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Would you like to inspect the original subtitles? These are the user uploaded subtitles that are being translated: 1 00:00:03,536 --> 00:00:04,636 CHARLIE: Hey guys, Charlie here. 2 00:00:04,704 --> 00:00:06,074 CHARLIE: You know my sister Kirby. 3 00:00:06,139 --> 00:00:07,139 KIRBY: Hey, guys! 4 00:00:07,207 --> 00:00:08,267 CHARLIE: Today we are hanging out... 5 00:00:08,341 --> 00:00:10,541 ...underwater in Hawaii, 6 00:00:10,610 --> 00:00:12,710 checking out some coral reefs. 7 00:00:12,779 --> 00:00:16,219 KIRBY: Coral might feel like rocks and look like plants, 8 00:00:16,282 --> 00:00:18,392 but they're actually animals! 9 00:00:18,451 --> 00:00:21,291 CHARLIE: It's time for Weird But True! 10 00:00:22,522 --> 00:00:28,632 (theme music plays) 11 00:00:41,674 --> 00:00:44,484 CHARLIE: So we just like dump the food right? Like one big dump? 12 00:00:44,544 --> 00:00:46,984 KIRBY: I'm pretty sure it's more like a pinch and a toss, 13 00:00:47,047 --> 00:00:49,547 like sprinkles on a cupcake, you know? 14 00:00:49,883 --> 00:00:51,223 CHARLIE: Yeah. Hey guys! 15 00:00:51,284 --> 00:00:52,994 You're not gonna believe what showed up today. 16 00:00:53,820 --> 00:00:55,890 KIRBY: What the heck is this? 17 00:00:55,955 --> 00:00:58,425 CASEY: Guys! I am so glad you're here. 18 00:00:58,491 --> 00:01:00,131 I have a super busy day today. 19 00:01:00,193 --> 00:01:03,533 I have clarinet lessons, and tutoring sessions and I'm in a bit of a jam. 20 00:01:03,797 --> 00:01:06,697 CASEY: Patrick just left for summer camp today and put me in charge of this, 21 00:01:06,766 --> 00:01:09,836 his coral reef aquarium, because, you know, I work at the aquarium. 22 00:01:10,270 --> 00:01:12,710 CHARLIE: Wait, don't you volunteer at the aquarium? 23 00:01:12,772 --> 00:01:14,412 KIRBY: In the gift shop? 24 00:01:14,474 --> 00:01:18,084 CASEY: I've just got a million things going on today and I was thinking that it 25 00:01:18,144 --> 00:01:20,584 would be the perfect project for you guys. 26 00:01:20,647 --> 00:01:22,547 CHARLIE: I mean, we were gonna spend the day. 27 00:01:22,615 --> 00:01:24,045 CASEY: Perfect! You know, I gotta run. 28 00:01:24,117 --> 00:01:26,117 I really gotta go, so um thank you! Bye! 29 00:01:29,689 --> 00:01:31,259 CHARLIE: Two fish tanks! 30 00:01:31,324 --> 00:01:32,994 KIRBY: Pat loves these fish. 31 00:01:33,626 --> 00:01:36,156 CHARLIE: And I guess that's where he grows his aquatic plants? 32 00:01:36,229 --> 00:01:37,629 KIRBY: It all looks kind of complicated. 33 00:01:37,697 --> 00:01:40,397 CHARLIE: Yeah, I'm not even really sure what coral is. 34 00:01:40,467 --> 00:01:44,197 KIRBY: Me neither, but we gotta figure out how to keep this all alive. 35 00:01:44,270 --> 00:01:47,040 CHARLIE: I guess that means today, we're unraveling the world of... 36 00:01:50,009 --> 00:01:51,509 BOTH: Coral reefs! 37 00:01:53,480 --> 00:01:55,880 CHARLIE: I mean, how hard can this really be? 38 00:01:55,949 --> 00:01:57,719 KIRBY: You just like throw the food in. 39 00:01:57,784 --> 00:02:00,494 CHARLIE: Yeah. The fish swim around, and the coral just looks pretty. 40 00:02:00,553 --> 00:02:02,323 KIRBY: Pat left a note, let's check it out. 41 00:02:02,388 --> 00:02:04,288 PATRICK: Casey, important! 42 00:02:04,357 --> 00:02:09,057 Splish, Splash, Flip, Flop, and Colonel Archibald Billingsworth 43 00:02:09,129 --> 00:02:11,359 are all friendly. But! 44 00:02:11,431 --> 00:02:14,271 Feed Rainbow and Dr. Sparkles separately! 45 00:02:14,334 --> 00:02:17,304 They are the damselfish, just like at the aquarium. 46 00:02:17,370 --> 00:02:19,710 With love, Patrick. 47 00:02:20,607 --> 00:02:22,777 KIRBY: What's a damselfish? 48 00:02:22,842 --> 00:02:25,182 CHARLIE: I have absolutely no idea. 49 00:02:25,245 --> 00:02:26,545 KIRBY: Me neither. 50 00:02:26,613 --> 00:02:28,053 CHARLIE: To the books! 51 00:02:29,349 --> 00:02:32,989 CHARLIE: So this says you can identify fish based on the different 52 00:02:33,052 --> 00:02:35,122 shapes of their bodies. 53 00:02:35,188 --> 00:02:36,918 KIRBY: Like the fins or the tail. 54 00:02:36,990 --> 00:02:37,960 CHARLIE: Exactly. 55 00:02:38,024 --> 00:02:40,934 KIRBY: Oh my gosh, this is just like that show! 56 00:02:40,994 --> 00:02:44,734 CHARLIE: The one where they help people identify antiques from their attics? 57 00:02:44,797 --> 00:02:46,627 KIRBY: Yeah! CHARLIE: I love that show! 58 00:02:46,699 --> 00:02:48,699 Let's see what kind of fish we got in our tank. 59 00:02:50,103 --> 00:02:53,773 CHARLIE: So what can you tell me about these pieces that you've brought in today? 