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Several years ago I was invited to give a lecture at Covenant College, down in Lookout
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Mountain, Tennessee, and I remember, the address that I gave at that time was called "The Locus,"
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not locust like the insect, but The Locus of Astonishment
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That is, the place where we focus on what is really amazing to us
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I pointed out in that address on that occasion that we sing Amazing Grace and give lip service
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to the sense in which we are amazed by grace but I wonder how amazed we really are, where
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we have become so accustomed to the mercy of God the patience of God and the grace
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of God that we begin to take it for granted, and to assume it and then pretty soon, to
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demand it. and so that when He is gracious to us, we’re hardly surprised
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I find that what is most astonishing, characteristically to Christians of our day, is when they are
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visited by tragedy or affliction or suffering
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And many times the presence of suffering n our life undoes us and brings us to a state
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of a spiritual crisis
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I think part of the reason for that is that we hear in the culture, this ministers who
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tell us that once you come to Christ, all your problems are over and that God doesn't
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ever will sickness or pain or affliction and so that when these things happen to us, we
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have a crisis of faith
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On that occasion in Tennessee, I used a portion of Scripture from the thirteenth chapter of
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Luke's gospel, as a taking off point for the discussion
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There in Luke 13:1 we read this narrative "There were present, at that season, some
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who told Him about the Galileans, whose blood Pilate had mingled with their sacrifices
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And Jesus answered and said to them, 'Do you suppose that these Galileans were worse sinners
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than all other Galileans because they suffered such things?
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I tell you, no
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But unless you repent, you will all likewise perish
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Were those eighteen in whom the tower in Siloam fell and killed them, do you think that they
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were worse sinners than all the other men who dwelled in Jerusalem?
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I tell you no, but unless you repent, you will all likewise perish
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What's going on here is that the people come to Jesus and they're asking this question.
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basically, how could God allow these things to happen?
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If God is good how could He stand by and let the tower fall upon the heads of innocent
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people just minding their business, walking down the street?
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Or allow them to be become victims of this savage attack of Pilate's forces'?
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He mixed the blood of the people with the sacrifices
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We're surprised when these things happen
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And what we may be even more surprised at is Jesus' response
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He said, if you think that these things happen to these people because they were worse sinners
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than anybody else, I tell you no
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But unless you repent you will likewise perish
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Now what's our Lord doing here?
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I think what he's saying to his inquirers is this
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You're asking me the wrong question
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The question you should be asking is why didn’t that temple fall on my head?
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Wh wasn't my blood mixed with the blood of the sacrifices with the Galileans'?
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Now somehow we assume that God owes it toj us to ive us a life free of suffering
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Now we have to be careful when we look at this whole question of suffering, because
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we have this passage here in Luke, we know in John chapter nme; the disciples come with
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a question to Jesus about a man who had been born blind
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And they say, whose sin was it?
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The man or his parents', that this fellow was born with this affliction?
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And what does Jesus say?
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Neither
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You've come to me with a false dilemma
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It wasn't, as a punishment to the man and it wasn't as a punishment to the father or
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the mother, it was that the Son of Man may be glorified in this occasion
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We go to the whole book of Job which spends an entire book of the Bible wrestling with
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the question of the problem of suffering
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And we are introduced to the drama of a man who is the most righteous man in the world.
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who then is reduced to the worst level of pain and misery and suffering of anyone in
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the world, so much so that his friends begin to think he must have been the chief of sinners
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to have deserved this fate of so much pain
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And Job crawled up on a dung heap and cursed the day of his birth
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And yet he said, "Though He slay me. yet will
I trust Him "
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But Job asked with anguish the question, why, God?
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And I think that's a natural thing, a normal thing for the Christian, when we are visited
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with pain and affliction and the tragic for us to cry out in pain, saying. "Why'?"
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Well we have to be careful when we ask that question to ask the question why. when we're
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earnestly seeking an answer is a legitimate thing, but the question why can be a thinly veiled
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accusation we can be saying, "Why?"
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When we say it like that, the only answer we can legitimately expect from God is, "Why not?"
