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In the far north,
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00:00:40,125 --> 00:00:43,045
after three dark months of winter,
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a world is waiting
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00:00:55,224 --> 00:00:56,975
for a trigger.
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00:00:59,478 --> 00:01:02,147
The sunshine of spring.
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00:01:14,493 --> 00:01:18,080
Starfish are the first to respond.
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00:01:30,008 --> 00:01:32,177
They race for the highest point,
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00:01:36,014 --> 00:01:38,183
and, sensing changes in the water,
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with the tips of their tube feet,
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00:01:43,522 --> 00:01:44,856
they spawn.
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00:02:00,872 --> 00:02:02,582
Sea cucumbers,
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with only their mouths exposed,
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00:02:05,877 --> 00:02:07,546
HOW emerge.
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00:02:18,223 --> 00:02:21,893
They collect as many
starfish eggs as they can.
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00:02:36,491 --> 00:02:40,412
Which is quite a lot
when you've got ten arms.
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00:02:52,090 --> 00:02:53,800
Now sea pens
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00:02:53,925 --> 00:02:55,969
rise up to claim a share.
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00:03:06,813 --> 00:03:08,106
The creatures here
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00:03:08,190 --> 00:03:11,777
must grab what they can
of this annual banquet.
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00:03:16,615 --> 00:03:19,117
For the light has also set in motion,
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00:03:19,201 --> 00:03:22,621
the greatest transformation of all.
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00:03:26,208 --> 00:03:27,626
Fronds of kelp,
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00:03:27,793 --> 00:03:30,796
a marine alga, rise towards the surface,
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00:03:31,046 --> 00:03:33,507
lifted by their gas-filled bladders.
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00:03:46,812 --> 00:03:50,649
Soon, a marine forest has materialised.
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00:03:54,986 --> 00:03:58,031
Teeming with life of all kinds,
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these green seas
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00:04:05,497 --> 00:04:09,751
are some of the most productive
but fiercely competitive waters
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00:04:09,918 --> 00:04:11,545
in all the oceans.
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00:04:30,522 --> 00:04:32,858
The southern tip of Africa.
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00:04:35,777 --> 00:04:39,239
Here two great oceans collide.
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00:04:50,459 --> 00:04:51,877
In the shallows,
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00:04:52,586 --> 00:04:54,379
fed by rich currents,
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00:04:55,547 --> 00:04:58,467
are bountiful forests of kelp.
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00:05:12,230 --> 00:05:15,692
Barely visible, except for
the pulsating siphons
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00:05:15,775 --> 00:05:17,068
through which it breathes,
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00:05:18,320 --> 00:05:22,282
a common octopus waiting for prey
to pass by.
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00:05:27,579 --> 00:05:29,122
A crab will do.
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00:05:36,963 --> 00:05:39,341
The octopus sets off in pursuit.
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00:06:12,541 --> 00:06:14,292
And then lurks
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00:06:15,794 --> 00:06:18,213
with the patience of an ambush hunter.
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00:06:44,990 --> 00:06:48,076
But the octopus shares the Cape waters
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00:06:48,326 --> 00:06:51,413
with a great concentration
of other predators.
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00:06:59,421 --> 00:07:00,755
Fur seals,
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00:07:02,841 --> 00:07:04,009
and sharks.
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00:07:08,513 --> 00:07:10,056
They all eat octopus,
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00:07:11,850 --> 00:07:13,059
if they can find one.
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00:07:22,777 --> 00:07:25,238
And Pyjama Sharks are experts
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00:07:27,907 --> 00:07:29,909
at hunting in the undergrowth.
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00:07:39,085 --> 00:07:41,713
Time to disappear.
51
00:07:48,053 --> 00:07:50,347
But these tough-skinned little sharks
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00:07:50,430 --> 00:07:54,059
are small enough to reach deep
into crevices.
53
00:08:14,412 --> 00:08:16,998
But the octopus is far from finished.
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00:08:20,627 --> 00:08:24,172
She slips her tentacles
into the shark's gills.
55
00:08:25,590 --> 00:08:28,176
That prevents the shark from breathing.
56
00:08:32,472 --> 00:08:34,974
So the shark has to let go.
