:07:52,000 --> 00:07:54,000
Bobby didn't want to be Attorney General.
144
00:07:54,000 --> 00:07:57,000
Jack didn't want his brother
to be Attorney General.
145
00:07:58,000 --> 00:08:00,000
Nobody thought it was a good idea,
146
00:08:00,000 --> 00:08:02,000
but Joe insisted.
147
00:08:04,000 --> 00:08:08,000
Joe knew that Jack,
148
00:08:08,000 --> 00:08:11,000
a newcomer to the presidency,
149
00:08:11,000 --> 00:08:13,000
needed someone to watch his back,
150
00:08:13,000 --> 00:08:16,000
someone to protect him.
151
00:08:16,000 --> 00:08:18,000
He knew that the responsibilities
152
00:08:18,000 --> 00:08:21,000
that were now going to be
put on his son's shoulders
153
00:08:21,000 --> 00:08:24,000
were absolutely enormous.
154
00:08:33,000 --> 00:08:35,000
The country is really
155
00:08:35,000 --> 00:08:38,000
swept away by jfk and Jackie
156
00:08:38,000 --> 00:08:40,000
in a way that the country has never been
157
00:08:40,000 --> 00:08:43,000
swept away before by anybody in office.
158
00:08:44,000 --> 00:08:46,000
Jack is at the forefront,
159
00:08:46,000 --> 00:08:48,000
and he brings with him
160
00:08:48,000 --> 00:08:50,000
his beautiful wife
161
00:08:50,000 --> 00:08:53,000
and his amazing family.
162
00:08:56,000 --> 00:08:58,000
The Kennedys have two young children:
163
00:08:58,000 --> 00:09:00,000
Three-year-old Caroline
164
00:09:00,000 --> 00:09:02,000
and baby John junior.
165
00:09:07,000 --> 00:09:09,000
No one could remember
166
00:09:09,000 --> 00:09:11,000
seeing children in the white house.
167
00:09:12,000 --> 00:09:13,000
There are suddenly playthings around,
168
00:09:13,000 --> 00:09:15,000
there are animals, there are toys
169
00:09:15,000 --> 00:09:17,000
strewn on the floor.
170
00:09:17,000 --> 00:09:21,000
It's a beautiful and welcoming image.
171
00:09:25,000 --> 00:09:26,000
If it's not presumptuous,
172
00:09:26,000 --> 00:09:28,000
Mrs. Kennedy, what about your role
173
00:09:28,000 --> 00:09:29,000
as a mother and a wife?
174
00:09:29,000 --> 00:09:31,000
Yes, I think it doesn't
matter what else you do
175
00:09:31,000 --> 00:09:33,000
if you don't do that part well,
176
00:09:34,000 --> 00:09:36,000
if you fail your husband
and your children.
177
00:09:38,000 --> 00:09:40,000
That really is the role
178
00:09:40,000 --> 00:09:41,000
which means the most to me.
179
00:09:41,000 --> 00:09:43,000
She was gutsy!
180
00:09:43,000 --> 00:09:45,000
I mean, she's really young.
181
00:09:46,000 --> 00:09:47,000
What was she? Thirty-one or something?
182
00:09:47,000 --> 00:09:49,000
I mean, so young.
183
00:09:49,000 --> 00:09:51,000
Has it been more
difficult, though, honestly,
184
00:09:51,000 --> 00:09:54,000
to fulfill this role?
185
00:09:54,000 --> 00:09:55,000
Since we've been in the white house?
186
00:09:55,000 --> 00:09:56,000
Yes, ma'am.
187
00:09:57,000 --> 00:09:59,000
No. My husband loves a challenge,
188
00:09:59,000 --> 00:10:02,000
and I do too.
189
00:10:02,000 --> 00:10:04,000
He set me a good example,
190
00:10:04,000 --> 00:10:06,000
so...
191
00:10:07,000 --> 00:10:09,000
Let's hope it works out.
192
00:10:11,000 --> 00:10:14,000
The president's sister eunice shriver
193
00:10:14,000 --> 00:10:17,000
approaches his door with some trepidation.
194
00:10:17,000 --> 00:10:18,000
The Kennedy sisters
195
00:10:18,000 --> 00:10:21,000
find themselves in a
more formal relationship
196
00:10:21,000 --> 00:10:22,000
with brother Jack.
197
00:10:23,000 --> 00:10:24,000
The president autographs pictures
198
00:10:24,000 --> 00:10:26,000
for his sisters
199
00:10:26,000 --> 00:10:27,000
and their children.
200
00:10:28,000 --> 00:10:30,000
Yeah.
201
00:10:31,000 --> 00:10:33,000
But in signing autographs for the family,
202
00:10:33,000 --> 00:10:37,000
the president finds it
hard not to be presidential.
203
00:10:43,000 --> 00:10:45,000
No!
204
00:10:51,000 --> 00:10:52,000
Joe Kennedy -
205
00:10:52,000 --> 00:10:56,000
the brains and money
behind his son's campaign -
206
00:10:56,000 --> 00:11:00,000
retreats to the family homes
in Florida and hyannis port.
207
00:11:00,000 --> 00:11:02,000
Joe Kennedy knew
208
00:11:02,000 --> 00:11:05,000
he had to be very careful
209
00:11:05,000 --> 00:11:08,000
not to rain on his son's parade.
210
00:11:08,000 --> 00:11:11,000
He decided very early on
211
00:11:11,000 --> 00:11:13,000
that he was not gonna
visit the white house,
212
00:11:13,000 --> 00:11:17,000
he was not gonna appear
in public with his son.
213
00:11:17,000 --> 00:11:19,000
He didn't want anybody to think
214
00:11:19,000 --> 00:11:22,000
that Jack Kennedy was not his own man.
215
00:11:24,000 --> 00:11:26,000
Jack knows that, traditionally,
216
00:11:26,000 --> 00:11:28,000
American presidents are judged
217
00:11:28,000 --> 00:11:31,000
by their first 100 days.
218
00:11:31,000 --> 00:11:32,000
Jack Kennedy saw himself
219
00:11:32,000 --> 00:11:34,000
as an historic figure.
220
00:11:34,000 --> 00:11:37,000
He saw himself as somebody
who could lead the country
221
00:11:37,000 --> 00:11:39,000
into a new golden age.
222
00:11:39,000 --> 00:11:44,000
Now, it was a golden age tinged by shadow,
223
00:11:44,000 --> 00:11:49,000
because 1961 was the
height - or the depth -
224
00:11:49,000 --> 00:11:50,000
of the cold war.
225
00:11:53,000 --> 00:11:55,000
America and the Soviet union
226
00:11:55,000 --> 00:11:58,000
are locked in a Titanic
ideological struggle.
227
00:11:59,000 --> 00:12:02,000
The US is terrified of
the spread of communism
228
00:12:03,000 --> 00:12:06,000
as it reaches the nation's back yard.
229
00:12:07,000 --> 00:12:11,000
Cuba is under the control
of the fiery revolutionary,
230
00:12:11,000 --> 00:12:13,000
fidel Castro.
231
00:12:13,000 --> 00:12:16,000
He was not only a communist and a marxist,
232
00:12:16,000 --> 00:12:17,000
but he was going to align himself
233
00:12:17,000 --> 00:12:18,000
with the Soviet union,
234
00:12:18,000 --> 00:12:22,000
on an island 90 miles
from the coast of Florida.
235
00:12:22,000 --> 00:12:25,000
The moment Jack becomes president,
236
00:12:25,000 --> 00:12:27,000
the CIA present him with their plan
237
00:12:27,000 --> 00:12:30,000
to bring down the Cuban leader.
238
00:12:30,000 --> 00:12:32,000
The bay of pigs was
a plot that was hatched
239
00:12:32,000 --> 00:12:34,000
during the eisenhower administration.
