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--Captions by VITAC--
www.vitac.com
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00:00:07,931 --> 00:00:10,901
CAPTIONS PAID FOR BY
DISCOVERY COMMUNICATIONS
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00:01:04,724 --> 00:01:06,451
YOU'RE HERE
ABOUT HILLARY CLINTON.
4
00:01:06,452 --> 00:01:09,238
WE'RE HERE ABOUT TRUMP
AND OUR MILITARY. LEAVE!
5
00:01:09,241 --> 00:01:11,661
WHAT ARE SOME OF THE
KINDS OF THINGS THAT CAUSE US
6
00:01:11,662 --> 00:01:13,685
TO HATE ANOTHER GROUP?
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00:01:13,689 --> 00:01:16,619
DON'T TRY TO COME IN HERE
AND MAKE THIS A MUSLIM COUNTRY.
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00:01:16,620 --> 00:01:17,999
IT AIN'T GONNA HAPPEN.
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00:01:18,000 --> 00:01:20,240
WHAT ARE THE KINDS OF THINGS
A SITUATION CAN PRESENT
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00:01:20,241 --> 00:01:24,341
THAT WILL ALLOW US
TO SEE SOME GROUP AS AN ENEMY?
11
00:01:24,344 --> 00:01:26,524
WE AS HUMANS GO AROUND
JUST DIVIDING THE WORLD
12
00:01:26,525 --> 00:01:29,654
UP INTO US VERSUS THEM.
13
00:01:29,655 --> 00:01:32,515
WHEN WE CATEGORIZE PEOPLE
ON THE BASIS OF THEIR RELIGION
14
00:01:32,517 --> 00:01:33,927
OR THEIR RACE
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00:01:33,931 --> 00:01:36,311
OR THEIR POLITICAL PARTY,
WE'RE NOT JUST SAYING,
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00:01:36,312 --> 00:01:38,860
"OH, THIS PERSON IS LIKE ME
OR THEY'RE NOT."
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00:01:38,862 --> 00:01:42,070
WE BUILD A WHOLE SYMBOLIC
AND IDEOLOGICAL STRUCTURE
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00:01:42,071 --> 00:01:43,928
THAT GOES ALONG
WITH THAT CATEGORIZATION.
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00:01:43,931 --> 00:01:44,971
NICARAGUA LIBRE!
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00:01:44,972 --> 00:01:47,274
WE WANT TO PROMOTE OUR TRIBE.
21
00:01:47,275 --> 00:01:52,065
THIS IS THE FIRST STEP
TOWARD TAKING AMERICA BACK.
22
00:01:54,758 --> 00:01:57,238
LAURIE SANTOS INTERVIEW,
TAKE ONE, COLUMN MARK.
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00:01:59,517 --> 00:02:00,617
HI, HOW ARE YOU?
24
00:02:02,862 --> 00:02:04,899
SO I THINK I'VE ALWAYS BEEN
INTERESTED IN PEOPLE
25
00:02:04,900 --> 00:02:08,205
AND TRYING TO MAKE SENSE OF HOW
PEOPLE BEHAVE AND WHAT THEY DO.
26
00:02:08,206 --> 00:02:09,336
I REMEMBER WHEN I LEARNED
THAT THERE WAS
27
00:02:09,344 --> 00:02:10,831
THIS FIELD
OF COGNITIVE SCIENCE
28
00:02:10,832 --> 00:02:13,447
WHERE YOU COULD TRY TO FIGURE
OUT HOW THE MIND WORKED,
29
00:02:13,448 --> 00:02:15,238
AND IT WAS LIKE,
THIS IS JUST THE BEST THING EVER
30
00:02:15,241 --> 00:02:20,101
BECAUSE IT'S COOL SCIENCE
BUT IT'S ALSO REALLY USEFUL.
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00:02:20,103 --> 00:02:22,283
I'M A PROFESSOR OF PSYCHOLOGY
AT YALE,
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00:02:22,284 --> 00:02:27,685
AND I'M REALLY INTERESTED
IN THE ORIGINS OF TRIBALISM.
33
00:02:27,689 --> 00:02:29,479
HOW DID WE DEVELOP THE SORTS
OF CAPACITIES
34
00:02:29,482 --> 00:02:33,550
THAT WE HAVE
FOR OUR TRIBAL BEHAVIOR?
35
00:02:33,551 --> 00:02:36,550
I TAKE THIS APPROACH BY STUDYING
NON-HUMAN ANIMALS.
36
00:02:40,896 --> 00:02:43,136
CAYO SANTIAGO IS A REALLY
UNIQUE ISLAND
37
00:02:43,137 --> 00:02:45,717
BECAUSE IT'S HOME
TO A WHOLE POPULATION
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00:02:45,724 --> 00:02:47,964
OF FREE-RANGING
RHESUS MONKEYS,
39
00:02:47,965 --> 00:02:49,995
AND THAT MEANS WE CAN
GO DOWN TO THE ISLAND
40
00:02:50,000 --> 00:02:53,205
AND STUDY THE MONKEYS'
NATURAL BEHAVIORS.
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00:02:53,206 --> 00:02:54,966
THEY'RE BORN INTO
A PARTICULAR GROUP,
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00:02:54,967 --> 00:03:00,205
AND THE GROUPS DON'T REALLY SEEM
TO LIKE EACH OTHER VERY MUCH.
43
00:03:00,206 --> 00:03:02,066
BEING IN A GROUP CONTROLS
YOUR ACCESS
44
00:03:02,068 --> 00:03:04,338
TO A PARTICULAR FOOD
OR A WATER SOURCE,
45
00:03:06,482 --> 00:03:09,342
BUT THE AMAZING THING
ABOUT THE KIND OF IN-GROUP,
46
00:03:09,344 --> 00:03:11,970
OUT-GROUP BIASES
THAT WE SEE IN THE MONKEYS
47
00:03:11,971 --> 00:03:13,654
IS THAT THEY DON'T DO THIS
WITH LANGUAGE.
48
00:03:13,655 --> 00:03:16,995
THEY'RE NOT LABELING EACH OTHER
AS A DEMOCRAT OR REPUBLICAN,
49
00:03:17,000 --> 00:03:20,170
BLACK OR WHITE,
JEWS OR GENTILES.
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00:03:20,172 --> 00:03:21,589
THEY'RE ABLE TO SET UP
51
00:03:21,590 --> 00:03:24,516
THESE REALLY BASIC KINDS OF
"US VERSUS THEM" CATEGORIES
52
00:03:24,517 --> 00:03:27,757
IN THE ABSENCE OF ALL THIS RICH
STUFF THAT WE USE IN HUMANS,
53
00:03:27,758 --> 00:03:30,274
AND THAT SHOWS US THAT THE SEEDS
54
00:03:30,275 --> 00:03:34,205
OF OUR GROUP-BASED THINKING
ARE REALLY JUST DEEP.
55
00:03:34,206 --> 00:03:37,306
I THINK UNDERSTANDING TRIBALISM
IS REALLY IMPORTANT,
56
00:03:37,310 --> 00:03:39,964
IN PART
BECAUSE OF ITS IMPLICATIONS.
57
00:03:39,965 --> 00:03:43,025
THESE ARE THE THINGS ON WHICH
NATION STATES ARE BUILT.
58
00:03:43,034 --> 00:03:44,314
THESE ARE THE DISTINCTIONS,
59
00:03:44,315 --> 00:03:47,136
THE CATEGORIES ON WHICH WARS
ARE FOUGHT.
60
00:03:47,137 --> 00:03:49,447
IF WE DON'T UNDERSTAND
THE VERY SIMPLE MECHANISMS
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00:03:49,448 --> 00:03:51,897
FOR HOW WE BREAK PEOPLE UP
INTO DIFFERENT GROUPS,
62
00:03:51,898 --> 00:03:53,656
WE'RE NEVER GOING TO BE ABLE
TO SOLVE
63
00:03:53,657 --> 00:03:55,715
THESE MAJOR PROBLEMS
THAT WE FACE,
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00:03:55,724 --> 00:03:58,454
YOU KNOW, TODAY AND HAVE
FACED OVER HUMAN HISTORY.
65
00:04:01,862 --> 00:04:04,242
BACK IN THE 1950s,
SHERIF AND COLLEAGUES
66
00:04:04,243 --> 00:04:06,861
DID A QUITE FAMOUS EXPERIMENT.
67
00:04:08,862 --> 00:04:10,240
WHAT SHERIF DID
68
00:04:10,241 --> 00:04:12,341
WAS HE BROUGHT TOGETHER
A GROUP OF 12-YEAR-OLD BOYS
69
00:04:12,344 --> 00:04:14,831
AND SET UP A SORT OF FAKE
SUMMER CAMP
70
00:04:14,832 --> 00:04:17,997
IN A SPOT KNOWN AS ROBBERS CAVE
DOWN IN OKLAHOMA.
71
00:04:24,448 --> 00:04:26,895
THE BOYS WERE BROUGHT TOGETHER
72
00:04:26,896 --> 00:04:29,336
AND INTRODUCED
TO THEIR IN-GROUP.
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00:04:38,000 --> 00:04:42,619
SHERIF WAS INTERESTED IN THE WAY
IN WHICH OUR BEHAVIOR
74
00:04:42,620 --> 00:04:45,900
AS INDIVIDUALS IS STRUCTURED
BY GROUP MEMBERSHIP.
75
00:04:54,689 --> 00:04:56,069
AND INSTANTLY,
76
00:04:56,070 --> 00:04:57,998
THEY STARTED FIGHTING
WITH ONE ANOTHER,
77
00:04:58,000 --> 00:05:00,139
AND THEN AS THE COMPETITIONS
PICKED UP,
78
00:05:00,140 --> 00:05:02,067
WE WENT FROM JUST
KIND OF LIKING BAD THINGS
79
00:05:02,068 --> 00:05:03,928
HAPPENING TO THE OTHER GROUP
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00:05:03,931 --> 00:05:07,031
TO THE BOYS ACTIVELY
PARTICIPATING IN BAD THINGS
81
00:05:07,034 --> 00:05:10,102
HAPPENING TO THE OTHER GROUP.
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00:05:10,103 --> 00:05:12,447
AFTER ONE FAMOUS TUG-OF-WAR,
83
00:05:12,448 --> 00:05:16,067
ONE OF THE GROUPS SET FIRE
TO THE OTHER GROUP'S FLAG.
84
00:05:16,068 --> 00:05:19,098
THE BOYS STARTED RANSACKING
EACH OTHER'S CAMPSITES,
85
00:05:19,103 --> 00:05:21,763
REALLY BAD STUFF THAT INVOLVED
DAMAGE TO PROPERTY
86
00:05:21,764 --> 00:05:24,998
AND HARM TO THE OTHER BOYS.
87
00:05:25,000 --> 00:05:28,520
THE STUDY TOLD THIS STORY
OF THE WAY IN WHICH RELATIONS
88
00:05:28,521 --> 00:05:32,377
BETWEEN PEOPLE COULD BREAK DOWN.
89
00:05:32,379 --> 00:05:35,339
WHILE WE OFTEN THINK ABOUT
BEHAVIOR AS JUST BEING DRIVEN
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00:05:35,344 --> 00:05:37,550
BY OUR INDIVIDUALITY,
91
00:05:37,551 --> 00:05:39,791
THERE'S A WHOLE RAFT
OF CONDITIONS
92
00:05:39,793 --> 00:05:42,619
THAT WE SEE AROUND US
ALL THE TIME,
93
00:05:42,620 --> 00:05:45,340
WHETHER AT WORK OR AT HOME
OR IN OUR COMMUNITIES
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00:05:45,344 --> 00:05:49,004
WHERE IT'S NOT OUR PERSONAL
ATTACHMENTS AND PSYCHOLOGIES
95
00:05:49,005 --> 00:05:52,447
THAT DRIVE OUR BEHAVIOR,
IT'S ABOUT THE GROUPS,
96
00:05:52,448 --> 00:05:56,895
THE COLLECTIVES,
THE TRIBES THAT WE BELONG TO.
97
00:05:56,896 --> 00:05:59,166
IT ALSO TELLS US HOW QUICKLY
98
00:05:59,172 --> 00:06:01,932
THIS KIND OF INNER GROUP HATRED
CAN KICK IN.
99
00:06:01,933 --> 00:06:05,895
AS SOON AS THERE'S COMPETITION
FOR SOMETHING IN THE WORLD.
100
00:06:11,793 --> 00:06:15,691
UP THE MIDDLE,
MISSED TACKLE AND ANOTHER FIVE POINTS.
101
00:06:15,692 --> 00:06:18,209
SO SPORTS FANS
IN GENERAL TEND TO DEVELOP
102
00:06:18,210 --> 00:06:21,306
THESE REALLY
DEEP TRIBAL LOYALTIES,
103
00:06:21,310 --> 00:06:23,830
AND THEY TEND TO BE BASED
ON A FEW DIFFERENT FACTORS.
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00:06:23,831 --> 00:06:26,307
ONE IS THAT OFTEN
THESE SPORTS TEAMS
105
00:06:26,310 --> 00:06:29,030
MAP ON TO A PARTICULAR
REGIONAL IDENTITY,
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00:06:29,034 --> 00:06:31,033
SO THE RED SOX ARE FROM BOSTON.