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00:08:47,112 --> 00:08:50,448
When caught out
in the open and vulnerable,
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00:08:50,615 --> 00:08:54,661
this octopus does something
truly extraordinary,
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00:08:55,995 --> 00:08:58,373
and never recorded before.
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00:09:09,551 --> 00:09:11,511
She disguises herself
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00:09:14,514 --> 00:09:17,142
with a protective armour of shells.
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00:09:22,480 --> 00:09:23,732
She's hiding
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00:09:24,691 --> 00:09:26,484
in plain sight.
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00:09:37,704 --> 00:09:39,998
The shark can sense its prey.
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00:09:54,763 --> 00:09:56,431
But the shells confuse it.
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00:10:04,063 --> 00:10:06,858
In a forest full of hungry mouths,
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00:10:07,859 --> 00:10:11,696
superior wits allow this octopus
to stay alive.
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00:10:23,875 --> 00:10:25,710
Forests of kelp
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flourish in seasonal waters
around the globe,
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00:10:33,468 --> 00:10:37,263
particularly along the Pacific Coast
of North America.
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00:10:46,231 --> 00:10:48,483
Here, the biggest kelps of all
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00:10:48,608 --> 00:10:50,735
grow in vast forests,
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00:10:51,444 --> 00:10:53,905
stretching for hundreds of miles.
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00:10:59,327 --> 00:11:00,745
In some places,
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00:11:00,912 --> 00:11:05,124
the giant fronds rise up
to 60 metres tall.
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00:11:11,840 --> 00:11:13,675
The thickets they create
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00:11:13,925 --> 00:11:15,593
are crowded with life.
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00:11:24,269 --> 00:11:27,939
Competition here for space and food
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00:11:28,022 --> 00:11:29,482
is intense.
80
00:11:43,454 --> 00:11:45,039
A challenging problem
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00:11:45,456 --> 00:11:47,625
for the Garibaldi fish.
82
00:11:54,507 --> 00:11:57,302
He tends to his patch of seaweed
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00:11:57,552 --> 00:12:00,179
filled with tiny creatures that he eats.
84
00:12:10,064 --> 00:12:11,858
As with most farmers,
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00:12:12,233 --> 00:12:14,152
his work never ends.
86
00:12:19,490 --> 00:12:22,827
He removes snails and any other grazers
87
00:12:23,036 --> 00:12:24,913
that come to eat his algae.
88
00:12:44,265 --> 00:12:46,517
No matter how big they are.
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00:12:57,362 --> 00:13:01,032
He has to deal with pests of all kinds.
90
00:13:04,369 --> 00:13:06,454
This can be the worst of them.
91
00:13:06,704 --> 00:13:11,918
Sea urchins that can scrape off
every vestige of algae from a rock.
92
00:13:13,211 --> 00:13:15,463
Its spines are needle sharp.
93
00:13:18,883 --> 00:13:21,886
Somehow the Garibaldi must remove it.
94
00:13:35,900 --> 00:13:38,569
But the problem with sea urchins
95
00:13:44,075 --> 00:13:46,494
is that they just keep coming.
96
00:14:02,635 --> 00:14:05,680
When evening arrives
and the light fades,
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00:14:05,805 --> 00:14:09,600
he has to stop.
He not only needs a rest,
98
00:14:09,684 --> 00:14:11,602
he needs to hide.
99
00:14:16,357 --> 00:14:18,026
Because at night,
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00:14:18,276 --> 00:14:21,279
predators prowl through these forests.
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00:14:25,950 --> 00:14:27,493
A Torpedo Ray,
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00:14:27,660 --> 00:14:32,623
capable of stunning its victim
with 45 volts of electricity.
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00:14:45,136 --> 00:14:47,305
While the Garibaldi hides,
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00:14:48,806 --> 00:14:51,976
the urchins can feed
without interruption.
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00:15:01,569 --> 00:15:03,654
The light returns,
106
00:15:08,076 --> 00:15:11,037
and he finds his farm is once again
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00:15:11,162 --> 00:15:12,497
under attack.
108
00:15:28,930 --> 00:15:31,224
Urchins like locusts,
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00:15:31,682 --> 00:15:34,018
have the ability to swarm
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00:15:41,400 --> 00:15:43,945
and this can be disastrous
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00:15:44,070 --> 00:15:45,696
not just for the Garibaldi,
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00:15:45,863 --> 00:15:48,032
but for the kelp forest itself.