240
00:12:34,000 --> 00:12:36,000
The idea was
241
00:12:36,000 --> 00:12:39,000
to train some Cuban exiles
242
00:12:39,000 --> 00:12:40,000
to invade Cuba
243
00:12:40,000 --> 00:12:42,000
on the assumption that, on their arrival,
244
00:12:43,000 --> 00:12:45,000
there would be a popular uprising
245
00:12:45,000 --> 00:12:49,000
and fidel Castro would be thrown out.
246
00:12:49,000 --> 00:12:51,000
Kennedy was suspicious about
247
00:12:51,000 --> 00:12:53,000
the viability of this plan
248
00:12:53,000 --> 00:12:55,000
and the wisdom of this plan
249
00:12:55,000 --> 00:12:57,000
up until, essentially, the last moment.
250
00:12:57,000 --> 00:12:58,000
Reluctantly,
251
00:12:58,000 --> 00:13:01,000
Jack gives the go-ahead
for the operation -
252
00:13:01,000 --> 00:13:03,000
with one crucial condition.
253
00:13:03,000 --> 00:13:05,000
He did not want it to be clear
254
00:13:05,000 --> 00:13:07,000
that the United States
was supporting this.
255
00:13:07,000 --> 00:13:10,000
He wanted it to be a quiet invasion.
256
00:13:12,000 --> 00:13:16,000
It turns out to be an
unmitigated disaster.
257
00:13:17,000 --> 00:13:18,000
Early morning hours,
258
00:13:18,000 --> 00:13:20,000
Kennedy is pulled away
259
00:13:20,000 --> 00:13:23,000
from a soir�e at the white house.
260
00:13:23,000 --> 00:13:24,000
The president, in white tie,
261
00:13:24,000 --> 00:13:26,000
at two o'clock in the morning,
262
00:13:26,000 --> 00:13:28,000
is meeting with his generals.
263
00:13:30,000 --> 00:13:34,000
The Cuban exiles were
being attacked by tanks.
264
00:13:36,000 --> 00:13:40,000
They were going to be driven into the sea.
265
00:13:40,000 --> 00:13:41,000
Back in Washington,
266
00:13:42,000 --> 00:13:44,000
the US Navy and the deputy CIA director
267
00:13:44,000 --> 00:13:48,000
are basically saying,
"let US invade Cuba."
268
00:13:48,000 --> 00:13:50,000
The CIA had the notion
269
00:13:50,000 --> 00:13:52,000
president Kennedy
would send in the marines,
270
00:13:52,000 --> 00:13:54,000
he would come to the rescue.
271
00:13:54,000 --> 00:13:55,000
But that's not what happens.
272
00:13:55,000 --> 00:13:56,000
Kennedy says,
273
00:13:56,000 --> 00:13:59,000
"this was supposed
to be a covert operation
274
00:13:59,000 --> 00:14:02,000
in which the US hand did not show.
275
00:14:02,000 --> 00:14:05,000
We are not going to invade Cuba
276
00:14:05,000 --> 00:14:07,000
and attack Cuba ourselves
277
00:14:07,000 --> 00:14:08,000
to salvage this operation."
278
00:14:13,000 --> 00:14:17,000
Over 100 Cuban exiles are killed
279
00:14:17,000 --> 00:14:20,000
and more than 1,000 are taken prisoner.
280
00:14:20,000 --> 00:14:22,000
In the end, the United States
281
00:14:22,000 --> 00:14:25,000
is revealed to be completely behind
282
00:14:25,000 --> 00:14:27,000
this invasion.
283
00:14:27,000 --> 00:14:28,000
As Castro boasts to the world
284
00:14:29,000 --> 00:14:30,000
about his victory,
285
00:14:30,000 --> 00:14:34,000
america is humiliated.
286
00:14:34,000 --> 00:14:36,000
Kennedy was so overwrought
287
00:14:36,000 --> 00:14:39,000
that he began to cry.
288
00:14:39,000 --> 00:14:41,000
Jackie had never
289
00:14:41,000 --> 00:14:43,000
seen her husband
290
00:14:43,000 --> 00:14:46,000
as distraught, as
despondent, as depressed.
291
00:14:46,000 --> 00:14:48,000
He believed his presidency
292
00:14:48,000 --> 00:14:50,000
was over before it had even started
293
00:14:50,000 --> 00:14:52,000
because of this tragedy.
294
00:14:52,000 --> 00:14:55,000
At one point, in the
depths of his despair,
295
00:14:55,000 --> 00:14:58,000
he and Bobby were together,
296
00:14:58,000 --> 00:15:00,000
and Bobby said, "let's call dad.
297
00:15:00,000 --> 00:15:02,000
Maybe he can cheer US up."
298
00:15:04,000 --> 00:15:06,000
Joe Kennedy may not be in Washington,
299
00:15:06,000 --> 00:15:10,000
but he remains a
trusted advisor to his son.
300
00:15:10,000 --> 00:15:12,000
If you look at the records
301
00:15:12,000 --> 00:15:14,000
of Kennedy's calls
302
00:15:14,000 --> 00:15:17,000
during the days of the bay of pigs fiasco,
303
00:15:17,000 --> 00:15:20,000
you will see how many
times he called his father.
304
00:15:20,000 --> 00:15:23,000
Joe Kennedy never, ever, ever trusted
305
00:15:23,000 --> 00:15:25,000
the intelligence services,
306
00:15:25,000 --> 00:15:27,000
and he had warned Jack
307
00:15:27,000 --> 00:15:29,000
about the CIA.
308
00:15:29,000 --> 00:15:32,000
So the bay of pigs shook
Kennedy's confidence
309
00:15:32,000 --> 00:15:34,000
in his advisors.
310
00:15:34,000 --> 00:15:37,000
It even shook his confidence in himself.
311
00:15:37,000 --> 00:15:39,000
But what it also did
312
00:15:39,000 --> 00:15:42,000
was it strengthened his conviction
313
00:15:42,000 --> 00:15:45,000
that he had to rely more
314
00:15:45,000 --> 00:15:49,000
on those he trusted most:
315
00:15:49,000 --> 00:15:51,000
The members of his family.
316
00:16:04,000 --> 00:16:06,000
I believe that this nation
317
00:16:06,000 --> 00:16:08,000
should commit itself
318
00:16:08,000 --> 00:16:10,000
to achieving the goal,
319
00:16:10,000 --> 00:16:12,000
before this decade is out,
320
00:16:12,000 --> 00:16:13,000
of landing a man on the moon
321
00:16:13,000 --> 00:16:16,000
and returning him safely to the earth.
322
00:16:24,000 --> 00:16:26,000
It set our sights up high,
323
00:16:26,000 --> 00:16:29,000
and when you look up,
324
00:16:29,000 --> 00:16:31,000
you think of something
325
00:16:32,000 --> 00:16:33,000
more than yourself.
326
00:16:33,000 --> 00:16:36,000
It's just terrific.
327
00:16:36,000 --> 00:16:39,000
In may 1961,
328
00:16:39,000 --> 00:16:40,000
jfk announces to the world
329
00:16:41,000 --> 00:16:44,000
an extraordinarily ambitious project.
330
00:16:44,000 --> 00:16:47,000
Now it is time to take longer strides,
331
00:16:47,000 --> 00:16:50,000
time for a great new American enterprise.
332
00:16:50,000 --> 00:16:51,000
The Soviets have already
333
00:16:51,000 --> 00:16:53,000
put the first man into space,
334
00:16:53,000 --> 00:16:55,000
and after the bay of pigs fiasco,
335
00:16:55,000 --> 00:16:58,000
Jack cannot afford for
america to be left behind.
336
00:16:59,000 --> 00:17:00,000
The United States was engaged
337
00:17:00,000 --> 00:17:02,000
in a space race with the Russians.
