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we owe much to the ancient Greek from
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the invention of democracy to citizens
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participation in government to the
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Olympic Games the Greeks laid the
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foundations of science and created
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quests and drama
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the Romans conquered and unified Europe
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their greatest achievements lay in
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administration infrastructure and above
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all their system of law
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[Music]
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the Vikings owned onto the world stage
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as Raiders from the sea but they went on
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to build a vast network of Trade and
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they were the first to discover America
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between them these three peoples were
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the founders of Europe
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[Music]
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our journey into the past takes us to
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Rome the heart of the greatest empire of
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the ancient world in a swampy
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plague-infested hollow on the Tiber the
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greatest empire of ancient times was
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born it was almost three thousand years
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ago in those days only a handful of
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settlers lived on the hills of Rome but
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in just a few centuries Rome conquered
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all of Italy and from there much of
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Europe the malarial backwater grew into
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an empire the ruler of over 50 provinces
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at the height of its power the Roman
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Empire controlled most of the known
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world the Imperium Romanum
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stretched from Scotland in the north
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across Germany Oh with its endless
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impenetrable forests as far east as the
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Black Sea and south to north africa
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even the highly advanced Egyptians was
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abused by the Romans 60 million people
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surrendered to the invaders
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hundreds of thousands of well-equipped
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Roman legionaries conquered one country
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after another their weapons were the
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best in the world
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[Music]
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their campaigns were brilliantly
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organized
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the Romans defeated the barbarians of
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northern Europe they overrun the
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kingdoms of the east they even captured
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the Queen of Syria
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nothing and no one could stop the
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Imperium Romanum
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Romo terse effeminacy above all to her
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legionaries some provinces were easier
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for them than others along the Rhine
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they were mainly builders they labored
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there for years on gigantic border
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fortifications north of that line known
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as the limas the legionary suffered both
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from the cold and from constant attacks
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by Germanic tribes Minh some worked in
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government administration or in
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procuring the supply of grain
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[Music]
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there was work for them throughout the
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empire
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most legionaries were stationed in
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border areas at the time who Augustus
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there were 28 legions which means
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170,000 men with an equal number of
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auxiliaries
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[Music]
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the achievements of the Legionaries and
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their commanders were commemorated on
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Trajan's column which still stands on
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its original site in the centre of Rome
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[Music]
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in the Museum of Roman civilization
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there are dozens of plaster casts of the
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column they are the most important
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source of information on how the
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Legionaries led their daily lives
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Alexandra bouche from the German
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archaeological Institute in Rome is an
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expert on the Roman army
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yum-yum Athenian double Michelly Geneva
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by Naga ball - zelphia prestigious over
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the speaker garden in surah al-e-imran
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token statistic even an open-air season
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with language behind fantasize they are
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most asking about
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we have written about the Union a
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hominid station she came from meat
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intolerance in either the other language
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I hope this encompasses burnin hot metal