113
00:16:01,754 --> 00:16:05,049
All the vegetation is now under attack.
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00:16:35,621 --> 00:16:38,249
The urchins move through the forest
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00:16:38,416 --> 00:16:40,585
cutting through the kelp fronds
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00:16:40,751 --> 00:16:44,255
and leaving behind vast barrens.
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00:16:47,925 --> 00:16:49,468
These urchin armies
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00:16:49,594 --> 00:16:51,762
have felled many kelp forests
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00:16:51,929 --> 00:16:54,765
along the Pacific Coast
of North America.
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00:17:02,356 --> 00:17:04,775
But help is at hand.
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00:17:25,546 --> 00:17:27,340
Sea otters.
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All other kinds of otters spend much
of their lives on land.
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00:17:37,308 --> 00:17:40,019
But sea otters rarely leave the water.
124
00:17:43,731 --> 00:17:46,067
At first, a newly born pup
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is not a very good swimmer.
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00:17:48,486 --> 00:17:50,571
So its mother spends hours
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00:17:50,655 --> 00:17:53,407
grooming its fur to make it buoyant.
128
00:18:00,498 --> 00:18:03,042
But to provide her youngster with milk,
129
00:18:03,167 --> 00:18:04,752
and keep herself warm
130
00:18:04,919 --> 00:18:09,507
she must eat up to 50%
of her bodyweight every day.
131
00:18:29,527 --> 00:18:32,863
She does that by eating shellfish.
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00:18:37,952 --> 00:18:42,915
And urchins are among a sea otter's
favourite delicacies.
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00:19:02,101 --> 00:19:06,814
In the past, sea otters were hunted
so intensively for their fur,
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00:19:06,939 --> 00:19:09,275
that they came close to extinction.
135
00:19:14,488 --> 00:19:15,906
With them gone,
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00:19:16,157 --> 00:19:19,410
many kelp forests were replaced with
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00:19:19,577 --> 00:19:21,495
urchin barrens.
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00:19:31,589 --> 00:19:34,592
Today, sea otters are protected.
139
00:19:37,595 --> 00:19:40,014
And as their numbers slowly return,
140
00:19:40,473 --> 00:19:43,934
many of the kelp forests
are recovering too.
141
00:20:00,659 --> 00:20:02,912
Now, in some remote places,
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00:20:02,995 --> 00:20:04,789
sea otters are so numerous,
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00:20:04,872 --> 00:20:07,875
they assemble in huge wafts.
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00:20:13,047 --> 00:20:15,007
Something that hasn't been seen
145
00:20:15,132 --> 00:20:17,051
for over a century.
146
00:21:01,345 --> 00:21:04,390
In the sun drenched
shallows off Australia,
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00:21:05,516 --> 00:21:09,687
kelp is replaced by the sea 's
only flowering plants,
148
00:21:11,856 --> 00:21:13,357
sea grass.
149
00:21:21,574 --> 00:21:24,910
The most extensive of these marine
grasslands
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00:21:25,536 --> 00:21:29,206
can stretch for over 3,000 square miles.
151
00:21:42,970 --> 00:21:44,597
All across the Tropics,
152
00:21:44,889 --> 00:21:47,725
they're patrolled by tiger sharks.
153
00:21:52,897 --> 00:21:55,900
They can grow
up to five metres in length.
154
00:22:02,615 --> 00:22:05,242
And have powerful crushing jaws.
155
00:22:14,335 --> 00:22:17,171
Green turtles are their prey.
156
00:22:22,468 --> 00:22:26,347
The turtles feed almost entirely
on sea grass.
157
00:22:28,307 --> 00:22:33,521
A single one can consume
up to two kilos of it in a day.
158
00:22:50,955 --> 00:22:52,623
But they can never rest easy.
159
00:23:03,884 --> 00:23:08,639
Healthy turtles will keep well away
from an approaching shark.
160
00:23:23,988 --> 00:23:26,824
And just by keeping the turtles
on the move,
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00:23:27,324 --> 00:23:30,411
the sharks prevent
any one patch of sea grass
162
00:23:30,578 --> 00:23:32,371
from being overgrazed.