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We need to keep that in front of us at all
times
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But the reality of suffering is something we all have to deal with
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And we deal with it in a pagan world and part of the problem that we experience in
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dealing with this particular difficult problem is that so often, we hear views of pain and
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suffering that are pagan views of pain and suffering
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And we need to understand the difference between a Christian understanding of suffenng and
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pagan views of suffering
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In the short time that we have today, I'm going to mention four different varieties
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of views of suffering that have been popular at one time or another in the pagan world
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And the first one is what I'm going to call the docetic view
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I call it the docetic view because it is the view that views suffering and pain as an illusion
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This is the view of suffering that is basically one of denial
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It says that suffering is just a matter of the mind, it’s not real and we need to understand
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that it's simply an illusion
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We get to that, for example, in the religion of Christian Science
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I once had a lengthy discussion with an adherent of Christian Science who told me that evil
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was not real, that it was just an illusion, and also pain and suffering and all the things
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that are connected with it
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And I said, "Well I'm standing here, disagreeing you "
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In fact, we were debating the issue in front of a group of people, and I said. ’’And I'm
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telling these people that evil is real and that there really is such a thing as pain
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and suffering
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Do you agree with that?
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no he said, "No. of course not
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He says "That’s why I'm taking the opposition
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I said, "Do you think it’s good that I’m telling these people that evil is real?"
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He hesitated because he knew he was now impaled on the horns of a dilemma, because if he says
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yes, it's good that I'm saying what I'm saying, then he's surrendered the argument and if
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he says, no it’s bad that I’m doing what I'm doing, then he’s also surrendered the
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argument unless he can conclude that I'm a fig newton of his imagination and just an
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illusion as we're debating the point
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But really, as a philosophical discussion, it has little value to somebody on a hospital
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bed to say that suffering is not real
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Because we all know it is real
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There is such a thing as pain there is such a thing as sorrow
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And it is no solution to the problem to deny the reality of rt
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A second way in which pagans have dealt with the problem of suffering and evil is found
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in what I call the historic or classic Stoic
view
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And you hear the axioms of Stoicism creeping into our popular culture when you hear such
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statements as, "Keep a stiff upper lip,” or "Don't let anything get you down "
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The Stoics believed that we live in a world that is controlled by material forces
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And these material forces operate according to fixed deterministic laws, and we have
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absolutely no control over what happens to us in this environment
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What happens to us is our fate; or our karma
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It is just the result of these impersonal forces out there and we have no freedom to
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determine our own destiny
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The only place where we do have the ability to exercise our freedom and to impact the
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state of our existence is by directing our attitudes or our emotions with respect to
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things that befall us
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That is, I can't stop being hit by a truck this afternoon rf that’s the way it’s going
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to be, but I do have some power to decide how I'm going to react to it internally
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And so, what the Stoics sought to achieve was what they called philosophical ataraxia
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or peace of mind
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You've maybe never heard the term 'ataraxia' except as a brand name for a tranquilizer
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in the pharmaceutical world
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But that Greek word is the word that means peace of mind, whereby nothing disturbs our
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equanimity
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Now, the Stoics also sought to reach that state by practicing diligently the art of
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what they called imperturbability
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That is, you practice controlling your emotions to such a degree that nothing will perturb
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you
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Nothing will upset you
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And so, you martial these internal resources to get a thick skin or hide over your feelings
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so that if you do enter into an arena of pain or of affliction, you won't let it get you
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down you keep the stiff upper lip and bear it in quietness and so on
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The third way in which pagans have sought to deal with suffering historically is through
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a method expounded by the Stoics' chief rivals in their day the Hedonists, and the Hedonistic
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view is defined in this way
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Hedonism historically is that philosophy of life that describes or defines the good
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in terms of the elimination of pain and the acquisition of pleasure
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Now, in the ancient world, there were two different types of hedonists in their philosophical
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orientation, one that I will call the crass hedonists, and the other group I'll call the
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more refined hedonists
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The crass hedonists were called the Cyrenaics, and the Cyrenaics were crude in their pursuit
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of pleasure
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They're the ones that are depicted in the movies of the Roman bacchanalia and the orgies
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and all of that stuff, where they would go to these banquets and they would gorge themselves
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with food until they were completely satiated and then they'd go out, stick their fingers
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down their throats, regurgitate so they could come back in. and fill their stomachs with
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more food
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They lived lives of unbridled licentiousness as much sex and drink and food and physical
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sensuous pleasure that they could possibly enjoy
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And that was their way to happiness
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But again, this crass school of hedonists was short lived because it didn't take them
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long to figure out that if you have an unbridled appetite for pleasure, that has no moderation