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and Hartwell yanking the most important
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genes of our genome in soil 40 acres a
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good daddy does her bath of thought her
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teeth video commercial meditative design
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wherever the Roman legions were
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stationed
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they built a walled camp in these
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far-flung thoughts they kept watch on
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the borders
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they seldom needed to go to war in full
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strength but when they did they were
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well-prepared their weapons were second
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to none
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they're javelins could fly over 15
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meters and pierce any shield
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if pulled out they broke into hampering
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the enemy Roman catapults powered by
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animal tendons could hurl rocks up to
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300 meters
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caltrops or crow's feet may the
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battlefield impossible
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[Music]
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the Romans even used animals as weapons
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they put burning bundles of brushwood
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between cows horns and drove the animals
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into the enemy ranks while hoping that
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they wouldn't suddenly turn around when
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a legion was on the move it was like a
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giant piece of machinery being set in
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motion
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[Music]
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those who lived under Roman rule had to
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supply the food for the hundreds of
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legionaries and their animals they not
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only had to hand over a large part of
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their harvest but might also have to
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relinquish their water their draught
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animals and their cants keeping the
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legions on the move was a mammoth
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operation because they always needed the
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same supplies however far away they
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marched heavily laden the Legionaries
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could march in columns of thousands up
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to 30 kilometers a day
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[Music]
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the Romans often cut a swathe through
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one populated territory it was not
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uncommon for them to build camps in the
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wilderness and they made an impression
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[Music]
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they felt so many trees for building
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material and firewood that in some areas
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entire forests banished every day a
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legion the 5000 men needed over 8000
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kilos of grain for meals 50 thousand
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liters of water and 18 thousand
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kilograms of animal feed a place in the
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Legion was highly sought-after
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not only because of the guarantee of
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regular meals but also because the army
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offered a fixed income chances of
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promotion and security in old age but
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the security came at a price
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the Legionaries often lived far from
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home for a very long time overtime towns
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grew up around many of the legions camps
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on the Rhine the cities of Cologne and
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Coblentz both began the small Roman
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Falls
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[Music]
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further south the city of mites also
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dates back to Roman times as does
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Regensburg on the danube the Legionaries
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in these places copied the way of life
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in their capital
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[Music]
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to live in Rome that was what they
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dreamed of
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although only aristocrats could afford
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the best it had to offer
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[Music]
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[Applause]
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Julia
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[Music]
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there's a star's conciseness zoo feeding
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flawless plain what's not fun in that is
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what Mayor vine case to Bach media Hina
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you're not journey we have a few left is
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Antonio visits hahahaha oh yeah they're
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Galia last Sunday blunder as we could
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about unserious dust had many fathers
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consoles interfere Oh Mia deliver at
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zone guests inhabit Cheetos cacophony
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dirt Alma by invitees are no Africa not
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among Kingdom Galia chemstar then du
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mich flexed nothing Galya kind of
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shocking din africana something let's
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give him Julia clemency holla my lord be
