All language subtitles for Animal Odd Couples 720p PBS Nature 2012 EN Sub

Narrator: WHY WOULD A GOAT
NEVER LEAVE A HORSE'S SIDE...

FOR 16 YEARS?

WHAT WOULD POSSESS
A BIG LION

TO BOND WITH
A LITTLE COYOTE?

Man: MOTHER NATURE
IS TEACHING ME SOMETHING

EVERY TIME I SEE
A RELATIONSHIP LIKE THIS.

Narrator: SCENES LIKE THESE

ARE OVERTURNING
THE CONVENTIONAL WISDOM --

THAT ONLY HUMANS
FORGE FRIENDSHIPS.

THERE'S A LOT OF PEOPLE
THAT DON'T WANT TO ADMIT

THAT ANIMALS HAVE EMOTIONS.

Narrator: IS IT COMPASSION
OR COMPANIONSHIP

THAT BONDS TWO ANIMALS OF
DIFFERENT SPECIES TOGETHER?

Woman: WHEN THEY
GREET EACH OTHER,

I'VE NEVER SEEN
ANYTHING LIKE IT.

IT'S NOT
A DEER GREETING A DEER,

IT'S NOT A DOG
GREETING A DOG.

IT'S DEFINITELY SOMETHING

THAT THEY HAVE
BETWEEN THE TWO OF THEM.

Narrator: WHATEVER THE CASE,
SOMETHING DEEP

IS BEING EXPRESSED WHEN ANIMALS
MAKE UNEXPECTED FRIENDS.

Narrator: AT BUSCH GARDENS
IN FLORIDA,

AN UNLIKELY COUPLE

IS ABOUT TO ENTERTAIN
THE VISITORS.

[ DOG BARKS ]

IN ZOOS AND SANCTUARIES
AROUND THE WORLD,

RELATIONSHIPS BETWEEN
DIFFERENT SPECIES

ARE SHEDDING NEW LIGHT ON
THE INNER LIVES OF ANIMALS

AND THE POWERFUL BONDS
THAT LINK US ALL.

MTANI, THE RETRIEVER,
MAY WEIGH LESS

AND NOT BE AS FAST
AS THE CHEETAH,

BUT SHE'S THE ONE
WHO RULES THIS RELATIONSHIP.

AND KASI,
THE NATURAL BORN HUNTER,

IS JUST FINE WITH THAT.

IT'S AN INTERESTING RELATIONSHIP

AND IT'S ONE THAT WE DEVELOP

AND WE HELP THEM DEVELOP
AND CULTIVATE.

BUT I DO BELIEVE THAT
THEY HAVE GROWN

TO DEPEND ON ONE ANOTHER.

DOGS AND CHEETAHS
ARE SO CLOSE, OVERALL,

IN THEIR DISPOSITION,

THE WAY THAT THEY ARE
SOCIALLY STRUCTURED,

LENGTH OF LIFE --

THAT THEY CAN COEXIST

IN A SPACE,
EVEN THOUGH THEY'RE AT

DIFFERENT PLACES
ON THE LINE OF CARNIVORE.

Narrator: THESE SIMILARITIES
LED THE KEEPERS AT BUSCH GARDENS

TO EMBARK ON A PILOT PROJECT
ONE YEAR AGO,

PAIRING A YOUNG CHEETAH

AND A PUPPY,
TO SEE IF THEY COULD FORM

A SUPPORTIVE RELATIONSHIP.

Smith: IN THE BEGINNING,

WE MADE THE CHOICE
TO PUT THEM TOGETHER.

THEY MADE THE CHOICE AS TO

WHETHER OR NOT
THAT WAS GOING TO WORK.

THEY WERE ACTUALLY BOTH ORPHANS,
IF YOU WILL.

KASI, THE CHEETAH,

WAS BORN AT
THE JACKSONVILLE ZOO.

THE OTHER THREE CUBS
ACTUALLY PASSED AWAY

AND THE MOTHER CHEETAH
WAS NOT ABLE TO RAISE HIM.

AND SO, AT THAT POINT,
KASI NEEDED A HOME.

[ DOG BARKING ]

MTANI HERE IS ACTUALLY
A RESCUE DOG.

WE COLLECTED HER FROM ONE OF OUR
LOCAL RESCUE CENTERS.

RELATIONSHIPS ARE ABOUT
PERSONALITIES, AND THEM GELLING,

YOU KNOW,
AND IT DOESN'T MATTER

SO MUCH

WHAT THE SPECIES IS.

[ BARKING ]

[ MTANI BARKING,
KASI CHIRPING ]

Narrator: CHEETAHS CHIRP
AND DOGS BARK...

AND THEY BOTH GROWL.

KASI AND MTANI'S COMFORT

WITH EACH OTHER
HAS BEEN SHAPED BY

THEIR SHARED WAYS
OF COMMUNICATING,

WHICH GAVE THEM A RUNNING START
AT UNDERSTANDING ONE ANOTHER.

[ BARKING ]

Smith: THESE TWO
HAVE FIGURED OUT

HOW TO COMMUNICATE
WITH ONE ANOTHER.

AND I THINK THAT'S
THROUGH THE FACT THAT

THEY'RE NOT SO DIFFERENT.

THERE'S A LOT OF SIGNALS
THAT ARE GIVEN BY ANY ANIMAL.

AND YOU START TO
LOOK AT THOSE THINGS,

WHETHER IT BE THE EARS BACK
OR THE TAIL IS TAUT,

OR, YOU KNOW, THE BODY
POSITIONING HIGH OR LOW.

BUT YOU ALSO NEED TO LOOK AT
THE EYES, YOU KNOW --

ARE THE EYES KIND OF LAID BACK
AND COMFORTABLE,

OR ARE THEY REALLY INTENSE?

YOU CAN TELL A LOT
FROM THE LIPS OF A DOG

AND WHETHER THERE'S
A LITTLE SNEER GOING ON,

OR IF THEY'RE
NICE AND RELAXED.

YOU SEE THOSE KINDS OF THINGS
NOT ONLY IN THE DOG,

BUT YOU CAN SEE THEM IN
THE CHEETAH, AS WELL.

I THINK THEIR COMMUNICATION
IS A FACTOR,

BUT I ALSO THINK THAT THEY'RE
LEARNING A NEW LANGUAGE.

THEY'RE NOT LEARNING
THE CHEETAH LANGUAGE

OR THE DOG LANGUAGE,

THEY'RE LEARNING
KASI-MTANI'S LANGUAGE.

AND THEY'VE HAD TO LEARN THAT

THROUGH BUILDING RELATIONSHIPS
AND TRUST.

THE THING THAT SURPRISES ME MOST

IS HOW THEY SEEM TO
NEED ONE ANOTHER.

KASI, THE CHEETAH,
IN PARTICULAR,

HE SEEMS TO NEED HER.

YOU KNOW, IF SHE'S NOT AROUND,
HE'S LOOKING FOR HER.

I THINK THAT HE'D HAVE A MUCH
MORE DIFFICULT TIME

IF SHE WAS NOT A PART
OF THIS ENVIRONMENT.

IT'S TIME TO CHASE.

IT'S MORE THAN JUST

COMING OUT HERE
AND RUNNING

THE CHEETAHS AND DOGS
FOR THE, YES, ENJOYMENT

AND UNDERSTANDING --

IT'S REALLY
AN EXERCISE PROGRAM.

EACH TIME THEY COME OUT,
THEY GET A LITTLE BETTER

AT EITHER RUNNING OR DODGING
OR CHANGING DIRECTION.

THEY ARE BOTH REACHING

20 TO 30 MILES PER HOUR
RIGHT NOW,

WHICH IS PRETTY DARN GOOD
WHEN YOU FIGURE

AN ADULT CHEETAH IN THE WILD

REACHES SPEEDS OF
60 TO 70 MILES PER HOUR.

IT'S KIND OF STRANGE,

BUT AT THE END OF THE DAY,

THE LABRADOR RETRIEVER
ACTUALLY HAS

A LOT MORE STAMINA.

