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I know most people watching this have
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never seen me in person so you're gonna
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have to trust me when I say I'm about
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six foot seven inches tall or almost
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exactly two meters and as far as humans
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go that's pretty big not to brag or
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anything but if we take a look at an
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average American male he'll likely be
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only 5 foot 9 or 1.75 meters or only 87
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percent of my size being the height that
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I am definitely has its advantages
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I can always reach things I was only
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chosen first to be on sports teams and
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the regular people cower in fear of me
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whenever I walk down the street but
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despite how big this might seem in the
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scope of living things I'm still real
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teeny-tiny if we look at baleen afterö
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musculus more commonly known as a blue
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whale we'll see an animal that can reach
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a length of 30 meters long and can weigh
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up to 157 tons and they've never had a
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recorded issue of being unable to reach
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the top shelf at the grocery store
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that's roughly 17 average people tall
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and equivalent to over a whopping 2,700
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average people and wait long story short
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blue whales are pretty big and with
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these dimensions make it the most
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massive known animal to ever have roamed
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the earth several things contribute to
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the blue whales amazing size for
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starters by living in the ocean the
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whales own buoyancy means that skeleton
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doesn't need to work so hard to lift all
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of its weight being warm-blooded the
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blue wheel needs blubber to maintain
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body temperature making them much
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heavier than other marine organisms need
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to be there grazing habits taps into one
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of the lowest trophic levels gaining the
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blue whale degrees of magnitude more
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available energy than other coniferous
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animals and even other whales
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surprisingly however while definitely
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the most massive the blue whale isn't -
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the longest animal to have ever existed
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the extinct Argentinosaurus was the
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largest known dinosaur to have walked
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the earth having inhabited what's now
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Argentina approximately 97 to 93 million
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years ago now many fossils have been
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found at this creature only a couple
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vertebrae rib bones and parts of a leg
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bone because of this only estimates of
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the Argentine sources total length and
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weight can be made based on other
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smaller species similar to the
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Argentinosaurus these estimates can vary
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quite a lot but typically place the
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creature between 30 to 35 metres long
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from head to tail
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but even if it was a full 35 meters this
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still would not have been the longest
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animal ever that honor most likely falls
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upon the lion's mane jellyfish still
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swimming in our oceans today and native
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to the Arctic waters this is definitely
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one of those animals that you'll see and
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you'll think to yourself that's an alien
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the largest recorded specimen ever found
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washed up on the shores of Massachusetts
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Bay in the United States back in 1870
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when completely stretched out the
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tentacles of this creature came out to
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an astounding 37 meters long making it
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the longest recorded single animal ever
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but as big as blue whale's crazy
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dinosaurs and alien jellyfish are life
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can get much much much bigger for this
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we'll need to leave the realm of animals
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and start looking at plants giant
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sequoias are the biggest tree species on
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earth found growing only in the North
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American West Coast predominantly in the
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American state of California currently
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the biggest individual tree is General
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Sherman which comes out to almost 84
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meters tall from base to top or the
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length of 2.8 blue whales or 48 people
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tall of course this isn't even taking
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into account the roots which can reach
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another 14 meters deep into the ground
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in terms of Mass General Sherman comes
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in at nineteen hundred and ten tons
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which is over 4.2 million pounds that
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comes out to over 12 blue whales or
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nearly 31,000 people and wait but if
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that seems like a lot we're just getting
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started
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first off although General Sherman is
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the largest tree by volume there are in
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fact taller trees with the tallest one
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being named Hyperion also in California
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which stands at almost 116 meters tall a
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full 32 meters taller the General
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Sherman or in other words more than one
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full blue whale taller beyond this
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however we still have records of even
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more massive trees again all from
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California a tree called the Crandall
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Creek giant was believed to be between
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15 and 25 percent larger than General
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Sherman by a volume that creates a
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maximum possible mass of almost 2400
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tons or over 5.2 million pounds that
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would come out to be about 15 blue whale
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or 38,000 people which is absolutely
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insane to think about the city I live in
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now has a population of hardly over
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40,000 so this one tree would have
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weighed about as much as everyone who
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lives here combined
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unfortunately the Crandall Creek giant
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was cut down in the mid 1940s
