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00:00:01,735 --> 00:00:04,838
{\an7}\h\h\hOREGON--IT’S A LAND
OF SURPRISING CONTRASTS.
2
00:00:04,872 --> 00:00:07,041
{\an7}\h\h\h\hIN THE WEST,
A PRIMEVAL LANDSCAPE
3
00:00:07,074 --> 00:00:09,510
{\an7}AT THE EDGE OF THE WORLD.
4
00:00:09,643 --> 00:00:13,914
{\an7}TO THE EAST, MILES OF
HIGH-ALTITUDE DESERT
5
00:00:13,947 --> 00:00:16,850
{\an7}TOO DESOLATE FOR LIFE TO THRIVE.
6
00:00:16,884 --> 00:00:21,322
{\an7}BUT EVERYWHERE, EVIDENCE
OF A RICH VOLCANIC PAST--
7
00:00:21,421 --> 00:00:23,890
{\an7}\h\h\h\h\h\hA LAVA FLOW WHERE
APOLLO 11 ASTRONAUTS TRAINED
8
00:00:23,924 --> 00:00:26,293
{\an7}TO WALK ON THE MOON,
9
00:00:26,326 --> 00:00:31,164
{\an7}A VAST CRATER WITH THE DEEPEST
LAKE IN NORTH AMERICA,
10
00:00:31,198 --> 00:00:34,334
{\an7}AND PAINTED HILLS THAT
\h\h\hHOLD THE FOSSILS
11
00:00:34,368 --> 00:00:37,438
{\an7}OF AMAZING ANCIENT CREATURES.
12
00:00:37,471 --> 00:00:39,073
{\an7}OREGON HAS ALWAYS BEEN KNOWN
13
00:00:39,106 --> 00:00:41,408
{\an7}FOR THE HOPEFUL SPIRIT
\h\h\h\hOF ITS PIONEERS
14
00:00:41,441 --> 00:00:44,577
{\an7}\h\h\hAND THE SUCCESS
OF ITS ENTREPRENEURS.
15
00:00:44,611 --> 00:00:47,848
{\an7}\h\h\h\h\h\h\hIT WAS HERE WHERE
A COLLEGE ATHLETE AND HIS COACH
16
00:00:47,881 --> 00:00:50,317
{\an7}TURNED A SIMPLE IDEA
\hFOR A RUNNING SHOE
17
00:00:50,484 --> 00:00:53,854
{\an7}\h\h\h\h\hINTO THE BEST-KNOWN
SPORTSWEAR BRAND OF ALL TIME,
18
00:00:53,887 --> 00:00:56,623
{\an7}\h\hAND WHERE A WHERE A YOUNG
WINEMAKER SURPRISED THE WORLD
19
00:00:56,657 --> 00:01:00,528
{\an7}BY GROWING AWARD-WINNING
\h\h\h\h\hOREGON GRAPES.
20
00:01:00,561 --> 00:01:03,497
{\an7}IT’S A PLACE WHERE ADRENALINE
\h\h\hJUNKIES TAKE TO THE AIR
21
00:01:03,530 --> 00:01:07,367
{\an7}ON ONE OF THE GREATEST
\h\hRIVERS IN THE WEST.
22
00:01:07,401 --> 00:01:10,704
{\an7}EVEN THE ENERGY HERE
\h\h\hIS ALTERNATIVE.
23
00:01:12,439 --> 00:01:15,475
{\an7}\hSO PROUD IS THIS STATE
OF ITS INNOVATIVE SPIRIT,
24
00:01:15,509 --> 00:01:19,513
{\an7}\h\h\h\h\h\hIT COINED THE MOTTO
"SHE FLIES WITH HER OWN WINGS."
25
00:01:21,214 --> 00:01:23,983
{\an7}THIS IS OREGON.
26
00:01:56,583 --> 00:01:59,352
{\an7}OUR JOURNEY ACROSS OREGON
\h\h\h\hBEGINS IN A PLACE
27
00:01:59,386 --> 00:02:02,923
{\an7}THAT DEFIES A SIMPLE
\h\h\h\hDESCRIPTION--
28
00:02:02,956 --> 00:02:06,993
{\an7}THE CITY OF PORTLAND CAN’T
\h\hBE EASILY PINNED DOWN.
29
00:02:07,027 --> 00:02:12,599
{\an7}INDIVIDUALITY, ECCENTRICITY AND
BEING DIFFERENT--DELIBERATELY--
30
00:02:12,633 --> 00:02:17,138
{\an7}\h\h\h\h\h\hA UNIQUE MIX THAT’S
INTRINSICALLY "MADE IN OREGON."
31
00:02:17,170 --> 00:02:20,173
{\an7}\h\h\h\hIT’S A PLACE WITH
A NON-CONFORMIST STREAK.
32
00:02:20,207 --> 00:02:23,777
{\an7}THE BIRTHPLACE OF THE SIMPSONS’
CREATOR, MATT GROENING,
33
00:02:23,810 --> 00:02:27,580
{\an7}\h\hAND THE CHILDHOOD HOME OF
GRUNGE ROCKER COURTNEY LOVE.
34
00:02:27,614 --> 00:02:32,219
{\an7}\h\h\hHERE, PUBS DON’T JUST SERVE
BEER, THEY’RE LIKELY TO BREW IT.
35
00:02:32,252 --> 00:02:35,455
{\an7}IT’S THE UNOFFICIAL CAPITAL
\hOF THE CRAFT BEER CRAZE,
36
00:02:35,489 --> 00:02:40,527
{\an7}\hAND HOME TO MORE TATTOO SHOPS
PER CAPITA THAN ANY OTHER CITY.
37
00:02:40,627 --> 00:02:43,797
{\an7}BUT ONLY FROM THE AIR IS
\hIT POSSIBLE TO DISCOVER
38
00:02:43,830 --> 00:02:49,035
{\an7}\h\h\hHOW PORTLAND TRULY
TURNS THINGS UPSIDE DOWN.
39
00:02:49,069 --> 00:02:53,106
{\an7}\h\h\hGARDENS GROW ON
27 ACRES OF ROOFTOP.
40
00:02:53,140 --> 00:02:56,744
{\an7}THEY’RE SURPRISING BUT SENSIBLE,
CAPTURING RAINFALL
41
00:02:56,777 --> 00:02:59,380
{\an7}THAT WOULD OTHERWISE
BE WASTED AS RUNOFF,
42
00:02:59,479 --> 00:03:02,349
{\an7}REDUCING POLLUTION
AND SAVING ENERGY.
43
00:03:03,550 --> 00:03:06,586
{\an7}REINVENTING GREEN SPACES
\h\h\h\h\hIS JUST ONE WAY
44
00:03:06,620 --> 00:03:09,356
{\an7}OREGONIANS THINK OUTSIDE THE BOX
45
00:03:09,389 --> 00:03:11,458
{\an7}\h\h\h\hAND KEEP ALIVE
THE ADVENTUROUS SPIRIT
46
00:03:11,558 --> 00:03:14,928
{\an7}\h\hOF THE STATE’S
ORIGINAL PIONEERS.
47
00:03:14,961 --> 00:03:17,730
{\an7}\hTO UNDERSTAND HOW ONE OF
AMERICA’S QUIRKIEST CITIES
48
00:03:17,764 --> 00:03:19,099
{\an7}GOT THIS WAY
49
00:03:19,132 --> 00:03:22,102
{\an7}REQUIRES TRAVELING
\h\h\hBACK IN TIME,
50
00:03:22,135 --> 00:03:25,438
{\an7}\h\h\hSTARTING AT ONE OF
OREGON’S WILDEST PLACES.
51
00:03:27,507 --> 00:03:30,176
{\an7}\hAT THE CENTER OF THIS STATE
IS AN UNUSUAL GATHERING PLACE
52
00:03:30,210 --> 00:03:33,146
{\an7}\h\hIN THE FOOTHILLS OF
THE OCHOCO MOUNTAINS--
53
00:03:33,180 --> 00:03:35,015
{\an7}ONE THAT SEEMS TO
\hBREATHE THE AIR
54
00:03:35,048 --> 00:03:38,018
{\an7}OF OREGON’S PIONEERING SPIRIT.
55
00:03:38,051 --> 00:03:40,554
{\an7}THE APPROPRIATELY NAMED
\h\h\h\h\hCROOKED RIVER
56
00:03:40,587 --> 00:03:43,190
{\an7}\h\hTWISTS AND TURNS
THROUGH STEEP SLOPES
57
00:03:43,223 --> 00:03:46,860
{\an7}TO THE TOWERING SPIRES
\h\h\h\hOF SMITH ROCK.
58
00:03:48,462 --> 00:03:50,431
{\an7}THIS CASTLE OF CRAGGY PEAKS
59
00:03:50,464 --> 00:03:52,533
{\an7}\h\h\h\h\hDATES BACK TO
A CATASTROPHIC ERUPTION
60
00:03:52,566 --> 00:03:55,369
{\an7}NEARLY 20 MILLION YEARS AGO.
61
00:03:55,469 --> 00:03:58,572
{\an7}\hHOT ASH, LAVA, AND
CHUNKS OF ROCK SURGED
62
00:03:58,605 --> 00:04:02,776
{\an7}\hLIKE AN ANCIENT OIL GUSHER,
EVENTUALLY COOLING IN PLACE,
63
00:04:02,809 --> 00:04:08,114
{\an7}\hAND OVER TIME WEATHERING
INTO GREAT STONE PINNACLES.
64
00:04:08,148 --> 00:04:12,819
{\an7}\hIN SOME CULTURES, PLACES
LIKE THIS ATTRACT MYSTICS.
65
00:04:12,853 --> 00:04:16,857
{\an7}IN OREGON, IT’S A HAVEN
\h\h\hFOR ADVENTURERS.
66
00:04:16,890 --> 00:04:19,326
{\an7}WELCOME TO ONE OF THE HOTTEST
\h\hSPOTS FOR SPORT CLIMBING
67
00:04:19,359 --> 00:04:22,562
{\an7}IN NORTH AMERICA, CHALLENGING
\h\h\h\hTHE BEST IN THE WORLD
68
00:04:22,696 --> 00:04:27,334
{\an7}\h\h\h\hTO FIND NEW ROUTES UP
ITS MOST DEMANDING SURFACES.
69
00:04:27,367 --> 00:04:30,003
{\an7}\hTHE TOUGHEST ONE OF ALL
IS A 300-FOOT-HIGH PILLAR
70
00:04:30,036 --> 00:04:32,539
{\an7}THAT LOOMS ABOVE THE VALLEY.
71
00:04:32,572 --> 00:04:36,242
{\an7}IT’S CALLED MONKEY FACE.
72
00:04:36,276 --> 00:04:38,779
{\an7}FOR THESE HARD CORE
\h\hSPORT CLIMBERS,
73
00:04:38,812 --> 00:04:41,915
{\an7}IT ISN’T JUST ABOUT REACHING
\hTHE TOP, IT’S ABOUT FINDING
74
00:04:42,015 --> 00:04:46,453
{\an7}THE TOUGHEST POSSIBLE ROUTE
\h\hUP AND DOWN THE PEAK--
75
00:04:46,486 --> 00:04:50,323
{\an7}SCALING NEAR-VERTICAL WALLS,
76
00:04:50,357 --> 00:04:53,093
{\an7}SUSPENDING FROM A SINGLE ROPE,
77
00:04:53,126 --> 00:04:56,730
{\an7}AND RAPPELLING INTO THE ABYSS.
78
00:04:56,863 --> 00:04:59,666
{\an7}THE ULTIMATE ACHIEVEMENT--
TO BE THE FIRST TO TAKE ON
79
00:04:59,699 --> 00:05:01,634
{\an7}A NEWER, HARDER ROUTE
80
00:05:01,668 --> 00:05:05,672
{\an7}AND EARN THE PRIVILEGE
\h\h\h\h\hOF NAMING IT.
81
00:05:05,705 --> 00:05:10,243
{\an7}IN 1992, MONKEY FACE BECAME
\h\h\hAN INTERNATIONAL ICON
82
00:05:10,343 --> 00:05:12,779
{\an7}\hWHEN FRENCH CLIMBER
JEAN BAPTISTE TRIBOUT
83
00:05:12,813 --> 00:05:16,383
{\an7}\hMADE THE FIRST ASCENT UP
THE OVERHANGING EAST WALL.
84
00:05:16,416 --> 00:05:18,718
{\an7}\h\hIT INSTANTLY ECLIPSED
EVEN THE TOUGHEST CLIMBS
85
00:05:18,752 --> 00:05:20,721
{\an7}IN NORTH AMERICA.
86
00:05:20,754 --> 00:05:23,690
{\an7}HE NAMED THE ROUTE "JUST DO IT."
87
00:05:25,826 --> 00:05:28,729
{\an7}\h\hONCE CLIMBERS REACH
THE TOP OF SMITH ROCK,
88
00:05:28,762 --> 00:05:31,198
{\an7}MANY TAKE A MOMENT
\hTO SAVOR THE VIEW
89
00:05:31,298 --> 00:05:34,902
{\an7}\h\h\h\hOF ONE OF AMERICA’S
MOST REMARKABLE LANDSCAPES.
90
00:05:40,006 --> 00:05:43,276
{\an7}MORE THAN TWO CENTURIES AGO,
\h\h\hA COUPLE OF ADVENTURERS
91
00:05:43,376 --> 00:05:47,146
{\an7}WERE TAKING IN THEIR FIRST
\hVIEWS OF THIS TERRITORY.
92
00:05:47,180 --> 00:05:51,951
{\an7}\h\h\h\hIN 1805, LEWIS AND CLARK
TRAVELED DOWN THE COLUMBIA RIVER
93
00:05:51,985 --> 00:05:56,823
{\an7}AND FINALLY LAID EYES
ON THE PACIFIC OCEAN.
94
00:05:56,857 --> 00:05:59,693
{\an7}\h\h\h\h\hIT WAS NOVEMBER,
AND WITH WINTER COMING ON,
95
00:05:59,726 --> 00:06:03,129
{\an7}\hTHEY STARTED BUILDING A CAMP
HERE IN A STAND OF EVERGREENS,
96
00:06:03,163 --> 00:06:05,232
{\an7}NAMING IT FORT CLATSOP,
97
00:06:05,265 --> 00:06:07,868
{\an7}AFTER ONE OF THE LOCAL
NATIVE AMERICAN TRIBES.
98
00:06:09,369 --> 00:06:10,971
{\an7}\h\h\h\hWILLIAM CLARK
SET OFF WITH A PARTY
99
00:06:11,071 --> 00:06:13,740
{\an7}DOWN THE COAST TO SEARCH
\h\h\h\h\hFOR PROVISIONS.
100
00:06:15,408 --> 00:06:18,378
{\an7}IN THE FALL, THIS COAST
IS NOW A POPULAR PLACE
101
00:06:18,411 --> 00:06:20,980
{\an7}\h\h\hTO SPOT GRAY WHALES
ON THEIR ANNUAL MIGRATION
102
00:06:21,147 --> 00:06:24,550
{\an7}BETWEEN THE BERING SEA
\h\h\h\h\h\hAND MEXICO.
