All language subtitles for Attack and Defend Series 1 4of6 Cold Blooded Killers 1080p

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At the best of times, the
animal kingdom is a harsh place.

But for some,
harsh would be a welcome respite

for victims of these predators,

because they are
cold-blooded killers.

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Snakes.

Silent and still.

A prey approaches
and they strike.

They are one of the
most stealthy,

deadly hunters on the planet.

Great hunters
need great camouflage.

For snakes
that means colored scales.

These scales not only offer
the snake protection,

but they have evolved into
a crucial tool for hunting,

especially for vipers,
rattlesnakes and adders.

They've got a -- what they
call a rough or keeled scale,

which doesn't have
that glossy shine to it.

It's almost a matte color

that allows them to blend in
perfectly

to the natural environment

allowing prey to
wander close enough

within the range for them
to strike out and grab a hold.

To hold that prey in place,

snakes are equipped with
needle-sharp, hollowed-out fangs

that can amazingly
replace themselves at need.

If one of the teeth
are broken in a strike,

that tooth would be shed out and
replaced with a brand new one.

Even a snake's gums
play a special role

by keeping those teeth
nice and sharp.

The teeth are also covered by
a protective layer, gum,

which keeps the teeth
precision-sharped all time,

because they need that.

They can't have blunt teeth
because they rely so much on it

like precision of
a hypodermic needle.

The size and position
of a snake's teeth

differ according to the species.

In the case of the cobra,
their teeth are small

and are located
at the front of the mouth.

They're called
front-fixed fang snakes.

So their fangs are always erect.

When they bite,

the muscles contract around
the venom glands,

forcing it through
the venom duct,

through the fang into its prey.

And in the case of the viper,
its teeth are long and lethal.

Those guys have got
enormously long fangs

that lay flat
along the roof of the mouth.

When they strike out,
the mouth will open.

The fangs will swing into place.

They will bite them
into the prey.

But the teeth are
just the tip of the iceberg.

The snake's ultimate marvel of
design is its deadly venom.

Venomous snakes,
they have adapted this way

of being able to kill
and immobilize prey.

Clear or slightly yellowish,

snake venom is a highly
developed type of saliva

that's stored in glands
behind the snake's eyes.

When a snake bites,

muscles around those glands
squeeze out the venom

through the hollowed fangs

and into
the unfortunate recipient.

Over time,

snakes have developed
3 unique types of venom.

3 very different,
but very deadly weapons.

Different snakes have
varying compounds

in a range of proportions.

Some venoms
work very, very quickly.

Some tend to work slower.

Each venom works differently

on different parts of the body
as well.

So you have things like
hemotoxins that work on blood.

You have things that
are cytotoxins

that work on blood
and tissue cells.

You have neurotoxins
that affect the nervous system.

But before snakes can
bite their victims,

they have to find them first.

Snakes come very well-equipped
for tracking down prey.

They don't have an external ear,

but an internal ear allows them
to detect

low frequency sounds, motion
and sound waves

traveling through the ground.

Snakes also have
an incredible sense of smell,

thanks to a forked-tongue

that can pick up minute
scent particles in the air.

As they pull the tongue in,

they wipe it over an organ
in the roof of the mouth,

called the Jacobson's organ,

which is a spiral nervous system
connected to the brain

sending messages through,

telling them
what they're smellin'.

Some spices, like
vipers, even have an
infrared sixth sense

designed to pick up
a prey's heat signature.

They have heat-sensitive pits
around the upper lip

that tell them
what size the prey is,

where it is
and how far it's away from them.

When the prey has been
captured and rendered powerless,

it's time to chow down.

Nothing goes to waste.

The snake will come
and find the head of the prey

and start to swallow
it from the head first.

They'll push it down
to the stomach area,

where digestion will then
take place.

So what happens is everything
gets broken down

except for anything made of
keratin or enamel.

So the hair, the nails,
the teeth of the prey

will come up.

Their special jaws
allow them to eat animals

much bigger than themselves.

But then their lower jaw
is made up of 4 bones,

which gives them elasticity
to stretch really wide apart

and then use those jaw bones

to independently hook into
the prey

and walk it down the throat.

A venomous snake can take
as much as 9 hours

to digest its victim.

But not all killer snakes
are venomous.

Some like boas, pythons,
and anacondas

have been designed to literally
squeeze the very life

right out of its victim.

Every time the animal exhales
the snake tightens.

Exhales and it tightens.

And eventually
the animals can't breathe in.

And a large number of the time

what actually kills the prey
is a heart attack,

because of the shock
and adrenaline

that are going through.

They have been around
for so long that no one can
quite agree

when snakes first stalked
the Earth.

But in that time,

they have evolved
perfect camouflage,

deadly fangs,
specialized venom

and infrared
and motion-sensing abilities.

The result is a group
of predators that is peerless.

A true snake in the grass.

Some predators make a kill
with dramatic flair.

But tarantulas...

...they just scuttle in
and get the job done.

They're the stuff of nightmares.

Long hairy legs.

Fat bulbous body.

Sticky web.

Deadly venom.

