Would you like to inspect the original subtitles? These are the user uploaded subtitles that are being translated:
1
00:00:02,210 --> 00:00:05,910
we owe much to the ancient Greeks from
2
00:00:05,910 --> 00:00:08,700
the invention of democracy to citizens
3
00:00:08,700 --> 00:00:11,219
participation in government to the
4
00:00:11,219 --> 00:00:15,030
Olympic Games the Greeks laid the
5
00:00:15,030 --> 00:00:17,279
foundations of science and created
6
00:00:17,279 --> 00:00:18,680
Western drama
7
00:00:18,680 --> 00:00:21,919
[Music]
8
00:00:21,919 --> 00:00:25,470
the Romans conquered and unified Europe
9
00:00:25,470 --> 00:00:27,739
their greatest achievements lay in
10
00:00:27,739 --> 00:00:30,660
administration infrastructure and above
11
00:00:30,660 --> 00:00:33,560
all their system of law
12
00:00:33,560 --> 00:00:36,609
[Music]
13
00:00:36,850 --> 00:00:40,150
the Vikings stormed onto the world stage
14
00:00:40,150 --> 00:00:43,329
as Raiders from the sea but they went on
15
00:00:43,329 --> 00:00:45,670
to build a vast network of Trade and
16
00:00:45,670 --> 00:00:49,350
they were the first to discover America
17
00:00:49,350 --> 00:00:53,110
between them these three peoples were
18
00:00:53,110 --> 00:00:55,770
the founders of Europe
19
00:00:55,770 --> 00:00:59,739
[Music]
20
00:01:02,040 --> 00:01:04,840
once they were dreaded but the
21
00:01:04,840 --> 00:01:06,700
achievements and discoveries of the
22
00:01:06,700 --> 00:01:11,370
Northmen helped shape modern Europe
23
00:01:12,120 --> 00:01:20,030
[Music]
24
00:01:22,920 --> 00:01:26,020
the Vikings came from the far north of
25
00:01:26,020 --> 00:01:28,630
Europe or what one Roman historian
26
00:01:28,630 --> 00:01:34,240
called the World's End the Romans called
27
00:01:34,240 --> 00:01:38,850
this distant region Scandinavia
28
00:01:40,840 --> 00:01:44,630
to outsiders it was a mysterious place
29
00:01:44,630 --> 00:01:50,030
when nature ruled it was not only
30
00:01:50,030 --> 00:01:53,540
distant but almost empty a place where
31
00:01:53,540 --> 00:01:56,920
ice met fire
32
00:01:57,340 --> 00:01:59,000
[Music]
33
00:01:59,000 --> 00:02:02,200
they're the untamed forces of nature
34
00:02:02,200 --> 00:02:06,530
predominated and no matter where you
35
00:02:06,530 --> 00:02:07,070
went
36
00:02:07,070 --> 00:02:10,419
the sea was never far away
37
00:02:10,419 --> 00:02:14,799
[Music]
38
00:02:15,060 --> 00:02:18,510
the Scandinavian ghosts comprising
39
00:02:18,510 --> 00:02:21,000
stretches of today's Denmark Norway and
40
00:02:21,000 --> 00:02:26,660
Sweden were the homeland of the Vikings
41
00:02:28,240 --> 00:02:30,220
when the Northmen set out in their
42
00:02:30,220 --> 00:02:34,730
longships they terrorized much of europe
43
00:02:34,730 --> 00:02:39,270
[Music]
44
00:02:39,270 --> 00:02:41,790
one of their earliest raids came in the
45
00:02:41,790 --> 00:02:44,460
years 793 when the dragon ships
46
00:02:44,460 --> 00:02:50,330
descended upon England their objective
47
00:02:50,330 --> 00:02:52,560
monastery on the island of Lindisfarne
48
00:02:52,560 --> 00:02:55,200
an important place of pilgrimage off
49
00:02:55,200 --> 00:03:01,920
Northumberland on the island the monks
50
00:03:01,920 --> 00:03:05,900
lived the life of work and prayer
51
00:03:08,770 --> 00:03:13,010
these pious men were rich and peaceful
52
00:03:13,010 --> 00:03:15,530
they defended their treasures with words
53
00:03:15,530 --> 00:03:18,580
not weapons
54
00:03:19,700 --> 00:03:22,640
to the Vikings a god who had died on the
55
00:03:22,640 --> 00:03:24,830
cross must be weak
56
00:03:24,830 --> 00:03:28,019
[Music]
57
00:03:29,930 --> 00:03:32,850
he must be a God who was unable to fight
58
00:03:32,850 --> 00:03:36,050
or protect his people
59
00:03:37,230 --> 00:03:38,770
[Music]
60
00:03:38,770 --> 00:03:41,440
so the treasures of the monastery were
61
00:03:41,440 --> 00:03:50,410
there for the taking the monastery lay
62
00:03:50,410 --> 00:03:53,020
close to the coast once the ships had
63
00:03:53,020 --> 00:03:55,090
reached the shore the Raiders would fall
64
00:03:55,090 --> 00:03:56,980
on the victims immediately without
65
00:03:56,980 --> 00:04:03,010
warning and without quarter that was the
66
00:04:03,010 --> 00:04:06,130
typical Viking strategy long term plans
67
00:04:06,130 --> 00:04:10,150
were not for them the men on the ships
68
00:04:10,150 --> 00:04:13,300
were fearless seasoned fighters this was
69
00:04:13,300 --> 00:04:16,890
not their first raid on England
70
00:04:21,180 --> 00:04:23,280
the treasures of the English church
71
00:04:23,280 --> 00:04:26,720
drools them like a magnet
72
00:04:29,690 --> 00:04:32,240
by the time the monks noticed the
73
00:04:32,240 --> 00:04:35,500
invaders it was too late
74
00:04:43,370 --> 00:04:46,020
with their attack on the a bo Linda's
75
00:04:46,020 --> 00:04:46,500
fun
76
00:04:46,500 --> 00:04:48,690
the Vikings opened a new chapter in
77
00:04:48,690 --> 00:04:51,260
world history
78
00:04:52,430 --> 00:04:54,870
no sooner had the monk seen the Viking
79
00:04:54,870 --> 00:04:57,030
ships on horizon the new warriors would
80
00:04:57,030 --> 00:04:58,530
have been here standing at the monastery
81
00:04:58,530 --> 00:05:00,330
for the monks this would have been a
82
00:05:00,330 --> 00:05:03,180
traumatic experience many of them saw it
83
00:05:03,180 --> 00:05:04,680
as a sign of what's to come and they
84
00:05:04,680 --> 00:05:07,080
were right the raids continued until
85
00:05:07,080 --> 00:05:08,520
eventually the monks were forced to
86
00:05:08,520 --> 00:05:09,920
abandon the monastery
87
00:05:09,920 --> 00:05:15,470
[Music]
88
00:05:15,470 --> 00:05:19,280
so began an age of fear the pagan
89
00:05:19,280 --> 00:05:21,830
strangers were huge men who knew neither
90
00:05:21,830 --> 00:05:25,150
fear nor mercy
91
00:05:26,910 --> 00:05:29,400
the Vikings became notorious for their
92
00:05:29,400 --> 00:05:32,270
brutality
93
00:05:33,820 --> 00:05:35,760
[Music]
94
00:05:35,760 --> 00:05:39,340
worst of all were the berserkers wild
95
00:05:39,340 --> 00:05:41,680
men who worked themselves into a frenzy
96
00:05:41,680 --> 00:05:49,210
of slaughter the men of the cloth
97
00:05:49,210 --> 00:05:51,340
happened a chance against the onslaught
98
00:05:51,340 --> 00:05:56,340
from the scene all he could do was pray
99
00:06:01,839 --> 00:06:04,249
most of the monks were killed on the
100
00:06:04,249 --> 00:06:12,710
spot any who survived were enslaved the
101
00:06:12,710 --> 00:06:14,779
booty made the Raiders powerful and
102
00:06:14,779 --> 00:06:18,219
famous in their homeland
103
00:06:20,610 --> 00:06:23,080
they carried off as much as they could
104
00:06:23,080 --> 00:06:26,249
load aboard their ships
105
00:06:31,860 --> 00:06:34,870
behind them they left death and
106
00:06:34,870 --> 00:06:37,410
destruction
107
00:06:41,030 --> 00:06:43,770
the raid on Lindisfarne was only the
108
00:06:43,770 --> 00:06:46,500
beginning from then on the dragon ships
109
00:06:46,500 --> 00:06:48,690
attacked the English coast again and
110
00:06:48,690 --> 00:06:55,590
again in the early Middle Ages half of
111
00:06:55,590 --> 00:06:59,840
Europe lived in fear of the Vikings
112
00:07:00,800 --> 00:07:03,449
there were the most successful warriors
113
00:07:03,449 --> 00:07:05,970
of their time yet their personal
114
00:07:05,970 --> 00:07:08,550
equipment was nothing special hardly any
115
00:07:08,550 --> 00:07:11,310
of them had chainmail nor were their
116
00:07:11,310 --> 00:07:14,479
weapons exception
117
00:07:17,759 --> 00:07:21,009
only a few of them had helmets and none
118
00:07:21,009 --> 00:07:25,680
of the helmets had horns that is a myth
119
00:07:25,979 --> 00:07:28,389
warriors in horned helmets first
120
00:07:28,389 --> 00:07:35,169
appeared in Gardner's operas there has
121
00:07:35,169 --> 00:07:37,150
also been speculation about what drove
122
00:07:37,150 --> 00:07:40,090
the berserkers was it perhaps magic
123
00:07:40,090 --> 00:07:44,349
mushrooms but they induced nausea so
