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{\an7}In 1945, Allies are closing in
\h\h\h\h\h\h\h\h\h\h\hon Japan
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{\an7}\h\h\h\h\hDAVID: We used
bazookas, flamethrowers,
3
00:00:08,800 --> 00:00:11,803
{\an7}and it was a slaughter.
4
00:00:11,845 --> 00:00:16,975
{\an7}\h\h\h\hNARRATOR: Americans
find a bloodbath on Okinawa.
5
00:00:17,017 --> 00:00:20,938
{\an7}Australians move in on Borneo.
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00:00:20,979 --> 00:00:25,734
{\an7}And rescued POWs reveal
a nightmare in Thailand.
7
00:00:25,776 --> 00:00:29,530
{\an7}\hREUBEN: In almost no time
we have become skeleton men.
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00:00:29,571 --> 00:00:34,409
{\an7}\h\h\hNARRATOR: With rare
behind the scenes film...
9
00:00:34,451 --> 00:00:36,954
{\an7}and color combat footage...
10
00:00:36,995 --> 00:00:40,415
{\an7}\hhear the voices,
and feel the fight.
11
00:00:40,457 --> 00:00:42,668
{\an7}ENS AITKEN: We knew that we were
going to be in for trouble.
12
00:00:42,709 --> 00:00:44,920
{\an7}We just knew it.
13
00:00:44,962 --> 00:00:49,967
{\an7}[♪ theme music ♪]
14
00:00:59,685 --> 00:01:04,690
{\an7}♪ ♪
15
00:01:06,900 --> 00:01:11,947
{\an7}NARRATOR: General Douglas
MacArthur is coming home.
16
00:01:11,989 --> 00:01:14,867
{\an7}This is Corregidor
in the Philippines,
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00:01:14,908 --> 00:01:16,785
{\an7}\h\hwhere MacArthur
made his last stand
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00:01:16,827 --> 00:01:19,913
{\an7}before defeat three years ago.
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00:01:21,582 --> 00:01:23,751
{\an7}\h\h\h\hNow he’s back to
address the paratroopers
20
00:01:23,792 --> 00:01:28,297
{\an7}that just helped liberate it.
21
00:01:28,338 --> 00:01:30,048
{\an7}The battle is so fresh,
22
00:01:30,090 --> 00:01:33,760
{\an7}the chutes are still
blowing in the trees.
23
00:01:36,221 --> 00:01:37,723
{\an7}\hGEN MACARTHUR: The
capture of Corregidor
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00:01:37,764 --> 00:01:42,394
{\an7}\his one of the most brilliant
operations in military history.
25
00:01:42,436 --> 00:01:44,021
{\an7}\hNARRATOR: Prone
to overstatement,
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00:01:44,062 --> 00:01:47,899
{\an7}MacArthur is also
prone to emotion.
27
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{\an7}\hThe Philippines are flying
the American flag once more.
28
00:01:52,487 --> 00:01:55,198
{\an7}\hGEN MACARTHUR: I see the
old flagpole still stands.
29
00:01:55,240 --> 00:01:58,118
{\an7}Have your troops hoist
the colors to its peak,
30
00:01:58,160 --> 00:02:03,749
{\an7}\h\hand let no enemy
ever haul them down.
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00:02:08,629 --> 00:02:10,464
{\an7}♪ ♪
32
00:02:10,505 --> 00:02:15,010
{\an7}NARRATOR: But the flag is flying
over a territory in tatters.
33
00:02:15,052 --> 00:02:18,764
{\an7}The grand city of
Manila is gutted.
34
00:02:21,183 --> 00:02:25,562
{\an7}\h\hOfficial buildings
are reduced to rubble.
35
00:02:25,604 --> 00:02:28,857
{\an7}Neighborhoods are razed.
36
00:02:31,109 --> 00:02:35,280
{\an7}But weeks after liberation,
\h\hManila is on the mend.
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00:02:35,322 --> 00:02:37,115
{\an7}♪ ♪
38
00:02:37,157 --> 00:02:39,368
{\an7}\h\h\h\h\h\h\h\hBritish war
journalist William Courtenay
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00:02:39,409 --> 00:02:42,078
{\an7}tours the city on a
horse drawn carriage
40
00:02:42,120 --> 00:02:47,459
{\an7}\h\h\h\h\hand captures the
sights with his own camera.
41
00:02:47,501 --> 00:02:50,671
{\an7}Filipinos are on the rebound.
42
00:02:54,758 --> 00:02:56,677
{\an7}Between bombed out buildings
43
00:02:56,718 --> 00:02:59,930
{\an7}\h\h\h\his a sure sign
that war has moved on.
44
00:02:59,971 --> 00:03:04,058
{\an7}The USO has moved in.
45
00:03:04,101 --> 00:03:07,021
{\an7}\h\h\hCourtenay’s camera
rolls as Hollywood stars
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00:03:07,062 --> 00:03:10,857
{\an7}\h\h\h\hand servicemen and
women meet face to face --
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00:03:10,899 --> 00:03:15,070
{\an7}7,000 miles from home.
48
00:03:15,112 --> 00:03:20,701
{\an7}\hComedian Joe E. Brown has
come to boost their morale.
49
00:03:20,742 --> 00:03:23,203
{\an7}\h\h\h\h\h\h\hHis comic
rubber-faced expressions
50
00:03:23,245 --> 00:03:27,166
{\an7}\htranslate all the
way to the back row.
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00:03:27,207 --> 00:03:29,584
{\an7}\h\h\h\h\h[servicemen
laughing, applauding]
52
00:03:29,626 --> 00:03:31,878
{\an7}♪ ♪
53
00:03:31,920 --> 00:03:35,298
{\an7}Throughout the Pacific,
the USO brings laughter
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00:03:35,340 --> 00:03:39,177
{\an7}\hto places that only
recently knew horror.
55
00:03:39,219 --> 00:03:42,431
{\an7}\h\h\hTouching down on this
dusty airstrip on Tarawa --
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00:03:42,472 --> 00:03:44,224
{\an7}another celebrity.
57
00:03:44,266 --> 00:03:48,145
{\an7}\h\hBy now Bob Hope has
logged over 30,000 miles
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00:03:48,186 --> 00:03:50,230
{\an7}across the Pacific.
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00:03:50,272 --> 00:03:52,524
{\an7}At every stop he and his troupe
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00:03:52,566 --> 00:03:54,693
{\an7}\hare escorted to
thousands of fans
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00:03:54,735 --> 00:03:58,530
{\an7}\h\h\h\heagerly awaiting
"the show of a lifetime."
62
00:03:58,572 --> 00:04:00,115
{\an7}EMCEE: Here he is -- Bob Hope!
63
00:04:00,157 --> 00:04:02,993
{\an7}[men cheering]
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00:04:03,034 --> 00:04:06,621
{\an7}NARRATOR: By now, Hope knows the
reality of life in the Pacific
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00:04:06,663 --> 00:04:08,456
{\an7}almost as well as the men.
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00:04:08,498 --> 00:04:10,125
{\an7}\hBOB HOPE: Thank you. How do
you do, ladies and gentlemen?
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00:04:10,167 --> 00:04:13,045
{\an7}\h\h\h\h\hThis is Bob
Mosquito Network Hope.
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00:04:13,086 --> 00:04:14,713
{\an7}I hope you enjoy our show today.
69
00:04:14,755 --> 00:04:17,508
{\an7}We have a nice show with Frances
Langford, Jerry Colonna,
70
00:04:17,549 --> 00:04:20,010
{\an7}\h\hTony Romano, Patty
Thomas and Bonnie Dean.
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00:04:20,051 --> 00:04:22,679
{\an7}I know you’ll enjoy the girls.
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00:04:22,721 --> 00:04:23,931
{\an7}You remember girls.
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00:04:23,972 --> 00:04:25,849
{\an7}[audience cheers]
74
00:04:25,891 --> 00:04:27,226
{\an7}Yes, they’re doing very fine.
75
00:04:27,267 --> 00:04:28,769
{\an7}\hOn some of these
islands these girls
76
00:04:28,810 --> 00:04:31,521
{\an7}have been the first to land.
\hWon’t Eleanor be mad, huh?
77
00:04:31,563 --> 00:04:35,150
{\an7}[audience laughing and cheering]
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00:04:35,192 --> 00:04:38,612
{\an7}♪ ♪
79
00:04:38,653 --> 00:04:39,946
{\an7}\h\hNARRATOR: Hope
is not the only one
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00:04:39,988 --> 00:04:42,782
{\an7}\h\hputting smiles
on American faces.
81
00:04:42,824 --> 00:04:46,953
{\an7}♪ ♪
82
00:04:46,995 --> 00:04:49,039
{\an7}There are plenty of big stars
83
00:04:49,080 --> 00:04:53,167
{\an7}\hand thousands of
lesser known names.
84
00:04:53,210 --> 00:04:55,129
{\an7}They perform show after show
85
00:04:55,170 --> 00:04:59,925
{\an7}\hfor homesick troops
all over the Pacific.
86
00:04:59,966 --> 00:05:05,013
{\an7}\h\h\hWherever there’s a
USO show, war has passed.
87
00:05:06,890 --> 00:05:12,938
{\an7}\h\h\hBut in these pre-dawn
waters, it’s only beginning.
88
00:05:12,979 --> 00:05:19,068
{\an7}\h\hHere, the stage is set
for a very different show.
89
00:05:19,110 --> 00:05:22,822
{\an7}No laughter. Just
a nervous silence.
90
00:05:27,077 --> 00:05:30,789
{\an7}It’s Easter Sunday, 1945.
91
00:05:30,831 --> 00:05:35,669
{\an7}Many of these men think it might
be their last day on earth.
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00:05:38,421 --> 00:05:41,966
{\an7}\h\h\h\h\hThe morning light
reveals a stunning sight --
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00:05:42,008 --> 00:05:47,096
{\an7}\h\hthe largest amphibious
assault of the Pacific War.
94
00:05:51,685 --> 00:05:56,773
{\an7}A line of steel almost eight
miles wide is closing in --
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00:05:56,815 --> 00:05:59,276
{\an7}on Okinawa.
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00:05:59,317 --> 00:06:03,446
{\an7}ENS AITKEN: I have never in my
life seen so many Navy ships.
97
00:06:03,488 --> 00:06:07,951
{\an7}\h\hThe aircraft carriers were
lined up as far as I could see.
98
00:06:10,370 --> 00:06:16,710
{\an7}NARRATOR: Fifteen hundred
ships. Half a million men.