60 00:02:53,840 --> 00:02:57,940 KIRBY: Well it's a series of three paintings all of fish 61 00:02:58,011 --> 00:03:01,981 from my grandson Patrick's fish tank. 62 00:03:02,682 --> 00:03:05,052 CHARLIE: Well, I was very excited when you brought these to my table. 63 00:03:05,118 --> 00:03:09,118 The best way to approach pieces like this, when you're trying to identify the fish, 64 00:03:09,189 --> 00:03:11,519 is by looking at different shapes. 65 00:03:11,958 --> 00:03:14,758 CHARLIE: So if we start at the front here you have a wonderful example 66 00:03:14,827 --> 00:03:16,697 of a terminal mouth. 67 00:03:18,198 --> 00:03:24,338 It's paired with a long continuous dorsal fin, and a tail that is 68 00:03:24,404 --> 00:03:27,014 very slightly forked. 69 00:03:28,808 --> 00:03:32,808 CHARLIE: Now, I talked with my colleagues and we believe that this is a great 70 00:03:32,879 --> 00:03:34,509 example of the damselfish. 71 00:03:35,315 --> 00:03:36,715 Let's take a look at the next one. 72 00:03:37,951 --> 00:03:40,221 CHARLIE: This is an iconic design. 73 00:03:40,286 --> 00:03:46,526 You have a very long snout, it's paired with a spiked dorsal fin 74 00:03:48,595 --> 00:03:51,695 and a tail that is much more truncated. 75 00:03:54,000 --> 00:03:58,710 CHARLIE: I'm fairly confident in saying that this is a longnose butterflyfish. 76 00:03:59,105 --> 00:04:00,935 KIRBY: Ooo! How special. 77 00:04:01,674 --> 00:04:04,744 CHARLIE: But the next one is the one that got us very excited. 78 00:04:05,078 --> 00:04:07,148 Here we have some whiskers. 79 00:04:07,213 --> 00:04:09,023 These are called barbels. 80 00:04:09,849 --> 00:04:13,519 CHARLIE: They're paired with two separate dorsal fins, 81 00:04:13,586 --> 00:04:16,956 and a tail that is much more forked than the others. 82 00:04:18,891 --> 00:04:21,091 CHARLIE: We don't see a lot of these coming in. 83 00:04:21,160 --> 00:04:23,430 This is a fine example of a goatfish. 84 00:04:24,197 --> 00:04:27,827 And, I'm pleased to tell you that at auction this collection of three paintings 85 00:04:27,900 --> 00:04:30,200 would get around, a bagillion dollars. 86 00:04:30,270 --> 00:04:33,070 KIRBY: A bagillion dollars! For these fish? 87 00:04:33,139 --> 00:04:36,279 Oh I must tell Patrick! Oh I'm so excited! 88 00:04:38,611 --> 00:04:43,281 CHARLIE: I guess the orange one and the rainbowy one are goatfish and then the yellow 89 00:04:43,349 --> 00:04:46,919 one and the tiger stripey one, probably the butterflyfish. 90 00:04:47,320 --> 00:04:50,860 So that means these two blue guys are the damselfish. 91 00:04:51,157 --> 00:04:55,227 KIRBY: So, we just have to feed them on opposite sides of the tank. 92 00:04:55,595 --> 00:04:58,025 Come here guys, separate. 93 00:04:58,097 --> 00:04:59,267 Come this way. 94 00:04:59,332 --> 00:05:01,402 I'll give you some food. 95 00:05:01,467 --> 00:05:02,897 Amazing. 96 00:05:02,969 --> 00:05:05,139 KIRBY: And sprinkle, sprinkle, sprinkle. 97 00:05:05,872 --> 00:05:07,612 Sprinkle, sprinkle, sprinkle. 98 00:05:07,907 --> 00:05:10,077 Boom! We're crushing this fish thing. 99 00:05:10,143 --> 00:05:14,513 We just feed them, they have a good time and the coral just kind of like chills. 100 00:05:14,814 --> 00:05:18,894 CHARLIE: And shoot giant tentacles that strangle the other coral? 101 00:05:19,185 --> 00:05:20,785 KIRBY: What? CHARLIE: What the heck? 102 00:05:20,853 --> 00:05:22,163 Look at this thing Kirb! 103 00:05:22,221 --> 00:05:23,791 KIRBY: We need more books! 104 00:05:25,525 --> 00:05:28,325 CHARLIE: So there's nothing about coral in the plant book. 105 00:05:28,594 --> 00:05:31,064 KIRBY: Yeah, nothing in geology either. 106 00:05:31,130 --> 00:05:33,200 CHARLIE: Hmm, it's right here. 107 00:05:33,266 --> 00:05:37,066 KIRBY: What? CHARLIE: Yeah, check it out. Apparently coral is an animal. 108 00:05:38,805 --> 00:05:41,905 CHARLIE (off-screen): What we think of as coral is a structure made up of 109 00:05:41,974 --> 00:05:43,914 thousands of tiny animals. 110 00:05:44,744 --> 00:05:47,154 Some can be no bigger than a pinhead. 111 00:05:47,647 --> 00:05:49,717 They're animals related to jellyfish. 112 00:05:49,782 --> 00:05:51,882 KIRBY: They're animals, related to jellyfish? 113 00:05:51,951 --> 00:05:54,421 What are you talking about, let me see that. 114 00:05:55,321 --> 00:05:58,891 KIRBY (off-screen): One individual coral polyp is made of an exoskeleton, 115 00:05:58,958 --> 00:06:01,128 a big giant stomach, and tentacles. 