124
00:07:44,349 --> 00:07:47,129
probably not
125
00:07:47,729 --> 00:07:51,069
perhaps other plants played a role they
126
00:07:51,069 --> 00:07:53,280
too could have acted as stimulants a
127
00:07:53,280 --> 00:07:55,020
[Music]
128
00:07:55,020 --> 00:07:58,210
fungus spanning grain is said to bring
129
00:07:58,210 --> 00:08:02,319
on hallucinations the practice of shield
130
00:08:02,319 --> 00:08:03,969
biting could have been a form of
131
00:08:03,969 --> 00:08:09,460
self-hypnosis but most authorities
132
00:08:09,460 --> 00:08:11,319
believe that the Vikings did not use
133
00:08:11,319 --> 00:08:14,589
drugs instead they shouted themselves
134
00:08:14,589 --> 00:08:17,110
into a fighting mood this released
135
00:08:17,110 --> 00:08:21,310
hormones that made them disregard pain
136
00:08:21,310 --> 00:08:22,800
[Music]
137
00:08:22,800 --> 00:08:24,789
nowadays would believe that it was their
138
00:08:24,789 --> 00:08:26,800
fighting spirit and not their weapons
139
00:08:26,800 --> 00:08:28,270
that made the Vikings such effective
140
00:08:28,270 --> 00:08:30,129
warriors this was a time when most
141
00:08:30,129 --> 00:08:32,019
people were violent but perhaps the
142
00:08:32,019 --> 00:08:33,519
Vikings more than anyone else really
143
00:08:33,519 --> 00:08:36,159
understood how violence worked the even
144
00:08:36,159 --> 00:08:38,289
gaze of swords names celebrating it
145
00:08:38,289 --> 00:08:41,260
battle blazed bloodthirster life hater
146
00:08:41,260 --> 00:08:43,630
these swords weren't better than others
147
00:08:43,630 --> 00:08:45,519
but they were an integral part of their
148
00:08:45,519 --> 00:08:48,010
owners life important possessions we can
149
00:08:48,010 --> 00:08:49,990
compare this to those people today who
150
00:08:49,990 --> 00:08:53,610
gave names to their boats or cars
151
00:08:54,710 --> 00:08:57,840
the Vikings most important weapon was
152
00:08:57,840 --> 00:09:00,510
their ships their lawn ships were not
153
00:09:00,510 --> 00:09:03,120
only the fastest craft of their time but
154
00:09:03,120 --> 00:09:10,230
also the most stable from the coasts of
155
00:09:10,230 --> 00:09:12,780
Scandinavia the Vikings sail to the
156
00:09:12,780 --> 00:09:16,080
Baltic to England the Rhineland France
157
00:09:16,080 --> 00:09:19,410
Spain and Italy they descended upon
158
00:09:19,410 --> 00:09:22,320
cultural and trading centers wherever
159
00:09:22,320 --> 00:09:26,840
they were coasts or navigable rivers
160
00:09:30,260 --> 00:09:32,300
the dragon ships had room for raiding
161
00:09:32,300 --> 00:09:37,280
parties of several dozen men Farah Evy
162
00:09:37,280 --> 00:09:39,500
King is what they call their expeditions
163
00:09:39,500 --> 00:09:43,190
in search of booty going uh Viking in
164
00:09:43,190 --> 00:09:51,500
other words going on raids overseas but
165
00:09:51,500 --> 00:09:54,110
there was another more peaceful side to
166
00:09:54,110 --> 00:09:59,480
the Vikings they spent most of their
167
00:09:59,480 --> 00:10:02,300
time at home as fishermen farmers or
168
00:10:02,300 --> 00:10:10,670
craftsmen the things they made in their
169
00:10:10,670 --> 00:10:13,670
villages were easily traded above all
170
00:10:13,670 --> 00:10:17,920
tanned animal skins and furs
171
00:10:19,000 --> 00:10:22,460
some even fashioned rune stones but the
172
00:10:22,460 --> 00:10:24,350
majority lived from the bounty of the
173
00:10:24,350 --> 00:10:28,600
land the sea or the many lakes
174
00:10:29,750 --> 00:10:32,600
they're Smitty's were famous many a
175
00:10:32,600 --> 00:10:34,480
piece of loot was melted down
176
00:10:34,480 --> 00:10:37,009
particularly precious coins were
177
00:10:37,009 --> 00:10:40,569
sometimes worked into jewelry
178
00:10:41,620 --> 00:10:44,720
the typical Viking house was small and
179
00:10:44,720 --> 00:10:47,750
without windows much rarer were the big
180
00:10:47,750 --> 00:10:50,180
long houses were the clan chiefs and
181
00:10:50,180 --> 00:10:55,069
their families lived at the beginning of
182
00:10:55,069 --> 00:10:57,259
the Viking era the Northmen had neither
183
00:10:57,259 --> 00:11:00,079
a state nor the kingdom they were
184
00:11:00,079 --> 00:11:03,139
organized in large family clans were the
185
00:11:03,139 --> 00:11:06,800
leader the yawl the most powerful yowls
186
00:11:06,800 --> 00:11:11,449
were a kind of less of prince below the
187
00:11:11,449 --> 00:11:13,790
yowls came the free men they were
188
00:11:13,790 --> 00:11:16,550
farmers fishermen craftsmen or merchants
189
00:11:16,550 --> 00:11:19,220
their wives were the mistress of the
190
00:11:19,220 --> 00:11:22,040
house if in some of the men went raiding
191
00:11:22,040 --> 00:11:26,829
or trading they ran the household alone
192
00:11:27,459 --> 00:11:30,769
at the bottom were the landless who
193
00:11:30,769 --> 00:11:36,259
worked as servants or maids all the
194
00:11:36,259 --> 00:11:38,420
important decisions were made at an
195
00:11:38,420 --> 00:11:40,459
assembly of the freemen of the district
196
00:11:40,459 --> 00:11:45,110
that thing they met at an appointed time
197
00:11:45,110 --> 00:11:48,500
in the open air there they made
198
00:11:48,500 --> 00:11:50,750
important decisions and discussed the
199
00:11:50,750 --> 00:11:56,600
law to resolve disputes pursue yahar
200
00:11:56,600 --> 00:11:58,790
monte rosa made oh my name's I don't
201
00:11:58,790 --> 00:12:01,550
attend I name Choi dong different
202
00:12:01,550 --> 00:12:04,370
aligote ate the Emerson line a mine on
203
00:12:04,370 --> 00:12:07,220
time very pursues our invaders or yet
204
00:12:07,220 --> 00:12:09,150
straight
205
00:12:09,150 --> 00:12:12,580
in Iceland the freemen met at the foot
206
00:12:12,580 --> 00:12:15,160
of a volcanic chasm which they regarded
207
00:12:15,160 --> 00:12:17,980
as a magical spot there they held a
208
00:12:17,980 --> 00:12:21,430
general assembly the old thing an early
209
00:12:21,430 --> 00:12:25,900
version of Parliament there were also
210
00:12:25,900 --> 00:12:29,710
trading tons like beocca Capon and high
211
00:12:29,710 --> 00:12:32,890
taboo in today's living holstein they
212
00:12:32,890 --> 00:12:35,110
carried on international trade as early
213
00:12:35,110 --> 00:12:41,470
as the 10th century high table was a
214
00:12:41,470 --> 00:12:44,200
town of around a thousand people it was
215
00:12:44,200 --> 00:12:46,150
famous for hosting ships from many
216
00:12:46,150 --> 00:12:48,720
different countries
217
00:12:54,430 --> 00:12:57,230
merchants from all over Europe came to
218
00:12:57,230 --> 00:12:59,810
hi taboo to exchange their wares for
219
00:12:59,810 --> 00:13:02,980
jewelry and goods looted by the Vikings
220
00:13:02,980 --> 00:13:10,390
[Music]
221
00:13:11,059 --> 00:13:14,059
a trader from the Orient praised high
222
00:13:14,059 --> 00:13:18,259
taboo as a great town at the farthest
223
00:13:18,259 --> 00:13:22,339
end of the ocean the Northman's feasts
224
00:13:22,339 --> 00:13:29,599
were notorious they liked to drink
225
00:13:29,599 --> 00:13:32,359
in large quantities and often getting
226
00:13:32,359 --> 00:13:43,099
drunk was a sign of manlings but the
227
00:13:43,099 --> 00:13:45,679
great feasts held by princes it was
228
00:13:45,679 --> 00:13:48,619
customary to have a sculpt a poet to
229
00:13:48,619 --> 00:13:57,139
sing the hosts praises the gasps planned
230
00:13:57,139 --> 00:14:01,849
by Fisher I need a husband Hotel once
231
00:14:01,849 --> 00:14:05,259
I'll invite Christ in custard
232
00:14:05,259 --> 00:14:10,219
yeah of course a finish line that I
233
00:14:10,219 --> 00:14:14,089
shall be a home lessons Allah anti hub
234
00:14:14,089 --> 00:14:26,329
new to the end test my ID yeah Casey how
235
00:14:26,329 --> 00:14:29,959
Smith feeling system what activation by
236
00:14:29,959 --> 00:14:34,909
price now yeah can wecan hundra but had
237
00:14:34,909 --> 00:14:38,799
assurance the flower society
238
00:14:41,750 --> 00:14:48,420
God hears zakharov beyond to the dr.