107
00:06:31,034 --> 00:06:34,619
THE YANKEES ARE FROM NEW YORK.
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00:06:34,620 --> 00:06:37,860
WE TEND TO USE TRIBAL
AFFILIATION SYMBOLS,
109
00:06:37,862 --> 00:06:40,282
BASICALLY ALL THESE KINDS
OF PROCESSES
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00:06:40,283 --> 00:06:43,165
THAT TEAMS USE
TO BUMP UP TRIBALISM.
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00:06:47,793 --> 00:06:52,619
SPORT REALLY TRANSLATES
AS THE EVOLUTION OF WARFARE.
112
00:06:52,620 --> 00:06:55,030
WE HAVE A TERRITORY.
113
00:06:55,034 --> 00:06:59,033
WE HAVE VERY CLEAR WINS,
WHICH ARE TROPHIES.
114
00:06:59,034 --> 00:07:03,861
BY WATCHING THE GAME, YOU ARE
WATCHING THIS BLOODY COMBAT,
115
00:07:03,862 --> 00:07:07,001
AND YOU'RE ENGAGED
WITH THE REST OF YOUR SUPPORTERS
116
00:07:07,002 --> 00:07:09,760
AS IF YOU'VE JUST ENCOUNTERED
A WAR TOGETHER,
117
00:07:09,761 --> 00:07:11,098
LET'S GO!
****
118
00:07:11,103 --> 00:07:13,833
SO YOU LEAVE THAT WAR SCENE
IN THIS STATE
119
00:07:13,834 --> 00:07:17,067
OF HEIGHTENED EMOTION
AND TESTOSTERONE,
120
00:07:17,068 --> 00:07:20,205
AND ALL OF THAT TRANSLATES
AS VIOLENT ACTION.
121
00:07:27,172 --> 00:07:30,032
AND ALSO A DEEP, DEEP BONDING.
122
00:07:33,034 --> 00:07:37,274
SO, SOCCER FANS
TEND TO BE THE MOST TRIBAL,
123
00:07:37,275 --> 00:07:41,165
BUT NOT JUST ABOUT THE SOCCER
PLAYERS THAT THEY CARE ABOUT,
124
00:07:41,172 --> 00:07:42,930
BUT ALSO THE OTHER FANS.
125
00:07:42,931 --> 00:07:45,070
THAT'S INTERESTING
BECAUSE IT SUGGESTS
126
00:07:45,071 --> 00:07:47,278
THAT IT'S NOT JUST
ABOUT A COMPETITION.
127
00:07:56,586 --> 00:07:58,966
SOCCER FANS,
OR FOOTBALL FANS,
128
00:07:58,967 --> 00:08:01,615
AS WE CALL THEM IN THE U.K.,
ARE PASSIONATE,
129
00:08:01,620 --> 00:08:04,447
THEY ENGAGE IN THESE
EXTREME BEHAVIORS,
130
00:08:04,448 --> 00:08:08,308
AND WE SEE THEM ALL
OVER THE WORLD.
131
00:08:08,310 --> 00:08:12,480
IT'S THIS SENSE OF BELONGING,
COMMITMENT, PROTECTION,
132
00:08:12,482 --> 00:08:14,274
DEFENSE, FAMILY,
133
00:08:14,275 --> 00:08:19,065
AND I THINK IT RELATES TO
AN EVOLVED, UNSWAYING DESIRE
134
00:08:19,068 --> 00:08:21,928
TO BE PART OF SOMETHING
MORE THAN YOURSELF.
135
00:08:21,931 --> 00:08:23,447
FOOTBALL ANSWERS THAT.
136
00:08:28,034 --> 00:08:29,834
WITH THE SEASON
APPROACHING ITS CLIMAX,
137
00:08:29,835 --> 00:08:32,967
ONE OF THE PREMIER LEAGUE'S
TOP RIVALRIES TOOK CENTER STAGE
138
00:08:32,968 --> 00:08:35,615
WITH TOTTENHAM HOTSPUR
FACING ARSENAL.
139
00:08:35,620 --> 00:08:38,100
TOTTENHAM, MY TEAM, MY FAMILY.
140
00:08:38,103 --> 00:08:40,412
BOTH MY GRANDFATHERS
WERE SEASON TICKET HOLDERS.
141
00:08:40,413 --> 00:08:42,343
IT'S THE AREA I GREW UP IN.
142
00:08:42,344 --> 00:08:45,074
IT WAS THE NATURAL THING FOR ME
TO SUPPORT THEM.
143
00:08:45,075 --> 00:08:47,205
VAN DER VAART, 3-3!
144
00:08:47,206 --> 00:08:49,066
WHAT A DERBY!
145
00:08:49,068 --> 00:08:51,964
IF I GET CUT, I DON'T BLEED RED.
I BLEED BLUE AND WHITE.
146
00:08:51,965 --> 00:08:53,895
FOR AS LONG
AS MOST FANS CAN REMEMBER,
147
00:08:53,896 --> 00:08:56,274
TOTTENHAM HAVE LIVED
IN THE SHADOW
148
00:08:56,275 --> 00:08:59,095
OF THEIR NORTH LONDON NEIGHBORS,
ARSENAL.
149
00:08:59,103 --> 00:09:01,283
I BECAME AN ARSENAL FAN
WHEN I WAS ABOUT 8,
150
00:09:01,284 --> 00:09:04,065
AND IT'S BEEN A LOVE AFFAIR
EVER SINCE.
151
00:09:04,068 --> 00:09:06,238
THERE IS A BOND THAT DOESN'T
REALLY EXIST
152
00:09:06,241 --> 00:09:07,930
IN OTHER PARTS OF LIFE.
153
00:09:07,931 --> 00:09:11,791
YOU LOSE YOUR IDENTITY AS AN
INDIVIDUAL, AND YOU BECOME ONE.
154
00:09:13,620 --> 00:09:15,999
BEING THERE IN THAT STADIUM AND
WATCHING YOUR TEAM LIFT A TROPHY
155
00:09:16,000 --> 00:09:18,830
IS JUST AS GOOD AS WATCHING
MY CHILDREN BEING BORN.
156
00:09:21,827 --> 00:09:23,136
IT'S BEEN A LONG RIVALRY NOW.
157
00:09:23,137 --> 00:09:24,337
I MEAN, IT'S BEEN, I MEAN,
158
00:09:24,344 --> 00:09:26,144
OBVIOUSLY A LONG,
LONG TIME BEFORE I WAS ALIVE,
159
00:09:26,145 --> 00:09:28,547
BUT, YOU KNOW,
THE HATE CARRIES ON.
160
00:09:32,827 --> 00:09:35,516
GOOD WORK, PROFESSOR.
161
00:09:35,517 --> 00:09:38,097
I GOT BEATEN UP BY SPURS FANS
WHEN I WAS 17,
162
00:09:38,103 --> 00:09:40,205
18 AT MARKET ROAD.
163
00:09:40,206 --> 00:09:43,096
THERE WAS A BIG ONE IN FRONT,
AND THEN HE'S LIKE,
164
00:09:43,103 --> 00:09:45,381
"DO YOU WANT TO GET YOUR
**** HEAD KICKED IN?"
165
00:09:45,382 --> 00:09:48,069
AND I SAY, "THAT'S NOT A VERY
INTELLIGENT QUESTION, IS IT?"
166
00:09:48,070 --> 00:09:50,828
AT WHICH POINT
SOMEONE OVER HERE -- PTHUP!
167
00:09:53,206 --> 00:09:54,786
A CONDITION OF BEING PART
OF ONE GROUP
168
00:09:54,793 --> 00:09:56,141
IS THAT YOU DON'T LIKE
ANOTHER GROUP,
169
00:09:56,142 --> 00:09:58,067
AND THAT'S HOW IT IS
WITH TOTTENHAM AND ARSENAL.
170
00:09:58,068 --> 00:09:59,308
THERE IS NO RHYME OR REASON.
171
00:09:59,310 --> 00:10:01,619
IT'S KIND OF, YOU KNOW,
JUST BLIND HATRED.
172
00:10:01,620 --> 00:10:05,447
TODAY SPURS FANS WILL SAY THAT
WE ARE THE ENEMY TODAY.
173
00:10:05,448 --> 00:10:07,654
- YEAH.
- NOT OUR TEAM. WE ARE.
174
00:10:12,793 --> 00:10:14,895
- WHAT TIME IS IT?
- TEN PAST.
175
00:10:14,896 --> 00:10:16,274
TEN PAST.
WE'LL BE THERE IN 10 MINUTES.
176
00:10:16,275 --> 00:10:17,445
THAT'S 40 MINUTES
BEFORE KICKOFF.
177
00:10:17,448 --> 00:10:19,136
DON'T WORRY.
178
00:10:19,137 --> 00:10:21,167
THERE IS A HISTORY OF VIOLENCE.
179
00:10:21,172 --> 00:10:23,691
YOU KNOW, EVERYONE IS EXCITED,
NERVOUS,
180
00:10:23,692 --> 00:10:26,169
AND OBVIOUSLY SOME OF IT
IS ALCOHOL-FUELED.
181
00:10:26,172 --> 00:10:28,171
DON'T WE HAVE TO --NO. THEY DON'T KNOW.
182
00:10:28,172 --> 00:10:29,970
NONE OF THESE STORES
ARE OPEN ON A SPURS DAY.
183
00:10:29,971 --> 00:10:31,685
THEY DON'T WANT TO GET
SMASHED UP, DO THEY?
184
00:10:37,551 --> 00:10:39,240
SO YOU PUT
ALL THOSE THINGS TOGETHER,
185
00:10:39,241 --> 00:10:41,001
IT JUST TAKES ONE THING
TO LIGHT THE TOUCH PAPER,
186
00:10:41,002 --> 00:10:43,280
SO TO SPEAK, AND IT ALL
BLOWS UP VERY QUICKLY.
187
00:10:43,281 --> 00:10:45,165
MOVE BACK!
188
00:10:56,517 --> 00:10:58,826
COME ON, TOTTENHAM!
189
00:10:58,827 --> 00:11:01,617
YOU COULDN'T PAY
ME TO GO TO ARSENAL'S STADIUM.
190
00:11:01,620 --> 00:11:03,240
WHAT IF WE LOSE?
WHAT IF WE WIN?
191
00:11:03,241 --> 00:11:04,691
I'M GOING TO SAY SOMETHING
TO SOMEONE,
192
00:11:04,692 --> 00:11:06,789
AND I'M GOING TO
GET MYSELF INTO ****.
193
00:11:06,793 --> 00:11:08,343
OH, **** OFF, HE DIVED,
194
00:11:08,344 --> 00:11:10,516
YOU ****
CHEATING ****.
195
00:11:10,517 --> 00:11:13,237
I KNOW PEOPLE WHO GO TO CHURCH
ON A SUNDAY.
196
00:11:13,241 --> 00:11:15,971
THAT DON'T MEAN ANYTHING TO ME.
MY RELIGION IS SPURS.
197
00:11:15,972 --> 00:11:18,585
I MEET MY FRIENDS
BEFORE THE GAME.
198
00:11:18,586 --> 00:11:20,066
WE TALK ABOUT TOTTENHAM.
199
00:11:20,068 --> 00:11:21,826
IT'S LIKE PRAYING FOR US.
200
00:11:25,793 --> 00:11:28,447
HOW DO I FEEL ABOUT ARSENAL?
201
00:11:28,448 --> 00:11:29,718
HATRED.
202
00:11:29,724 --> 00:11:31,964
YEAH!
203
00:11:31,965 --> 00:11:33,995
**** ME.
204
00:11:36,172 --> 00:11:37,832
THESE PEOPLE, THEY'RE VERMIN.
205
00:11:37,833 --> 00:11:39,307
THEY'RE VERMIN, MAN.
206
00:11:41,758 --> 00:11:43,858
IT GOES WAY FURTHER
THAN FOOTBALL.
207
00:11:43,862 --> 00:11:46,378
YOU COULD GO TO WAR WITH IT.
208
00:11:46,379 --> 00:11:50,964
I'VE BEEN NICE UP UNTIL NOW,
BUT THINGS COULD **** CHANGE.
209
00:11:50,965 --> 00:11:55,065
THERE HAS BEEN WARS,
AND I'VE SEEN IT.
210
00:11:55,068 --> 00:11:56,278
WELL, THE MATCH IS NOW OVER,
211
00:11:56,279 --> 00:11:58,545
BUT THERE WAS ALSO TROUBLE
INSIDE THE STADIUM
212
00:11:58,551 --> 00:12:01,171
WITH STEWARDS HAVING
TO INTERVENE AS RIVAL FANS
213
00:12:01,172 --> 00:12:02,550
PROVOKED EACH OTHER.
214
00:12:02,551 --> 00:12:04,661
PLAY WAS STOPPED ON
SEVERAL OCCASIONS
215
00:12:04,662 --> 00:12:07,515
AFTER FANS
INVADED THE PITCH.