338
00:17:03,000 --> 00:17:05,000
We weren't trying to just
beat the Soviets militarily.
339
00:17:05,000 --> 00:17:07,000
We were trying to beat
them to new frontiers.
340
00:17:07,000 --> 00:17:09,000
This is the Kennedy
341
00:17:09,000 --> 00:17:10,000
approach to life,
342
00:17:10,000 --> 00:17:13,000
which is "win at all costs."
343
00:17:13,000 --> 00:17:16,000
It is not good enough to come in second,
344
00:17:16,000 --> 00:17:18,000
and that was what they
were told by their father
345
00:17:18,000 --> 00:17:20,000
from the time they were little children.
346
00:17:22,000 --> 00:17:26,000
As Jack projects the
superiority of his country
347
00:17:26,000 --> 00:17:28,000
around the world,
348
00:17:28,000 --> 00:17:29,000
back at home,
349
00:17:29,000 --> 00:17:31,000
a desperate struggle for civil rights
350
00:17:31,000 --> 00:17:34,000
is tearing america apart.
351
00:17:34,000 --> 00:17:36,000
If you are African American
352
00:17:36,000 --> 00:17:38,000
in the United States in the '60s,
353
00:17:38,000 --> 00:17:40,000
you're not living in a democracy,
354
00:17:40,000 --> 00:17:43,000
you're living under an
apartheid dictatorship
355
00:17:44,000 --> 00:17:47,000
based on race.
356
00:17:47,000 --> 00:17:50,000
We're still seeing intense violence.
357
00:17:50,000 --> 00:17:53,000
Lynching is still the reality.
358
00:17:53,000 --> 00:17:55,000
If you were black, you couldn't vote,
359
00:17:55,000 --> 00:17:56,000
you couldn't buy property,
360
00:17:56,000 --> 00:17:58,000
you couldn't go certain places.
361
00:17:59,000 --> 00:18:00,000
I said, "I'm sorry, our management
362
00:18:00,000 --> 00:18:04,000
does not allow US to
serve niggers in here."
363
00:18:04,000 --> 00:18:07,000
While jfk is looking at
the moon and the stars,
364
00:18:07,000 --> 00:18:11,000
you see real hypocrisy and contradiction.
365
00:18:11,000 --> 00:18:14,000
How can the United States be a democracy
366
00:18:14,000 --> 00:18:16,000
if its citizens are
367
00:18:16,000 --> 00:18:18,000
killing, are hurting,
368
00:18:18,000 --> 00:18:20,000
are hospitalizing
369
00:18:20,000 --> 00:18:22,000
its other citizens?
370
00:18:22,000 --> 00:18:24,000
But in the spring of 1961,
371
00:18:24,000 --> 00:18:27,000
John F. Kennedy and his brother Robert
372
00:18:27,000 --> 00:18:29,000
didn't care that much about civil rights.
373
00:18:31,000 --> 00:18:34,000
Jack and Bobby Kennedy
grew up rich and privileged.
374
00:18:34,000 --> 00:18:37,000
They never saw any African Americans
375
00:18:37,000 --> 00:18:41,000
other than people who waited on tables.
376
00:18:41,000 --> 00:18:43,000
So they didn't get
377
00:18:43,000 --> 00:18:46,000
the just terrible, terrible prejudice
378
00:18:46,000 --> 00:18:50,000
of southern whites against blacks.
379
00:18:50,000 --> 00:18:52,000
They were worried about Russia,
380
00:18:52,000 --> 00:18:53,000
they were worried about the cold war,
381
00:18:53,000 --> 00:18:55,000
about the "big game", as they saw it.
382
00:18:55,000 --> 00:18:57,000
And they were afraid
383
00:18:57,000 --> 00:18:58,000
that the civil rights
struggle would somehow
384
00:18:59,000 --> 00:19:01,000
distract or deflect from
385
00:19:01,000 --> 00:19:03,000
the main event.
386
00:19:04,000 --> 00:19:07,000
Many are saying enough is enough.
387
00:19:07,000 --> 00:19:09,000
They want the president to take action
388
00:19:09,000 --> 00:19:10,000
against the brutal oppression
389
00:19:10,000 --> 00:19:14,000
that so many African
Americans are forced to endure.
390
00:19:14,000 --> 00:19:15,000
In the south,
391
00:19:15,000 --> 00:19:18,000
blacks could not ride on the same buses,
392
00:19:18,000 --> 00:19:21,000
or at least at the front
of the bus, with whites.
393
00:19:21,000 --> 00:19:24,000
So, in late may of 1961,
394
00:19:24,000 --> 00:19:28,000
there were these young
black and white students
395
00:19:28,000 --> 00:19:31,000
who decided that they
were going to integrate
396
00:19:31,000 --> 00:19:34,000
the interstate bus system in america.
397
00:19:34,000 --> 00:19:36,000
They called themselves the freedom riders.
398
00:19:36,000 --> 00:19:38,000
They're going to challenge
399
00:19:38,000 --> 00:19:39,000
segregation in the south
400
00:19:39,000 --> 00:19:43,000
by riding through the
most dangerous areas.
401
00:19:43,000 --> 00:19:44,000
Passengers on one bus
402
00:19:44,000 --> 00:19:47,000
were attacked at the
bus station in Aniston.
403
00:19:47,000 --> 00:19:50,000
Another bus halted
outside town by a flat tire
404
00:19:50,000 --> 00:19:52,000
was set afire.
405
00:19:52,000 --> 00:19:54,000
It puts the savagery
406
00:19:54,000 --> 00:19:57,000
and it puts the brutality on television,
407
00:19:57,000 --> 00:19:59,000
and it puts kind of
this massive resistance
408
00:19:59,000 --> 00:20:02,000
on display not just across the country,
409
00:20:02,000 --> 00:20:03,000
but across the world.
410
00:20:03,000 --> 00:20:06,000
And the governor of Alabama,
John paterson, has said,
411
00:20:06,000 --> 00:20:09,000
"citizens of the state are so enraged,
412
00:20:09,000 --> 00:20:10,000
I cannot guarantee protection
413
00:20:10,000 --> 00:20:13,000
for this bunch of rabble rousers."
414
00:20:14,000 --> 00:20:16,000
The whole world is watching.
415
00:20:16,000 --> 00:20:18,000
The violence could undermine
416
00:20:18,000 --> 00:20:20,000
Kennedy's presidential authority.
417
00:20:20,000 --> 00:20:22,000
Jfk says,
418
00:20:22,000 --> 00:20:24,000
"get them off the buses.
419
00:20:24,000 --> 00:20:26,000
Stop them from demonstrating."
420
00:20:26,000 --> 00:20:29,000
Jack does not want to back the protestors.
421
00:20:29,000 --> 00:20:32,000
Supporting civil rights would
make him very unpopular
422
00:20:32,000 --> 00:20:33,000
with southern democrats.
423
00:20:33,000 --> 00:20:34,000
Let's not forget
424
00:20:34,000 --> 00:20:38,000
the south is solidly Democratic.
425
00:20:38,000 --> 00:20:40,000
They call them dixiecrats,
but they were democrats.
426
00:20:40,000 --> 00:20:44,000
So a big part of the power
base for the Kennedys
427
00:20:44,000 --> 00:20:46,000
rests in the south.
428
00:20:46,000 --> 00:20:47,000
In a desperate attempt
429
00:20:47,000 --> 00:20:49,000
to diffuse the situation,
430
00:20:49,000 --> 00:20:50,000
Bobby makes a call.
431
00:20:50,000 --> 00:20:53,000
Bobby tried to convince the freedom riders
432
00:20:53,000 --> 00:20:54,000
that they should cool down for a bit
433
00:20:54,000 --> 00:20:56,000
and just not embarrass the president.