99
00:06:16,751 --> 00:06:20,255
{\an7}♪ ♪
100
00:06:20,297 --> 00:06:24,092
{\an7}Tarawa. Saipan. Iwo Jima.
101
00:06:24,134 --> 00:06:28,513
{\an7}\hAll had beaches
covered in blood.
102
00:06:28,555 --> 00:06:31,850
{\an7}Now Americans are
wiser and wearier.
103
00:06:31,892 --> 00:06:35,562
{\an7}\h\hThey expect an 80
percent casualty rate.
104
00:06:38,356 --> 00:06:41,192
{\an7}\hAmong the faces
is David McFadden,
105
00:06:41,234 --> 00:06:45,655
{\an7}a kid from Ohio who
remembers the fear.
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00:06:45,697 --> 00:06:48,116
{\an7}\h\hLT MCFADDEN: There
were hundreds of boys.
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00:06:48,158 --> 00:06:50,118
{\an7}The only thing you could
hear was the ship’s organ
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00:06:50,160 --> 00:06:53,830
{\an7}playing "Nearer,
My God, to Thee."
109
00:06:53,872 --> 00:06:55,540
{\an7}And boy, don’t you
think there weren’t
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00:06:55,582 --> 00:06:57,459
{\an7}a lot of them thinking that.
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00:06:57,500 --> 00:07:00,628
{\an7}Young boys, really young.
112
00:07:04,674 --> 00:07:06,217
{\an7}NARRATOR: This is the last stop
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00:07:06,259 --> 00:07:10,847
{\an7}in the island-hopping campaign
toward the Japanese mainland.
114
00:07:11,640 --> 00:07:13,600
{\an7}\h\h\hFrom Okinawa,
Americans can stage
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00:07:13,642 --> 00:07:18,105
{\an7}\h\h\h\h\h\h\h\ha massive
invasion of Japan itself.
116
00:07:18,146 --> 00:07:20,357
{\an7}It is 70 miles long.
117
00:07:20,398 --> 00:07:25,194
{\an7}In square mileage it’s no bigger
than the city of Los Angeles.
118
00:07:25,236 --> 00:07:28,990
{\an7}Its terrain features craggy
clusters of small mountains,
119
00:07:29,032 --> 00:07:31,952
{\an7}\hincluding ridgelines
that run east to west,
120
00:07:31,993 --> 00:07:37,415
{\an7}\h\h\h\h\hcreating a natural
barrier to southward travel.
121
00:07:37,457 --> 00:07:40,961
{\an7}Americans have limited
intelligence going in.
122
00:07:41,002 --> 00:07:44,756
{\an7}\h\h\h\h\h\h\h\h\h\hAerial
reconnaissance is lacking.
123
00:07:44,798 --> 00:07:49,553
{\an7}They can only guess
at what lies ahead.
124
00:07:49,594 --> 00:07:53,556
{\an7}This Japanese film offers clues.
125
00:07:53,598 --> 00:07:55,308
{\an7}\hFor three years,
Americans have been
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00:07:55,350 --> 00:07:58,937
{\an7}\hpushing them back
across the Pacific.
127
00:07:58,979 --> 00:08:02,399
{\an7}Okinawa is their last stand.
128
00:08:02,440 --> 00:08:06,235
{\an7}The Allies expect
a final showdown.
129
00:08:06,277 --> 00:08:08,488
{\an7}[cannon fire]
130
00:08:08,530 --> 00:08:10,365
{\an7}\h\h\hNARRATOR: Before the
invasion, the United States
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00:08:10,407 --> 00:08:15,662
{\an7}unleashes ferocious firepower.
132
00:08:15,704 --> 00:08:18,373
{\an7}\h\h\h\h\h\hAerial and naval
bombardment shreds the island
133
00:08:18,415 --> 00:08:21,126
{\an7}to soften defenses.
134
00:08:21,167 --> 00:08:27,298
{\an7}\h\hThe Japanese nickname
it "the typhoon of steel."
135
00:08:27,340 --> 00:08:30,677
{\an7}It is three months
of solid pounding.
136
00:08:30,719 --> 00:08:35,724
{\an7}[explosions]
137
00:08:45,400 --> 00:08:50,947
{\an7}\h\h\hInvasion day, Easter
Sunday, is nicknamed L-Day.
138
00:08:54,701 --> 00:08:57,537
{\an7}MAN: Go! Go! Go!
139
00:09:01,082 --> 00:09:05,336
{\an7}NARRATOR: The men coming
ashore expect the worst.
140
00:09:05,378 --> 00:09:06,963
{\an7}LT MCFADDEN: I was thinking,
141
00:09:07,005 --> 00:09:08,215
{\an7}well, maybe in an hour from now
142
00:09:08,256 --> 00:09:11,509
{\an7}\hI won’t have to worry
about anything anymore.
143
00:09:11,551 --> 00:09:13,595
{\an7}\h\h\h\hNARRATOR: But
instead of enemy fire,
144
00:09:13,636 --> 00:09:17,140
{\an7}they meet an eerie silence.
145
00:09:19,184 --> 00:09:23,563
{\an7}\h\h\h\h\h\h\h\h\h\hThey move
cautiously, expecting a trap.
146
00:09:24,397 --> 00:09:28,443
{\an7}\h\hBut there’s no
sign of the enemy.
147
00:09:32,530 --> 00:09:34,699
{\an7}[radio chatter]
148
00:09:34,741 --> 00:09:39,704
{\an7}\h\hSome wonder if they’ve
landed on the wrong island.
149
00:09:40,830 --> 00:09:43,082
{\an7}\hFirst Lieutenant
Charles Kilpatrick
150
00:09:43,124 --> 00:09:45,501
{\an7}is as surprised as anyone.
151
00:09:45,543 --> 00:09:47,378
{\an7}LT KILPATRICK: We were expecting
the usual welcome committee
152
00:09:47,420 --> 00:09:50,423
{\an7}\hfrom the Japanese,
and it didn’t happen.
153
00:09:50,465 --> 00:09:53,510
{\an7}We didn’t hear a shot fired.
154
00:09:53,551 --> 00:09:55,762
{\an7}\h\h\h\hNARRATOR: The only
Japanese soldiers they see
155
00:09:55,804 --> 00:10:01,518
{\an7}are already dead, usually
lying near a bomb crater.
156
00:10:01,559 --> 00:10:06,814
{\an7}Word gets back to the fleet
-- there is no one to fight.
157
00:10:06,856 --> 00:10:11,194
{\an7}♪ ♪
158
00:10:11,236 --> 00:10:15,198
{\an7}Subsequent waves of
troops come ashore.
159
00:10:17,826 --> 00:10:23,165
{\an7}They calmly grab their gear and
walk upright onto the beach.
160
00:10:27,252 --> 00:10:29,755
{\an7}\h\h\h\h\hWithin hours,
thousands of men unload
161
00:10:29,796 --> 00:10:34,426
{\an7}a city’s worth of infrastructure
onto the beaches of Okinawa.
162
00:10:34,467 --> 00:10:37,512
{\an7}♪ ♪
163
00:10:37,554 --> 00:10:43,226
{\an7}Inland, things move as smoothly
as a training exercise.
164
00:10:46,396 --> 00:10:52,027
{\an7}Many keep their guns stowed, and
never have to dig a foxhole.
165
00:10:56,781 --> 00:10:59,033
{\an7}The invasion presses forward.
166
00:10:59,075 --> 00:11:01,995
{\an7}In the first few days,
Marines march unimpeded
167
00:11:02,036 --> 00:11:03,913
{\an7}\h\h\h\h\h\hthrough the
midsection of the island
168
00:11:03,955 --> 00:11:06,791
{\an7}and secure it coast to coast.
169
00:11:06,833 --> 00:11:11,838
{\an7}♪ ♪
170
00:11:17,051 --> 00:11:18,761
{\an7}\h\h\hThey tick off
military objectives
171
00:11:18,803 --> 00:11:22,181
{\an7}like a grocery list --
172
00:11:22,223 --> 00:11:25,059
{\an7}\hall while enjoying a
fine stretch of weather
173
00:11:25,101 --> 00:11:29,147
{\an7}on a subtropical island.
174
00:11:30,315 --> 00:11:32,275
{\an7}One general says to the press,
175
00:11:32,317 --> 00:11:34,194
{\an7}\h\h\h"I don’t know
where the Japs are,
176
00:11:34,235 --> 00:11:35,945
{\an7}\hand I can’t offer
you any good reason
177
00:11:35,987 --> 00:11:40,200
{\an7}\h\h\h\hwhy they let us
come ashore so easily."
178
00:11:42,118 --> 00:11:47,915
{\an7}\h\h\h\hAmericans think 100,000
Japanese are defending Okinawa.
179
00:11:47,957 --> 00:11:53,504
{\an7}The question is -- where?
180
00:11:53,546 --> 00:11:56,424
{\an7}\h\h\h\hFor troops that
expected to be in hell,
181
00:11:56,466 --> 00:12:01,262
{\an7}Okinawa feels like heaven.
182
00:12:01,304 --> 00:12:06,768
{\an7}\hInstead of an invasion,
it seems like a vacation.
183
00:12:09,187 --> 00:12:13,191
{\an7}\h\h\hSoldiers pick ripe
tomatoes along the road.
184
00:12:13,233 --> 00:12:17,529
{\an7}\h\hThey commandeer local
horses and take joyrides.
185
00:12:17,570 --> 00:12:20,114
{\an7}They avail themselves
of the local livestock
186
00:12:20,156 --> 00:12:24,243
{\an7}\h\hand try to one-up
each other’s barbecue.
187
00:12:25,078 --> 00:12:26,621
{\an7}\h\h\h\h\h\hOne soldier
recalled such a cookout
188
00:12:26,663 --> 00:12:29,457
{\an7}\h\h\hto be one of the
best meals of his life,
189
00:12:29,499 --> 00:12:34,170
{\an7}\hon what was supposed to be
the battlefield of his death.
190
00:12:35,838 --> 00:12:40,801
{\an7}So far, the battle of
Okinawa is a cakewalk.
191
00:12:45,932 --> 00:12:47,350
{\an7}In charge of the invasion
192
00:12:47,392 --> 00:12:51,021
{\an7}\h\h\his General Simon
Bolivar Buckner Junior.
193
00:12:51,062 --> 00:12:53,606
{\an7}\h\h\h\hHe is straight
from central casting --
194
00:12:53,648 --> 00:12:58,236
{\an7}\h\h\h\h\h\h\h\h\h\h\h\h\htall,
silver-haired, and no-nonsense.