103
00:06:24,584 --> 00:06:27,454
{\an7}\hA LITTLE FURTHER ON, CLARK
CLAMBERED UP THE STEEP BLUFFS
104
00:06:27,621 --> 00:06:31,058
{\an7}\hOF TILLAMOOK HEAD, WHICH
HE DESCRIBED IN HIS JOURNAL
105
00:06:31,091 --> 00:06:33,927
{\an7}AS "THE STEEPEST, WORST,
\h\hAND HIGHEST MOUNTAIN
106
00:06:33,960 --> 00:06:36,763
{\an7}I EVER ASCENDED."
107
00:06:36,796 --> 00:06:39,732
{\an7}\h\h\h\h\h\hHE ALSO CAME UPON
THE SKELETON OF A BLUE WHALE
108
00:06:39,766 --> 00:06:44,170
{\an7}THAT HE AND HIS PARTY MEASURED
TO BE OVER 100 FEET LONG.
109
00:06:44,204 --> 00:06:46,039
{\an7}\h\hAND THE EXPLORERS
WERE ABLE TO PROCURE
110
00:06:46,072 --> 00:06:47,941
{\an7}300 POUNDS OF WHALE BLUBBER
111
00:06:47,974 --> 00:06:50,877
{\an7}\h\h\h\h\hFROM MEMBERS
OF THE TILLAMOOK TRIBE.
112
00:06:50,977 --> 00:06:54,347
{\an7}THEY’D BEEN EATING DRIED ELK
\hFOR WEEKS, AND CLARK WROTE,
113
00:06:54,381 --> 00:06:58,385
{\an7}"THANK PROVIDENCE FOR DIRECTING
THE WHALE TO US."
114
00:07:00,520 --> 00:07:04,924
{\an7}TODAY, THE BONES OF ANOTHER
SKELETON LIE ON THIS SHORE,
115
00:07:04,958 --> 00:07:08,762
{\an7}A VICTIM OF THE PERILOUS
SEAS OFF OREGON’S COAST.
116
00:07:08,929 --> 00:07:11,965
{\an7}THIS IS THE STEEL HULL
\h\h\h\h\h\h\h\hPETER IREDALE,
117
00:07:11,998 --> 00:07:14,701
{\an7}\hA FOUR-MASTED VESSEL FROM
ENGLAND THAT REMAINS WEDGED
118
00:07:14,734 --> 00:07:21,507
{\an7}IN THE BREAKERS JUST AS IT FIRST
DID THAT WINDY DAY IN 1906.
119
00:07:21,541 --> 00:07:24,778
{\an7}WRENCHED BY WIND AND CURRENT,
\h\h\h\h\h\hSHE RAN AGROUND,
120
00:07:24,811 --> 00:07:30,216
{\an7}\h\h\hHITTING SO HARD, THREE OF
HER MASTS SNAPPED UPON IMPACT.
121
00:07:30,383 --> 00:07:31,918
{\an7}ALL ABOARD WERE RESCUED,
122
00:07:31,952 --> 00:07:36,557
{\an7}\h\hAND IN THANKS, THE CAPTAIN
BID HIS SHIP FAREWELL, SAYING,
123
00:07:36,589 --> 00:07:43,062
{\an7}"MAY GOD BLESS YOU AND MAY YOUR
BONES BLEACH IN THESE SANDS."
124
00:07:43,229 --> 00:07:44,630
{\an7}WHICH THEY HAVE,
125
00:07:44,664 --> 00:07:47,901
{\an7}\h\h\h\h\hAND STILL ATTRACT
CURIOUS BEACHCOMBERS TODAY.
126
00:07:49,769 --> 00:07:52,805
{\an7}BEFORE THE ERA OF GPS AND RADAR,
127
00:07:52,839 --> 00:07:55,508
{\an7}FISHERMEN SAILING ALONG
\hTHIS STRETCH OF COAST
128
00:07:55,542 --> 00:07:57,010
{\an7}COULD FIND THEIR WAY
\h\h\hTHROUGH THE FOG
129
00:07:57,043 --> 00:08:00,813
{\an7}BY LISTENING FOR THE BIRDS
\h\h\h\h\hON HAYSTACK ROCK.
130
00:08:00,847 --> 00:08:03,616
{\an7}THIS 235-FOOT PLUG OF LAVA
131
00:08:03,650 --> 00:08:07,754
{\an7}IS THE THIRD TALLEST INTERTIDAL
ROCK FORMATION IN THE WORLD,
132
00:08:07,921 --> 00:08:10,791
{\an7}AND A YEAR-ROUND NESTING SPOT
\h\h\h\h\h\h\h\hFOR SEABIRDS.
133
00:08:12,459 --> 00:08:14,728
{\an7}\hIT’S HARD TO IMAGINE
THAT THE CRIES OF BIRDS
134
00:08:14,861 --> 00:08:17,364
{\an7}COULD SAVE SHIPS FROM CALAMITY,
135
00:08:17,397 --> 00:08:20,467
{\an7}\h\hBUT EVIDENCE OF JUST HOW
DANGEROUS THESE WATERS CAN BE
136
00:08:20,500 --> 00:08:23,703
{\an7}LIES FURTHER NORTH.
137
00:08:23,737 --> 00:08:26,840
{\an7}THE 17-MILE-WIDE ENTRANCE
\h\hTO THE COLUMBIA RIVER
138
00:08:27,007 --> 00:08:31,178
{\an7}\h\h\h\h\hIS AN AREA KNOWN AS
THE GRAVEYARD OF THE PACIFIC.
139
00:08:31,311 --> 00:08:34,648
{\an7}\h\h\hITS WATERS LOOK CALM,
BUT BENEATH THEIR SURFACE,
140
00:08:34,681 --> 00:08:36,383
{\an7}POWERFUL RIVER CURRENTS CLASH
141
00:08:36,416 --> 00:08:38,785
{\an7}WITH FIERCE INCOMING
\h\h\h\hOCEAN SWELLS,
142
00:08:38,818 --> 00:08:42,922
{\an7}CAUSING UNDERWATER SANDBARS
\h\hTO SHIFT UNPREDICTABLY
143
00:08:42,956 --> 00:08:45,592
{\an7}AND TREACHEROUS CONDITIONS
\h\h\h\h\hTHAT CAN DECEIVE
144
00:08:45,625 --> 00:08:49,129
{\an7}\h\h\h\hEVEN THE MOST
EXPERIENCED CAPTAINS.
145
00:08:49,162 --> 00:08:52,666
{\an7}OVER THE YEARS, 2,000 SHIPS
\h\h\hHAVE GONE DOWN HERE,
146
00:08:52,699 --> 00:08:55,969
{\an7}BRINGING WITH THEM 700 LIVES.
147
00:08:56,002 --> 00:08:57,837
{\an7}IT’S WHY THIS AREA IS HOME
148
00:08:57,871 --> 00:09:03,009
{\an7}TO THE LARGEST U.S. COAST GUARD
FLEET ON THE NORTHWEST COAST.
149
00:09:03,043 --> 00:09:05,679
{\an7}BUT SURGING CURRENTS HAVEN’T
\h\h\h\hBEEN THE ONLY THREAT
150
00:09:05,712 --> 00:09:08,415
{\an7}LURKING BENEATH THESE WATERS.
151
00:09:08,448 --> 00:09:12,585
{\an7}JUST BEFORE MIDNIGHT
\h\hON JUNE 21, 1942,
152
00:09:12,619 --> 00:09:16,156
{\an7}A JAPANESE SUBMARINE
JUST 8 MILES OFFSHORE
153
00:09:16,189 --> 00:09:19,225
{\an7}FIRED 17 SHELLS AT AMERICAN SOIL
154
00:09:19,259 --> 00:09:22,896
{\an7}BEFORE QUICKLY DISAPPEARING
\h\h\h\hBACK INTO THE SEA.
155
00:09:22,929 --> 00:09:27,333
{\an7}\hTHOSE SHELLS LANDED
HERE AT FORT STEVENS.
156
00:09:27,500 --> 00:09:30,036
{\an7}IT WAS THE ONLY ATTACK AGAINST
A MILITARY INSTALLATION
157
00:09:30,070 --> 00:09:34,341
{\an7}ON THE U.S. MAINLAND
DURING WORLD WAR II.
158
00:09:34,374 --> 00:09:37,043
{\an7}\h\hTODAY’S VISITORS
EXPLORE THE BATTERIES
159
00:09:37,210 --> 00:09:39,713
{\an7}WHERE FORT STEVENS’ SOLDIERS
\h\h\h\hSCRAMBLED IN THE DARK
160
00:09:39,746 --> 00:09:43,883
{\an7}TO THEIR POSTS, READY TO REPULSE
THE JAPANESE ATTACK.
161
00:09:43,917 --> 00:09:45,252
{\an7}BUT BEFORE THEY COULD,
162
00:09:45,285 --> 00:09:49,222
{\an7}OFFICERS DEEMED THE SUB
\hTOO FAR OUT OF RANGE.
163
00:09:49,255 --> 00:09:52,458
{\an7}\h\h\hFORT STEVENS WAS
DECOMMISSIONED IN 1947,
164
00:09:52,492 --> 00:09:56,730
{\an7}\hBUT STILL STANDS GUARD AT
THE MOUTH OF THE COLUMBIA--
165
00:09:56,763 --> 00:09:59,499
{\an7}THE GATEWAY FOR SHIPS
\hHEADED TO PORTLAND.
166
00:10:01,935 --> 00:10:07,474
{\an7}\h\h\h10 MILES UPRIVER, THEY PASS
UNDER THE ASTORIA-MEGLER BRIDGE.
167
00:10:07,507 --> 00:10:09,709
{\an7}STRETCHING MORE THAN FOUR MILES,
168
00:10:09,742 --> 00:10:13,312
{\an7}IT’S THE LARGEST CONTINUOUS
\hTRUSS BRIDGE IN AMERICA.
169
00:10:13,346 --> 00:10:15,215
{\an7}\h\h\hDESIGNED TO EXPLOIT
THE REMARKABLE STABILITY
170
00:10:15,315 --> 00:10:19,586
{\an7}OF TRIANGLES OF BOLTED STEEL,
IT WAS AN ENGINEERING MARVEL
171
00:10:19,619 --> 00:10:24,057
{\an7}WHEN IT FINALLY OPENED
\hFOR TRAFFIC IN 1966.
172
00:10:24,090 --> 00:10:27,627
{\an7}THIS IS THE VERY NORTHWEST
\h\h\h\h\hCORNER OF OREGON.
173
00:10:27,660 --> 00:10:31,497
{\an7}THE TOWN OF ASTORIA IS
\hPERCHED ON ITS EDGE.
174
00:10:31,531 --> 00:10:33,833
{\an7}IT’S NOW HOME TO 10,000,
175
00:10:33,867 --> 00:10:37,170
{\an7}\h\hBUT ASTORIA BEGAN AS
A SMALL FUR-TRADING POST,
176
00:10:37,203 --> 00:10:39,472
{\an7}\h\h\hAND NOT LONG AFTER
LEWIS AND CLARK’S ARRIVAL
177
00:10:39,506 --> 00:10:44,311
{\an7}\h\hBECAME THE FIRST EUROPEAN
SETTLEMENT IN THE NORTHWEST.
178
00:10:44,544 --> 00:10:47,247
{\an7}WHEN THEY FIRST ARRIVED
AT THE PACIFIC IN 1805,
179
00:10:47,280 --> 00:10:50,817
{\an7}\hLEWIS AND CLARK CARVED
THEIR INITIALS IN A TREE.
180
00:10:50,984 --> 00:10:54,287
{\an7}\h\h\h\hTHAT TREE IS GONE,
BUT ASTORIA IS KNOWN TODAY
181
00:10:54,320 --> 00:10:57,123
{\an7}FOR ANOTHER SET OF CARVINGS.
182
00:10:57,290 --> 00:11:00,860
{\an7}THE ASTORIA COLUMN,
\hERECTED IN 1926,
183
00:11:00,894 --> 00:11:02,596
{\an7}\h\h\h\h\h\hCELEBRATES
THE WESTWARD EXPANSION
184
00:11:02,762 --> 00:11:04,797
{\an7}OF OREGON’S EARLY SETTLERS,
185
00:11:04,898 --> 00:11:07,501
{\an7}\h\hTHEIR FIRST CONTACT
WITH NATIVE AMERICANS,
186
00:11:07,534 --> 00:11:11,371
{\an7}AND KEY EVENTS IN THE JOURNEY
\h\h\h\h\hOF LEWIS AND CLARK.
187
00:11:11,404 --> 00:11:13,273
{\an7}AS THESE CARVINGS ILLUSTRATE,
188
00:11:13,306 --> 00:11:15,475
{\an7}MANY MORE FOLLOWED
IN THEIR FOOTSTEPS,
189
00:11:15,508 --> 00:11:19,412
{\an7}\h\h\h\h\h\h\h\h\hINCLUDING
THE OREGON TRAIL PIONEERS.
190
00:11:19,445 --> 00:11:21,480
{\an7}\hIN THE EARLY TO
MID 19th CENTURY,
191
00:11:21,514 --> 00:11:24,584
{\an7}\h\hMORE THAN 10,000 PEOPLE
ARRIVED INTO THE TERRITORY
192
00:11:24,617 --> 00:11:26,719
{\an7}VIA THE OREGON TRAIL.
193
00:11:28,555 --> 00:11:30,690
{\an7}THIS OVERLAND ROUTE
\hBROUGHT PIONEERS
194
00:11:30,723 --> 00:11:34,427
{\an7}\h\hINTO EASTERN OREGON
AT TODAY’S IDAHO BORDER
195
00:11:34,460 --> 00:11:38,531
{\an7}AND THROUGH THE STATE’S EASTERN
DESERT ON THEIR JOURNEY WEST.
196
00:11:40,166 --> 00:11:42,769
{\an7}\h\hONE OF THE PIONEERS
WHO MADE THE HARD SLOG
197
00:11:42,802 --> 00:11:48,107
{\an7}\hTHROUGH OREGON’S DRY SCRUBLAND
WAS A WOMAN NAMED AMELIA KNIGHT.
198
00:11:48,341 --> 00:11:50,977
{\an7}AMELIA, HER HUSBAND,
\hAND SEVEN CHILDREN
199
00:11:51,144 --> 00:11:55,949
{\an7}\hHAD ALREADY TRAVELED
1,250 MILES FROM IOWA.
200
00:11:55,982 --> 00:12:02,222
{\an7}ON AUGUST 12, 1853, SHE MADE
\h\hAN ENTRY INTO HER DIARY:
201
00:12:02,255 --> 00:12:03,923
{\an7}"WE WERE TRAVELING SLOWLY
202
00:12:03,957 --> 00:12:06,593
{\an7}WHEN OUR OXEN DROPPED DEAD
\h\h\h\h\h\h\hIN THE YOKE.