216
00:12:12,689 --> 00:12:14,619
THE PARTICULAR TYPE OF IN-GROUP,
217
00:12:14,620 --> 00:12:17,170
OUT-GROUP PSYCHOLOGY
I'VE BEEN RESEARCHING
218
00:12:17,172 --> 00:12:19,274
IS CALLED
IDENTITY FUSION,
219
00:12:19,275 --> 00:12:22,445
AND THAT'S THE REALLY
EXTREME TYPE OF BONDING
220
00:12:22,448 --> 00:12:25,548
WHERE YOUR PERSONAL IDENTITY
IS COMPLETELY FUSED
221
00:12:25,551 --> 00:12:27,550
WITH YOUR GROUP'S IDENTITY.
222
00:12:27,551 --> 00:12:32,240
THEIR BEHAVIOR SERVES TO PROTECT
AND DEFEND THE GROUP,
223
00:12:32,241 --> 00:12:35,209
AND WE FIND, FOR FOOTBALL FANS,
THIS IS AS POWERFUL
224
00:12:35,210 --> 00:12:37,826
AS FOR PEOPLE WHO'VE BEEN
ON THE FRONT LINE TOGETHER.
225
00:12:40,758 --> 00:12:43,238
THEY'D DIE FOR EACH OTHER.
226
00:12:43,241 --> 00:12:46,619
WE THINK THAT THAT RELATES
TO THE KIN PSYCHOLOGY
227
00:12:46,620 --> 00:12:49,585
THAT WAS SO ESSENTIAL
TO KEEPING US ALIVE
228
00:12:49,586 --> 00:12:50,926
WHEN WE LIVED IN TIGHT-KNIT,
229
00:12:50,931 --> 00:12:54,309
SMALL COMMUNITIES
IN OUR ANCESTRAL PAST.
230
00:12:54,310 --> 00:12:58,210
WE NEEDED COMMUNITIES
WE COULD UTTERLY RELY ON,
231
00:13:00,793 --> 00:13:02,313
SO WHEN WE GET
A FOOTBALL MATCH,
232
00:13:02,314 --> 00:13:05,585
WHICH IS REALLY AWFUL
AND FRIGHTENING,
233
00:13:05,586 --> 00:13:08,236
ACTUALLY WHAT YOU FIND
IS PEOPLE COME TOGETHER
234
00:13:08,241 --> 00:13:11,688
BECAUSE IT TRIGGERS
ALL THIS ANCIENT PSYCHOLOGY
235
00:13:11,689 --> 00:13:13,449
THAT THIS IS A GROUP
WHO IS MEANINGFUL,
236
00:13:13,450 --> 00:13:15,858
WHO ARE GOING TO LOOK
AFTER ME,
237
00:13:15,862 --> 00:13:19,274
AND IF THEY FEEL THAT
ANOTHER FAN IS THREATENED,
238
00:13:19,275 --> 00:13:21,165
IT FEELS LIKE
A PERSONAL ATTACK.
239
00:13:23,862 --> 00:13:25,482
THERE HAVE BEEN DEATHS.
240
00:13:29,172 --> 00:13:30,722
THEY'RE NOT VIOLENT
IN THE NAME OF SPORT
241
00:13:30,724 --> 00:13:37,004
BUT IN THE NAME OF THEIR LOVE
FOR THEIR FELLOW FANS.
242
00:13:39,344 --> 00:13:40,904
IF THERE'S ONE THING
MOST AMERICANS CAN AGREE ON,
243
00:13:40,905 --> 00:13:43,756
IT'S THAT OUR POLITICS --
OUR POLITICS ARE PRETTY HOSTILE.
244
00:13:45,482 --> 00:13:50,412
WE ARE AS DIVIDED AS I HAVE SEEN
IN MY LIFETIME AND YOURS.
245
00:13:50,413 --> 00:13:53,723
THE FAR LEFT IS ANGRY,
AND THEY ARE COMING AFTER JOBS.
246
00:13:53,724 --> 00:13:55,144
THEY ARE COMING AFTER FREEDOM.
247
00:13:55,145 --> 00:13:58,167
YOU CANNOT BE CIVIL WITH
A POLITICAL PARTY
248
00:13:58,172 --> 00:14:01,654
THAT WANTS TO DESTROY
WHAT YOU CARE ABOUT.
249
00:14:01,655 --> 00:14:04,545
MANY ON THE LEFT
ARE TOTALLY, COMPLETELY,
250
00:14:04,551 --> 00:14:08,447
UTTERLY PSYCHOTIC AND UNHINGED.
251
00:14:08,448 --> 00:14:10,548
POLITICAL PARTISANSHIP
252
00:14:10,551 --> 00:14:13,278
IS GETTING MORE
AND MORE TRIBAL EVERY DAY.
253
00:14:13,279 --> 00:14:15,585
THE DISTANCE BETWEEN
THE "US AND THEM" IN OUR COUNTRY
254
00:14:15,586 --> 00:14:17,136
IS GETTING BIGGER,
255
00:14:17,137 --> 00:14:20,277
AND IT'S DEVELOPING MORE OF
THE UGLIER SIDES OF TRIBALISM.
256
00:14:20,278 --> 00:14:22,405
****
****
257
00:14:22,413 --> 00:14:27,826
WHY HAS JUST A SIMPLE POLITICAL
DISCUSSION GOTTEN SO HEATED?
258
00:14:27,827 --> 00:14:29,377
I THINK WHEN WE LOOK
AT POLITICS,
259
00:14:29,379 --> 00:14:32,409
WE SEE A TRIBALISM THAT BUILDS
ON WHAT WE SAW WITH SPORTS
260
00:14:32,413 --> 00:14:36,003
BECAUSE IT INVOLVES ALL OF THE
SAME PSYCHOLOGICAL MECHANISMS
261
00:14:36,004 --> 00:14:38,480
WITH A FEW OTHER ADDITIONS.
262
00:14:38,482 --> 00:14:40,692
NOW OUR AFFILIATIONS ARE,
AT LEAST IN THEORY,
263
00:14:40,693 --> 00:14:42,549
BASED ON OUR BELIEFS.
264
00:14:42,551 --> 00:14:46,309
THE REPUBLICAN PARTY
COMPORTS WITH MY VALUE.
265
00:14:46,310 --> 00:14:48,100
IN ADDITION, YOU SOMETIMES GET
266
00:14:48,103 --> 00:14:50,033
MORAL AFFILIATIONS
THAT COME WITH IT...
267
00:14:50,034 --> 00:14:52,930
THERE'S NO QUESTION
THAT OBAMA WANTS TO KILL BABIES.
268
00:14:52,931 --> 00:14:55,211
...AND THAT MEANS THE
TRIBES THAT WE GET IN POLITICS
269
00:14:55,212 --> 00:14:57,966
CAN FEEL EVEN MORE POWERFUL
THAN THE TRIBES WE SAW
270
00:14:57,967 --> 00:14:59,785
WITH SPORTS TEAM AFFILIATION.
271
00:15:04,724 --> 00:15:07,904
WE ARE ONE WEEK AWAY
FROM THE CRITICAL MIDTERM ELECTIONS
272
00:15:07,905 --> 00:15:10,616
WITH THE FUTURE
OF CONGRESS AT STAKE.
273
00:15:10,620 --> 00:15:12,449
THIS IS A VERY BIG RACE,
274
00:15:12,450 --> 00:15:14,998
NOT ONLY HERE FOR FLORIDA
BUT NATIONALLY.
275
00:15:15,000 --> 00:15:16,964
- VOTE THEM...
- OUT!
276
00:15:16,965 --> 00:15:18,755
- VOTE THEM...
- OUT!
277
00:15:18,758 --> 00:15:20,928
- VOTE THEM...
- OUT!
278
00:15:23,344 --> 00:15:27,033
WE'RE LOOKING FORWARD
TO SEEING YOU AT THE POLLS.
279
00:15:27,034 --> 00:15:31,516
I WOULD CONSIDER MYSELF
TO BE A PROGRESSIVE DEMOCRAT.
280
00:15:31,517 --> 00:15:34,516
ARE Y'ALL GETTING READY TO VOTE?
281
00:15:34,517 --> 00:15:36,826
REPUBLICANS ARE WORKING
VERY HARD
282
00:15:36,827 --> 00:15:39,067
TO DELIVER A MESSAGE
OF IGNORANCE,
283
00:15:39,068 --> 00:15:43,205
LIES, FEAR, AND HATE.
284
00:15:43,206 --> 00:15:46,336
PEOPLE THAT I'VE KNOWN FOR
YEARS, HAVE DONE BUSINESS WITH,
285
00:15:46,344 --> 00:15:48,619
BEFORE THIS ALL STARTED,
286
00:15:48,620 --> 00:15:52,790
WE HAD OPEN AND PRETTY COOL
RELATIONSHIPS.
287
00:15:52,793 --> 00:15:56,757
WHEN THEY SEE ME NOW,
THEY WALK BY ME.
288
00:15:56,758 --> 00:15:59,338
THEY PRETEND WE DON'T EXIST.
289
00:15:59,344 --> 00:16:04,171
I SEE THE RIGHT WING STANDING
FOR ABSOLUTE CONTROL,
290
00:16:04,172 --> 00:16:06,447
ANNIHILATION OF ANYONE
291
00:16:06,448 --> 00:16:12,378
THAT DOES NOT LOOK, TALK,
FEEL LIKE THEM.
292
00:16:12,379 --> 00:16:15,999
THIS PARTY I'M LOOKING AT NOW
IS NOT THE REPUBLICAN PARTY.
293
00:16:16,000 --> 00:16:19,030
THIS IS MUCH CLOSER TO WHAT
I CONSIDER THE NAZI PARTY.
294
00:16:26,724 --> 00:16:29,654
ALL RIGHT, SO WE'RE
GOING TO HIT --
295
00:16:29,655 --> 00:16:31,654
WE'LL GO OVER
TO BRISTOL FIRST.
296
00:16:31,655 --> 00:16:33,205
I SERVE AS THE STATE
COMMITTEEMAN
297
00:16:33,206 --> 00:16:34,756
FOR HILLSBOROUGH COUNTY.
298
00:16:34,758 --> 00:16:38,618
I'M A CONSERVATIVE,
LIBERTARIAN REPUBLICAN.
299
00:16:38,620 --> 00:16:43,340
WE'RE TARGETING REPUBLICANS
WHO ARE NOT VOTERS
300
00:16:43,344 --> 00:16:45,524
DURING GUBERNATORIAL
ELECTION YEARS, MIDTERMS,
301
00:16:45,525 --> 00:16:50,377
SO WE'RE TRYING TO GET A LITTLE
LARGER TURNOUT FROM THAT AREA.
302
00:16:50,379 --> 00:16:52,518
THE REASON THIS RACE
IS SO IMPORTANT
303
00:16:52,519 --> 00:16:53,897
AND WHAT I'M EXPLAINING
TO PEOPLE
304
00:16:53,898 --> 00:16:55,716
IS, DO YOU WANT
THE PRESIDENT IMPEACHED?
305
00:16:55,724 --> 00:16:58,826
BECAUSE
THAT'S WHAT DEMOCRATS WANT.
306
00:16:58,827 --> 00:17:00,927
- HI, HOW ARE YOU, SIR?
- GOOD.
307
00:17:00,931 --> 00:17:03,378
JOHN, I'M NOT SURE IF YOU'VE
LOOKED AT THE BALLOT.
308
00:17:03,379 --> 00:17:04,379
NO, I HAVEN'T.
309
00:17:04,380 --> 00:17:05,829
THE DEMOCRATS HAVE,
FOR A LONG TIME,
310
00:17:05,830 --> 00:17:09,895
TRIED TO MAKE POLITICS AN ART
OF POLITICAL ASSASSINATION.
311
00:17:09,896 --> 00:17:11,826
THEY CALL US RACISTS.
THEY CALL US --
312
00:17:11,827 --> 00:17:13,447
THEY CALL US EVERYTHING
UNDER THE BOOK.
313
00:17:13,448 --> 00:17:16,338
THAT'S ONE OF THE REASONS
WE HAVE SUCH AFFINITY
314
00:17:16,344 --> 00:17:18,933
FOR PRESIDENT TRUMP
IS BECAUSE HE STANDS UP FOR US.
315
00:17:18,934 --> 00:17:21,691
WHEN A BULLY PUNCHES YOU,
YOU'VE GOT TO PUNCH BACK.
316
00:17:25,896 --> 00:17:28,476
THE DEMOCRATS GET THEIR NEWS
FROM THE MAINSTREAM MEDIA --
317
00:17:28,482 --> 00:17:31,619
NBC, ABC, CBS, MSNBC, CNN.
318
00:17:31,620 --> 00:17:34,654
MSNBC IS PRETTY MUCH
THE SOCIALIST CHANNEL.
319
00:17:34,655 --> 00:17:36,855
AND WE KNOW THIS,
THAT 93% OF THE STORIES
320
00:17:36,862 --> 00:17:38,762
ARE NEGATIVE AGAINST
THE PRESIDENT.
321
00:17:38,763 --> 00:17:40,718
THAT'S EXTREME BIAS.
322
00:17:40,724 --> 00:17:44,895
THEY HAVE BEEN THE CHAMPIONS OF
DIVISION IN THIS COUNTRY.