116 00:06:02,495 --> 00:06:05,495 KIRBY (off-screen): All of the individual coral polyps can 117 00:06:05,565 --> 00:06:07,595 be linked together by a coenosarc. 118 00:06:07,667 --> 00:06:09,367 Cool science word! Coenosarc. 119 00:06:09,869 --> 00:06:12,739 It's like a pipeline system that lets them share nutrients. 120 00:06:12,805 --> 00:06:14,705 KIRBY: That's so weird. 121 00:06:14,774 --> 00:06:16,444 CHARLIE: What else does it say? 122 00:06:16,509 --> 00:06:20,209 CHARLIE (off-screen): Microscopic algae live within coral polyps, 123 00:06:20,646 --> 00:06:23,076 providing them with food, and giving them their color. 124 00:06:23,449 --> 00:06:25,549 KIRBY: Let me read the next part. 125 00:06:25,618 --> 00:06:29,058 KIRBY (off-screen): Coral also use their tentacles to sting plankton 126 00:06:29,122 --> 00:06:31,062 and bring them to their mouths. 127 00:06:31,124 --> 00:06:33,694 CHARLIE (off-screen): Some have extra-long tentacles, called sweeper tentacles, 128 00:06:33,760 --> 00:06:37,130 they use to sting neighboring corals that might be getting too close. 129 00:06:38,231 --> 00:06:40,831 CHARLIE: So, those are sweeper tentacles in the tank! 130 00:06:40,900 --> 00:06:43,600 That coral is attacking other corals! 131 00:06:46,172 --> 00:06:48,672 KIRBY: Not today coral. 132 00:06:50,643 --> 00:06:52,553 CHARLIE: Hmm, come on, guy, you got it. 133 00:06:52,612 --> 00:06:54,652 There we go. 134 00:06:55,548 --> 00:06:57,178 Hmm. Ah. 135 00:06:57,683 --> 00:06:59,423 KIRBY: Now it can't reach the other ones. 136 00:06:59,485 --> 00:07:00,585 Problem solved. 137 00:07:00,653 --> 00:07:01,993 CHARLIE: What do you think? We should take a break? 138 00:07:02,054 --> 00:07:03,924 How about we record an episode of "Crafternoons"? 139 00:07:03,990 --> 00:07:05,830 KIRBY: You know I'm down. CHARLIE: Let's do it. 140 00:07:07,794 --> 00:07:12,534 CHARLIE: And that completes our list of the 100 differences 141 00:07:12,598 --> 00:07:16,768 between goldenrod and dandelion. 142 00:07:17,737 --> 00:07:18,807 KIRBY: Next up. 143 00:07:18,871 --> 00:07:22,841 Moving on to the pros and cons of cerulean. 144 00:07:23,242 --> 00:07:25,082 CASEY: What happened? 145 00:07:27,346 --> 00:07:28,476 CHARLIE: What's going on? 146 00:07:28,548 --> 00:07:29,948 CASEY: It's green! 147 00:07:30,016 --> 00:07:31,846 KIRBY: What's all this junk on the walls? 148 00:07:31,918 --> 00:07:33,518 CHARLIE: Uhh. This doesn't look good. 149 00:07:33,586 --> 00:07:36,116 CASEY: What was Patrick thinking leaving us in charge of these things? 150 00:07:36,189 --> 00:07:39,629 I'm running late for a meeting at the soup kitchen, and I don't have time to fix 151 00:07:39,692 --> 00:07:40,732 any of this right now. 152 00:07:40,793 --> 00:07:42,233 KIRBY: Maybe say you're too busy? 153 00:07:42,295 --> 00:07:44,725 CASEY: No, no. It's not too much, it's never too much I can do this right? 154 00:07:44,797 --> 00:07:45,997 CHARLIE: Case! Relax. We got this. 155 00:07:46,065 --> 00:07:47,295 Alright, here's the game plan. 156 00:07:47,366 --> 00:07:48,666 You stay down here and watch the fish. 157 00:07:48,734 --> 00:07:50,544 Video chat into your soup kitchen meeting. 158 00:07:50,603 --> 00:07:52,003 KIRBY: We'll figure this out. 159 00:07:52,071 --> 00:07:53,871 CASEY: Okay, but hurry, please. 160 00:07:54,173 --> 00:07:55,843 CHARLIE: Uh where are we gonna go? 161 00:07:55,908 --> 00:07:59,408 KIRBY: I know this guy, Dr. Alan Friedlander. 162 00:07:59,479 --> 00:08:01,709 He's a National Geographic scientist. 163 00:08:01,781 --> 00:08:05,281 And him and his team are cleaning up and saving coral reefs, 164 00:08:05,351 --> 00:08:07,551 just like Pat's, but in the ocean. 165 00:08:07,620 --> 00:08:08,690 CHARLIE: Oh my gosh! That's perfect! 166 00:08:08,754 --> 00:08:10,194 They can definitely help us out. 167 00:08:10,256 --> 00:08:11,486 We'll see you guys there. 168 00:08:11,557 --> 00:08:13,627 KIRBY: Ok. CHARLIE: Let's, let's find a plane. 169 00:08:13,693 --> 00:08:17,333 CHARLIE (off-screen): And just like that, we're headed to the middle of the Pacific Ocean 170 00:08:17,396 --> 00:08:19,926 to dive the coral reefs around Honolulu, Hawaii. 171 00:08:20,299 --> 00:08:23,399 Honolulu is famous for hula dancing and surfing. 172 00:08:24,337 --> 00:08:28,667 KIRBY (off-screen): Weird but true, some fish can change from male to female. 173 00:08:35,748 --> 00:08:39,088 CHARLIE: Hey guys, we just made it here outside Honolulu in Hawaii. 174 00:08:39,151 --> 00:08:41,321 KIRBY: And we're here at the Anuenue Fish Research Center. 