SHE CAN GO FOR
A LOT LONGER PERIOD OF TIME.

AND, SO, WE RUN HER A LOT MORE
THAN WE DO HIM.

YOU KNOW, IT'S NOT SIMPLE --
IT DOESN'T MATTER

WHETHER IT'S TWO HUMANS,
TWO DOGS, A DOG AND A CHEETAH.

YOU KNOW, RELATIONSHIPS
ARE REALLY TOUGH.

THERE'S PEOPLE
THAT GO THROUGH LIFE

THAT DON'T FIND
THAT COMPANION.

THERE'S ANIMALS
THAT GO THROUGH LIFE

THAT LIVE COMPLETELY
BY THEMSELVES.

THESE TWO HAVE A SHOT AT BEING
COMPANIONS WITH ONE ANOTHER

FOR THE REST OF
THEIR LIVES,

AND THEY SEEM TO BE MAKING
THAT KIND OF A CHOICE.

Man: I THINK THE CHOICES
ANIMALS MAKE

IN CROSS-SPECIES RELATIONSHIPS

ARE SIMILAR TO THE CHOICES
THEY MAKE

IN SAME-SPECIES
RELATIONSHIPS.

LIKE, SOME DOGS
DON'T LIKE EVERY OTHER DOG.

THEY MAY NOT ATTACK THE DOG,

BUT THEY DON'T FORM
THAT CLOSE RELATIONSHIP.

ANIMALS ARE
VERY SELECTIVE

ABOUT THE OTHER INDIVIDUALS

WHO THEY LET INTO
THEIR LIVES.

Woman:
WELL, AS AN AUTISTIC PERSON,

I AM AN EXTREME
VISUAL THINKER.

EVERYTHING I THINK ABOUT
IS IN A PICTURE.

AND THAT'S THE WAY
ANIMALS ARE.

AN ANIMAL'S WORLD
IS SENSORY BASED,

IT'S NOT WORD BASED.

WHAT CROSS-SPECIES RELATIONSHIPS
SHOW YOU IS THAT

THERE'S BEHAVIORS AND EMOTIONS
THAT JUST GO ACROSS SPECIES.

I MEAN, MAMMALS HAVE
CERTAIN BEHAVIORS

THAT GO ACROSS
ALL THE SPECIES,

BECAUSE THEY'RE MAMMALS.

YOU KNOW, I DON'T THINK SNAKES
ARE GOING TO BE DOING THIS.

Narrator: WE NEED LOOK
NO FURTHER

THAN OUR RELATIONSHIPS
WITH OUR PETS

FOR EXAMPLES OF
THE DEEP BONDS

THAT CAN FORM BETWEEN
DIFFERENT SPECIES.

BUT WE STILL HAVE
A LOT TO LEARN

ABOUT CROSS-SPECIES
RELATIONSHIPS.

DO THE SAME ELEMENTS
OF SOCIAL BONDING

SPAN THE ANIMAL KINGDOM?

A QUESTION
ALL THE MORE PERPLEXING

WHEN ANIMALS BREAK BOUNDARIES

WE'D THINK WOULD BE
TOO STRONG TO OVERCOME.

Bekoff: THERE'S DEFINITELY
A RISK INVOLVED

IN RELATIONSHIPS THAT FORM
BETWEEN ANIMALS,

SAY, OF DIFFERENT SIZES,

AND PREDATORS AND PREY,
FOR EXAMPLE.

SO THERE IS A RISK,
ESPECIALLY FOR THE PREY ANIMAL.

AND THAT'S WHAT I THINK
IS SO INTRIGUING

ABOUT THE CROSS-SPECIES
RELATIONSHIPS.

THERE'S INCREDIBLE TRUST,

AND IT HAS TO
FORM IMMEDIATELY.

Man: I WAS IN SHOW BUSINESS,

BOUGHT A COUPLE OF BABY TIGERS
FOR ALL THE WRONG REASONS,

AND DID A SHOW
AT THE ALADDIN HOTEL

CALLED "PREDATOR'S PARADISE,"

AND I JUST DIDN'T LIKE

THE EXPLOITATION
OF EXOTIC ANIMALS.

SO, I DECIDED TO START
RESCUING ANIMALS.

ALL THE ANIMALS THAT WE HAVE
HAVE EITHER BEEN RESCUED

OR RETIRED
FROM SHOW BUSINESS,

OR THEY HAVE BEEN CONFISCATED
BY GOVERNMENT AGENCIES,

EITHER THE USDA OR
THE DEPARTMENT OF WILDLIFE.

[ LION GROWLING ]

Narrator:
ANTHONY, THE LION,

CAME TO KEEPERS OF THE WILD
AS A SICKLY CUB

WHO WAS DISCARDED AFTER BEING
AUCTIONED OFF IN VIRGINIA.

RILEY, THE COYOTE, WAS RESCUED
BY ARIZONA GAME AND FISH.

THEY CAME TOGETHER WHEN BOTH
WERE JUST OVER A MONTH OLD --

TOO YOUNG, PERHAPS,
TO UNDERSTAND THAT

NATURE WOULD NEVER
CAST THEM

AS FRIENDS.

Kraft: SINCE THEY WERE
BOTH THE SAME AGE,

AND WE HAD THEM IN OUR HOUSE,

WE FIGURED, "WELL, YOU KNOW,
LET'S RAISE THEM TOGETHER."

AND SO THEY GREW UP TOGETHER
FROM LITTLE BABIES ON.

WHEN THEY WERE VERY, VERY SMALL,
IT WAS REAL EASY

BECAUSE THEY WERE BOTH
ABOUT THE SAME SIZE.

AND, OF COURSE,
THE LITTLE COYOTE,

SHE'S STAYED
RELATIVELY SMALL,

AND SHE JUST
WATCHES HIM GROW UP

TO BE A GIANT.

THE GENTLENESS BETWEEN THEM
AND THE BOND

AND THE CLOSENESS
HAS NEVER CHANGED.

COYOTES ARE SOCIAL ANIMALS,

AND SO ARE LIONS.

I THINK COMPANY IS VERY, VERY
IMPORTANT TO SOCIAL ANIMALS.

Narrator: SOCIAL ANIMALS

BUILD BONDS
BY PLAYING TOGETHER,

TESTING THEIR STRENGTHS
AND LIMITS.

AND IN DOING SO,
THEY LEARN ABOUT TRUST.

Kraft: I THINK IT'S A WONDERFUL
EXERCISE FOR THEM

TO ACT OUT THEIR
HUNTING TECHNIQUES

AND THEIR
STALKING TECHNIQUES.

I ALSO SEE HER TEASING HIM --
SHE RUNS AWAY AND THEN

SHE LETS
HIM CATCH HER.

AND HE WILL JUMP HER --
HE WILL STALK HER AND JUMP HER,

AND THEN SHE DOES A LITTLE YELP
AND HE LETS HER GO RIGHT AWAY.

I HAVE NOT YET SEEN THEM

INTENTIONALLY HURT
EACH OTHER AT ALL.

I WOULD INTERVENE

IF I FELT THAT
THE COYOTE WAS IN DANGER --

I WOULD PULL HER
IN A HEARTBEAT.

I DON'T WANT TO PUT HER IN
ANY KIND OF JEOPARDY.

BUT I DON'T THINK THAT SHE
THINKS THAT SHE'S A COYOTE.

I DON'T THINK SHE'S EVER
SEEN OTHER COYOTES.

ANTHONY AND RILEY'S
RELATIONSHIP

MAKES THEM HEALTHIER.

IT'S KIND OF LIKE HUMANS,
IF YOU'VE GOT

A GOOD RELATIONSHIP,
MORE THAN LIKELY

YOU'LL BE HAPPIER,

EVERYTHING IN YOUR BODY
FUNCTIONS BETTER.

I THINK MENTALLY
YOU'RE MORE STABLE,

AND I THINK IT'S THE SAME THING
WITH THE LION AND THE COYOTE.