195
00:12:59,737 --> 00:13:02,573
{\an7}\h\h\h\h\h\hHe is surprised
things are going so smoothly
196
00:13:02,615 --> 00:13:04,534
{\an7}\h\hand wonders what
the enemy is thinking
197
00:13:04,575 --> 00:13:08,162
{\an7}in a letter to his wife Adele.
198
00:13:08,204 --> 00:13:09,872
{\an7}\h\h\h\h\h\h\h\hGEN BUCKNER:
Everything is now going well,
199
00:13:09,914 --> 00:13:12,750
{\an7}\hand so far my opposing
general has not displayed
200
00:13:12,792 --> 00:13:16,713
{\an7}\hany noticeable degree
of military brilliance.
201
00:13:16,754 --> 00:13:19,674
{\an7}I hope he keeps this up.
202
00:13:21,134 --> 00:13:23,011
{\an7}NARRATOR: Buckner’s
Japanese counterpart
203
00:13:23,052 --> 00:13:26,305
{\an7}\h\h\h\h\h\his Lieutenant
General Mitsuru Ushijima.
204
00:13:26,347 --> 00:13:28,516
{\an7}He is respected by his men --
205
00:13:28,558 --> 00:13:31,978
{\an7}cut right from the
Samurai tradition.
206
00:13:32,020 --> 00:13:35,857
{\an7}\h\h\h\h\h\h\hA tradition that
includes fighting to the death.
207
00:13:35,898 --> 00:13:39,151
{\an7}GEN USHIJIMA: Do not suffer the
shame of being taken prisoner.
208
00:13:39,193 --> 00:13:42,655
{\an7}You will live for eternity.
209
00:13:42,697 --> 00:13:46,951
{\an7}\hNARRATOR: The Japanese will
soon reveal their strategy --
210
00:13:46,993 --> 00:13:51,247
{\an7}suddenly, and lethally.
211
00:13:53,041 --> 00:13:55,085
{\an7}By the third day
of the invasion,
212
00:13:55,126 --> 00:13:58,880
{\an7}there is still no
sign of the enemy.
213
00:13:58,921 --> 00:14:00,798
{\an7}Commanding General Simon Buckner
214
00:14:00,840 --> 00:14:03,718
{\an7}sends a message to the Marines.
215
00:14:03,760 --> 00:14:05,095
{\an7}\h\hGEN BUCKNER: All
restrictions removed
216
00:14:05,136 --> 00:14:08,931
{\an7}on your advance northward.
217
00:14:08,973 --> 00:14:11,434
{\an7}\h\h\h\h\hNARRATOR: Men and
materiel move up the island
218
00:14:11,476 --> 00:14:16,356
{\an7}and into the Motobu Peninsula,
\ha mountainous no-man’s land.
219
00:14:16,397 --> 00:14:21,360
{\an7}They approach a high, craggy
mass called Mount Yae-Take.
220
00:14:21,402 --> 00:14:22,570
{\an7}[gunfire]
221
00:14:22,612 --> 00:14:25,865
{\an7}\h\h\h\hSuddenly, fire
comes from everywhere.
222
00:14:25,907 --> 00:14:31,162
{\an7}[gunfire]
223
00:14:31,204 --> 00:14:34,165
{\an7}♪ ♪
224
00:14:34,207 --> 00:14:37,460
{\an7}\hAmericans are pinned down
by mortars and machine guns
225
00:14:37,502 --> 00:14:40,714
{\an7}no matter where they go.
226
00:14:41,589 --> 00:14:45,343
{\an7}\hCompanies get split
up running for cover.
227
00:14:45,385 --> 00:14:49,264
{\an7}\h\hThey barely know
where to return fire.
228
00:14:49,305 --> 00:14:52,433
{\an7}After days of easy
and rapid advance,
229
00:14:52,475 --> 00:14:55,895
{\an7}\h\hcasualties pile
up by the hundreds.
230
00:14:58,731 --> 00:15:01,776
{\an7}\h\h\h\h\hAnd just as this
reality hits on the ground,
231
00:15:01,818 --> 00:15:05,655
{\an7}a fury comes from the sky.
232
00:15:10,701 --> 00:15:16,874
{\an7}\h\hApril 6th dawns quiet
in the waters off Okinawa.
233
00:15:16,916 --> 00:15:20,711
{\an7}\h\h\h\h\hThe calm did not
comfort Ensign Doug Aitken.
234
00:15:20,753 --> 00:15:22,922
{\an7}ENS AITKEN: We knew that we were
going to be in for trouble.
235
00:15:22,964 --> 00:15:26,092
{\an7}We just knew it.
236
00:15:26,134 --> 00:15:28,094
{\an7}\h\h\h\h\h\hNARRATOR: On the
nearby islands, the Japanese
237
00:15:28,136 --> 00:15:31,056
{\an7}\h\h\h\h\hhad been gathering
every usable plane and pilot
238
00:15:31,097 --> 00:15:34,434
{\an7}remaining in their arsenal.
239
00:15:34,475 --> 00:15:39,021
{\an7}Some are inexperienced,
\hbut no less devoted.
240
00:15:39,063 --> 00:15:45,152
{\an7}They call this mission Kikusui,
or "floating chrysanthemum."
241
00:15:45,194 --> 00:15:48,114
{\an7}♪ ♪
242
00:15:48,156 --> 00:15:53,828
{\an7}They take off in waves --
243
00:15:53,870 --> 00:15:55,914
{\an7}and begin a kamikaze spree
244
00:15:55,955 --> 00:16:00,376
{\an7}\h\h\h\h\h\h\hthat dwarfs
anything before or since.
245
00:16:04,130 --> 00:16:08,092
{\an7}In the next two days,
over 350 enemy planes
246
00:16:08,134 --> 00:16:11,846
{\an7}wreak absolute havoc.
247
00:16:17,226 --> 00:16:22,231
{\an7}American pilots try to stop them
in roller-coaster dogfights.
248
00:16:22,273 --> 00:16:24,025
{\an7}Navy gunners try to derail them
249
00:16:24,066 --> 00:16:27,194
{\an7}\h\hin white-knuckle
high-speed combat --
250
00:16:27,236 --> 00:16:32,116
{\an7}\h\hsometimes close enough
to see each other’s faces.
251
00:16:33,743 --> 00:16:37,997
{\an7}\h\h\h\h\hOn April 6th alone,
three ships are sunk outright.
252
00:16:38,039 --> 00:16:42,126
{\an7}Another 15 are hit and damaged.
253
00:16:44,212 --> 00:16:46,423
{\an7}[explosion]
254
00:16:46,464 --> 00:16:52,053
{\an7}The attacks leave a flotsam
of twisted steel and blood.
255
00:16:52,094 --> 00:16:56,265
{\an7}\h\hBut it’s only the
beginning of Kikusui.
256
00:16:58,059 --> 00:17:02,981
{\an7}In the midst of this nightmare,
news reaches the front lines.
257
00:17:03,022 --> 00:17:05,191
{\an7}\hARCHIVAL NARRATOR: The
flag flies at half staff
258
00:17:05,233 --> 00:17:07,152
{\an7}\h\has a grief-stricken
nation mourns the death
259
00:17:07,193 --> 00:17:12,448
{\an7}\hof Franklin Delano Roosevelt,
President of the United States.
260
00:17:12,490 --> 00:17:14,784
{\an7}\h\h\h\h\h\hNARRATOR: For 12
years, he steered the nation
261
00:17:14,825 --> 00:17:19,455
{\an7}\hthrough some of
its darkest hours.
262
00:17:19,497 --> 00:17:24,711
{\an7}\h\h\h\h\hThe troops on
Okinawa grieve publicly.
263
00:17:24,752 --> 00:17:26,128
{\an7}Many of them are so young
264
00:17:26,170 --> 00:17:30,508
{\an7}\h\h\h\hthat Roosevelt is the
only president they remember.
265
00:17:30,550 --> 00:17:32,969
{\an7}\h\h\hSSGT WELLMAN: You’d see
grown men crying like babies,
266
00:17:33,010 --> 00:17:36,388
{\an7}\hbecause we had lost somebody
who was a father figure to us.
267
00:17:36,430 --> 00:17:38,557
{\an7}ROY: We also wondered, now what?
268
00:17:38,599 --> 00:17:44,730
{\an7}Roosevelt was our man.
Who is this guy Truman?
269
00:17:49,694 --> 00:17:51,279
{\an7}NARRATOR: Back at Mount Yae-Take
270
00:17:51,320 --> 00:17:53,864
{\an7}\h\hit’s been week
of uphill fighting,
271
00:17:53,906 --> 00:17:55,991
{\an7}\h\h\h\h\h\hand there is
little to show for it --
272
00:17:56,033 --> 00:17:59,328
{\an7}besides blood and bandages.
273
00:18:00,538 --> 00:18:01,789
{\an7}It is an uphill slog
274
00:18:01,831 --> 00:18:06,252
{\an7}against what one officer
calls "a phantom enemy."
275
00:18:07,628 --> 00:18:11,048
{\an7}\hFor four more days, they
slowly move up the mountain
276
00:18:11,090 --> 00:18:13,926
{\an7}under withering fire.
277
00:18:15,011 --> 00:18:18,097
{\an7}[gunfire]
278
00:18:18,139 --> 00:18:20,558
{\an7}♪ ♪
279
00:18:20,600 --> 00:18:24,979
{\an7}\hThen, Marines finally take
the top of Mount Yae-Take --
280
00:18:25,021 --> 00:18:27,857
{\an7}and take a look around.
281
00:18:29,066 --> 00:18:30,901
{\an7}Two thousand Japanese bodies
282
00:18:30,943 --> 00:18:35,030
{\an7}\h\hlitter the peaks,
trenches, and tunnels.
283
00:18:35,072 --> 00:18:40,578
{\an7}\hAlmost to a man, they
had fought to the death.
284
00:18:40,620 --> 00:18:46,584
{\an7}This one mountaintop cost the
Marines almost a thousand men.
285
00:18:46,626 --> 00:18:47,794
{\an7}It is their first test
286
00:18:47,835 --> 00:18:51,172
{\an7}\hagainst the Japanese
defenses on Okinawa...
287
00:18:51,213 --> 00:18:56,051
{\an7}and they wonder if they’ve
only scratched the surface.
288
00:18:57,511 --> 00:19:02,516
{\an7}\h\h\h\hThere have to be
more Japanese somewhere.
289
00:19:02,558 --> 00:19:06,312
{\an7}Americans move cautiously.
290
00:19:08,272 --> 00:19:10,775
{\an7}\h\h\hSuddenly, near
the village of Shuri,
291
00:19:10,816 --> 00:19:13,444
{\an7}troops come under intense fire.