323
00:17:44,896 --> 00:17:47,616
WE HAPPEN TO BE TWO WHITE MEN,
AND SO WE'VE GOT TARGETS
324
00:17:47,620 --> 00:17:49,930
ON OUR BACK, IF YOU LISTEN
TO THEIR NETWORKS.
325
00:17:49,931 --> 00:17:52,999
THE BIGGEST TERROR THREAT
IN THIS COUNTRY
326
00:17:53,000 --> 00:17:57,619
IS WHITE MEN, MOST OF THEM
RADICALIZED TO THE RIGHT.
327
00:17:57,620 --> 00:18:00,658
LET'S NOT RELY ON THESE PEOPLE
TO DO OUR THINKING FOR US.
328
00:18:00,659 --> 00:18:03,515
IT CAUSES DIVISION AND DISTRUST,
AND THAT'S THE PROBLEM.
329
00:18:06,379 --> 00:18:09,719
REPUBLICANS, THEY JUST MIMIC
TRUMP'S WORDS,
330
00:18:09,724 --> 00:18:12,136
THAT, YOU KNOW,
WE'RE EVIL.
331
00:18:12,137 --> 00:18:14,447
THEY HATE US, IS HOW I FEEL.
332
00:18:14,448 --> 00:18:19,447
THEY DON'T CARE TO LISTEN TO US
ABOUT WHAT THE ISSUES ARE.
333
00:18:19,448 --> 00:18:22,138
THERE'S NO WAY WE'RE
GOING TO GET TOGETHER
334
00:18:22,139 --> 00:18:27,337
AND HAVE A REAL DISCUSSION
USING FACTS
335
00:18:27,344 --> 00:18:29,344
THAT'S GOING
TO MAKE A DIFFERENCE.
336
00:18:31,896 --> 00:18:34,136
ENVIRONMENTAL
IS MORE LIKE...
337
00:18:34,137 --> 00:18:36,097
CIVIC ENGAGEMENT
A LITTLE BIT.
338
00:18:36,103 --> 00:18:38,343
TONIGHT I'D LIKE
FOR THEM TO KNOW
339
00:18:38,344 --> 00:18:40,240
THAT IT'S IMPORTANT,
VITAL.
340
00:18:40,241 --> 00:18:43,411
YOU CAN'T TRUST
THE REPUBLICANS ANYMORE.
341
00:18:43,413 --> 00:18:45,723
THEY'RE JUST GOING
TO CONTINUE TO ERODE
342
00:18:45,724 --> 00:18:47,688
OUR CONSTITUTIONAL NORMS
343
00:18:47,689 --> 00:18:51,826
AND DECENCY OF DEMOCRATIC
EXCHANGE,
344
00:18:51,827 --> 00:18:55,547
BECOMING MORE AND MORE
TRUMP-LIKE.
345
00:18:55,551 --> 00:18:59,585
HOW CAN WE REACH ACROSS
THE AISLE RIGHT NOW.
346
00:18:59,586 --> 00:19:01,446
WE'RE AT BATTLE FOR OUR COUNTRY.
347
00:19:05,379 --> 00:19:09,409
GO ALONG AND PUT THEM
IN THE POT.
348
00:19:09,413 --> 00:19:13,688
WELCOME TO OUR SHRIMP BOIL
MEET AND GREET.
349
00:19:13,689 --> 00:19:15,654
I COULD NOT IMAGINE A JOB
350
00:19:15,655 --> 00:19:20,585
I'D WANT LESS THAN TO BE
A CANDIDATE FOR ELECTED OFFICE
351
00:19:20,586 --> 00:19:23,895
IN TODAY'S POLITICAL CLIMATE.
352
00:19:23,896 --> 00:19:28,654
IN 24 DAYS, I WILL CAST
MY VOTE AGAINST THE MOB.
353
00:19:28,655 --> 00:19:30,475
I HOPE YOU WILL ALSO.
354
00:19:36,137 --> 00:19:38,895
THE DEMOCRATS ARE OUT
TO DESTROY.
355
00:19:38,896 --> 00:19:42,856
THE DEMOCRATS
ARE DRIVEN BY HATE.
356
00:19:42,862 --> 00:19:45,142
WHEN CONSERVATIVES ARGUE
WITH A LIBERAL,
357
00:19:45,143 --> 00:19:48,337
WE THINK THEY'RE WRONG
OR THEY'RE FOOLISH.
358
00:19:48,344 --> 00:19:52,895
THEY THINK WE'RE EVIL,
AND THAT'S THE GREAT DIVIDE,
359
00:19:52,896 --> 00:19:54,336
I THINK.
360
00:19:54,344 --> 00:19:55,930
BUILD THAT WALL!
361
00:19:55,931 --> 00:19:57,411
BUILD THAT WALL!
362
00:19:57,413 --> 00:20:00,343
BUILD THAT WALL!
BUILD THAT WALL!
363
00:20:00,344 --> 00:20:01,964
BUILD THAT WALL!
364
00:20:06,068 --> 00:20:08,028
THE SOCIAL CAPITAL OF OUR NATION
365
00:20:08,034 --> 00:20:11,412
HAS BEEN ERODED
FROM POLARIZATION.
366
00:20:11,413 --> 00:20:14,242
RESEARCH RECENTLY FOUND THAT
PEOPLE DON'T WANT TO EVEN SPEND
367
00:20:14,243 --> 00:20:16,691
AS MUCH TIME AT THANKSGIVING
WITH THEIR FAMILIES
368
00:20:16,692 --> 00:20:20,447
IF THERE'S GOING TO BE
POLITICAL CONFLICT.
369
00:20:20,448 --> 00:20:22,788
PEOPLE ARE NOW LESS WILLING
TO DATE SOMEBODY
370
00:20:22,793 --> 00:20:24,691
FROM ANOTHER
POLITICAL PARTY
371
00:20:24,692 --> 00:20:26,895
THAN THEY ARE TO DATE SOMEBODY
FROM A DIFFERENT RACE,
372
00:20:26,896 --> 00:20:28,756
AND IF YOU THINK ABOUT
THE HISTORY OF THIS COUNTRY
373
00:20:28,758 --> 00:20:31,788
AND HOW MUCH AVERSION THERE
WAS TO INTERRACIAL MARRIAGE,
374
00:20:31,793 --> 00:20:35,693
YOU'VE SEEN A SEA CHANGE IN HOW
PEOPLE ARE CARVING UP THE WORLD
375
00:20:35,694 --> 00:20:37,859
AND WHAT DEFINES US AND THEM,
376
00:20:37,862 --> 00:20:39,722
AND THAT IS ACTUALLY
GOING TO CREATE
377
00:20:39,724 --> 00:20:42,004
EVEN MORE DIVISION OVER TIME.
378
00:20:47,862 --> 00:20:50,382
WE'VE SEEN HOW OUR TRIBAL
PSYCHOLOGY PLAYS OUT
379
00:20:50,383 --> 00:20:53,239
IN THESE PARTISAN POLITICS,
380
00:20:53,241 --> 00:20:57,619
BUT WHAT MAKES US END UP IN
ONE POLITICAL TRIBE OR ANOTHER?
381
00:20:57,620 --> 00:20:59,210
WHERE DOES THAT COME FROM?
382
00:21:02,379 --> 00:21:05,409
SO THERE'S RESEARCH
SHOWING THAT ABOUT 50%
383
00:21:05,413 --> 00:21:08,723
OF YOUR POLITICAL BELIEFS
ARE DETERMINED BY GENETICS,
384
00:21:08,724 --> 00:21:11,280
AND SO IF YOU SHARE
CERTAIN POLITICAL BELIEFS
385
00:21:11,281 --> 00:21:13,025
IN COMMON
WITH YOUR PARENTS,
386
00:21:13,034 --> 00:21:15,624
IT'S NOT BECAUSE YOUR PARENTS
RAISED YOU A CERTAIN WAY.
387
00:21:15,625 --> 00:21:18,757
IT'S BECAUSE YOU SHARE
THEIR BIOLOGY.
388
00:21:18,758 --> 00:21:20,718
WHAT HAPPENS IS THAT NUDGES
YOU TOWARD HAVING
389
00:21:20,724 --> 00:21:23,067
A CERTAIN TYPE OF PERSONALITY.
390
00:21:23,068 --> 00:21:24,478
BY VERY DEFINITION,
391
00:21:24,482 --> 00:21:27,447
CONSERVATIVES WANT
TO PRESERVE THE PAST
392
00:21:27,448 --> 00:21:30,858
WHEREAS LIBERALS WANT TO SHAKE
THAT UP AND CHANGE IT,
393
00:21:30,862 --> 00:21:33,072
SO THERE ARE
LEGITIMATE DIFFERENCES
394
00:21:33,073 --> 00:21:37,168
IN HOW THEY WANT
TO SEE SOCIETY,
395
00:21:37,172 --> 00:21:42,378
BUT THEN YOU START TO ADD
IN ENVIRONMENT, CULTURAL VALUES,
396
00:21:42,379 --> 00:21:45,619
MORALITY, INFORMATION
YOU'RE GETTING IN THE MEDIA
397
00:21:45,620 --> 00:21:46,898
AND FROM POLITICAL LEADERS.
398
00:21:46,899 --> 00:21:48,686
IF YOU GET IN THE RIGHT
FRIEND GROUP,
399
00:21:48,689 --> 00:21:50,789
YOU CAN GET NUDGED
AWAY FROM THIS.
400
00:21:50,793 --> 00:21:53,903
IT'S NOT DESTINY, PER SE,
BUT IT TURNS OUT TO ACCOUNT
401
00:21:53,904 --> 00:21:57,136
FOR A HUGE AMOUNT
OF YOUR POLITICAL PREFERENCES
402
00:21:57,137 --> 00:21:59,097
AS YOU GET OLDER
AND GROW INTO ADULTHOOD,
403
00:21:59,103 --> 00:22:00,552
BUT THERE'S A DARK SIDE TO IT,
404
00:22:00,553 --> 00:22:02,621
AND THE DARK SIDE
IS THAT OUR IDENTITIES
405
00:22:02,622 --> 00:22:07,447
CAN MAKE US POLARIZED AND TRIBAL
AND GUIDE US INTO CONFLICT.
406
00:22:07,448 --> 00:22:09,657
DON'T TOUCH HIM!
I SAID DON'T TOUCH ME, ****!
407
00:22:09,658 --> 00:22:10,964
YOU BETTER BE CAREFUL, MAN!
408
00:22:10,965 --> 00:22:13,274
EVERY TIME WE FIND OURSELF
AS A MEMBER OF A TRIBE,
409
00:22:13,275 --> 00:22:16,715
WE'RE GOING TO SEE THE WORLD
THROUGH A TRIBAL LENS.
410
00:22:16,724 --> 00:22:18,447
IT'S KIND OF LIKE ROSE-COLORED
GLASSES,
411
00:22:18,448 --> 00:22:20,338
BUT IT'S KIND OF
TRIBE-COLORED GLASSES, YOU KNOW?
412
00:22:20,344 --> 00:22:23,619
ONLY THE GOOD STUFF
FROM MY TRIBE GETS THROUGH.
413
00:22:23,620 --> 00:22:25,999
IT MEANS THERE ARE
NO OBJECTIVE FACTS.
414
00:22:26,000 --> 00:22:28,070
EVEN WHEN WE HAVE A FACT
ON THE GROUND,
415
00:22:28,071 --> 00:22:30,928
WE'RE NOT GOING TO SEE IT
THE SAME WAY,
416
00:22:30,931 --> 00:22:33,101
AND ONE OF THE MOST
FAMOUS RECENT EXAMPLES OF THIS
417
00:22:33,103 --> 00:22:36,003
CAME AFTER THE TRUMP ELECTION
WHEN THERE WAS A BIG DEBATE
418
00:22:36,004 --> 00:22:39,480
ABOUT A PICTURE
OF HOW MANY INDIVIDUALS
419
00:22:39,482 --> 00:22:43,171
WERE AT THE TRUMP INAUGURATION
OR THE OBAMA INAUGURATION.
420
00:22:43,172 --> 00:22:44,621
THIS WAS THE LARGEST AUDIENCE
421
00:22:44,622 --> 00:22:47,240
TO EVER WITNESS
AN INAUGURATION, PERIOD.
422
00:22:47,241 --> 00:22:48,721
THE PRESIDENT'S TEAM,
423
00:22:48,724 --> 00:22:50,933
ON SOMETHING VERY SIMPLE
AND STRAIGHTFORWARD,
424
00:22:50,934 --> 00:22:54,031
WANTS TO EMBRACE A FANTASY
RATHER THAN A REALITY.
425
00:22:54,034 --> 00:22:57,378
IF WE HIGHLY IDENTIFY
WITH A GROUP,
426
00:22:57,379 --> 00:23:01,619
WE COGNITIVELY DEFEND THEM
BY IGNORING INCONVENIENT FACTS
427
00:23:01,620 --> 00:23:03,309
THAT MAKE THE GROUP LOOK BAD.
428
00:23:03,310 --> 00:23:05,520
WE DIRECT OUR ATTENTION
TO SOURCES OF INFORMATION
429
00:23:05,521 --> 00:23:09,205
THAT TELL US
OUR GROUPS ARE POSITIVE.