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my customer ho blondest abyss of c'mon
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in sedition and if gladden connected
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autopilot parrot one they have until
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sure know how it is about see how much
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more the night is be
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vision for fly now you hips happiest
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younger Luke
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[Laughter]
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the wealthy lived in magnificent houses
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at Tivoli Easter Rome is Hadrian's villa
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and Imperial summer residence with
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gardens and fountains but most of the
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population lived in blocks of rented
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flats these ruins can still be seen in
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Ostia Rome's port
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[Music]
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on the ground floor there were small
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shops and places to eat on the other
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floors people lived in cramped quarters
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without a toilet or kitchen many of
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these flats were very expensive even the
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rundown ones
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[Music]
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but a quarter of the city was public
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space open to every citizen people met
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in the Coliseum the first multi-story
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arena it seated 70,000 and even had all
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ins against the Sun for the poor entry
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was free and bread was distributed there
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had never been anything like it in the
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Roman Forum public trials went on every
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day anyone who wanted to could go and
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watch its many temples were also well
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frequented all classes of Roman society
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mingled in the public squares rich or
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poor slave or free everyone went there
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rich senators administrators who decided
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the fate of the Empire and their wives
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the Roman matrons prostitutes plied
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their trade in innumerable brothels to
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the Romans it was quite normal
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most of the population were simple
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people only a small minority belonged to
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the privileged upper class it made
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little difference whether the capital
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was governed by a king for Senate or an
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emperor the social structure of the
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population remained the same
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[Music]
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at the peak of society were Rome's
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oldest families the wealthy aristocracy
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they held the top jobs in politics and
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the army
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after them came the night successful
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merchants and rich men who would risen
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to the top in civil administration below
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then came the broad mass of plebeians
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ordinary people mainly craftsmen and
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farmers and their families at the bottom
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were countless slaves men and women
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living a life of drudgery so that the
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economy of the gigantic Empire could
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prosper Rome had several slave markets
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each week fresh merchandise was offered
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many of those being sold were prisoners
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of war over the centuries around 400,000
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slaves were brought to the capital
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massive was going order and he be SS
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guard see a kazoo kind of can tighten 0
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bust your honor Hobbiton guide that just
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wish I become further my funkiness snuck
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a snuke line and club there thus one
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swipe a bite thirsty mr. Spears he one
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can Albertus on a lettuce for a sauce
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the hum zebra disability traveling now
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the sifting a physique County peer
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citation 50 service from Alfred Myrtle
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target wolf I haven't used office was
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always taxi in my booth you have a bloom
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house and under sugar thousand nine
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Turkish nation the sea fish habit of a
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broken Grecian there grunting through
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the house of an immigration
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I'll bring the flooding Jason city knows
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onliest crook its transpose endures on
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00:15:21,630 --> 00:15:24,510
their plight I'm Kalifa Scoville
281
00:15:24,510 --> 00:15:28,200
all that disgusting ministers the stinky
282
00:15:28,200 --> 00:15:30,270
escapee advantage there's please
283
00:15:30,270 --> 00:15:32,880
Maharashtra please don't rat Co all
284
00:15:32,880 --> 00:15:34,880
their games a thousand a minute scene
285
00:15:34,880 --> 00:15:39,180
but really this is so bogus
286
00:15:39,180 --> 00:15:42,270
now Goods dumb name different specialist
287
00:15:42,270 --> 00:15:44,690
absent
288
00:15:45,720 --> 00:15:53,609
[Music]
289
00:15:55,030 --> 00:15:58,510
here do Kansas not said the signs for
290
00:15:58,510 --> 00:16:00,900