203
00:12:06,626 --> 00:12:09,062
{\an7}I COULD HARDLY HELP
\h\hSHEDDING TEARS.
204
00:12:09,162 --> 00:12:12,866
{\an7}\h\h\h\hTHIS POOR OX WHO HAD
HELPED US ALL ALONG THUS FAR,
205
00:12:12,899 --> 00:12:16,636
{\an7}\h\hAND HAD GIVEN US
HIS VERY LAST STEP."
206
00:12:18,304 --> 00:12:21,941
{\an7}\h\h\h\h\hBUT THE KNIGHT FAMILY
PRESSED ON, DRIVEN BY A BELIEF
207
00:12:21,975 --> 00:12:24,978
{\an7}THAT A BETTER LIFE
\h\hWAS JUST AHEAD.
208
00:12:26,746 --> 00:12:29,349
{\an7}SOON AFTER CROSSING
INTO THE TERRITORY,
209
00:12:29,382 --> 00:12:34,020
{\an7}THE OREGON TRAIL SWUNG NORTH
\h\hTHROUGH SCRUB, WOODLAND,
210
00:12:34,053 --> 00:12:38,190
{\an7}\h\h\h\hAND THEN FOLLOWED
THE COLUMBIA RIVER WEST.
211
00:12:38,224 --> 00:12:42,295
{\an7}THIS DETOUR NORTH WAS CRITICAL.
212
00:12:42,462 --> 00:12:45,231
{\an7}\h\h\h\h\hGOING STRAIGHT, THROUGH
CENTRAL OREGON, WOULD HAVE MEANT
213
00:12:45,331 --> 00:12:48,968
{\an7}\h\hCONFRONTING SOME OF THE MOST
UNUSUAL AND INHOSPITABLE TERRAIN
214
00:12:49,002 --> 00:12:51,872
{\an7}IN AMERICA.
215
00:12:51,904 --> 00:12:57,476
{\an7}\h\hIMAGINE TRYING TO DRIVE
A COVERED WAGON OVER THIS.
216
00:12:57,510 --> 00:13:00,813
{\an7}ENCOUNTERING THE PAINTED HILLS
IN NORTH-CENTRAL OREGON
217
00:13:00,847 --> 00:13:04,884
{\an7}CAN MAKE ONE FEEL LIKE THEY’VE
BEEN TRANSPORTED TO MARS.
218
00:13:06,719 --> 00:13:11,324
{\an7}IN FACT, THIS SCENIC MARVEL
IS AN EXTRAORDINARY RECORD
219
00:13:11,491 --> 00:13:14,728
{\an7}OF THE PAST 40 MILLION YEARS--
220
00:13:14,761 --> 00:13:20,267
{\an7}A LOGBOOK OF CHANGES IN CLIMATE,
PLANT AND ANIMAL LIFE.
221
00:13:20,300 --> 00:13:23,537
{\an7}\h\hIT’S THE STORY OF
OREGON’S ANCIENT PAST
222
00:13:23,569 --> 00:13:27,073
{\an7}TOLD IN COLORED SOILS...
223
00:13:27,106 --> 00:13:30,443
{\an7}\hRED FROM THE RESIDUE
OF WET PRIMEVAL FORESTS
224
00:13:30,476 --> 00:13:33,245
{\an7}OF SEQUOIA AND OAK,
225
00:13:33,279 --> 00:13:37,817
{\an7}YELLOW FROM A TIME WHEN
THE CLIMATE TURNED DRY.
226
00:13:37,850 --> 00:13:41,387
{\an7}AND EVERYTHING PRESERVED IN
A DUSTING OF VOLCANIC ASH,
227
00:13:41,421 --> 00:13:43,690
{\an7}TENS OF MILLIONS OF YEARS OLD,
228
00:13:43,723 --> 00:13:48,261
{\an7}THAT’S KEPT THESE HILLS FREE
OF VEGETATION FOR ALL TO SEE.
229
00:13:50,263 --> 00:13:53,333
{\an7}\h\hPREHISTORIC BEASTS
ONCE WALKED HERE, TOO--
230
00:13:53,366 --> 00:13:57,103
{\an7}\h\hTHREE-TOED HORSES,
PIGS THE SIZE OF BISON,
231
00:13:57,136 --> 00:13:59,705
{\an7}AND RHINOS.
232
00:13:59,806 --> 00:14:03,410
{\an7}MANY THOUSANDS OF THEIR FOSSILS
HAVE BEEN RECOVERED.
233
00:14:05,378 --> 00:14:08,114
{\an7}VOLCANIC ACTIVITY HAS
DRAMATICALLY CHANGED
234
00:14:08,147 --> 00:14:10,383
{\an7}THE FACE OF OREGON.
235
00:14:10,416 --> 00:14:13,552
{\an7}MOLTEN MAGMA HAS BUILT
MANY OF ITS MOUNTAINS,
236
00:14:13,720 --> 00:14:18,592
{\an7}AND FRESH LAVA FLOWS BLANKET
\h\hHUNDREDS OF SQUARE MILES.
237
00:14:18,624 --> 00:14:21,827
{\an7}THESE ARE OREGON’S
\hHIGH LAVA PLAINS,
238
00:14:21,861 --> 00:14:25,431
{\an7}\h\hHOME TO SOME OF THE YOUNGEST
AND MOST DRAMATIC VOLCANIC SITES
239
00:14:25,465 --> 00:14:26,666
{\an7}IN THE STATE.
240
00:14:26,833 --> 00:14:29,469
{\an7}RISING 500 FEET FROM
A TREE-COVERED PLAIN
241
00:14:29,502 --> 00:14:34,007
{\an7}STANDS LAVA BUTTE, A TYPE OF
VOLCANO CALLED A CINDER CONE
242
00:14:34,173 --> 00:14:36,942
{\an7}THAT FORMED 7,000 YEARS AGO.
243
00:14:37,110 --> 00:14:39,346
{\an7}\hA FIRE STATION STANDS
ON ITS RIM, LOOKING OUT
244
00:14:39,512 --> 00:14:43,449
{\an7}\h\h\hOVER THE FIELD OF LAVA
THAT’S SEEPED FROM THE BUTTE.
245
00:14:43,616 --> 00:14:46,752
{\an7}GIANT LAVA FLOWS ARE
EVERYWHERE IN OREGON.
246
00:14:46,786 --> 00:14:50,256
{\an7}BUT THERE’S NOTHING
\h\hLIKE THIS ONE--
247
00:14:50,289 --> 00:14:54,894
{\an7}\h\h\h\h\hIT’S KNOWN AS
THE BIG OBSIDIAN FLOW.
248
00:14:54,927 --> 00:14:58,230
{\an7}\h\h\h\h1,300 YEARS AGO,
A NEARBY VOLCANO BELCHED
249
00:14:58,264 --> 00:15:03,436
{\an7}\h\h170 MILLION CUBIC YARDS
OF LIQUID VOLCANIC GLASS--
250
00:15:03,536 --> 00:15:07,273
{\an7}ENOUGH TO PAVE A ROAD CIRCLING
THE EARTH THREE TIMES.
251
00:15:09,075 --> 00:15:14,380
{\an7}IN ITS HARDENED STATE, OBSIDIAN
IS PERFECT FOR MAKING TOOLS.
252
00:15:14,414 --> 00:15:18,418
{\an7}THE CUTTING EDGE OF AN OBSIDIAN
KNIFE IS SHARPER THAN STEEL.
253
00:15:20,286 --> 00:15:23,523
{\an7}IT’S NOT EXACTLY EASY TERRAIN.
254
00:15:23,556 --> 00:15:27,126
{\an7}IN THE 1960s, NASA DISCOVERED
\h\h\hTHAT THE MOON’S SURFACE
255
00:15:27,160 --> 00:15:29,562
{\an7}LOOKED A LOT LIKE
\hTHIS LAVA FLOW.
256
00:15:31,397 --> 00:15:34,467
{\an7}\h\h\h\hAPOLLO 11 ASTRONAUTS
NEIL ARMSTRONG, BUZZ ALDRIN,
257
00:15:34,500 --> 00:15:36,335
{\an7}AND MICHAEL COLLINS CAME HERE
258
00:15:36,502 --> 00:15:39,772
{\an7}\h\hTO PRACTICE WALKING ACROSS
JAGGED, UNPREDICTABLE TERRAIN,
259
00:15:39,806 --> 00:15:43,243
{\an7}\h\h\h\hSO THEY WOULDN’T TEAR
THEIR SPACESUITS ON THE MOON.
260
00:15:48,648 --> 00:15:51,084
{\an7}\h\hOREGONIANS HAVE MADE
THEMSELVES QUITE AT HOME
261
00:15:51,117 --> 00:15:53,219
{\an7}ON THESE LAVA LANDS.
262
00:15:53,252 --> 00:15:56,822
{\an7}\hTHE CITY OF BEND IS ONE
OF ONLY A FEW IN THE U.S.
263
00:15:56,856 --> 00:16:01,094
{\an7}THAT ACTUALLY HAS A VOLCANO
\h\hWITHIN THE CITY LIMITS.
264
00:16:01,127 --> 00:16:04,497
{\an7}\h\hPILOT BUTTE WAS A GUIDING
LANDMARK TO NATIVE AMERICANS
265
00:16:04,530 --> 00:16:06,098
{\an7}AND EARLY WHITE EXPLORERS
266
00:16:06,132 --> 00:16:10,036
{\an7}\h\h\h\h\hTRAVELING ACROSS
THE CENTRAL OREGON PLATEAU.
267
00:16:10,069 --> 00:16:14,040
{\an7}\h\hTODAY, THE BUTTE IS
A POPULAR LOOKOUT SPOT.
268
00:16:14,073 --> 00:16:16,642
{\an7}WITH 300 DAYS A YEAR
\h\h\h\hOF SUNSHINE,
269
00:16:16,676 --> 00:16:19,846
{\an7}\hBEND IS A CENTER OF OUTDOOR
ACTIVITY AND A STAGING PLACE
270
00:16:19,879 --> 00:16:22,882
{\an7}FOR SKIERS HEADING
\hTO NEARBY PEAKS.
271
00:16:24,851 --> 00:16:28,455
{\an7}PADDLE-BOARDING IS THE LATEST
\h\h\hSPORT TO CATCH ON HERE,
272
00:16:28,488 --> 00:16:30,123
{\an7}IMPORTED TO OREGON FROM HAWAII
273
00:16:30,156 --> 00:16:33,259
{\an7}BY A COUPLE OF NORTH SHORE
\h\h\h\h\hSURFERS IN 2001.
274
00:16:35,094 --> 00:16:37,930
{\an7}\h\h\h\h\h\hBEND MAY BE
A RECREATION HUB TODAY,
275
00:16:37,964 --> 00:16:40,333
{\an7}\hBUT THESE RISING
SILVER SMOKESTACKS
276
00:16:40,366 --> 00:16:45,338
{\an7}\hBROADCAST THE CITY’S ROOTS
AS A HARDWORKING LUMBER TOWN.
277
00:16:45,371 --> 00:16:48,641
{\an7}BEGINNING IN THE LATE 1910s,
\h\h\hTHIS OLD MILL DISTRICT
278
00:16:48,674 --> 00:16:52,478
{\an7}WAS HOME TO SOME OF THE LARGEST
PINE SAWMILLS IN THE WORLD,
279
00:16:52,512 --> 00:16:55,815
{\an7}\h\hAT THEIR PEAK PRODUCING
SOME 500 MILLION BOARD FEET
280
00:16:55,982 --> 00:16:57,584
{\an7}OF LUMBER A YEAR.
281
00:16:59,185 --> 00:17:02,088
{\an7}\h\h\h\h\hTHE FUEL FOR
THIS INDUSTRIAL ENGINE?
282
00:17:02,121 --> 00:17:03,923
{\an7}PONDEROSA PINE.
283
00:17:05,491 --> 00:17:09,895
{\an7}\hTHESE GIANTS THRIVE IN THE DRY,
VOLCANIC SOIL OF CENTRAL OREGON.
284
00:17:09,929 --> 00:17:14,000
{\an7}THEIR LONG ROOTS CAN REACH
\hDEEP TO MOIST SOIL BELOW.
285
00:17:14,033 --> 00:17:17,103
{\an7}AND THEIR STRAIGHT, LIGHTWEIGHT
HARDWOOD WAS IN HEAVY DEMAND
286
00:17:17,136 --> 00:17:20,172
{\an7}\hFOR SHIP BUILDING
DURING WORLD WAR I.
287
00:17:22,708 --> 00:17:25,444
{\an7}OREGON’S EARLIEST PIONEERS
\h\h\h\h\h\h\hSTEERED CLEAR
288
00:17:25,478 --> 00:17:28,681
{\an7}OF THIS PART OF THE STATE.
289
00:17:28,781 --> 00:17:32,084
{\an7}BUT IN THE EARLY 20th CENTURY,
DEVELOPERS TRIED TO SETTLE
290
00:17:32,118 --> 00:17:35,254
{\an7}AN AREA CALLED FORT ROCK.
291
00:17:35,288 --> 00:17:38,658
{\an7}THIS GIANT RING FORMED ABOUT
\hA HALF A MILLION YEARS AGO,
292
00:17:38,691 --> 00:17:41,494
{\an7}\h\h\hWHEN LAVA BUBBLED UP IN
THE MIDDLE OF AN ANCIENT LAKE
293
00:17:41,527 --> 00:17:44,797
{\an7}THAT ONCE COVERED THESE DESERTS.
294
00:17:44,830 --> 00:17:48,801
{\an7}\h\hEXPLOSIVE ASH MAY HAVE
BUILT THESE WALLS OF ROCK,
295
00:17:48,834 --> 00:17:52,271
{\an7}BUT IT WAS WIND-DRIVEN WAVES
\h\h\hTHAT SCOURED THEM DOWN,
296
00:17:52,305 --> 00:17:54,274
{\an7}DAY AFTER DAY.
297
00:17:54,440 --> 00:17:58,477
{\an7}NEARBY, A SERIES OF RAMSHACKLE
BUILDINGS ARE ALL THAT REMAIN
298
00:17:58,511 --> 00:18:02,281
{\an7}OF A TURN OF THE CENTURY SCAM.
299
00:18:02,315 --> 00:18:05,518
{\an7}DEVELOPERS SOLD A PROMISE
\h\hOF UNDERGROUND WATER,
300
00:18:05,551 --> 00:18:09,388
{\an7}AND A POTENTIAL BRANCH SPUR
\h\h\hTO THE RAILROAD LINE.
301
00:18:09,422 --> 00:18:16,062
{\an7}\h\h\hNEITHER HAPPENED, LEAVING
A GHOST TOWN OF BROKEN DREAMS.
302
00:18:16,095 --> 00:18:19,031
{\an7}VAST STRETCHES OF THIS STATE
\h\h\h\h\h\h\h\hREMAIN REMOTE
303
00:18:19,065 --> 00:18:21,301
{\an7}AND PRACTICALLY UNINHABITABLE.