I'VE BEEN AROUND BIG CATS
FOR 20 SOME ODD YEARS NOW,

AND I THOUGHT
I'D SEEN IT ALL.

I MUST ADMIT THAT
THIS IS EXTREMELY RARE.

BUT MOTHER NATURE IS TEACHING ME
SOMETHING EVERY TIME,

PARTICULARLY WHEN I SEE
A RELATIONSHIP LIKE THIS.

Narrator: BUT ARE
STRONG SOCIAL BONDS ENOUGH

TO KEEP PREY ANIMALS SAFE

IN THESE MISMATCHED
RELATIONSHIPS?

Grandin: THERE'S A VERY
STRONG INSTINCT

IN THE PREDATOR ANIMALS,
WITH A LION OR A TIGER,

TO RUN AFTER SOMETHING
THAT MOVES RAPIDLY.

NOW, THEY LEARN,

YOU KNOW, WHAT ANIMALS ARE LUNCH
AND WHAT ANIMALS ARE NOT.

YOU KNOW, TO SAY THAT AN ANIMAL
IS JUST SORT OF A ROBOT

THAT BLINDLY DOES INSTINCTUAL
HARD-WIRED BEHAVIOR,

THAT'S JUST RIDICULOUS.

WHEN IT COMES TO SOME OF
THE EMOTIONAL THINGS

AND COGNITION IN ANIMALS,

I THINK SCIENTISTS
ARE GOING TO PROVE

THAT LITTLE OLD LADIES
IN TENNIS SHOES

WHO SAY THAT LITTLE FIFI
REALLY CAN THINK, ARE RIGHT,

BUT THAT DOESN'T MEAN THAT

AN ANIMAL CAN THINK
AT OUR LEVEL.

THERE'S STILL
A LOT THAT'S NOT KNOWN.

BUT IT'S BEEN VERY CLEARLY SHOWN
THAT IN ALL MAMMALS,

YOU'VE GOT
THE SAME EMOTIONAL DRIVERS

DOWN IN THE BASE OF THE BRAIN
THAT DRIVE BEHAVIOR --

FEAR, SEPARATION DISTRESS
OR PANIC,

SEEKING THE URGE
TO EXPLORE NEW THINGS,

RAGE, SEX BEHAVIOR,
AND PLAY.

[ GOATS BLEATING ]

¶ HERE WE COME

¶ WALKING DOWN THE STREET

¶ WE GET THE FUNNIEST
LOOKS FROM ¶

¶ EVERYONE WE MEET

¶ HEY, HEY, WE'RE THE MONKEES

¶ AND PEOPLE SAY
WE MONKEY AROUND ¶

¶ BUT WE'RE TOO BUSY SINGING

¶ TO PUT ANYBODY DOWN

¶ WE'RE JUST TRYING
TO BE FRIENDLY ¶

¶ COME AND WATCH US
SING AND PLAY... ¶

Narrator: BEFORE SCIENTISTS
CAN BEGIN TO UNDERSTAND

CROSS-SPECIES RELATIONSHIPS,

THEY NEED TO LEARN MORE
ABOUT THE COMPLEXITY

OF THE BONDS ANIMALS FORM
WITHIN THEIR OWN SPECIES.

Woman: I THINK SCIENTISTS ARE
STARTING TO BUY INTO THIS IDEA

THAT OTHER ANIMALS HAVE
COMPLEX EMOTIONAL LIVES.

UNTIL VERY RECENTLY,
AND WE'RE TALKING THIS YEAR,

WE DIDN'T LIKE TO USE
THE WORD "FRIENDSHIP"

WHEN WE WERE TALKING, YOU KNOW,
ABOUT SERIOUS SCIENCE.

IN SORT OF PASSING,

SPEAKING WITH OUR FRIENDS
AND COLLEAGUES,

WE WOULD TALK ABOUT FRIENDSHIP
IN OTHER ANIMALS,

BUT WE WOULD NEVER WRITE IT
IN A SCIENTIFIC PAPER.

THE USE OF THE TERM FRIENDSHIP
AND THE STUDY OF FRIENDSHIP,

NOW IT'S REALLY KIND OF
COME INTO ITS OWN AS A TOPIC.

IN FACT, BY STUDYING MONKEYS,
I'M HOPING TO GET CLUES

AS TO WHY FRIENDSHIP
EVOLVED IN PEOPLE.

MONKEYS DO HAVE FRIENDS.

THEY INTERACT WITH INDIVIDUALS

WHO THEY ARE NOT RELATED TO
IN FRIENDLY WAYS.

EVEN THOUGH
NO ONE IS GOING TO SAY THAT

THE DEFINITION OF
"FRIENDSHIP" IN MONKEYS

IS EXACTLY THE SAME AS

HOW WE MIGHT DEFINE
FRIENDSHIP IN HUMANS,

IT'S KIND OF UNDENIABLE
THAT THERE ARE INDIVIDUALS

WHO AREN'T RELATED
TO EACH OTHER

WHO SPEND TIME TOGETHER
IN A FRIENDLY FASHION.

SOMETIMES WE CALL IT SOCIAL
BONDS, THAT THEY'RE BONDED.

BUT, I MEAN, WHAT IS THAT,

OTHER THAN JUST SORT OF A MORE
DESCRIPTIVE WORD FOR FRIENDSHIP?

BUT WHAT, EXACTLY,

FRIENDSHIPS GET YOU,

THAT IS VERY MUCH
STILL OPEN,

WE'RE STILL
WORKING ON IT.

Narrator: CAYO SANTIAGO
IS ONE OF

THE FEW PRIMATE FIELD RESEARCH
SITES IN THE WORLD

DEVOTED TO THE LONG-TERM STUDY
OF RHESUS MACAQUES.

PROFESSOR LAUREN BRENT HAS SPENT
OVER SIX YEARS ON THE ISLAND

STUDYING HOW NON-RELATED MONKEYS
INTERACT AND FORM BONDS.

HER RESEARCH HAS LED TO

SOME GROUND-BREAKING
DISCOVERIES.

Brent: SO, WE CAN'T
ASK A MONKEY,

"WHO IS YOUR BEST FRIEND?"

SO WE HAVE TO STUDY IT
BY OBSERVING THEIR BEHAVIORS.

AND SO, WE DEFINE
FRIENDSHIP IN MONKEYS

AS WHO THEY SPEND
A LOT OF TIME WITH,

AND WHO THEY INTERACT WITH
IN A FRIENDLY MANNER.

IN PARTICULAR, WE LOOK AT
THINGS LIKE GROOMING,

FEEDING NEXT TO EACH OTHER,

WHO SPENDS TIME TOGETHER,
WHO IS AGGRESSIVE TO WHO.

SO, WHATEVER THE MONKEYS
ARE DOING,

WE'RE FOLLOWING THEM
AND RECORDING IT.

DO YOU KNOW THAT ONE?

SO, WE WOULD PICK AN INDIVIDUAL,

AND WE DO TEN-MINUTE
FOCAL FOLLOWS.

SO, FOR TEN MINUTES,
RECORD EVERYTHING

THAT THE FOCAL ANIMAL
IS DOING,

WHO THEY ARE INTERACTING WITH,

AND SO, THE MONKEYS
DICTATE WHAT HAPPENS.

SO, THAT'S 25-R.

I WAS TELLING JOEL THIS MORNING
THAT 25-R USED TO BE A MEMBER

OF THIS LITTLE BAND OF MALES
THAT WERE ALL MIDDLE RANKING.

THEY WERE TOGETHER
QUITE A LOT

AND WOULD SUPPORT EACH OTHER
IN FIGHTS.

BUT HIS BUDDIES HAVE DISPERSED
TO ANOTHER GROUP.

SO, HE'S KIND OF
LEFT ON HIS OWN,

ALTHOUGH ONE OF THEM SEEMS
TO HAVE MAYBE COME BACK,

BUT I HAVEN'T
SEEN THEM INTERACTING.

HE'S A GOOD GUY.