434
00:20:57,000 --> 00:20:58,000
The wonderful response
435
00:20:58,000 --> 00:21:00,000
of the young civil rights leaders is,
436
00:21:00,000 --> 00:21:02,000
"we have been cooling off
and slowing down for 50 years,
437
00:21:03,000 --> 00:21:04,000
and we're going to keep going."
438
00:21:09,000 --> 00:21:10,000
Civil rights leader
439
00:21:10,000 --> 00:21:12,000
the reverend doctor
Martin Luther King junior
440
00:21:12,000 --> 00:21:14,000
arrives in Montgomery, Alabama,
441
00:21:14,000 --> 00:21:16,000
to join the assembly.
442
00:21:16,000 --> 00:21:19,000
The church is soon
surrounded by an angry mob
443
00:21:19,000 --> 00:21:22,000
of 3,000 southern whites.
444
00:21:22,000 --> 00:21:25,000
There's a risk they're going
to burn the church down.
445
00:21:26,000 --> 00:21:29,000
And king calls the Attorney
General in Washington
446
00:21:29,000 --> 00:21:32,000
and says, "I need your help."
447
00:21:32,000 --> 00:21:34,000
Hundreds of lives are in danger.
448
00:21:37,000 --> 00:21:39,000
Bobby realizes he has to act.
449
00:21:39,000 --> 00:21:42,000
On the issue of civil rights,
there's no middle ground.
450
00:21:42,000 --> 00:21:43,000
You're either for civil rights
451
00:21:43,000 --> 00:21:45,000
or you're against civil rights.
452
00:21:45,000 --> 00:21:47,000
The Attorney General couldn't very well
453
00:21:47,000 --> 00:21:49,000
let all these people die.
454
00:21:49,000 --> 00:21:52,000
That would have been an immense tragedy.
455
00:21:52,000 --> 00:21:54,000
Bobby knew that he had to protect them.
456
00:21:54,000 --> 00:21:57,000
It was really a question
of doing the right thing,
457
00:21:57,000 --> 00:22:00,000
politics be damned.
458
00:22:00,000 --> 00:22:02,000
Bobby sends in a federal force
459
00:22:02,000 --> 00:22:04,000
to protect the lives of
Martin Luther King junior
460
00:22:05,000 --> 00:22:07,000
and the freedom riders.
461
00:22:07,000 --> 00:22:08,000
And this was Bobby's
462
00:22:08,000 --> 00:22:10,000
real baptism,
463
00:22:10,000 --> 00:22:12,000
in terms of what the civil rights movement
464
00:22:12,000 --> 00:22:14,000
meant to him.
465
00:22:15,000 --> 00:22:18,000
Bobby Kennedy has to be educated.
466
00:22:18,000 --> 00:22:21,000
He doesn't come to
the civil rights struggle
467
00:22:21,000 --> 00:22:23,000
with anything much different
468
00:22:23,000 --> 00:22:27,000
than any other wealthy
white man of privilege would.
469
00:22:27,000 --> 00:22:30,000
But after the freedom riders,
470
00:22:30,000 --> 00:22:32,000
Bobby went from wanting
to have nothing to do
471
00:22:32,000 --> 00:22:33,000
with the civil rights movement
472
00:22:33,000 --> 00:22:36,000
to feeling that he had to play a role.
473
00:22:36,000 --> 00:22:38,000
I think we are just
going to have to face up
474
00:22:38,000 --> 00:22:39,000
to our responsibilities.
475
00:22:39,000 --> 00:22:43,000
I mean, this is 1961, it's not 1861,
476
00:22:43,000 --> 00:22:47,000
and we're going to have to
continue to make progress.
477
00:22:49,000 --> 00:22:51,000
For Jack, the freedom riders' protest
478
00:22:51,000 --> 00:22:54,000
could not have come at a worse time.
479
00:22:54,000 --> 00:22:57,000
All eyes are on him as he heads to Europe
480
00:22:57,000 --> 00:22:59,000
and his first face-to-face summit
481
00:22:59,000 --> 00:23:02,000
with the leader of the Soviet union.
482
00:23:02,000 --> 00:23:05,000
John Kennedy wanted to show the world
483
00:23:05,000 --> 00:23:07,000
that he was a statesman,
484
00:23:07,000 --> 00:23:09,000
but Kennedy was walking into an ambush,
485
00:23:09,000 --> 00:23:11,000
and he had no idea.
486
00:23:18,000 --> 00:23:20,000
I returned this morning
487
00:23:20,000 --> 00:23:23,000
from a week-long trip to Europe,
488
00:23:23,000 --> 00:23:27,000
and I want to report
to you on that trip in full.
489
00:23:27,000 --> 00:23:29,000
It was, in every sense,
490
00:23:29,000 --> 00:23:32,000
an unforgettable experience.
491
00:23:32,000 --> 00:23:35,000
The Kennedys' first international tour
492
00:23:35,000 --> 00:23:37,000
is their chance to present themselves
493
00:23:37,000 --> 00:23:38,000
on the world stage.
494
00:23:39,000 --> 00:23:40,000
In Paris, however,
495
00:23:40,000 --> 00:23:43,000
Jack Kennedy is not the main attraction.
496
00:23:43,000 --> 00:23:45,000
That really was the moment
497
00:23:45,000 --> 00:23:48,000
when Jackie Kennedy became a genuine star.
498
00:23:52,000 --> 00:23:54,000
Because she was so beautiful
499
00:23:54,000 --> 00:23:56,000
and because she was
so young and effervescent,
500
00:23:56,000 --> 00:23:59,000
the primary interest for the French media
501
00:23:59,000 --> 00:24:01,000
was Jacqueline Kennedy.
502
00:24:01,000 --> 00:24:03,000
She was so cultured,
503
00:24:03,000 --> 00:24:06,000
and spoke fluent French to
crusty old Charles de gaulle,
504
00:24:06,000 --> 00:24:08,000
and yet you can see him just melting.
505
00:24:09,000 --> 00:24:11,000
Thousands of people
506
00:24:11,000 --> 00:24:13,000
lined the streets to see Jackie.
507
00:24:13,000 --> 00:24:16,000
She was the first really
glamorous American first lady
508
00:24:16,000 --> 00:24:19,000
they had ever seen.
509
00:24:19,000 --> 00:24:21,000
She wore American couture
510
00:24:21,000 --> 00:24:22,000
in the United States,
511
00:24:22,000 --> 00:24:26,000
but when in Paris, givenchy.
512
00:24:26,000 --> 00:24:28,000
She just knew how to present herself,
513
00:24:28,000 --> 00:24:30,000
to make the most of
514
00:24:30,000 --> 00:24:33,000
her personality, her beauty, her fashion.
515
00:24:34,000 --> 00:24:36,000
We had never seen a first lady
516
00:24:36,000 --> 00:24:38,000
in the TV age
517
00:24:38,000 --> 00:24:40,000
become the story herself.
518
00:24:42,000 --> 00:24:44,000
She made an enormous impact,
519
00:24:44,000 --> 00:24:46,000
and Jack recognized
520
00:24:47,000 --> 00:24:50,000
that this was greatly to his advantage.
521
00:24:50,000 --> 00:24:51,000
I do not think it
522
00:24:51,000 --> 00:24:53,000
altogether inappropriate
523
00:24:53,000 --> 00:24:56,000
to introduce myself to this audience.
524
00:24:56,000 --> 00:24:58,000
I am the man who accompanied
525
00:24:58,000 --> 00:25:00,000
Jacqueline Kennedy to Paris,
526
00:25:00,000 --> 00:25:02,000
and I have enjoyed it.
527
00:25:05,000 --> 00:25:08,000
Paris is a triumph for the Kennedys,
528
00:25:08,000 --> 00:25:09,000
but their next stop, Vienna,
529
00:25:09,000 --> 00:25:13,000
is the real test for the young president.