304
00:18:21,334 --> 00:18:25,138
{\an7}BUT TO SOME, THAT’S ALSO
\h\hBEEN OREGON’S APPEAL.
305
00:18:26,772 --> 00:18:31,243
{\an7}TODAY, THE TOWN OF ANTELOPE IS
HOME TO A CHRISTIAN YOUTH CAMP.
306
00:18:31,277 --> 00:18:34,647
{\an7}BUT IN THE EARLY 1980s,
\h\h\hA GURU FROM INDIA
307
00:18:34,814 --> 00:18:37,383
{\an7}NAMED BHAGWAN SHREE RAJNEESH
308
00:18:37,416 --> 00:18:39,418
{\an7}TRIED TO TAKE OVER THE TOWN.
309
00:18:39,552 --> 00:18:43,322
{\an7}HIS 64,000-ACRE RANCH,
\hCALLED RAJNEESHPURAM,
310
00:18:43,489 --> 00:18:46,726
{\an7}\hWAS THE CENTER OF OPERATIONS
FOR HIS THOUSANDS OF FOLLOWERS,
311
00:18:46,759 --> 00:18:49,862
{\an7}KNOWN AS RAJNEESHEES.
312
00:18:49,895 --> 00:18:52,197
{\an7}THEY CLEARED 3,000 ACRES
\h\hOF LAND ON THE RANCH
313
00:18:52,298 --> 00:18:53,666
{\an7}TO GROW THEIR OWN FOOD
314
00:18:53,699 --> 00:18:57,002
{\an7}AND BUILT A 10-MEGAWATT
\h\h\h\hPOWER STATION.
315
00:18:57,036 --> 00:19:00,306
{\an7}\h\h\hJOINING THE COMMUNE MEANT
DONATING EVERYTHING YOU OWNED,
316
00:19:00,339 --> 00:19:03,108
{\an7}INCLUDING YOUR BANK ACCOUNT.
317
00:19:03,142 --> 00:19:05,378
{\an7}PERHAPS THAT IS WHAT
\h\hALLOWED RAJNEESH
318
00:19:05,411 --> 00:19:08,614
{\an7}TO HAVE HIS OWN FLEET
\h\hOF ROLLS-ROYCES.
319
00:19:08,781 --> 00:19:12,885
{\an7}IT’S ALSO BEEN REPORTED THAT THE
GROUP AMASSED SO MANY WEAPONS,
320
00:19:12,918 --> 00:19:16,221
{\an7}THEY HAD MORE FIREPOWER THAN
\hALL THE OREGON STATE POLICE
321
00:19:16,389 --> 00:19:18,791
{\an7}EAST OF THE CASCADES.
322
00:19:18,824 --> 00:19:21,827
{\an7}\h\hBUT IN 1985, ONE OF
THE COMMUNITY’S LEADERS
323
00:19:21,861 --> 00:19:26,099
{\an7}TRIED TO RIG THE COUNTY ELECTION
WITH AN OUTRAGEOUS ATTACK--
324
00:19:26,132 --> 00:19:28,701
{\an7}PLANTING SALMONELLA
\h\h\hIN SALAD BARS
325
00:19:28,868 --> 00:19:31,437
{\an7}AT TEN LOCAL RESTAURANTS.
326
00:19:31,470 --> 00:19:35,708
{\an7}\hIT WAS THE FIRST ACT OF
BIOTERRORISM IN THE U.S.
327
00:19:35,741 --> 00:19:39,545
{\an7}\h\hONE YEAR LATER,
THE DREAM WAS OVER,
328
00:19:39,578 --> 00:19:42,581
{\an7}AND RAJNEESHPURUM LAY ABANDONED.
329
00:19:44,250 --> 00:19:47,053
{\an7}THROUGHOUT ITS HISTORY,
\hOREGON HAS LURED MANY
330
00:19:47,186 --> 00:19:50,222
{\an7}SEEKING ALTERNATIVE
\h\hWAYS OF LIFE--
331
00:19:50,256 --> 00:19:53,593
{\an7}FROM HARDSCRABBLE PIONEERS
\h\h\h\hTO SPORT CLIMBERS,
332
00:19:53,626 --> 00:19:56,229
{\an7}SCALING ITS VOLCANIC PEAKS.
333
00:19:56,262 --> 00:20:00,666
{\an7}\hBUT THESE DAYS, IT’S ALSO
HOME TO ALTERNATIVE ENERGY
334
00:20:00,700 --> 00:20:03,937
{\an7}AND A FAST-GROWING FOREST
\h\h\h\hOF GIANT MACHINES
335
00:20:03,969 --> 00:20:06,238
{\an7}THAT RUN ON THE WIND.
336
00:20:13,479 --> 00:20:15,948
{\an7}IT LOOKS LIKE A GARDEN
\h\hOF GIANT PINWHEELS
337
00:20:15,981 --> 00:20:18,283
{\an7}SPROUTING ACROSS THE LANDSCAPE,
338
00:20:18,317 --> 00:20:20,719
{\an7}DOMINATING THE HORIZON
\hABOVE THE WHEAT FARMS
339
00:20:20,753 --> 00:20:24,223
{\an7}OF OREGON’S WASCO COUNTY.
340
00:20:24,256 --> 00:20:27,960
{\an7}THIS IS THE HEART OF OREGON’S
\h\h\h\hWIND ENERGY INDUSTRY.
341
00:20:27,993 --> 00:20:31,263
{\an7}\hTHE PYLONS TOWER
65 FEET IN THE AIR.
342
00:20:31,297 --> 00:20:36,102
{\an7}\hTHE ARC OF THEIR BLADES
SPANS MORE THAN 200 FEET.
343
00:20:36,135 --> 00:20:39,972
{\an7}\h\h\h\hEACH OF THESE TURBINES
GENERATES UP TO 2.4 MEGAWATTS,
344
00:20:40,005 --> 00:20:42,908
{\an7}ENOUGH TO POWER 420 HOMES.
345
00:20:44,677 --> 00:20:47,380
{\an7}WIND POWER CURRENTLY
PROVIDES MORE THAN 6%
346
00:20:47,546 --> 00:20:51,283
{\an7}\hOF OREGON’S TOTAL
ELECTRICITY SUPPLY.
347
00:20:51,317 --> 00:20:57,356
{\an7}\h\h\h\hTHE WIND IS FREE, BUT
THE TURBINE TECHNOLOGY ISN’T.
348
00:20:57,556 --> 00:21:01,160
{\an7}TOWERS, ROTORS AND BLADES
ARE BUILT INTERNATIONALLY
349
00:21:01,260 --> 00:21:03,329
{\an7}AND THEN SHIPPED TO OREGON.
350
00:21:03,496 --> 00:21:06,733
{\an7}THE STATE NOW HAS NEARLY
\h\h\h1,200 WIND TURBINES
351
00:21:06,766 --> 00:21:09,068
{\an7}ON MORE THAN A DOZEN WIND FARMS.
352
00:21:10,803 --> 00:21:14,373
{\an7}AS THESE TOWERS MULTIPLY,
\h\hSO DO THEIR CRITICS--
353
00:21:14,406 --> 00:21:19,578
{\an7}INCESSANT NOISE, RUINED VISTAS,
THREATS TO BIRDS.
354
00:21:19,612 --> 00:21:21,881
{\an7}THE COMPLAINTS ARE MOUNTING,
\h\h\hBUT THERE’S NO QUESTION
355
00:21:21,914 --> 00:21:25,017
{\an7}\hTHAT WIND IS PROVIDING
AN IMPORTANT ALTERNATIVE
356
00:21:25,050 --> 00:21:28,320
{\an7}TO OREGON’S TRADITIONAL
SOURCES OF ELECTRICITY.
357
00:21:28,521 --> 00:21:31,424
{\an7}\hAND THE DEMAND FOR POWER
IS INCREASING IN THE STATE,
358
00:21:31,457 --> 00:21:34,360
{\an7}ESPECIALLY FROM OREGON’S
\h\h\hRECENTLY DEVELOPING
359
00:21:34,393 --> 00:21:36,061
{\an7}DIGITAL ECONOMY.
360
00:21:39,298 --> 00:21:41,033
{\an7}\hYOU’D NEVER KNOW
BY LOOKING AT THEM,
361
00:21:41,200 --> 00:21:45,971
{\an7}BUT THESE UNMARKED BUILDINGS ARE
THE TRUE HEART OF THE INTERNET.
362
00:21:46,005 --> 00:21:50,543
{\an7}WHEN YOU GOOGLE JUSTIN BEIBER,
LADY GAGA, OR TSUNAMI JAPAN,
363
00:21:50,576 --> 00:21:54,980
{\an7}\hCHANCES ARE YOUR SEARCH IS
ROUTED THROUGH THIS FACILITY,
364
00:21:55,014 --> 00:21:58,618
{\an7}ALONG WITH MILLIONS OF OTHER
\hSEARCH REQUESTS AND EMAILS.
365
00:21:58,651 --> 00:22:01,988
{\an7}\h\h\h\h\hIT’S KNOWN AS
THE GOOGLE SERVER FARM,
366
00:22:02,021 --> 00:22:07,226
{\an7}AND ITS LOCATION HERE NEAR THE
COLUMBIA RIVER IS NO ACCIDENT.
367
00:22:07,259 --> 00:22:09,194
{\an7}THE SERVER FARM’S COOLING TOWERS
368
00:22:09,228 --> 00:22:12,798
{\an7}REQUIRE AS MUCH AS
\h\h100 MEGAWATTS,
369
00:22:12,832 --> 00:22:16,836
{\an7}\hENOUGH TO POWER MORE
THAN 40 MILLION IPADS.
370
00:22:18,704 --> 00:22:21,674
{\an7}\h\h\h\h\hAND IT’S THE NEARBY
DALLES HYDROELECTRIC STATION,
371
00:22:21,707 --> 00:22:25,077
{\an7}\h\h\h\h\hWITH ITS HALF-MILE-LONG
POWERHOUSE, THAT SUPPLIES GOOGLE
372
00:22:25,244 --> 00:22:29,048
{\an7}WITH A STEADY SOURCE OF
CHEAP, RENEWABLE POWER.
373
00:22:29,081 --> 00:22:31,951
{\an7}\h\hTHE BASIC TECHNOLOGY OF
HYDROPOWER HAS BEEN AROUND
374
00:22:31,984 --> 00:22:33,819
{\an7}SINCE ANCIENT TIMES--
375
00:22:33,853 --> 00:22:36,155
{\an7}BACK UP WATER BEHIND A DAM,
376
00:22:36,322 --> 00:22:41,027
{\an7}\h\hTHEN FUNNEL THE PRESSURIZED
STREAM PAST A SPINNING TURBINE.
377
00:22:41,060 --> 00:22:44,463
{\an7}\h\hTHE PROMISE OF THE COLUMBIA
AS A SOURCE OF RENEWABLE POWER
378
00:22:44,496 --> 00:22:47,265
{\an7}\h\hHAS TRANSFORMED
THIS MIGHTY RIVER.
379
00:22:47,299 --> 00:22:52,671
{\an7}THE DALLES DAM IS ONE OF MANY
HYDROELECTRIC PROJECTS HERE.
380
00:22:52,705 --> 00:22:57,176
{\an7}\h\h\hCOMPLETED IN 1938, THE
BONNEVILLE DAM WAS THE FIRST.
381
00:22:57,209 --> 00:23:00,245
{\an7}\h\hSINCE THEN, 14 MORE
HYDROELECTRIC PROJECTS
382
00:23:00,279 --> 00:23:02,815
{\an7}HAVE BEEN BUILT ON THE COLUMBIA.
383
00:23:02,848 --> 00:23:05,617
{\an7}BUT THEIR POWER HAS
COME WITH A PRICE.
384
00:23:06,952 --> 00:23:11,990
{\an7}THE DAMS MADE LIFE FOR OREGON’S
SALMON NEXT TO IMPOSSIBLE.
385
00:23:12,157 --> 00:23:13,392
{\an7}THEY’VE ALSO FLOODED
\h\h\h\hAND DESTROYED
386
00:23:13,626 --> 00:23:16,729
{\an7}TRADITIONAL NATIVE AMERICAN
\h\h\h\h\hFISHING GROUNDS.
387
00:23:16,896 --> 00:23:20,266
{\an7}ONE OF THESE WAS A LEGENDARY
\h\h\h\hSERIES OF WATERFALLS
388
00:23:20,299 --> 00:23:24,403
{\an7}NATIVE AMERICANS
CALLED "CELILO."
389
00:23:24,436 --> 00:23:27,606
{\an7}\h\h\h\h\h\hTHE FALLS ARE GONE,
AND SO ARE THE FISH DRYING HUTS
390
00:23:27,640 --> 00:23:29,976
{\an7}THAT ONCE LINED THE RIVER.
391
00:23:30,009 --> 00:23:31,811
{\an7}\h\h\h\hBUT THE RISE OF
A NEW TRIBAL LONGHOUSE
392
00:23:31,844 --> 00:23:35,681
{\an7}MARKS A REVIVAL OF
ONE CELILO VILLAGE.
393
00:23:35,714 --> 00:23:38,150
{\an7}\h\h\h\hBUILT WITH HELP FROM
THE ARMY CORPS OF ENGINEERS,
394
00:23:38,183 --> 00:23:40,352
{\an7}IT’S A PLACE WHERE MEMBERS
\h\h\h\h\hOF COLUMBIA BASIN
395
00:23:40,386 --> 00:23:42,655
{\an7}NATIVE AMERICAN TRIBES GATHER.
396
00:23:44,223 --> 00:23:48,027
{\an7}WHEN LEWIS AND CLARK JOURNEYED
DOWN THE RIVER IN 1805,
397
00:23:48,060 --> 00:23:49,662
{\an7}THEY ESTIMATED THERE COULD BE
398
00:23:49,695 --> 00:23:52,865
{\an7}\h\h\hAS MANY AS 10,000
NATIVE AMERICANS HERE,
399
00:23:52,898 --> 00:23:56,935
{\an7}\h\h\h\hTWICE THE POPULATION OF
WASHINGTON, D.C., AT THE TIME.
400
00:23:56,969 --> 00:23:58,971
{\an7}\h\hHISTORIANS THINK
THIS REGION HELD SOME
401
00:23:59,004 --> 00:24:01,840
{\an7}OF THE HIGHEST CONCENTRATIONS
\h\h\h\h\hOF NATIVE AMERICANS
402
00:24:01,874 --> 00:24:03,442
{\an7}ON THE CONTINENT,
403
00:24:03,542 --> 00:24:05,711
{\an7}AND MUCH OF THEIR ECONOMIC
\h\h\h\h\h\hAND SOCIAL LIFE
404
00:24:05,878 --> 00:24:09,348
{\an7}\h\h\h\h\h\hCENTERED ON
COLUMBIA RIVER SALMON.
405
00:24:09,381 --> 00:24:11,550
{\an7}JUST LIKE THE STATE’S
\h\h\hEARLY PIONEERS,
406
00:24:11,583 --> 00:24:15,787
{\an7}\h\h\h\hSALMON ARE ANOTHER OF
OREGON’S TENACIOUS TRAVELERS.
