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For over a year,
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Julius Caesar has been chasing
Pompey Magnus across the Mediterranean
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in a civil war that's threatened
to destroy the Roman Republic.
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Now, on a field in Greece,
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Caesar, Mark Antony, and 22,000 soldiers
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face off against Pompey, Brutus,
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and their army of 45,000.
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Everything we've accomplished
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has led us to this moment.
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We've been outnumbered before,
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but it has never stopped us.
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We've fought for glory,
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but today...
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we fight for honor.
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Today,
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we show them who we are.
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Caesar and Pompey are Rome's
two greatest generals.
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And it's really a question as to whether
the old master, Pompey,
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is going to be upstaged
by the young rising star, Caesar.
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First ranks, charge!
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Listen up!
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This is it!
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Charge!
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Caesar's men hold their position.
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Maintain formation!
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But Pompey has a secret weapon...
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a cavalry with 7,000 men.
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Pompey is hoping
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that his magnificent cavalry outdoes
any cavalry that Caesar has.
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He's hoping that the cavalry can
win the day on the battlefield.
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Cavalry.
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Second ranks, to arms!
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00:04:00,907 --> 00:04:04,160
But Caesar is one step ahead
of Pompey.
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Caesar comes up with a really clever
counter to Pompey's cavalry.
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He holds some of his infantry men
in reserve,
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and he pivots them like a swinging door
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in the way of Pompey's cavalry,
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and they break the charge
of Pompey's cavalry.
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00:04:24,514 --> 00:04:25,974
Send the reinforcements!
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Pompey's cavalry
do not recover from this,
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and that's pretty much the end
of Pompey's offensive in this battle.
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And now,
the initiative goes over to Caesar.
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Push forward!
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One of the big advantages that Caesar had
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was leading the same legions
that had just helped him conquer Gaul.
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They were well-trained,
they were well-disciplined.
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These guys were not just battle hardened,
they had been together with each other.
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After just an hour of fighting,
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Pompey retreats.
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Caesar claims victory,
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killing 15,000 of Pompey's men,
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and taking another 20,000 as prisoners.
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After the battle,
Caesar catches the rest of the senators
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and now he has what he wants.
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He has ultimate control of Roman politics.
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Where is he?
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Where is he?
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Where's Pompey?
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We've searched every tent.
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He must have fled.
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00:06:37,897 --> 00:06:40,900
Caesar gave one very clear instruction
to his men,
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and that was that should any of them
see Brutus on the battlefield,
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they were not to kill him.
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00:06:51,035 --> 00:06:54,122
Part of the reason why he was so concerned
for Brutus
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might surely be that he was concerned
for Servilia as well,
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looking out for her interests.
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But another part might be that he was
genuinely concerned for Brutus
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that he wanted Brutus to side with him.
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Caesar has won
the Battle of Pharsalus,
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but he knows he won't have control of Rome
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until Pompey is killed.
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Julius Caesar's victory in Greece
will not be complete
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until he captures his archrival, Pompey.
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As long as he remained alive,
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Pompey, even a hobbled Pompey
without much of an army,
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was a threat.
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00:09:07,922 --> 00:09:10,299
One of his men says
he was headed towards Cyprus.
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00:09:10,383 --> 00:09:11,968
Another claims he's gone to Africa.
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I suggest we split our forces.
We can each take a legion--
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You're not going.
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I need you in Rome.
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For what?
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I need someone there to maintain order.
84
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There are plenty of men more capable.
I can better serve you here.
85
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You're the only one I can trust.
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Take whatever men you need.
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What about Pompey?
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Knowing him, he'll attempt
to raise an army in the east.
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That's where he won his conquests.
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They'll remember him there.
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In Judea?
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Alexandria.
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Alexandria is a port city
a thousand miles east of Rome, in Egypt,
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one of the strongest empires in the world.
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00:10:12,862 --> 00:10:16,240
Egyptian civilization was extremely old.
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It had been there for thousands of years,
back to the pharaohs.
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The Romans were the new kids on the block.
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For centuries,
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this ancient power has been one of Rome's
closest allies.
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00:10:34,425 --> 00:10:41,015
Egypt was one of the richest regions
in the entire Mediterranean world.
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00:10:41,932 --> 00:10:46,187
They had always been shipping money,
grain, and gold to Rome.