175 00:08:41,387 --> 00:08:44,087 CHARLIE: To meet Brian from the Department of Aquatic Resources. 176 00:08:44,156 --> 00:08:46,826 They take care of the entire coastline here in Hawaii. 177 00:08:46,893 --> 00:08:49,863 And also Alan from the Pristine Seas Project. 178 00:08:49,929 --> 00:08:53,199 He's traveled the entire world saving the oceans. 179 00:08:53,266 --> 00:08:55,196 KIRBY: So if anyone can help us it's these guys. 180 00:08:55,268 --> 00:08:56,338 Let's go. 181 00:08:56,602 --> 00:09:00,412 ALAN: Weird but true, parrotfish eat coral and a single parrotfish creates 182 00:09:00,473 --> 00:09:03,113 about 500 pounds of sand a year that it poops out. 183 00:09:03,409 --> 00:09:08,749 CHARLIE: Here's the situation, back home we're helping our sister watch our friend's tank 184 00:09:08,814 --> 00:09:11,454 and it's really not going well. 185 00:09:12,051 --> 00:09:16,421 Algae is building up on the sides of the walls and we have no idea how to fix it. 186 00:09:16,489 --> 00:09:18,119 CHARLIE: Do you guys think you can help us out? 187 00:09:18,190 --> 00:09:22,030 ALAN: Your problem you just described is a problem that's going on in the whole world. 188 00:09:22,094 --> 00:09:24,234 The oceans in general are not doing well. 189 00:09:24,564 --> 00:09:28,304 The project with National Geographic Pristine Seas that we have is we're trying to 190 00:09:28,367 --> 00:09:32,537 seek out the last wild places in the ocean, places that really haven't been impacted 191 00:09:32,605 --> 00:09:34,105 by people yet. 192 00:09:34,173 --> 00:09:37,413 ALAN: And this gives us an idea of what natural systems look like. 193 00:09:38,144 --> 00:09:40,714 CHARLIE (off-screen): Alan's sharing lessons they've learned from healthy 194 00:09:40,780 --> 00:09:43,720 reefs to help Brian fix a big algae problem. 195 00:09:44,183 --> 00:09:49,463 Algae are aquatic organisms that range in size from microscopic to large seaweeds. 196 00:09:50,156 --> 00:09:54,386 BRIAN: Kind of like your fish tank, invasive seaweed is really bad for our reefs. 197 00:09:54,460 --> 00:09:55,830 CHARLIE: Why is it such a bad thing? 198 00:09:55,895 --> 00:09:57,855 BRIAN: Since it's not naturally from here, it doesn't have 199 00:09:57,930 --> 00:09:59,600 its natural predators. 200 00:09:59,665 --> 00:10:02,295 BRIAN: And so it just soon became out of control. 201 00:10:02,368 --> 00:10:04,868 ALAN: The problem with invasive species are that the naturally occurring 202 00:10:04,937 --> 00:10:08,667 things in the ecosystem don't recognize them, so they just kind of explode 203 00:10:08,741 --> 00:10:11,111 and take advantage of the situation. 204 00:10:11,177 --> 00:10:12,777 CHARLIE: So this algae is an invasive species? 205 00:10:12,845 --> 00:10:14,075 ALAN: It certainly is. 206 00:10:14,146 --> 00:10:15,976 CHARLIE: We know all about invasive species. 207 00:10:17,183 --> 00:10:21,393 CHARLIE (off-screen): Invasive species are perfectly fine in their native habitats, 208 00:10:21,454 --> 00:10:24,564 where they have predators and competition to keep them in check. 209 00:10:24,857 --> 00:10:27,357 But when they're moved to new locations, they might have no 210 00:10:27,426 --> 00:10:29,226 predators and competition. 211 00:10:29,495 --> 00:10:32,965 So, they take over which can be very harmful to that new ecosystem. 212 00:10:34,200 --> 00:10:36,270 CHARLIE (off-screen): And that's what happened in Kane'ohe Bay, 213 00:10:36,335 --> 00:10:38,035 with non-native algae. 214 00:10:38,537 --> 00:10:40,767 CHARLIE: What a beautiful bay. 215 00:10:41,040 --> 00:10:43,010 Ooh! The sun! 216 00:10:43,075 --> 00:10:44,535 We should farm here. 217 00:10:44,610 --> 00:10:45,780 KIRBY: What should we farm? 218 00:10:45,845 --> 00:10:50,645 CHARLIE: This stuff, algae from the Philippines, they put it in everything. 219 00:10:50,716 --> 00:10:53,386 KIRBY: We'll make millions. CHARLIE: What could go wrong? 220 00:10:55,621 --> 00:10:59,831 CHARLIE: This just in, the algae market is down, it escaped its underwater pens, 221 00:10:59,892 --> 00:11:03,402 and is slowly taking over the coral reefs in Kane'ohe Bay! 222 00:11:05,598 --> 00:11:07,628 CHARLIE (off-screen): We're heading out to the reef to see what the 223 00:11:07,700 --> 00:11:09,670 invasive seaweed has done to the coral. 224 00:11:10,970 --> 00:11:12,710 ALAN: This is Kane'ohe Bay. 225 00:11:12,772 --> 00:11:14,742 And this reef's pretty degraded. 