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but even this paled in comparison to the
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biggest tree ever recorded known as the
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Lindsay Creek tree found growing in
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Saudi Arabia I'm just kidding it was
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also in California the trunk volume of
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this tree was an estimated 90,000 cubic
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feet general sherman for comparison has
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a trunk volume of a little over 52,000
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cubic feet so this would be a good
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indication of just how much larger the
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Lindsay Creek tree was measuring nearly
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twice the size of General Sherman all
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this volume translated into an
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approximate mass of nearly thirty three
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hundred tons or 7.2 million pounds this
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comes out to roughly 1.7 times the size
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of General Sherman or nearly 21
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full-grown blue whales or just under
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fifty three thousand average fully grown
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humans measurements of its height put it
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at around 119 meters or 390 feet if true
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this would have made the Lindsay Creek
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tree not only the most massive but also
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the tallest organism we've talked about
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so far
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unfortunately this tree is no longer
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standing either having been blown down
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by a storm in 1905 there's no record of
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the trees roots by the way so the total
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volume of mass and height of the overall
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organism would have been even higher
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than this in all the Lindsay Creek tree
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was the largest single stem tree ever
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known to have existed but that's just
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single stem trees which yes means we're
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not done yet
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see while some trees like General
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Sherman have the strategy of growing one
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huge trunk that occupies a relatively
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small portion of the Earth's surface
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area there are other tree's called
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clonal trees
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yes clonal like clones that have the
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opposite strategy instead of one massive
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trunk they sprout multiple smaller
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trunks from the same root system these
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typically don't grow very tall but
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instead rely more on covering a large
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area to ensure its survival if allowed
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to grow continually well
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they'll do just that sometimes growing
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into basically islands of a single tree
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within a forest the biggest of these
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types of trees is located not too far
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away from the Giant Sequoias actually in
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south-central Utah again in the United
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States this tree is known by the name
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Pando seriously I'm not joking it
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translates into Latin as I spread out
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which well Yap and oh sure dead Pando is
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a member of the quaking aspen species
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which grow and store energy and
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nutrients in their roots from these
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roots the trees can sprout smaller
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individual trees that are still
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connected and it's genetically identical
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to the root system these new trees
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continue to photosynthesize and more
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energy and nutrients back to the roots
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allowing it to grow even more trees the
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root system of Pando got started an
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estimated 80,000 years ago while most of
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the actual above-ground trees are only
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about 80 to 120 years old so while all
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of the above-ground trees may be fairly
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recent the root system would qualify as
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one of the oldest organisms the earth
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has ever seen over this incredibly long
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time Pando grew to an area of 106 acres
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or 43 hectares
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covering this area are an estimated
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forty thousand individual tree trunks
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each one genetically identical and
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connected to one another through their
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roots each one more like a branch on a
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single tree than a tree in their own
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right altogether these tree trunks add
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up to make a single organism that weighs
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nearly 6,000 tonnes or just over 13
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million pounds that's roughly two
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full-grown lynsee Creek trees 38 blue
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whales were almost a ninety seven
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thousand people on top of that it's
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thought that Pando used to be even
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bigger unfortunately for the past 30 to
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40 years panda was thought to have
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started dying although not entirely
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certain why researchers expected to be a
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combination of factors including more
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frequent droughts caused by shifting
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climate increased wildfire suppression
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caused by human oversight and increased
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cattle grazing encouraged by humans as
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well yep this one's our fault even still
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though panda remains the most massive
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organism to have ever been discovered by
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humans nearly twice the size of the
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biggest single stem tree on earth but
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that doesn't mean there aren't still
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physically bigger organisms out there
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that might not be nearly as heavy as
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panda but which spread out over
238
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greater total surface area an example of
239
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this can be found in the waters of the
240
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Mediterranean Sea not in the United
241
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States throughout the sea lives a grass
242
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known as pasado knee of oceanic ax or
243
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just to Neptune grass this grass is a
244
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very similar strategy to Panda where
245
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it's the root system which survives and
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expands while producing expendable grass
247
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stocks where ever conditions are optimal
248
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usually patches of Neptune grass are
249
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small and diverse but south of the
250
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island of Ibiza lies a single patch all
251
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connected by a single root system all