430
00:23:09,206 --> 00:23:12,476
NOW, THIS IS A PROBLEM BECAUSE
OUR PREJUDICES AND HATE
431
00:23:12,482 --> 00:23:14,342
FOR ONE ANOTHER
AND FOR DIFFERENT GROUPS
432
00:23:14,344 --> 00:23:17,447
ACTUALLY MAKES US SUSCEPTIBLE
TO FAKE NEWS,
433
00:23:17,448 --> 00:23:21,516
TO PROPAGANDA, AND TO CONFLICT.
434
00:23:21,517 --> 00:23:24,477
ONE CHANGE THAT IS
ALMOST PERFECTLY
435
00:23:24,482 --> 00:23:26,032
COINCIDENTAL WITH THIS TREND
436
00:23:26,034 --> 00:23:28,723
ABOUT INCREASING POLARIZATION
IS, OF COURSE, TECHNOLOGY.
437
00:23:28,724 --> 00:23:31,102
SO THE INTERNET,
THE BLOGOSPHERE,
438
00:23:31,103 --> 00:23:34,723
24/7 NEWS CHANNELS
HAS NOW MADE IT EASY
439
00:23:34,724 --> 00:23:38,792
FOR PARTISANS TO TUNE IN
TO PEOPLE THAT THEY AGREE WITH.
440
00:23:38,793 --> 00:23:42,136
THE ALT RADICAL LEFT PROPAGANDA
MEDIA HAS CREATED
441
00:23:42,137 --> 00:23:45,447
WHAT I CALL AN INFORMATIONAL
CRISIS IN THIS COUNTRY,
442
00:23:45,448 --> 00:23:47,338
AND THEY CAN
NO LONGER BE TRUSTED.
443
00:23:47,344 --> 00:23:49,414
THIS IS ONE OF THOSE DAYS WHERE
WHAT HAPPENED TODAY IN POLITICS
444
00:23:49,415 --> 00:23:51,312
MEANS SOMETHING
TOTALLY DIFFERENT
445
00:23:51,313 --> 00:23:54,205
TO THE PORTION OF AMERICANS
WHO WATCH FOX NEWS
446
00:23:54,206 --> 00:23:55,546
THAN IT DOES TO
EVERYBODY ELSE IN THE COUNTRY.
447
00:23:55,551 --> 00:23:58,001
THEY'RE OFFERING MORE
VITRIOLIC COMMENTARY,
448
00:23:58,002 --> 00:24:01,860
AND THEY'RE OFFERING,
YOU KNOW, REALLY HARSH COVERAGE.
449
00:24:01,862 --> 00:24:05,378
PEOPLE ARE MISINFORMED
ABOUT THE OTHER SIDE,
450
00:24:05,379 --> 00:24:08,279
AND AT SOME POINT IT HAS TO ADD
TO THE ANIMOSITY
451
00:24:08,280 --> 00:24:12,205
AND THE HOSTILITY BEING
EXPRESSED BY ORDINARY CITIZENS.
452
00:24:12,206 --> 00:24:14,895
NEWS MEDIA IS USING
ASPECTS OF OUR PSYCHOLOGY,
453
00:24:14,896 --> 00:24:18,786
YOU KNOW, THE FACT THAT WE ARE
SO TRIBAL, TO MAKE MONEY.
454
00:24:18,793 --> 00:24:20,659
WE NATURALLY GRAVITATE
TO INFORMATION
455
00:24:20,660 --> 00:24:23,475
THAT CONFIRMS WHAT OUR GROUP
ALREADY BELIEVES,
456
00:24:23,482 --> 00:24:27,381
SO THE MEDIA CAN PROFIT BY
FEEDING US WHAT WE WANT TO SEE.
457
00:24:27,382 --> 00:24:29,409
THERE IS AN INCENTIVE STRUCTURE
OUT THERE
458
00:24:29,413 --> 00:24:31,412
TO KEEP US SO POLARIZED.
459
00:24:34,482 --> 00:24:36,342
PARTISANSHIP IN
THE UNITED STATES
460
00:24:36,344 --> 00:24:38,692
HAS INTENSIFIED OVER
THE PAST 30 YEARS.
461
00:24:38,693 --> 00:24:40,138
PEOPLE HAVE GOT TO KNOW
462
00:24:40,139 --> 00:24:42,377
WHETHER OR NOT THEIR PRESIDENT
IS A CROOK.
463
00:24:42,379 --> 00:24:45,585
WELL, I AM NOT A CROOK.
464
00:24:45,586 --> 00:24:48,136
LET'S DO
A HISTORICAL COMPARISON.
465
00:24:48,137 --> 00:24:52,654
IN 1974, RICHARD NIXON HAD TO
RESIGN BECAUSE OF WATERGATE.
466
00:24:52,655 --> 00:24:54,855
"THE WASHINGTON POST"
BROKE THAT STORY,
467
00:24:54,862 --> 00:24:56,792
AND DEMOCRATS AND REPUBLICANS
468
00:24:56,793 --> 00:24:59,792
ACCEPTED THAT THERE HAD BEEN
SOME WRONGDOING.
469
00:24:59,793 --> 00:25:02,312
AND THAT'S WHAT REALLY
GOT NIXON TO RESIGN,
470
00:25:02,313 --> 00:25:05,480
BECAUSE HE'D REALIZED THERE WAS
A CONSENSUS OVER THE FACTS.
471
00:25:05,482 --> 00:25:09,209
I SHALL RESIGN THE PRESIDENCY
EFFECTIVE AT NOON TOMORROW.
472
00:25:09,210 --> 00:25:11,306
VICE-PRESIDENT FORD
WILL BE SWORN IN
473
00:25:11,310 --> 00:25:13,660
AS PRESIDENT AT THAT HOUR
IN THIS OFFICE.
474
00:25:13,661 --> 00:25:17,445
TODAY, PEOPLE ARE GOING
TO DENY FACTS
475
00:25:17,448 --> 00:25:19,828
THAT THREATEN THEIR OWN
POLITICAL SIDE, THEIR OWN TEAM.
476
00:25:19,829 --> 00:25:21,656
YOU'RE SAYING
IT'S A FALSEHOOD,
477
00:25:21,657 --> 00:25:24,405
AND THEY'RE GIVING SEAN SPICER,
OUR PRESS SECRETARY,
478
00:25:24,413 --> 00:25:27,033
GAVE ALTERNATIVE FACTS
TO THAT.
479
00:25:27,034 --> 00:25:29,414
LOOK, ALTERNATIVE FACTS
ARE NOT FACTS.
480
00:25:29,415 --> 00:25:32,033
ONE OF THE VERY FIRST THINGS
THAT ANY FASCIST SHOULD DO
481
00:25:32,034 --> 00:25:33,660
IS CUT YOU OFF FROM REALITY,
482
00:25:33,661 --> 00:25:36,615
IS TO GET YOU TO DISTRUST
SOURCES OF INFORMATION
483
00:25:36,620 --> 00:25:39,140
THAT ARE TRUE,
AND THEN THEY CAN CONTROL YOU.
484
00:25:39,141 --> 00:25:41,687
FAKE NEWS.
FAKE NEWS.
485
00:25:41,689 --> 00:25:44,999
HOW FAKE --
HOW FAKE ARE THEY?
486
00:25:45,000 --> 00:25:47,208
AND ONCE A LEADER HAS
REDEFINED REALITY
487
00:25:47,209 --> 00:25:50,826
SO THAT FACTS NO LONGER MATTER,
THEY CAN ENCOURAGE THEIR TRIBE
488
00:25:50,827 --> 00:25:54,136
TO SEE CHALLENGES TO THEIR
BELIEF SYSTEM AS A THREAT.
489
00:25:54,137 --> 00:25:56,927
WHAT WE FACE THEN IS NOT
SIMPLY POLARIZATION
490
00:25:56,931 --> 00:26:00,761
BUT A SITUATION WHERE ONE GROUP
IS MORE LIKELY TO ENDANGER
491
00:26:00,762 --> 00:26:04,788
OUR DEMOCRATIC INSTITUTIONS
OR WORSE.
492
00:26:04,793 --> 00:26:07,691
THIS IS WHAT WE'RE SEEING
IN AMERICA TODAY.
493
00:26:07,692 --> 00:26:10,479
WHEN WE ONLY AFFILIATE
WITH THE IN-GROUP
494
00:26:10,482 --> 00:26:12,342
AND HAVE NO CONTACT
WITH THE OUT-GROUP,
495
00:26:12,344 --> 00:26:15,243
WHEN THE OUT-GROUP BECOMES
THIS SORT OF FICTITIOUS ENEMY
496
00:26:15,244 --> 00:26:17,240
THAT ONLY DOES
HORRIBLE THINGS,
497
00:26:17,241 --> 00:26:19,690
I THINK ONE WORRY ABOUT
THE CURRENT MEDIA THAT WE HAVE,
498
00:26:19,691 --> 00:26:21,619
PARTICULARLY SOCIAL MEDIA
AND SO ON,
499
00:26:21,620 --> 00:26:23,759
IS THAT WE CAN WIND UP
IN THESE ECHO CHAMBERS
500
00:26:23,760 --> 00:26:26,968
WHERE WE'RE ONLY TALKING TO
OTHER MEMBERS OF OUR IN-GROUP.
501
00:26:31,724 --> 00:26:33,723
WE'RE STARTING TO SEE
REALLY GOOD RESEARCH
502
00:26:33,724 --> 00:26:36,004
SHOWING THAT FACEBOOK
AND SOCIAL MEDIA
503
00:26:36,005 --> 00:26:38,999
MAKES YOU SEEK
COMFORT AND SECURITY
504
00:26:39,000 --> 00:26:41,585
IN YOUR PARTISAN IDENTITY,
505
00:26:41,586 --> 00:26:43,786
WHICH MEANS THAT YOU'RE MORE
SUSCEPTIBLE TO THE IDEA
506
00:26:43,793 --> 00:26:48,343
THAT THE OTHER PARTY'S FOLLOWERS
ARE NOT JUST BAD PEOPLE
507
00:26:48,344 --> 00:26:50,343
BUT A THREAT TO YOU PERSONALLY
508
00:26:50,344 --> 00:26:52,524
AND THAT THAT WILL JUSTIFY
EXTREME ACTION
509
00:26:52,525 --> 00:26:55,654
TO KEEP THEM OUT OF POWER.
510
00:26:55,655 --> 00:26:58,654
ON FACEBOOK,
THERE'S NO REGULATORS
511
00:26:58,655 --> 00:27:01,335
MAKING SURE THAT EVERYONE
HAS ACCURATE INFORMATION.
512
00:27:04,310 --> 00:27:06,030
WE THINK OF FACEBOOK AS JUST,
513
00:27:06,034 --> 00:27:08,692
"OH, IT'S WHATEVER OUR FRIENDS
ARE SHARING,"
514
00:27:08,693 --> 00:27:11,239
WHICH YOU NATURALLY TRUST,
BUT IT IS NOT.
515
00:27:11,241 --> 00:27:13,591
THE MORE THAT YOU ARE SPENDING
TIME ON THEIR SITE,
516
00:27:13,592 --> 00:27:17,026
THE MORE THEY CAN PUT ADS
IN FRONT OF YOU.
517
00:27:17,034 --> 00:27:19,974
THE ALGORITHM DELIVERS
WHATEVER CONTENT TO YOU
518
00:27:19,975 --> 00:27:22,995
THEY BELIEVE WILL DRAW
THE MOST ENGAGEMENT.
519
00:27:23,000 --> 00:27:26,520
ANY CONTENT THAT TOUCHES
ON NEGATIVE PRIMAL EMOTIONS
520
00:27:26,521 --> 00:27:28,407
LIKE ANGER OR FEAR
521
00:27:28,413 --> 00:27:33,412
OR ANYTHING THAT TOUCHES
ON A SENSE OF TRIBALISM.
522
00:27:33,413 --> 00:27:35,381
WE KNOW THAT WHEN PEOPLE
ARE ISOLATED
523
00:27:35,382 --> 00:27:36,619
INTO A LIKE-MINDED GROUP
524
00:27:36,620 --> 00:27:39,449
THAT THEIR OPINIONS
TEND TO GET MORE EXTREME,
525
00:27:39,450 --> 00:27:42,998
AND THEY TEND TO BE MORE FEARFUL
OF AND HOSTILE TOWARDS PEOPLE
526
00:27:43,000 --> 00:27:45,410
WHO ARE NOT IN THAT GROUP,
527
00:27:45,413 --> 00:27:48,381
THE FACEBOOK ALGORITHM
IS NOT EVIL IN AND OF ITSELF.
528
00:27:48,382 --> 00:27:50,449
IT'S A PRETTY SIMPLE IDEA,
RIGHT?
529
00:27:50,450 --> 00:27:53,208
SERVE PEOPLE THE CONTENT
THAT THEY WANT TO SEE.
530
00:27:53,209 --> 00:27:57,616
BUT THE THING IS THAT WE HAVE
THESE BASE TENDENCIES AND URGES
531
00:27:57,620 --> 00:28:00,205
THAT MODERN SOCIETY IS DESIGNED
532
00:28:00,206 --> 00:28:03,476
TO HELP US CONTAIN
AND MANAGE AND WORK AROUND.