407
00:24:15,888 --> 00:24:18,791
{\an7}\h\h\h\hFROM THEIR BIRTH ON THE
COLUMBIA, THEY HEAD DOWNSTREAM
408
00:24:18,824 --> 00:24:22,661
{\an7}TO THE PACIFIC, WHERE THEY
\hSPEND FOUR TO FIVE YEARS.
409
00:24:22,695 --> 00:24:26,132
{\an7}THEN, THEIR NATURAL INSTINCT
\h\h\h\hIS TO RETURN UPSTREAM
410
00:24:26,165 --> 00:24:29,402
{\an7}TO LAY EGGS IN THE PLACE
\h\h\h\h\hTHEY WERE BORN.
411
00:24:29,435 --> 00:24:32,338
{\an7}\h\hBUT THESE DAMS MAKE
THAT JOURNEY DIFFICULT.
412
00:24:32,504 --> 00:24:34,673
{\an7}TO TRY AND MITIGATE
\hTHE DAM’S EFFECT,
413
00:24:34,840 --> 00:24:36,342
{\an7}FISH LADDERS WERE BUILT
414
00:24:36,375 --> 00:24:38,978
{\an7}SO THAT SALMON COULD LEAP
\h\h\hFROM POOL TO POOL,
415
00:24:39,011 --> 00:24:41,480
{\an7}AND FIND THEIR WAY UP
\h\h\hAND OVER A DAM
416
00:24:41,513 --> 00:24:43,949
{\an7}\hTO REACH THEIR
SPAWNING GROUNDS.
417
00:24:43,983 --> 00:24:47,286
{\an7}\h\h\hSOME OF THE LADDERS HAVE
EXHAUSTED AND KILLED MORE FISH
418
00:24:47,319 --> 00:24:49,188
{\an7}THAN THEY’VE CONVEYED.
419
00:24:49,221 --> 00:24:51,290
{\an7}BUT A MILLION SALMON
\h\h\h\hSTILL MANAGE
420
00:24:51,323 --> 00:24:54,793
{\an7}TO MAKE IT UPSTREAM EACH YEAR.
421
00:24:54,893 --> 00:24:57,763
{\an7}\h\hONCE, HYDROPOWER ON
THE COLUMBIA WAS HAILED
422
00:24:57,796 --> 00:25:00,866
{\an7}\h\hAS A GREAT SOURCE
OF RENEWABLE ENERGY.
423
00:25:00,899 --> 00:25:02,901
{\an7}\h\h\h\hBUT RECENTLY,
CRITICS HAVE CHARGED
424
00:25:02,935 --> 00:25:06,005
{\an7}THAT THIS ONCE MIGHTY
\h\hRIVER HAS BECOME
425
00:25:06,038 --> 00:25:09,808
{\an7}\h\h\hMERELY A SERIES OF
RESERVOIRS BETWEEN DAMS.
426
00:25:11,944 --> 00:25:15,314
{\an7}DESPITE THE DAMS AND LOSS OF
\hTRADITIONAL FISHING SPOTS,
427
00:25:15,414 --> 00:25:19,118
{\an7}\hSALMON CONTINUE TO BE OF GREAT
ECONOMIC AND CULTURAL IMPORTANCE
428
00:25:19,151 --> 00:25:22,388
{\an7}TO THE COLUMBIA BASIN TRIBES.
429
00:25:22,488 --> 00:25:26,025
{\an7}\h\h\hTHIS MORNING, FISHERS ARE
PULLING UP THEIR LONG GILLNETS,
430
00:25:26,058 --> 00:25:30,262
{\an7}WHICH HAVE FILLED WITH HUNDREDS
OF CHINOOK SALMON OVERNIGHT.
431
00:25:30,295 --> 00:25:32,898
{\an7}THE ROOTS OF THEIR EXPERTISE
ARE IN THE FISHING PRACTICES
432
00:25:32,965 --> 00:25:36,602
{\an7}\h\h\h\h\hTHAT WERE ESTABLISHED
LONG BEFORE EUROPEANS ARRIVED.
433
00:25:36,635 --> 00:25:40,539
{\an7}\hTRADITIONALLY, MEN HAVE
WORKED THE GILLNET LINES.
434
00:25:40,572 --> 00:25:42,574
{\an7}BUT THESE DAYS, MEN WITH NO SONS
435
00:25:42,608 --> 00:25:45,044
{\an7}\h\h\h\h\h\h\hOFTEN TEACH
THEIR DAUGHTERS TO FISH.
436
00:25:46,979 --> 00:25:48,848
{\an7}\hNATIVE AMERICANS
HAVE THE EXCLUSIVE
437
00:25:48,881 --> 00:25:52,651
{\an7}COMMERCIAL FISHING RIGHTS
ON THIS STRETCH OF RIVER.
438
00:25:52,684 --> 00:25:56,388
{\an7}AND NOT ALL THE SALMON
\hTHEY CATCH ARE EQUAL.
439
00:25:56,422 --> 00:25:59,926
{\an7}COHO, SOCKEYE, CHUM
\h\hARE ALL SALMON,
440
00:25:59,958 --> 00:26:03,462
{\an7}BUT THE BEST IS CHINOOK,
\h\h\h\h\hOR KING SALMON.
441
00:26:04,797 --> 00:26:07,800
{\an7}IT’S PRIZED FOR ITS SIZE
\h\hAND FIRM, RED FLESH,
442
00:26:07,833 --> 00:26:10,736
{\an7}\h\h\h\h\hAND IT’S ALSO
THE OREGON STATE FISH.
443
00:26:13,272 --> 00:26:16,142
{\an7}\h\hTHERE’S NO BETTER PLACE
TO VIEW THIS MAJESTIC RIVER
444
00:26:16,175 --> 00:26:17,910
{\an7}THAN FROM HERE...
445
00:26:19,745 --> 00:26:21,480
{\an7}VISTA POINT.
446
00:26:25,050 --> 00:26:26,718
{\an7}ONE ENGINEER CALLED IT
447
00:26:26,752 --> 00:26:29,388
{\an7}\h"AN OBSERVATORY FROM WHICH
THE COLUMBIA COULD BE VIEWED
448
00:26:29,421 --> 00:26:32,357
{\an7}IN SILENT COMMUNION
WITH THE INFINITE."
449
00:26:33,725 --> 00:26:36,595
{\an7}VISTA POINT WAS BUILT IN 1916,
450
00:26:36,628 --> 00:26:39,364
{\an7}AS PART OF THE COLUMBIA RIVER
\h\h\h\h\h\hHIGHWAY PROJECT--
451
00:26:39,398 --> 00:26:42,835
{\an7}THE FIRST PLANNED SCENIC HIGHWAY
IN THE UNITED STATES.
452
00:26:44,870 --> 00:26:47,539
{\an7}IT TRAVELS FOR 40 MILES
\h\h\hALONG THE RIVER,
453
00:26:47,573 --> 00:26:51,143
{\an7}HUGGING EVERY TWIST AND TURN.
454
00:26:51,176 --> 00:26:53,445
{\an7}WHEN IT OPENED IN 1916,
455
00:26:53,479 --> 00:26:58,117
{\an7}\h\hTHE ILLUSTRATED LONDON NEWS
CALLED IT "THE KING OF ROADS."
456
00:27:00,953 --> 00:27:03,622
{\an7}THE HIGH WALLS THAT TOWER
\h\h\hABOVE THIS HIGHWAY
457
00:27:03,655 --> 00:27:07,092
{\an7}HELP FUNNEL POWERFUL WINDS
\h\h\h\hTHROUGH THE GORGE.
458
00:27:07,192 --> 00:27:09,961
{\an7}AND IT’S THESE WINDS THAT
\hARE LURING KITE SURFERS
459
00:27:09,995 --> 00:27:12,998
{\an7}TO THE COLUMBIA RIVER
FROM AROUND THE WORLD
460
00:27:13,031 --> 00:27:14,866
{\an7}TO CATCH ITS WAVES.
461
00:27:16,902 --> 00:27:19,772
{\an7}\hREGULAR SURFERS RELY
ON THE POWER OF WAVES.
462
00:27:19,805 --> 00:27:23,075
{\an7}BUT THESE ADRENALINE JUNKIES
\h\h\h\hARE TETHERED TO KITES
463
00:27:23,108 --> 00:27:26,478
{\an7}AND FLY WITH THE WIND.
464
00:27:26,512 --> 00:27:28,447
{\an7}\h\hA KITE SURFER’S
SPEED AND DIRECTION
465
00:27:28,480 --> 00:27:32,551
{\an7}\h\h\h\h\h\hALL DEPEND ON HOW
HE OR SHE CONTROLS THE KITE.
466
00:27:32,584 --> 00:27:38,390
{\an7}\hIN STRONG WINDS LIKE THESE, IT
CAN BE A DANGEROUSLY FAST SPORT,
467
00:27:38,423 --> 00:27:41,326
{\an7}ESPECIALLY IF THE SURFER DOESN’T
KNOW HOW TO TURN THE KITE
468
00:27:41,360 --> 00:27:43,929
{\an7}AGAINST THE WIND TO SLOW DOWN.
469
00:27:46,064 --> 00:27:49,935
{\an7}IT’S TAKEN MILLIONS OF YEARS
\hAND GIANT GEOLOGICAL EVENTS
470
00:27:49,968 --> 00:27:52,971
{\an7}\h\hTO CREATE THE CONDITIONS
THAT MAKE THE COLUMBIA RIVER
471
00:27:53,005 --> 00:27:54,907
{\an7}PERFECT FOR THIS SPORT.
472
00:27:59,144 --> 00:28:03,348
{\an7}STARTING 17 MILLION YEARS AGO,
A SERIES OF LAVA FLOWS
473
00:28:03,382 --> 00:28:07,887
{\an7}PUSHED THROUGH HERE, COOLING
\h\hTO FORM LAYERS OF BASALT.
474
00:28:07,920 --> 00:28:10,990
{\an7}MUCH LATER, THE COLUMBIA RIVER
STARTED TO CARVE ITS WAY
475
00:28:11,023 --> 00:28:15,828
{\an7}THROUGH THOSE LAYERS, CREATING
WALLS HUNDREDS OF FEET HIGH.
476
00:28:15,861 --> 00:28:19,865
{\an7}FROM THESE ROCK WALLS,
\h77 WATERFALLS CASCADE
477
00:28:19,898 --> 00:28:23,235
{\an7}\h\h\hINTO THE GORGE ON
THE OREGON SIDE ALONE.
478
00:28:23,268 --> 00:28:28,373
{\an7}BUT THE GRANDDADDY OF THEM ALL
IS MULTNOMAH FALLS.
479
00:28:28,407 --> 00:28:32,311
{\an7}IT DROPS A TOTAL OF 620 FEET.
480
00:28:32,411 --> 00:28:33,879
{\an7}IT’S THE PERFECT PLACE
\h\h\h\h\h\hTO WITNESS
481
00:28:33,912 --> 00:28:36,381
{\an7}OREGON’S GEOLOGICAL HISTORY.
482
00:28:36,415 --> 00:28:38,717
{\an7}FIVE DIFFERENT LAVA FLOWS
\h\h\h\h\h\h\hARE EXPOSED
483
00:28:38,750 --> 00:28:41,820
{\an7}IN THE FACE OF THE FALLS.
484
00:28:41,853 --> 00:28:44,189
{\an7}\h\h\hMANY VISITORS TRAVEL
THE COLUMBIA RIVER HIGHWAY
485
00:28:44,289 --> 00:28:47,559
{\an7}JUST TO CATCH A GLIMPSE
\hOF THIS AMAZING SITE.
486
00:28:50,028 --> 00:28:53,632
{\an7}VOLCANIC EVENTS MAY HAVE
HELPED CREATE THIS GORGE,
487
00:28:53,665 --> 00:28:55,534
{\an7}BUT DURING THE LAST ICE AGE,
488
00:28:55,701 --> 00:29:00,172
{\an7}IT WAS INUNDATED BY A SERIES
\hOF UNIMAGINABLE TORRENTS--
489
00:29:00,205 --> 00:29:04,776
{\an7}\hTHE MOTHER OF ALL GUSHERS,
KNOWN AS THE MISSOULA FLOODS.
490
00:29:06,178 --> 00:29:08,547
{\an7}A MASSIVE GLACIAL LAKE
\h\h\h\h\h\hIN MONTANA
491
00:29:08,580 --> 00:29:10,415
{\an7}BROKE THROUGH A DAM OF ICE,
492
00:29:10,582 --> 00:29:14,019
{\an7}AND SENT A WALL OF WATER
\hIN BIBLICAL PROPORTIONS
493
00:29:14,052 --> 00:29:16,488
{\an7}DOWN THE COLUMBIA RIVER.
494
00:29:16,588 --> 00:29:21,026
{\an7}\h\h\hGEOLOGISTS THINK IT FILLED
THE ENTIRE GORGE TO OVERFLOWING,
495
00:29:21,059 --> 00:29:23,628
{\an7}AND IT KEPT GOING.
496
00:29:23,729 --> 00:29:26,298
{\an7}\h\h\hTOWARD THE END OF
ITS 1,000-MILE JOURNEY,
497
00:29:26,331 --> 00:29:30,602
{\an7}THE WALL OF WATER SPREAD OUT
\hINTO THE WILLAMETTE VALLEY,
498
00:29:30,636 --> 00:29:32,304
{\an7}DUMPING NOT ONLY WATER,
499
00:29:32,337 --> 00:29:36,041
{\an7}BUT TENS OF MILLIONS OF TONS
\h\h\h\h\h\hOF RICH SEDIMENT.
500
00:29:37,609 --> 00:29:40,378
{\an7}FARMERS WORKING THESE
\hOREGON FIELDS TODAY
501
00:29:40,545 --> 00:29:44,983
{\an7}ARE ACTUALLY PLOWING
\h\h\h\hMONTANA SOIL.
502
00:29:45,017 --> 00:29:47,620
{\an7}REPORTS OF THIS FERTILE LAND
\h\h\h\h\h\h\hLURED SETTLERS
503
00:29:47,653 --> 00:29:50,689
{\an7}\h\h\h\hAS FAR BACK AS
THE EARLY 19th CENTURY.
504
00:29:50,722 --> 00:29:54,826
{\an7}\hBUT FOR MANY, GETTING HERE
MEANT HAVING TO CROSS ON FOOT
505
00:29:54,860 --> 00:29:58,864
{\an7}\h\h\h\hONE OF THE GREATEST
MOUNTAIN RANGES IN AMERICA.
506
00:30:02,100 --> 00:30:05,003
{\an7}\h\h\h\hRISING HIGH ABOVE
OREGON’S WESTERN VALLEYS
507
00:30:05,037 --> 00:30:07,206
{\an7}ARE THE CASCADE MOUNTAINS--
508
00:30:07,239 --> 00:30:11,076
{\an7}JAGGED MONUMENTS TO THE POWER
\h\h\h\h\h\h\hOF MOLTEN LAVA.