towing here bitter rot speaker commit
291
00:16:00,900 --> 00:16:02,790
mmm
292
00:16:02,790 --> 00:16:05,620
only a minority of slaves worked as
293
00:16:05,620 --> 00:16:08,290
domestic servants most labored in the
294
00:16:08,290 --> 00:16:14,320
fields in mines or in thermal baths in
295
00:16:14,320 --> 00:16:16,480
central sicily the province of enna
296
00:16:16,480 --> 00:16:18,610
boasts one of the best preserved Roman
297
00:16:18,610 --> 00:16:23,530
bath houses it is part of the villa
298
00:16:23,530 --> 00:16:26,710
Romana del Casali a luxurious Country
299
00:16:26,710 --> 00:16:31,080
Estate World Heritage listed since 1997
300
00:16:31,080 --> 00:16:33,640
quasi a Monet preferred Nadella villas
301
00:16:33,640 --> 00:16:36,250
America's all a quest race oh no della
302
00:16:36,250 --> 00:16:39,130
grand I Cal died Adobe servility Bonanno
303
00:16:39,130 --> 00:16:41,470
Eleniak a survivor is called our ilaria
304
00:16:41,470 --> 00:16:44,080
capo at Reverso questa Kuniko Lea a
305
00:16:44,080 --> 00:16:47,470
laborer is called Otto Leterme questell
306
00:16:47,470 --> 00:16:50,170
parlamento Quinn do so no ACOTA pubis
307
00:16:50,170 --> 00:16:52,660
opposite ochico Laval area called a
308
00:16:52,660 --> 00:16:54,850
Karass cadaval ambiente logical - it
309
00:16:54,850 --> 00:17:00,060
cool Ivanka Dali Peretti Vesta Kali
310
00:17:00,060 --> 00:17:02,560
questo a la parte de la vela case a
311
00:17:02,560 --> 00:17:05,380
foursome Oh in Oriente camera mo Imam
312
00:17:05,380 --> 00:17:07,630
Alhassan Adela coup de Dell course Poe
313
00:17:07,630 --> 00:17:10,119
is Imani Chetan even a liqueur Adele
314
00:17:10,119 --> 00:17:13,089
corpo the mosaics tell of this as well
315
00:17:13,089 --> 00:17:15,940
they show slaves bringing massage oil
316
00:17:15,940 --> 00:17:18,900
into the bowels
317
00:17:19,569 --> 00:17:22,819
female slaves are depicted - they were
318
00:17:22,819 --> 00:17:25,459
to look after the women visitors one of
319
00:17:25,459 --> 00:17:33,590
their duties was to dry their hair west
320
00:17:33,590 --> 00:17:36,649
allis transitive family Lama as Cazalas
321
00:17:36,649 --> 00:17:40,879
represent lead on in bikini sono le
322
00:17:40,879 --> 00:17:43,340
palace create a choice oh no every sport
323
00:17:43,340 --> 00:17:47,509
Oh che El Paso lanzhou del disco Shayla
324
00:17:47,509 --> 00:17:51,830
Corsa Cherlapally bolo a poacher la
325
00:17:51,830 --> 00:17:54,580
première Sione
326
00:17:55,330 --> 00:17:58,190
questo è un elemento Sutra le mostró
327
00:17:58,190 --> 00:18:00,169
importante la vie la so Marcus Allah
328
00:18:00,169 --> 00:18:03,590
liquide ato a la su to decay serve Eva
329
00:18:03,590 --> 00:18:06,139
porque el aqua dentro la vie la semana
330
00:18:06,139 --> 00:18:08,210
laka dentro de villiers Romana serve Eva
331
00:18:08,210 --> 00:18:10,279
Pirelli P scheana Sergio Pelle Kushina
332
00:18:10,279 --> 00:18:13,609
masseur V donk a pair impress car a lara
333
00:18:13,609 --> 00:18:16,399
durante Lestat a la vie la romana era
334
00:18:16,399 --> 00:18:20,869
piena d suntan a distributor per tutta
335
00:18:20,869 --> 00:18:23,690
la Villa / que la cual Elemento most
336
00:18:23,690 --> 00:18:28,700
important a the aqueduct was an
337
00:18:28,700 --> 00:18:31,070
invention of Rome's brilliant engineers
338
00:18:31,070 --> 00:18:33,919
their monumental waterways were also
339
00:18:33,919 --> 00:18:37,720
masterpieces of architecture
340
00:18:42,980 --> 00:18:45,440
the hand of the Roman water department
341
00:18:45,440 --> 00:18:48,590
wrote proudly compare the rich variety
342
00:18:48,590 --> 00:18:51,020
of the constructions that bring us our
343
00:18:51,020 --> 00:18:53,390
water would be useless pyramids or the
344
00:18:53,390 --> 00:18:55,450
pointless edifices of the Greeks
345
00:18:55,450 --> 00:18:58,690
[Music]
346
00:18:58,690 --> 00:19:01,360
there were five long-distance pipelines
347
00:19:01,360 --> 00:19:04,200
to Rome alone every day they brought in
348
00:19:04,200 --> 00:19:07,240
900 million litres of fresh water an
349
00:19:07,240 --> 00:19:10,480
average of 400 liters per person per day
350
00:19:10,480 --> 00:19:12,270
[Music]
351
00:19:12,270 --> 00:19:14,920
the incoming water was stored in
352
00:19:14,920 --> 00:19:17,020
reservoirs and from there it was
353
00:19:17,020 --> 00:19:19,810
directed by a pressurised pipes to the
354
00:19:19,810 --> 00:19:24,030
distributing reservoirs in the city
355
00:19:24,840 --> 00:19:27,330
each part of town had its own public
356
00:19:27,330 --> 00:19:30,029
latrines where people like to meet to
357
00:19:30,029 --> 00:19:32,090
discuss personal or business matters
358
00:19:32,090 --> 00:19:35,250
Rome also had several large baths and
359
00:19:35,250 --> 00:19:37,679
over a thousand wells to provide a
360
00:19:37,679 --> 00:19:39,830
constant source of fresh drinking water
361
00:19:39,830 --> 00:19:42,900
the motto of the day was son uncle up
362
00:19:42,900 --> 00:19:46,950
one for spa for short it means healthy
363
00:19:46,950 --> 00:19:49,320
through water
364
00:19:49,320 --> 00:19:53,610
[Music]
365
00:19:53,610 --> 00:19:56,980
pipes from ancient times still supply
366
00:19:56,980 --> 00:19:59,590
the trevi fountain up to the 19th
367
00:19:59,590 --> 00:20:01,840
century the Roman water system was
368
00:20:01,840 --> 00:20:05,850
considered Europe's most advanced
369
00:20:06,260 --> 00:20:11,860
[Music]
370
00:20:11,860 --> 00:20:15,250
the idea of piping water into cities has
371
00:20:15,250 --> 00:20:18,540
long since spread all over the world
372
00:20:18,540 --> 00:20:22,850
[Music]
373
00:20:22,850 --> 00:20:25,940
modern day water engineers demonstrate
374
00:20:25,940 --> 00:20:28,009
just what the Roman achievement made
375
00:20:28,009 --> 00:20:30,610
possible
376
00:20:35,030 --> 00:20:44,799
[Music]
377
00:20:44,799 --> 00:20:47,659
the pleasant way of life in ancient Rome
378
00:20:47,659 --> 00:20:50,380
was also made possible by hard-working
379
00:20:50,380 --> 00:20:54,080
administrators firstly can notice wiggly
380
00:20:54,080 --> 00:20:56,179
fish to give it a light I give this
381
00:20:56,179 --> 00:20:57,860
fighter Annika angling heightens
382
00:20:57,860 --> 00:21:01,789
finished Vartan kann ich Tim listen
383
00:21:01,789 --> 00:21:03,770
fiddly Nestor violin ville ambitious
384
00:21:03,770 --> 00:21:07,100
undone Xanthi d'Elegance s iny a [ __ ]
385
00:21:07,100 --> 00:21:09,350
59 Gert often Jesus person does a nice
386
00:21:09,350 --> 00:21:11,590
fish
387
00:21:15,510 --> 00:21:18,220
the Roman oppressors were neither lazy
388
00:21:18,220 --> 00:21:21,220
nor decadent on the contrary they were
389
00:21:21,220 --> 00:21:23,919
hardworking and ambitious and they held
390
00:21:23,919 --> 00:21:28,059
the Empire together it was only a few
391
00:21:28,059 --> 00:21:30,250
hundred men who governed the 60 million
392
00:21:30,250 --> 00:21:33,220
subjects of the Empire a handful of
393
00:21:33,220 --> 00:21:35,799
managers ran the mega enterprise of the
394
00:21:35,799 --> 00:21:41,100
Imperium Romanum guilty that's me
395
00:21:42,090 --> 00:21:44,510
they were the workaholics of their day
396
00:21:44,510 --> 00:21:47,310
Treasury officials town planners or
397
00:21:47,310 --> 00:21:49,980
distributors of food all labored to
398
00:21:49,980 --> 00:21:56,610
ensure that the Empire ran smoothly they
399
00:21:56,610 --> 00:21:58,710
organized the transport of goods to the
400
00:21:58,710 --> 00:22:02,490
capital wine the noil came in m4i mainly
401
00:22:02,490 --> 00:22:04,830
from Spain from North Africa they
402
00:22:04,830 --> 00:22:07,950
brought horses for the army gold
403
00:22:07,950 --> 00:22:10,980
provided iron amber came from gear Manya
404
00:22:10,980 --> 00:22:14,280
and Britannia delivered wool the most
405
00:22:14,280 --> 00:22:17,010
important commodity of all grain came
406
00:22:17,010 --> 00:22:21,770
from Rome's richest province Egypt
407
00:22:25,380 --> 00:22:28,120
the land of the Pharaohs was the mighty
408
00:22:28,120 --> 00:22:31,230
empires breadbasket
409
00:22:34,640 --> 00:22:36,860
the Egyptians are grown grain on the
410
00:22:36,860 --> 00:22:39,140
Fertile banks of the Nile for thousands
411