533
00:28:03,482 --> 00:28:05,481
AND THIS FACEBOOK ALGORITHM
534
00:28:05,482 --> 00:28:09,826
IS PERFECTLY DESIGNED TO JUST
BYPASS ALL OF THOSE INSTITUTIONS
535
00:28:09,827 --> 00:28:11,516
THAT ARE SUPPOSED TO MANAGE THAT
536
00:28:11,517 --> 00:28:16,027
AND JUST BRING ALL OF THOSE
URGES OUT.
537
00:28:16,034 --> 00:28:17,794
AND WHAT WE ARE NOW
BEGINNING TO UNDERSTAND
538
00:28:17,795 --> 00:28:19,451
IS THAT IT DOESN'T JUST LEAD
TO PEOPLE
539
00:28:19,452 --> 00:28:22,718
SAYING NASTY THINGS ON FACEBOOK,
BUT IT ACTUALLY MAKES PEOPLE
540
00:28:22,724 --> 00:28:26,694
SIGNIFICANTLY MORE PRONE
TO REAL-WORLD VIOLENCE.
541
00:28:29,827 --> 00:28:32,447
THERE IS A STUDY THAT TRACKED
542
00:28:32,448 --> 00:28:35,585
EVERY SINGLE ANTI-REFUGEE ATTACK
IN GERMANY...
543
00:28:38,310 --> 00:28:42,619
AND WHAT THEY FOUND IS THAT
TOWNS WHERE PEOPLE USED FACEBOOK
544
00:28:42,620 --> 00:28:45,030
SIGNIFICANTLY MORE THAN AVERAGE
545
00:28:45,034 --> 00:28:48,964
HAD 50% MORE ATTACKS
ON REFUGEES.
546
00:28:59,172 --> 00:29:01,861
IN CENTRAL MYANMAR,
MUSLIMS ARE BEING SET UPON
547
00:29:01,862 --> 00:29:05,654
BY RAGING MOBS OF NORMALLY
PEACE-LOVING BUDDHISTS.
548
00:29:05,655 --> 00:29:09,964
AND IN MYANMAR, WHERE EVERYBODY
USES FACEBOOK AS THEIR PRIMARY
549
00:29:09,965 --> 00:29:12,964
MEANS FOR GATHERING NEWS,
550
00:29:12,965 --> 00:29:17,755
FACEBOOK PLAYED A ROLE
IN A MODERN ACT OF GENOCIDE.
551
00:29:17,758 --> 00:29:23,447
IN EARLY 2016, A FAR-RIGHT
BUDDHIST EXTREMIST IN MYANMAR
552
00:29:23,448 --> 00:29:26,757
NAMED WIRA THU
POSTED A FAKE VIDEO
553
00:29:26,758 --> 00:29:30,718
ABOUT A STAGED RAPE
OF A BUDDHIST WOMAN
554
00:29:30,724 --> 00:29:32,104
BY A BUNCH OF MUSLIM MEN
555
00:29:32,105 --> 00:29:35,136
TO CONVEY
TO THE BUDDHIST MAJORITY
556
00:29:35,137 --> 00:29:37,237
THAT THEY THOUGHT THEY WERE
UNDER THIS TERRIFYING THREAT
557
00:29:37,241 --> 00:29:39,481
FROM MUSLIMS.
558
00:29:39,482 --> 00:29:42,212
I MEAN, I THINK IT HAD MAYBE
HUNDREDS OF THOUSANDS OF VIEWS
559
00:29:42,213 --> 00:29:44,756
BY THE TIME IT WAS TAKEN DOWN,
560
00:29:44,758 --> 00:29:48,516
AND PEOPLE HAVE STARTED
TO REALLY BELIEVE IT.
561
00:29:48,517 --> 00:29:52,927
BUDDHISTS WENT OUT
AND RIOTED ALMOST IMMEDIATELY,
562
00:29:52,931 --> 00:29:54,521
AND THAT REALLY HELPS
TO PAVE THE WAY
563
00:29:54,522 --> 00:29:58,337
FOR THE GENOCIDE OF ROHINGYA,
WHO ARE A MUSLIM MINORITY
564
00:29:58,344 --> 00:30:01,664
IN THE WESTERN PART OF
THE COUNTRY, IN 2017 AND 2018.
565
00:31:02,379 --> 00:31:04,657
THIS WAS SUPPOSED TO BE
A LIBERATING PLATFORM,
566
00:31:04,658 --> 00:31:06,545
AND IT UNLEASHED
WHAT IS LITERALLY
567
00:31:06,551 --> 00:31:09,141
THE VERY WORST
HUMAN TENDENCY.
568
00:31:11,793 --> 00:31:15,792
GROUP IDENTITY IS REALLY
POWERFUL IN ALL MEDIUMS,
569
00:31:15,793 --> 00:31:17,973
AND THERE IS NOTHING
THAT WILL ACTIVATE
570
00:31:17,974 --> 00:31:24,095
THAT LIKE HAVING OUTSIDERS TO BE
FEARFUL OF AND ANGRY TOWARDS.
571
00:31:24,103 --> 00:31:26,283
IT'S REALLY ONE OF THE MOST
POWERFUL FEELINGS
572
00:31:26,284 --> 00:31:27,895
THAT WE CAN HAVE.
573
00:31:31,379 --> 00:31:32,516
YOU'VE GOT UPPER.
574
00:31:32,517 --> 00:31:34,167
ALL RIGHT, SO WE'RE GOING
TO GO ON...
575
00:31:34,172 --> 00:31:36,136
OKAY.
576
00:31:36,137 --> 00:31:38,097
YOU CAN LOOK BACK
TO ALL OF THE WARS,
577
00:31:38,103 --> 00:31:40,242
ALL OF THE CONFLICTS
WE'VE SEEN OVER HUMAN HISTORY,
578
00:31:40,243 --> 00:31:42,380
LIKE, OVER
THE LONG HUMAN HISTORY,
579
00:31:42,381 --> 00:31:46,138
AND IN EACH CASE, WHAT WE FIND
IS GROUP IDENTITY IS AT WORK,
580
00:31:46,139 --> 00:31:48,687
AND IT'S ALLOWING NORMALLY
EMPATHIC HUMANS
581
00:31:48,689 --> 00:31:50,169
TO DO SOME HORRIBLE STUFF
582
00:31:50,172 --> 00:31:54,516
TO OTHER MEMBERS
OF OUR OWN SPECIES.
583
00:31:54,517 --> 00:31:56,027
THE CONFLICTS BETWEEN, SAY,
584
00:31:56,034 --> 00:31:58,619
BUDDHISTS AND ROHINGYA
IN MYANMAR,
585
00:31:58,620 --> 00:32:01,826
BETWEEN CATHOLICS
AND PROTESTANTS IN IRELAND,
586
00:32:01,827 --> 00:32:04,167
ISRAELIS AND PALESTINIANS,
587
00:32:04,172 --> 00:32:07,209
EACH HAVE THEIR OWN UNIQUE
AND COMPLICATED HISTORY,
588
00:32:07,210 --> 00:32:10,066
BUT IN EACH CASE, THERE'S
A CLEAR ASYMMETRY OF POWER
589
00:32:10,068 --> 00:32:11,718
BETWEEN THE TWO SIDES.
590
00:32:11,724 --> 00:32:13,761
THERE ARE ALSO A LOT
OF PSYCHOLOGICAL PROCESSES
591
00:32:13,762 --> 00:32:16,238
THAT ARE VERY COMMON
ACROSS CONFLICTS.
592
00:32:19,000 --> 00:32:22,759
WE TEND TO THINK THAT OUR
ACTIONS AGAINST THE OTHER SIDE
593
00:32:22,760 --> 00:32:25,238
ARE MOTIVATED BY LOVE
FOR OUR PEOPLE,
594
00:32:25,241 --> 00:32:27,831
WHEREAS THEIR ACTIONS AGAINST US
ARE MOTIVATED
595
00:32:27,832 --> 00:32:30,097
BY HATE TOWARDS US.
RIGHT?
596
00:32:30,103 --> 00:32:33,309
AND SO IF YOU'RE VIEWING
THE WORLD IN THIS WAY,
597
00:32:33,310 --> 00:32:36,240
THEN YOU CAN EASILY SEE
HOW YOU WOULD ESSENTIALIZE THEM
598
00:32:36,241 --> 00:32:39,619
AS, LIKE,
INHERENTLY VIOLENT AND VILE
599
00:32:39,620 --> 00:32:43,278
AND ESSENTIALIZE YOUR OWN GROUP
AS INHERENTLY VIRTUOUS,
600
00:32:43,279 --> 00:32:46,405
AND THIS CAN LEAD
TO ALL SORTS OF OTHER BIASES.
601
00:32:46,413 --> 00:32:49,173
WE DON'T SEE THE INJUSTICE
TO THE OTHER SIDE.
602
00:32:49,174 --> 00:32:51,792
WE SEE THE INJUSTICE
TO OUR SIDE,
603
00:32:51,793 --> 00:32:54,619
SO ONE GROUP CAN CLEARLY
HAVE MORE POWER,
604
00:32:54,620 --> 00:32:58,340
BUT THEY CAN STILL FEEL
LIKE THEY'RE BEING VICTIMIZED.
605
00:32:58,344 --> 00:33:01,624
IN MAY OF 1948,
A NEW JEWISH STATE, ISRAEL,
606
00:33:01,625 --> 00:33:04,100
WAS BORN IN A BATH OF BLOOD.
607
00:33:04,103 --> 00:33:07,242
WHEN ISRAEL WAS CREATED
JUST TWO YEARS AFTER THE HOLOCAUST,
608
00:33:07,243 --> 00:33:10,550
MANY ARAB PALESTINIANS FLED
OR WERE EXPELLED FROM THE LAND
609
00:33:10,551 --> 00:33:13,721
WHERE THEIR FAMILIES
HAD LIVED FOR GENERATIONS,
610
00:33:13,724 --> 00:33:18,067
SETTING IN MOTION A CONFLICT
OVER LAND AND NATIONAL RIGHTS
611
00:33:18,068 --> 00:33:21,238
THAT REMAINS UNRESOLVED
TO THIS DAY.
612
00:33:21,241 --> 00:33:26,826
THE ISRAELI/PALESTINIAN CONFLICT
IS DEEPLY TRAGIC AND DIFFICULT.
613
00:33:26,827 --> 00:33:29,097
THERE'S A CLEAR ASYMMETRY.
614
00:33:29,103 --> 00:33:31,693
ISRAEL HAS ONE OF THE MOST
POWERFUL MILITARIES
615
00:33:31,694 --> 00:33:33,067
IN THE WORLD.
616
00:33:33,068 --> 00:33:35,308
PALESTINIANS HAVE NOTHING.
617
00:33:35,310 --> 00:33:38,757
THEIR LIVES ARE
COMPLETELY CONTROLLED.
618
00:33:38,758 --> 00:33:41,897
YOU KNOW, IT'S A CAULDRON OF
THE PSYCHOLOGICAL PROCESSES
619
00:33:41,898 --> 00:33:45,686
THAT DRIVE CONFLICT ALL IN THIS
ONE TINY LITTLE SPOT OF LAND,
620
00:33:45,689 --> 00:33:47,719
AND SO WE'RE NOT GOING
TO MAKE A JUDGMENT
621
00:33:47,724 --> 00:33:49,660
ABOUT WHAT NARRATIVE IS RIGHT.
622
00:33:49,661 --> 00:33:51,995
WE'RE JUST GOING TO TELL YOU
WHAT THE NARRATIVES ARE
623
00:33:52,000 --> 00:33:54,140
AND WHAT PSYCHOLOGIES
THEY DRIVE.
624
00:33:54,141 --> 00:33:57,205
PALESTINIANS SAY ALL THESE
WESTERN POWERS
625
00:33:57,206 --> 00:34:00,066
DECIDED, WITHOUT
OUR CONSENT AT ALL,
626
00:34:00,068 --> 00:34:02,338
THAT THEY WERE GOING
TO ALLOW THIS GROUP
627
00:34:02,344 --> 00:34:05,214
TO BASICALLY COLONIZE
OUR LAND AND TAKE IT,
628
00:34:05,215 --> 00:34:07,964
AND WHEN WE RESISTED,
THEY KILLED US
629
00:34:07,965 --> 00:34:09,925
AND TOOK EVEN
MORE OF OUR LAND.
630
00:34:13,517 --> 00:34:16,516
BUT ON THE OTHER HAND,
ISRAELI PSYCHOLOGY IS DRIVEN
631
00:34:16,517 --> 00:34:22,477
BY THE PREVIOUS ASSAULTS ON
JUDAISM GOING BACK IN HISTORY.
632
00:34:22,482 --> 00:34:24,516
FROM AN ISRAELI PERSPECTIVE,
633
00:34:24,517 --> 00:34:27,067
THEY'RE A TINY, LITTLE COUNTRY
SURROUNDED BY COUNTRIES
634
00:34:27,068 --> 00:34:28,788
THAT HAVE ATTACKED THEM
IN THE PAST...