530
00:25:13,000 --> 00:25:14,000
For the first time,
531
00:25:14,000 --> 00:25:17,000
he meets with the
leader of the Soviet union,
532
00:25:17,000 --> 00:25:19,000
nikita khrushchev.
533
00:25:19,000 --> 00:25:22,000
The world is nervous
about nuclear war in 1961,
534
00:25:22,000 --> 00:25:24,000
and they welcome a summit meeting
535
00:25:24,000 --> 00:25:27,000
between the head of the
Soviet union, khrushchev,
536
00:25:27,000 --> 00:25:29,000
and president Kennedy.
537
00:25:31,000 --> 00:25:32,000
What Kennedy wanted to do
538
00:25:32,000 --> 00:25:34,000
was to show the world,
539
00:25:34,000 --> 00:25:37,000
"I can find common language with this man.
540
00:25:37,000 --> 00:25:39,000
We can do business."
541
00:25:40,000 --> 00:25:42,000
At historic schonbrunn palace,
542
00:25:42,000 --> 00:25:44,000
a state dinner brings Mr. and Mrs. Kennedy
543
00:25:44,000 --> 00:25:47,000
and Mr. and Mrs. Khrushchev together.
544
00:25:47,000 --> 00:25:49,000
During two days of talks,
545
00:25:49,000 --> 00:25:51,000
Jack launches a charm offensive,
546
00:25:51,000 --> 00:25:54,000
spearheaded by the first lady.
547
00:25:54,000 --> 00:25:56,000
They had a lovely banquet.
548
00:25:56,000 --> 00:25:58,000
Khrushchev sat next to Jackie,
549
00:25:58,000 --> 00:26:00,000
and she did what she could to charm him.
550
00:26:00,000 --> 00:26:02,000
Mr. Khrushchev visibly enjoyed the evening
551
00:26:02,000 --> 00:26:05,000
with the glamorous American first lady,
552
00:26:05,000 --> 00:26:07,000
and even insisted on shaking her hand
553
00:26:07,000 --> 00:26:10,000
before her husband's.
554
00:26:10,000 --> 00:26:11,000
There's another Kennedy
555
00:26:11,000 --> 00:26:13,000
dining with the khrushchevs that night:
556
00:26:14,000 --> 00:26:16,000
Jack's mother, Rose.
557
00:26:16,000 --> 00:26:18,000
John F. Kennedy did
not want his mother to go.
558
00:26:18,000 --> 00:26:21,000
He didn't want a huge family delegation
559
00:26:21,000 --> 00:26:25,000
going with him to Europe,
but his mom insisted.
560
00:26:25,000 --> 00:26:28,000
His mother loved the limelight.
561
00:26:28,000 --> 00:26:30,000
She was interested in power and she liked
562
00:26:30,000 --> 00:26:32,000
being around people with power.
563
00:26:34,000 --> 00:26:36,000
Away from the banquets and the cameras,
564
00:26:37,000 --> 00:26:39,000
Jack has a serious mission in Vienna.
565
00:26:39,000 --> 00:26:41,000
Both sides have enough missiles
566
00:26:41,000 --> 00:26:44,000
to destroy the entire world,
567
00:26:44,000 --> 00:26:46,000
so Kennedy intends to make a deal
568
00:26:46,000 --> 00:26:49,000
on nuclear disarmament with khrushchev.
569
00:26:49,000 --> 00:26:51,000
John Kennedy was deeply concerned
570
00:26:51,000 --> 00:26:53,000
about nuclear danger,
571
00:26:53,000 --> 00:26:56,000
that the cold war could
spiral out of control.
572
00:26:56,000 --> 00:26:58,000
Since the bay of pigs,
573
00:26:58,000 --> 00:27:00,000
Jack no longer has full confidence
574
00:27:00,000 --> 00:27:02,000
in his own advisors.
575
00:27:02,000 --> 00:27:04,000
The Kennedys always liked to operate
576
00:27:04,000 --> 00:27:05,000
on more than one track.
577
00:27:05,000 --> 00:27:08,000
They always liked to do things privately
578
00:27:08,000 --> 00:27:09,000
through the family.
579
00:27:09,000 --> 00:27:12,000
And Jack always used Bobby
580
00:27:12,000 --> 00:27:14,000
as a secret messenger
581
00:27:14,000 --> 00:27:17,000
to his friends and to his foes.
582
00:27:19,000 --> 00:27:22,000
In Washington, Bobby has gone so far
583
00:27:22,000 --> 00:27:25,000
as to hold secret
meetings with a Russian spy
584
00:27:25,000 --> 00:27:26,000
to open a back channel
585
00:27:26,000 --> 00:27:29,000
between the president and khrushchev.
586
00:27:29,000 --> 00:27:31,000
It was really something
quite extraordinary.
587
00:27:31,000 --> 00:27:34,000
Things like that had
probably never gone on before.
588
00:27:36,000 --> 00:27:37,000
Kennedy had taken risks
589
00:27:37,000 --> 00:27:40,000
by having Bobby set up this back channel,
590
00:27:40,000 --> 00:27:42,000
and he was hopeful
591
00:27:42,000 --> 00:27:44,000
that the Soviets would respond.
592
00:27:44,000 --> 00:27:47,000
Bobby, through the Russian spy,
593
00:27:47,000 --> 00:27:48,000
had been led to believe
594
00:27:48,000 --> 00:27:52,000
that khrushchev was ready
to talk about nuclear arms.
595
00:27:52,000 --> 00:27:54,000
As it turned out, he wasn't
the least bit interested.
596
00:27:56,000 --> 00:27:59,000
Khrushchev has only one agenda:
597
00:27:59,000 --> 00:28:00,000
Berlin.
598
00:28:00,000 --> 00:28:02,000
Divided by the Russians and the west
599
00:28:02,000 --> 00:28:03,000
after world war ii,
600
00:28:04,000 --> 00:28:06,000
people are flooding through
Soviet-controlled east Berlin
601
00:28:07,000 --> 00:28:08,000
to escape communism.
602
00:28:08,000 --> 00:28:11,000
It's a major source of
embarrassment for khrushchev.
603
00:28:11,000 --> 00:28:14,000
People are fleeing the eastern part
604
00:28:14,000 --> 00:28:15,000
into the west,
605
00:28:15,000 --> 00:28:17,000
and khrushchev wants to stop
606
00:28:17,000 --> 00:28:19,000
that flood of refugees.
607
00:28:20,000 --> 00:28:22,000
In Vienna,
608
00:28:22,000 --> 00:28:23,000
they went off into their meeting,
609
00:28:23,000 --> 00:28:27,000
which was five hours long
and a complete disaster.
610
00:28:28,000 --> 00:28:31,000
The Soviet leader makes
an impossible demand:
611
00:28:31,000 --> 00:28:35,000
He wants Kennedy to surrender
the western sector of Berlin.
612
00:28:35,000 --> 00:28:38,000
Khrushchev just bullies Kennedy.
613
00:28:38,000 --> 00:28:40,000
There was nothing Kennedy could say to him
614
00:28:40,000 --> 00:28:43,000
except "I give up on west Berlin"
615
00:28:43,000 --> 00:28:45,000
that would have made khrushchev happy.
616
00:28:45,000 --> 00:28:47,000
Khrushchev was determined
617
00:28:47,000 --> 00:28:50,000
to put Kennedy's feet to the fire.
618
00:28:50,000 --> 00:28:52,000
Despite his best efforts,
619
00:28:52,000 --> 00:28:54,000
Jack is humiliated.
620
00:28:54,000 --> 00:28:58,000
He leaves the summit
having achieved nothing.
621
00:28:58,000 --> 00:29:01,000
Kennedy's first meetings
with journalists after Vienna,
622
00:29:01,000 --> 00:29:03,000
there's no spin.