00:22:39,140 --> 00:22:41,250
of years
412
00:22:41,250 --> 00:22:44,860
[Music]
413
00:22:44,860 --> 00:22:47,649
a large part of their harvest now went
414
00:22:47,649 --> 00:22:51,340
to Rome which consumed 300,000 tons of
415
00:22:51,340 --> 00:22:55,659
grain a year bread for the masses was an
416
00:22:55,659 --> 00:22:58,210
instrument of power in Rome if the
417
00:22:58,210 --> 00:23:00,360
people weren't hungry they were quiet
418
00:23:00,360 --> 00:23:03,279
Roman rulers knew that stability in the
419
00:23:03,279 --> 00:23:07,029
Empire rested on stability in womb it
420
00:23:07,029 --> 00:23:11,289
meant filling a lot of stomachs as
421
00:23:11,289 --> 00:23:13,419
scientist other anti Jesus you're better
422
00:23:13,419 --> 00:23:15,850
is the skirt in perfectly fine
423
00:23:15,850 --> 00:23:17,529
the Honda chatter conveyed and wished
424
00:23:17,529 --> 00:23:19,169
him tomorrow Snejana
425
00:23:19,169 --> 00:23:22,990
and soon try on that don't warm about
426
00:23:22,990 --> 00:23:28,120
developing Priscilla for a manor home is
427
00:23:28,120 --> 00:23:33,510
that owner that leash law warmest Yvette
428
00:23:33,810 --> 00:23:37,150
one Fergus me maths doesn't cure young
429
00:23:37,150 --> 00:23:45,070
built Vitamix in southern Rome there is
430
00:23:45,070 --> 00:23:47,770
a mound of shattered amphora that stands
431
00:23:47,770 --> 00:23:51,220
35 meters high it is a testament to how
432
00:23:51,220 --> 00:23:53,080
many people had to be fed in ancient
433
00:23:53,080 --> 00:23:56,350
Rome olive oil was transported to Rome
434
00:23:56,350 --> 00:23:59,110
in clay pots which were used once and
435
00:23:59,110 --> 00:24:02,500
then disposed of here at Monte testaccio
436
00:24:02,500 --> 00:24:06,300
the mountain workshops
437
00:24:07,590 --> 00:24:12,210
aqui esta Anne firor esto frumenty os--
438
00:24:12,210 --> 00:24:16,120
Sunday al philosoph reconnaissance M
439
00:24:16,120 --> 00:24:20,680
porque la pasta es muy FINA y en un
440
00:24:20,680 --> 00:24:24,000
sonidos metalic o bastante Natori o
441
00:24:24,000 --> 00:24:26,530
dividend o el peso que los que o logos
442
00:24:26,530 --> 00:24:29,800
an calculate Delta tacho por el piso de
443
00:24:29,800 --> 00:24:32,830
mano fora podemos llegar a la conclusion
444
00:24:32,830 --> 00:24:36,340
de que lo que todavía que de yagi say a
445
00:24:36,340 --> 00:24:39,870
perdido mucho material represent area
446
00:24:39,870 --> 00:24:44,800
asset a suficiente para lament our Anup
447
00:24:44,800 --> 00:24:47,310
ablation de un million Devitt antes
448
00:24:47,310 --> 00:24:50,980
durante doe cientos in Quentin's to feed
449
00:24:50,980 --> 00:24:53,700
Oprah million people in Rome alone
450
00:24:53,700 --> 00:24:58,960
administration honto ran smoothly vector
451
00:24:58,960 --> 00:25:02,140
so phytic a chance mrs. stone by boat in
452
00:25:02,140 --> 00:25:04,360
Denver's temple tada dismiss Teddy saifa
453
00:25:04,360 --> 00:25:07,800
terrestre Menace Marilyn
454
00:25:08,570 --> 00:25:11,540
vengan Houston Easter's in our sector
455
00:25:11,540 --> 00:25:16,950
next of asana at the top of you the list
456
00:25:16,950 --> 00:25:18,600
limiting styie I'm Nam has tried to
457
00:25:18,600 --> 00:25:20,910
three I'm the tossin won't we see this
458
00:25:20,910 --> 00:25:25,020
house they say I've no I get from Eddie
459
00:25:25,020 --> 00:25:25,590
Sutton
460
00:25:25,590 --> 00:25:27,330
that's ass biscuit no that's pretty much
461
00:25:27,330 --> 00:25:31,860
ricin great onion galleon we're Italian
462
00:25:31,860 --> 00:25:35,940
versus mcbean Kim radish the whole [ __ ]
463
00:25:35,940 --> 00:25:38,190
Mia both infertility writer or bring
464
00:25:38,190 --> 00:25:41,090
maybe I am so far
465
00:25:41,810 --> 00:25:44,900
[Music]
466
00:25:44,900 --> 00:25:46,970
controlling the Empire would have been
467
00:25:46,970 --> 00:25:49,340
impossible without an extensive network
468
00:25:49,340 --> 00:25:57,140
of roads so transport routes were
469
00:25:57,140 --> 00:25:59,780
created throughout the empire the many
470
00:25:59,780 --> 00:26:01,670
legionaries stationed in the provinces
471
00:26:01,670 --> 00:26:05,690
had to work as builders laborers
472
00:26:05,690 --> 00:26:08,630
[Music]
473
00:26:08,630 --> 00:26:11,630
little by little the Romans built paved
474
00:26:11,630 --> 00:26:15,610
roads all over the Empire
475
00:26:17,840 --> 00:26:19,710
[Music]
476
00:26:19,710 --> 00:26:22,020
the roads ran from the capital to the
477
00:26:22,020 --> 00:26:24,690
outermost borders through woods and
478
00:26:24,690 --> 00:26:27,810
wilderness past army camps villages and
479
00:26:27,810 --> 00:26:30,290
towns
480
00:26:34,690 --> 00:26:37,220
the roman transport system was
481
00:26:37,220 --> 00:26:38,299
unparalleled
482
00:26:38,299 --> 00:26:41,240
God's people and news could travel
483
00:26:41,240 --> 00:26:44,179
easily from Rome to Spain to Britannia
484
00:26:44,179 --> 00:26:47,840
goal orga Manya to the Black Sea or
485
00:26:47,840 --> 00:26:49,960
North Africa
486
00:26:49,960 --> 00:26:52,860
[Music]
487
00:26:52,860 --> 00:26:55,260
the Roman roads remained the boon to
488
00:26:55,260 --> 00:26:58,019
Europe for centuries after Imperial Rome
489
00:26:58,019 --> 00:27:00,899
itself had disappeared many of today's
490
00:27:00,899 --> 00:27:03,240
most important transport routes still
491
00:27:03,240 --> 00:27:05,549
follow the roads that once crisscross
492
00:27:05,549 --> 00:27:08,809
the Roman Empire
493
00:27:12,000 --> 00:27:14,519
the Roman principle of linking places
494
00:27:14,519 --> 00:27:16,830
through sophisticated infrastructure and
495
00:27:16,830 --> 00:27:21,269
logistics lives on on land at sea and in
496
00:27:21,269 --> 00:27:23,480
the air
497
00:27:24,860 --> 00:27:29,210
[Music]
498
00:27:29,210 --> 00:27:32,280
Rome's rulers invested in entertainment
499
00:27:32,280 --> 00:27:35,190
as well arenas were built all over the
500
00:27:35,190 --> 00:27:37,740
Empire the greatest of them was the
501
00:27:37,740 --> 00:27:38,550
Colosseum
502
00:27:38,550 --> 00:27:41,160
there were regular gladiator shows in
503
00:27:41,160 --> 00:27:44,260
the giant amphitheater
504
00:27:44,260 --> 00:27:46,930
[Music]
505
00:27:46,930 --> 00:27:50,010
the gladiators would roam these stands
506
00:27:50,010 --> 00:27:53,110
their lives were mostly short but
507
00:27:53,110 --> 00:27:56,830
exciting in the gladiator schools they
508
00:27:56,830 --> 00:27:58,870
were well looked after they received
509
00:27:58,870 --> 00:28:00,820
regular massages and had the best
510
00:28:00,820 --> 00:28:03,670
doctors the lucky ones only had to fight
511
00:28:03,670 --> 00:28:07,810
three times a year some had their own
512
00:28:07,810 --> 00:28:09,940
agents who took good care of their
513
00:28:09,940 --> 00:28:13,090
prodigies after all they hoped to recoup
514
00:28:13,090 --> 00:28:15,340
their expenses out of the generous prize
515
00:28:15,340 --> 00:28:19,450
money the fearless fighters blood was
516
00:28:19,450 --> 00:28:22,420
even traded as a potency drug the viagra
517
00:28:22,420 --> 00:28:27,570
of the ancient world the women of Rome
518
00:28:27,570 --> 00:28:37,000
idolized the gladiators no one has died
519
00:28:37,000 --> 00:28:39,100
in battle in the Colosseum for a very
520
00:28:39,100 --> 00:28:42,790
long time but 2,000 years ago it was a
521
00:28:42,790 --> 00:28:49,350
different story in the so-called games
522
00:28:49,350 --> 00:28:51,760
hundreds of thousands of prisoners of
523
00:28:51,760 --> 00:28:54,310
war criminals Christians and the
524
00:28:54,310 --> 00:28:56,590
gladiators lost their lives either
525
00:28:56,590 --> 00:28:58,930
fighting each other or facing wild
526
00:28:58,930 --> 00:29:00,920
animals
527
00:29:00,920 --> 00:29:02,580
[Music]
528
00:29:02,580 --> 00:29:05,280
the idea of staging spectacles in huge
529
00:29:05,280 --> 00:29:08,460
arenas was born in Rome there the
530
00:29:08,460 --> 00:29:10,770
concept of bread and circuses was
531
00:29:10,770 --> 00:29:17,070
politically driven in the 21st century
532
00:29:17,070 --> 00:29:21,470
it's a matter of entertainment and money
533
00:29:23,210 --> 00:29:26,460
but the appetite for spectacle remains