Narrator: THE MONKEYS HAVE
TATTOOS TO IDENTIFY THEM,

BUT IT'S STILL TRICKY.

THERE ARE OVER 1,000
ON THE ISLAND,

SPREAD ACROSS
AT LEAST EIGHT TROOPS

WHOSE MEMBERSHIP
CONSTANTLY CHANGES,

MAKING LAUREN'S TEST TROOP
A MOVING TARGET.

20-F REALLY...

I DON'T KNOW IF YOU'LL NOTICE IT
WHEN YOU COLLECT DATA,

BUT IN PREVIOUS YEARS 20-F
HAS BEEN REALLY ASOCIAL.

SO, SHE IS ALWAYS KIND OF
THE PERIPHERY OF THE GROUP.

I DON'T KNOW IF I'VE EVER
SEEN HER GROOMING ANYBODY.

[ MACAQUES CALLING ]

IN TERMS OF MY RESEARCH,
I'VE BEEN ABLE TO SHOW THAT

FEMALES THAT HAVE
TIGHTER SOCIAL BONDS

HAD LOWER
STRESS HORMONE LEVELS.

SO, WE MEASURE, IN THEIR FECES
THEIR LEVEL OF CORTISOL,

WHICH IS THIS HORMONE THAT YOU
RELEASE WHEN YOU FEEL STRESSED.

AND FEMALES THAT HAVE

TIGHTER KNIT SOCIAL CONNECTIONS
HAD LOWER STRESS HORMONE LEVELS.

WE KNOW GROOMING FEELS GOOD,
IT'S SORT OF LIKE A MASSAGE.

SO WHEN YOU'RE
RECEIVING GROOMING,

YOUR STRESS HORMONE
LEVELS GO DOWN,

YOU RELEASE SOMETHING
THAT'S CALLED OXYTOCIN,

WHICH IS THE, SORT OF,
HORMONE OF LOVE,

BECAUSE WHEN YOU'RE IN
PHYSICAL CONTACT

WITH ANOTHER INDIVIDUAL,
YOU RELEASE OXYTOCIN --

IT HAS THIS CASCADING EFFECT
ON YOUR PHYSIOLOGY.

SO, INTERACTING WITH ANOTHER
INDIVIDUAL IN A POSITIVE WAY,

IN BOTH PEOPLE AND MONKEYS,

FEELS GOOD.

UM, SO, SCAN --
HE'S BEEN SOCIAL.

THE BENEFIT OF FRIENDSHIP
IS MULTI-LEVELED.

FEMALES WHO HAVE
STRONGER SOCIAL BONDS

LIVE LONGER,
HAVE MORE INFANTS,

THEIR INFANTS ARE
MORE LIKELY TO SURVIVE.

SO, MAYBE ALL OF THESE THINGS,
THESE FAVORS THAT WE HAVE,

THIS PHYSIOLOGICAL
CORRELATION WITH FRIENDSHIP,

THEN BUILDS TO THIS OUTPUT OF
BETTER EVOLUTIONARY FITNESS.

WE KNOW NOW THAT

HAVING SOCIAL BONDS
WITH OTHER INDIVIDUALS

HELPS YOU SURVIVE,

HELPS YOU COPE WITH
THE CHALLENGES

THAT YOU FACE
IN YOUR ENVIRONMENT.

Narrator: MAINTAINING
TIGHT SOCIAL BONDS

REQUIRES RECOGNIZING
NOT ONLY YOUR FRIENDS,

BUT ALSO THE FRIENDS
OF YOUR FRIENDS,

AND THE ENEMIES OF
YOUR FRIENDS.

BUILDING FRIENDSHIPS
IS A COMPLEX SOCIAL BEHAVIOR

THAT SCIENTISTS
SUCH AS LAUREN BRENT

NOW BELIEVE EVOLUTION ENCODED
INTO THE DNA

OF HUMANS
AND OTHER SPECIES.

Grandin:
I'VE STUDIED A LOT OF

THE NEUROSCIENCE
OF EMOTIONS.

AND THERE'S BASIC EMOTIONS

THAT ANIMALS
DEFINITELY HAVE.

IT HAS BEEN IN
THE NEUROSCIENCE LITERATURE

FOR YEARS.

IT WAS IN THE NEUROSCIENCE
LITERATURE WHEN I STUDIED

PSYCHOLOGY BACK IN THE '60s.

PROBLEM IS,
THERE'S THIS RESEARCH

THAT'S ALL OVER IN NEUROSCIENCE,

AND THERE'S A LOT OF PEOPLE,
EVEN VETERINARIANS,

THAT DON'T WANT TO ADMIT THAT
ANIMALS HAVE EMOTIONS.

I JUST GOT AN E-MAIL FROM
A VETERINARIAN THE OTHER DAY

THAT SAYS, "WELL, WE JUST CAN'T
SAY THAT ANIMALS HAVE EMOTIONS.

IT'S JUST STRESS."

I DON'T...
I DON'T BUY THAT.

WE GOT A BANDIT
IN THE TREE.

Woman: 16 YEARS AGO,

I WAS TAKING IN DOGS AND CATS
AND FARM ANIMALS,

AND SOMEBODY BROUGHT ME
A PAIR OF RACCOON KITS.

IN THE STATE OF OKLAHOMA,

THE STATE OWNS THE WILDLIFE

AND IN ORDER TO
CARE FOR THEM,

YOU HAVE TO HAVE A SPECIAL
LICENSE FOR REHABILITATION.

AND I WENT LOOKING FOR
A FACILITY THAT WOULD TAKE THEM

AND TURN THEM LOOSE
WHEN THEY WERE RAISED;

THERE WASN'T ONE.

SO, WHAT I DECIDED TO DO WAS TO
GET A LICENSE AND RUIN MY LIFE.

AT THE TIME, I DIDN'T KNOW
I WAS RUINING MY LIFE.

I THOUGHT,
A COUPLE OF RACCOON KITS,

LOTS OF FUN,
GET THEM WILD.

MY FIRST YEAR,
I TOOK IN

860 ORPHANED AND INJURED
WILD ANIMALS.

AND SO, I REALIZED THAT
THERE WAS A HUGE NEED.

IN 16 YEARS,

I'VE RELEASED WAY OVER 16,000
ANIMALS INTO THE WILD.

WE AVERAGE 1,000 A YEAR.

Narrator: THERE IS ONE ANIMAL
AT WILD HEART RANCH

WHO CAN NEVER BE RELEASED --
A 16 YEAR OLD

LONE SITKA DEER NAMED AMY,
WHO IS NOT NATIVE TO THE AREA.

Tucker:
HER MOTHERING INSTINCTS

ARE VERY DOMINANT.

SO, BECAUSE I HAVE MANY,
MANY BABY DEER,

IT WORKED OUT PERFECT,
BECAUSE SHE'S WILLING TO

ACCEPT THESE ORPHANS
AS HER OWN

AND TEACH THEM
TO BEHAVE LIKE A DEER.

THE DOG IS A GOLDEN RETRIEVER
PUPPY NAMED "RANSOM."

HE WAS BORN BLIND.

AT SIX WEEKS OLD,
WE TOOK THE PUPPY IN,

OTHERWISE THE PUPPY
WOULD HAVE BEEN EUTHANIZED.

WHAT HAPPENED WAS,
HERE'S THIS LITTLE BLIND PUPPY,

AND WHEN I'M NOT AROUND,
HE'S LOOKING FOR COMFORT,

HE'S TRYING TO FIND
SOMETHING TO NURTURE HIM.

AMY, BEING A NATURAL MOTHER,
ADOPTED THIS BLIND PUPPY.

SO, WE SHARE CUSTODY.

AMY AND I HAVE
JOINT CUSTODY OF THE DOG.

AND, WHETHER I'M HERE
OR SHE'S HERE,

IT ENRICHES HIS LIFE.

AND IT GIVES HIM
A SENSE OF SECURITY.

SHE HAS
A NATURAL COMPASSION.

SHE KNOWS
IT'S NOT A DEER.