239
00:14:48,420 --> 00:14:53,899
banner or the phone since a blunt
240
00:14:53,899 --> 00:15:00,149
enticement it is on on dia site of an
241
00:15:00,149 --> 00:15:03,630
out advisor gasp pointless visas of mine
242
00:15:03,630 --> 00:15:07,610
and feeling highs not nearly tada
243
00:15:10,870 --> 00:15:12,350
[Music]
244
00:15:12,350 --> 00:15:15,529
the skulls went from court to court
245
00:15:15,529 --> 00:15:18,630
reciting heroic legends and verses
246
00:15:18,630 --> 00:15:22,600
praising the prince who was hosting them
247
00:15:22,600 --> 00:15:24,290
[Music]
248
00:15:24,290 --> 00:15:27,270
the works they recited were passed on by
249
00:15:27,270 --> 00:15:29,640
word of mouth and only written down from
250
00:15:29,640 --> 00:15:35,100
the 12th century on the Icelandic sagas
251
00:15:35,100 --> 00:15:37,649
and the editor poems told of the deeds
252
00:15:37,649 --> 00:15:40,380
of courageous men of drinking parties
253
00:15:40,380 --> 00:15:43,080
and pirates raids of wandering the seas
254
00:15:43,080 --> 00:15:44,540
and walls
255
00:15:44,540 --> 00:15:47,150
[Music]
256
00:15:47,150 --> 00:15:50,010
but they also told of the Vikings gods
257
00:15:50,010 --> 00:15:52,770
and there were a lot of them the gods
258
00:15:52,770 --> 00:15:55,110
were not however he only figures the
259
00:15:55,110 --> 00:15:57,040
people of the Viking imagination
260
00:15:57,040 --> 00:16:03,370
[Music]
261
00:16:03,370 --> 00:16:06,440
the world of the Vikings was a world of
262
00:16:06,440 --> 00:16:08,949
secrets
263
00:16:10,780 --> 00:16:13,600
it was an inexhaustible source of myths
264
00:16:13,600 --> 00:16:16,600
and magic they believed that every crack
265
00:16:16,600 --> 00:16:19,270
in the ground every geyser was the home
266
00:16:19,270 --> 00:16:22,140
of a spirit
267
00:16:26,880 --> 00:16:30,600
a giant could live in a volcano or a
268
00:16:30,600 --> 00:16:34,700
dwarf tender smithy
269
00:16:36,259 --> 00:16:39,059
they believe that Giants were involved
270
00:16:39,059 --> 00:16:44,849
even in the creation of the world in the
271
00:16:44,849 --> 00:16:47,419
beginning there was only fire and ice
272
00:16:47,419 --> 00:16:50,129
when they met it brought forth the
273
00:16:50,129 --> 00:16:51,599
ancestral father
274
00:16:51,599 --> 00:16:55,529
yamir but the gods killed
275
00:16:55,529 --> 00:16:57,989
yamir they made the earth from his flesh
276
00:16:57,989 --> 00:17:00,419
and the Seas from his blood the
277
00:17:00,419 --> 00:17:02,999
mountains from his bones and the forests
278
00:17:02,999 --> 00:17:09,839
from his head his skull became the sky
279
00:17:09,839 --> 00:17:13,589
his brain the clouds the first man and
280
00:17:13,589 --> 00:17:15,848
woman were created from two tree trunks
281
00:17:15,848 --> 00:17:18,378
[Music]
282
00:17:18,378 --> 00:17:22,339
the chief god Odin lived in Valhalla a
283
00:17:22,339 --> 00:17:25,109
rainbow bridge connected his realm with
284
00:17:25,109 --> 00:17:30,990
the world of men his son for made
285
00:17:30,990 --> 00:17:32,700
thunder and lightning with his hammer
286
00:17:32,700 --> 00:17:36,440
unguarded mankind
287
00:17:38,310 --> 00:17:41,500
whatever the problem people turn to Thor
288
00:17:41,500 --> 00:17:42,020
for help
289
00:17:42,020 --> 00:17:45,150
[Music]
290
00:17:45,230 --> 00:17:47,900
but when someone died they sometimes
291
00:17:47,900 --> 00:17:52,040
sought the advice of a witch husbands
292
00:17:52,040 --> 00:17:54,200
and fathers were often killed on raids
293
00:17:54,200 --> 00:17:58,429
over the sea their family's hoped that
294
00:17:58,429 --> 00:18:00,650
the wise women would be able to answer
295
00:18:00,650 --> 00:18:05,500
the question where is the dead man now
296
00:18:08,020 --> 00:18:10,090
for no one could say for sure what
297
00:18:10,090 --> 00:18:13,030
happened after death only one thing was
298
00:18:13,030 --> 00:18:15,790
certain not everyone was granted an
299
00:18:15,790 --> 00:18:18,240
afterlife
300
00:18:18,450 --> 00:18:21,190
the Vikings believed that the souls of
301
00:18:21,190 --> 00:18:23,020
those who did not succeed in entering
302
00:18:23,020 --> 00:18:25,750
the other world haunted the earth to
303
00:18:25,750 --> 00:18:29,020
terrorize the living Bihar means like a
304
00:18:29,020 --> 00:18:30,300
bath
305
00:18:30,300 --> 00:18:33,660
yes caught
306
00:18:34,620 --> 00:18:40,379
via co-star em come miss von stein a
307
00:18:40,379 --> 00:18:45,779
bundle in which Isis list of I spear
308
00:18:45,779 --> 00:18:48,720
this matches with English eat or
309
00:18:48,720 --> 00:18:51,350
hindered again
310
00:18:51,980 --> 00:18:55,639
the cannon on - candy and Ovid's - Doris
311
00:18:55,639 --> 00:18:59,210
foodle design a verdict instead was to
312
00:18:59,210 --> 00:19:01,190
meet a guy stand his father's business
313
00:19:01,190 --> 00:19:05,290
handle hot bath
314
00:19:05,290 --> 00:19:08,830
many in the car Gonzaga defer the sign
315
00:19:08,830 --> 00:19:13,320
cops vision gonna be negated
316
00:19:16,870 --> 00:19:19,820
only courageous warriors found a place
317
00:19:19,820 --> 00:19:20,900
in the other world
318
00:19:20,900 --> 00:19:26,000
they reached Valhalla Valhalla was
319
00:19:26,000 --> 00:19:29,420
Odin's Hall Odin and his wife lived
320
00:19:29,420 --> 00:19:31,550
there and enjoyed watching contests
321
00:19:31,550 --> 00:19:36,020
between the Fallen Vikings in Valhalla
322
00:19:36,020 --> 00:19:38,360
the warrior elite would live until the
323
00:19:38,360 --> 00:19:41,060
end of the world in the daytime they
324
00:19:41,060 --> 00:19:43,250
tested their strength in single combats
325
00:19:43,250 --> 00:19:46,280
in the evening they celebrated as Odin's
326
00:19:46,280 --> 00:19:50,510
table with Mead and meat as for those
327
00:19:50,510 --> 00:19:53,210
not lucky enough to die in battle help
328
00:19:53,210 --> 00:19:56,510
awaited them it is an old norse word
329
00:19:56,510 --> 00:19:59,870
related to the english word hell a dark
330
00:19:59,870 --> 00:20:07,160
place of lifeless souls those who could
331
00:20:07,160 --> 00:20:08,720
afford it gave their departed and
332
00:20:08,720 --> 00:20:11,480
elaborate funeral one of the largest
333
00:20:11,480 --> 00:20:15,410
Viking graves is in southern sweden the
334
00:20:15,410 --> 00:20:17,960
dead man's urn is surrounded by giant
335
00:20:17,960 --> 00:20:20,480
rocks set up in the shape of a boat that
336
00:20:20,480 --> 00:20:23,370
was to take him into the afterworld
337
00:20:23,370 --> 00:20:26,740
[Music]
338
00:20:26,740 --> 00:20:30,440
some were buried in actual boats the
339
00:20:30,440 --> 00:20:32,420
most famous boat burial site was
340
00:20:32,420 --> 00:20:35,660
discovered by a farmer in Norway in 1903
341
00:20:35,660 --> 00:20:40,820
a year later archeologists uncovered
342
00:20:40,820 --> 00:20:44,510
their surberg ship it was 22 metres long
343
00:20:44,510 --> 00:20:52,580
and made of oak behind the masked layer
344
00:20:52,580 --> 00:20:55,130
burial chamber containing two female
345
00:20:55,130 --> 00:20:58,040
skeletons those who buried them must
346
00:20:58,040 --> 00:21:06,650