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00:11:01,744 --> 00:11:04,288
Pompey has a long history
with Egypt,
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00:11:04,789 --> 00:11:07,375
and hopes to use it to defeat Caesar.
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00:11:08,751 --> 00:11:12,713
A few years previously,
Pompey had loaned
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significant amounts of money
to the Egyptian Crown.
106
00:11:17,301 --> 00:11:21,347
This was why Pompey had fled to Egypt
in the first place.
107
00:11:21,722 --> 00:11:25,226
He knew that the Egyptian throne
still owed him that money,
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00:11:25,309 --> 00:11:28,688
and he planned on using that debt
as leverage
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to get the Egyptians to support him
against Caesar.
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00:11:36,278 --> 00:11:40,408
This massive kingdom is ruled
by a fourteen-year-old boy
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named Ptolemy.
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Ptolemy was a boy king
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who had been left the crown by his father
in his will.
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It was quite usual in Egyptian society
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for a king to come to the throne
at a very early age.
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It's an honor to finally meet you,
Your Highness.
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My name is Pompey Magnus.
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I know who you are.
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What do you want?
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00:12:36,922 --> 00:12:38,549
As I'm sure you are aware,
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Rome is at war with a small,
but well-trained army of rebels.
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00:12:42,762 --> 00:12:46,265
I've come here on behalf of the people
of Rome to ask for your support.
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How can I help?
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00:12:53,731 --> 00:12:54,648
As we speak,
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00:12:55,191 --> 00:12:57,777
I am raising new legions across Africa.
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00:12:59,195 --> 00:13:02,072
But to ensure a swift
and decisive victory,
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00:13:02,990 --> 00:13:06,327
I ask you that you pledge your armies
to fight on the side of Rome.
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00:13:06,410 --> 00:13:08,412
To defeat a small band of rebels?
129
00:13:08,496 --> 00:13:10,164
We could use all the allies we have.
130
00:13:11,207 --> 00:13:13,000
We've drawn the rebels out of Italy,
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and concentrated their forces in an area
where it will be easier for us to attack.
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00:13:19,089 --> 00:13:20,090
I'm impressed.
133
00:13:21,133 --> 00:13:23,385
But my regent tells me
that you've just suffered
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a devastating loss to Caesar in Greece.
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00:13:29,850 --> 00:13:31,143
A minor setback.
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00:13:35,105 --> 00:13:37,316
The Great Pompey Magnus,
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Conqueror of the East,
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Defeater of Spartacus...
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bowing down and begging for help.
140
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I know you're dealing with your own war.
141
00:13:56,043 --> 00:13:58,337
But we cannot let Rome fall.
142
00:13:58,504 --> 00:14:03,717
Once I defeat Caesar with your help,
I will return with my armies.
143
00:14:12,685 --> 00:14:15,521
If Pompey gets the support
of King Ptolemy,
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he'll gain the upper hand against Caesar
145
00:14:20,234 --> 00:14:22,820
and threaten to take down
the Roman Republic.
146
00:14:26,031 --> 00:14:29,285
Egypt was an enormous source of anxiety,
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because Egypt played
a very important role
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in Rome's own food supply.
149
00:14:34,623 --> 00:14:37,376
By choking off the port of Alexandria,
150
00:14:37,459 --> 00:14:39,461
you could pretty much bring Rome
to its knees,
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00:14:39,753 --> 00:14:41,338
so there was a lot of anxiety
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about having Pompey or any person of power
ensconced in Egypt.
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To add to the instability
in Egypt,
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Ptolemy is already in the throes
of his own civil war.
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When Ptolemy's father had died
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he had actually appointed Ptolemy
as co-king
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with his sister and the two of them
had actually married,
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something which was perfectly normal
in Egyptian society.
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00:15:15,831 --> 00:15:20,878
But the two of them had fallen out
and Ptolemy had been left as sole regent.
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And she had gone into hiding.
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Caesar realizes how
unpredictable things are in Egypt.
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And for all he knows,
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he could be heading directly into a trap.
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Your Highness.
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If you're here to ask for my armies...
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you're too late.
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You look disappointed?
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Cover it up.
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00:16:43,752 --> 00:16:44,712
Cover it up!
170
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Ptolemy kills Pompey
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and has his head presented to Caesar
when he arrives in Egypt,
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hoping, I think, that it would somehow
ingratiate himself with Caesar.
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But, in fact, Caesar is horrified.