SHE'S HAD PLENTY OF DEER --
SHE KNOWS HE'S NOT A DEER.

THEY SLEEP TOGETHER AT NIGHT,

AND THEN IN THE MORNING,
HE WAKES UP,

AND BEFORE HE STARTS HIS DAY,
SHE SPIKES HIS COAT.

AND, I KNOW THAT HE'S GOTTEN

HIS LITTLE HAIRDO FOR THE DAY
FROM AMY, HIS DEER MOM.

RANSOM REGAINED HIS EYESIGHT
SEVERAL WEEKS AGO.

IT WAS SUDDEN.

IT TURNED OUT HIS PROBLEM
WAS NUTRITIONAL.

SO, NOW HE SEES AMY,
HE KNOWS WHAT SHE IS,

BUT TO HIM,
THAT'S STILL MOM.

THAT'S THE RELATIONSHIP
THAT'S BEEN FORGED AND NURTURED.

IT WORKS FOR RANSOM,
AND AMY LOVES HIM.

Man: I THINK A LOT OF PEOPLE

FIND THESE CROSS-SPECIES
RELATIONSHIPS SURPRISING,

BECAUSE THEY DON'T APPRECIATE
THE RICHNESS

OF THE EMOTIONAL LIVES
OF NON-HUMAN ANIMALS.

THAT NON-HUMAN ANIMALS

EXPERIENCE THE SAME
EMOTIONS WE DO.

I LOVE STORIES ABOUT
ANIMAL BEHAVIOR,

AND I ALWAYS LIKE TO SAY

THE PLURAL OF ANECDOTE
IS DATA.

AND WHEN I HEAR 100 STORIES

ABOUT AN IMPROBABLE
RELATIONSHIP,

AS A SCIENTIST,

IT BEHOOVES ME OR SOMEONE
TO GO STUDY THEM.

Narrator: ENDURING RELATIONSHIPS
ACROSS SPECIES MAY BE RARE,

BUT CARETAKERS OF ANIMALS
HAVE OBSERVED SO MANY

THAT SCIENTISTS NOW REGARD
THEIR ACCOUNTS

AS VALUABLE FIELD REPORTS,
WARRANTING FURTHER STUDY.

THIS COULD HERALD
A WHOLE NEW AREA OF SCIENCE.

Tucker:
COME ON, BABIES.

COME HERE, CHARLIE HORSE.
COME ON, HORSE.

THIS IS CHARLIE AND JACK.

CHARLIE IS A HORSE
THAT I RESCUED.

HE'S EXTREMELY OLD --

HE IS 40 YEARS OLD.

HE'S LOST THE SIGHT
IN BOTH OF HIS EYES.

WHEN HE LOST HIS EYESIGHT,

WE DECIDED THAT
WE NEEDED TO PUT HIM DOWN,

BUT WE DIDN'T GIVE
ENOUGH CREDIT

TO RELATIONSHIPS
AMONG OUR ANIMALS.

BECAUSE AS SOON AS
CHARLIE LOST HIS EYESIGHT,

JACK, MY OLD GOAT HERE,
WHO'S 16,

TOOK UP THE JOB
OF BEING CHARLIE'S EYES.

ONE TIME WE HAD

SOME TORNADO WEATHER,
AND THERE WAS A MICROBLAST.

[ HORSE WHINNIES ]

[ THUNDER CRASHING ]

JACK CAME HOME SCREAMING.

AND IT WAS LIKE,
"TIMMY'S IN THE WELL!"

KIND OF THING -- HE'S RUNNING TO
THE GATE, HE'S YELLING.

AND SO WE COME THROUGH THE GATE,
AND JACK JUST TOOK OFF.

AND WHAT WE FOUND
WAS THE MICROBLAST

HAD TWISTED A GROVE
OF TREES IN A CIRCLE,

AND MY BLIND HORSE
IS IN THE MIDDLE OF IT.

AND THERE WAS NO WAY
FOR HIM TO GET OUT.

SO, JACK ACTUALLY

CAME AND GOT US
TO GO HELP HIS BUDDY

BECAUSE HE COULDN'T LEAD
CHARLIE OUT OF THAT.

AFTER THAT DAY, I'VE NO LONGER
WORRIED ABOUT MY BLIND HORSE.

THE REASON I KNOW THAT JACK
KNOWS THAT CHARLIE IS BLIND

IS BECAUSE WHEN CHARLIE LOST HIS
EYESIGHT IN THE ONE EYE,

JACK WOULD LEAD HIM
ON THE SIDE.

WHEN CHARLIE LOST THE EYESIGHT
IN HIS REMAINING EYE,

JACK STARTED LEADING
IN THE FRONT.

THERE IS A PATCH OF GRASS

THAT GROWS IN
THE BACK OF THE PROPERTY,

AND IT'S HARD TO GET TO.

AND FOR NO APPARENT REASON,
JACK WILL TAKE CHARLIE BACK,

LETS HIS FRIEND GRAZE.

WHEN CHARLIE'S DONE,
JACK LEADS HIM BACK.

WHEN THEY ARE LEADING BACK,

TYPICALLY THE GOAT WOULD BE
FORAGING ALONG THE WAY HOME --

HE DOESN'T DO THAT;
HE STAYS ON THE TRAIL.

HE LINES HIMSELF UP
IN FRONT OF HIS BUDDY,

KEEPS CHARLIE WITHIN
10 OR 15 FEET OF HIM,

AND BRINGS HIM HOME SLOWLY.

CHARLIE CAN TELL THE DIFFERENCE
BETWEEN JACK'S FOOTSTEPS

AND THE OTHER HORSE
OR PEOPLE.

CHARLIE KNOWS
THOSE FOOTSTEPS

LIKE HIS OWN HEARTBEAT.

ONCE CHARLIE KNOWS
JACK HAS HIM ON THE TRAIL,

YOU'LL NOTICE
HE STOPS SWEEPING --

BECAUSE HE KNOWS JACK IS
GOING TO LEAD HIM TO THIS AREA

THAT CHARLIE IS
MOST FAMILIAR WITH,

AND THEN HE'S GOOD.

WE SAY THAT HUMANS
ARE THE ONLY ONES

WITH THE INSTINCT
OF COMPASSION.

I SAY THAT'S WRONG.

I SAY THAT SOME PEOPLE ARE
MORE COMPASSIONATE THAN OTHERS,

SOME ANIMALS ARE MORE
COMPASSIONATE THAN OTHER ANIMALS

BUT WE'RE ALL CAPABLE.

WE ALL HAVE THE SAME INSTINCT
TO BE COMPASSIONATE.

JACK GETS NOTHING
OUT OF THIS RELATIONSHIP.

CHARLIE CAN NEITHER PROTECT HIM
OR PROVIDE FOR HIM.

SO, WHAT JACK HAS DONE IS,
HE IS PROTECTING HIS FRIEND,

PERIOD, END OF STORY.

THERE IS NO CHARLIE
WITHOUT JACK.

ALL OF THE THINGS THAT
A NORMAL,

SIGHTED HORSE WOULD HAVE,
HE HAS,

BASED ON A RELATIONSHIP
WITH AN OLD GOAT.

Narrator:
AFTER 16 YEARS WITH JACK,

CHARLIE RECENTLY HAD HIS LAST
MOMENT IN THE SUN AND DIED.

JACK WALKED OUT TO HIS FRIEND
AND PUT HIS HEAD DOWN.

AND, UH, HE TURNED AROUND
AND WENT HOME.

UM, AND THE WAY HE WENT HOME
SURPRISED ME.

I KIND OF EXPECTED JACK TO HAVE
AN EMOTIONAL REACTION,

BUT HE REALLY DIDN'T.

HE TURNED AROUND, AND HE HEADED
BACK HOME DOWN THE TRAIL.

AND WENT TO HIS FAVORITE PLACE
TO BED DOWN AT NIGHT,

AND HE WAS DONE.

AT FIRST, I THOUGHT,

WELL, MAYBE HE DOESN'T
UNDERSTAND CHARLIE HAS GONE.