have been wealthy the Osterberg ship is
347
00:21:06,650 --> 00:21:10,610
now in a museum in Oslo Moray yacht from
348
00:21:10,610 --> 00:21:13,340
a warship it testifies to the unique
349
00:21:13,340 --> 00:21:17,990
shipbuilding skills of the Vikings among
350
00:21:17,990 --> 00:21:19,850
the burial objects would decorated
351
00:21:19,850 --> 00:21:22,610
wooden carts and sledges everything that
352
00:21:22,610 --> 00:21:24,230
a Viking needed for a comfortable
353
00:21:24,230 --> 00:21:26,830
afterlife
354
00:21:28,010 --> 00:21:30,429
[Music]
355
00:21:30,429 --> 00:21:33,500
the skeletons belong to a very old woman
356
00:21:33,500 --> 00:21:36,679
and a young girl probably a queen with
357
00:21:36,679 --> 00:21:39,070
her maid
358
00:21:40,170 --> 00:21:43,279
[Music]
359
00:21:45,640 --> 00:21:48,890
one thing is certain the person who had
360
00:21:48,890 --> 00:21:51,080
such a valuable grave must have been
361
00:21:51,080 --> 00:21:56,450
very influential the OSHA Bell ship
362
00:21:56,450 --> 00:21:58,789
remains the most important find from the
363
00:21:58,789 --> 00:22:04,039
Viking era anguish misandry over the
364
00:22:04,039 --> 00:22:06,110
golden key elegant evicting a strong leg
365
00:22:06,110 --> 00:22:07,640
vein extends itself suddenly stopped
366
00:22:07,640 --> 00:22:08,179
giving
367
00:22:08,179 --> 00:22:10,340
allottee ether leader on under the text
368
00:22:10,340 --> 00:22:11,779
word nursing home it lighter
369
00:22:11,779 --> 00:22:13,610
especially me anticipating standard
370
00:22:13,610 --> 00:22:16,010
meters the wicked side sent Java Hopeton
371
00:22:16,010 --> 00:22:17,480
intricacies abandon each on the
372
00:22:17,480 --> 00:22:20,090
literally goes ba son de ser toll around
373
00:22:20,090 --> 00:22:22,909
so with the hiding in Scandinavia in the
374
00:22:22,909 --> 00:22:25,640
10th century this tolerance encouraged
375
00:22:25,640 --> 00:22:29,169
an intermingling of faith
376
00:22:32,270 --> 00:22:34,309
the Vikings gradually assimilated
377
00:22:34,309 --> 00:22:37,070
Christian concepts into their world of
378
00:22:37,070 --> 00:22:40,840
magic and Nordic gods
379
00:22:44,440 --> 00:22:46,910
many people took to wearing both the
380
00:22:46,910 --> 00:22:52,610
pagan amulet and the cross they were
381
00:22:52,610 --> 00:22:54,620
happy to accept protection from both
382
00:22:54,620 --> 00:22:58,270
four and Christ
383
00:23:02,000 --> 00:23:04,940
over time missionary monks converted
384
00:23:04,940 --> 00:23:09,220
more and more Vikings to Christianity
385
00:23:11,990 --> 00:23:14,160
don't you be sure is some tension in
386
00:23:14,160 --> 00:23:16,470
1900 missionary on a Scandinavian
387
00:23:16,470 --> 00:23:19,050
unsanctioned anoxia vinegar fold the
388
00:23:19,050 --> 00:23:21,180
envelope stated mission in front of
389
00:23:21,180 --> 00:23:22,380
Gentiles came straight out from England
390
00:23:22,380 --> 00:23:24,450
asking first envelope therefore ekata
391
00:23:24,450 --> 00:23:27,120
had fish eaten it will certainly garnish
392
00:23:27,120 --> 00:23:29,130
to film it really going to do knob some
393
00:23:29,130 --> 00:23:30,780
aim and vile guns best of all for some
394
00:23:30,780 --> 00:23:32,400
Christianity as bouncy disc and
395
00:23:32,400 --> 00:23:34,140
innovation endless visibility and far
396
00:23:34,140 --> 00:23:37,530
cava with Chris Lehane run handle to
397
00:23:37,530 --> 00:23:39,270
tribe environment excel from Kristin to
398
00:23:39,270 --> 00:23:41,430
my camp on the straight on women and on
399
00:23:41,430 --> 00:23:44,820
with success sort of Christendom and sin
400
00:23:44,820 --> 00:23:46,710
Angry Birds with us late Martin told
401
00:23:46,710 --> 00:23:48,720
cast tweaking admirable Hull City
402
00:23:48,720 --> 00:23:50,760
template immediate in the hunt robbed of
403
00:23:50,760 --> 00:23:53,520
a fear Allah under and fresh practice
404
00:23:53,520 --> 00:23:56,460
Kristin tomb and Laden asymptotes in
405
00:23:56,460 --> 00:23:59,100
Paradise women feet of garden were good
406
00:23:59,100 --> 00:23:59,640
for health
407
00:23:59,640 --> 00:24:02,580
Anto straight Ava the sophistic fetus a
408
00:24:02,580 --> 00:24:04,410
Christian is even from Odin hervanta
409
00:24:04,410 --> 00:24:07,170
dusty Carnegie the Steve a chronica in
410
00:24:07,170 --> 00:24:08,820
Scandinavia the gang Carnegie Hall
411
00:24:08,820 --> 00:24:11,280
clingy fiercely see a large crew negate
412
00:24:11,280 --> 00:24:13,500
from gothic novel feel involved so VD
413
00:24:13,500 --> 00:24:14,880
course include again in Gondolin
414
00:24:14,880 --> 00:24:19,410
frontier the new faith spread slowly
415
00:24:19,410 --> 00:24:23,100
first in Denmark then in Norway Iceland
416
00:24:23,100 --> 00:24:25,730
and Sweden
417
00:24:25,920 --> 00:24:27,040
[Music]
418
00:24:27,040 --> 00:24:29,700
the conversion was by and large peaceful
419
00:24:29,700 --> 00:24:32,500
women were particularly receptive to the
420
00:24:32,500 --> 00:24:34,570
new religion since it held the promise
421
00:24:34,570 --> 00:24:39,330
of life after death for them as well
422
00:24:39,480 --> 00:24:42,420
the churchmen from Germany and England
423
00:24:42,420 --> 00:24:45,010
established themselves and as the
424
00:24:45,010 --> 00:24:47,650
centuries went by pagan Scandinavia
425
00:24:47,650 --> 00:24:51,480
converted entirely to Christianity
426
00:24:51,480 --> 00:24:55,000
the famous stave churches of Norway were
427
00:24:55,000 --> 00:24:57,340
among the first churches in Scandinavia
428
00:24:57,340 --> 00:24:59,320
they date from the 12th and 13th
429
00:24:59,320 --> 00:25:06,700
centuries this Swedish crucifix also
430
00:25:06,700 --> 00:25:10,570
dates from the time of conversion but
431
00:25:10,570 --> 00:25:12,280
Viking mythology remains an
432
00:25:12,280 --> 00:25:14,730
inexhaustible source for opera and film
433
00:25:14,730 --> 00:25:17,980
often it is heavily embroidered ass with
434
00:25:17,980 --> 00:25:22,130
bargainers horned or winged helmets
435
00:25:22,130 --> 00:25:24,010
[Music]
436
00:25:24,010 --> 00:25:26,679
the Old Norse Sagas helped inspire the
437
00:25:26,679 --> 00:25:32,740
Lord of the Rings Asterix and Obelix in
438
00:25:32,740 --> 00:25:35,140
the counter Vikings even if they are
439
00:25:35,140 --> 00:25:38,980
called Normans there are well-loved
440
00:25:38,980 --> 00:25:41,530
cartoon characters such as Mickey the
441
00:25:41,530 --> 00:25:45,669
Viking much of what we believe about the
442
00:25:45,669 --> 00:25:48,460
Northman remains speculative but there
443
00:25:48,460 --> 00:25:50,590
is one thing we know for sure they were
444
00:25:50,590 --> 00:25:53,910
great explorers
445
00:25:54,900 --> 00:25:57,630
while some when training others set out
446
00:25:57,630 --> 00:25:59,700
to find a new place to live for the
447
00:25:59,700 --> 00:26:02,100
limited stretches of fertile land in
448
00:26:02,100 --> 00:26:04,290
Scandinavia could not support its
449
00:26:04,290 --> 00:26:06,920
growing population
450
00:26:09,730 --> 00:26:12,830
many families left to seek their fortune
451
00:26:12,830 --> 00:26:19,370