292
00:19:13,486 --> 00:19:15,947
{\an7}\h\hThey answer with
volleys of their own.
293
00:19:15,988 --> 00:19:21,410
{\an7}[gunfire]
294
00:19:21,452 --> 00:19:22,495
{\an7}But when the Japanese charge
295
00:19:22,536 --> 00:19:24,955
{\an7}with machine guns
and flamethrowers,
296
00:19:24,997 --> 00:19:28,042
{\an7}Americans have to retreat.
297
00:19:28,084 --> 00:19:32,171
{\an7}\hSoon after, another company
endures a hailstorm of mortars
298
00:19:32,213 --> 00:19:35,883
{\an7}\hcoming in at more
than one per second.
299
00:19:35,925 --> 00:19:38,928
{\an7}They lose 45 men.
300
00:19:38,969 --> 00:19:45,893
{\an7}US forces find themselves pinned
down by unrelenting fire.
301
00:19:45,935 --> 00:19:48,104
{\an7}\h\h\hThey have run
into the Shuri Line,
302
00:19:48,145 --> 00:19:52,024
{\an7}\h\h\h\ha defensive colossus
built into a mountain range.
303
00:19:52,066 --> 00:19:56,237
{\an7}It is a masterstroke
of military design.
304
00:19:56,278 --> 00:19:59,406
{\an7}The Japanese are entrenched
\h\hon the reverse slope --
305
00:19:59,448 --> 00:20:02,993
{\an7}\h\h\h\h\hinvisible to
approaching Americans.
306
00:20:03,035 --> 00:20:06,539
{\an7}\h\h\h\h\h\hEvery Japanese
position supports another.
307
00:20:06,580 --> 00:20:09,792
{\an7}\hEvery American is
caught in crossfire.
308
00:20:09,834 --> 00:20:11,377
{\an7}[gunfire]
309
00:20:11,419 --> 00:20:14,005
{\an7}\h\h\hMount Yae-Take
was a single hill --
310
00:20:14,046 --> 00:20:16,715
{\an7}and it took a week to conquer.
311
00:20:16,757 --> 00:20:19,051
{\an7}The Shuri Line is
an eight-mile-wide
312
00:20:19,093 --> 00:20:21,887
{\an7}coast-to-coast killing zone.
313
00:20:21,929 --> 00:20:24,932
{\an7}The worst elements
of Pacific warfare
314
00:20:24,974 --> 00:20:28,102
{\an7}\h\hall rolled into
a single nightmare.
315
00:20:28,144 --> 00:20:31,773
{\an7}\h\h\hThis is where America
realizes the brutal truth --
316
00:20:31,814 --> 00:20:35,359
{\an7}\h\hthe Japanese are no
longer fighting to win.
317
00:20:35,401 --> 00:20:38,279
{\an7}They only want to turn
the conquest of Okinawa
318
00:20:38,320 --> 00:20:40,864
{\an7}into a drawn-out bloodbath --
319
00:20:40,906 --> 00:20:46,578
{\an7}and give America second thoughts
about invading mainland Japan.
320
00:20:46,620 --> 00:20:51,208
{\an7}As April turns to
May, it’s working.
321
00:20:53,085 --> 00:20:58,757
{\an7}What started as a cakewalk
has become a meat grinder.
322
00:20:58,799 --> 00:21:01,760
{\an7}\h\h\h\h\h\hThe Shuri Line has
stalled the American advance --
323
00:21:01,802 --> 00:21:06,223
{\an7}\h\h\h\h\h\hand spilled
rising amounts of blood.
324
00:21:06,265 --> 00:21:09,643
{\an7}\hSo far there are
20,000 casualties.
325
00:21:09,685 --> 00:21:14,398
{\an7}\hMore than Tarawa
& Saipan combined.
326
00:21:14,440 --> 00:21:19,695
{\an7}Medical units scramble
to treat every injury.
327
00:21:19,737 --> 00:21:22,823
{\an7}\hBack home, officers
escorted by chaplains
328
00:21:22,865 --> 00:21:27,078
{\an7}will knock on countless doors.
329
00:21:28,204 --> 00:21:32,709
{\an7}\h\h\hOkinawa is becoming the
Pacific theater’s black hole.
330
00:21:36,504 --> 00:21:42,135
{\an7}\h\h\h\h\h\h\h\hThen, from the
European theater, news breaks.
331
00:21:42,176 --> 00:21:44,637
{\an7}♪ ♪
332
00:21:44,678 --> 00:21:47,014
{\an7}[crowd cheers]
333
00:21:47,056 --> 00:21:48,432
{\an7}\hNEWSREEL NARRATOR:
Throughout the world
334
00:21:48,474 --> 00:21:52,937
{\an7}\h\h\hthrongs of people hail
the end of the war in Europe.
335
00:21:52,978 --> 00:21:55,397
{\an7}NARRATOR: The world celebrates.
336
00:21:55,439 --> 00:21:58,609
{\an7}\h\hHitler is dead,
Germany surrenders,
337
00:21:58,651 --> 00:22:01,779
{\an7}and Europe is at peace.
338
00:22:01,821 --> 00:22:05,616
{\an7}\hBut on the other side of the
world, Japan still won’t budge.
339
00:22:05,658 --> 00:22:09,453
{\an7}♪ ♪
340
00:22:09,495 --> 00:22:12,331
{\an7}The battle for Okinawa
has already dragged on
341
00:22:12,373 --> 00:22:17,003
{\an7}longer than Iwo Jima or Saipan.
342
00:22:18,087 --> 00:22:24,343
{\an7}\hThe war seems endless. Combat
fatigue spreads like a disease.
343
00:22:24,385 --> 00:22:25,970
{\an7}\hSome units are on
the front lines for
344
00:22:26,011 --> 00:22:31,433
{\an7}\h\halmost four straight weeks
-- under constant bombardment.
345
00:22:31,475 --> 00:22:34,937
{\an7}\h\h\h\h\hThrough May, nearly
14,000 troops are pulled back
346
00:22:34,979 --> 00:22:39,358
{\an7}\h\h\hwith what the military
calls "non-battle" injuries.
347
00:22:39,400 --> 00:22:40,610
{\an7}\hLT KILPATRICK: We
had a lot of people
348
00:22:40,651 --> 00:22:43,279
{\an7}who had what we call a
"thousand-yard stare."
349
00:22:43,320 --> 00:22:46,907
{\an7}\hJust looking off and
not thinking anything.
350
00:22:46,949 --> 00:22:50,703
{\an7}\h\h\h\hWe lost a few that
were just completely gone.
351
00:22:52,454 --> 00:22:54,581
{\an7}\h\h\h\h\h\h\hNARRATOR: First
Lieutenant Charles Kilpatrick
352
00:22:54,623 --> 00:22:58,919
{\an7}sees one officer hit the wall.
353
00:22:58,961 --> 00:23:01,213
{\an7}LT KILPATRICK: And
he just broke down.
354
00:23:01,255 --> 00:23:04,759
{\an7}He said, "I can’t do it anymore.
355
00:23:04,800 --> 00:23:09,888
{\an7}\h\h\h\hI can’t send any more
boys out there to get killed."
356
00:23:15,436 --> 00:23:17,438
{\an7}NARRATOR: Until they
crack the Shuri Line,
357
00:23:17,479 --> 00:23:21,191
{\an7}\h\hthey’re trapped
in a slaughterhouse.
358
00:23:21,233 --> 00:23:26,697
{\an7}Overlooking the city of Naha is
a close triangle of small peaks
359
00:23:26,739 --> 00:23:32,662
{\an7}-- Horse Shoe, Half Moon, and
the now infamous Sugar Loaf.
360
00:23:32,703 --> 00:23:36,415
{\an7}♪ ♪
361
00:23:36,457 --> 00:23:40,795
{\an7}\h\hOn May 12th, a company
of Marines starts to climb.
362
00:23:40,836 --> 00:23:46,008
{\an7}\h\hThe higher they get,
the more fire they take.
363
00:23:46,050 --> 00:23:50,888
{\an7}Half the company is wounded
or killed on the first day.
364
00:23:50,930 --> 00:23:53,808
{\an7}\h\hThey retreat -- though
Marines like Thomas Durham
365
00:23:53,849 --> 00:23:56,602
{\an7}claim not to know that word.
366
00:23:56,644 --> 00:23:58,688
{\an7}\h\h\h\hPVT DURHAM: The
Marines didn’t retreat.
367
00:23:58,729 --> 00:24:01,774
{\an7}\h\hWe made a rapid
advance to the rear.
368
00:24:01,815 --> 00:24:03,692
{\an7}\h\hThose Japs are
damn good fighters,
369
00:24:03,734 --> 00:24:07,446
{\an7}\h\h\h\hand they were ready to
meet their honorable ancestors.
370
00:24:07,488 --> 00:24:10,157
{\an7}We were not.
371
00:24:10,199 --> 00:24:12,576
{\an7}\h\h\hNARRATOR: The Americans
realize that Sugar Loaf is the
372
00:24:12,618 --> 00:24:15,663
{\an7}western anchor of the Shuri
Line -- the defensive wall
373
00:24:15,704 --> 00:24:19,958
{\an7}they’ve already been
pounding for a month.
374
00:24:20,000 --> 00:24:25,964
{\an7}They can’t break through
until they win this hill.
375
00:24:27,675 --> 00:24:31,053
{\an7}♪ ♪
376
00:24:31,095 --> 00:24:33,848
{\an7}\h\h\h\h\hOn Okinawa,
civilians can’t escape
377
00:24:33,889 --> 00:24:37,059
{\an7}\h\h\h\h\h\h\h\hthe armies
torching their home island.
378
00:24:37,101 --> 00:24:40,563
{\an7}\h\hTheir lives are
turning into ashes.
379
00:24:40,604 --> 00:24:47,402
{\an7}♪ ♪
380
00:24:47,444 --> 00:24:50,447
{\an7}Seeking shelter from
the storm of combat,
381
00:24:50,489 --> 00:24:55,077
{\an7}\h\h\h\h\hthey stream into
burgeoning refugee camps --
382
00:24:55,119 --> 00:25:00,124
{\an7}sometimes more than 1,000 a day.
383
00:25:09,717 --> 00:25:12,428
{\an7}\h\h\h\h\h\h\hThey have no
kinship with the Japanese,
384
00:25:12,469 --> 00:25:14,930
{\an7}no loyalties to the Americans,
385
00:25:14,972 --> 00:25:19,602
{\an7}\hand no idea how to
get through it alive.