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or no balance to it, that pain of the consequences of such unbndled self-indulgence will be
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felt very shortly and acutely
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There are only so many hangovers that you can have until you begin to realize that there's
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not as much pleasure in this activity as you maybe thought there was
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And so, a new version of hedonism was developed in a more refined, sophisticated way, by those
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that were called the Epicureans
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And there, they didn't seek maximum pleasure: but rather optimum pleasure
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The most amount of pleasure you can have without at the same time, increasing the threshold
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of pain
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And that's why they became gourmands in their eating habits and all the rest, and learned
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the best wines
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And for them, it was just a little bit of adultery, just enough to keep life and not
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enough to drive you to destruction
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Now; of course that viewpoint either in its crude form or its refined form; still addresses
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people today
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We still have Epicureans and we have a culture that has been drenched and saturated in the
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philosophy of hedonism
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alcoholism and of unbridled sexual behavior and intoxication and addiction to hard drugs
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And most of the psychologists and sociologists look at this phenomenon of our day which
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v/e have given ourselves over to the hedonistic pursuit of pleasure
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Why?
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In many cases, because of a response to an extremely negative view of life
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It's not an accident that suicide is highest ranking cause of death among certain age groups
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in this nation, because people are taught now and bombarding by all kinds of sources
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telling them that they have emerged from the slime, they're cosmic accidents, their life
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is meaningless
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Their suffering is therefore meaningless, and so they try to dull the pain and the ache
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of the anxiety of being hurled into a meaningless existence by seeking relief in the stupor
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of pleasure
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Nothing new about that
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Just the dimensions are different
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We remember Paul, when he addressed the Corinthians and gave his magnificent defense of the Resurrection,
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when he was going through that discussion, at one point, he said, "If Christ is not raised,
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let us do what?
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Let us eat, drink, and be merry, for tomorrow, we die "
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See. that's the creed of the hedonists
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Sooner or later, tragedy death, pain, suffering and affliction are going to get me
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So, I only go through life once, I'm going to grab all of the gusto I can get right now
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and I'm gonna fill up on pleasure because tomorrow. I die
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In the meantime, it’s party time
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And so. this approach to hedonism, in many ways is motivated by a fear of and a desire
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to escape from the pangs of suffering
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We talk of those who drown their sorrows in a bottle and perhaps the most popular psychoanalysts
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of our culture are the bartenders that are found on every street in every metropolitan
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area, because there are a lot of people who are unhappy, who are suffering, and who are
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in pain and who are desperately trying to find solace and relief from their pain any
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way that they can
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Well, these are just some of the ways in which people cope with the reality of pain and suffering
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And obviously, the Biblical view of sufferin is on a collision course with these views
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Because the one overarching principle of the Biblical view of suffering is this that suffenng,
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for the Christian, is never an exercise in futility
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It is never an exercise in futility
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But that suffering is used by God for redemptive purposes among his people
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And we are told where to put the locus of astonishment
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We're told by Peter we're told by James that we ought not to think that it is something
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strange when we are called upon to suffer
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Because the Christian faith is born in suffering
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The way of salvation is the Via Dolorosa, the way of sadness, the way of the Cross
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And Christ Himself promises his people in the world, you will have tribulation
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You will have afflictions
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Paul says that He fills up in his own body the afflictions that have not yet been completed
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in the body of Christ, His church
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That we all are called to participate in the sorrows of Christ, who was called a man of
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sorrows and acquainted with grief
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And there's a difference between that and Stoicism
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I don’t know how many times, when I’ll go into the homes of Chnstian folks where somebody
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has just died and people feel like they're not allowed to weep, they're not allowed to
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express any kind of sorrow or mourning or
grief
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That they're supposed to be Stoics
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And we won't allow them to grieve
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We'll say to them that that’s an act of unbelief for something like that, as if when Jesus
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went to the place of Lazarus, after he had died, knowing what He was going to do, still
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He entered into the grief of the moment and our Lord Himself wept
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He was a man of sorrows, acquainted with grief
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And the Scriptures make it plain that grief is a legitimate human emotion and there is
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nothing sinful about mourning the loss of a loved one
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That emotion of grief, the emotion of sorrow, in and of itself is perfectly legitimate
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It can easily become a spirit of self pity or of bitterness, but those are distortions
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of legitimate emotions
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And a legitimate emotion of sadness and sorrow are not only permitted by Scripture, but in
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many cases, commended
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We are told in the Old Testament, that it is better to go to the House of Mourning than
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it is to spend your time with fools
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Herman Melville once made the statement that until we understand that one grief outweighs
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a thousand joys, we will never understand what Christianity is trying to make us
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When Paul speaks of the great benefit of our justification whereby we’re adopted into
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fellowship in the family of God he says being justified, therefore you have what?