163
00:23:38,335 --> 00:23:41,255
And that has benefits for us all.
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00:23:50,264 --> 00:23:51,932
A patch of sea grass
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00:23:52,099 --> 00:23:57,062
can absorb and store
55 times as much carbon dioxide
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00:23:57,771 --> 00:24:00,774
as the same area of a rainforest.
167
00:24:06,739 --> 00:24:09,116
So the prairies and their sharks
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00:24:09,283 --> 00:24:11,869
are surprising allies in the fight
169
00:24:11,952 --> 00:24:14,038
against a warming climate.
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00:24:24,298 --> 00:24:27,092
The struggle to survive
in our green seas
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00:24:27,384 --> 00:24:29,762
can have far reaching consequences.
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00:24:32,139 --> 00:24:33,223
Once a year,
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one particular meadow in Australia,
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is transformed.
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00:24:46,070 --> 00:24:49,573
Around the first full moon of winter,
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an army materialises.
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00:24:55,746 --> 00:24:57,414
Spider crabs.
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00:25:06,173 --> 00:25:09,677
For the past year
they've been feeding in deeper waters.
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00:25:20,771 --> 00:25:24,525
Now, they march across
the sea grass plains.
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00:25:43,794 --> 00:25:46,463
Hundreds of thousands of them.
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00:25:55,389 --> 00:25:57,641
They clamber over one another
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creating great mounds
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00:26:12,364 --> 00:26:14,992
nearly a hundred metres long.
184
00:26:18,829 --> 00:26:20,539
They're not seeking mates
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00:26:20,831 --> 00:26:22,875
neither are they laying eggs.
186
00:26:24,001 --> 00:26:26,003
They have come here in order
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00:26:26,712 --> 00:26:28,005
to grow.
188
00:26:31,175 --> 00:26:35,179
Like all crabs, their bodies
are enclosed in a hard
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00:26:35,262 --> 00:26:37,014
unexpandable shell.
190
00:26:39,725 --> 00:26:43,020
So to grow,
they have to break out of it.
191
00:26:53,697 --> 00:26:58,076
And that allows the soft one
that has developed beneath
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00:26:58,243 --> 00:26:59,536
to expand.
193
00:27:07,920 --> 00:27:11,381
It will take days
for the new shell to harden.
194
00:27:24,061 --> 00:27:25,813
Its legs are so limp,
195
00:27:26,063 --> 00:27:27,940
that they won't work properly.
196
00:27:31,902 --> 00:27:33,779
The crab is unprotected
197
00:27:34,238 --> 00:27:35,948
and in great danger.
198
00:27:45,457 --> 00:27:47,918
A smooth stingray.
199
00:27:51,171 --> 00:27:53,841
It's huge, about four metres long.
200
00:27:56,927 --> 00:27:59,847
It wants a soft, freshly moulted crab
201
00:28:00,430 --> 00:28:02,099
that will be easier to eat.
202
00:28:24,705 --> 00:28:26,540
The crabs try to stick together.
203
00:28:35,799 --> 00:28:38,135
But now, disturbed by the ray,
204
00:28:38,343 --> 00:28:39,511
they're scattering.
205
00:28:45,976 --> 00:28:47,561
A newly moulted crab
206
00:28:48,812 --> 00:28:51,356
is too weak to keep up with the crowd.
207
00:29:06,580 --> 00:29:10,417
The safest place is right
in the middle of the pile.
208
00:29:11,835 --> 00:29:15,047
That is why they have
all assembled here.
209
00:29:24,556 --> 00:29:27,184
There is safety in numbers.
210
00:29:43,367 --> 00:29:46,244
But the vast majority
of the crabs escape.
211
00:29:47,537 --> 00:29:49,414
And within the next few days,
212
00:29:49,581 --> 00:29:52,209
they will be ready to return
to the depths,
213
00:29:52,376 --> 00:29:54,878
and resume their lonely wanderings
214
00:29:55,045 --> 00:29:56,546
in search of food.
215
00:30:09,476 --> 00:30:11,728
This is no graveyard.
216
00:30:14,481 --> 00:30:17,776
But the triumph
of a hundred thousand crabs,
217
00:30:18,735 --> 00:30:20,153
successfully moulted.