386
00:25:19,643 --> 00:25:21,478
{\an7}General Buckner writes:
387
00:25:21,520 --> 00:25:24,648
{\an7}\h\h\h\h\h\hGEN BUCKNER: A few
Okinawans had been given guns.
388
00:25:24,690 --> 00:25:29,987
{\an7}\hThey don’t know either how
to fight or how to surrender.
389
00:25:30,029 --> 00:25:32,573
{\an7}\h\h\h\hThey shoot a few
rounds and go into caves
390
00:25:32,614 --> 00:25:35,575
{\an7}\h\hbut won’t come out
and have to be killed.
391
00:25:35,617 --> 00:25:38,453
{\an7}[explosion]
392
00:25:41,749 --> 00:25:46,837
{\an7}\hNARRATOR: The only life they
ever knew has been blown apart.
393
00:25:46,879 --> 00:25:50,007
{\an7}They are shell shocked.
394
00:25:54,845 --> 00:25:58,766
{\an7}Children are most vulnerable.
395
00:25:58,807 --> 00:26:01,852
{\an7}\h\h\h\hIf they aren’t directly
injured, they are malnourished,
396
00:26:01,894 --> 00:26:06,565
{\an7}\h\h\h\h\h\hand surely
confused and terrified.
397
00:26:10,444 --> 00:26:13,614
{\an7}\h\h\h\h\hIn one instance,
Americans come upon a girl
398
00:26:13,655 --> 00:26:17,242
{\an7}\h\h\h\h\h\h\hwho refused to
retreat with Japanese troops.
399
00:26:17,284 --> 00:26:22,164
{\an7}\h\h\h\hAs punishment,
they cut off her foot.
400
00:26:24,374 --> 00:26:26,835
{\an7}\h\h\h\hIt will take a
long time for Okinawans
401
00:26:26,877 --> 00:26:29,338
{\an7}\h\hto recover from
having their island
402
00:26:29,379 --> 00:26:33,091
{\an7}turned into a killing field.
403
00:26:37,054 --> 00:26:41,016
{\an7}\h\h\h\h\h\hElsewhere in the
Pacific, Americans have help.
404
00:26:41,058 --> 00:26:45,646
{\an7}\h\h\hOn Borneo, Australians
lead the invasion of Labuan.
405
00:26:45,687 --> 00:26:48,356
{\an7}♪ ♪
406
00:26:48,398 --> 00:26:52,652
{\an7}It’s a big Japanese supply hub.
407
00:26:52,694 --> 00:26:55,405
{\an7}\h\h\hFrom here they’ve been
shipping local oil and rubber
408
00:26:55,447 --> 00:26:59,493
{\an7}back to Japan.
409
00:27:01,328 --> 00:27:03,372
{\an7}\hJournalist William
Courtenay is filming
410
00:27:03,413 --> 00:27:07,000
{\an7}\h\hfrom the open hatch
of an Australian bomber.
411
00:27:07,042 --> 00:27:10,170
{\an7}Gunners inside take aim.
412
00:27:10,212 --> 00:27:14,508
{\an7}They target the ships first.
413
00:27:14,550 --> 00:27:20,723
{\an7}\h\hHere a long plume of black
smoke pours from an oil tanker.
414
00:27:20,764 --> 00:27:25,352
{\an7}\h\h\hThe waist gunner tries to
finish it off, tracers blazing.
415
00:27:25,394 --> 00:27:28,814
{\an7}[artillery fire]
416
00:27:28,856 --> 00:27:34,653
{\an7}\hThey leave dozens of Japanese
transports burning on the beach.
417
00:27:38,532 --> 00:27:42,286
{\an7}\hThen, 90 American
and Australian ships
418
00:27:42,327 --> 00:27:46,081
{\an7}get into position.
419
00:27:46,123 --> 00:27:49,293
{\an7}\hWith one signal,
the barrage begins.
420
00:27:49,334 --> 00:27:54,339
{\an7}[rocket fire]
421
00:27:57,801 --> 00:28:00,762
{\an7}Rockets arc into the beachhead.
422
00:28:01,930 --> 00:28:05,892
{\an7}\h\hTwenty-millimeter
shells pierce the air.
423
00:28:09,688 --> 00:28:10,981
{\an7}LEO: We blasted the island
424
00:28:11,023 --> 00:28:14,276
{\an7}\h\h\h\h\hwith everything we
could possibly throw at them.
425
00:28:14,318 --> 00:28:16,195
{\an7}\h\hNARRATOR: Yankee
gunners clear the way
426
00:28:16,236 --> 00:28:21,241
{\an7}as Aussie troops brace
themselves for combat.
427
00:28:21,283 --> 00:28:24,119
{\an7}TED: To say we were scared
would be an understatement,
428
00:28:24,161 --> 00:28:26,080
{\an7}but we were joking
amongst ourselves,
429
00:28:26,121 --> 00:28:29,625
{\an7}which steadied our nerves.
430
00:28:31,501 --> 00:28:36,297
{\an7}\h\hNARRATOR: Finally,
they land -- unopposed.
431
00:28:36,340 --> 00:28:41,011
{\an7}\h\h\h\h\hThe pre-landing
bombardment does its job.
432
00:28:41,053 --> 00:28:46,559
{\an7}\h\h\h\h\h\hThe Australian
troops stroll onto Labuan.
433
00:28:47,768 --> 00:28:52,356
{\an7}\h\h\h\h\h\h\hIt’s like
Okinawa, an eerie calm.
434
00:28:53,398 --> 00:28:58,028
{\an7}\h\hJust hours later, two
commanders come ashore --
435
00:28:58,070 --> 00:29:00,573
{\an7}\h\h\h\h\h\h\h\hAustralia’s
Lieutenant General Morshead
436
00:29:00,614 --> 00:29:03,659
{\an7}and America’s General MacArthur.
437
00:29:05,535 --> 00:29:08,705
{\an7}MacArthur never likes to
be seen breaking a sweat.
438
00:29:08,747 --> 00:29:13,085
{\an7}On Borneo in June, he relents.
439
00:29:15,712 --> 00:29:20,884
{\an7}They survey the scene --
including dead Japanese.
440
00:29:22,094 --> 00:29:26,557
{\an7}Most, they learn, are
dug in further inland.
441
00:29:31,144 --> 00:29:35,148
{\an7}\h\hIt will be up to the
Aussies to dislodge them.
442
00:29:35,190 --> 00:29:37,651
{\an7}\h\h\hThey heave shells
into the rugged interior
443
00:29:37,693 --> 00:29:41,197
{\an7}with a British field gun.
444
00:29:41,238 --> 00:29:42,698
{\an7}It’s a start, but they know
445
00:29:42,739 --> 00:29:45,533
{\an7}\hthey’ll have to
go in themselves.
446
00:29:45,575 --> 00:29:49,037
{\an7}[shells exploding]
447
00:29:49,079 --> 00:29:52,124
{\an7}\h\h\h\hWhen they do,
they pay the price --
448
00:29:52,165 --> 00:29:55,585
{\an7}\h\h\h\h\h\h\hmostly from
landmines and booby traps.
449
00:29:55,627 --> 00:30:00,632
{\an7}♪ ♪
450
00:30:11,601 --> 00:30:16,106
{\an7}The Japanese fight to the end,
preferring death to capture.
451
00:30:16,148 --> 00:30:22,404
{\an7}\h\hOnly 200 survive
out of 2,000 troops.
452
00:30:22,446 --> 00:30:27,409
{\an7}\h\h\h\h\hBut civilians
carry the biggest scars.
453
00:30:27,451 --> 00:30:34,083
{\an7}Under Japanese occupation, they
were neglected, if not abused.
454
00:30:36,501 --> 00:30:41,006
{\an7}\hNow they welcome
Australian troops,
455
00:30:41,048 --> 00:30:47,721
{\an7}hoping the big men in the funny
hats signal better days ahead.
456
00:30:52,142 --> 00:30:55,187
{\an7}\h\h\h\h\hThe boys from down
under are taking back Borneo
457
00:30:55,228 --> 00:30:58,148
{\an7}and bringing back peace.
458
00:31:00,067 --> 00:31:02,111
{\an7}[explosion]
459
00:31:02,152 --> 00:31:06,657
{\an7}\h\hOn Okinawa, peace
is still a pipe dream.
460
00:31:06,698 --> 00:31:08,867
{\an7}Americans are throwing
their biggest hardware
461
00:31:08,909 --> 00:31:17,334
{\an7}at the Shuri Line -- Japan’s
\hcolossal line of defense.
462
00:31:17,376 --> 00:31:21,213
{\an7}\hIt’s an unknown
underground maze.
463
00:31:21,254 --> 00:31:23,923
{\an7}\h\h\h\hA surprise attack
could come from anywhere,
464
00:31:23,965 --> 00:31:26,301
{\an7}\h\h\h\h\hso Americans
don’t take any chances.
465
00:31:26,343 --> 00:31:31,348
{\an7}[explosions]
466
00:31:32,224 --> 00:31:37,146
{\an7}Explosions stun anyone inside.
467
00:31:37,187 --> 00:31:40,732
{\an7}Often, the enemy stumbles out.
468
00:31:42,067 --> 00:31:46,196
{\an7}Other times, it is civilians.
469
00:31:47,155 --> 00:31:50,700
{\an7}\h\h\hFrom Sugar Loaf Hill all
the way across the Shuri Line,
470
00:31:50,742 --> 00:31:55,664
{\an7}progress is agonizingly slow.
471
00:31:55,705 --> 00:31:58,958
{\an7}\h\hOne general estimates
there are 70,000 Japanese
472
00:31:59,000 --> 00:32:03,546
{\an7}holed up underground.
473
00:32:03,588 --> 00:32:06,466
{\an7}\h\h\h"I see no way to
get them out", he says,
474
00:32:06,508 --> 00:32:10,887
{\an7}"but to blast them
out yard by yard."
475
00:32:13,014 --> 00:32:15,975
{\an7}\h\hThe sluggish pace of
the ground war on Okinawa
476
00:32:16,017 --> 00:32:18,978
{\an7}doesn’t make things easy at sea.
477
00:32:19,020 --> 00:32:22,106
{\an7}As the weeks drag on,
Admiral Chester Nimitz
478
00:32:22,149 --> 00:32:26,737
{\an7}increasingly views his
fleet as sitting ducks.
479
00:32:26,778 --> 00:32:31,491
{\an7}\h\hThe pressure of
war takes its toll.
480
00:32:31,533 --> 00:32:33,869
{\an7}And kamikazes keep coming.