226 00:11:14,807 --> 00:11:18,837 There's a lot of algae that's invaded and kind of smothered the coral, 227 00:11:18,911 --> 00:11:22,581 the corals die, and it's just an unhealthy, out-of-balance ecosystem. 228 00:11:22,848 --> 00:11:24,618 CHARLIE: Ready to hop in? ALAN: Let's do it, guys. 229 00:11:33,693 --> 00:11:39,933 ♪ ♪ 230 00:11:42,401 --> 00:11:44,241 CHARLIE: This is the invasive stuff. 231 00:11:44,303 --> 00:11:45,913 CHARLIE: That's choking out... 232 00:11:46,939 --> 00:11:48,309 ...this reef. 233 00:11:49,241 --> 00:11:52,141 CHARLIE: Under all this coral it's just... 234 00:11:53,045 --> 00:11:55,005 ...layers and layers of this algae... 235 00:11:55,081 --> 00:11:57,581 ...just weaving itself through. 236 00:11:57,650 --> 00:12:00,750 KIRBY: All this algae is suffocating the coral. 237 00:12:01,387 --> 00:12:04,117 KIRBY: There aren't too many fish over here either. 238 00:12:04,790 --> 00:12:06,560 KIRBY: Fish are losing houses. 239 00:12:07,560 --> 00:12:09,200 KIRBY: This stuff is bad news. 240 00:12:16,235 --> 00:12:17,865 ALAN: How'd it go, guys? CHARLIE: It was a good dive. 241 00:12:17,937 --> 00:12:19,837 It was rough to see all that algae down there though. 242 00:12:19,905 --> 00:12:21,705 ALAN: Yeah. KIRBY: For sure. ALAN: Pesky stuff huh? 243 00:12:21,774 --> 00:12:22,884 CHARLIE: Yeah. KIRBY: Yeah. 244 00:12:22,942 --> 00:12:24,642 ALAN: It just gets to all the cracks and crevices. KIRBY: Yeah. 245 00:12:24,710 --> 00:12:26,010 CHARLIE: And that's the hard thing. 246 00:12:26,078 --> 00:12:27,348 It really cements itself down there. 247 00:12:27,413 --> 00:12:28,553 ALAN: Yeah. 248 00:12:28,614 --> 00:12:30,784 And it ruins the habitat for all the rest of the critters that are trying to live in 249 00:12:30,850 --> 00:12:32,450 there, cause it just takes over everything. 250 00:12:32,518 --> 00:12:33,848 KIRBY: That's crazy. 251 00:12:34,153 --> 00:12:36,993 CHARLIE (off-screen): As bad as the coral looks here, on another part of the reef, 252 00:12:37,056 --> 00:12:40,586 they've come up with a really cool solution that they're anxious to show us. 253 00:12:41,160 --> 00:12:42,700 BRIAN: To try to get rid of this stuff. 254 00:12:42,762 --> 00:12:48,372 We went in with an underwater vacuum system and hand removed the algae and 255 00:12:48,434 --> 00:12:53,714 then to keep it from growing back afterwards we put sea urchins out on the reef. 256 00:12:54,340 --> 00:12:57,810 KIRBY (off-screen): It turns out that sea urchins love to eat lots of seaweed. 257 00:12:57,877 --> 00:12:59,947 They say it's just like goats eating grass. 258 00:13:00,012 --> 00:13:03,952 And the really good news is that these sea urchins are native to these 259 00:13:04,016 --> 00:13:05,716 Hawaiian coral reefs. 260 00:13:07,286 --> 00:13:10,356 CHARLIE: So is this like a cleaned reef after you guys have been able to get 261 00:13:10,422 --> 00:13:11,622 in and do your work? 262 00:13:11,690 --> 00:13:14,590 BRIAN: Yeah, urchins have been at work here for about two years now. 263 00:13:14,660 --> 00:13:18,630 It'll stay nice and healthy as long as those urchins are out there eating it 264 00:13:18,697 --> 00:13:20,427 and keeping the seaweed at bay. 265 00:13:20,499 --> 00:13:21,999 CHARLIE: Nice, I'm ready to go. KIRBY: I'm ready to go. 266 00:13:22,067 --> 00:13:23,237 ALAN: Alright, let's do it guys. 267 00:13:23,302 --> 00:13:25,402 CHARLIE: You guys ready to dive in? Let's go underwater. 268 00:13:31,377 --> 00:13:33,747 KIRBY: So this is a healthy reef. 269 00:13:34,580 --> 00:13:37,180 KIRBY: It's filled with glistening coral. 270 00:13:37,249 --> 00:13:39,749 KIRBY: There's barely any algae anywhere. 271 00:13:39,819 --> 00:13:42,919 KIRBY: There's pinks and purples and yellows. 272 00:13:43,923 --> 00:13:45,363 CHARLIE: I haven't seen any algae... 273 00:13:45,424 --> 00:13:47,264 ...in this whole area. 274 00:13:48,127 --> 00:13:50,727 KIRBY: These urchins are nailing their job. 275 00:13:51,130 --> 00:13:54,030 KIRBY: Maybe Pat could use a few urchins back home. 276 00:13:55,067 --> 00:13:56,497 KIRBY: This is pretty amazing! 277 00:14:03,209 --> 00:14:07,649 BRIAN: In total we've put over 300,000 of these little guys out onto the reef so far. 278 00:14:08,147 --> 00:14:09,247 KIRBY: They were all raised here. 279 00:14:09,315 --> 00:14:10,975 BRIAN: That were all raised here in this facility. 280 00:14:11,050 --> 00:14:13,490 KIRBY: That's awesome. CHARLIE: What is a sea urchin? 