623
00:29:03,000 --> 00:29:05,000
He was dejected. He didn't hide it.
624
00:29:05,000 --> 00:29:07,000
I will tell you now that it was
625
00:29:07,000 --> 00:29:09,000
a very sober two days.
626
00:29:09,000 --> 00:29:11,000
No spectacular progress
627
00:29:11,000 --> 00:29:14,000
was either achieved or pretended.
628
00:29:15,000 --> 00:29:17,000
And two months later,
629
00:29:17,000 --> 00:29:20,000
khrushchev built the Berlin wall,
630
00:29:20,000 --> 00:29:23,000
sealed off east Berlin
631
00:29:23,000 --> 00:29:24,000
from west Berlin.
632
00:29:24,000 --> 00:29:26,000
And Kennedy did nothing.
633
00:29:26,000 --> 00:29:29,000
Khrushchev goes one step further.
634
00:29:29,000 --> 00:29:32,000
Testing even more
powerful nuclear weapons,
635
00:29:32,000 --> 00:29:35,000
he shatters Kennedy's hopes
636
00:29:35,000 --> 00:29:37,000
of slowing down the arms race.
637
00:29:40,000 --> 00:29:41,000
Kennedy learned the Soviets
638
00:29:41,000 --> 00:29:43,000
were not as committed as he was
639
00:29:43,000 --> 00:29:44,000
to avoiding war
640
00:29:44,000 --> 00:29:47,000
and that the world was
in a very dangerous place.
641
00:30:04,000 --> 00:30:08,000
President Kennedy's
dream of negotiating peace
642
00:30:08,000 --> 00:30:09,000
has been destroyed.
643
00:30:09,000 --> 00:30:12,000
He retreats to the family compound.
644
00:30:12,000 --> 00:30:14,000
Hyannis port was
645
00:30:14,000 --> 00:30:16,000
sanctuary for the Kennedys.
646
00:30:16,000 --> 00:30:18,000
It was a safe haven.
647
00:30:18,000 --> 00:30:19,000
I mean, despite everything
that was going on,
648
00:30:19,000 --> 00:30:21,000
when they got together at the compound,
649
00:30:21,000 --> 00:30:23,000
all of that was forgotten.
650
00:30:27,000 --> 00:30:29,000
Jack finds solace
651
00:30:29,000 --> 00:30:32,000
in his ever-growing extended family.
652
00:30:32,000 --> 00:30:33,000
In addition to his own children,
653
00:30:34,000 --> 00:30:36,000
John junior and Caroline,
654
00:30:36,000 --> 00:30:37,000
his brothers and sisters
655
00:30:37,000 --> 00:30:40,000
have 17 children between them.
656
00:30:41,000 --> 00:30:42,000
The excitement
657
00:30:42,000 --> 00:30:44,000
when the helicopter landed,
658
00:30:44,000 --> 00:30:47,000
and then they would take
US for a ride on the golf cart
659
00:30:47,000 --> 00:30:49,000
with all the cousins.
660
00:30:51,000 --> 00:30:53,000
There were games, and there was sailing,
661
00:30:53,000 --> 00:30:56,000
and there were parties every night.
662
00:30:56,000 --> 00:30:59,000
There was always something going on.
663
00:30:59,000 --> 00:31:02,000
I think it's those moments
664
00:31:02,000 --> 00:31:05,000
that really kept them sane
665
00:31:05,000 --> 00:31:07,000
and focused
666
00:31:07,000 --> 00:31:08,000
on who they were
667
00:31:09,000 --> 00:31:11,000
and what their mission was -
668
00:31:12,000 --> 00:31:14,000
especially their political goals,
669
00:31:14,000 --> 00:31:16,000
because a lot of politics talk
670
00:31:16,000 --> 00:31:18,000
was going on there.
671
00:31:18,000 --> 00:31:20,000
It was the center of all power.
672
00:31:22,000 --> 00:31:23,000
The Kennedys may have power,
673
00:31:24,000 --> 00:31:26,000
but Jack is frustrated
by how difficult it is
674
00:31:26,000 --> 00:31:28,000
to achieve real progress.
675
00:31:28,000 --> 00:31:31,000
He needs his brother now more than ever.
676
00:31:31,000 --> 00:31:34,000
Bobby became his chief
law enforcement guy.
677
00:31:34,000 --> 00:31:37,000
He became his chief
foreign policy adviser.
678
00:31:37,000 --> 00:31:39,000
He became his chief political aid.
679
00:31:39,000 --> 00:31:41,000
And he became the closest thing
680
00:31:41,000 --> 00:31:43,000
that we have and we will ever see
681
00:31:44,000 --> 00:31:46,000
to a co-president.
682
00:31:46,000 --> 00:31:49,000
It seems amazing to this day
683
00:31:49,000 --> 00:31:51,000
to have these two brothers
684
00:31:51,000 --> 00:31:53,000
who were basically
running the country together.
685
00:31:56,000 --> 00:31:58,000
There's one battle that Bobby Kennedy
686
00:31:58,000 --> 00:32:00,000
is determined to fight on his own:
687
00:32:00,000 --> 00:32:02,000
Taking on the mafia.
688
00:32:02,000 --> 00:32:05,000
The mafia was really
689
00:32:05,000 --> 00:32:06,000
huge in this country,
690
00:32:06,000 --> 00:32:07,000
and there was a stronghold
691
00:32:07,000 --> 00:32:10,000
of mobster influence on politics,
692
00:32:10,000 --> 00:32:13,000
and on entertainment, and on government.
693
00:32:13,000 --> 00:32:15,000
They were very powerful,
694
00:32:15,000 --> 00:32:17,000
they were politically connected,
695
00:32:17,000 --> 00:32:19,000
and when you investigated them,
696
00:32:19,000 --> 00:32:20,000
who would you run into?
697
00:32:20,000 --> 00:32:23,000
You'd run into an elected official.
698
00:32:23,000 --> 00:32:25,000
This is Robert pierpoint,
699
00:32:25,000 --> 00:32:27,000
and that building across the street there
700
00:32:27,000 --> 00:32:29,000
is the US department of justice.
701
00:32:30,000 --> 00:32:31,000
Since the 1950s,
702
00:32:31,000 --> 00:32:34,000
Bobby has been rooting out corruption
703
00:32:34,000 --> 00:32:37,000
in the mob-infiltrated labor unions.
704
00:32:37,000 --> 00:32:40,000
The Attorney General
seldom leaves the office
705
00:32:40,000 --> 00:32:42,000
before eight o'clock at night.
706
00:32:42,000 --> 00:32:43,000
As Attorney General,
707
00:32:43,000 --> 00:32:45,000
he's determined to wage the biggest war
708
00:32:46,000 --> 00:32:48,000
on the mafia in america's history.
709
00:32:49,000 --> 00:32:51,000
We need now more than talk.
710
00:32:51,000 --> 00:32:53,000
We need action.
711
00:32:53,000 --> 00:32:55,000
Bobby Kennedy had this single adjective
712
00:32:55,000 --> 00:32:56,000
stick with him more than anything else,
713
00:32:56,000 --> 00:32:58,000
and it was the word "ruthless".
714
00:32:58,000 --> 00:33:01,000
And Bobby learned, to Joe's great delight,
715
00:33:01,000 --> 00:33:04,000
how to a be a tough guy from papa Joe.
716
00:33:04,000 --> 00:33:06,000
You have a reputation
717
00:33:06,000 --> 00:33:07,000
for toughness, for being a fighter.
718
00:33:08,000 --> 00:33:09,000
We have heard that
your father, for instance,
719
00:33:09,000 --> 00:33:12,000
fostered a kind of spirit of
competition in the family.
720
00:33:12,000 --> 00:33:14,000
I think so, as we were growing up.