218
00:30:46,096 --> 00:30:49,182
The green seas of Southern Australia,
219
00:30:49,349 --> 00:30:53,437
are particularly rich in such
spectacular assemblies.
220
00:30:57,441 --> 00:31:02,154
But most of the creatures come together
for a very different reason,
221
00:31:04,322 --> 00:31:05,615
to breed.
222
00:31:10,037 --> 00:31:11,705
The giant cuttlefish.
223
00:31:13,165 --> 00:31:15,292
The largest of all cuttlefish.
224
00:31:23,133 --> 00:31:25,969
They live for just one or two years.
225
00:31:32,350 --> 00:31:35,645
Now, as the Australian summer
draws to an end,
226
00:31:36,354 --> 00:31:39,149
they have one last act to complete.
227
00:31:43,487 --> 00:31:45,030
To find a mate.
228
00:31:50,327 --> 00:31:53,246
But there are
over one hundred thousand males
229
00:31:54,039 --> 00:31:56,625
competing for the arriving females
230
00:31:56,708 --> 00:31:58,168
in this one bay.
231
00:32:04,758 --> 00:32:07,928
Among them, a giant, a true goliath.
232
00:32:08,553 --> 00:32:11,264
He probably weighs about ten kilos.
233
00:32:15,102 --> 00:32:17,896
Bands of colour sweep across his skin.
234
00:32:18,563 --> 00:32:20,690
That's how cuttlefish communicate.
235
00:32:41,378 --> 00:32:45,090
This smaller male couldn't
possibly take him on.
236
00:32:55,142 --> 00:32:58,061
Beside Goliath and under his protection,
237
00:32:58,562 --> 00:33:01,231
a female who has just mated with him.
238
00:33:04,776 --> 00:33:08,071
But other rivals are still interested.
239
00:33:11,992 --> 00:33:15,412
It seems a small male
wouldn't stand a chance.
240
00:33:17,747 --> 00:33:20,584
The female is now displaying
a white stripe
241
00:33:20,667 --> 00:33:23,295
along her side nearest Goliath.
242
00:33:26,673 --> 00:33:30,343
It's a clear signal that she no longer
wants to mate with him.
243
00:33:35,932 --> 00:33:39,519
It's all the encouragement
that the little male needs.
244
00:34:03,627 --> 00:34:05,962
He's going to have to use trickery.
245
00:34:21,478 --> 00:34:23,813
He tones down his colours,
246
00:34:24,648 --> 00:34:27,192
and tucks in his arms.
247
00:34:29,027 --> 00:34:32,656
He's just the right size to mimic
a female.
248
00:34:44,376 --> 00:34:46,670
Goliath is deceived.
249
00:34:49,506 --> 00:34:53,051
The small male now
displays a white stripe,
250
00:34:53,176 --> 00:34:54,761
just like the real female
251
00:34:55,095 --> 00:34:57,013
to deter his advances.
252
00:35:03,561 --> 00:35:05,605
He slips beside her.
253
00:35:08,858 --> 00:35:10,026
And they mate.
254
00:35:21,871 --> 00:35:24,541
By mating with multiple partners,
255
00:35:25,959 --> 00:35:29,713
the female ensures
the greatest genetic diversity
256
00:35:30,046 --> 00:35:31,256
for her young.
257
00:35:37,387 --> 00:35:39,389
The sneaky male leaves,
258
00:35:40,807 --> 00:35:42,976
his final act complete.
259
00:35:48,398 --> 00:35:51,901
So even among giant cuttlefish,
it seems,
260
00:35:54,571 --> 00:35:57,157
it's not all about size.
261
00:36:07,751 --> 00:36:11,504
Other males
in these Australian green pastures,
262
00:36:12,255 --> 00:36:15,675
take greater responsibility
for their young.
263
00:36:25,185 --> 00:36:27,687
A Weedy Sea Dragon.
264
00:36:34,778 --> 00:36:36,196
This is a male
265
00:36:36,488 --> 00:36:39,282
and he's carrying a precious cargo.
266
00:36:41,618 --> 00:36:43,453
While mating with the female,
267
00:36:43,661 --> 00:36:45,288
he collected the eggs
268
00:36:45,455 --> 00:36:47,624
and attached them to his underside.