Of the several thousand species
of spiders in the world,

tarantulas are the most dreaded
of all.

A creature to be avoided
at all costs.

They're found more or less
around the world

in tropical
and subtropical regions

such as in Central
and South America,

Africa and Asia.

Measuring up to a foot-long,

the Goliath bird eater is the
heaviest tarantula

on the planet.

While as it name suggests,

it does sometimes go after the
chicks of ground-nesting birds,

it will more often
go after anything that moves

as long as its small enough.

Anything that is up to
their size.

Insects, small rodents,
frogs, lizards,

whatever they can get.

Just like the
Goliath bird eater,

the Brazilian salmon pink
bird eater's name

is also misleading.

It only seldom eats birds
and never ever eats salmon.

The hairs on their body have
sort of, a rose-pinkish color

and that's where they get
their name from.

These small
distinctions aside,

most tarantulas share
one important thing in common.

They are all highly-skilled
ambush predators.

Like all spiders,
this tarantula can spin silk web

from specialized structures in
its abdomen called spinnerets.

But unlike most spiders,

it doesn't use that web
to actually catch its prey.

In fact,
the silk is mostly used for

the construction of
their own nests,

whether it's in the tree
or in an underground burrow.

These are not
simple structures.

While building
their elaborate nests,

some tarantulas use this silk

to set up a built-in
home alarm system,

invisible silk trip wires.

If anything walks
into its burrow,

it sets off the trip wires
and lets the tarantula know

that a meal has
just walked through the door.

The tarantula will hide
and wait for the prey

to come close and then jump in.

And it does all that
without the benefit of vision.

Tarantulas have 8 eyes,

but they can't see
worth of beans.

They just distinguish between
light and dark and some motion.

They're not really capable
of forming images

and to see depth perception,
per se.

While tarantulas may not be
able to see their prey too well

with their eyes,

the hairs all over their body
make up for it.

These hairs are actually organs

used to sense the world
around them.

The hairs on their bodies
are highly sensitive,

innervated in that
they're are able to detect

slight movements and vibrations

that they maybe sniff around
them in an environment,

such as if a prey is scurrying
along in the leaf litter,

they will detect
those vibrations

and know that it is likely to be
a potential prey.

Tracking prey is one thing,
bringing it down is another.

This Goliath bird eater's main
take-down weapons are its fangs,

which can measure up to
an inch long.

Their fangs are hollow.

They're connected to
venom glands

and they pump up full of venom,
which paralyzes the prey.

Like most spiders,

the Goliath bird eater
can't chew.

Its mouth is designed for
sucking up liquid food,

which means it has to turn
its prey into a smoothie.

They do so by injecting
powerful venom

through appendages
on the side of their mouth.

They're, kind of, like fangs
known as chelicerae.

These chelicerae
inject powerful venom

that essentially liquefies
the tissues of their prey,

putrefying it,
liquefying it into a slop

that can then be sucked up
into the mouth parts.

This tarantula,
like all spiders,

is also equipped with
rigid body armor,

an exoskeleton that protects
its internal organs from damage.

As it grows, this tarantula
continuously moults,

shedding its old exoskeleton

and replacing it
with a larger one.

But with the predator is
at risk of becoming prey,

it's got a trick up its sleeve.

The body of the tarantula
is covered with bristles

that are called
urticating hairs.

They're little barbed hairs

and they'll throw them
at their attacker

and they cause irritation.

The bald spot on this
tarantula's abdomen indicates

that it's flicked off its fair
share of stinging hairs.

Whether attacking or defending,
with all their weapons,

tarantulas are sure to deliver
a hair-raising experience.

Usually an encounter with
this blood-sucking predator,

results in a nasty itch.

But sometimes it can literally
suck the life right out of you.

Mosquitoes, not just pesta,
but killers.

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They have been around
for more than 30 million years.

Of all the dangerous animals
in the world,

none has killed more humans
than the diminutive mosquito.

In the wild, this mosquito can
live at best a few weeks.

Its life would be even shorter

if it falls prey to
a long list of predators,

that include birds, fish
and spiders.

Life is short, so mosquitoes
must breed quickly.

And for that
they need our blood.

With mosquitoes,
the male is harmless.

It's the female
we have to worry about.

The female mosquito
is our arch-nemesis.

She's the one who goes out
and does all the blood-feeding.

They feed
in order to get the blood

and from the blood
they get protein

and from that protein
they actually make their eggs.

When she's ready, the female
lays her eggs in standing water.

She takes the building blocks
of the proteins

from the blood meal

and she makes them into
egg proteins of her own eggs.

And those egg proteins
then help the developing embryo.

The eggs soon turn into
larvae known as wrigglers.

Moving up and down
in the water column,

these wrigglers
breed through a small siphon

located at
the end of their tail.

So they'll actually move up
to the surface of the water,

make connection with the air
through that respiratory siphon,

get the air that they need
and then they release

and go back down into
water column.

The larvae
eventually become pupae.

And then the pupal stage,

which looks like a little comma,
it does no more feeding.

It can swim around,
it can breathe,

but it does no more feeding.