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He's outraged that the great Roman general
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and indeed someone who had been
a relative of his
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suffers such a undignified fate.
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00:17:10,279 --> 00:17:11,155
Why?
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Since you're no longer at war,
you can help me fight mine.
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00:17:15,868 --> 00:17:17,578
Now, we're allies.
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00:17:19,621 --> 00:17:21,081
I need to get back to Rome.
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00:17:21,665 --> 00:17:22,624
You owe me.
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00:17:26,462 --> 00:17:28,422
Once things get settled in Rome,
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I'll do all I can.
184
00:17:38,390 --> 00:17:40,476
It wasn't a request.
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00:17:41,852 --> 00:17:44,021
Keep him here until he changes his mind.
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00:18:04,500 --> 00:18:08,378
After two years chasing Pompey
across Italy and Greece,
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00:18:08,921 --> 00:18:11,632
Julius Caesar is put under house arrest
188
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as he awaits his fate.
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00:18:17,054 --> 00:18:20,224
Once Caesar found himself in Egypt,
190
00:18:20,307 --> 00:18:26,522
he became ensconced in a situation
of extraordinary civil unrest.
191
00:18:27,022 --> 00:18:31,026
Caesar himself essentially
became a prisoner in the city.
192
00:18:42,704 --> 00:18:44,081
I apologize about all this.
193
00:18:46,166 --> 00:18:47,584
Then let me go.
194
00:18:52,589 --> 00:18:55,342
I suggest you do as the Emperor requests.
195
00:18:56,135 --> 00:18:57,219
Lend him your armies,
196
00:18:57,594 --> 00:19:00,556
help him end this rebellion
against his sister.
197
00:19:00,722 --> 00:19:02,141
Let me talk to both of them.
198
00:19:03,600 --> 00:19:05,936
I'm sure I can resolve this whole thing...
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00:19:06,854 --> 00:19:08,355
without any bloodshed.
200
00:19:10,315 --> 00:19:12,693
King Ptolemy isn't interested
in negotiating.
201
00:19:14,778 --> 00:19:17,281
Is that him talking, or you?
202
00:19:20,534 --> 00:19:24,037
You should make yourself comfortable.
You could be here a while.
203
00:19:30,377 --> 00:19:35,549
Caesar arrives in Egypt and underestimates
what the Egyptian reaction will be.
204
00:19:36,466 --> 00:19:39,303
He finds himself holed up in Alexandria,
205
00:19:39,469 --> 00:19:41,305
unable to do anything.
206
00:19:55,444 --> 00:19:58,739
As Caesar weighs his decision
to support King Ptolemy,
207
00:20:01,325 --> 00:20:05,078
his newly won republic is spiraling
into chaos.
208
00:20:06,246 --> 00:20:09,249
Since Pompey and the senators
evacuated Rome,
209
00:20:10,042 --> 00:20:12,753
the city has been without
a functioning government.
210
00:20:13,337 --> 00:20:16,340
The biggest problem is the lack of food.
211
00:20:19,760 --> 00:20:23,430
The city of Rome by this point had
a population well over a million people.
212
00:20:23,847 --> 00:20:26,058
It required regular grain shipments
213
00:20:26,141 --> 00:20:28,977
from Sicily, from Egypt,
from other parts of the empire.
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00:20:29,728 --> 00:20:31,980
The city simply could not sustain itself.
215
00:20:32,940 --> 00:20:35,943
And with no administrative apparatus,
with nobody in charge,
216
00:20:36,026 --> 00:20:38,320
the city was literally
eating itself alive.
217
00:20:40,364 --> 00:20:43,075
While grain is still being
delivered to the city,
218
00:20:43,909 --> 00:20:46,286
it's no longer making it to the people,
219
00:20:47,371 --> 00:20:49,581
creating a firestorm.
220
00:20:57,256 --> 00:21:01,343
The man charged with maintaining order
is Mark Antony,
221
00:21:02,261 --> 00:21:03,512
a valiant soldier,
222
00:21:04,513 --> 00:21:07,015
but someone with no political ambitions.
223
00:21:08,642 --> 00:21:11,728
Mark Antony did not seem
to have a care in the world.
224
00:21:11,812 --> 00:21:14,356
He liked drinking, he liked gambling,
he liked women.
225
00:21:15,023 --> 00:21:18,110
And the Roman Republic was being run
quite badly.
226
00:21:20,862 --> 00:21:21,697
Sir...