509
00:30:13,445 --> 00:30:15,681
{\an7}THEY’RE PART OF A STUNNING
\h\h\h\h\h\hRANGE OF PEAKS
510
00:30:15,714 --> 00:30:18,584
{\an7}\h\hTHAT EXTENDS FROM
CANADA TO CALIFORNIA.
511
00:30:20,185 --> 00:30:22,788
{\an7}\h\h\hMANY ARE EASILY
RECOGNIZED FROM AFAR.
512
00:30:22,821 --> 00:30:25,724
{\an7}AMONG THEM, THE THREE SISTERS.
513
00:30:25,757 --> 00:30:29,894
{\an7}\h\h\h\hAND THE SHARPEST PEAK
OF THEM ALL--MOUNT THIELSEN.
514
00:30:29,928 --> 00:30:32,531
{\an7}RISING MORE THAN 9,000 FEET,
515
00:30:32,564 --> 00:30:35,634
{\an7}\h\h\h\h\hIT’S BEEN CALLED THE
LIGHTNING ROD OF THE CASCADES.
516
00:30:37,369 --> 00:30:41,673
{\an7}150 YEARS AGO, THESE MOUNTAINS
WERE THE LAST GREAT HURDLE
517
00:30:41,707 --> 00:30:45,411
{\an7}FOR OREGON’S EARLY PIONEERS
\h\hON THEIR JOURNEY WEST.
518
00:30:45,444 --> 00:30:48,914
{\an7}\h\h\h\h\h\hONE, AMELIA KNIGHT,
DESCRIBED THIS LEG OF THE TRIP
519
00:30:48,947 --> 00:30:50,649
{\an7}IN HER DIARY:
520
00:30:50,682 --> 00:30:54,119
{\an7}"WE TRAVELED OVER THE WORST ROAD
THAT WAS EVER MADE,
521
00:30:54,152 --> 00:30:58,023
{\an7}\hWINDING ROUND STUMPS,
LOGS AND FALLEN TREES.
522
00:30:58,056 --> 00:31:00,158
{\an7}THE HANDSOMEST TIMBER
\h\h\h\hIN THE WORLD
523
00:31:00,192 --> 00:31:03,796
{\an7}MUST BE HERE IN THESE
\hCASCADE MOUNTAINS."
524
00:31:03,829 --> 00:31:06,031
{\an7}LOGGING PROSPECTORS AGREED.
525
00:31:06,064 --> 00:31:10,869
{\an7}THE MASSIVE CONIFERS WERE UNLIKE
ANYTHING THEY’D SEEN BACK EAST.
526
00:31:10,902 --> 00:31:13,138
{\an7}THE FIRST LOGGING OPERATIONS
\h\h\h\hIN OREGON WERE SET UP
527
00:31:13,171 --> 00:31:17,375
{\an7}IN THE MID 19th CENTURY,
BUT IT WASN’T UNTIL 1938
528
00:31:17,409 --> 00:31:20,078
{\an7}THAT THE STATE SURPASSED
\hITS NEIGHBOR WASHINGTON
529
00:31:20,112 --> 00:31:22,748
{\an7}\h\h\hAS THE NATION’S
TOP TIMBER PRODUCER,
530
00:31:22,781 --> 00:31:25,117
{\an7}A POSITION IT HOLDS TO THIS DAY.
531
00:31:26,551 --> 00:31:29,921
{\an7}ANCIENT FORESTS OF DOUGLAS FIR
AND SITKA SPRUCE
532
00:31:29,955 --> 00:31:34,092
{\an7}\h\h\hHAVE BEEN REPLACED BY
A PATCHWORK OF CLEAR-CUTS.
533
00:31:34,126 --> 00:31:39,098
{\an7}\hONCE HARVESTED, THE TIMBER IS
HAULED TO MILLS FOR PROCESSING.
534
00:31:39,131 --> 00:31:43,636
{\an7}IT WASN’T TIMBER THAT THE OREGON
TRAIL PIONEERS WERE AFTER.
535
00:31:43,668 --> 00:31:46,938
{\an7}THEIR PROMISED LAND WAS
A FERTILE RIVER VALLEY
536
00:31:46,972 --> 00:31:48,707
{\an7}CALLED THE WILLAMETTE.
537
00:31:48,740 --> 00:31:54,613
{\an7}IT STRETCHES FROM PORTLAND,
SOUTH TO EUGENE AND BEYOND.
538
00:31:54,646 --> 00:31:58,583
{\an7}\h\h\h\h\hIT LIES BETWEEN
THE CASCADES TO THE EAST,
539
00:31:58,617 --> 00:32:02,321
{\an7}AND THE PACIFIC OCEAN
\h\h\h\hTO THE WEST.
540
00:32:02,354 --> 00:32:05,991
{\an7}THE WILLAMETTE IS THE MOST
\hPOPULATED AREA OF OREGON.
541
00:32:06,024 --> 00:32:09,728
{\an7}FOR CENTURIES, ITS FERTILE LAND
HAS BEEN LURING THOUSANDS
542
00:32:09,761 --> 00:32:13,098
{\an7}WITH THE PROMISE OF PROSPERITY.
543
00:32:13,131 --> 00:32:17,836
{\an7}\h\h\h\hON SEPTEMBER 13, 1853,
AFTER TRAVELING FOR FIVE MONTHS
544
00:32:17,869 --> 00:32:21,439
{\an7}AND 2,000 MILES, THE KNIGHT
\h\h\hFAMILY FINALLY FOUND
545
00:32:21,473 --> 00:32:24,343
{\an7}A SUITABLE SPOT FOR A FARM.
546
00:32:24,376 --> 00:32:27,212
{\an7}\h\h\hFOUR DAYS LATER, AFTER
AMELIA KNIGHT HAD GIVEN BIRTH
547
00:32:27,245 --> 00:32:29,280
{\an7}TO HER EIGHTH CHILD,
548
00:32:29,314 --> 00:32:31,283
{\an7}HER HUSBAND TRADED
THEIR TEAM OF OXEN
549
00:32:31,316 --> 00:32:34,319
{\an7}\h\hFOR "A HALF-ACRE
PLANTED WITH POTATOES
550
00:32:34,352 --> 00:32:37,922
{\an7}AND A SMALL LOG CABIN
\h\hWITH NO WINDOWS."
551
00:32:39,991 --> 00:32:43,228
{\an7}FARMERS AND RANCHERS CONTINUE
\hTO TAP THIS FERTILE VALLEY
552
00:32:43,261 --> 00:32:47,132
{\an7}WITH ALL KINDS OF NEW CROPS
\h\h\h\h\h\hAND CREATURES.
553
00:32:48,800 --> 00:32:53,471
{\an7}IT SEEMED LIKE A LONG SHOT IN
1990 WHEN THE CAMPBELL FAMILY
554
00:32:53,505 --> 00:32:55,574
{\an7}DECIDED TO EXPERIMENT
\h\h\h\hWITH RAISING
555
00:32:55,607 --> 00:32:58,443
{\an7}SOUTH AMERICAN ALPACA HERE.
556
00:32:58,477 --> 00:33:02,047
{\an7}\h\hBUT TODAY, THEIR RANCH,
CALLED "ALPACAS OF OREGON,"
557
00:33:02,080 --> 00:33:04,983
{\an7}\h\h\h\h\h\hIS ONE OF TEN
OF ITS KIND IN THE AREA.
558
00:33:05,016 --> 00:33:08,786
{\an7}ONE REASON ALPACAS ARE PREFERRED
BY TODAY’S ECO-RANCHERS
559
00:33:08,820 --> 00:33:11,289
{\an7}\h\h\h\h\h\h\hIS THAT THEY’RE
HIGHLY RESISTANT TO DISEASE,
560
00:33:11,323 --> 00:33:14,393
{\an7}\h\h\h\h\hEAT A TENTH OF WHAT
A HORSE DOES, AND EACH YEAR,
561
00:33:14,426 --> 00:33:20,499
{\an7}A SINGLE ALPACA PRODUCES $400
WORTH OF HIGH-QUALITY FLEECE.
562
00:33:20,532 --> 00:33:23,435
{\an7}THEY’RE THE PERFECT
RENEWABLE RESOURCE.
563
00:33:26,037 --> 00:33:31,109
{\an7}NEARBY, ANOTHER IMPORTED
\h\hSPECIES IS THRIVING.
564
00:33:31,142 --> 00:33:35,546
{\an7}THESE ARE THE DUNDEE HILLS,
\h\hHOME TO RICH, RED SOILS
565
00:33:35,580 --> 00:33:40,118
{\an7}\hTHAT HAVE PROVED TO BE
INVALUABLE TO WINEMAKERS.
566
00:33:40,151 --> 00:33:43,321
{\an7}THE RICH FLAVOR AND COMPLEXITY
OF WILLAMETTE GRAPES
567
00:33:43,355 --> 00:33:47,326
{\an7}IS DUE TO A DISTINCTIVE MIX
OF SLOPE, SOIL AND CLIMATE
568
00:33:47,359 --> 00:33:52,397
{\an7}THAT IMPART A SENSE OF PLACE
\h\h\h\hDEEP WITHIN THE WINE.
569
00:33:52,430 --> 00:33:56,868
{\an7}\hIN 1965, WHEN PIONEERING
YOUNG WINEMAKER DAVID LETT
570
00:33:56,902 --> 00:33:59,238
{\an7}CAME TO THE DUNDEE HILLS
\h\h\h\h\hFROM CALIFORNIA
571
00:33:59,271 --> 00:34:01,573
{\an7}WITH 3,000 STARTER VINES,
572
00:34:01,606 --> 00:34:04,676
{\an7}MANY WERE CONVINCED
\h\h\hHE WAS CRAZY.
573
00:34:04,709 --> 00:34:06,978
{\an7}THEY THOUGHT OREGON’S
\h\hCOOL, WET WINTERS
574
00:34:07,012 --> 00:34:10,849
{\an7}\hAND WARM, DRY SUMMERS
WOULDN’T WORK FOR WINE.
575
00:34:10,882 --> 00:34:15,520
{\an7}BUT WHEN HIS PINOT WINES TOOK
TOP HONORS IN FRANCE IN 1979,
576
00:34:15,554 --> 00:34:17,556
{\an7}CONNOISSEURS WERE
\hFORCED TO ADMIT
577
00:34:17,589 --> 00:34:22,194
{\an7}THAT OREGON WAS A SUPERIOR
\hSETTING FOR GROWING WINE.
578
00:34:22,227 --> 00:34:25,130
{\an7}\h\hAND IT’S LED TO AN EXPLOSION
IN THE NUMBER OF VINEYARDS HERE,
579
00:34:25,163 --> 00:34:30,702
{\an7}FROM JUST FIVE IN THE 1960s
\h\hTO MORE THAN 300 TODAY.
580
00:34:30,735 --> 00:34:33,605
{\an7}\hTHIS VINEYARD COVERS
MORE THAN 1,000 ACRES,
581
00:34:33,638 --> 00:34:36,708
{\an7}GROWING CERTIFIED
\hORGANIC GRAPES.
582
00:34:36,741 --> 00:34:41,479
{\an7}\hCLEARLY, WINE DOES
JUST FINE IN OREGON.
583
00:34:41,513 --> 00:34:44,616
{\an7}BUT NOT ALL INDUSTRIES
\hHERE ARE SO POPULAR.
584
00:34:44,649 --> 00:34:46,618
{\an7}THIS GIANT PULP MILL
\hLIES NEAR THE BANKS
585
00:34:46,651 --> 00:34:48,720
{\an7}OF THE WILLAMETTE RIVER.
586
00:34:48,753 --> 00:34:51,623
{\an7}HUGE AMOUNTS OF FRESH WATER
\hAND CHEMICALS ARE NEEDED
587
00:34:51,656 --> 00:34:54,826
{\an7}TO TURN WOOD CHIPS INTO PAPER.
588
00:34:54,859 --> 00:34:57,195
{\an7}\h\h\h\h\hBUT TOXIC WASTE
FROM PLANTS LIKE THIS ONE
589
00:34:57,228 --> 00:34:59,464
{\an7}\hHAS BEEN SEEPING
BACK INTO THE RIVER
590
00:34:59,497 --> 00:35:03,101
{\an7}AND CAUSING GENETIC DEFECTS
\hIN SALMON AND OTHER FISH.
591
00:35:05,270 --> 00:35:06,905
{\an7}THE WILLAMETTE VALLEY HAS BEEN
592
00:35:06,938 --> 00:35:10,041
{\an7}OREGON’S INDUSTRIAL AND
AGRICULTURAL HEARTLAND
593
00:35:10,075 --> 00:35:11,810
{\an7}EVER SINCE IT WAS SETTLED.
594
00:35:13,511 --> 00:35:15,947
{\an7}\h\h\h\hIT’S ALSO HOME TO
THE UNIVERSITY OF OREGON,
595
00:35:15,981 --> 00:35:21,386
{\an7}\h\hWHICH BEGAN OFFERING CLASSES
NEAR THE CITY OF EUGENE IN 1872.
596
00:35:21,419 --> 00:35:23,788
{\an7}LOCALS CALL IT THE U OF O.
597
00:35:23,822 --> 00:35:28,627
{\an7}ITS CHEER IS "GO DUCKS," AFTER
ITS BELOVED WEB-FOOTED MASCOT.
598
00:35:30,128 --> 00:35:33,665
{\an7}\hONE OF THE U OF O’S CLAIMS TO
FAME CAN BE FOUND ACROSS CAMPUS
599
00:35:33,698 --> 00:35:36,000
{\an7}AT THE OMEGA FRATERNITY,
\h\h\hWHICH WAS FEATURED
600
00:35:36,034 --> 00:35:39,604
{\an7}IN THE NATIONAL LAMPOON MOVIE
\h\h\h\h\h\h\h\hANIMAL HOUSE.
601
00:35:39,638 --> 00:35:43,175
{\an7}\hSADLY, THERE ARE NO LONGER
TOGA PARTIES AT DELTA HOUSE--
602
00:35:43,208 --> 00:35:45,877
{\an7}IT WAS TORN DOWN IN 1986.
603
00:35:45,910 --> 00:35:48,813
{\an7}BUT THE CAMPUS STILL ENJOYS
A REPUTATION FOR A LIBERAL,
604
00:35:48,847 --> 00:35:52,818
{\an7}QUESTION-AUTHORITY APPROACH
\h\h\hTO HIGHER EDUCATION.
605
00:35:52,851 --> 00:35:55,721
{\an7}THE CAMPUS IS ALSO HOME
\h\h\hTO HAYWARD FIELD,
606
00:35:55,754 --> 00:35:58,857
{\an7}NICKNAMED "TRACK TOWN, USA."
607
00:35:58,890 --> 00:36:01,526
{\an7}IT’S PRODUCED MANY OLYMPIC
\h\hTRACK AND FIELD STARS,
608
00:36:01,559 --> 00:36:05,096
{\an7}\h\h\hINCLUDING OREGON’S OWN
REMARKABLE STEVE PREFONTAINE,
609
00:36:05,130 --> 00:36:08,233
{\an7}WHO SET 15 AMERICAN RECORDS.