635
00:34:28,793 --> 00:34:31,792
HAMAS, A GROUP SWORN
TO DESTROY ISRAEL
636
00:34:31,793 --> 00:34:33,553
AND LISTED BY THE UNITED STATES
637
00:34:33,554 --> 00:34:36,688
AS A TERRORIST GROUP,
WON A LANDSLIDE VICTORY.
638
00:34:36,689 --> 00:34:39,069
...AND THEY FEEL LIKE
THEY HAVE THE RHETORIC
639
00:34:39,070 --> 00:34:40,964
COMING FROM PALESTINIANS
640
00:34:40,965 --> 00:34:43,545
THAT THEY'RE GOING TO BE
DRIVEN INTO THE SEA.
641
00:34:43,551 --> 00:34:47,031
THE ISLAMIST MILITANT
GROUP REFUSES TO RECOGNIZE
642
00:34:47,034 --> 00:34:48,688
ISRAEL'S RIGHT TO EXIST.
643
00:34:48,689 --> 00:34:52,309
ISRAEL HAS TO CONFRONT
THE THREAT OF ISLAMIC TERROR
644
00:34:52,310 --> 00:34:54,410
ON A DAILY BASIS.
645
00:34:54,413 --> 00:34:57,412
AND WHAT YOU HAVE THEN IS WHAT
WE CALL IN THE FIELD
646
00:34:57,413 --> 00:34:59,033
COMPETITIVE VICTIMHOOD --
647
00:34:59,034 --> 00:35:01,590
THAT BOTH SIDES
FEEL LIKE THEY'RE THE VICTIM.
648
00:35:01,591 --> 00:35:04,336
BOTH SIDES FEEL LIKE
THEY ARE THE UNDERDOG.
649
00:35:04,344 --> 00:35:06,654
AND IT'S ESPECIALLY
TRUE IN GAZA,
650
00:35:06,655 --> 00:35:08,615
WHERE A HEAVILY FORTIFIED
BORDER FENCE
651
00:35:08,620 --> 00:35:11,410
SEPARATES A POPULATION
OF TWO MILLION PALESTINIANS
652
00:35:11,413 --> 00:35:13,903
FROM THEIR ISRAELI NEIGHBORS
ON THE OTHER SIDE.
653
00:35:25,103 --> 00:35:28,964
WE'RE IN NETIV HAASARA,
AN AGRICULTURAL VILLAGE,
654
00:35:28,965 --> 00:35:33,065
THE CLOSEST VILLAGE,
IN FACT, TO THE GAZA STRIP.
655
00:35:33,068 --> 00:35:36,585
WE FIRST SETTLED HERE IN 1982.
656
00:35:36,586 --> 00:35:39,096
FOR THE PAST OVER 12 YEARS,
657
00:35:39,103 --> 00:35:43,274
I'VE BEEN LIVING
UNDER THIS CONSTANT THREAT.
658
00:35:43,275 --> 00:35:47,274
ON THE FAR LEFT, THE HOUSES
YOU SEE ON THE HORIZON,
659
00:35:47,275 --> 00:35:49,515
THAT'S GAZA CITY,
660
00:35:49,517 --> 00:35:53,757
AND THIS IS ONE OF THE WALLS
THAT SEPARATES US FROM GAZA.
661
00:35:56,482 --> 00:36:00,999
MISSILES AND ROCKETS
AND MORTAR SHELLS,
662
00:36:01,000 --> 00:36:05,619
RETALIATION AFTER RETALIATION
OF WAR AFTER WAR,
663
00:36:05,620 --> 00:36:08,688
EACH ONE WORSE THAN THE OTHER.
664
00:36:08,689 --> 00:36:13,169
RIGHT BEHIND THAT, THOSE ARE
MILITARY HAMAS HEADQUARTERS,
665
00:36:13,172 --> 00:36:16,792
AND WE HEAR THE HAMAS TRAINING
THERE DAY AND NIGHT.
666
00:36:16,793 --> 00:36:18,071
WE OFTEN GET A MESSAGE,
667
00:36:18,072 --> 00:36:19,788
A TEXT MESSAGE ON OUR PHONES
SAYING,
668
00:36:19,793 --> 00:36:22,343
"DON'T WORRY.
THEY'RE ONLY TRAINING."
669
00:36:22,344 --> 00:36:23,974
THAT'S WHEN I BEGIN TO WORRY.
670
00:36:26,241 --> 00:36:31,447
MY DAUGHTER'S BEST FRIEND
WAS KILLED BY A MISSILE,
671
00:36:31,448 --> 00:36:35,308
RUNNING TO THE SHELTER AND NOT
MANAGING TO GET THERE IN TIME.
672
00:36:37,310 --> 00:36:42,100
THE PAIN OF THAT ONE GIRL
WHO WAS KILLED IS WITH US TODAY,
673
00:36:42,103 --> 00:36:44,723
IS WITH MY DAUGHTER
YEAR AFTER YEAR.
674
00:36:47,000 --> 00:36:52,067
THIS IS A SAFE ROOM THAT WE HAVE
15 SECONDS TO RUN INTO
675
00:36:52,068 --> 00:36:53,688
WHEN THERE'S AN ALERT.
676
00:36:56,551 --> 00:36:58,861
CHILDREN HERE IN ISRAEL GROW UP
677
00:36:58,862 --> 00:37:02,930
NOT SEEING CHILDREN
ON THE OTHER SIDE.
678
00:37:02,931 --> 00:37:08,654
WE HAVE NO IDEA WHAT THOSE
PEOPLE LOOK LIKE, HOW THEY FEEL.
679
00:37:08,655 --> 00:37:11,335
WE DON'T WANT TO KNOW.
680
00:37:11,344 --> 00:37:15,033
WE DON'T SEE ONE ANOTHER
AS PEOPLE.
681
00:38:54,413 --> 00:38:55,761
IN JUST A FEW HOURS,
682
00:38:55,762 --> 00:38:58,587
THE U.S. WILL OPEN ITS EMBASSY
IN JERUSALEM.
683
00:38:58,588 --> 00:39:01,826
WE HAVE SHOWN THAT
THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA
684
00:39:01,827 --> 00:39:04,447
WILL DO WHAT'S RIGHT,
AND SO WE HAVE.
685
00:39:04,448 --> 00:39:09,548
JERUSALEM IS AT THE HEART
OF THE ISRAELI/PALESTINIAN CONFLICT.
686
00:39:09,551 --> 00:39:12,141
IT'S A HOLY CITY
AND THE DECLARED CAPITAL
687
00:39:12,142 --> 00:39:15,167
FOR BOTH ISRAELIS
AND PALESTINIANS.
688
00:39:15,172 --> 00:39:17,832
RECOGNIZING
JERUSALEM AS ISRAEL'S CAPITAL
689
00:39:17,833 --> 00:39:20,337
HAS INFURIATED
THE PALESTINIANS.
690
00:39:20,344 --> 00:39:22,454
THE ISRAELI
MILITARY SAYS IT IS BRACING
691
00:39:22,455 --> 00:39:26,688
FOR UP TO 100,000 PROTESTERS
RIGHT ALONG THE GAZA BORDER.
692
00:40:21,103 --> 00:40:22,863
ON THE DAY
OF THE U.S. EMBASSY MOVE,
693
00:40:22,864 --> 00:40:24,659
THE CASUALTIES SUFFERED
ON EACH SIDE
694
00:40:24,660 --> 00:40:26,545
WERE HUGELY DISPROPORTIONATE.
695
00:40:26,551 --> 00:40:28,861
HOW DID THE ISRAELI
MILITARY FEEL JUSTIFIED
696
00:40:28,862 --> 00:40:30,972
IN RESPONDING
WITH SO MUCH FORCE?
697
00:40:33,103 --> 00:40:35,663
I THINK THIS SITUATION
CAN GIVE US A LENS
698
00:40:35,664 --> 00:40:37,785
INTO TRIBALISM OVER TIME
699
00:40:37,793 --> 00:40:40,283
AND HOW THE END RESULT
CAN LOOK SO IRRATIONAL.
700
00:40:43,413 --> 00:40:47,792
THE VICTIMHOOD IS DRIVEN
BY WHEN THE NARRATIVE STARTS.
701
00:40:47,793 --> 00:40:50,900
IF YOU START THE STORY
WITH THIS DISPROPORTIONATE
702
00:40:50,901 --> 00:40:53,306
KILLING OF GAZANS
WHO ARE PROTESTING,
703
00:40:53,310 --> 00:40:55,898
YOU'VE ESTABLISHED
THAT'S WHERE WE START THE CLOCK,
704
00:40:55,899 --> 00:40:57,476
AND THAT'S WHERE WE MAKE
THE JUDGMENT,
705
00:40:57,482 --> 00:40:59,450
WHEREAS, YOU KNOW,
ISRAELIS WOULD SAY,
706
00:40:59,451 --> 00:41:02,067
"WELL, WHY DON'T YOU START
THE CLOCK AT THE HOLOCAUST,
707
00:41:02,068 --> 00:41:05,408
AND LET'S GO FORWARD FROM THERE
AND SEE WHAT YOU SAY THEN?"
708
00:41:05,413 --> 00:41:10,792
THERE'S A CLEAR MENTALITY THAT
"WE ARE AT ONE OF THE ONLY TIMES
709
00:41:10,793 --> 00:41:12,659
WHERE WE HAVE THE POWER
TO PROTECT OURSELVES.
710
00:41:12,660 --> 00:41:14,585
WE HAVE NOT DONE IT IN THE PAST,
711
00:41:14,586 --> 00:41:16,756
AND SO WE'RE NOT GOING
TO MAKE THAT MISTAKE AGAIN."
712
00:41:16,758 --> 00:41:20,928
THE PSYCHOLOGY OF VICTIMHOOD
AND FEAR AND THREAT IS SO STRONG
713
00:41:20,931 --> 00:41:22,378
THAT YOU CAN IGNORE
714
00:41:22,379 --> 00:41:26,067
SOMETHING YOUR GROUP DID
THAT IS SO OBVIOUSLY AWFUL,
715
00:41:26,068 --> 00:41:28,964
AND THAT'S TRUE
OF EVERY CONFLICT.
716
00:41:28,965 --> 00:41:30,715
PSYCHOLOGY
IS ALL ABOUT PERCEPTION.
717
00:41:30,724 --> 00:41:33,102
IT HAS NOTHING TO DO
WITH REALITY,
718
00:41:33,103 --> 00:41:36,313
AND SO YOU CAN HAVE PEOPLE
WHO HAVE A LOT OF POWER
719
00:41:36,314 --> 00:41:40,480
WITH A PSYCHOLOGICAL PROFILE
OF THE VICTIM.
720
00:41:40,482 --> 00:41:43,001
YOU JUST APPLY A LITTLE
CONFIRMATION BIAS,
721
00:41:43,002 --> 00:41:44,829
WHICH MEANS THAT YOU
JUST PAY ATTENTION
722
00:41:44,830 --> 00:41:46,656
TO THE EVIDENCE
THAT SUPPORTS YOUR SIDE,
723
00:41:46,657 --> 00:41:49,615
AND YOU IGNORE THE EVIDENCE
THAT SUPPORTS THE OTHER.
724
00:41:49,620 --> 00:41:52,757
YOU ADD THE MEDIA IN
AND ADD IN POLITICIANS
725
00:41:52,758 --> 00:41:56,858
WHO USE ALL OF THE KIND OF
TRADITIONAL LEVERS OF CONFLICT
726
00:41:56,862 --> 00:41:59,621
LIKE FEAR OF THE OTHER
AND DRIVE UP TRIBALISM,
727
00:41:59,622 --> 00:42:01,900
AND YOU'VE GOT
A LOT WORKING THERE.
728
00:42:05,413 --> 00:42:07,723
WE FIGHT THINGS OUT
OVER HISTORY.
729
00:42:07,724 --> 00:42:10,414
AFTER MANY YEARS AND, YOU KNOW,
MANY DECADES,
730
00:42:10,415 --> 00:42:13,659
MAYBE EVEN MANY MILLENNIA
OF THIS KIND OF STRIFE,
731
00:42:13,660 --> 00:42:15,964
AND WHEN YOU GET THERE,
YOU'RE THINKING ABOUT TWO GROUPS
732
00:42:15,965 --> 00:42:19,685
IN THE CONTEXT
OF STRUCTURAL INEQUITIES.
733
00:42:19,689 --> 00:42:21,999
I THINK WE SEE THAT
ON THE GAZA STRIP.
734
00:42:22,000 --> 00:42:23,790
I THINK WE SEE THAT
IN THE CONTEXT
735
00:42:23,793 --> 00:42:25,861
OF RACIAL POLITICS
IN THE UNITED STATES.
736
00:42:25,862 --> 00:42:27,242
YOU KNOW, THIS ISN'T JUST
TWO TRIBES
737
00:42:27,243 --> 00:42:29,861
WHO ARE FIGHTING ON EVEN TURF.
738
00:42:29,862 --> 00:42:31,342
I THINK THAT MAKES A PROBLEM
739
00:42:31,344 --> 00:42:34,594
THAT WE'RE HAVING A HARD TIME
SOLVING EVEN MORE DIFFICULT.