281 00:14:13,552 --> 00:14:16,692 BRIAN: They're really cool little creatures covered in spikes, 282 00:14:16,755 --> 00:14:20,125 and that protects them and keeps things from eating them, but then they also have little 283 00:14:20,192 --> 00:14:23,162 tube feet, and that's how the urchins actually crawl around. 284 00:14:24,430 --> 00:14:26,300 CHARLIE: See ya, bud. KIRBY: Bye. 285 00:14:26,365 --> 00:14:28,865 KIRBY: Whoa. 286 00:14:29,468 --> 00:14:31,838 CHARLIE: Whoa. That's a giant. KIRBY: That's crazy. 287 00:14:32,104 --> 00:14:36,084 BRIAN: These are about a year and a half old, and so now you can really see those 288 00:14:36,141 --> 00:14:38,941 tube feet that we were talking about with the little ones. 289 00:14:39,011 --> 00:14:41,511 KIRBY: Are these his teeth or his mouth or something? 290 00:14:41,580 --> 00:14:42,680 What's going on? 291 00:14:42,748 --> 00:14:44,478 BRIAN: Yeah, so that's his mouth moving up and down. 292 00:14:44,550 --> 00:14:45,680 CHARLIE: Ugh. 293 00:14:45,751 --> 00:14:48,991 KIRBY: That's so weird it's like 5 little beaks coming forward. 294 00:14:49,054 --> 00:14:50,994 BRIAN: It's like something from a horror movie, doesn't it? 295 00:14:51,056 --> 00:14:52,856 KIRBY: Kind of. That's crazy. 296 00:14:53,559 --> 00:14:57,499 Sounds like these urchins are kind of like reestablishing the balance 297 00:14:57,563 --> 00:14:59,303 of their ecosystem. 298 00:14:59,365 --> 00:15:01,225 ALAN: You know, everything has to be in balance, right? 299 00:15:01,300 --> 00:15:04,500 If one thing's missing from the ecosystem it all goes out of whack. 300 00:15:04,570 --> 00:15:08,270 It's complicated, but yet nature does a great job of taking care of itself. 301 00:15:08,340 --> 00:15:11,480 KIRBY: So we know how to get rid of the algae and make it stay away. 302 00:15:11,543 --> 00:15:12,753 I think we're gonna fix the tank. 303 00:15:12,811 --> 00:15:14,151 (Phone buzzing). 304 00:15:14,213 --> 00:15:15,953 CHARLIE: Dude yeah without a doubt. 305 00:15:16,015 --> 00:15:18,115 We got a bunch of voicemails from Casey. 306 00:15:18,183 --> 00:15:21,523 CASEY: Hey Charles, it's Case, just you know, things are getting kind of 307 00:15:21,587 --> 00:15:22,957 green in the tank. 308 00:15:23,022 --> 00:15:24,562 Call me back. Bye. 309 00:15:25,124 --> 00:15:28,494 CASEY: If you could call me back ASAP that'd be awesome. 310 00:15:28,560 --> 00:15:29,660 Thanks. 311 00:15:29,728 --> 00:15:30,958 CASEY: Where the heck are you guys? 312 00:15:31,030 --> 00:15:34,630 I can't handle this stress! Call me back. 313 00:15:36,635 --> 00:15:38,535 CHARLIE: She's freaking out. KIRBY: Is it bad? CHARLIE: It's bad. 314 00:15:38,604 --> 00:15:39,474 KIRBY: We gotta go. 315 00:15:39,538 --> 00:15:41,408 CHARLIE: Alright guys, we'll head back to HQ, we gotta help Casey out. 316 00:15:41,473 --> 00:15:42,883 See you soon. Quick! 317 00:15:42,942 --> 00:15:45,742 KIRBY (off-screen): Weird but true, the surface of the Atlantic Ocean is 318 00:15:45,811 --> 00:15:48,411 saltier than the surface of the Pacific Ocean! 319 00:15:55,087 --> 00:15:56,317 CHARLIE: Hey Casey! CASEY: Guys! 320 00:15:56,388 --> 00:15:57,758 KIRBY: How's it going? CASEY: Terrible. 321 00:15:57,823 --> 00:16:01,363 There's green stuff all over the walls of the tank, and I told Bob like an hour 322 00:16:01,427 --> 00:16:03,557 ago that I'd teach him how to play racquetball. 323 00:16:03,629 --> 00:16:04,759 CHARLIE: Don't worry about it. 324 00:16:04,830 --> 00:16:06,230 We can handle it, just tell Bob we say hi. 325 00:16:06,298 --> 00:16:07,298 CASEY: Oh my gosh you guys are the best! 326 00:16:07,366 --> 00:16:08,466 Thanks! Bye! 327 00:16:08,534 --> 00:16:13,244 CHARLIE: Okay, so it seems like the same problem as the reefs in Hawaii, right? 328 00:16:13,305 --> 00:16:15,705 All this green stuff is just tiny algae. 329 00:16:15,774 --> 00:16:17,944 KIRBY: Yeah, and the first thing they did was remove it. 330 00:16:18,010 --> 00:16:19,010 So. 331 00:16:22,715 --> 00:16:27,785 CHARLIE: This is looking amazing, but we're not done yet. 332 00:16:28,253 --> 00:16:32,593 Remember back in Hawaii after they took the algae out, they put some sea urchins 333 00:16:32,658 --> 00:16:34,758 in to make sure that it didn't grow back. 334 00:16:34,827 --> 00:16:36,697 KIRBY: We don't have any sea urchins. 335 00:16:36,762 --> 00:16:39,532 CHARLIE: Yeah. We gotta to be missing something, right? 336 00:16:39,598 --> 00:16:41,598 I mean, Patrick was able to make this thing work. 337 00:16:43,902 --> 00:16:45,872 KIRBY: Charlie! CHARLIE: Whoa! 338 00:16:46,939 --> 00:16:49,309 There are a bunch of little bugs in here, swimming around! 