beyond the buns of the known world they
452
00:26:19,370 --> 00:26:24,160
embarked on long and dangerous voyages
453
00:26:24,650 --> 00:26:28,319
[Music]
454
00:26:29,020 --> 00:26:33,200
they knew the sea as no one else did
455
00:26:33,200 --> 00:26:35,720
[Music]
456
00:26:35,720 --> 00:26:39,360
they're heavy ships the canals carried
457
00:26:39,360 --> 00:26:41,550
them safely through stormy seas and
458
00:26:41,550 --> 00:26:45,260
across distant oceans
459
00:26:48,990 --> 00:26:52,360
in the 9th century Vikings from Norway
460
00:26:52,360 --> 00:26:55,660
sailed north west past the Faroe Islands
461
00:26:55,660 --> 00:26:59,400
and discovered Iceland
462
00:27:02,679 --> 00:27:05,990
in those days Iceland was more temperate
463
00:27:05,990 --> 00:27:09,110
than it is today and it was uninhabited
464
00:27:09,110 --> 00:27:13,360
many Vikings made their home there
465
00:27:15,450 --> 00:27:17,300
[Music]
466
00:27:17,300 --> 00:27:20,220
how did the Vikings manage to reach an
467
00:27:20,220 --> 00:27:22,350
island that lay over a thousand
468
00:27:22,350 --> 00:27:25,260
kilometers from Norway thanks to a
469
00:27:25,260 --> 00:27:29,910
spectacular find we now know in the
470
00:27:29,910 --> 00:27:32,670
1960s several Viking Rick's were
471
00:27:32,670 --> 00:27:35,160
salvaged they are housed today in the
472
00:27:35,160 --> 00:27:37,260
Danish Viking ship Museum at the
473
00:27:37,260 --> 00:27:42,840
Roskilde the thousand-year-old remains
474
00:27:42,840 --> 00:27:44,880
tell us a great deal about the
475
00:27:44,880 --> 00:27:52,590
Northman's ingenuity at shipbuilding two
476
00:27:52,590 --> 00:27:54,780
different types of ship were discovered
477
00:27:54,780 --> 00:27:58,080
the Kenard a highly stable transport and
478
00:27:58,080 --> 00:28:00,930
merchant vessel and the narrow speedy
479
00:28:00,930 --> 00:28:05,660
longboat ideal for marauding
480
00:28:07,450 --> 00:28:10,289
a few years ago a team from the museum
481
00:28:10,289 --> 00:28:12,850
reconstructed a canal and launched it
482
00:28:12,850 --> 00:28:15,100
they wanted to find out how the votes
483
00:28:15,100 --> 00:28:18,029
performed at sea
484
00:28:19,370 --> 00:28:22,490
by sailing the ships themselves we get
485
00:28:22,490 --> 00:28:24,740
to know how you actually use what these
486
00:28:24,740 --> 00:28:26,360
wrecks means we don't know about the
487
00:28:26,360 --> 00:28:27,860
looking of the wrecks themselves and
488
00:28:27,860 --> 00:28:32,300
simply by going in and rebuilding and
489
00:28:32,300 --> 00:28:35,000
rebuilding again flying again we
490
00:28:35,000 --> 00:28:36,860
actually get to know what I would have
491
00:28:36,860 --> 00:28:39,100
done
492
00:28:39,920 --> 00:28:43,100
every summer the sea stallion set sail
493
00:28:43,100 --> 00:28:46,430
once again the crew spend weeks on board
494
00:28:46,430 --> 00:28:50,440
to get a real feeling for the ship
495
00:28:52,540 --> 00:28:55,640
they try out all kinds of maneuvers and
496
00:28:55,640 --> 00:28:58,190
are always amazed at how smoothly the
497
00:28:58,190 --> 00:29:00,860
ship glides through the water even with
498
00:29:00,860 --> 00:29:04,970
little wind I have the deepest respect
499
00:29:04,970 --> 00:29:07,130
for the wiping skipper which have been
500
00:29:07,130 --> 00:29:09,710
sailing these ships for 1,000 years ago
501
00:29:09,710 --> 00:29:11,570
especially this thing that it's a very
502
00:29:11,570 --> 00:29:14,200
simple construction layer of the sail
503
00:29:14,200 --> 00:29:17,210
but at the same time it's just perfect
504
00:29:17,210 --> 00:29:19,630
in balance
505
00:29:19,740 --> 00:29:23,080
perfect balance and speed they are the
506
00:29:23,080 --> 00:29:25,120
outstanding characteristics of all
507
00:29:25,120 --> 00:29:28,059
Viking ships whether raiders or merchant
508
00:29:28,059 --> 00:29:28,550
vessels
509
00:29:28,550 --> 00:29:32,669
[Music]
510
00:29:32,669 --> 00:29:35,340
they are still considered the best ships
511
00:29:35,340 --> 00:29:38,070
of their time and several factors went
512
00:29:38,070 --> 00:29:43,830
into making them the best when building
513
00:29:43,830 --> 00:29:46,350
their ships the Vikings didn't saw the
514
00:29:46,350 --> 00:29:48,899
logs that split them along the grain
515
00:29:48,899 --> 00:29:50,970
this made the Timbers strong and
516
00:29:50,970 --> 00:29:54,629
flexible the mast could be put up and
517
00:29:54,629 --> 00:29:57,480
taken down quickly essential when facing
518
00:29:57,480 --> 00:29:59,730
a bridge across a river or whenever the
519
00:29:59,730 --> 00:30:02,659
crew had to row
520
00:30:04,440 --> 00:30:06,580
[Music]
521
00:30:06,580 --> 00:30:09,799
the sale could be adjusted so as to make
522
00:30:09,799 --> 00:30:12,409
way against the wind and the boats had
523
00:30:12,409 --> 00:30:18,200
an extremely shallow draught the Vikings
524
00:30:18,200 --> 00:30:20,450
always began their major expeditions in
525
00:30:20,450 --> 00:30:23,210
early summer when the fjords and coasts
526
00:30:23,210 --> 00:30:26,409
were free of ice and snow
527
00:30:27,590 --> 00:30:29,649
[Music]
528
00:30:29,649 --> 00:30:32,480
one of their most momentous voyages
529
00:30:32,480 --> 00:30:36,440
began in Iceland it was led by the most
530
00:30:36,440 --> 00:30:40,100
notorious man in the country Erik the
531
00:30:40,100 --> 00:30:41,470
Red
532
00:30:41,470 --> 00:30:44,149
Erik was belligerent and hot-tempered
533
00:30:44,149 --> 00:30:46,940
some of his men met their deaths at his
534
00:30:46,940 --> 00:30:48,110
hand
535
00:30:48,110 --> 00:31:01,239
[Music]
536
00:31:01,820 --> 00:31:05,310
Eric was outlawed several times but when
537
00:31:05,310 --> 00:31:07,230
he killed two men in a quarrel with his
538
00:31:07,230 --> 00:31:11,870
neighbor he was banished from the island
539
00:31:15,350 --> 00:31:18,780
that was how Eric the red came to blazed
540
00:31:18,780 --> 00:31:22,580
a trail for future explorers
541
00:31:24,710 --> 00:31:28,700
[Music]
542
00:31:29,990 --> 00:31:32,419
Eric left Iceland with a few men and
543
00:31:32,419 --> 00:31:35,390
some slaves he wanted to scout out a
544
00:31:35,390 --> 00:31:37,190
land that was supposed to lie somewhere
545
00:31:37,190 --> 00:31:38,450
to the northwest
546
00:31:38,450 --> 00:31:41,120
he found it and later called it
547
00:31:41,120 --> 00:31:43,720
Greenland
548
00:31:45,090 --> 00:31:48,520
by calling it Greenland Eric was hoping
549
00:31:48,520 --> 00:31:51,490
to lure other settlers his plan worked
550
00:31:51,490 --> 00:31:53,920
and many Vikings followed him to a new
551
00:31:53,920 --> 00:31:55,050
home
552
00:31:55,050 --> 00:31:56,820
[Music]
553
00:31:56,820 --> 00:31:59,980
Eric's eldest son was called Leif a
554
00:31:59,980 --> 00:32:03,040
happy boy was said who even as a child
555
00:32:03,040 --> 00:32:07,770
dreamt of going out into the wide world
556
00:32:08,370 --> 00:32:11,350
he was fascinated by a story that did
557
00:32:11,350 --> 00:32:16,480
the rounds in his father's house it was
558
00:32:16,480 --> 00:32:18,880
said that an Icelandic merchant had
559
00:32:18,880 --> 00:32:20,560