610
00:36:08,266 --> 00:36:11,069
{\an7}AND IT WAS AT HAYWARD IN 1964
611
00:36:11,102 --> 00:36:13,771
{\an7}THAT A TALENTED COLLEGE RUNNER
AND HIS COACH
612
00:36:13,805 --> 00:36:15,140
{\an7}HAD THE IDEA THAT LAUNCHED
613
00:36:15,173 --> 00:36:18,943
{\an7}THE MOST SUCCESSFUL SPORTSWEAR
COMPANY OF ALL TIME.
614
00:36:18,977 --> 00:36:22,214
{\an7}\h\h\h\h\h\h\h\hNIKE FOUNDERS
BILL BOWERMAN AND PHIL KNIGHT
615
00:36:22,247 --> 00:36:25,083
{\an7}STARTED WITH AN ORDER
\h\h\h\hFOR 300 SHOES
616
00:36:25,116 --> 00:36:28,386
{\an7}THAT THEY SOLD FROM THE TRUNK
\h\h\hOF A PLYMOUTH VALIANT.
617
00:36:28,420 --> 00:36:32,891
{\an7}THE SWOOSH AND THE AIR JORDANS
CAME LATER.
618
00:36:32,924 --> 00:36:36,327
{\an7}\h\hNIKE SHOES ARE NOW
MANUFACTURED OVERSEAS,
619
00:36:36,361 --> 00:36:39,431
{\an7}\hBUT HERE AT THE COMPANY’S
HEADQUARTERS IN BEAVERTON,
620
00:36:39,464 --> 00:36:43,401
{\an7}THEY’VE BEEN TRYING TO
PRODUCE BETTER RUNNERS.
621
00:36:43,435 --> 00:36:45,804
{\an7}TOP ATHLETES HAVE BEEN
\hINVITED TO TRAIN HERE
622
00:36:45,837 --> 00:36:48,440
{\an7}AND IMPROVE THEIR SKILLS
\h\hIN CUTTING-EDGE LABS
623
00:36:48,473 --> 00:36:52,811
{\an7}\h\h\h\hTHAT CAN SIMULATE
HIGH-ALTITUDE CONDITIONS.
624
00:36:52,844 --> 00:36:55,146
{\an7}THE CAMPUS’ 17 BUILDINGS
625
00:36:55,180 --> 00:36:58,450
{\an7}ARE NAMED FOR SPORTS LEGENDS
\hTHE COMPANY HAS SPONSORED,
626
00:36:58,483 --> 00:37:00,151
{\an7}INCLUDING MICHAEL JORDAN,
627
00:37:00,185 --> 00:37:05,490
{\an7}LANCE ARMSTRONG, MIA HAMM,
\h\h\h\h\hAND JOHN McENROE.
628
00:37:05,523 --> 00:37:09,160
{\an7}THE SIX-ACRE LAKE IN THE MIDDLE
IS HOME TO MIGRATORY DUCKS,
629
00:37:09,194 --> 00:37:11,329
{\an7}AND THAT’S APPROPRIATE,
SINCE NIKE WAS STARTED
630
00:37:11,362 --> 00:37:14,732
{\an7}\h\h\h\h\hBY A COUPLE OF DUCKS
FROM THE UNIVERSITY OF OREGON.
631
00:37:20,171 --> 00:37:23,875
{\an7}\h\hWHEN OREGON FINALLY
BECAME A STATE IN 1859,
632
00:37:23,908 --> 00:37:27,311
{\an7}\hTHE TOWN OF SALEM, WHICH LIES
IN THE HEART OF THE WILLAMETTE,
633
00:37:27,345 --> 00:37:30,548
{\an7}WAS A LOGICAL CHOICE
\h\hFOR ITS CAPITAL.
634
00:37:30,582 --> 00:37:33,385
{\an7}\h\hITS STATE HOUSE
WAS BUILT IN 1938,
635
00:37:33,418 --> 00:37:35,253
{\an7}REFLECTING THE ART DECO STYLE
636
00:37:35,286 --> 00:37:39,323
{\an7}SIMILAR TO ROCKEFELLER CENTER
\h\h\h\h\h\hIN NEW YORK CITY.
637
00:37:39,357 --> 00:37:41,526
{\an7}RATHER THAN A TRADITIONAL DOME,
638
00:37:41,559 --> 00:37:43,995
{\an7}\h\h\h\h\h\hTHE ARCHITECTS,
TROWBRIDGE AND LIVINGSTON,
639
00:37:44,028 --> 00:37:47,231
{\an7}DESIGNED A ROTUNDA
\h\h160 FEET HIGH.
640
00:37:48,566 --> 00:37:51,335
{\an7}\h\hIT’S BEEN CRITICIZED AS
LOOKING LIKE A PAINT CAN--
641
00:37:51,369 --> 00:37:52,937
{\an7}WHEN IT’S NOTICED AT ALL--
642
00:37:52,971 --> 00:37:56,241
{\an7}UNDERNEATH THE CROWNING
\h22-FOOT GILDED STATUE
643
00:37:56,274 --> 00:38:00,245
{\an7}REPRESENTING THE STATE’S
\h\h\hEARLIEST SETTLERS.
644
00:38:00,278 --> 00:38:04,716
{\an7}THIS ANONYMOUS OREGON PIONEER
\h\hHOLDS AN AXE IN ONE HAND,
645
00:38:04,749 --> 00:38:08,553
{\an7}A TARP FOR SHELTER IN THE OTHER,
AND HE’S ALONE.
646
00:38:08,586 --> 00:38:13,357
{\an7}OF COURSE, MOST OF THE OREGON
\h\hTRAIL PIONEERS WERE NOT.
647
00:38:13,391 --> 00:38:16,194
{\an7}THEY INCLUDED FAMILIES LIKE
\h\hTHAT OF AMELIA KNIGHT,
648
00:38:16,227 --> 00:38:18,529
{\an7}\h\h\hAND NEIGHBORS
WHO BANDED TOGETHER
649
00:38:18,563 --> 00:38:22,534
{\an7}TO SURVIVE THEIR HARSH LIFE
\h\h\h\h\hIN THIS NEW LAND.
650
00:38:29,641 --> 00:38:34,513
{\an7}MANY TODAY ASSOCIATE THE PACIFIC
NORTHWEST WITH FOG AND RAIN.
651
00:38:34,546 --> 00:38:38,316
{\an7}BUT COMPARED TO OTHER STATES,
\hRAINFALL IN WESTERN OREGON
652
00:38:38,349 --> 00:38:41,185
{\an7}IS JUST ABOUT AVERAGE
\h\h\h\hFOR THE U.S.
653
00:38:41,219 --> 00:38:43,688
{\an7}HOWEVER, THE RAIN HERE
\h\h\h\h\h\hOFTEN FALLS
654
00:38:43,721 --> 00:38:47,992
{\an7}MORE GENTLY THAN ELSEWHERE,
\h\hAND FOR LONGER PERIODS,
655
00:38:48,026 --> 00:38:52,497
{\an7}\hWHICH MEANS THAT IT CAN FEEL
MORE RAINY THAN IT ACTUALLY IS.
656
00:38:52,530 --> 00:38:54,465
{\an7}\hTHE CASCADES HELP
HOLD THIS MOISTURE
657
00:38:54,499 --> 00:38:56,234
{\an7}IN THE WILLAMETTE VALLEY,
658
00:38:56,267 --> 00:38:58,736
{\an7}\hWHICH HAS BEEN GOOD
FOR OREGON’S FARMERS.
659
00:39:00,071 --> 00:39:02,206
{\an7}WHEN WHITE SETTLERS
\h\h\hARRIVED HERE,
660
00:39:02,240 --> 00:39:05,577
{\an7}NATIVE AMERICANS HAD ALREADY
STARTED CLEARING IT OF TREES
661
00:39:05,610 --> 00:39:08,446
{\an7}\hTO MAKE IT EASIER TO
HUNT ANIMALS FOR FOOD.
662
00:39:10,381 --> 00:39:13,784
{\an7}\h\hBUT THE SETTLERS USED THE
CLEARED LAND TO PLANT WHEAT,
663
00:39:13,818 --> 00:39:16,688
{\an7}\hWHICH IS STILL GROWN
IN GREAT VOLUME TODAY.
664
00:39:18,456 --> 00:39:21,492
{\an7}HEAVY TRACTORS HAVE LONG SINCE
REPLACED THE OXEN AND HORSES
665
00:39:21,526 --> 00:39:23,928
{\an7}USED BY 19th CENTURY FARMERS.
666
00:39:25,463 --> 00:39:28,166
{\an7}MOST OF THE BACKBREAKING JOBS
\h\h\h\h\h\hOF GROWING WHEAT
667
00:39:28,199 --> 00:39:33,237
{\an7}\h\h\h\hARE NOW MECHANIZED, AND
THE GAINS IN YIELD REMARKABLE.
668
00:39:33,271 --> 00:39:39,744
{\an7}IN 1850, OREGON FARMS PRODUCED
SOME 280,000 BUSHELS OF WHEAT.
669
00:39:39,777 --> 00:39:43,881
{\an7}150 YEARS LATER, WITH MACHINES
DOING THE PLOWING, PLANTING,
670
00:39:43,915 --> 00:39:45,550
{\an7}HARVESTING, AND THRESHING,
671
00:39:45,583 --> 00:39:49,854
{\an7}\h\h\h\h\h\hTHE ANNUAL YIELD
IS OVER 50 MILLION BUSHELS--
672
00:39:49,888 --> 00:39:53,925
{\an7}\h\hENOUGH TO MAKE MORE THAN
TWO BILLION LOAVES OF BREAD.
673
00:39:53,958 --> 00:39:55,993
{\an7}\hAND MOST OF IT IS
BOUND FOR PORTLAND
674
00:39:56,027 --> 00:39:58,897
{\an7}AND INTERNATIONAL
\hMARKETS BEYOND.
675
00:39:58,930 --> 00:40:03,802
{\an7}PORTLAND HARBOR IS THE LARGEST
WHEAT EXPORT HUB IN THE U.S.
676
00:40:03,835 --> 00:40:06,371
{\an7}\h\h\hTHE MASSIVE HOLDS OF
AN OCEAN-GOING BULK CARRIER
677
00:40:06,404 --> 00:40:10,408
{\an7}CAN ACCOMMODATE SOME 50,000 TONS
OF SOFT WHITE WHEAT,
678
00:40:10,441 --> 00:40:15,379
{\an7}\h\hJUST THE KIND JAPAN NEEDS
TO MAKE NOODLES AND CRACKERS.
679
00:40:15,413 --> 00:40:18,716
{\an7}\h\h\hTODAY, WHEAT PRODUCED
ALL ACROSS THE WESTERN U.S.
680
00:40:18,750 --> 00:40:20,785
{\an7}COMES HERE TO PORTLAND
\h\h\hTO BE SHIPPED OUT
681
00:40:20,818 --> 00:40:24,288
{\an7}\hTO THE COUNTRIES
OF THE PACIFIC RIM.
682
00:40:24,322 --> 00:40:27,826
{\an7}\hTO HANDLE THE ENORMOUS FLOW,
A RAPID-HANDLING GRAIN ELEVATOR
683
00:40:27,859 --> 00:40:32,263
{\an7}\hWAS BUILT ALONG 40 ACRES
OF THE PORT AT TERMINAL 5.
684
00:40:32,297 --> 00:40:34,966
{\an7}GRAIN IS BROUGHT HERE BY TRAINS,
685
00:40:34,999 --> 00:40:37,368
{\an7}CLEANED AND FUNNELED
INTO LOADING SPOUTS,
686
00:40:37,402 --> 00:40:42,440
{\an7}FILLING ANOTHER SHIP WITH NEARLY
TWO MILLION BUSHELS OF WHEAT.
687
00:40:42,473 --> 00:40:45,076
{\an7}WHILE WHEAT IS DEPARTING
\h\h\h\h\hFROM PORTLAND,
688
00:40:45,109 --> 00:40:48,980
{\an7}\h\hQUITE A DIFFERENT
PRODUCT IS ENTERING.
689
00:40:49,013 --> 00:40:51,048
{\an7}IF YOU DRIVE A JAPANESE CAR,
690
00:40:51,082 --> 00:40:54,686
{\an7}CHANCES ARE ITS ODOMETER
\h\hBEGAN SPINNING HERE.
691
00:40:54,719 --> 00:40:58,856
{\an7}\h\hPORTLAND’S TERMINAL 4 HANDLES
THE MOST AUTOMOBILES OF ANY PORT
692
00:40:58,890 --> 00:41:02,961
{\an7}ON NORTH AMERICA’S WEST COAST,
AND RANKS THIRD NATIONALLY,
693
00:41:02,994 --> 00:41:07,398
{\an7}\h\hCONVEYING MORE THAN
240,000 CARS IN A YEAR.
694
00:41:07,432 --> 00:41:10,635
{\an7}\hTHE FIRST LOAD OF CARS
TO PORTLAND WAS IN 1956--
695
00:41:10,668 --> 00:41:13,237
{\an7}\h\h\hA SHIPMENT OF
VOLKSWAGEN BEETLES.
696
00:41:13,271 --> 00:41:18,409
{\an7}TODAY, IT’S MORE LIKELY TO BE
\h\hA TOYOTA, SCION OR LEXUS.
697
00:41:18,443 --> 00:41:20,412
{\an7}\h\h\hTHREE QUARTERS OF
THE CARS ARRIVING HERE
698
00:41:20,445 --> 00:41:21,813
{\an7}ARE BOUND FOR DEALERSHIPS
699
00:41:21,846 --> 00:41:25,683
{\an7}\hIN STATES OUTSIDE OF
THE PACIFIC NORTHWEST.
700
00:41:25,717 --> 00:41:28,520
{\an7}BUT IT BEGS THE QUESTION,
\hWHY WOULD CAR COMPANIES
701
00:41:28,586 --> 00:41:31,522
{\an7}\hCHOOSE A PORT MORE THAN
100 MILES FROM THE OCEAN
702
00:41:31,556 --> 00:41:34,192
{\an7}TO OFF-LOAD THEIR VEHICLES?
703
00:41:34,225 --> 00:41:35,359
{\an7}THE ANSWER?
704
00:41:35,393 --> 00:41:37,362
{\an7}SALT.
705
00:41:37,395 --> 00:41:41,332
{\an7}THE PORT OF PORTLAND’S INLAND
LOCATION IS MUCH LESS EXPOSED
706
00:41:41,366 --> 00:41:43,869
{\an7}TO CORROSIVE, SALTY OCEAN AIR.
707
00:41:45,970 --> 00:41:49,006
{\an7}\h\h\hTHE PORT WAS FIRST
ESTABLISHED HERE IN 1850,
708
00:41:49,040 --> 00:41:51,976
{\an7}BECAUSE THIS WAS THE CLOSEST
THAT SAILING SHIPS COULD GET
709
00:41:52,010 --> 00:41:54,946
{\an7}\hTO THE FARMLANDS
OF THE WILLAMETTE.