269
00:36:54,214 --> 00:36:57,467
Now, he's leaving the seaweed thickets
270
00:37:00,345 --> 00:37:02,972
and travelling into more open waters
271
00:37:03,139 --> 00:37:06,059
where elaborate camouflage
is less effective.
272
00:37:15,068 --> 00:37:17,654
And there are many predators out here.
273
00:37:40,677 --> 00:37:44,514
And this is what the fathers
risk their lives for.
274
00:37:53,523 --> 00:37:56,526
Dense clouds of minute shrimp.
275
00:38:00,780 --> 00:38:02,198
Mysids.
276
00:38:03,700 --> 00:38:06,578
One of a sea dragon's favourite foods.
277
00:38:17,630 --> 00:38:20,383
They're drawing other sea dragons
out here too.
278
00:38:44,741 --> 00:38:48,620
Finally, it's time for the young
to break free.
279
00:38:49,913 --> 00:38:53,666
But algae has grown over
these developing eggs.
280
00:38:55,460 --> 00:38:57,587
And it risks smothering them.
281
00:39:02,634 --> 00:39:05,637
Nonetheless, the babies are emerging.
282
00:39:16,940 --> 00:39:19,025
They've hatched successfully.
283
00:39:30,828 --> 00:39:33,831
The fathers return to the tangle of kelp
284
00:39:34,165 --> 00:39:36,209
where they're virtually invisible.
285
00:39:42,799 --> 00:39:45,301
While the young remain out here.
286
00:39:49,639 --> 00:39:51,516
But they will grow quickly,
287
00:39:52,809 --> 00:39:55,812
surrounded as they are
by their ideal food.
288
00:40:06,823 --> 00:40:09,701
Vast numbers of the ocean's young fish,
289
00:40:10,159 --> 00:40:13,162
start their lives in the green seas.
290
00:40:19,335 --> 00:40:24,757
One of the richest nurseries of all,
are the mangrove forests.
291
00:40:30,013 --> 00:40:32,515
Fringing the coastline of the Tropics,
292
00:40:33,349 --> 00:40:37,395
they form a natural protective barrier
between land and sea,
293
00:40:39,522 --> 00:40:42,900
and are some of the world's most
productive forests.
294
00:40:56,706 --> 00:41:00,043
Below the water,
their arching aerial roots
295
00:41:00,126 --> 00:41:01,753
give them a firm footing.
296
00:41:13,640 --> 00:41:16,893
Here there's abundant food
for baby fish.
297
00:41:22,398 --> 00:41:25,985
While the tangled roots protect them
from bigger fish,
298
00:41:26,235 --> 00:41:29,405
and other predators that haunt
the channels.
299
00:42:01,979 --> 00:42:03,856
But in Northern Australia
300
00:42:05,108 --> 00:42:07,193
with the receding tide,
301
00:42:09,028 --> 00:42:13,157
the little fish are forced
to leave their shelter.
302
00:42:18,621 --> 00:42:20,998
And now, they're vulnerable.
303
00:43:08,171 --> 00:43:12,216
It's the most deadly assassin
in the green seas.
304
00:43:20,516 --> 00:43:22,852
The Zebra Mantis Shrimp.
305
00:43:23,853 --> 00:43:26,939
A male, almost 40 centimetres long.
306
00:43:45,208 --> 00:43:47,960
But he's not hunting just for himself.
307
00:43:53,883 --> 00:43:56,886
He's collecting food for his mate.
308
00:43:58,805 --> 00:44:02,558
She may have been his partner
for 20 years.
309
00:44:10,900 --> 00:44:13,820
She relies on him to bring her food.
310
00:44:16,572 --> 00:44:20,159
And puts her energy
into her eggs instead.
311
00:44:25,164 --> 00:44:27,250
In a world so full of food,
312
00:44:27,416 --> 00:44:29,836
this would seem a sensible strategy.
313
00:44:38,135 --> 00:44:40,263
But it's also a risky one.
314
00:45:07,039 --> 00:45:10,835
Were her male to disappear,
she could starve.
315
00:45:19,510 --> 00:45:22,638
Something has caught
this mate's attention.