481
00:32:33,910 --> 00:32:37,914
{\an7}[explosions]
482
00:32:37,956 --> 00:32:39,916
{\an7}\h\h\h\hAt their peak,
attacks kill an average
483
00:32:39,958 --> 00:32:43,378
{\an7}of 30 sailors per day.
484
00:32:46,214 --> 00:32:49,467
{\an7}There is no end in sight.
485
00:32:52,262 --> 00:32:54,181
{\an7}\h\hA zero is filmed
heading straight for
486
00:32:54,222 --> 00:32:57,058
{\an7}.
487
00:32:59,102 --> 00:33:01,146
{\an7}[explosion]
488
00:33:01,188 --> 00:33:04,566
{\an7}\hSix hundred are
killed or injured.
489
00:33:04,608 --> 00:33:09,113
{\an7}She has to retreat from duty.
490
00:33:09,154 --> 00:33:14,326
{\an7}\h\h\h\h\h\h\h\h\h\h\h\h\h\h\h\h\h\h\h\h\h-- a
hospital ship -- also gets hit.
491
00:33:14,367 --> 00:33:16,244
{\an7}\h\hThe plane rips
through three decks
492
00:33:16,286 --> 00:33:18,789
{\an7}and explodes in the surgery bay,
493
00:33:18,830 --> 00:33:23,918
{\an7}\h\hkilling doctors,
nurses, and patients.
494
00:33:28,548 --> 00:33:30,550
{\an7}For sailors like Howard Jones,
495
00:33:30,592 --> 00:33:34,346
{\an7}\h\h\hthe horror is
burned into memory.
496
00:33:34,387 --> 00:33:36,347
{\an7}\hSN JONES: The smoke
went down in the ship
497
00:33:36,389 --> 00:33:41,895
{\an7}and so many guys suffocated.
498
00:33:41,937 --> 00:33:44,606
{\an7}\h\h\hSN CLEMENTSON: Seeing the
dead didn’t bother me too much,
499
00:33:44,648 --> 00:33:46,316
{\an7}but the wounded,
500
00:33:46,358 --> 00:33:49,194
{\an7}\h\h\h\h\h\hwhen they’re lying
there suffering and moaning...
501
00:33:49,236 --> 00:33:50,988
{\an7}that’s what really hit me.
502
00:33:51,029 --> 00:33:54,324
{\an7}I just couldn’t take that.
503
00:33:56,660 --> 00:34:00,289
{\an7}NARRATOR: Japan intentionally
\h\h\h\hcrashes 1,900 planes
504
00:34:00,330 --> 00:34:02,999
{\an7}in suicide dives
around Okinawa --
505
00:34:03,041 --> 00:34:05,335
{\an7}the most intense
kamikaze attacks
506
00:34:05,377 --> 00:34:09,798
{\an7}of the entire Pacific campaign.
507
00:34:09,839 --> 00:34:15,345
{\an7}\hThey sink 26 ships
and damage 164 more.
508
00:34:15,387 --> 00:34:18,765
{\an7}\h\h\h\h\h\h\h\hThe Japanese
consider it noble sacrifice.
509
00:34:18,807 --> 00:34:24,396
{\an7}\h\h\h\h\h\h\h\hThe Americans
consider it inhumane warfare.
510
00:34:24,437 --> 00:34:27,273
{\an7}SN JONES: The next day... the
worst part of my life was...
511
00:34:27,315 --> 00:34:28,858
{\an7}\h\h\hwe all had to get
all these guys together
512
00:34:28,900 --> 00:34:31,945
{\an7}in, you know, the bags.
513
00:34:34,447 --> 00:34:37,867
{\an7}\h\h\hENS AITKEN: You
can’t identify people.
514
00:34:37,909 --> 00:34:41,496
{\an7}The right thing to
do is bury at sea.
515
00:34:45,083 --> 00:34:48,044
{\an7}NARRATOR: It is the greatest
concentration of Navy losses
516
00:34:48,086 --> 00:34:51,006
{\an7}since Pearl Harbor.
517
00:34:55,385 --> 00:34:57,554
{\an7}Since the first failed attacks,
518
00:34:57,596 --> 00:35:02,392
{\an7}\h\h\hOkinawa’s Sugar Loaf
Hill has become a massacre.
519
00:35:02,434 --> 00:35:05,646
{\an7}\h\h\hWith Japanese holding
the other two hills nearby,
520
00:35:05,687 --> 00:35:10,817
{\an7}there is crossfire no matter
where the Americans charge.
521
00:35:12,110 --> 00:35:16,156
{\an7}\h\h\hTwo days into it,
Marines charge up again.
522
00:35:16,197 --> 00:35:21,202
{\an7}[shouting and gunfire]
523
00:35:23,913 --> 00:35:27,333
{\an7}After 48 hours of
nonstop fighting,
524
00:35:27,375 --> 00:35:31,796
{\an7}\h\h\hthey are back where they
started -- less 400 casualties.
525
00:35:31,838 --> 00:35:33,631
{\an7}♪ ♪
526
00:35:33,673 --> 00:35:38,052
{\an7}They try again, this
time with 1,200 men.
527
00:35:38,094 --> 00:35:40,972
{\an7}Same result.
528
00:35:42,474 --> 00:35:46,103
{\an7}\hBy now, the equivalent of two
full regiments have attacked --
529
00:35:46,144 --> 00:35:48,980
{\an7}and gotten nowhere.
530
00:35:51,524 --> 00:35:55,737
{\an7}\h\hFor days on end they
fight over the same hill.
531
00:35:55,779 --> 00:35:59,241
{\an7}♪ ♪
532
00:35:59,282 --> 00:36:02,076
{\an7}\h\h\h\h\h\hMarines throw
grenades from one side...
533
00:36:02,118 --> 00:36:06,456
{\an7}and take incendiary
fire from the other.
534
00:36:06,498 --> 00:36:10,752
{\an7}At times their trenches
are only 25 yards apart.
535
00:36:12,212 --> 00:36:14,506
{\an7}\h\hOn a single day,
the crest of the hill
536
00:36:14,547 --> 00:36:19,135
{\an7}changes hands 11 times.
537
00:36:19,177 --> 00:36:21,596
{\an7}\h\h\h\h\h\hAs dead and
wounded are carried off,
538
00:36:21,638 --> 00:36:26,893
{\an7}new troops rush in with no
idea what they are in for.
539
00:36:26,935 --> 00:36:30,272
{\an7}\h\h\hDavid McFadden
remembers the chaos.
540
00:36:30,313 --> 00:36:31,940
{\an7}\h\h\h\hLT MCFADDEN: They
commandeered as many boys
541
00:36:31,981 --> 00:36:33,357
{\an7}as they could muster.
542
00:36:33,400 --> 00:36:35,235
{\an7}\h\h\h\hInstead of a
company or battalion,
543
00:36:35,276 --> 00:36:37,236
{\an7}they threw them all together,
544
00:36:37,278 --> 00:36:40,698
{\an7}\h\h\h’cause they didn’t
have enough to go around.
545
00:36:40,740 --> 00:36:46,120
{\an7}NARRATOR: But the enemy has no
replacements, no supply lines.
546
00:36:46,162 --> 00:36:50,958
{\an7}\h\h\h\hEventually, the
Marines wear them down.
547
00:36:51,710 --> 00:36:57,007
{\an7}After 10 days, Americans finally
climb Sugar Loaf Hill --
548
00:36:57,048 --> 00:36:59,717
{\an7}and hold it.
549
00:36:59,759 --> 00:37:06,516
{\an7}\hThey stand on the shoulders of
more than 9,000 fallen comrades.
550
00:37:10,311 --> 00:37:13,105
{\an7}\h\h\hA military historian
would later call the battle
551
00:37:13,148 --> 00:37:17,527
{\an7}\h\h\h\h\h\h"unmatched for
closeness and desperation."
552
00:37:17,569 --> 00:37:23,283
{\an7}\h\hSome regiments lose
two-thirds of their men.
553
00:37:23,324 --> 00:37:25,785
{\an7}\h\h\h\h\hIt is one of the
costliest pieces of ground
554
00:37:25,827 --> 00:37:29,539
{\an7}in Marine Corps history.
555
00:37:29,581 --> 00:37:32,667
{\an7}LT MCFADDEN: We didn’t
have much celebration.
556
00:37:32,709 --> 00:37:39,257
{\an7}They just wanted to go home,
and you couldn’t blame them.
557
00:37:39,299 --> 00:37:41,259
{\an7}\h\h\hNARRATOR: With the
Shuri Line about to fall,
558
00:37:41,301 --> 00:37:42,969
{\an7}the exhausted Americans hope
559
00:37:43,011 --> 00:37:46,264
{\an7}\hthey are nearing
the end of combat.
560
00:37:53,772 --> 00:37:57,317
{\an7}But just when Americans think
the Japanese are on the run,
561
00:37:57,358 --> 00:38:03,990
{\an7}\h\h\hrain soaks Okinawa --
almost 12 inches in 10 days.
562
00:38:06,785 --> 00:38:08,537
{\an7}\h\h\h\hGEN BUCKNER: Heavy
rain has stopped our tanks
563
00:38:08,578 --> 00:38:10,997
{\an7}\h\h\hand is impeding
supply just at a time
564
00:38:11,039 --> 00:38:16,503
{\an7}\h\h\h\h\h\h\h\hwhen rapid
progress is most desirable.
565
00:38:16,544 --> 00:38:18,629
{\an7}\h\h\h\hNARRATOR: What is
already difficult terrain
566
00:38:18,671 --> 00:38:22,091
{\an7}becomes nearly impassable.
567
00:38:22,133 --> 00:38:24,469
{\an7}Roads become rivers.
568
00:38:24,511 --> 00:38:27,097
{\an7}Camps become swamps.
569
00:38:27,138 --> 00:38:30,558
{\an7}And war becomes impossible.
570
00:38:32,560 --> 00:38:33,728
{\an7}\h\hLT KILPATRICK:
The mud got so deep
571
00:38:33,770 --> 00:38:37,315
{\an7}\h\h\h\hthat suddenly we
stopped getting supplies.
572
00:38:37,357 --> 00:38:39,317
{\an7}\h\hWe weren’t getting any
shells, any hand grenades,
573
00:38:39,359 --> 00:38:41,820
{\an7}any food, any water.
574
00:38:41,861 --> 00:38:43,571
{\an7}\h\h\hEven bulldozers
would sink as much as
575
00:38:43,613 --> 00:38:48,326
{\an7}\h\hthree feet down in the mud,
so they couldn’t haul it to us.