227
00:21:22,614 --> 00:21:23,991
Another riot's broken out.
228
00:21:24,992 --> 00:21:26,451
Shipments are coming.
229
00:21:27,244 --> 00:21:28,453
Tell them to be patient.
230
00:21:29,663 --> 00:21:31,039
We have to do something.
231
00:21:31,999 --> 00:21:32,916
Break it up.
232
00:21:33,834 --> 00:21:35,544
Use force if necessary.
233
00:21:36,545 --> 00:21:37,629
-Sir--
-Do it.
234
00:21:45,470 --> 00:21:49,975
Mark Antony turns out to be a bad choice
to govern Rome in Caesar's absence.
235
00:21:50,809 --> 00:21:53,520
He's not able to deal with popular unrest.
236
00:21:53,979 --> 00:21:56,481
He's forced to resort
to the blunt instrument
237
00:21:56,565 --> 00:21:58,608
of sending troops into the Forum.
238
00:22:03,780 --> 00:22:05,907
Under Mark Antony's command,
239
00:22:06,325 --> 00:22:08,243
over a hundred civilians are killed,
240
00:22:08,952 --> 00:22:11,121
including women and children.
241
00:22:12,164 --> 00:22:17,002
Proving Rome needs a leader like Caesar
now, more than ever.
242
00:22:45,489 --> 00:22:47,574
As Rome slides into turmoil,
243
00:22:48,492 --> 00:22:51,036
Caesar's refusal to support King Ptolemy
244
00:22:51,828 --> 00:22:53,246
is becoming unsafe.
245
00:23:29,449 --> 00:23:31,076
How long till the guards change?
246
00:23:33,995 --> 00:23:34,871
Who are you?
247
00:23:40,710 --> 00:23:41,795
Cleopatra.
248
00:23:46,049 --> 00:23:47,467
You refused to help my brother.
249
00:23:48,176 --> 00:23:49,010
Why?
250
00:23:50,429 --> 00:23:51,471
Why does it matter?
251
00:23:52,931 --> 00:23:53,932
I need to know.
252
00:23:56,852 --> 00:23:58,186
I didn't want to get involved.
253
00:24:03,108 --> 00:24:03,984
And now?
254
00:24:06,403 --> 00:24:07,446
I still don't.
255
00:24:10,365 --> 00:24:11,867
Even if I got you out of here?
256
00:24:16,163 --> 00:24:17,372
If I say no,
257
00:24:18,540 --> 00:24:20,292
I assume your guards will kill me?
258
00:24:20,876 --> 00:24:21,960
Probably.
259
00:24:23,462 --> 00:24:25,464
Then I don't have much of a choice then,
do I?
260
00:24:30,886 --> 00:24:33,180
Cleopatra was an intellectual.
261
00:24:33,263 --> 00:24:35,432
She was ambitious and she was driven.
262
00:24:35,515 --> 00:24:38,101
She desired power above all things,
263
00:24:38,185 --> 00:24:42,731
and through aligning herself with Caesar,
Cleopatra had everything to gain.
264
00:24:47,777 --> 00:24:49,237
By freeing Caesar,
265
00:24:49,696 --> 00:24:52,282
Cleopatra hopes to strengthen her position
266
00:24:53,033 --> 00:24:55,952
in the war against her brother,
King Ptolemy.
267
00:24:57,412 --> 00:24:59,289
Cleopatra has lost out
268
00:24:59,956 --> 00:25:02,667
in the power struggles
in the royal family.
269
00:25:03,251 --> 00:25:07,047
But she finds a way to power,
and that way is called Julius Caesar.
270
00:25:10,926 --> 00:25:12,928
Caesar backs the young queen,
271
00:25:13,678 --> 00:25:16,389
believing it will help him
and the Republic.
272
00:25:19,017 --> 00:25:22,145
There was something
in this relationship for each party.
273
00:25:22,479 --> 00:25:29,152
Caesar became convinced that Cleopatra
was a sure bet for stability in Egypt.
274
00:25:30,362 --> 00:25:34,741
Cleopatra, of course,
saw Caesar and his legionaries
275
00:25:34,824 --> 00:25:37,744
as her only road to power in Egypt.
276
00:25:42,374 --> 00:25:45,669
Caesar sends for reinforcements
in Greece and Italy,
277
00:25:46,461 --> 00:25:49,047
and combined with Cleopatra's own troops
278
00:25:49,631 --> 00:25:52,175
devises a plan to defeat the king.