721
00:33:14,000 --> 00:33:16,000
I think in any family where
there's a lot of children,
722
00:33:17,000 --> 00:33:19,000
you're always fighting with one another
723
00:33:19,000 --> 00:33:21,000
or competing with one another.
724
00:33:22,000 --> 00:33:25,000
Joe believes making such dangerous enemies
725
00:33:25,000 --> 00:33:28,000
could ruin the Kennedy presidency.
726
00:33:28,000 --> 00:33:31,000
He said, "democrats
don't go after labor leaders,
727
00:33:31,000 --> 00:33:34,000
no matter how corrupt they might be.
728
00:33:34,000 --> 00:33:37,000
Not only will you destroy
your future," he said,
729
00:33:37,000 --> 00:33:39,000
"but you'll destroy
your brother's future."
730
00:33:40,000 --> 00:33:42,000
Bobby was a stern moralist
731
00:33:42,000 --> 00:33:43,000
and a tough guy,
732
00:33:43,000 --> 00:33:46,000
and there was also a kind
of a rebellious streak in him.
733
00:33:46,000 --> 00:33:48,000
He was willing to defy parental authority
734
00:33:48,000 --> 00:33:50,000
to go after the mob.
735
00:33:50,000 --> 00:33:52,000
This was personal.
736
00:33:52,000 --> 00:33:55,000
He felt these people were animals,
737
00:33:55,000 --> 00:33:58,000
and he wanted personally to destroy them.
738
00:34:00,000 --> 00:34:03,000
There's one mobster in particular
739
00:34:03,000 --> 00:34:07,000
whom Bobby is obsessed
with bringing to justice.
740
00:34:07,000 --> 00:34:11,000
Sam "momo" giancana
is the boss of Chicago,
741
00:34:11,000 --> 00:34:13,000
but probably the most powerful mafia boss
742
00:34:13,000 --> 00:34:15,000
in the United States.
743
00:34:15,000 --> 00:34:16,000
He was vicious.
744
00:34:16,000 --> 00:34:18,000
He liked to kill people for sport.
745
00:34:18,000 --> 00:34:20,000
He was exactly the sort of villain
746
00:34:20,000 --> 00:34:23,000
that Bobby Kennedy would want to take on.
747
00:34:23,000 --> 00:34:26,000
When Bobby took on momo giancana
748
00:34:26,000 --> 00:34:28,000
in a senate hearing in the 1950s,
749
00:34:29,000 --> 00:34:30,000
the fat was in the fire.
750
00:34:30,000 --> 00:34:34,000
That was a confrontation that
was never going to go away.
751
00:34:34,000 --> 00:34:37,000
So the FBI detail in Chicago
752
00:34:37,000 --> 00:34:39,000
begins harassing Sam giancana
753
00:34:39,000 --> 00:34:41,000
and his top lieutenants.
754
00:34:41,000 --> 00:34:43,000
They follow giancana everywhere,
755
00:34:43,000 --> 00:34:45,000
wiretapping his girlfriends,
756
00:34:45,000 --> 00:34:47,000
even on to the golf course.
757
00:34:47,000 --> 00:34:48,000
Were we afraid?
758
00:34:48,000 --> 00:34:50,000
No. As a matter of fact,
759
00:34:50,000 --> 00:34:53,000
we were pushed very hard by Robert Kennedy
760
00:34:53,000 --> 00:34:56,000
to do everything we could.
761
00:34:56,000 --> 00:34:58,000
He was a great guy if you were his friend.
762
00:34:58,000 --> 00:35:00,000
I would not have wanted to be his enemy.
763
00:35:03,000 --> 00:35:05,000
Bobby's investigations
764
00:35:05,000 --> 00:35:07,000
may be hitting too close to home.
765
00:35:07,000 --> 00:35:10,000
This guy was well known to Joe Kennedy.
766
00:35:10,000 --> 00:35:12,000
And he was a co-investor
767
00:35:12,000 --> 00:35:15,000
in a large casino.
768
00:35:15,000 --> 00:35:17,000
He and Joe Kennedy had bought condos
769
00:35:17,000 --> 00:35:19,000
in the hotel vicinity.
770
00:35:19,000 --> 00:35:21,000
Wiretapped by the FBI,
771
00:35:21,000 --> 00:35:24,000
giancana makes a shocking allegation
772
00:35:24,000 --> 00:35:25,000
about Joe Kennedy.
773
00:35:25,000 --> 00:35:27,000
On the FBI tapes,
774
00:35:27,000 --> 00:35:29,000
you can hear giancana bragging
775
00:35:29,000 --> 00:35:32,000
that he has a deal with Joe Kennedy,
776
00:35:32,000 --> 00:35:34,000
with the patriarch.
777
00:35:34,000 --> 00:35:37,000
Giancana thinks that
he helped jfk get elected
778
00:35:37,000 --> 00:35:41,000
by arranging for him to
get some votes in Chicago.
779
00:35:41,000 --> 00:35:43,000
Is this the sins of the
father coming home to roost?
780
00:35:43,000 --> 00:35:46,000
There's absolutely no independent evidence
781
00:35:46,000 --> 00:35:48,000
that anything like that ever happened.
782
00:35:48,000 --> 00:35:52,000
I think they're mobsters,
gangsters talking.
783
00:35:52,000 --> 00:35:55,000
I don't think there's any truth to it.
784
00:35:55,000 --> 00:35:56,000
The truth is
785
00:35:56,000 --> 00:35:59,000
the Kennedys did not need
giancana to win Chicago,
786
00:35:59,000 --> 00:36:01,000
but nonetheless, giancana thinks
787
00:36:01,000 --> 00:36:03,000
that he's been helping the Kennedys,
788
00:36:03,000 --> 00:36:05,000
and so he feels betrayed
789
00:36:05,000 --> 00:36:08,000
when the Kennedys turn against him.
790
00:36:08,000 --> 00:36:10,000
Giancana felt double-crossed
791
00:36:10,000 --> 00:36:15,000
and was threatening murder and revenge.
792
00:36:16,000 --> 00:36:18,000
But there's a greater danger
793
00:36:18,000 --> 00:36:21,000
than the mob or the perils of the cold war
794
00:36:21,000 --> 00:36:24,000
that will threaten the Kennedy dynasty.
795
00:36:24,000 --> 00:36:26,000
They've had tragedy in their lives,
796
00:36:26,000 --> 00:36:30,000
but this feels different.
797
00:36:30,000 --> 00:36:32,000
It's going to change everything.
798
00:36:40,000 --> 00:36:42,000
Joseph Kennedy,
799
00:36:42,000 --> 00:36:44,000
while he had left the stage,
800
00:36:44,000 --> 00:36:46,000
was very much a leader.
801
00:36:46,000 --> 00:36:49,000
He was a source of advice, of strategy,
802
00:36:49,000 --> 00:36:51,000
and he was a sounding board.
803
00:36:52,000 --> 00:36:55,000
He was an essential support
804
00:36:55,000 --> 00:36:57,000
for Jack Kennedy,
805
00:36:57,000 --> 00:36:59,000
who spoke to him a lot on the phone,
806
00:36:59,000 --> 00:37:02,000
who Jack could call at two in the morning.
807
00:37:02,000 --> 00:37:06,000
He was really always there for him.
808
00:37:06,000 --> 00:37:08,000
And in December of 1961,
809
00:37:08,000 --> 00:37:10,000
all of that disappeared.
810
00:37:12,000 --> 00:37:14,000
Joe is at the family vacation home
811
00:37:14,000 --> 00:37:16,000
in palm beach.
812
00:37:18,000 --> 00:37:20,000
Joe Kennedy goes out to play golf.
813
00:37:20,000 --> 00:37:23,000
He loved nothing better than to play golf.