After growing into pupa,
the mosquito emerges, at last,

like a butterfly would
from a cocoon.

After the mosquito undergoes
this metamorphosis,

males will go on to feed on
plant nectar

until they mate
and die a few days later.

But the female will immediately
go on the hunt for blood

to produce eggs
as quickly as possible.

She is now in full-attack mode.

To zone in on her prey,

the female mosquito relies
on 3 key sensors:

chemical, visual and heat.

With her chemical sensor
she zeroes in on humans

and some animal species
with a healthy blood supply

by tracking what they release
when breathing.

And so she'll detect that
plume of carbon dioxide

and will fly upwind

towards the source
of that carbon dioxide.

A female mosquito is able to
detect contrast in color

and between
foreground and background.

The more the prey moves,

the more easily
she will find it.

And finally she uses her sensor
to detect a heat signature.

She wants to make sure

it's a nice, living, breathing
host to feed on.

All that's left for her to do

is to stick in
her proboscis and bite.

The proboscis on a
mosquito is what she uses
to bite you with.

So there are 2 major hollow
tubes within the proboscis

made by the stylets.

One of these tubes
is for sucking up the blood.

The other is used to spit saliva
into the skin of her victim.

She actually spits into you

an anticoagulant
and an anesthetic

so that you don't feel the pain

and also your blood
doesn't clot.

If she were to try
sucking up blood

without using her special
anticoagulant saliva,

the victim's blood would clot
and plug up her mouth.

It's that special saliva

that causes the swelling
and itching.

Most female mosquitoes have
only one blood meal

in their short life before they
mate and lay their eggs.

But some have 2 blood meals
and reproduce twice.

This is where things
get potentially deadly.

When they take
their first blood meal,

they can ingest
all sorts of parasites

or viruses or bacteria.

So if a female is lucky enough
to get a second blood meal

and she picked an infection
from the first blood meal,

that's where we're in danger.

That in that second blood meal,

she can be spitting out
the virus,

let's say, to the new host.

Pathogens like malaria
and West Nile virus

and for humans, things could get
much worse.

So climate change is
going to affect

mosquito-disease transmission
everywhere.

Because as climate changes,

mosquitoes are able to expand
their ranges

normally from southern areas,
where there are more diseases,

up to northern areas,

where there aren't
so many diseases.

And they'll bring those diseases
with them.

For more than
30 million years,

the mosquito's adaptations
and strategies

have ensured its survival

and have transformed it into
a prolific killer of humans.

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A monster
from the Middle Ages...

A vicious predator from
ancient Greece...

The highest-ranking animal
in Chinese mythology

representing power and majesty.

At a mere ten feet long
and 300 pounds

Komodo dragons might be
a bit smaller

than the creatures of lore,

but they're still
vicious predators.

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The largest living lizards
of the world,

they're actually
a type of monitor lizard,

but got their name after
a rumor started swirling

that a dragon-like creature

was living on
the Indonesian island of Komodo.

When explorers
first discovered them in 1910,

the name stuck.

They look like a dragon.

Big shoulders,
big stalking neck,

long sleek head.

They have their long--
like, kind of, like vultures,

long cylinder heads that
they can get inside of bodies,

you know, eat the carrion,
get the meat, rip it out.

Really sharp claws
used for digging,

ripping meat off the bones.

A very long powerful tail
they use in combat.

Also to get away from predators.

They have extremely strong
whipping power

and they're just very stocky
made-for-all-terrain animals.

They're so aggressive
and so powerful,

Komodo dragons can bring down
animals

much, much bigger than they are,

like deer, pigs, water buffalo
and even humans.

They're usually solitary hunters

but can team up to take down
a particularly large kill.

They can run very fast
in short bursts,

up to 11, 12 miles an hour,
you know, on a sprint.

But they can't sustain that
very long.

So what they would do is

usually they will kinda hideout,
wait,

you know, by a bush, by a tree.

When prey would come through,

usually grab it low
by the feet.

You know, kind of, drag it down.

Until recently,

they were widely thought to kill
prey by poisoning them.

In truth, their victims
succumb to blood loss

from their wounds.

Then, this fierce predator moves
in to finish the job.

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With their long tongue flicking
in and out of their mouths,

they collect air
and deposit it on receptors

on the roofs of the mouths.

This helps Komodo dragons

smell prey from up to
five miles away.

Komodo dragons devour hair,
bones, hooves, horns

and all indiscriminately.

They're very opportunistic.

So whenever they do make a kill,
they do find some food,

they can eat up to 80% of their
total bodyweight in one sitting.

And then they may not be able
to eat again

for another week or two,

depending on when they can get
their next meal.

So they basically stuff
themselves as much as they can

on everything they can
while they can

and then from there they move on
to their next meal.

They've been living on these
Indonesian islands

for thousands of years.

Working their way up to
the top of the food chain

and showing that they've
truly earned the name

and the legacy...

...of the dragon.

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From our point of view,

these predators
are living nightmares.

Brutal, savvy,
program killers.

But from their point of view,

it's just another day
at the butcher's counter.

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