BUT THEN I THOUGHT,

WELL, HE'S NEVER LEFT HIS SIDE,

AND SEEING CHARLIE LAYING DOWN
LIKE THAT SHOULD ALARM JACK.

BUT, IT DIDN'T ALARM HIM.

HE JUST KIND OF WENT,
"OKAY, OLD FRIEND,

YOU KNOW, WE'RE DONE."

AND VERY QUICKLY,
HE'S GONE DOWNHILL.

I DON'T WANT THIS LITTLE GOAT
AND THIS LITTLE HORSE'S STORY

TO PASS UNKNOWN.

THE STIGMA WITH ANIMALS THAT
THEY'RE JUST MUSCLE AND BONE

AND ALL THEY CARE ABOUT
IS FOOD --

I MEAN, WHO WOULD THINK THAT

A GOAT WOULD TAKE UP WITH
A BLIND HORSE

AND SPEND YEARS DOING NOTHING
EXCEPT BABYSITTING THIS ANIMAL

JUST BECAUSE HE NEEDED HELP?

THESE GUYS HAVE
SO MUCH MORE TO THEM

THAN WE GIVE THEM
CREDIT FOR.

WE BURIED CHARLIE
IN A SPOT IN THE WOODS

UNDER THE TREES WHERE
THEY USED TO HANG OUT.

AND YOU COULD GO THERE
IN THE AFTERNOON,

AND CHARLIE WOULD BE GRAZING,

AND JACK WOULD BE
LYING IN THE SUN, AND...

THAT'S WHERE WE PUT CHARLIE,

AND SOON JACK WILL JOIN
HIS FRIEND RIGHT THERE.

Grandin: I THINK GRIEVING,
YOU KNOW,

WHEN YOU LOSE A FRIEND,

IT'S A FORM OF
SEPARATION DISTRESS.

THERE'S SOME BRAND NEW RESEARCH
THAT SHOWS THAT

PHYSIOLOGICALLY,
THE PAIN CIRCUITS

ACTUALLY GET INVOLVED
IN EMOTIONAL PAIN.

THERE'S BEEN BRAIN SCAN STUDIES

WHERE THEY'VE PUT PEOPLE
IN SCANNERS

AND SHOW THEM PICTURES OF
DEPARTED LOVED ONES,

AND THE PAIN CIRCUITS
ARE TURNING ON.

Brent: WE ARE INTERESTED
IN WHAT THEY PERCEIVE,

AT LEAST WHEN IT
COMES TO DEATH.

SO, WE'VE DESIGNED
AN EXPERIMENT WHERE

I SHOW MONKEYS PICTURES OF
THE FACES OF OTHER MONKEYS.

MONKEY, LOOK LEFT.

LOOK RIGHT.

ON ONE SIDE OF THE APPARATUS,

I'LL SHOW THEM THE PICTURE OF
AN ANIMAL WHO'S IN THEIR GROUP,

CURRENTLY ALIVE.

AND THE OTHER SIDE OF
THE APPARATUS,

I'LL SHOW THEM
A PICTURE OF AN ANIMAL

RECENTLY IN THEIR GROUP,
BUT WHO HAS DIED.

AND I RECORD THEIR REACTION.

AND IF THEY SPEND MORE TIME
LOOKING AT THE DEAD INDIVIDUAL,

POTENTIALLY THIS IS AN INDICATOR

THAT AT LEAST IT'S SOMETHING
THAT THEY FIND INTERESTING.

WE WON'T BE ABLE TO SAY,
"OH, IT'S A SIGN OF GRIEF,"

BUT AT LEAST IT'LL BE
A FIRST STEP

IN HAVING GOOD
QUANTITATIVE EVIDENCE

THAT THIS IS SOMETHING THAT
THEY POTENTIALLY UNDERSTAND.

Narrator: PROFESSOR BRENT'S
FIELD RESEARCH

ON GRIEF AMONG
MACAQUES CONTINUES;

THE RESULTS OF
HER EXPERIMENTS

HAVE YET TO BE TABULATED.

Brent: CURRENTLY, WE DON'T
ACTUALLY UNDERSTAND VERY MUCH

IF ANYTHING ABOUT WHAT
NON-HUMAN ANIMALS

THINK ABOUT DEATH.

WE CAN'T SAY WITH ANY CERTAINTY
THAT NON-HUMAN ANIMALS GRIEVE.

Bekoff: SOME PEOPLE
LIKE TO THINK THAT

WE ARE THE TEMPLATE
AGAINST WHICH

ALL OTHER ANIMALS
SHOULD BE COMPARED.

BUT WE DON'T REALLY HAVE
EXCLUSIVITY ON EMOTIONS.

WE HAVE JOY,
OTHER ANIMALS HAVE JOY.

WE HAVE DEEP GRIEF,
OTHER ANIMALS HAVE DEEP GRIEF.

OUR JOY MAY BE DIFFERENT
FROM THE JOY OF A DOG,

OR OUR GRIEF
MAY BE DIFFERENT FROM

THE GRIEF OF
A DEEPLY GRIEVING GOAT

WHO LOST THEIR HORSE FRIEND,

OR AN ELEPHANT WHO LOST
THEIR ELEPHANT FRIEND,

BUT FROM THE FACT THAT
IT'S DIFFERENT,

IT DOESN'T MEAN IT'S LESS DEEP,
IT'S JUST DIFFERENT.

Narrator: AT THE MONKEYLAND

PRIMATE SANCTUARY
IN SOUTH AFRICA,

SURPLUS ZOO ANIMALS
AND ABANDONED PETS

ARE OFFERED A NEW BEGINNING.

KEEPERS HELP THEM GAIN
THEIR NATURAL IDENTITIES

IN A LARGE,
PROTECTED HABITAT.

Schauerte: OUR MAIN CONCERN
WITH PRIMATES IS THAT

THEY ARE STILL BOUGHT
AS A PET.

AND WE'VE SEEN IT
WITH EXPERIENCE THAT MONKEYS

DON'T MAKE GOOD PETS.

THE BACKGROUND

TO MOST OF OUR
INDIVIDUAL MONKEYS

AREN'T REALLY
WELL KNOWN TO US,

BECAUSE THE PEOPLE WHO BRING
THE MONKEYS TO US

ARE NOT REALLY KEEN TO
ACTUALLY EXPLAIN THE SCENARIO

PRIOR TO THEM
BEING DROPPED OFF HERE.

Narrator: ATLAS THE GIBBON
WAS BORN IN A SOUTH AFRICAN ZOO.

HE WAS ONLY TWO WHEN HIS FATHER
BECAME VERY AGGRESSIVE WITH HIM

AND THE ZOO WAS FORCED TO TAKE
ATLAS AWAY FROM HIS FAMILY.

AFTER 13 YEARS AT MONKEYLAND,

HE IS STILL STRUGGLING
TO FIT IN.

ATLAS SPENT HIS FIRST FEW MONTHS
HERE IN A PRE-RELEASE CAGE

WITH TWO OTHER GIBBONS.

THE KEEPERS HOPED HE WOULD BOND
WITH MONKEYS THAT,

ALTHOUGH DARKER IN COLOR,
WERE OF HIS OWN KIND.

INSTEAD, ATLAS SPENT MORE TIME

FOCUSING HIS ATTENTION
ON THE MONKEYS

OUTSIDE THE ENCLOSURE.

Schauerte: ALL THE MONKEYS THAT
ACTUALLY LIVE IN MONKEYLAND

ARE CURIOUS OF NEWCOMERS.

SO, ANY NEW INDIVIDUAL

THAT IS ACTUALLY RELEASED
INTO THE PRE-RELEASE CAGE

WILL BE VISITED BY,
TYPICALLY,

NEARLY EVERY SINGLE MONKEY
IN THE FOREST,

JUST TO SEE WHO THEY ARE.

Narrator:
ONE GROUP OF MONKEYS

REALLY CAUGHT THE EYE
OF YOUNG ATLAS.