279
00:26:04,145 --> 00:26:06,022
In 47 B.C.,
280
00:26:06,982 --> 00:26:10,318
Caesar and Cleopatra's army of 20,000 men
281
00:26:11,069 --> 00:26:12,821
lays siege against Ptolemy
282
00:26:13,572 --> 00:26:15,574
in the city of Alexandria.
283
00:26:45,061 --> 00:26:47,063
After several months of fighting,
284
00:26:48,189 --> 00:26:50,817
King Ptolemy's forces are defeated.
285
00:26:52,527 --> 00:26:53,737
While escaping the city,
286
00:26:54,779 --> 00:26:56,781
Ptolemy drowns in the Nile...
287
00:26:59,034 --> 00:27:02,120
and Cleopatra takes full control
of the kingdom.
288
00:27:08,251 --> 00:27:10,545
Caesar can now return to Rome,
289
00:27:11,880 --> 00:27:15,800
but his alliance with Cleopatra
has become more than political.
290
00:27:18,053 --> 00:27:23,725
Cleopatra impresses Caesar with both
her political skills and her beauty.
291
00:27:24,100 --> 00:27:26,436
They quickly become allies and lovers.
292
00:27:27,312 --> 00:27:29,981
She was exactly the kind of woman
who would appeal
293
00:27:30,231 --> 00:27:33,109
to a man as brilliant as Julius Caesar.
294
00:27:54,464 --> 00:27:57,258
While Caesar enjoys his new role in Egypt,
295
00:27:57,759 --> 00:28:01,262
the troubles back home continue
to escalate.
296
00:28:29,332 --> 00:28:31,126
Riots are breaking out in Rome.
297
00:28:32,752 --> 00:28:34,754
Antony's lost control of the situation.
298
00:28:36,381 --> 00:28:37,507
Then replace him.
299
00:28:39,134 --> 00:28:40,218
I have to get back.
300
00:28:41,428 --> 00:28:43,888
To tend to your duties
as a glorified senator?
301
00:28:44,681 --> 00:28:45,807
I'll be consul.
302
00:28:46,349 --> 00:28:47,767
A chairman for the Senate?
303
00:28:51,563 --> 00:28:52,939
If that's what you want, then go.
304
00:28:54,816 --> 00:28:57,485
But if you're looking for real power,
you won't find it in Rome.
305
00:29:01,823 --> 00:29:02,782
Stay with me
306
00:29:03,324 --> 00:29:05,952
and we'll will rule Egypt together
as King and Queen.
307
00:29:08,371 --> 00:29:11,916
Why are you so determined
to keep me out of Rome?
308
00:29:12,083 --> 00:29:13,668
-I'm not.
-I think you are.
309
00:29:14,544 --> 00:29:16,546
And I think you have been this whole time.
310
00:29:16,713 --> 00:29:17,547
Why would I?
311
00:29:19,048 --> 00:29:20,467
To weaken Rome?
312
00:29:21,551 --> 00:29:23,470
Hold onto power? You tell me.
313
00:29:23,553 --> 00:29:25,638
What exactly are you accusing me of?
314
00:29:25,722 --> 00:29:27,223
I know when I'm being used.
315
00:29:28,600 --> 00:29:29,976
So now I'm using you?
316
00:29:30,143 --> 00:29:30,977
Aren't you?
317
00:29:39,861 --> 00:29:42,530
Caesar ultimately
has to return to Rome
318
00:29:42,614 --> 00:29:45,617
because that's where the government is,
that's where the power is.
319
00:29:45,992 --> 00:29:49,078
Caesar has to arrange Roman politics,
320
00:29:50,121 --> 00:29:53,917
but you can't settle Roman politics
without going to Rome.
321
00:30:06,846 --> 00:30:10,558
It's been 12 years since Caesar
was forced out of Rome.
322
00:30:13,353 --> 00:30:15,146
Now, he's heading home
323
00:30:16,523 --> 00:30:19,776
to save the city that's fallen into chaos.
324
00:30:22,153 --> 00:30:25,073
Caesar needs to win back
the people to his side
325
00:30:25,156 --> 00:30:28,368
who may have become disgruntled
after being treated
326
00:30:28,451 --> 00:30:31,037
in such a heavy-handed way
by Mark Antony.
327
00:31:19,586 --> 00:31:20,753
Get out.