534
00:29:26,460 --> 00:29:29,340
the same even if no one has to die to
535
00:29:29,340 --> 00:29:38,190
thrill the spectators today's stars are
536
00:29:38,190 --> 00:29:40,980
footballers like the gladiators they can
537
00:29:40,980 --> 00:29:42,870
earn a fortune for themselves and their
538
00:29:42,870 --> 00:29:45,870
agents and they too are idolized by
539
00:29:45,870 --> 00:29:52,260
their fans citizens of Rome had one
540
00:29:52,260 --> 00:29:55,050
enormous privilege in the eyes of the
541
00:29:55,050 --> 00:29:58,460
law they were all equal
542
00:29:59,060 --> 00:30:01,860
while slaves were at the mercy of their
543
00:30:01,860 --> 00:30:04,410
masters all Roman citizens without
544
00:30:04,410 --> 00:30:06,810
exception had the protection of Roman
545
00:30:06,810 --> 00:30:09,110
law
546
00:30:12,620 --> 00:30:15,150
plaintiffs were usually represented by a
547
00:30:15,150 --> 00:30:15,810
lawyer
548
00:30:15,810 --> 00:30:18,060
they often prepared their case in the
549
00:30:18,060 --> 00:30:23,640
public latrines that was pataga yeah but
550
00:30:23,640 --> 00:30:25,500
survives it's a mayor who I mind
551
00:30:25,500 --> 00:30:28,380
that's happen via darshan if Gargas has
552
00:30:28,380 --> 00:30:32,010
to provide hands has divisor arlov
553
00:30:32,010 --> 00:30:34,470
advice dr. simopoulos destroyed big
554
00:30:34,470 --> 00:30:37,350
asthma concise quick even zoned in Villa
555
00:30:37,350 --> 00:30:40,440
who decide on the bonnet there's equal
556
00:30:40,440 --> 00:30:43,530
establish is described as ice bear can't
557
00:30:43,530 --> 00:30:45,990
hold him for eyes I'll give a hundred
558
00:30:45,990 --> 00:30:48,780
eyes er keine Gargash they should still
559
00:30:48,780 --> 00:30:51,880
mister clear over the ground
560
00:30:51,880 --> 00:30:54,429
[Music]
561
00:30:54,429 --> 00:30:57,139
sue em is China
562
00:30:57,139 --> 00:31:00,350
anagon calm java.lang aparajita mohanty
563
00:31:00,350 --> 00:31:03,169
remit gift on Savannah's progress fairy
564
00:31:03,169 --> 00:31:06,159
toast recipe that's work nice lifestyle
565
00:31:06,159 --> 00:31:08,389
philharmonie steamer and a voice very
566
00:31:08,389 --> 00:31:11,090
near Dhaka nice Frances Olga's optimist
567
00:31:11,090 --> 00:31:14,480
I smelled a mesh mesh pocket Roz Roz
568
00:31:14,480 --> 00:31:24,820
fender Dominus thermal of camellias
569
00:31:24,820 --> 00:31:28,009
realistic Nash's television salad our
570
00:31:28,009 --> 00:31:30,619
Lord in a a la comunidad
571
00:31:30,619 --> 00:31:32,960
senses para los trabajos de bellas
572
00:31:32,960 --> 00:31:35,419
Pacifica condolences from cerebro
573
00:31:35,419 --> 00:31:38,659
Seabury discs emit young claritin single
574
00:31:38,659 --> 00:31:41,720
serve a risk in the return of Siffin the
575
00:31:41,720 --> 00:31:45,129
sweet Morris new costume addendum canopy
576
00:31:45,129 --> 00:31:48,259
penguin Oh sweetie the tempo in Bieber
577
00:31:48,259 --> 00:31:52,909
Ovilus II is food on set Bianca Lolita
578
00:31:52,909 --> 00:31:57,649
Carol Egypt's Christa the Romans were
579
00:31:57,649 --> 00:32:00,409
the litigious people their courts were
580
00:32:00,409 --> 00:32:02,539
open to the public and many citizens
581
00:32:02,539 --> 00:32:06,379
attended them as a pastime aspiring
582
00:32:06,379 --> 00:32:08,779
lawyers had to Train long and hard as
583
00:32:08,779 --> 00:32:12,049
there was no formal legal education they
584
00:32:12,049 --> 00:32:16,879
learnt from experienced lawyers and then
585
00:32:16,879 --> 00:32:19,050
here
586
00:32:19,050 --> 00:32:23,460
which was the any folders here diamonds
587
00:32:24,870 --> 00:32:35,610
dunsack my bus to cast doors here herma
588
00:32:35,610 --> 00:32:41,490
not idle nor Strauss ha
589
00:32:44,820 --> 00:32:47,729
give em our floater
590
00:32:47,729 --> 00:32:51,969
do most of these oak Maxima vamos diner
591
00:32:51,969 --> 00:32:54,429
on the VESA we're not all suggest the
592
00:32:54,429 --> 00:32:57,779
Beasties nighter
593
00:32:59,860 --> 00:33:02,090
[Music]
594
00:33:02,090 --> 00:33:08,040
boomer would be lawyers practice their
595
00:33:08,040 --> 00:33:10,680
elocution and rhetoric for years in the
596
00:33:10,680 --> 00:33:12,600
hope that one day they would be able to
597
00:33:12,600 --> 00:33:17,090
speak before record Nikita
598
00:33:17,090 --> 00:33:20,520
Albert Roscoe feats allowed on Cicero
599
00:33:20,520 --> 00:33:23,250
the heart of my client Unger flanked a
600
00:33:23,250 --> 00:33:25,880
pleasure Devon that sister's Lobby
601
00:33:25,880 --> 00:33:30,330
comments the speeches of Cicero were
602
00:33:30,330 --> 00:33:32,070
essential reading for lawyers in
603
00:33:32,070 --> 00:33:37,950
training Cicero was the most famous
604
00:33:37,950 --> 00:33:40,830
Roman orator of them all generations of
605
00:33:40,830 --> 00:33:43,200
lawyers model themselves on him because
606
00:33:43,200 --> 00:33:45,450
only a brilliant speaker could win the
607
00:33:45,450 --> 00:33:46,260
day in court
608
00:33:46,260 --> 00:33:53,340
a Roman trial proceeded much as trials
609
00:33:53,340 --> 00:33:55,800
do today first the plaintiff presented
610
00:33:55,800 --> 00:33:58,530
his case it was then considered in the
611
00:33:58,530 --> 00:34:00,900
presence of the defendant a jury
612
00:34:00,900 --> 00:34:02,250
delivered its verdict
613
00:34:02,250 --> 00:34:04,860
they had cards with a four am so
614
00:34:04,860 --> 00:34:08,100
Louisville acquittal and see for condemn
615
00:34:08,100 --> 00:34:15,120
no conviction the penalties ranged from
616
00:34:15,120 --> 00:34:18,239
simple vines to banishment to death in
617
00:34:18,239 --> 00:34:20,880
the arena if the majority of the jury
618
00:34:20,880 --> 00:34:24,090
abstained the verdict was in Gubbio Pro
619
00:34:24,090 --> 00:34:30,239
rail when in doubt for the accused -
620
00:34:30,239 --> 00:34:33,600
solo new a TV news project check in for
621
00:34:33,600 --> 00:34:35,659
Chester food people
622
00:34:35,659 --> 00:34:39,870
Excalibur's MTO villagiulio in comunidad
623
00:34:39,870 --> 00:34:43,469
que interview mira el culpable de
624
00:34:43,469 --> 00:34:47,460
encuesta gonzo adjudication ii cheated
625
00:34:47,460 --> 00:34:49,949
amidst a tyranny Janelle committee Oh
626
00:34:49,949 --> 00:34:51,210
quando você
627
00:34:51,210 --> 00:34:53,820
Adeste plays Oh own interests a
628
00:34:53,820 --> 00:34:56,429
distinguished history no korekado de
629
00:34:56,429 --> 00:35:01,070
food so you Lucas Vito in full toe Adela
630
00:35:01,070 --> 00:35:05,270
cardiologist Rizzo perky delicious pizza
631
00:35:05,270 --> 00:35:07,890
political crimes were prosecuted in
632
00:35:07,890 --> 00:35:10,020
extraordinary courts which were also
633
00:35:10,020 --> 00:35:12,420
open to the public but the law itself
634
00:35:12,420 --> 00:35:15,450
was the same for all citizens everyone
635
00:35:15,450 --> 00:35:17,550
had the same protection rich and poor
636
00:35:17,550 --> 00:35:26,250
men and women Roman women had more
637
00:35:26,250 --> 00:35:29,040
freedom than Greek women political
638
00:35:29,040 --> 00:35:31,620
office was close to them but before the
639
00:35:31,620 --> 00:35:34,330
law they had the same rights as men
640
00:35:34,330 --> 00:35:37,070
[Music]
641
00:35:37,070 --> 00:35:48,890
please he's it some specimens
642
00:35:50,950 --> 00:35:54,770
give it now - cos x Kishida but if I get
643
00:35:54,770 --> 00:35:58,190
meaty meat gift hair Easter Jesus
644
00:35:58,190 --> 00:35:59,690
because that's goodbye airborne is
645
00:35:59,690 --> 00:36:02,240
Lesnar versus cos executed an extension
646
00:36:02,240 --> 00:36:05,900
man a fish he'll Vista the abandoned
647
00:36:05,900 --> 00:36:07,520
zone become the amoeba hope Nick
648
00:36:07,520 --> 00:36:11,060
anything server so tremor [ __ ] about
649
00:36:11,060 --> 00:36:13,940
in hidden father the you know hobble on
650
00:36:13,940 --> 00:36:17,359
- Jota ha before in the sea in your
651
00:36:17,359 --> 00:36:19,280
sight our debugger sesh
652
00:36:19,280 --> 00:36:22,520
we have a super bad harvest meet a unix
653
00:36:22,520 --> 00:36:28,000
time for these mandates of no man get to
654
00:36:28,000 --> 00:36:32,119