576
00:38:49,452 --> 00:38:54,916
{\an7}\h\hNARRATOR: Troops have to lug
ammunition to the front by hand.
577
00:38:57,252 --> 00:38:59,212
{\an7}\h\h\hWounded have to be
carried all the way back
578
00:38:59,254 --> 00:39:02,299
{\an7}to rear medical units.
579
00:39:03,091 --> 00:39:05,927
{\an7}Sanitation measures break down.
580
00:39:07,136 --> 00:39:09,972
{\an7}Morale sinks.
581
00:39:14,269 --> 00:39:15,937
{\an7}The Japanese could retreat into
582
00:39:15,979 --> 00:39:19,232
{\an7}\h\h\h\h\hthe relative
comfort of their caves.
583
00:39:19,274 --> 00:39:25,071
{\an7}The Americans could only wait
\hit out in cold, wet misery.
584
00:39:26,239 --> 00:39:27,323
{\an7}\h\hLT KILPATRICK: As
it rained, the foxhole
585
00:39:27,365 --> 00:39:30,451
{\an7}\h\h\h\h\hwould start
filling up with water.
586
00:39:30,493 --> 00:39:32,537
{\an7}Everybody smelled.
587
00:39:32,579 --> 00:39:36,458
{\an7}\h\h\hYou had blood on you
and parts of bodies on you.
588
00:39:36,499 --> 00:39:40,837
{\an7}\h\h\h\hEverybody got
diarrhea or dysentery.
589
00:39:40,879 --> 00:39:45,634
{\an7}NARRATOR: For more than a week,
it appears to be a standoff.
590
00:39:45,675 --> 00:39:50,722
{\an7}\h\h\hBut the Japanese
are not standing still.
591
00:39:53,558 --> 00:39:56,311
{\an7}\h\h\h\h\hWhen the weather
finally breaks on Okinawa,
592
00:39:56,352 --> 00:39:58,646
{\an7}the Americans mobilize.
593
00:39:58,688 --> 00:40:03,359
{\an7}\h\hThe Japanese defenses on
the Shuri Line are crumbling.
594
00:40:05,278 --> 00:40:08,490
{\an7}US troops have been pounding
away at this one ridgeline
595
00:40:08,531 --> 00:40:11,159
{\an7}for two bloody months.
596
00:40:11,200 --> 00:40:14,912
{\an7}\h\h\h\h\h\h\hSo far 20,000
Americans have been wounded
597
00:40:14,954 --> 00:40:20,126
{\an7}\hand 50,000 Japanese killed
-- just to crest its heights.
598
00:40:20,168 --> 00:40:22,587
{\an7}\h\hNow they are closing in
on the enemy’s headquarters
599
00:40:22,629 --> 00:40:24,214
{\an7}at Shuri Castle --
600
00:40:24,255 --> 00:40:26,716
{\an7}\h\h\h\hwhere they hope
General Ushijima himself
601
00:40:26,758 --> 00:40:30,971
{\an7}\h\his holed up for
the final showdown.
602
00:40:31,638 --> 00:40:36,101
{\an7}\h\hThey find the castle blown
to bits by American artillery.
603
00:40:36,142 --> 00:40:37,810
{\an7}LT KILPATRICK: They must have
shot a million dollars’ worth
604
00:40:37,852 --> 00:40:43,399
{\an7}\hof shells into that thing
just kicking it up in dust.
605
00:40:43,441 --> 00:40:47,862
{\an7}\h\hNARRATOR: Troops find it
unrecognizable, undefended...
606
00:40:47,904 --> 00:40:51,282
{\an7}and abandoned.
607
00:40:52,784 --> 00:40:57,205
{\an7}\h\h\h\hThe Japanese
have vanished. Again.
608
00:40:57,246 --> 00:41:03,002
{\an7}American troops raise a flag,
\hbut the victory is hollow.
609
00:41:03,044 --> 00:41:05,213
{\an7}\h\hBy now they realize
the enemy is building up
610
00:41:05,254 --> 00:41:07,590
{\an7}another line farther south,
611
00:41:07,632 --> 00:41:12,303
{\an7}\hto extend the war
as long as possible.
612
00:41:14,806 --> 00:41:16,599
{\an7}For the soldiers on Okinawa,
613
00:41:16,641 --> 00:41:20,603
{\an7}\hJune is an exhausting slog
to the bottom of the island.
614
00:41:20,645 --> 00:41:25,650
{\an7}♪ ♪
615
00:41:27,860 --> 00:41:33,032
{\an7}The Americans slowly advance
against weakening resistance.
616
00:41:33,533 --> 00:41:37,912
{\an7}[gunfire]
617
00:41:37,954 --> 00:41:39,831
{\an7}\h\h\h\h\hThe retreating
soldiers are being killed
618
00:41:39,872 --> 00:41:43,542
{\an7}at a rate of one
thousand per day.
619
00:41:47,630 --> 00:41:49,090
{\an7}\hYet they manage
to make Americans
620
00:41:49,132 --> 00:41:52,552
{\an7}pay for every mile they gain.
621
00:41:54,595 --> 00:41:57,598
{\an7}\h\h\hCave defenses
are still a threat.
622
00:41:57,640 --> 00:42:00,226
{\an7}\h\h\h\hAmericans fire
streams of liquid flame
623
00:42:00,268 --> 00:42:03,980
{\an7}to incinerate anyone inside...
624
00:42:05,773 --> 00:42:09,694
{\an7}\hthen use explosives
to seal the cave shut.
625
00:42:10,194 --> 00:42:12,905
{\an7}[explosion]
626
00:42:12,947 --> 00:42:14,782
{\an7}\hGeneral Buckner
calls this method
627
00:42:14,824 --> 00:42:19,037
{\an7}"blowtorch and corkscrew."
628
00:42:19,078 --> 00:42:24,041
{\an7}\hOkinawa is now about
killing, not capturing.
629
00:42:27,378 --> 00:42:29,964
{\an7}At sea, it’s the same equation.
630
00:42:30,006 --> 00:42:33,968
{\an7}Kill first, take
prisoners later.
631
00:42:35,011 --> 00:42:38,264
{\an7}Far from Okinawa in
the South China Sea,
632
00:42:38,306 --> 00:42:41,935
{\an7}\h\h\h\h\h\h\h\hUSS
patrols the area
633
00:42:41,976 --> 00:42:47,440
{\an7}\hafter torpedoing two
distant Japanese ships.
634
00:42:47,482 --> 00:42:50,068
{\an7}\h\hFour days later they
spot desperate survivors
635
00:42:50,109 --> 00:42:53,362
{\an7}clinging to floating wreckage.
636
00:42:55,156 --> 00:42:58,868
{\an7}\h\h\h\h\hThe submarine
commander gets a shock.
637
00:42:58,910 --> 00:43:02,372
{\an7}\h\h\hLCDR DAVIS: They
were speaking English.
638
00:43:06,125 --> 00:43:08,252
{\an7}\h\h\h\hK.L.: My eyes
were paining with oil,
639
00:43:08,294 --> 00:43:11,672
{\an7}\h\hbut we got a rope
and were taken aboard.
640
00:43:11,714 --> 00:43:12,840
{\an7}NARRATOR: These men are
641
00:43:12,882 --> 00:43:16,135
{\an7}\h\h\h\h\hAustralian and
British prisoners of war.
642
00:43:16,177 --> 00:43:21,182
{\an7}♪ ♪
643
00:43:25,436 --> 00:43:26,771
{\an7}\h\h\hLCDR DAVIS: We
had a devil of a time
644
00:43:26,813 --> 00:43:28,565
{\an7}trying to get them on board.
645
00:43:28,606 --> 00:43:32,026
{\an7}They were too slick to pick up.
646
00:43:38,366 --> 00:43:40,201
{\an7}\hNARRATOR: Two thousand
of them were crammed onto
647
00:43:40,243 --> 00:43:42,287
{\an7}two Japanese cargo ships,
648
00:43:42,328 --> 00:43:46,541
{\an7}\h\h\h\h\h\hwhen they were
torpedoed by the Americans.
649
00:43:47,375 --> 00:43:52,755
{\an7}Most of the POWs are dead
-- sunk by their own side.
650
00:43:52,797 --> 00:43:55,383
{\an7}\h\h\hThe lucky ones
survive -- barely --
651
00:43:55,424 --> 00:43:58,719
{\an7}after four days on the open sea.
652
00:43:58,761 --> 00:44:01,889
{\an7}\hOne hundred and
fifty are rescued.
653
00:44:03,558 --> 00:44:04,934
{\an7}\hLCDR DAVIS: They
were very thankful.
654
00:44:04,976 --> 00:44:07,145
{\an7}They said, "You bloody Yanks,
655
00:44:07,186 --> 00:44:10,856
{\an7}\h\hyou sink us one night
and pick us up the next."
656
00:44:10,898 --> 00:44:13,275
{\an7}\hBut they said they were
darn glad they were sunk,
657
00:44:13,317 --> 00:44:15,611
{\an7}and that they would cheer
every time hit their ship,
658
00:44:15,653 --> 00:44:20,741
{\an7}\h\h\hbecause they wanted to
see the sons-of-guns go down.
659
00:44:20,783 --> 00:44:22,660
{\an7}\h\h\h\h\h\hK.L.: Can you
imagine the shock we got?
660
00:44:22,702 --> 00:44:25,663
{\an7}\h\h\hWater, tomato
soup and crackers --
661
00:44:25,705 --> 00:44:30,460
{\an7}\h\hsomething that we never
had in two and a half years.
662
00:44:30,501 --> 00:44:31,919
{\an7}\h\h\hLCDR DAVIS: The
crew gave them clothes
663
00:44:31,961 --> 00:44:33,337
{\an7}and wrote letters for them.
664
00:44:33,379 --> 00:44:37,174
{\an7}\hIt was amazing to see
their brotherly spirit.
665
00:44:38,676 --> 00:44:40,678
{\an7}\h\h\h\hNARRATOR: As the
survivors gain strength,
666
00:44:40,720 --> 00:44:45,558
{\an7}\h\h\h\h\hthey unspool a
story that defies belief.
667
00:44:45,600 --> 00:44:49,104
{\an7}\h\hThey come from a secret
prison camp deep in Thailand
668
00:44:49,145 --> 00:44:52,106
{\an7}with enough POWs
to fill a city --
669
00:44:52,148 --> 00:44:55,318
{\an7}a quarter of a million men,
670
00:44:55,359 --> 00:44:58,904
{\an7}including 60,000 British,
Australians, and Dutch --
671
00:44:58,946 --> 00:45:03,492
{\an7}and at least 1,000
missing Americans.