339 00:16:49,375 --> 00:16:50,775 What's going on, Kirb? 340 00:16:50,843 --> 00:16:55,013 KIRBY: I think this tank is called a refugium. 341 00:16:55,080 --> 00:16:56,380 CHARLIE: What is a refugium? 342 00:16:56,448 --> 00:16:59,318 KIRBY: Hi, Kirby here for refugium. 343 00:16:59,385 --> 00:17:01,415 Your filtration specialist. 344 00:17:01,487 --> 00:17:04,457 KIRBY: This supplemental tank shares water with your main tank, 345 00:17:04,523 --> 00:17:08,833 is powered by sunlight, activated by fish poop, is safe for your fish 346 00:17:08,894 --> 00:17:10,964 and Mother Nature approved. 347 00:17:11,397 --> 00:17:14,327 I'm talking about macroinvertebrates that eat fish poop, 348 00:17:14,600 --> 00:17:16,500 and other beneficial microalgae. 349 00:17:16,568 --> 00:17:19,668 Both of which keep the nutrients in your tank in check. 350 00:17:20,205 --> 00:17:25,435 KIRBY: Look over here, by absorbing the fish waste and balancing the chemicals in the 351 00:17:25,511 --> 00:17:30,851 tank, these organisms are taking nutrients away from the bad algae in the main tank and 352 00:17:30,916 --> 00:17:33,946 promoting a healthier environment for your fish. 353 00:17:34,453 --> 00:17:39,633 What I need from you is to call in the next 4 minutes to get your very own refugium 354 00:17:39,691 --> 00:17:44,501 and we'll throw in a microalgae starter kit, a giant beat up shark and heck, 355 00:17:44,563 --> 00:17:47,173 why not, my brother, Charlie. 356 00:17:48,534 --> 00:17:52,244 CHARLIE: Okay, so I guess this isn't just an empty tank without any fish. 357 00:17:52,304 --> 00:17:57,514 KIRBY: Yeah, this refugium is a filtration system with tiny little organisms in it to 358 00:17:57,576 --> 00:17:59,776 make this a balanced ecosystem. 359 00:17:59,845 --> 00:18:03,545 CHARLIE: How cool is that, tiny little organisms and little plants can have 360 00:18:03,615 --> 00:18:05,545 a huge role in a coral reef. 361 00:18:05,617 --> 00:18:09,017 KIRBY: Yeah, and I guess we just have to connect the two tanks then. 362 00:18:09,822 --> 00:18:12,062 CHARLIE: Yeah, definitely not plugged in here. 363 00:18:12,524 --> 00:18:14,134 And, they're connected! 364 00:18:14,193 --> 00:18:15,093 KIRBY: Boom! 365 00:18:15,160 --> 00:18:17,100 Natural filtration is back online. 366 00:18:18,464 --> 00:18:20,834 CHARLIE: This is looking pretty good, Kirb, not gonna lie. 367 00:18:20,899 --> 00:18:24,099 KIRBY: What can we do to make sure this is in the perfect condition? 368 00:18:25,237 --> 00:18:26,267 CHARLIE (off-screen): I don't know. 369 00:18:26,338 --> 00:18:28,538 What could possibly be left for us to diagnose? 370 00:18:30,275 --> 00:18:31,475 CHARLIE: Hey, Earth. 371 00:18:31,543 --> 00:18:33,253 KIRBY: How have you been feeling recently? 372 00:18:33,312 --> 00:18:36,152 CHARLIE: I'm gonna have to ask you to take a deep breath for me. 373 00:18:36,215 --> 00:18:38,775 KIRBY: And open up wide so I can take your temp. 374 00:18:39,051 --> 00:18:41,521 KIRBY: Hmm, a bit above normal. 375 00:18:42,187 --> 00:18:45,057 CHARLIE: We're gonna have to take a look at your coral real quick. 376 00:18:45,324 --> 00:18:47,394 Oop, very white. 377 00:18:47,459 --> 00:18:49,359 You're suffering from coral bleaching. 378 00:18:52,798 --> 00:18:55,598 CHARLIE (off-screen): That's when the coral gets so stressed from the increased 379 00:18:55,667 --> 00:18:59,907 ocean temperatures, it expels the good algae inside of it that gives it food, 380 00:18:59,972 --> 00:19:02,172 and its color, turning it white. 381 00:19:02,841 --> 00:19:05,641 The coral cannot survive without their algae for very long. 382 00:19:06,345 --> 00:19:11,545 KIRBY: And if we look at your file from 1998, it looks like you lost 16% of your 383 00:19:11,617 --> 00:19:14,717 coral due to a worldwide bleaching event. 384 00:19:15,220 --> 00:19:16,860 KIRBY: It seems to be getting worse every day. 385 00:19:16,922 --> 00:19:18,862 CHARLIE: You're taking in a lot of CO2. 386 00:19:18,924 --> 00:19:23,334 CHARLIE: It looks like your oceans are absorbing 22 million tons of 387 00:19:23,395 --> 00:19:25,755 CO2 every single day. 388 00:19:26,098 --> 00:19:31,838 KIRBY: Look, your water sample just came in from the lab, and it looks like all that CO2 is 389 00:19:31,904 --> 00:19:35,374 causing all of your waters to become more acidic. 390 00:19:36,275 --> 00:19:39,375 KIRBY (off-screen): Ocean acidification makes it hard for corals to 391 00:19:39,444 --> 00:19:41,454 grow their skeletons. 392 00:19:41,513 --> 00:19:45,453 CHARLIE: You're suffering from coral bleaching and ocean acidification. 