drifted off course on his way to
560
00:32:20,560 --> 00:32:23,080
Greenland and had ended up in a country
561
00:32:23,080 --> 00:32:25,690
much further to the west
562
00:32:25,690 --> 00:32:30,220
[Music]
563
00:32:30,220 --> 00:32:32,650
exploration was in his family's blood
564
00:32:32,650 --> 00:32:35,510
Lafe was seized by a hunger for
565
00:32:35,510 --> 00:32:38,330
adventure that it was years before he
566
00:32:38,330 --> 00:32:40,580
was able to go to sea in his own ship to
567
00:32:40,580 --> 00:32:43,600
find the mysterious country
568
00:32:43,600 --> 00:32:46,570
[Music]
569
00:32:46,570 --> 00:32:49,000
he navigated according to the seafaring
570
00:32:49,000 --> 00:32:51,730
methods of old by the Sun and by the
571
00:32:51,730 --> 00:32:54,880
Stars and above all with the help of
572
00:32:54,880 --> 00:32:59,440
experience despite the danger from
573
00:32:59,440 --> 00:33:01,299
storms and huge waves
574
00:33:01,299 --> 00:33:03,940
Lafe and his crew sailed further and
575
00:33:03,940 --> 00:33:09,309
further into uncharted waters their
576
00:33:09,309 --> 00:33:11,049
voyage along the west coast of Greenland
577
00:33:11,049 --> 00:33:15,250
took three days for two days they struck
578
00:33:15,250 --> 00:33:18,370
out across open sea then followed a
579
00:33:18,370 --> 00:33:21,149
coast until they finally reached
580
00:33:21,149 --> 00:33:23,140
Newfoundland
581
00:33:23,140 --> 00:33:25,460
[Music]
582
00:33:25,460 --> 00:33:29,730
in the year 1001 Leif Eriksson and his
583
00:33:29,730 --> 00:33:34,250
men set foot on new territory
584
00:33:35,930 --> 00:33:38,390
little did the young explorers realize
585
00:33:38,390 --> 00:33:40,790
that they had landed on the continent of
586
00:33:40,790 --> 00:33:41,960
North America
587
00:33:41,960 --> 00:33:45,640
so making history
588
00:33:49,669 --> 00:33:52,489
the new arrivals had no idea what they
589
00:33:52,489 --> 00:33:55,969
install but what they saw seemed to them
590
00:33:55,969 --> 00:33:58,719
a paradise
591
00:34:01,900 --> 00:34:04,540
they reported the land was green and
592
00:34:04,540 --> 00:34:07,540
full of Meadows in bloom they called the
593
00:34:07,540 --> 00:34:11,490
fertile land Finland
594
00:34:14,969 --> 00:34:17,918
Wisman Vineland or the Vidal and the
595
00:34:17,918 --> 00:34:20,230
diet does recently dismiss ahead of its
596
00:34:20,230 --> 00:34:23,620
ray sagas be Richmond River expedition
597
00:34:23,620 --> 00:34:25,929
in this Atlanta's didn't war in North
598
00:34:25,929 --> 00:34:27,668
America Gilligan sign muscles and
599
00:34:27,668 --> 00:34:30,790
increasing or North America's on TV King
600
00:34:30,790 --> 00:34:33,489
a hub 1013 for and expedition and
601
00:34:33,489 --> 00:34:35,290
on tenormin the Swiss via knock-knock
602
00:34:35,290 --> 00:34:37,780
visa shaft like a monastic Dexter this
603
00:34:37,780 --> 00:34:39,489
hokum it allowed the spirit okay now
604
00:34:39,489 --> 00:34:43,510
both pieces land investment leaked it
605
00:34:43,510 --> 00:34:45,429
was long thought to be only a legend
606
00:34:45,429 --> 00:34:46,690
that the Vikings were the first
607
00:34:46,690 --> 00:34:49,409
Europeans to set foot on Newfoundland
608
00:34:49,409 --> 00:34:53,199
but in 1960 archaeologists found the
609
00:34:53,199 --> 00:34:55,929
proof they discovered clear evidence of
610
00:34:55,929 --> 00:34:58,930
North settlements the old farms have
611
00:34:58,930 --> 00:35:02,860
since been reconstructed but after a few
612
00:35:02,860 --> 00:35:06,190
years the Vikings left Finland never to
613
00:35:06,190 --> 00:35:08,370
return
614
00:35:11,710 --> 00:35:13,740
no one knows what made them leave
615
00:35:13,740 --> 00:35:16,510
although the Vinland saga mentions
616
00:35:16,510 --> 00:35:22,839
clashes with natives it was almost 500
617
00:35:22,839 --> 00:35:25,240
years before another European captain
618
00:35:25,240 --> 00:35:32,349
dared crossed the Atlantic again in 1492
619
00:35:32,349 --> 00:35:35,050
Christopher Columbus rediscovered the
620
00:35:35,050 --> 00:35:37,390
new world in the name of the Spanish
621
00:35:37,390 --> 00:35:43,660
kings he and his men set foot on
622
00:35:43,660 --> 00:35:44,680
American soil
623
00:35:44,680 --> 00:35:46,810
more than a thousand kilometres south of
624
00:35:46,810 --> 00:35:52,810
leaf Erickson's landing spot Columbus's
625
00:35:52,810 --> 00:35:54,940
discovery led to the first permanent
626
00:35:54,940 --> 00:35:57,160
European settlers moving to North
627
00:35:57,160 --> 00:36:01,750
America they were followed by hundreds
628
00:36:01,750 --> 00:36:03,970
of thousands of slaves shipped from
629
00:36:03,970 --> 00:36:09,550
Africa to labor on plantations together
630
00:36:09,550 --> 00:36:13,349
they built the New World
631
00:36:14,350 --> 00:36:16,750
but the man who really discovered
632
00:36:16,750 --> 00:36:26,480
America was a Viking Leif Eriksson many
633
00:36:26,480 --> 00:36:28,730
finds point to the Vikings not only
634
00:36:28,730 --> 00:36:31,340
travelling west but also sailing to the
635
00:36:31,340 --> 00:36:34,760
east Arabic coins found on the Swedish
636
00:36:34,760 --> 00:36:37,490
island of Gotland are one sign of their
637
00:36:37,490 --> 00:36:42,230
eastward ventures archaeologists have
638
00:36:42,230 --> 00:36:44,210
also found several thousand foreign
639
00:36:44,210 --> 00:36:46,220
coins in the harbors of the trading
640
00:36:46,220 --> 00:36:50,390
towns of height abou and burqa
641
00:36:50,390 --> 00:36:57,870
[Music]
642
00:36:57,870 --> 00:37:01,200
from Scandinavia the Vikings developed a
643
00:37:01,200 --> 00:37:04,170
huge trading network they penetrated
644
00:37:04,170 --> 00:37:05,970
deeper and deeper into present-day
645
00:37:05,970 --> 00:37:08,880
Russia their goal was the capital of the
646
00:37:08,880 --> 00:37:15,570
Byzantine Empire Constantinople only the
647
00:37:15,570 --> 00:37:17,820
toughest men dared attempt this journey
648
00:37:17,820 --> 00:37:21,150
because it was long and strenuous the
649
00:37:21,150 --> 00:37:25,350
trip often lasted for months and a color
650
00:37:25,350 --> 00:37:27,300
that lucky them have like-minded of us
651
00:37:27,300 --> 00:37:30,150
comes in a stint at 38th and then then
652
00:37:30,150 --> 00:37:32,670
continually I'm going bad you know
653
00:37:32,670 --> 00:37:35,340
sawfish or if you have somebody on Issa
654
00:37:35,340 --> 00:37:38,790
figures in that's you it's somebody
655
00:37:38,790 --> 00:37:42,570
about Oklahoma Bible of my labs that
656
00:37:42,570 --> 00:37:47,370
they can on the tail of mi-24 to
657
00:37:47,370 --> 00:37:49,460
knowledge is in
658
00:37:49,460 --> 00:37:53,730
it's your life to supplement you
659
00:37:53,730 --> 00:37:55,710
mentioned having wisdom to insider and
660
00:37:55,710 --> 00:38:01,160
smokers proven good fun discount
661
00:38:02,810 --> 00:38:09,470
we found jobs lots of her and then upon
662
00:38:09,470 --> 00:38:11,370
out
663
00:38:11,370 --> 00:38:16,560
yeah Dylan kasnian blinky cuts horn
664
00:38:16,560 --> 00:38:19,200
manner Yan Jimenez inclined its value
665
00:38:19,200 --> 00:38:21,720