672
00:45:03,534 --> 00:45:05,494
{\an7}\h\h\hThey were brought
here to build a railroad
673
00:45:05,536 --> 00:45:10,416
{\an7}from Thailand to Burma
across the river Kwai.
674
00:45:10,458 --> 00:45:17,465
{\an7}The men are beaten and tortured,
forced to live as slaves.
675
00:45:17,506 --> 00:45:22,469
{\an7}Reuben Kandler -- a British
POW -- describes the horror:
676
00:45:22,511 --> 00:45:26,181
{\an7}REUBEN: The appalling conditions
have made us dangerously thin.
677
00:45:26,224 --> 00:45:30,103
{\an7}We have no beds, inadequate
\h\hshelter, atrocious diet
678
00:45:30,144 --> 00:45:32,063
{\an7}and no sanitation.
679
00:45:32,104 --> 00:45:34,898
{\an7}\hWe have lost all
our clothes, shoes,
680
00:45:34,941 --> 00:45:39,612
{\an7}and have taken to wearing
our shirts as loincloths.
681
00:45:39,654 --> 00:45:45,034
{\an7}\h\hIn almost no time we
have become skeleton men.
682
00:45:45,076 --> 00:45:48,997
{\an7}\hNARRATOR: Nearly one third
of the POWs die in captivity.
683
00:45:49,038 --> 00:45:51,707
{\an7}Survivors have no end in sight.
684
00:45:51,749 --> 00:45:57,004
{\an7}\h\hAll they see are their
own comrades wasting away.
685
00:45:58,422 --> 00:46:04,637
{\an7}Back on Okinawa, exhaustion
\his crippling both sides.
686
00:46:04,679 --> 00:46:07,974
{\an7}\h\h\hLess than a third of
the Japanese Army is left,
687
00:46:08,015 --> 00:46:13,312
{\an7}\h\h\hand they form a last
line of defense by the sea.
688
00:46:13,354 --> 00:46:15,982
{\an7}\h\h\hIt’s not nearly as
strong as the Shuri Line.
689
00:46:16,023 --> 00:46:21,278
{\an7}\h\hBut this is where General
Ushijima makes his last stand.
690
00:46:21,320 --> 00:46:23,155
{\an7}GEN USHIJIMA: The present
position will be defended
691
00:46:23,197 --> 00:46:26,450
{\an7}\h\h\h\hto the death,
even to the last man.
692
00:46:26,492 --> 00:46:31,247
{\an7}\h\hNeedless to say,
retreat is forbidden.
693
00:46:31,289 --> 00:46:32,540
{\an7}\h\h\h\h\h\h\hNARRATOR: The
Japanese are running out of
694
00:46:32,581 --> 00:46:36,251
{\an7}soldiers, ammunition, and land.
695
00:46:36,294 --> 00:46:39,798
{\an7}\hThey have their
backs to the sea.
696
00:46:41,132 --> 00:46:43,134
{\an7}\hAmericans try to
persuade civilians
697
00:46:43,175 --> 00:46:46,095
{\an7}to surrender rather than die.
698
00:46:46,137 --> 00:46:52,602
{\an7}\h\hIn one case, they lure 600
Okinawans out of a single cave.
699
00:46:52,643 --> 00:46:56,397
{\an7}\h\h\h\h\hThey are less
forgiving to the enemy.
700
00:46:56,439 --> 00:46:59,817
{\an7}\hSome refuse to take any
Japanese prisoners at all,
701
00:46:59,859 --> 00:47:05,281
{\an7}\h\h\h\h\hkilling them on
sight, white flag or not.
702
00:47:07,074 --> 00:47:09,785
{\an7}\hBy June 17th, the
Japanese on Okinawa
703
00:47:09,827 --> 00:47:16,000
{\an7}\h\hhave only eight square miles
left, with few places to hide.
704
00:47:16,042 --> 00:47:18,336
{\an7}Americans can see the coast,
705
00:47:18,377 --> 00:47:23,007
{\an7}and they are burning
their way to the sea.
706
00:47:25,634 --> 00:47:29,930
{\an7}[explosions]
707
00:47:29,972 --> 00:47:33,476
{\an7}\h\hJapanese leaders are
huddled in seaside caves.
708
00:47:33,517 --> 00:47:36,145
{\an7}\h\hIt is so cramped
that General Ushijima
709
00:47:36,187 --> 00:47:39,691
{\an7}cannot stretch out his legs.
710
00:47:39,732 --> 00:47:42,276
{\an7}\hHe receives a message
from General Buckner --
711
00:47:42,318 --> 00:47:45,988
{\an7}\h\h\h\h\han offer to enter
negotiations for surrender.
712
00:47:46,030 --> 00:47:48,157
{\an7}\h\h\h\h\h\h\hGEN BUCKNER: You
understand as clearly as I that
713
00:47:48,199 --> 00:47:51,035
{\an7}the destruction of all Japanese
resistance on the island
714
00:47:51,077 --> 00:47:53,871
{\an7}is merely a matter of days.
715
00:47:53,913 --> 00:47:59,043
{\an7}NARRATOR: Ushijima laughs
if off and does not reply.
716
00:47:59,710 --> 00:48:02,713
{\an7}Soon after, a cameraman
captures General Buckner
717
00:48:02,755 --> 00:48:04,924
{\an7}\h\h\h\h\h\h\hvisiting a
forward observation post
718
00:48:04,965 --> 00:48:08,844
{\an7}to see the final
days for himself.
719
00:48:08,886 --> 00:48:10,846
{\an7}♪ ♪
720
00:48:10,888 --> 00:48:13,057
{\an7}\h\h\h\hMinutes after
this footage is taken,
721
00:48:13,099 --> 00:48:17,562
{\an7}\ha shell explodes on a
rock right next to him.
722
00:48:17,603 --> 00:48:20,064
{\an7}\h\h\h\h\hA piece of it
tears through his chest.
723
00:48:20,106 --> 00:48:25,278
{\an7}\h\hIn just 10 minutes,
General Buckner is dead.
724
00:48:25,319 --> 00:48:26,737
{\an7}He drifts off to sleep
725
00:48:26,779 --> 00:48:30,408
{\an7}\h\has a Marine private
holds his hand, saying,
726
00:48:30,449 --> 00:48:35,788
{\an7}"You are going home, General.
\h\hYou are homeward bound."
727
00:48:37,081 --> 00:48:38,958
{\an7}As Americans approach the coast,
728
00:48:38,999 --> 00:48:43,420
{\an7}\h\hGeneral Ushijima sends
his final message to Tokyo.
729
00:48:43,462 --> 00:48:44,672
{\an7}\hGEN USHIJIMA: We
are about to deploy
730
00:48:44,713 --> 00:48:47,549
{\an7}\h\h\h\h\h\h\h\hall surviving
soldiers for a final battle --
731
00:48:47,591 --> 00:48:52,930
{\an7}\hin which I will apologize to
the Emperor with my own death.
732
00:48:52,972 --> 00:48:55,224
{\an7}NARRATOR: On a ledge
overlooking the sea,
733
00:48:55,266 --> 00:48:59,520
{\an7}\h\h\hUshijima performs the
Samurai ritual of hara-kiri,
734
00:48:59,562 --> 00:49:04,192
{\an7}\h\hplunging a saber
into his own stomach.
735
00:49:05,109 --> 00:49:08,654
{\an7}\h\h\hThe battle for Okinawa is
the only contest of the Pacific
736
00:49:08,696 --> 00:49:13,201
{\an7}\h\hto cost the lives of
both commanding officers.
737
00:49:13,242 --> 00:49:15,411
{\an7}♪ ♪
738
00:49:15,453 --> 00:49:17,789
{\an7}Eighty-two days after L-Day --
739
00:49:17,830 --> 00:49:20,750
{\an7}\h\h\hwhen Americans came
ashore to wrestle Okinawa
740
00:49:20,791 --> 00:49:22,793
{\an7}from an unseen enemy --
741
00:49:22,835 --> 00:49:26,589
{\an7}they can finally
declare victory.
742
00:49:26,630 --> 00:49:29,341
{\an7}The island is theirs.
743
00:49:29,383 --> 00:49:31,719
{\an7}\h\h\h\h\h\h\h\hDAVID: In
Okinawa, the war was over.
744
00:49:31,760 --> 00:49:36,223
{\an7}\h\h\h\h\h\h\hAnd there wasn’t
anything easy about any of it.
745
00:49:36,265 --> 00:49:38,142
{\an7}NARRATOR: There is
much to celebrate.
746
00:49:38,184 --> 00:49:41,229
{\an7}But also many to mourn.
747
00:49:43,856 --> 00:49:50,696
{\an7}The United States loses
12,520 lives in Okinawa.
748
00:49:53,824 --> 00:49:57,286
{\an7}More than 36,000 are wounded.
749
00:49:59,872 --> 00:50:03,751
{\an7}The Japanese toll is astounding.
750
00:50:03,792 --> 00:50:07,754
{\an7}Americans count more
than 100,000 bodies,
751
00:50:07,796 --> 00:50:11,717
{\an7}\h\h\h\hwith the actual
number probably higher.
752
00:50:11,759 --> 00:50:15,388
{\an7}\hAnd about a third of the
Okinawan people are dead --
753
00:50:15,429 --> 00:50:17,681
{\an7}another 100,000 --
754
00:50:17,723 --> 00:50:22,519
{\an7}\h\hunable to survive two vast
armies warring on their island.
755
00:50:22,561 --> 00:50:25,105
{\an7}♪ ♪
756
00:50:25,147 --> 00:50:29,693
{\an7}America is now at
Japan’s doorstep.
757
00:50:29,735 --> 00:50:33,364
{\an7}But the body count on Okinawa
\hmakes the military shudder
758
00:50:33,405 --> 00:50:37,075
{\an7}\h\hat the thought of
invading Japan itself.
759
00:50:37,117 --> 00:50:40,329
{\an7}They increase their casualty
estimate for the invasion --
760
00:50:40,371 --> 00:50:43,207
{\an7}to a million men.
761
00:50:45,125 --> 00:50:47,294
{\an7}\h\h\hPresident Truman will
have to weigh those numbers
762
00:50:47,336 --> 00:50:51,674
{\an7}against a new option --
763
00:50:51,715 --> 00:50:55,093
{\an7}\h\h\h\hone that will forever
change the course of warfare.
764
00:50:55,135 --> 00:50:59,765
{\an7}♪ ♪
89710
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