393 00:19:45,517 --> 00:19:49,587 So, I'm gonna have to recommend that you reduce your daily intake of CO2 and 394 00:19:49,655 --> 00:19:53,885 encourage your caretakers, the people of Earth, to reduce their contribution 395 00:19:53,959 --> 00:19:55,289 to climate change, too. 396 00:19:55,360 --> 00:19:56,700 KIRBY: We're rooting for ya. 397 00:19:56,962 --> 00:20:01,872 CHARLIE: Okay, so coral reefs thrive at specific temperatures and PH levels. 398 00:20:02,167 --> 00:20:03,967 Hmm, oh! 399 00:20:04,036 --> 00:20:05,366 This one's a little frigid. 400 00:20:05,437 --> 00:20:08,367 I'm sure we got to plug into the heater or something. 401 00:20:09,241 --> 00:20:11,911 CHARLIE: Now we got to do a bunch of tests, on like ammonia, 402 00:20:11,977 --> 00:20:15,307 nitrates, we do PH, and oxygen, too. 403 00:20:15,380 --> 00:20:17,120 KIRBY: Keeping a tank is kind of difficult. 404 00:20:17,182 --> 00:20:18,282 CASEY: Hey guys! 405 00:20:18,350 --> 00:20:19,990 Sorry I was gone, but I'm here now. 406 00:20:20,052 --> 00:20:21,922 And this looks amazing. 407 00:20:22,421 --> 00:20:25,591 KIRBY: Yeah, we connected two symbiotic ecosystems, 408 00:20:25,657 --> 00:20:28,187 and we regulated the water temperature. 409 00:20:28,260 --> 00:20:29,430 You want to feed them? 410 00:20:29,494 --> 00:20:30,564 CASEY: For sure! 411 00:20:33,298 --> 00:20:34,768 CASEY: Guys. 412 00:20:34,833 --> 00:20:36,943 KIRBY: What? CASEY: Where's the last fish? 413 00:20:37,002 --> 00:20:38,142 CHARLIE: What are you talking about? 414 00:20:38,203 --> 00:20:39,913 CASEY: In Patrick's note, he said there were 7 fish. 415 00:20:39,972 --> 00:20:43,342 Flip, Flop, Splish, Splash, Rainbow, Dr. Sparkles, 416 00:20:43,408 --> 00:20:44,978 and Colonel Archibald Billingsworth. 417 00:20:45,043 --> 00:20:46,553 There are only 6 fish here. 418 00:20:46,612 --> 00:20:49,552 KIRBY: We lost a fish? CHARLIE: Wait, we didn't lose a fish. 419 00:20:49,615 --> 00:20:51,345 This is how it always looked. 420 00:20:51,416 --> 00:20:52,446 CASEY: Oh, my gosh. 421 00:20:52,517 --> 00:20:53,617 CHARLIE: Don't worry about it, Case. 422 00:20:53,685 --> 00:20:55,145 I'm sure Kirb and I figure this one out, too. 423 00:20:55,220 --> 00:20:58,420 CASEY: No, no, I'm done handing out responsibilities. 424 00:20:58,490 --> 00:21:00,430 Guys, give me some space. 425 00:21:00,492 --> 00:21:01,862 I've got a fish to find. 426 00:21:05,664 --> 00:21:06,604 CHARLIE: Hey guys. 427 00:21:06,665 --> 00:21:09,495 KIRBY: Case has been researching for like an hour and a half. 428 00:21:09,568 --> 00:21:11,238 CHARLIE: She's missed three meetings. 429 00:21:11,303 --> 00:21:12,703 KIRBY: She's not answering her phone. 430 00:21:12,771 --> 00:21:13,971 CHARLIE: It's crazy. 431 00:21:14,039 --> 00:21:16,479 CASEY: I got it! CHARLIE: Where is it? 432 00:21:16,541 --> 00:21:19,041 CASEY: Right here. It's a stonefish. 433 00:21:19,111 --> 00:21:20,581 KIRBY: Woah. 434 00:21:20,646 --> 00:21:23,316 CASEY: Yeah, he looks way more like a stone than a fish. 435 00:21:23,382 --> 00:21:25,352 And he wasn't lost at all, we couldn't see him. 436 00:21:25,417 --> 00:21:27,187 CHARLIE: That's a super close call. 437 00:21:27,252 --> 00:21:28,792 CASEY: Way too close of a call for me. 438 00:21:28,854 --> 00:21:32,594 That's why I'm clearing out time in my schedule to make responsibilities like 439 00:21:32,658 --> 00:21:34,588 this one more of a priority. 440 00:21:34,660 --> 00:21:35,990 Nothing's falling through the cracks. 441 00:21:36,061 --> 00:21:37,301 KIRBY: Probably a good idea. 442 00:21:37,362 --> 00:21:38,832 CHARLIE: You want to know the craziest thing, though? 443 00:21:38,897 --> 00:21:41,467 Patrick has no idea that any of this is happening. 444 00:21:41,533 --> 00:21:44,203 KIRBY: Should we craft him a letter? CASEY: I can help! 445 00:21:44,269 --> 00:21:46,739 KIRBY: Case, focus on the fish. CASEY: You're right. 446 00:21:46,805 --> 00:21:49,735 CHARLIE: Alright, guys, it looks like we have a new project on our hands, 447 00:21:49,808 --> 00:21:51,538 but thanks so much for stopping by. 448 00:21:51,610 --> 00:21:54,250 Come by again when we discover more things that are weird... 449 00:21:54,313 --> 00:21:55,283 KIRBY: But true! 450 00:21:55,347 --> 00:21:56,917 CHARLIE: We'll see you guys later! I want to put a fish in the tank. 451 00:21:56,982 --> 00:21:57,882 KIRBY: We gotta tell em about all this. 452 00:21:57,949 --> 00:21:59,079 Captioned by Cotter Captioning Services. 39016

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