and cannot neshama HD something doesn't
666
00:38:21,720 --> 00:38:23,850
occipital your nation of sorry baton on
667
00:38:23,850 --> 00:38:27,750
leash on that my comedy a hi-hat not let
668
00:38:27,750 --> 00:38:33,020
namely found those comes better
669
00:38:33,020 --> 00:38:37,380
khonanesta is my god - I'm stag - you're
670
00:38:37,380 --> 00:38:41,060
not on Langmead phones either
671
00:38:48,020 --> 00:38:50,570
the leg from Russia to Constantinople
672
00:38:50,570 --> 00:38:53,540
was particularly arduous ships and their
673
00:38:53,540 --> 00:38:55,910
crews had to go through forests over
674
00:38:55,910 --> 00:38:58,850
Rapids and across flood plains and bombs
675
00:38:58,850 --> 00:39:02,770
it was a logistical nightmare
676
00:39:03,520 --> 00:39:06,550
[Music]
677
00:39:06,550 --> 00:39:09,430
to cross the huge expanse the Vikings
678
00:39:09,430 --> 00:39:11,320
sometimes transported their canals
679
00:39:11,320 --> 00:39:14,470
overland they came up with a strikingly
680
00:39:14,470 --> 00:39:20,350
simple idea they dragged their boats
681
00:39:20,350 --> 00:39:28,780
over planks laid on the ground Viking
682
00:39:28,780 --> 00:39:31,120
ships had no keel so they didn't tip
683
00:39:31,120 --> 00:39:34,600
over on land but they were heavy and it
684
00:39:34,600 --> 00:39:36,760
was often days before the men could put
685
00:39:36,760 --> 00:39:41,230
them back in the water from high taboo
686
00:39:41,230 --> 00:39:43,390
to Constantinople it was several
687
00:39:43,390 --> 00:39:48,220
thousand kilometers the men used sheer
688
00:39:48,220 --> 00:39:50,470
muscle power to move their ships over
689
00:39:50,470 --> 00:39:53,110
land if they were lucky local people
690
00:39:53,110 --> 00:39:55,000
might help by lending their draught
691
00:39:55,000 --> 00:40:02,380
animals everywhere the Vikings went they
692
00:40:02,380 --> 00:40:06,430
spread fear especially when they opened
693
00:40:06,430 --> 00:40:10,480
up a new line of business the slave
694
00:40:10,480 --> 00:40:13,020
trade
695
00:40:14,860 --> 00:40:17,290
in the Russian forests there were
696
00:40:17,290 --> 00:40:19,720
neither rich monasteries nor towns worth
697
00:40:19,720 --> 00:40:22,200
raiding
698
00:40:23,460 --> 00:40:26,020
besides slavers were more profitable
699
00:40:26,020 --> 00:40:30,240
than the skins of wild animals
700
00:40:31,770 --> 00:40:34,140
not even children were safe from the
701
00:40:34,140 --> 00:40:38,250
clutches of the Northmen locals curious
702
00:40:38,250 --> 00:40:52,560
about the newcomers were easy prey the
703
00:40:52,560 --> 00:40:55,050
slave trade became the Vikings biggest
704
00:40:55,050 --> 00:41:04,770
source of income they were ruthless in
705
00:41:04,770 --> 00:41:06,930
hunting for people to sell in the slave
706
00:41:06,930 --> 00:41:11,150
markets of Constantinople
707
00:41:11,520 --> 00:41:18,610
[Music]
708
00:41:21,900 --> 00:41:24,969
[Music]
709
00:41:26,950 --> 00:41:30,460
over the centuries thousands of people
710
00:41:30,460 --> 00:41:38,920
vanished into slavery the goal of all
711
00:41:38,920 --> 00:41:40,890
the scandinavian traders was
712
00:41:40,890 --> 00:41:43,750
constantinople in the Middle Ages the
713
00:41:43,750 --> 00:41:45,849
metropolis was the most important point
714
00:41:45,849 --> 00:41:48,609
of exchange for goods from Europe and
715
00:41:48,609 --> 00:41:50,910
the East
716
00:41:53,830 --> 00:41:56,780
after an arduous journey the Vikings
717
00:41:56,780 --> 00:41:59,300
finally followed the river deeper into
718
00:41:59,300 --> 00:42:03,780
the Black Sea then the goal was in sight
719
00:42:03,780 --> 00:42:06,310
[Music]
720
00:42:06,310 --> 00:42:08,810
there were many legends about the city
721
00:42:08,810 --> 00:42:11,420
on the Bosphorus were East met West and
722
00:42:11,420 --> 00:42:13,910
people of different religions lived side
723
00:42:13,910 --> 00:42:16,450
by side
724
00:42:17,230 --> 00:42:23,810
[Music]
725
00:42:23,810 --> 00:42:25,820
Constantinople moves and in moon club
726
00:42:25,820 --> 00:42:27,830
written and Rogalski not monogamous Tom
727
00:42:27,830 --> 00:42:30,230
Shean and needs of meteor guard because
728
00:42:30,230 --> 00:42:33,470
start does a metal bullets aren't landed
729
00:42:33,470 --> 00:42:37,010
on civic unity US state income and D of
730
00:42:37,010 --> 00:42:39,590
a dwelling which dungeon of whole toys
731
00:42:39,590 --> 00:42:42,800
on moose and start the stand and about
732
00:42:42,800 --> 00:42:44,480
and how to measure kick about and gets
733
00:42:44,480 --> 00:42:46,310
after destruction came all the bone and
734
00:42:46,310 --> 00:42:48,560
the reservoirs to us and below them
735
00:42:48,560 --> 00:42:50,600
domestics to start my aunty's we were
736
00:42:50,600 --> 00:42:52,880
Hobbs governor over dozens any gigantic
737
00:42:52,880 --> 00:42:57,710
nine Pokemon the heart of the city was
738
00:42:57,710 --> 00:43:00,760
the great bizarre
739
00:43:02,840 --> 00:43:06,590
strange sense of exotic spices soaps and
740
00:43:06,590 --> 00:43:14,390
perfumes fill the air the stalls were
741
00:43:14,390 --> 00:43:16,430
overflowing with goods from every
742
00:43:16,430 --> 00:43:19,190
country Under the Sun the streets were
743
00:43:19,190 --> 00:43:21,440
filled with a Babel of different
744
00:43:21,440 --> 00:43:23,260
languages
745
00:43:23,260 --> 00:43:25,910
the Vikings too wanted to sell their
746
00:43:25,910 --> 00:43:28,870
wares they always did good business in
747
00:43:28,870 --> 00:43:31,870
Constantinople
748
00:43:32,340 --> 00:43:39,160
[Music]
749
00:43:39,160 --> 00:43:45,190
he is it the Viking slaves and animal
750
00:43:45,190 --> 00:43:46,930
skins were particularly sought after
751
00:43:46,930 --> 00:43:50,440
they exchanged them for spices silk and
752
00:43:50,440 --> 00:43:53,650
jewelry all for silver coins but it was
753
00:43:53,650 --> 00:43:59,830
always important to bargain bargaining
754
00:43:59,830 --> 00:44:01,800
was a skill that had to be learnt
755
00:44:01,800 --> 00:44:04,420
trading in Constantinople could be a
756
00:44:04,420 --> 00:44:07,170
tricky business
757
00:44:08,200 --> 00:44:13,030
I'm I'm Beyonce granite especially since
758
00:44:13,030 --> 00:44:15,700
the so they want either Biden's love
759
00:44:15,700 --> 00:44:18,540
basket
760
00:44:19,760 --> 00:44:27,160
how's it going Oh fancy
761
00:44:29,440 --> 00:44:32,600
I'm first on the infant's geometry so
762
00:44:32,600 --> 00:44:36,020
saw signs in a diet as I've mention of
763
00:44:36,020 --> 00:44:38,630
ovulating and then revisit Lena dear
764
00:44:38,630 --> 00:44:43,119
come to here appeal year
765
00:44:43,119 --> 00:44:49,810
Sian oneself this a collector yo-yo so
766
00:44:49,810 --> 00:44:56,960
than we are by dish so antsy Yavin IV go
767
00:44:56,960 --> 00:44:59,960
film on twenties now come the item for
768
00:44:59,960 --> 00:45:03,400
today they won't want this
769
00:45:04,690 --> 00:45:08,000
Sjogren's aviv you so stupid Thank You
770
00:45:08,000 --> 00:45:10,640
digression reunite
771
00:45:10,640 --> 00:45:13,430
[Music]
772
00:45:13,430 --> 00:45:16,160