814
00:37:24,000 --> 00:37:26,000
He was pretty good,
815
00:37:26,000 --> 00:37:28,000
especially when money was on the line.
816
00:37:28,000 --> 00:37:30,000
And on the eighth hole,
817
00:37:30,000 --> 00:37:32,000
he began to feel faint.
818
00:37:32,000 --> 00:37:35,000
He said, "please take me home."
819
00:37:35,000 --> 00:37:38,000
And he goes back to the house.
820
00:37:38,000 --> 00:37:41,000
Jackie is there.
821
00:37:41,000 --> 00:37:45,000
He said, "I... I just need a rest."
822
00:37:45,000 --> 00:37:49,000
"Don't call any doctors."
823
00:37:49,000 --> 00:37:51,000
Those were his last words.
824
00:37:51,000 --> 00:37:53,000
He then went into his room
825
00:37:53,000 --> 00:37:55,000
and he suffered a massive stroke.
826
00:37:58,000 --> 00:38:00,000
Joseph is taken to the hospital.
827
00:38:00,000 --> 00:38:02,000
Immediately, he is
put on the critical list.
828
00:38:02,000 --> 00:38:03,000
He's in real bad shape.
829
00:38:03,000 --> 00:38:05,000
He's even given last rites
830
00:38:05,000 --> 00:38:08,000
because they think
that he might pass away.
831
00:38:09,000 --> 00:38:10,000
For Jackie to be the one
832
00:38:10,000 --> 00:38:13,000
to tell Jack that this has happened,
833
00:38:13,000 --> 00:38:15,000
it's devastating.
834
00:38:16,000 --> 00:38:18,000
Jack, Bobby, and their sister Jean
835
00:38:18,000 --> 00:38:20,000
fly from Washington
836
00:38:20,000 --> 00:38:22,000
to be at their father's side.
837
00:38:22,000 --> 00:38:24,000
They all rush to be
with him in the hospital,
838
00:38:24,000 --> 00:38:27,000
and everybody is...
839
00:38:27,000 --> 00:38:29,000
In a panic.
840
00:38:31,000 --> 00:38:33,000
Joe might not live.
841
00:38:35,000 --> 00:38:38,000
Joe's doctors don't
think they can save him,
842
00:38:38,000 --> 00:38:40,000
but Bobby refuses to let them
843
00:38:40,000 --> 00:38:44,000
turn off his father's life support.
844
00:38:44,000 --> 00:38:45,000
Bobby, I think partly
845
00:38:45,000 --> 00:38:47,000
as a matter of adoring his father
846
00:38:47,000 --> 00:38:50,000
and partly as a matter
of his catholic faith,
847
00:38:50,000 --> 00:38:52,000
was not about to do anything
848
00:38:52,000 --> 00:38:55,000
that was going to end his father's life.
849
00:38:58,000 --> 00:39:00,000
Joseph Kennedy survives,
850
00:39:00,000 --> 00:39:03,000
but the stroke takes a terrible toll.
851
00:39:03,000 --> 00:39:07,000
It was awful, because
he was such a vital force.
852
00:39:07,000 --> 00:39:09,000
We would play with him in hyannis port,
853
00:39:10,000 --> 00:39:12,000
where we'd, you know, walk
on the beach or go swimming.
854
00:39:12,000 --> 00:39:15,000
So when he had a stroke, it was...
855
00:39:15,000 --> 00:39:17,000
It was shocking.
856
00:39:17,000 --> 00:39:19,000
His face was disfigured.
857
00:39:19,000 --> 00:39:21,000
One side of his body
858
00:39:21,000 --> 00:39:23,000
was useless.
859
00:39:23,000 --> 00:39:26,000
But worst of all,
860
00:39:26,000 --> 00:39:30,000
he lost the power of speech.
861
00:39:33,000 --> 00:39:37,000
This man who never stopped talking,
862
00:39:37,000 --> 00:39:40,000
who was fabulously eloquent,
863
00:39:40,000 --> 00:39:44,000
who could walk into any room with anybody
864
00:39:44,000 --> 00:39:48,000
and command the attention
865
00:39:48,000 --> 00:39:49,000
of the crowd
866
00:39:49,000 --> 00:39:51,000
lost his voice,
867
00:39:51,000 --> 00:39:54,000
lost his words,
868
00:39:54,000 --> 00:39:56,000
lost language.
869
00:40:09,000 --> 00:40:11,000
There was always a sense
870
00:40:11,000 --> 00:40:14,000
that, as long as Joseph is at the helm,
871
00:40:14,000 --> 00:40:17,000
things are going to work out.
872
00:40:17,000 --> 00:40:19,000
Joe is the architect
873
00:40:19,000 --> 00:40:21,000
of everything,
874
00:40:21,000 --> 00:40:24,000
and for him to be sidelined
875
00:40:24,000 --> 00:40:27,000
when they're finally there
876
00:40:27,000 --> 00:40:30,000
is such a tragedy.
877
00:40:30,000 --> 00:40:32,000
And for that to come
878
00:40:32,000 --> 00:40:35,000
at the end of a mean year,
879
00:40:35,000 --> 00:40:37,000
that was a terrible way
for John F. Kennedy
880
00:40:37,000 --> 00:40:40,000
to end 1961.
881
00:40:43,000 --> 00:40:46,000
As Jack and Jackie pose for the cameras,
882
00:40:46,000 --> 00:40:50,000
the mood in the white
house is anything but festive.
883
00:40:50,000 --> 00:40:52,000
We know exactly what president Kennedy
884
00:40:52,000 --> 00:40:55,000
was thinking at the end of his first year
885
00:40:55,000 --> 00:40:57,000
when he was approached by an author
886
00:40:57,000 --> 00:40:59,000
who said, "I'm going to be writing a book
887
00:40:59,000 --> 00:41:01,000
on the first year of your presidency."
888
00:41:01,000 --> 00:41:02,000
The president's response was,
889
00:41:02,000 --> 00:41:04,000
"why would anyone want to read a book
890
00:41:04,000 --> 00:41:06,000
about this first year?"
891
00:41:07,000 --> 00:41:09,000
In 1961,
892
00:41:09,000 --> 00:41:10,000
the Kennedys came into the white house
893
00:41:10,000 --> 00:41:13,000
cocky, confident,
894
00:41:13,000 --> 00:41:15,000
bright.
895
00:41:15,000 --> 00:41:18,000
By the end of 1961, they're chastened.
896
00:41:19,000 --> 00:41:22,000
They've been bullied by khrushchev,
897
00:41:22,000 --> 00:41:24,000
they've been humiliated by Castro.
898
00:41:24,000 --> 00:41:27,000
The mob is angry at them and threatening.
899
00:41:27,000 --> 00:41:31,000
They've made a lot more
enemies than friends,
900
00:41:31,000 --> 00:41:33,000
and some of those
enemies are truly dangerous.
901
00:41:36,000 --> 00:41:38,000
Next on American dynasties:
902
00:41:38,000 --> 00:41:40,000
The Kennedys...
903
00:41:40,000 --> 00:41:42,000
Jackie smiled for the camera,
904
00:41:42,000 --> 00:41:44,000
but there was sadness behind that smile.
905
00:41:44,000 --> 00:41:47,000
He had a reckless streak.
906
00:41:48,000 --> 00:41:51,000
Sinatra goes absolutely berserk
907
00:41:51,000 --> 00:41:53,000
and just starts destroying things.
908
00:41:53,000 --> 00:41:55,000
Aggressive conduct
909
00:41:55,000 --> 00:41:57,000
ultimately leads to war.
910
00:41:57,000 --> 00:41:59,000
She said, "I'd rather die with you
911
00:41:59,000 --> 00:42:01,000
than live without you."
64761
Can't find what you're looking for?
Get subtitles in any language from opensubtitles.com, and translate them here.