Schauerte: NORMALLY WE DON'T SEE
MUCH INTERACTION

BETWEEN SPECIES,
BUT CAPUCHIN MONKEYS,

WE NOTICED THAT,
ESPECIALLY THE JUVENILES,

WERE ENGAGING ON THE FENCING
OR ON THE ROOF OF THE CAGE,

WERE ENGAGING IN PLAYFUL
ACTIVITIES WITH ATLAS.

Narrator: WHEN IT CAME TIME TO
BE RELEASED FROM THE CAGE,

THE TWO OTHER GIBBONS
BOUNDED OFF INTO THE FOREST,

LEAVING ATLAS BEHIND.

THAT'S WHEN ATLAS MADE
AN UNEXPECTED DECISION.

[ ATLAS CALLING ]

HE JOINED THE CAPUCHINS,

MAKING THEM
HIS SURROGATE FAMILY.

IN THE WILD,
MALE GIBBONS

ARE SUBSERVIENT TO FEMALES,

AND EVEN THEIR
OWN OFFSPRING.

BUT FAMILY BONDS
ARE TIGHT AND ENDURING.

THE BONDS ATLAS HAS FORMED

WITH THE CAPUCHINS, HOWEVER,
ARE GENERAL AND FLEETING.

HE ENGAGES
THE PLAYFUL CURIOSITY

OF THE JUVENILES
UNTIL THEY GROW

AND MOVE UP IN THE TROOP.

THEN HE CONNECTS WITH
THE NEXT GENERATION.

Narrator: ATLAS WAITS
WITH THE JUVENILES

FOR HIS TURN TO EAT.

THE CAPUCHINS TOLERATE ATLAS;

HE'S A MISFIT.

BUT EVEN AS A MARGINAL MEMBER
OF THE TROOP,

HE GAINS SOME FEELING
OF COMPANIONSHIP.

THE CONFINES OF THE SANCTUARY
BRING TOGETHER MONKEYS

THAT WOULD RARELY COME INTO
CONTACT IN THE WILD.

AND THEY ALL HAVE TO
FIGURE OUT HOW TO GET ALONG.

LARGER AND MORE AGGRESSIVE,

VERVETS ARE THE CAPUCHINS'
MAIN RIVALS FOR FOOD.

THE YOUNG CAPUCHINS VALUE ATLAS

AS A PROTECTIVE ALLY.

HE GUARDS THEM AS THEY FEED,
DRIVING OFF

THE COMPETITION.

Narrator: DESPITE HIS EFFORTS,

ATLAS SEEMS DESTINED
TO LEAD A SOLITARY LIFE.

MOST GIBBONS DO NOWADAYS,

BECAUSE THEIR SPECIES
IS ENDANGERED.

Schauerte: ANIMALS DON'T ALWAYS
FIND THE RIGHT PARTNER

AT THE RIGHT TIME,

ESPECIALLY NOWADAYS
WITH DEFORESTATION

BEING A BIG ISSUE
IN THE WILD.

SO, THEY MAY BE SPENDING MONTHS
OR EVEN YEARS ALONE

WITHOUT THE BECK CALL
OF FEMALE

THAT WOULD ACTUALLY
PARTNER UP WITH THEM.

[ CALLING ]

[ ATLAS'S CALLS ECHO AND FADE ]

Bekoff: MANY ANIMALS HAVE
A VERY STRONG SOCIAL DRIVE.

IT'S ALMOST AN INSTINCT
TO BE WITH OTHER ANIMALS.

AND YOU'LL FIND VARIATION
WITHIN SPECIES,

BUT REALLY MOST INDIVIDUALS
OF SOCIAL SPECIES

HAVE THIS INNATE DRIVE
TO HAVE FRIENDS

AND TO BE
PART OF A GROUP.

SOME OF THE CROSS-SPECIES
RELATIONSHIPS

ARE REALLY AMONG ODD COUPLES,
IF YOU WILL.

Narrator: SOMETIMES,
ANIMAL ATTRACTION IS A MYSTERY.

THIS 45-YEAR-OLD FEMALE
ALDABRA TORTOISE

WAS CHOSEN BY AN UNLIKELY
SUITOR, A MALE BRANT GOOSE.

THE GOOSE FOLLOWS
THE TORTOISE EVERYWHERE,

AND WARY BE THE ONE
WHO GETS TOO CLOSE TO HER.

[ HONKING ]

BRANT GEESE MATE FOR LIFE,

AND IN THE TORTOISE, OUR GOOSE
HAS FOUND A ROCK STEADY PARTNER,

BUT WHAT DOES THE TORTOISE
GET OUT OF IT?

WELL, SHE GETS A PROTECTOR,
A COMPANION,

AND A COVETED SPACE

AT THE ALL-YOU-CAN-EAT
SALAD BAR.

[ HONKING ]

THE TORTOISE IS ENTIRELY CAPABLE
OF REBUFFING HIS ATTENTIONS,

BUT SHE ACCEPTS THEM.

THEY'VE BEEN TOGETHER
FOR OVER FOUR YEARS,

AND THEIR KEEPERS HAVE
NEVER SEEN ANYTHING LIKE IT.

Brent:
WHEN IT COMES TO FORMING

THESE COMPLICATED RELATIONSHIPS
WITH OTHERS,

I THINK WE HAVE TO ADMIT THAT

WE'RE NOT THE ONLY ONES
THAT DO THAT,

AND THAT OTHER ANIMALS
HAVE FRIENDS, TOO,

AND POTENTIALLY
EVOLVED THAT TRAIT

FOR THE SAME REASON
THAT WE DID.

THIS INCREDIBLY COMPLICATED,

TIME CONSUMING, SOMETIMES
PAINFUL, THING THAT WE DO --

GETTING A RELATIONSHIP WITH
ANOTHER INDIVIDUAL --

IS NECESSARY
FOR OUR SURVIVAL.

Bekoff: GOOD SCIENTISTS
ARE REALLY TAPPING INTO STORIES

AND THEN DOING
MORE SYSTEMATIC RESEARCH.

IT'S GOING TO BE SLOW,

BECAUSE SCIENTISTS WE'RE VERY
SLOW TO ACCEPT THAT

DOGS HAD EMOTIONS.

SO, THEY'RE GOING TO BE
MORE RELUCTANT

TO THINK ABOUT HIPPOS
AND TORTOISES,

OR, SAY, CHEETAHS AND DOGS.

BUT I THINK WITH THIS
HEIGHTENED INTEREST

IN UNLIKELY FRIENDSHIPS,

YOU'RE GOING TO SEE
A LOT MORE REPORTS OF IT

FROM CREDIBLE FIELD BIOLOGISTS.

Narrator:
THE RELATIONSHIPS WE'VE SEEN

BETWEEN ANIMALS DRAWN TOGETHER
ACROSS THE SPECIES DIVIDE

SHOW ELEMENTS OF
WHAT WE CALL FRIENDSHIP --

COMMUNICATION,
TRUST,

COMPASSION,
EVEN ALTRUISM.

BUT THESE PARTNERSHIPS ARE
BETWEEN DOMESTICATED ANIMALS,

OR HAVE BEEN FOSTERED
IN SOME WAY BY HUMANS.

WOULD AN ANIMAL IN THE WILD

FEEL COMPELLED TO BUILD
A FRIENDSHIP

WITH ANOTHER FROM
A DIFFERENT SPECIES?

Woman: IT WAS EITHER THE NEXT
DAY OR THE DAY AFTER,

I CAN'T QUITE REMEMBER,
WE STARTED HEARING

THE CALLING.

[ ANIMAL CRYING ]

THE BABY SCREAMING,
AND THEY SOUND LIKE A BABY.

THEY SOUND LIKE A CHILD.

AND WE COULD HEAR IT,
WE DIDN'T KNOW WHAT IT WAS.

SO WE WENT OUT TO INVESTIGATE,

AND WE COULDN'T SEE ANYTHING,
BUT WE COULD HEAR IT.

AND THIS WENT ON

FOR THREE DAYS.