316
00:45:25,641 --> 00:45:28,144
Perhaps an irresistible odour
317
00:45:29,812 --> 00:45:31,522
or a distant call.
318
00:45:34,817 --> 00:45:38,988
Whatever the reason,
a male will leave his burrow
319
00:45:40,031 --> 00:45:42,158
and his lifelong mate.
320
00:45:51,334 --> 00:45:53,252
An even larger hole.
321
00:46:06,057 --> 00:46:08,434
Females who have lost their mates
322
00:46:08,601 --> 00:46:11,103
appear to send out distress signals
323
00:46:11,270 --> 00:46:13,606
to call in a new male.
324
00:46:19,695 --> 00:46:22,365
A larger female will produce more eggs.
325
00:46:22,698 --> 00:46:24,533
So by mating with her,
326
00:46:25,201 --> 00:46:27,370
he will father more offspring.
327
00:46:33,042 --> 00:46:36,379
But infidelity comes at a price.
328
00:46:40,216 --> 00:46:43,970
A larger partner demands more food.
329
00:46:59,235 --> 00:47:02,822
The richer a sea,
the greater the competition.
330
00:47:04,240 --> 00:47:06,492
And there is one green sea
331
00:47:06,742 --> 00:47:10,746
that supports more life
than all the rest combined.
332
00:47:13,916 --> 00:47:17,253
Unlike the mangrove forests
and the sea grass prairies,
333
00:47:17,461 --> 00:47:20,423
its location is in the open seas,
334
00:47:20,589 --> 00:47:23,759
and only temporary and unpredictable.
335
00:47:29,015 --> 00:47:32,768
This greenness comes
not from rooted plants,
336
00:47:35,771 --> 00:47:38,274
but from clouds of floating ones.
337
00:47:48,701 --> 00:47:51,829
Billions of microscopic phytoplankton
338
00:47:52,288 --> 00:47:53,789
are proliferating.
339
00:47:59,712 --> 00:48:01,380
And in such numbers,
340
00:48:01,505 --> 00:48:05,968
that they fuel one
of the greatest feasts of all.
341
00:48:15,144 --> 00:48:17,354
Off America's Pacific Coast,
342
00:48:18,355 --> 00:48:22,943
hundreds of common dolphins
are rushing to a banquet.
343
00:48:32,995 --> 00:48:35,164
They're not the only ones homing in.
344
00:48:38,501 --> 00:48:40,419
So are sea lions.
345
00:48:46,258 --> 00:48:49,678
They're heading
for Monterey Bay, California,
346
00:48:51,055 --> 00:48:54,767
where algal blooms have caused
an explosion,
347
00:48:55,726 --> 00:48:57,686
in plankton feeders.
348
00:49:00,564 --> 00:49:01,857
Anchovies,
349
00:49:02,566 --> 00:49:03,943
millions of them.
350
00:49:11,117 --> 00:49:14,245
The dolphins herd the anchovies
towards the surface.
351
00:49:18,040 --> 00:49:22,545
Sea birds and sea lions
take advantage of the shoals appearance.
352
00:49:27,883 --> 00:49:30,970
It's a race to grab a share
before others arrive.
353
00:49:51,782 --> 00:49:53,117
Hump Back Whales,
354
00:49:55,578 --> 00:49:56,912
hundreds of them.
355
00:50:07,590 --> 00:50:13,429
With every upward lunge, they sieve
out up to a 100 kilos of fish.
356
00:50:31,197 --> 00:50:36,452
They're claiming the biggest share
of one of the biggest feasts on earth.
357
00:51:07,483 --> 00:51:09,985
So crucial are these tiny plankton,
358
00:51:10,361 --> 00:51:14,490
that almost all marine life ultimately
depends upon them.
359
00:51:25,668 --> 00:51:29,380
It's the green seas, not the blue
360
00:51:31,006 --> 00:51:33,842
that are the basis of almost all life
361
00:51:34,343 --> 00:51:36,387
in the world's oceans.
362
00:52:13,549 --> 00:52:16,010
Next time on Blue Planet II,
363
00:52:16,093 --> 00:52:20,097
we meet the creatures
that live where two worlds collide.
364
00:52:22,725 --> 00:52:28,147
And discover how they cope with the
demands of the ever-changing coasts.
29117
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