328
00:31:33,766 --> 00:31:36,895
I trusted you to maintain order.
329
00:31:37,353 --> 00:31:38,271
And I did.
330
00:31:39,063 --> 00:31:41,566
If you did,
the people wouldn't be protesting.
331
00:31:41,649 --> 00:31:45,403
They're protesting because your war
left them without a Senate.
332
00:31:45,486 --> 00:31:47,405
How could you bring my army into Rome?
333
00:31:47,488 --> 00:31:48,615
People were rioting.
334
00:31:48,698 --> 00:31:51,409
-Because they were hungry.
-You told me to maintain order.
335
00:31:51,492 --> 00:31:53,119
-What was I supposed to do?
-Feed them!
336
00:31:53,202 --> 00:31:54,287
I broke up the riots.
337
00:31:54,370 --> 00:31:57,373
-You killed women and children.
-I did what you told me to do.
338
00:31:57,457 --> 00:31:58,708
I would have helped them!
339
00:32:02,170 --> 00:32:03,880
Then maybe you should have been here.
340
00:32:04,756 --> 00:32:05,590
Not in Egypt.
341
00:32:06,591 --> 00:32:07,425
Here.
342
00:32:09,010 --> 00:32:10,136
I should have been here.
343
00:32:12,513 --> 00:32:14,474
But don't blame me for what you did.
344
00:32:22,774 --> 00:32:24,734
To save Rome from collapsing,
345
00:32:25,944 --> 00:32:28,279
Caesar will have to rebuild
the government.
346
00:32:38,039 --> 00:32:41,918
He calls a meeting with all the senators
who sided with Pompey
347
00:32:43,002 --> 00:32:44,963
to determine their fate.
348
00:33:08,277 --> 00:33:10,697
You had the power to end this war.
349
00:33:13,825 --> 00:33:15,243
And you did nothing.
350
00:33:19,122 --> 00:33:20,873
And that makes you guilty.
351
00:33:23,668 --> 00:33:24,502
All of you.
352
00:33:28,464 --> 00:33:31,175
Roman blood is on your hands.
353
00:33:36,431 --> 00:33:37,807
You stood by...
354
00:33:39,600 --> 00:33:41,352
and let one of your own
355
00:33:42,854 --> 00:33:45,606
become consumed by greed and power.
356
00:33:47,900 --> 00:33:48,735
Why?
357
00:33:50,403 --> 00:33:51,237
Fear?
358
00:33:53,740 --> 00:33:55,366
Fear of retribution?
359
00:33:59,120 --> 00:34:02,415
This Republic cannot function
without a Senate.
360
00:34:05,043 --> 00:34:10,298
And clearly, this Senate cannot function
under fear of retribution.
361
00:34:20,600 --> 00:34:24,687
Let this serve as an example.
362
00:34:28,024 --> 00:34:30,943
There will be no vengeance.
363
00:34:34,947 --> 00:34:36,157
You may take your seats.
364
00:34:42,371 --> 00:34:46,501
Caesar decided, for his part,
to have a program of clemency;
365
00:34:46,709 --> 00:34:48,336
he was going to forgive people
366
00:34:48,419 --> 00:34:50,588
and incorporate them
within his own circle.
367
00:34:51,506 --> 00:34:53,633
In so doing, he could strengthen his hand,
368
00:34:53,841 --> 00:34:57,512
because he could bring to his side
some of the noble Romans,
369
00:34:57,595 --> 00:35:00,515
so it would make his cause
look all the better again.
370
00:35:03,601 --> 00:35:05,353
But Caesar's forgiveness
371
00:35:05,770 --> 00:35:07,814
doesn't come without a price.
372
00:35:10,108 --> 00:35:11,943
For more than four centuries,
373
00:35:12,693 --> 00:35:15,488
the Senate has guided Rome
through times of prosperity,
374
00:35:16,114 --> 00:35:17,532
and times of struggle.
375
00:35:18,324 --> 00:35:20,034
Now is a time to rebuild.
376
00:35:20,993 --> 00:35:23,121
We can earn back the trust of the people,
377
00:35:23,204 --> 00:35:25,706
but it will take time,
and it will take effort.
378
00:35:26,874 --> 00:35:29,961
It is with Rome's interests in mind
that I hereby...
379
00:35:31,379 --> 00:35:33,506
nominate Julius Caesar...