740
00:42:39,068 --> 00:42:41,898
ONCE WE'VE DIVIDED
THE WORLD INTO US AND THEM,
741
00:42:41,899 --> 00:42:45,546
ARE WE STUCK
WITH THOSE CATEGORIES?
742
00:42:45,551 --> 00:42:50,341
CAN WE EVER REDEFINE
OUR TRIBAL DIVISIONS?
743
00:42:50,344 --> 00:42:53,210
IF WE LOOK BACK TO
THE ROBBERS CAVE EXPERIMENT,
744
00:42:53,211 --> 00:42:54,926
SHERIF AND COLLEAGUES
HAD GOTTEN THE BOYS
745
00:42:54,931 --> 00:42:58,411
TO ADOPT GROUP IDENTITIES
AND ENGAGE IN TRIBAL CONFLICT.
746
00:43:02,517 --> 00:43:06,097
IN THE CONTEXT OF THAT
INTERGROUP RIVALRY,
747
00:43:06,103 --> 00:43:08,969
WHAT YOU SAW WAS ESCALATING
INTERGROUP TENSION
748
00:43:08,970 --> 00:43:11,205
AND ESCALATING
INTERGROUP HATRED.
749
00:43:11,206 --> 00:43:13,205
BOYS WHO, AT THE START
OF THE STUDY,
750
00:43:13,206 --> 00:43:16,476
HAD BEEN DECENT,
CIVILIZED YOUNGSTERS,
751
00:43:16,482 --> 00:43:20,102
HAD NOW TURNED
INTO VICIOUS MONSTERS.
752
00:43:22,793 --> 00:43:25,663
SHERIF WAS KIND OF INTERESTED
IN, COULD WE SEE
753
00:43:25,664 --> 00:43:28,895
IF WE COULD TURN
THESE WARRING GROUPS
754
00:43:28,896 --> 00:43:31,895
INTO UNIFIED GROUPS
THAT WOULD, IF YOU LIKE,
755
00:43:31,896 --> 00:43:33,996
BE AT PEACE WITH EACH OTHER.
756
00:43:34,000 --> 00:43:36,826
AND THE WAY HE SET ABOUT
DOING THAT
757
00:43:36,827 --> 00:43:40,407
WAS TO CREATE WHAT HE
CALLED SUPERORDINATE GOALS
758
00:43:40,413 --> 00:43:43,516
WHERE NO GROUP
COULD ACHIEVE ITS GOALS
759
00:43:43,517 --> 00:43:46,337
WITHOUT COLLABORATING
WITH THE OTHER ONE.
760
00:43:46,344 --> 00:43:49,210
THEY WOULD PUT ROCKS INSIDE
ONE OF THE WATER MAINS
761
00:43:49,211 --> 00:43:51,585
WHERE THE BOYS GOT WATER
FOR THEIR CANTEENS,
762
00:43:51,586 --> 00:43:54,716
AND THE BOYS HAD TO FIGURE OUT
A WAY TO TAKE THE ROCKS OUT.
763
00:43:54,724 --> 00:43:56,481
THEY HAD TO WORK TOGETHER,
764
00:43:56,482 --> 00:43:58,861
AND IN THE END, THEY ENDED UP
WORKING TOGETHER SO WELL
765
00:43:58,862 --> 00:44:00,861
THAT THE BOYS
KIND OF FORMED A BIG LINE
766
00:44:00,862 --> 00:44:05,067
TO KIND OF CARRY
THE ROCKS OUT TOGETHER.
767
00:44:05,068 --> 00:44:08,757
THE EMERGENCE OF THOSE
INTERDEPENDENT GOALS,
768
00:44:08,758 --> 00:44:10,858
THEN, ACTUALLY,
THE FORMER HOSTILITY
769
00:44:10,862 --> 00:44:12,282
AND RIVALRY WAS OVERCOME,
770
00:44:12,283 --> 00:44:15,855
AND THE BOYS, AS IT WERE,
BECAME FRIENDS AGAIN.
771
00:44:15,862 --> 00:44:19,522
THIS EXPERIMENT SHOWED US
BOTH HOW QUICKLY TRIBAL AFFILIATIONS
772
00:44:19,523 --> 00:44:20,997
CAN COME ON LINE,
773
00:44:21,000 --> 00:44:24,898
BUT ALSO HOW THE RIGHT CONTEXT
CAN ALLOW US TO OVERCOME THEM.
774
00:44:24,899 --> 00:44:26,656
IT'S A FUNNY WAR, ALL RIGHT,
775
00:44:26,657 --> 00:44:28,855
WHEN MEN WHO WERE YOUR ENEMIES
A FEW MONTHS BEFORE
776
00:44:28,862 --> 00:44:31,136
END UP MARCHING AT YOUR SIDE.
777
00:44:31,137 --> 00:44:32,617
ANOTHER GREAT EXAMPLE OF A THING
778
00:44:32,620 --> 00:44:35,240
THAT CAN BRING
VERY DISTANT GROUPS TOGETHER
779
00:44:35,241 --> 00:44:36,654
IS A COMMON THREAT.
780
00:44:36,655 --> 00:44:39,925
I MEAN, WE SEE THIS JUST EVEN
IN THE CONTEXT OF HISTORY.
781
00:44:39,931 --> 00:44:42,311
LOOK TO OUR WORLD WARS, WHERE
THERE WERE THESE NATION STATES
782
00:44:42,312 --> 00:44:44,274
WHO PREVIOUSLY
WEREN'T GETTING ALONG.
783
00:44:44,275 --> 00:44:45,925
YOU HAVE A COMMON THREAT,
ALL OF A SUDDEN,
784
00:44:45,931 --> 00:44:49,341
EVERYONE IS WORKING TOGETHER.
785
00:44:49,344 --> 00:44:52,343
EVEN THOUGH OUR CATEGORIZATION
OF PEOPLE AS US OR THEM
786
00:44:52,344 --> 00:44:53,622
SEEMS TO BE SOMETHING
787
00:44:53,623 --> 00:44:55,759
THAT'S JUST A FUNDAMENTAL PART
OF THE HUMAN MIND,
788
00:44:55,760 --> 00:44:57,028
WE HAVE A LOT OF CONTROL
789
00:44:57,034 --> 00:44:59,792
OVER WHAT
THE DIFFERENT CATEGORIES ARE,
790
00:44:59,793 --> 00:45:01,483
AND, IN FACT, THESE CATEGORIES
791
00:45:01,484 --> 00:45:03,552
TEND TO BE REALLY,
REALLY FLEXIBLE.
792
00:45:08,896 --> 00:45:10,406
A CURRENT EXAMPLE
793
00:45:10,413 --> 00:45:12,413
IS THE DEMOCRATIC FOOTBALL
LADS ALLIANCE.
794
00:45:20,034 --> 00:45:23,660
BRITISH SOCCER FANS ARE FAMOUS
FOR THEIR DEEP RIVALRIES
795
00:45:23,661 --> 00:45:25,275
THAT HAVE OFTEN TURNED VIOLENT,
796
00:45:28,965 --> 00:45:33,825
YET IN 2017, AFTER A SERIES OF
TERRORIST ATTACKS IN THE U.K.,
797
00:45:33,827 --> 00:45:37,167
FANS OF RIVAL TEAMS
CAME TOGETHER.
798
00:45:37,172 --> 00:45:39,902
THEY THOUGHT, AT THAT POINT,
"HEY, WE HAVE A COMMON ENEMY."
799
00:45:39,903 --> 00:45:44,756
WE DON'T WANT TO BE TAKEN OVER
BY ISLAMIC EXTREMISM.
800
00:45:44,758 --> 00:45:47,378
WE'VE HAD ENOUGH.
801
00:45:47,379 --> 00:45:50,479
THIS IS OUR COUNTRY,
AND WE'VE HAD ENOUGH.
802
00:45:52,620 --> 00:45:55,690
THE RIVALRIES GO BACK TO WHEN
FOOTBALL BEGAN IN THIS COUNTRY,
803
00:45:55,691 --> 00:45:57,969
BUT THE TRAGEDIES
THAT HAVE HAPPENED
804
00:45:57,970 --> 00:46:02,095
HAVE IGNITED SOMETHING IN US
AS LOYAL FOOTBALL LADS
805
00:46:02,103 --> 00:46:03,757
WHO DON'T CHANGE TEAMS
806
00:46:03,758 --> 00:46:07,408
AND COME TOGETHER
UNDER ONE COMMON PURPOSE
807
00:46:07,413 --> 00:46:08,757
AND ONE COMMON GOAL.
808
00:46:08,758 --> 00:46:10,408
TENS OF THOUSANDS OF PEOPLE
809
00:46:10,413 --> 00:46:12,723
HAVE ATTENDED THEIR LAST
TWO DEMONSTRATIONS,
810
00:46:12,724 --> 00:46:14,483
BUT DESPITE THEIR MESSAGE
OF UNITY,
811
00:46:14,484 --> 00:46:17,412
SOME PEOPLE ACCUSE THEM
OF HARBORING RACIST MESSAGES.
812
00:46:20,448 --> 00:46:23,998
- NAZI SCUM!
- OFF OUR STREETS!
813
00:46:24,000 --> 00:46:25,790
WHAT WE SEE IN THIS CASE
IS TRIBES
814
00:46:25,793 --> 00:46:27,412
THAT WERE PREVIOUSLY SEPARATE
815
00:46:27,413 --> 00:46:30,447
WHO HAVE COME TOGETHER
FOR A COMMON GOAL,
816
00:46:30,448 --> 00:46:33,968
BUT SOMETIMES THE COMMON GOAL
CAN BE JUST AS RACIST AND UGLY
817
00:46:33,969 --> 00:46:37,274
AS THE TRIBAL BOUNDARIES
WE SAW BEFOREHAND.
818
00:46:37,275 --> 00:46:40,475
ENGLAND UNTIL WE DIE!
819
00:46:43,793 --> 00:46:45,792
OUR TRIBAL PSYCHOLOGY
CAN BE INFLUENCED
820
00:46:45,793 --> 00:46:48,863
BY MANY DIFFERENT FACTORS
THAT CAN MAKE US SEE
821
00:46:48,864 --> 00:46:53,826
OTHER PEOPLE AS OUR ALLIES
OR AS OUR ENEMIES.
822
00:46:53,827 --> 00:46:55,237
THE GOOD PIECE OF NEWS
823
00:46:55,241 --> 00:46:57,411
IS THAT BECAUSE WE HAVE
CATEGORIES THAT ARE FLEXIBLE,
824
00:46:57,413 --> 00:46:59,243
THAT WE CAN MOVE AROUND
ON THE FLY,
825
00:46:59,244 --> 00:47:01,861
THERE IS ROOM TO DO BETTER.
826
00:47:01,862 --> 00:47:05,171
THERE IS ROOM TO OVERCOME
HATRED AND TRIBALISM
827
00:47:05,172 --> 00:47:08,240
EVEN IN SOME
OF THE WORST CONTEXTS.
828
00:47:08,241 --> 00:47:10,311
THE SAD THING, THOUGH,
IS THAT OUR GROUP PSYCHOLOGY
829
00:47:10,312 --> 00:47:13,757
IS REALLY BUILT
TO LOOK FOR THREATS,
830
00:47:13,758 --> 00:47:16,408
BUT THOSE THREATS
DON'T HAVE TO BE REAL.
831
00:47:16,413 --> 00:47:18,723
SOMETIMES THEY'RE JUST
COMPLETELY MADE UP.
832
00:47:18,724 --> 00:47:20,723
SOMETIMES
THEY'RE PART OF PROPAGANDA,
833
00:47:20,724 --> 00:47:23,284
BUT NEVERTHELESS, JUST
THIS PERCEPTION OF A THREAT,
834
00:47:23,285 --> 00:47:24,615
EVEN IF IT'S FAKE,
835
00:47:24,620 --> 00:47:28,070
CAN REALLY CAUSE OUR TRIBAL
BOUNDARIES TO CHANGE --
836
00:47:28,071 --> 00:47:30,478
SOMETIMES IN WAYS
THAT ARE GOOD,
837
00:47:30,482 --> 00:47:32,552
SOMETIMES IN WAYS
THAT ARE PRETTY NASTY.
838
00:47:36,758 --> 00:47:39,828
LIKE-MINDED PEOPLE ARE NOW
JUST A COUPLE OF CLICKS
839
00:47:39,829 --> 00:47:41,585
AWAY FROM EACH OTHER.
840
00:47:41,586 --> 00:47:43,376
AND THE SKINHEADS,
THEY WOULD ALWAYS SAY,
841
00:47:43,379 --> 00:47:45,169
"FRANK, GOD NEEDS MORE SOLDIERS.
842
00:47:45,172 --> 00:47:48,930
HE NEEDS MORE ANGELS TO RUIN
SODOM AND GOMORRAH."
843
00:47:48,931 --> 00:47:53,101
IF THERE'S ANYTHING ONE
DERIVES FROM A STUDY OF MASS KILLING,
844
00:47:53,103 --> 00:47:57,343
IT'S THAT PEOPLE ARE
RESPONSIBLE FOR THEIR ACTIONS.
845
00:47:57,344 --> 00:48:01,314
THE HATE, THE MASSIVE VIOLENCE,
68377
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