a smile again - monster deciliters get
655
00:36:32,119 --> 00:36:36,380
near so that's the divisor protect one
656
00:36:36,380 --> 00:36:39,260
of advice Afghanistan that the ahead and
657
00:36:39,260 --> 00:36:41,450
slide site what was in targets Odin
658
00:36:41,450 --> 00:36:46,750
leave eigen Tichenor Ostertag Avenue
659
00:36:49,059 --> 00:36:52,209
Bassam al-asad Nevada man gave become on
660
00:36:52,209 --> 00:36:54,039
th the skin shavanasa true auf
661
00:36:54,039 --> 00:36:59,619
wiedersehen lead on a Romani I'm no
662
00:36:59,619 --> 00:37:01,839
Maggiore Dickey image or Eva star
663
00:37:01,839 --> 00:37:04,929
respect or a lead or net Greg ma-kun
664
00:37:04,929 --> 00:37:08,679
delimiter still windy post lowest rate
665
00:37:08,679 --> 00:37:11,229
it'll re-released each Lilly slowly
666
00:37:11,229 --> 00:37:13,140
ballistically teaches manejando
667
00:37:13,140 --> 00:37:15,599
capacity' Lea G de triomph
668
00:37:15,599 --> 00:37:18,999
austro-hungary de Soleil - tafoya's TK
669
00:37:18,999 --> 00:37:21,519
so necessary Paris pedir sundry so
670
00:37:21,519 --> 00:37:23,650
Christine where local event AO comprar a
671
00:37:23,650 --> 00:37:26,650
vendor to fondo a la morte del
672
00:37:26,650 --> 00:37:30,459
paterfamilias de la donna de Renta su
673
00:37:30,459 --> 00:37:33,880
URIs ma a de frente de Lima bikini
674
00:37:33,880 --> 00:37:36,339
rental o Allah basta Padres familia
675
00:37:36,339 --> 00:37:39,519
lador message esta a la potestas eldest
676
00:37:39,519 --> 00:37:41,969
daughter
677
00:37:42,200 --> 00:37:45,120
Roman law was perhaps the Empire's
678
00:37:45,120 --> 00:37:46,990
biggest export
679
00:37:46,990 --> 00:37:49,210
[Music]
680
00:37:49,210 --> 00:37:52,190
no other set of laws has had such a
681
00:37:52,190 --> 00:37:56,050
strong influence on later legal systems
682
00:37:56,050 --> 00:37:59,810
in Germany every law student still has
683
00:37:59,810 --> 00:38:02,570
the study Roman law because it is the
684
00:38:02,570 --> 00:38:04,460
backbone of the legal systems of
685
00:38:04,460 --> 00:38:07,790
continental Europe nor is it only
686
00:38:07,790 --> 00:38:09,770
European courts that follow the
687
00:38:09,770 --> 00:38:12,410
tradition of Roman law the charter of
688
00:38:12,410 --> 00:38:15,080
the United Nations in New York is also
689
00:38:15,080 --> 00:38:18,970
based on Roman principles
690
00:38:24,230 --> 00:38:27,330
but there were people's who wanted no
691
00:38:27,330 --> 00:38:34,770
part of Rome they never accepted the
692
00:38:34,770 --> 00:38:37,140
supremacy of Roman law over their own
693
00:38:37,140 --> 00:38:40,280
rules and customs
694
00:38:43,319 --> 00:38:46,269
in border areas where there were
695
00:38:46,269 --> 00:38:48,519
frequent uprisings the Romans were
696
00:38:48,519 --> 00:38:50,890
ruthless in imposing their version of
697
00:38:50,890 --> 00:38:54,839
justice is volatility anger glutton
698
00:38:54,839 --> 00:39:00,930
being hoc perhaps some thought uncoils
699
00:39:03,119 --> 00:39:05,650
the subject people's in the Empire's
700
00:39:05,650 --> 00:39:08,710
north were always rebellious and they
701
00:39:08,710 --> 00:39:15,519
weren't the only ones the Legionaries
702
00:39:15,519 --> 00:39:17,739
most dangerous opponent was the
703
00:39:17,739 --> 00:39:20,910
Parthians of persia
704
00:39:22,270 --> 00:39:25,180
the beats made frequent raids into the
705
00:39:25,180 --> 00:39:28,590
Roman province of Britannia
706
00:39:29,900 --> 00:39:33,440
in North Africa the Berbers attacked the
707
00:39:33,440 --> 00:39:38,780
Romans again and again most feared of
708
00:39:38,780 --> 00:39:41,720
all were the Germanic tribes who were
709
00:39:41,720 --> 00:39:45,020
always on the point of rebellion they
710
00:39:45,020 --> 00:39:47,630
lived in mist and cold in seemingly
711
00:39:47,630 --> 00:39:50,960
endless forests to the Romans it was
712
00:39:50,960 --> 00:39:53,920
nothing but wilderness
713
00:39:54,520 --> 00:39:59,040
[Music]
714
00:39:59,040 --> 00:40:02,349
there were no towns there was nothing
715
00:40:02,349 --> 00:40:05,080
the Romans recognized as civilization or
716
00:40:05,080 --> 00:40:08,320
law and order it was a world entirely
717
00:40:08,320 --> 00:40:11,349
different from Rome a world that filled
718
00:40:11,349 --> 00:40:14,790
the Romans with fear
719
00:40:21,280 --> 00:40:24,700
but more dangerous than all the wild men
720
00:40:24,700 --> 00:40:27,930
of the north was a single Roman officer
721
00:40:27,930 --> 00:40:30,930
Arminius
722
00:40:32,690 --> 00:40:34,680
Arminius had been taken from his
723
00:40:34,680 --> 00:40:37,380
Germanic tribe as a child and raised as
724
00:40:37,380 --> 00:40:39,839
a Roman he spoke Latin and was
725
00:40:39,839 --> 00:40:41,700
well-versed in Roman weaponry and
726
00:40:41,700 --> 00:40:44,819
tactics he returned home as a Roman
727
00:40:44,819 --> 00:40:46,920
officer in command of Germanic
728
00:40:46,920 --> 00:40:49,609
auxiliaries
729
00:40:52,670 --> 00:40:55,130
but Arminius never felt that he truly
730
00:40:55,130 --> 00:40:57,740
belonged to Rome
731
00:40:57,740 --> 00:41:00,380
[Music]
732
00:41:00,380 --> 00:41:03,010
so he swapped sides
733
00:41:03,010 --> 00:41:07,350
[Music]
734
00:41:07,350 --> 00:41:10,470
in secret Arminius rallied the Germanic
735
00:41:10,470 --> 00:41:17,580
tribes perhaps he hoped to rule the
736
00:41:17,580 --> 00:41:18,870
united gimana
737
00:41:18,870 --> 00:41:22,260
as king what is certain is that he
738
00:41:22,260 --> 00:41:24,920
planned a decisive blow against roman
739
00:41:24,920 --> 00:41:27,750
colonization of his country
740
00:41:27,750 --> 00:41:34,540
[Music]
741
00:41:34,540 --> 00:41:38,000
Giovanni reside in Plano yoga camp OD
742
00:41:38,000 --> 00:41:41,060
religion and looking after in Rayong
743
00:41:41,060 --> 00:41:46,220
lead with such a vote for that bill
744
00:41:46,220 --> 00:41:53,810
Bynum often engraved alt again well done
745
00:41:53,810 --> 00:41:56,930
Ben Museum of the Martian guys the
746
00:41:56,930 --> 00:41:59,450
exhaust it is Caribbean Lindo Milan
747
00:41:59,450 --> 00:42:05,060
vital to him avocados leave me trail a
748
00:42:05,060 --> 00:42:10,390
German does it fast run six thousand man
749
00:42:10,390 --> 00:42:13,430
he is it in an Italian vehicle affinity
750
00:42:13,430 --> 00:42:15,590
bike like that is a crime College off
751
00:42:15,590 --> 00:42:21,490
its loss of citizen why
752
00:42:22,940 --> 00:42:27,540
in 9 ad Arminius and his allies lured
753
00:42:27,540 --> 00:42:32,040
the Romans into a well-laid ambush three
754
00:42:32,040 --> 00:42:34,710
full legions walked into the trap and
755
00:42:34,710 --> 00:42:40,340
the Germans sounded the signal to attack
756
00:42:43,070 --> 00:42:46,170
in the Battle of the total Borg forest
757
00:42:46,170 --> 00:42:50,600
all three Roman legions were wiped out
758
00:42:50,600 --> 00:42:53,490
it was one of the worst defeats that
759
00:42:53,490 --> 00:42:56,930
Blom ever something
760
00:43:02,589 --> 00:43:05,170
Arminius is remembered to this day as
761
00:43:05,170 --> 00:43:07,599
the liberator of gamma mia from the
762
00:43:07,599 --> 00:43:14,259
roman Jochen in the 19th century a
763
00:43:14,259 --> 00:43:16,660
colossal statue was erected in his honor
764
00:43:16,660 --> 00:43:19,800
the Hermann Monument
765
00:43:19,800 --> 00:43:25,439
[Music]
766
00:43:26,420 --> 00:43:29,520
after this disaster the Romans withdrew
767
00:43:29,520 --> 00:43:32,420
from all of gimana east of the Rhine
768
00:43:32,420 --> 00:43:35,430
they made the river the new Imperial
769
00:43:35,430 --> 00:43:39,720
border to separate themselves from the
770
00:43:39,720 --> 00:43:42,300
barbarians they built the limas gimana
771
00:43:42,300 --> 00:43:44,790
coast the largest fortification of its
772
00:43:44,790 --> 00:43:45,270
day
773
00:43:45,270 --> 00:43:48,330
stretching 550 kilometres through
774
00:43:48,330 --> 00:43:51,080
present-day Germany
775
00:44:01,060 --> 00:44:04,069
the Battle of the Toyota Berg forest was
776
00:44:04,069 --> 00:44:06,020
one of the most momentous of ancient
777
00:44:06,020 --> 00:44:08,420
times it meant that the hosts of
778