380
00:35:34,549 --> 00:35:36,801
to serve as dictator
381
00:35:37,802 --> 00:35:39,846
for the next ten years...
382
00:35:42,557 --> 00:35:45,226
to help guide us back to a path of honor,
383
00:35:46,227 --> 00:35:49,897
and lead Rome to the great future
it deserves.
384
00:35:57,029 --> 00:35:59,240
I graciously accept this honor,
385
00:36:00,950 --> 00:36:03,953
and the enormous responsibility
that comes with it...
386
00:36:06,247 --> 00:36:08,249
should the nomination be confirmed.
387
00:36:11,127 --> 00:36:12,336
All those in favor?
388
00:36:20,178 --> 00:36:24,640
Caesar resurrects an office
that had really fallen into disuse,
389
00:36:24,724 --> 00:36:26,392
which is the dictatorship.
390
00:36:28,811 --> 00:36:31,856
This is one man,
for a limited amount of time,
391
00:36:32,023 --> 00:36:34,400
holds absolute sole authority.
392
00:36:36,944 --> 00:36:39,322
The dictator was--
Started off life
393
00:36:39,405 --> 00:36:42,408
as an emergency office only to be held
for six months.
394
00:36:44,202 --> 00:36:48,080
It was almost a primeval feature
of the Roman republican constitution.
395
00:36:48,581 --> 00:36:51,125
Caesar held this office,
not for a military emergency,
396
00:36:51,209 --> 00:36:53,085
but for reconstituting the Roman state.
397
00:36:55,129 --> 00:36:57,256
To put it back together in such a way
398
00:36:57,340 --> 00:37:01,344
that he would have
an unassailable position at the very top,
399
00:37:01,427 --> 00:37:02,845
and this was extremely un-Roman.
400
00:37:05,723 --> 00:37:09,477
It was a real slap in the face
not just to the Senate,
401
00:37:09,560 --> 00:37:12,063
but to the entire idea of the Republic.
402
00:37:17,109 --> 00:37:18,569
The vote is unanimous.
403
00:37:21,530 --> 00:37:24,700
By appointing himself dictator
for ten years,
404
00:37:25,409 --> 00:37:28,162
Caesar ignores the rules
of the constitution,
405
00:37:29,205 --> 00:37:31,707
allowing him more time
to fix the Republic.
406
00:37:39,006 --> 00:37:41,550
Caesar had a keen sense
407
00:37:41,634 --> 00:37:45,471
of what was working in the Republic,
and what was not working.
408
00:37:46,138 --> 00:37:49,767
Economic inequality.
The Senate was filled with corruption.
409
00:37:49,976 --> 00:37:52,436
The calendar had completely fallen
out of whack,
410
00:37:52,520 --> 00:37:56,941
their ability to keep time had even
fallen into a deplorable state.
411
00:37:58,276 --> 00:38:01,654
Caesar, he could see all of it,
he could see what needed to be done.
412
00:38:01,737 --> 00:38:03,781
Him assuming dictatorial power
413
00:38:03,948 --> 00:38:06,575
allowed him to make reforms
414
00:38:06,659 --> 00:38:09,912
that had not been able
to be carried forth.
415
00:38:12,748 --> 00:38:16,419
Caesar's first order
of business is to feed a population
416
00:38:16,544 --> 00:38:18,421
that's on the brink of starvation.
417
00:38:19,588 --> 00:38:24,385
So he creates a new distribution system
that delivers grain to the people.
418
00:38:25,761 --> 00:38:27,972
And he puts on a series of games,
419
00:38:28,514 --> 00:38:31,100
where gladiators fight to the death.
420
00:38:32,476 --> 00:38:35,146
The gladiatorial games
that Caesar celebrated
421
00:38:35,229 --> 00:38:39,900
was on a massive scale that the Romans had
only seen a couple of times previously.
422
00:38:39,984 --> 00:38:42,278
But it was really Julius Caesar himself
423
00:38:42,570 --> 00:38:46,115
who had perfected the use
of gladiator contests
424
00:38:46,198 --> 00:38:49,285
as a way of mobilizing popular opinion.
425
00:38:51,287 --> 00:38:54,040
These reforms bring stability
back to Rome
426
00:38:54,957 --> 00:38:57,626
and earn Caesar the love of the people,
427
00:38:58,544 --> 00:39:01,380
something he's desired his entire career.