in their constant journey back and forth
773
00:45:16,160 --> 00:45:19,220
the Northmen left their mark on Eastern
774
00:45:19,220 --> 00:45:21,580
Europe
775
00:45:27,100 --> 00:45:29,990
over the centuries Swedish Vikings
776
00:45:29,990 --> 00:45:32,630
founded or conquered many towns in what
777
00:45:32,630 --> 00:45:35,230
is now Russia
778
00:45:37,150 --> 00:45:39,500
they were nearly always important
779
00:45:39,500 --> 00:45:45,220
trading places such as Novgorod okay
780
00:45:46,870 --> 00:45:49,060
the invaders from the north were called
781
00:45:49,060 --> 00:45:52,600
ruse ruse was also the name of the first
782
00:45:52,600 --> 00:45:55,750
Russian state it was founded in the 9th
783
00:45:55,750 --> 00:45:59,020
century by a Viking Prince Alec
784
00:45:59,020 --> 00:46:02,220
[Music]
785
00:46:02,220 --> 00:46:04,620
but Russia is not the only country with
786
00:46:04,620 --> 00:46:07,310
Viking roots
787
00:46:07,940 --> 00:46:13,530
Normandy also has Norse origins in the
788
00:46:13,530 --> 00:46:15,510
10th century the Northmen made so many
789
00:46:15,510 --> 00:46:18,360
incursions into the lower same that the
790
00:46:18,360 --> 00:46:20,900
territory was finally ceded to them as
791
00:46:20,900 --> 00:46:23,370
Normans they quickly established
792
00:46:23,370 --> 00:46:27,450
themselves as a regional power from the
793
00:46:27,450 --> 00:46:29,970
11th century on Norman mercenaries
794
00:46:29,970 --> 00:46:32,250
migrated to southern Italy and took
795
00:46:32,250 --> 00:46:35,670
power there after conquering Sicily they
796
00:46:35,670 --> 00:46:37,860
converted the former Amir's palace in
797
00:46:37,860 --> 00:46:41,510
Palermo into their seat of government in
798
00:46:41,510 --> 00:46:44,880
a pure they left a legacy of countless
799
00:46:44,880 --> 00:46:47,610
Norman buildings even the emperor
800
00:46:47,610 --> 00:46:50,130
frederick ii builder of the castel del
801
00:46:50,130 --> 00:46:56,370
monte had Viking blood in his veins in
802
00:46:56,370 --> 00:47:00,540
1066 Duke William of Normandy invaded
803
00:47:00,540 --> 00:47:03,870
England and was crowned king he too was
804
00:47:03,870 --> 00:47:06,840
a descendant of the Vikings heating a
805
00:47:06,840 --> 00:47:08,670
Hamilton noise cursor as I open
806
00:47:08,670 --> 00:47:10,260
intelligence the aesthetic occurrences
807
00:47:10,260 --> 00:47:12,330
cooked well Sabine Dublin on in your
808
00:47:12,330 --> 00:47:14,640
in Kiev say most ardently granted
809
00:47:14,640 --> 00:47:16,800
mr. de Normandie on the roof lands the
810
00:47:16,800 --> 00:47:18,290
standing rules and innominate
811
00:47:18,290 --> 00:47:20,610
alternately offers no mana she races
812
00:47:20,610 --> 00:47:22,200
little ultimately no manager dies in
813
00:47:22,200 --> 00:47:24,300
suit Italian sincere mock-na land
814
00:47:24,300 --> 00:47:25,890
opposite of the is lands of the current
815
00:47:25,890 --> 00:47:27,870
land besides he hummed invalid santa
816
00:47:27,870 --> 00:47:29,550
hope was not awesome for sure on
817
00:47:29,550 --> 00:47:31,410
Hamilton batteries and groceries are
818
00:47:31,410 --> 00:47:35,190
open interlocking as settlers the
819
00:47:35,190 --> 00:47:37,320
Vikings colonized Iceland and Greenland
820
00:47:37,320 --> 00:47:41,100
as explorers they traveled to America
821
00:47:41,100 --> 00:47:44,340
their descendants ruled in Normandy
822
00:47:44,340 --> 00:47:48,320
England southern Italy and Russia
823
00:47:48,670 --> 00:47:51,700
they entered the world stage as Raiders
824
00:47:51,700 --> 00:47:57,710
plundering and murdering but they had a
825
00:47:57,710 --> 00:48:00,260
peaceful side they spent a large part of
826
00:48:00,260 --> 00:48:02,390
their time looking after their farms and
827
00:48:02,390 --> 00:48:04,630
homes
828
00:48:06,430 --> 00:48:09,089
in a very short time the wild
829
00:48:09,089 --> 00:48:12,819
Scandinavians became goggle players as
830
00:48:12,819 --> 00:48:14,950
merchants they opened up important trade
831
00:48:14,950 --> 00:48:16,900
routes that led not only to southern
832
00:48:16,900 --> 00:48:19,390
Europe but also deep into Eastern Europe
833
00:48:19,390 --> 00:48:22,700
and even to the Orient
834
00:48:22,700 --> 00:48:24,890
[Music]
835
00:48:24,890 --> 00:48:28,469
and in their quest for new land the
836
00:48:28,469 --> 00:48:30,869
Vikings were the first to discover North
837
00:48:30,869 --> 00:48:35,430
America by the height of the Middle Ages
838
00:48:35,430 --> 00:48:39,329
we hear no more of the Northman it's as
839
00:48:39,329 --> 00:48:44,849
if they had disappeared if I think make
840
00:48:44,849 --> 00:48:47,160
a very sudden a very dramatic entrance
841
00:48:47,160 --> 00:48:49,619
into the historical record in the end
842
00:48:49,619 --> 00:48:51,900
they seem to fade away but their
843
00:48:51,900 --> 00:48:54,180
expansion overseas forced them to adapt
844
00:48:54,180 --> 00:48:56,549
to fit in with the other cultures they
845
00:48:56,549 --> 00:48:58,799
encountered until eventually they
846
00:48:58,799 --> 00:49:01,200
stopped being pagan Scandinavians and
847
00:49:01,200 --> 00:49:04,529
become medieval Europeans around the
848
00:49:04,529 --> 00:49:06,690
year 2000 they established the three
849
00:49:06,690 --> 00:49:09,239
great kingdoms of Denmark Norway later
850
00:49:09,239 --> 00:49:11,460
Sweden which still exists today on a car
851
00:49:11,460 --> 00:49:13,859
with Britain and France the Vikings
852
00:49:13,859 --> 00:49:16,410
don't disappear they merge into world
853
00:49:16,410 --> 00:49:21,269
history the Viking legacy to Europe lies
854
00:49:21,269 --> 00:49:23,219
in the cities and countries that they
855
00:49:23,219 --> 00:49:26,430
found it all conquered at the same time
856
00:49:26,430 --> 00:49:30,089
their raids on France on England will
857
00:49:30,089 --> 00:49:34,529
always be remembered with a shudder but
858
00:49:34,529 --> 00:49:37,140
wherever they settled the seafarers
859
00:49:37,140 --> 00:49:40,009
merged into the local population as
860
00:49:40,009 --> 00:49:43,109
Vikings they existed for only about two
861
00:49:43,109 --> 00:49:46,349
hundred years since the Middle Ages they
862
00:49:46,349 --> 00:49:48,680
have lived on as the familiar Danes
863
00:49:48,680 --> 00:49:52,469
Norwegians Swedes and Icelanders the
864
00:49:52,469 --> 00:49:55,670
custodians of the fantastic stories and
865
00:49:55,670 --> 00:49:58,920
sagas about the Warriors traders and
866
00:49:58,920 --> 00:50:04,710
explorers who terrified half of Europe
867
00:50:04,710 --> 00:50:08,079
that was the final in the series tune in
868
00:50:08,079 --> 00:50:10,630
next week for more lost world and stay
869
00:50:10,630 --> 00:50:13,089
tuned now for Gough Whitlam in his own
870
00:50:13,089 --> 00:50:14,120
words
871
00:50:14,120 --> 00:50:15,410
[Music]
872
00:50:15,410 --> 00:50:16,080
you
873
00:50:16,080 --> 00:50:22,760
[Music]
874
00:50:28,990 --> 00:50:30,450
you
875
00:50:30,450 --> 00:50:33,670
[Music]
59984
Can't find what you're looking for?
Get subtitles in any language from opensubtitles.com, and translate them here.