00:44:08,420 --> 00:44:10,760
Germanic tribes east of the Rhine could
779
00:44:10,760 --> 00:44:13,010
live in freedom an example of
780
00:44:13,010 --> 00:44:15,349
Independence that Rome had always been
781
00:44:15,349 --> 00:44:19,430
reluctant to tolerate all along
782
00:44:19,430 --> 00:44:22,490
continent effective our divine aniclato
783
00:44:22,490 --> 00:44:24,980
understand cadenza these notability
784
00:44:24,980 --> 00:44:28,130
rainstorms on a StarCruiser eleganza
785
00:44:28,130 --> 00:44:30,710
that's coming on ahoy Kanan somebody
786
00:44:30,710 --> 00:44:32,359
redirect us different source and sponsor
787
00:44:32,359 --> 00:44:34,069
this place another I know Amana ships
788
00:44:34,069 --> 00:44:37,220
offer about engaged lands it matters
789
00:44:37,220 --> 00:44:39,770
here entry at somebody who's mark come
790
00:44:39,770 --> 00:44:41,750
to follow the rest of us women shots I'd
791
00:44:41,750 --> 00:44:44,420
get divine land as Indian skis observed
792
00:44:44,420 --> 00:44:47,119
or style of CD we should see we desert
793
00:44:47,119 --> 00:44:49,700
join the nursing home Wilma hidden off
794
00:44:49,700 --> 00:44:51,829
bizarre diet by Owens is a list even
795
00:44:51,829 --> 00:44:54,079
easier to enter room of the unknowns I'd
796
00:44:54,079 --> 00:44:58,520
dices Parvati come Oda about the second
797
00:44:58,520 --> 00:45:01,099
Eagle man reserved tiga Manya Weber
798
00:45:01,099 --> 00:45:07,250
Ladas Saiga manga the tribes east of the
799
00:45:07,250 --> 00:45:10,579
Rhine and the Lemus were free but their
800
00:45:10,579 --> 00:45:11,750
freedom came at a price
801
00:45:11,750 --> 00:45:14,869
it meant continuing to live in simple
802
00:45:14,869 --> 00:45:18,140
huts in small scattered villages it was
803
00:45:18,140 --> 00:45:19,839
a life without the advantages of
804
00:45:19,839 --> 00:45:22,460
civilization and certainly without
805
00:45:22,460 --> 00:45:24,900
luxuries
806
00:45:24,900 --> 00:45:27,420
but millions of other people who had
807
00:45:27,420 --> 00:45:29,520
initially resisted the Romans became
808
00:45:29,520 --> 00:45:32,040
reconciled to the Empire for the
809
00:45:32,040 --> 00:45:37,500
advantages it brought them instead of
810
00:45:37,500 --> 00:45:40,170
getting bogged down on muddy tracks they
811
00:45:40,170 --> 00:45:44,090
could travel easily on paved roads
812
00:45:44,090 --> 00:45:47,220
people would lived in wooden huts moved
813
00:45:47,220 --> 00:45:49,980
into stone houses some even had
814
00:45:49,980 --> 00:45:52,980
underfloor heating in the cold north it
815
00:45:52,980 --> 00:45:58,080
made life a lot easier for many Roman
816
00:45:58,080 --> 00:46:01,190
rule meant the coming of the good life
817
00:46:01,190 --> 00:46:05,820
and the Romans laid on entertainment in
818
00:46:05,820 --> 00:46:12,660
large amphitheaters remnants of Roman
819
00:46:12,660 --> 00:46:15,150
civilization can be seen wherever the
820
00:46:15,150 --> 00:46:19,320
Roman writ ran there are the Magnificent
821
00:46:19,320 --> 00:46:21,590
baths
822
00:46:22,280 --> 00:46:24,920
and the multi-level aqueducts stretching
823
00:46:24,920 --> 00:46:28,550
for hundreds of kilometers there were
824
00:46:28,550 --> 00:46:30,500
the countryside amphitheaters and the
825
00:46:30,500 --> 00:46:34,060
huge arenas in the cities
826
00:46:38,329 --> 00:46:41,479
the Romans carved their culture in stone
827
00:46:41,479 --> 00:46:44,329
they left their mark not only in Europe
828
00:46:44,329 --> 00:46:48,069
but in North Africa as well
829
00:46:50,220 --> 00:46:52,500
there were many advantages to being a
830
00:46:52,500 --> 00:46:56,940
Roman province there for tire tread upon
831
00:46:56,940 --> 00:46:59,880
Edison bar in parks women are aware of
832
00:46:59,880 --> 00:47:02,670
Sweden on Everest and are a nasty rumor
833
00:47:02,670 --> 00:47:05,280
with alum they are dark medium Valley
834
00:47:05,280 --> 00:47:08,910
memory system given freedom Aveda ago
835
00:47:08,910 --> 00:47:11,190
fill affiliates in Tujunga the large
836
00:47:11,190 --> 00:47:12,300
current yet
837
00:47:12,300 --> 00:47:15,870
she must Indies in the Z you go under
838
00:47:15,870 --> 00:47:17,970
status with a vital and rated the
839
00:47:17,970 --> 00:47:20,820
highest Deloitte organization provided
840
00:47:20,820 --> 00:47:23,610
and accept an in-demand Alicia notice
841
00:47:23,610 --> 00:47:26,790
rushed went in Sweden the go-to really
842
00:47:26,790 --> 00:47:29,430
long test writers salon all fleece less
843
00:47:29,430 --> 00:47:32,220
Vasa the Goethe technique good from
844
00:47:32,220 --> 00:47:34,740
sunny under Spartan would honor oddly
845
00:47:34,740 --> 00:47:37,200
chef of Ultron demands a shorter in
846
00:47:37,200 --> 00:47:39,000
luncheon or vocational and none in
847
00:47:39,000 --> 00:47:41,540
unavenged
848
00:47:41,690 --> 00:47:44,810
and yet the Roman Empire collapsed
849
00:47:44,810 --> 00:47:47,220
despite having the best army in the
850
00:47:47,220 --> 00:47:49,980
ancient world and despite the plentiful
851
00:47:49,980 --> 00:47:52,170
supplies and the many freedoms enjoyed
852
00:47:52,170 --> 00:47:55,580
by Roman citizens
853
00:47:56,190 --> 00:48:01,390
the Empire gradually declined its fall
854
00:48:01,390 --> 00:48:04,060
has often been blamed on moral decay but
855
00:48:04,060 --> 00:48:07,090
this was not the main cause internal
856
00:48:07,090 --> 00:48:09,580
rivalry weakened the Empire because
857
00:48:09,580 --> 00:48:11,590
there was no system for an orderly
858
00:48:11,590 --> 00:48:14,350
transfer of power from one Emperor to
859
00:48:14,350 --> 00:48:19,570
another from the 3rd century on this
860
00:48:19,570 --> 00:48:21,490
became a chronic problem as would the
861
00:48:21,490 --> 00:48:24,160
Emperor's fought it out they were no
862
00:48:24,160 --> 00:48:26,590
longer fighting external enemies but
863
00:48:26,590 --> 00:48:29,760
their own countrymen
864
00:48:34,800 --> 00:48:37,810
on top of the crisis at home came
865
00:48:37,810 --> 00:48:40,780
pressure from outside the borders came
866
00:48:40,780 --> 00:48:42,850
under siege from the migration of whole
867
00:48:42,850 --> 00:48:46,690
peoples in the 4th century Huns vandals
868
00:48:46,690 --> 00:48:49,330
and Goths flooded into the Imperial
869
00:48:49,330 --> 00:48:52,540
territory often they were only looking
870
00:48:52,540 --> 00:48:55,270
for a better life but their influx
871
00:48:55,270 --> 00:48:59,640
sealed the fate of the superpower
872
00:49:02,220 --> 00:49:05,610
in the 5th century the Roman Empire
873
00:49:05,610 --> 00:49:09,930
ceased to exist but it's legacy is
874
00:49:09,930 --> 00:49:18,360
enormous for it is not only stadiums
875
00:49:18,360 --> 00:49:20,970
expertly designed for mass spectacles
876
00:49:20,970 --> 00:49:25,010
that the modern world holds to Rome
877
00:49:26,210 --> 00:49:36,180
[Music]
878
00:49:36,180 --> 00:49:39,809
we also owe to the Romans the whole idea
879
00:49:39,809 --> 00:49:42,420
that a functional infrastructure is the
880
00:49:42,420 --> 00:49:44,730
necessary underpinning of a successful
881
00:49:44,730 --> 00:49:46,860
society
882
00:49:46,860 --> 00:49:49,959
[Music]
883
00:49:50,240 --> 00:49:53,210
the memory of the Roman piece as the
884
00:49:53,210 --> 00:49:56,000
world once knew it still shapes Western
885
00:49:56,000 --> 00:49:58,810
policy today
886
00:50:00,150 --> 00:50:03,170
our understanding of law injustice
887
00:50:03,170 --> 00:50:05,490
manifested today in the International
888
00:50:05,490 --> 00:50:08,010
Court of Justice dates back to the
889
00:50:08,010 --> 00:50:11,400
Romans finally and not least it was a
890
00:50:11,400 --> 00:50:14,670
Roman Emperor who elevated Christianity
891
00:50:14,670 --> 00:50:18,120
as the state religion in Rome the
892
00:50:18,120 --> 00:50:20,520
foundations were laid for Christianity
893
00:50:20,520 --> 00:50:23,120
to write the history of the world
894
00:50:23,120 --> 00:50:27,590
after the Roman Empire
895
00:50:29,140 --> 00:50:48,280
[Music]
896
00:50:52,490 --> 00:50:54,240
[Music]
897
00:50:54,240 --> 00:50:54,610
you
898
00:50:54,610 --> 00:50:57,699
[Music]
61666
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