252
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genetically identical that spreads out
253
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over a distance of 8 kilometres based on
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the observed growth rate of this
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00:09:16,819 --> 00:09:18,500
seagrass it's predicted that this
256
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particular colony must be around 100,000
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years old to have made it to this size
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making it potentially the oldest
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organism on earth as well but if we're
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talking about size and not mass we can
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get even bigger for this though we need
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to leave the realm of plants and enter a
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new one
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fungus to understand this one we need to
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learn a little bit more about the
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mushroom species our malaria Ostia
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so normally fungus feeds on dead organic
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matter left behind by plants killed by
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natural causes but this one is what
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you'd call a parasitic fungus meaning
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had figured out that if it could kill
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trees and then digest them it could
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control its own growth and no longer
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depended on chance deaths to support
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itself basically it's a cold-blooded
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killer that sets up camp on a single
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tree until it's dead from a root disease
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known as white rot and then consumes the
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remains ironically these are also known
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as honey mushrooms and there are said to
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be some of the tastiest mushrooms to
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scavenge for while the above-ground
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biomass of this fungus stays pretty
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small just a few mushrooms around the
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stump of a tree beneath the surface its
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roots called mycelium explode throughout
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the soil searching for new trees to
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infect most of the time trees have their
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own defenses against threats like this
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but when a bunch of trees in a single
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area don't the fungus which maintains
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all of its previous biomass beneath the
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soil even after it's done digesting the
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tree can grow to truly enormous sizes
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the biggest is to be found again also in
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the United States things really are
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bigger here this time in the state of
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Oregon in Malheur National Forest here
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the mycelium of a single fungus has come
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to encompass 890 hectares or 22
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acres that's almost 21 times the area of
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panda the one tree forest surprisingly
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the estimates on the age of this
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humongous fungus are only around 2,400
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years old far younger than panda or the
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seagrass bed by ibiza having definite
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start around 400 BCE it was around this
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year that the Olmec culture of Central
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America was coming to a mysterious end
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Romans were building their first
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aqueducts and many of the famous Greek
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philosophers were doing some of their
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best thinking all while the biggest
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organism on earth was getting its start
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amazingly however this fungal structure
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isn't actually all that heavy with
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estimates placing its total mass only
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around 605 tons or about one-tenth the
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mass of Pando or equivalent to only
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about 4 blue whales or nearly 10,000
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people despite its low weight this
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fungal mycelium structure is the largest
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known single living organism we are
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aware of today so this is where we can
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go no further
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unlike Pando however this giant fungus
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has shown no signs of poor health and
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will continue to grow slowly spreading a
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parasitic death across Oregon growing in
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size until something stops it it's not
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really known just how large something
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like this can get and might be able to
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keep growing until there's nothing left
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to feed off of and if you're looking for
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a good science fiction book idea well
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here you go you can have it what I find
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interesting however is that the majority
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of these massive organisms can be found
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within only the United States why this
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is the case isn't really clear either
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but it's likely a combination of the
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Americas being spared from extremely
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high-density human habitation until
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recently allowing these organisms to
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persist without the threat of human
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interaction along with an abundance of
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well-educated researchers capable of
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noticing and recording such incredible
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natural wonders something like this
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giant mycelium Network is so easy to
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miss if not properly educated and it
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makes me wonder if there could be even
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larger more massive organisms located in
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places without so many educated people
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just waiting to be discovered
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man if I did sponsorships this would be
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a great time to roll in curiosity stream
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or like brilliant or something right
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yeah I'm not going to do that but as
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more countries accumulate greater
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populations of scientists and
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researchers maybe new discoveries will
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be made potentially pushing the limits
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on
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we thought life could accomplish or even
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what life really is maybe if something
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new is discovered I'll make a video on
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that as well
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to make sure I'm still around to make
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videos about things like this I'd
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suggest checking out my patreon like all
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of these people dead if not that's fine
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but maybe at least subscribe so you see
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any video I make in the future I should
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be back next week with another one
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thanks
27052
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