428
00:39:04,967 --> 00:39:07,720
Cesar wanted the support
of the Roman people.
429
00:39:07,887 --> 00:39:10,931
He wanted to be seen
as a legitimate ruler.
430
00:39:11,307 --> 00:39:15,227
He didn't want to be seen
as a simple military tyrant.
431
00:39:19,148 --> 00:39:21,817
While Caesar puts himself
above the Senate,
432
00:39:23,402 --> 00:39:26,072
he still needs them to execute his orders.
433
00:39:29,033 --> 00:39:34,955
So he invites many of the younger nobles,
like Brutus, to help draft his policies.
434
00:39:36,374 --> 00:39:39,919
Caesar is particularly eager
to bring Brutus to his side.
435
00:39:40,294 --> 00:39:43,839
For one thing, of course,
Brutus is the son of Caesar's
436
00:39:44,006 --> 00:39:46,592
longtime mistress, Servilia.
437
00:39:47,343 --> 00:39:52,098
But the other thing is that Brutus
in some sense is Mr. Rome.
438
00:39:52,556 --> 00:39:55,643
Brutus, as the man who has the ancestry
439
00:39:55,726 --> 00:39:59,063
and a man who is universally respected
by the Roman people,
440
00:39:59,146 --> 00:40:02,983
having Brutus on your side
is a very valuable card to play,
441
00:40:03,192 --> 00:40:04,985
and Caesar wants to play it to the full.
442
00:40:06,904 --> 00:40:09,990
The Republic's changing.
We need to change with it.
443
00:40:11,200 --> 00:40:12,827
That's something Pompey never accepted.
444
00:40:15,162 --> 00:40:18,332
And yet you sided with him and not me.
445
00:40:19,250 --> 00:40:20,251
Why?
446
00:40:23,671 --> 00:40:25,005
He had a larger army.
447
00:40:25,923 --> 00:40:27,299
More experience.
448
00:40:27,675 --> 00:40:28,884
The support of the Senate.
449
00:40:30,594 --> 00:40:32,012
And I didn't think you could win.
450
00:40:38,394 --> 00:40:41,480
Honesty is very hard to come by.
451
00:40:43,315 --> 00:40:44,483
Especially in the Senate.
452
00:40:48,571 --> 00:40:51,824
There are very few who understand
what needs to be done,
453
00:40:51,907 --> 00:40:54,160
and even fewer who I trust.
454
00:40:58,706 --> 00:41:00,124
I want you...
455
00:41:01,167 --> 00:41:04,295
to oversee affairs here and in Gaul,
456
00:41:05,880 --> 00:41:09,592
make sure the local magistrates
are implementing the new laws.
457
00:41:11,051 --> 00:41:13,179
And of course you'll need some authority,
458
00:41:14,555 --> 00:41:16,724
so I'll be appointing you governor.
459
00:41:18,642 --> 00:41:19,560
That's quite an honor.
460
00:41:20,644 --> 00:41:21,687
Then it's settled.
461
00:41:22,146 --> 00:41:24,899
It's just I don't think I'm eligible.
I haven't held high enough office.
462
00:41:24,982 --> 00:41:26,984
I'll make sure the Senate approves
your appointment.
463
00:41:34,992 --> 00:41:38,662
Caesar had given Brutus
some preferential treatment.
464
00:41:38,746 --> 00:41:41,373
No doubt regard for Servilia,
his mistress--
465
00:41:41,957 --> 00:41:44,084
Even though their affair
seems to have ended,
466
00:41:44,376 --> 00:41:47,004
they still had a strong friendship
which lasted a long time.
467
00:42:02,061 --> 00:42:03,187
You look well.
468
00:42:13,447 --> 00:42:15,366
Aren't you going to offer me any wine?
469
00:42:15,950 --> 00:42:17,117
Yes, of course.
470
00:42:25,125 --> 00:42:26,502
How was Egypt?
471
00:42:28,462 --> 00:42:29,380
Memorable?
472
00:42:31,465 --> 00:42:33,551
I'm sure the pyramids were breathtaking.
473
00:42:48,941 --> 00:42:50,025
It's good to see you.
474
00:42:52,069 --> 00:42:53,862
I just wanted to say thank you.
475
00:42:55,489 --> 00:42:56,323
For what?
476
00:42:57,366 --> 00:42:59,368
Sparing Brutus's life.
477
00:43:09,378 --> 00:43:10,754
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