IT WAS WANDERING AROUND,
CRYING AND CRYING.

AND WE REALIZED THAT
THE MOM HAD DESERTED IT.

EVENTUALLY IT GOT TO THE POINT
WHERE WE THOUGHT, YOU KNOW,

IT'S REALLY HOT OUT,

SHE'S IN THE MIDDLE OF
THE PADDOCK

CRYING HER LITTLE EYES OUT.

SO WE WENT OUT
AND BROUGHT HER IN THE HOUSE,

AND THAT WAS THAT.

KATE INSTANTLY
TOOK TO THE FAWN.

SHE ACTED AS IF THIS WAS WHAT
SHE HAD ALWAYS BEEN WAITING FOR.

IT WAS AS IF
A NEW MOM HAD STEPPED IN,

AND THE FAWN
INSTANTLY BRIGHTENED UP.

AND IT JUST WENT UP FROM THERE.

KATE WAS AMAZING.

SHE WAS SO PATIENT.

I WAS A LITTLE WORRIED
BECAUSE THE FAWN WAS SO ROUGH

SUCKLING ON HER,
AND THERE'S NO MILK,

SO SHE KEPT BOOTING HER,
YOU KNOW,

HOW THEY DO THAT
WITH THEIR HEAD.

SHE NEVER RAISED A LIP.

SHE NEVER GROWLED,
SHE NEVER DID ANYTHING.

GOOD DOG!

KATE JUST SEEMED TO KNOW

THAT THIS LITTLE ANIMAL
NEEDED LOOKING AFTER.

SHE USED TO TAKE HER AROUND
THE EDGE OF THE LAWN

QUITE A BIT, AND INTO
THE FOREST A LITTLE BIT,

BUT NOT TOO FAR.

SO I'M NOT SURE IF SHE WAS
TEACHING HER BOUNDARIES OR NOT,

BUT IT LOOKED LIKE IT.

SHE WOULD WALK AROUND SNIFFING
AS IF SHE WAS GRAZING.

AND PIP WOULD BE RIGHT BESIDE
HER GRAZING.

BUT I DON'T KNOW WHETHER
KATE KNEW THAT SHE WAS

TEACHING HER SOMETHING,
BUT SHE DID.

YOU KNOW, I DON'T BELIEVE IN
MAKING THEM INTO PETS.

WE WERE JUST TRYING TO
SAVE HER LIFE.

I DIDN'T WANT TO BE PICKING HER
UP AND CUDDLING HER,

OR ANYTHING LIKE THAT --
SHE'S A DEER.

AND I WANTED HER TO LIVE
A DEER'S LIFE.

AFTER ABOUT TWO WEEKS,
SHE WANTED TO BE OUTSIDE

AND SLEEPING IN THE WOODS,

AND THAT'S
THE WAY IT WENT.

AND IT WAS MORTIFYING,

YOU KNOW, THINKING THAT SHE WAS
SLEEPING OUT IN THE WOODS,

ALL ON HER OWN --
BUT THAT'S WHAT DEER DO.

THEY HIDE THEIR BABIES FOR
12 HOURS AND GO OFF,

AND DO WHATEVER.

AND THE BABY HAS A SUCKLE,
AND THEN THE MOM'S GONE AGAIN.

SHE'D SLEEP IN THE WOODS
FOR HOURS,

AND THEN KATE
WOULD GO AND FIND HER.

SHE'D COME IN AND HAVE HER MEAL,

AND THEY'D PLAY FOR
A FEW MINUTES,

AND THEN SHE'D GO TO SLEEP
AGAIN, JUST LIKE ALL BABIES --

YOU KNOW, PLAY, EAT, SLEEP.

Narrator: AS THE MONTHS PASSED,
PIP GREW BY LEAPS AND BOUNDS.

AND SHE BEGAN TO STAY AWAY
FOR DAYS AT A TIME.

KATE KEPT A CONSTANT VIGIL
FOR HER FRIEND.

Springett: WHEN THEY
GREET EACH OTHER,

I'VE NEVER SEEN
ANYTHING LIKE IT.

IT'S NOT A DEER GREETING A DEER,
IT'S NOT A DOG GREETING A DOG.

IT'S DEFINITELY

SOMETHING THAT THEY HAVE
BETWEEN THE TWO OF THEM.

I THINK THE THING
THAT SURPRISED ME MOST

WAS WHEN THEY
STARTED TO PLAY.

[ LAUGHING ]

I'VE SEEN THEM BE VERY LOVING
TO EACH OTHER,

LIKE LAYING ON THE GRASS

AND CURLING THEIR NECKS
AROUND EACH OTHER,

AND JUST
RESTING ON EACH OTHER.

AND TO ME, IT LOOKS LIKE
A LOVING FRIENDSHIP.

PIP HAS DONE A REALLY GOOD JOB
OF FOLLOWING HER INSTINCTS

AND NOT BECOMING TOO,
UH, HUMANIZED.

OTHER DOGS SOMETIMES COME AROUND

AND SHE DOESN'T REACT
TO THEM AT ALL.

SHE DOESN'T COME NEAR THEM.

IT'S ONLY KATE THAT
SHE IS ATTACHED TO.

Narrator:
WHEN SHE'S NOT WITH KATE,

PIP MERGES INTO THE HERD OF DEER
THAT GRAZE ON ISOBEL'S PROPERTY.

Springett: IT'S AMAZING THAT SHE
HAS A HUGE COMMUNITY

THAT SHE'S WITH, OF DEER,

AND SHE LEAVES THAT COMMUNITY
AND COMES TO SEE KATE,

I THINK IS REALLY COOL.

I THINK THAT'S AMAZING,

AND I THINK THAT SPEAKS
A LOT FOR ANIMALS --

NOT NECESSARILY INTELLIGENCE,

BUT THAT WE DON'T GIVE THEM
ENOUGH CREDIT

FOR HOW MUCH THEY ABSORB
IN THEIR LIVES,

HOW MUCH INFORMATION THEY
TAKE IN AND STORE AND THEY USE.

I THINK WE COULD BE GONE
FOR YEARS AND COME BACK

AND PIP WOULD STILL KNOW
WHO KATE WAS.

WHEN WE'RE IN THE WOODS,
SHE'LL OFTEN BE LOOKING FOR HER.

AND THEN WHEN SHE SEES HER,
SHE'S HAPPY TO SEE HER,

YOU KNOW -- THE WHOLE TAIL
STARTS GOING, YOU KNOW.

THREE TIMES NOW,
SHE HAS HAD HER FAWNS

WITHIN A HUNDRED FEET
OF THE HOUSE,

AND I THINK THAT SHE FEELS THAT

SHE'S GETTING SOME
PROTECTION FROM KATE.

WHEN IT FIRST STARTED OUT,

THERE WAS A LOT OF KATE
LOOKING FOR PIPPEN.

SHE WOULD GO OFF INTO THE WOODS

AND LOOK FOR
WHERE SHE WAS SLEEPING,

AND WAS SO THRILLED
WHEN SHE WOULD FIND HER

AND WOULD BRING HER BACK
FOR HER FEEDING.

AND THAT WAS WHEN THERE REALLY
WAS A LOT OF INVESTMENT

BY KATE IN PIPPEN.

NOW, PIP COMES BACK
TO FIND KATE.

SO, I THINK THAT SPEAKS A HUGE
AMOUNT TO ANIMAL RELATIONSHIPS.

AND I THINK THAT'S THE BEAUTIFUL
THING THEY CAN TEACH US,

IS THAT IT DOESN'T MATTER
WHAT YOU LOOK LIKE,

IT DOESN'T MATTER
WHAT SPECIES YOU ARE.

WE'RE ALL FROM THE SAME PLANET.

WE ALL NEED BASICALLY
THE SAME THINGS.

WHY NOT A DOG AND A DEER?

WHY NOT?

TO LEARN MORE ABOUT WHAT YOU'VE
SEEN ON THIS "NATURE" PROGRAM,

VISIT pbs.org.