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Peace with God
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Access into his presence
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And then he goes on to say, "And in the midst, because of your relationship to God, you are
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able to endure tribulation knowing that tribulation works patience and patience’s character and
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these things will not leave us ashamed "
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So that God uses tribulation, He uses our pain, not simply to punish us, but to polish
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us
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To sanctify us
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In many cases, we go into the refiner's fire, so that God will remove the draws from our
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life, draw us close to Himself and in the process of pain and suffering, we are made
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more like Christ
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And then Paul reminds us that the sufferings of this present time are but for a moment
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They are not the final answer
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And that the sufferings that we are called to endure in this world aren't worthy to be
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compared with the glorious things that God has stored up in heaven for those that love
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So, in one sense our suffering becomes a bridge to glory
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Now that doesn't mean that we are supposed to go out and look for suffering and to say
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Thank you, Lord, every time the sky falls on our heads
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And there are people that try to do that and that can be a form of denial
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It can be more docetic than it is Christian, or it can be more, as I say, treating the
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pain as if it were illusory, when in fact it's very, very real
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We don't rejoice that we have a headache
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We don't rejoice that we have cancer eating away at us what we do rejoice in is the presence
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of God in the midst of our pain
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But again we have to understand, lest we fall into being absolutely undone and astonished
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whenever affliction hits us that we are to expect it!
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It’s part of our call as Christians
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That God has called us into a fallen world to minister into a world that is a veil of
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tears and it's a place of pain and there's no way that we can ever expect to escape it
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Now suppose I'm afflicted with suffering
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Why?
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Why am I afflicted?
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There could be several reasons
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It may be that God needs to correct me and that it is part of his corrective wrath to
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make me sick or to bring me low
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He does that
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I here are manifold examples of that in scripture
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How did Miriam get leprosy?
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God gave her leprosy to bring her to repentance
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What is Jesus saying here, "Unless you repent, you all likewise perish "
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Sometimes the suffering that we have in this world is because God is correcting us or disciplining
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us
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But we can't jump to the conclusion that every time we get sick or every time we suffer that
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there's a direct correlation between our disobedience
and the pain that we’re experiencing
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Again Job is Exhibit A to refute that argument
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Job was more righteous than anybody else and yet he suffered more than anybody else and
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it would have been a terrible mistake to assume that there was a direct, proportionate relationship
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between the degree of his guilt and the degree of his pain
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Mustn't do that
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So we don't always know, and we don’t have to know
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What we have to know is Him
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Because when Job demanded an answer for his pain and asked God to speak to him and explain
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it to him and God finally appeared to Job and interrogated Job for several chapters,
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what answer did Job get from God?
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He didn't get one
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God didn't say to Job, "You're suffering this pain for this, this, this, and this "
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The only answer Job got to his affliction in the final analysis, was God Himself
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The presence of God
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And in fact, what God was saying was, "Job,
here I am
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I am with you. trust me
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Now, when people say "Trust me," it's time
to run
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But when God says trust me, it’s time to trust
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Let me finish by reminding you that our God never promised any of us that we would never
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go into the valley of the shadow of death
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What He did promise us was that He would go with us
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"Yea, though I walk through the valley of the shadow of death. I will fear no evil,
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for thou art with me
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Thy rod and thy staff, they comfort me
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We have the good shepherd
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We have his presence
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We have his consolation
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That doesn't mean that we’re removed from the arena of pain, but that we are upheld
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in the arena of pain
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