710
00:41:54,979 --> 00:41:57,381
{\an7}IN THOSE DAYS, THIS AREA
\h\h\h\hWAS NOT MUCH MORE
711
00:41:57,415 --> 00:41:59,884
{\an7}THAN A CLUSTER OF CABINS.
712
00:41:59,917 --> 00:42:03,087
{\an7}NOW, IT’S PORTLAND,
\h\hA VIBRANT CITY
713
00:42:03,121 --> 00:42:07,726
{\an7}OF NEARLY 600,000 STRADDLING
\h\h\h\hTHE WILLAMETTE RIVER.
714
00:42:07,759 --> 00:42:09,361
{\an7}IT’S NICKNAME?
715
00:42:09,394 --> 00:42:11,029
{\an7}BRIDGETOWN.
716
00:42:11,062 --> 00:42:14,599
{\an7}11 BRIDGES SPAN THE RIVER,
\h\h\h\h\hAND WITHOUT THEM,
717
00:42:14,632 --> 00:42:18,336
{\an7}PORTLAND WOULD NOT BE
\h\hWHAT IT IS TODAY.
718
00:42:21,639 --> 00:42:26,544
{\an7}IN THE 1880s, PORTLAND, OREGON,
WAS A DIVIDED CITY.
719
00:42:26,577 --> 00:42:30,848
{\an7}ACTUALLY, IT WAS STILL
\hTHREE SEPARATE TOWNS.
720
00:42:30,882 --> 00:42:33,885
{\an7}ON ONE SIDE OF THE RIVER
\h\hWAS PORTLAND ITSELF,
721
00:42:33,918 --> 00:42:36,888
{\an7}\hAND ON THE OTHER SIDE,
THE COMMUNITIES OF ALBINA
722
00:42:36,921 --> 00:42:39,357
{\an7}AND EAST PORTLAND.
723
00:42:39,390 --> 00:42:41,492
{\an7}BEFORE PORTLAND COULD
COMPETE WITH SEATTLE
724
00:42:41,526 --> 00:42:46,464
{\an7}AS A REGIONAL POWER, IT HAD TO
FIND A WAY TO UNITE ITSELF.
725
00:42:46,497 --> 00:42:51,836
{\an7}\h\h\hIN 1887, A DRAWBRIDGE WAS
CONSTRUCTED AT MORRISON STREET,
726
00:42:51,869 --> 00:42:55,072
{\an7}THE FIRST OF PORTLAND’S BRIDGES.
727
00:42:55,106 --> 00:42:57,742
{\an7}\h\h\h\h\h\h\hA YEAR LATER,
THE UNION PACIFIC RAILROAD
728
00:42:57,775 --> 00:43:01,779
{\an7}BUILT THE FIRST STEEL BRIDGE
ON THE ENTIRE PACIFIC COAST.
729
00:43:03,748 --> 00:43:07,785
{\an7}THE ORIGINAL BRIDGE WAS REPLACED
WITH THIS ONE IN 1912.
730
00:43:07,819 --> 00:43:10,155
{\an7}IT’S A DOUBLE-DECKER,
\hDOUBLE-LIFT BRIDGE
731
00:43:10,188 --> 00:43:13,158
{\an7}\h\hTHAT CAN BE RAISED
TO A HEIGHT OF 163 FEET
732
00:43:13,191 --> 00:43:15,694
{\an7}\hFOR RIVER TRAFFIC
TO PASS UNDERNEATH,
733
00:43:15,726 --> 00:43:20,531
{\an7}\h\hREQUIRING COUNTERWEIGHTS
TOTALING NINE MILLION POUNDS.
734
00:43:20,565 --> 00:43:22,967
{\an7}\h\h\hIT CARRIES CARS
AND LIGHT RAIL ABOVE,
735
00:43:23,000 --> 00:43:25,870
{\an7}AND TRAINS, PEDESTRIANS
\h\h\hAND BIKES BELOW.
736
00:43:28,005 --> 00:43:31,609
{\an7}\h\h\h\h\h\hBY THE EARLY 1900s,
THE ADVENT OF STRUCTURAL STEEL
737
00:43:31,642 --> 00:43:34,445
{\an7}\h\h\h\hENABLED ENGINEERS
TO BUILD LONGER, HIGHER,
738
00:43:34,479 --> 00:43:37,649
{\an7}AND LIGHTER SPANS ACROSS RIVERS.
739
00:43:37,682 --> 00:43:39,050
{\an7}THANKS IN PART TO THAT,
740
00:43:39,083 --> 00:43:43,654
{\an7}PORTLAND BECAME A SINGLE CITY
\h\h\h\h\hUNITED BY BRIDGES.
741
00:43:47,525 --> 00:43:50,028
{\an7}TODAY, THESE BRIDGES ARE
POPULAR COMMUTING ROUTES
742
00:43:50,061 --> 00:43:54,799
{\an7}FOR MANY OF THE PORTLAND METRO
AREA’S TWO MILLION RESIDENTS.
743
00:43:54,832 --> 00:43:58,936
{\an7}THE CITY’S DOWNTOWN COMPETES
\hWITH ANY ON THE WEST COAST,
744
00:43:58,970 --> 00:44:02,907
{\an7}\h\h\hAND IT’S KNOWN AS ONE OF
THE GREENEST CITIES IN AMERICA.
745
00:44:04,442 --> 00:44:06,611
{\an7}THAT STARTED IN THE 1970s,
746
00:44:06,644 --> 00:44:09,080
{\an7}\h\h\hWHEN A COALITION
OF YOUNG URBAN PLANNERS
747
00:44:09,113 --> 00:44:11,716
{\an7}\hDIVERTED FEDERAL FUNDS
DESIGNATED FOR A FREEWAY
748
00:44:11,749 --> 00:44:14,518
{\an7}TO BUILD A LIGHT RAIL
\h\h\h\hCALLED MAX--
749
00:44:14,552 --> 00:44:17,388
{\an7}METROPOLITAN AREA EXPRESS.
750
00:44:17,421 --> 00:44:20,958
{\an7}\hTODAY, THE PORTLAND AREA’S
USE OF PUBLIC TRANSPORTATION
751
00:44:20,992 --> 00:44:24,262
{\an7}IS ONE OF THE HIGHEST
\h\h\hIN THE NATION.
752
00:44:24,295 --> 00:44:29,267
{\an7}AND HIGH ABOVE STREET LEVEL,
\h\h\hROOFTOP GARDENS ABOUND.
753
00:44:29,300 --> 00:44:33,671
{\an7}SOME BUILDINGS ARE EVEN POWERED
BY THEIR OWN WINDMILLS.
754
00:44:33,704 --> 00:44:37,675
{\an7}BUT THERE’S NO GREEN SPACE IN
PORTLAND QUITE LIKE THIS ONE.
755
00:44:39,343 --> 00:44:41,679
{\an7}THE INTERNATIONAL
ROSE TEST GARDEN
756
00:44:41,712 --> 00:44:43,914
{\an7}IN THE HILLS ABOVE DOWNTOWN
757
00:44:43,948 --> 00:44:48,319
{\an7}\h\hIS AN EXPERIMENTAL GARDEN
FOR GROWING HYBRID VARIETIES.
758
00:44:48,352 --> 00:44:51,889
{\an7}MORE THAN 400 TYPES OF
\hROSES ARE GROWN HERE.
759
00:44:51,923 --> 00:44:54,325
{\an7}\h\h\h\hIT’S THE SITE OF
THE ANNUAL ROSE FESTIVAL,
760
00:44:54,358 --> 00:44:57,027
{\an7}AN EVENT THAT’S EARNED
PORTLAND THE NICKNAME,
761
00:44:57,061 --> 00:44:58,996
{\an7}"THE CITY OF ROSES."
762
00:45:00,765 --> 00:45:04,068
{\an7}\h\h\hTHE GARDEN IS A LEGACY
OF GEORGIANA BURTON PITTOCK,
763
00:45:04,101 --> 00:45:07,438
{\an7}\h\hWHOSE LOVE OF ROSES LED HER
TO HOST AN ANNUAL GARDEN PARTY
764
00:45:07,538 --> 00:45:10,775
{\an7}\h\h\h\h\h\hFOR HER FRIENDS
TO SHOW OFF THEIR FLOWERS.
765
00:45:10,808 --> 00:45:14,111
{\an7}ONCE A YEAR, ROSE EXPERTS COME
HERE FROM AROUND THE WORLD
766
00:45:14,145 --> 00:45:19,317
{\an7}\h\hTO BESTOW THE CITY’S ANNUAL
AWARD FOR PORTLAND’S BEST ROSE.
767
00:45:20,851 --> 00:45:23,454
{\an7}GEORGIANA AND HER HUSBAND
\h\h\h\h\h\hHENRY PITTOCK
768
00:45:23,487 --> 00:45:26,957
{\an7}LIVED JUST UP THE HILL
\h\h\hIN THIS MANSION.
769
00:45:26,991 --> 00:45:31,696
{\an7}BOTH WERE PIONEERS WHO CAME HERE
VIA THE OREGON TRAIL.
770
00:45:31,729 --> 00:45:35,032
{\an7}WHEN HENRY PITTOCK LANDED
\h\hIN PORTLAND IN 1852,
771
00:45:35,066 --> 00:45:38,770
{\an7}HE WAS 17 YEARS OLD
\h\hAND PENNILESS.
772
00:45:38,803 --> 00:45:42,307
{\an7}50 YEARS LATER, HE WAS
A WEALTHY BUSINESSMAN,
773
00:45:42,340 --> 00:45:44,609
{\an7}\h\h\h\h\h\hPUBLISHER OF
THE OREGONIAN NEWSPAPER,
774
00:45:44,642 --> 00:45:48,246
{\an7}AND ONE OF THE CITY’S
\hGREATEST PROMOTERS.
775
00:45:48,279 --> 00:45:51,149
{\an7}\h\hPITTOCK WAS ALSO
AN AVID OUTDOORSMAN,
776
00:45:51,182 --> 00:45:52,717
{\an7}AND WAS IN THE FIRST PARTY
\h\h\h\h\h\h\h\h\hTO CLIMB
777
00:45:52,750 --> 00:45:57,622
{\an7}OREGON’S HIGHEST AND
MOST ICONIC MOUNTAIN.
778
00:45:57,655 --> 00:46:01,092
{\an7}IT LIES 50 MILES FROM DOWNTOWN
PORTLAND, BUT ITS PRESENCE
779
00:46:01,125 --> 00:46:05,930
{\an7}\h\hIN THE LIVES AND MINDS OF
MANY OREGONIANS IS PROFOUND--
780
00:46:05,963 --> 00:46:08,199
{\an7}MOUNT HOOD.
781
00:46:08,232 --> 00:46:11,135
{\an7}THIS MONOLITH LOOMS OVER
THE COLUMBIA RIVER GORGE
782
00:46:11,168 --> 00:46:15,472
{\an7}\h\hAND ALL THE REST OF
OREGON’S CASCADE PEAKS.
783
00:46:15,506 --> 00:46:17,441
{\an7}AFTER FIRST SETTING EYES
\h\h\h\hON THE MOUNTAIN,
784
00:46:17,475 --> 00:46:20,378
{\an7}THE NATURALIST JOHN MUIR WROTE,
785
00:46:20,411 --> 00:46:23,381
{\an7}"THERE STOOD MOUNT HOOD
\h\h\hIN ALL THE GLORY.
786
00:46:23,414 --> 00:46:26,217
{\an7}\h\h\hAND SO IMPRESSIVE
THAT ONE WAS OVERAWED,
787
00:46:26,250 --> 00:46:29,153
{\an7}AS IF SUDDENLY BROUGHT BEFORE
\h\h\h\h\hSOME SUPERIOR BEING
788
00:46:29,186 --> 00:46:31,655
{\an7}NEWLY ARRIVED FROM THE SKY."
789
00:46:33,658 --> 00:46:36,728
{\an7}\h\h\h\hTHE MOUNTAIN WAS NAMED
FOR BRITISH ADMIRAL SAMUEL HOOD
790
00:46:36,761 --> 00:46:39,197
{\an7}IN 1792.
791
00:46:39,230 --> 00:46:40,832
{\an7}BUT CLIMBERS DIDN’T
\hMANAGE TO CONQUER
792
00:46:40,865 --> 00:46:44,202
{\an7}ITS NEARLY VERTICAL UPPER SLOPES
TO REACH THE SUMMIT
793
00:46:44,235 --> 00:46:47,438
{\an7}FOR ANOTHER 50 YEARS.
794
00:46:47,471 --> 00:46:51,542
{\an7}\h\hABOUT 10,000 PEOPLE ATTEMPT
TO CLIMB MOUNT HOOD EACH YEAR.
795
00:46:51,575 --> 00:46:55,813
{\an7}130 HAVE DIED TRYING.
796
00:46:55,846 --> 00:46:59,917
{\an7}\hTHE MOUNTAIN HASN’T HAD A MAJOR
ERUPTION FOR CLOSE TO 200 YEARS,
797
00:46:59,950 --> 00:47:02,486
{\an7}\hAND SCIENTISTS SAY
THERE’S A SLIM CHANCE
798
00:47:02,520 --> 00:47:05,623
{\an7}\hIT WILL AWAKEN OVER
THE NEXT FEW DECADES.
799
00:47:07,325 --> 00:47:10,862
{\an7}\hMOUNT HOOD IS JUST ONE
OF THE 16 VOLCANIC PEAKS
800
00:47:10,895 --> 00:47:13,398
{\an7}THAT LIE IN OREGON’S CASCADES.
801
00:47:13,431 --> 00:47:14,966
{\an7}THESE PEAKS STRETCH SOUTH
802
00:47:14,999 --> 00:47:18,236
{\an7}FROM OREGON’S NORTHERN BORDER
\h\h\h\h\h\hWITH WASHINGTON.
803
00:47:18,269 --> 00:47:20,238
{\an7}FIVE OF THESE 16 MOUNTAINS
804
00:47:20,271 --> 00:47:24,442
{\an7}\h\h\h\hREMAIN POTENTIALLY ACTIVE
VOLCANOES, INCLUDING MOUNT HOOD,
805
00:47:24,475 --> 00:47:27,578
{\an7}\hMOUNT JEFFERSON,
THE THREE SISTERS,
806
00:47:27,611 --> 00:47:30,581
{\an7}AND THE NEWBURY CRATER.
807
00:47:30,614 --> 00:47:33,584
{\an7}\h\hBUT OREGON’S FIFTH AND
SOUTHERNMOST VOLCANIC PEAK
808
00:47:33,617 --> 00:47:36,420
{\an7}\h\h\hISN’T KNOWN FOR
ITS TOWERING HEIGHTS,
809
00:47:36,454 --> 00:47:39,724
{\an7}\h\h\hBUT RATHER ITS
AWE-INSPIRING DEPTHS.
810
00:47:41,192 --> 00:47:44,662
{\an7}THIS IS CRATER LAKE.
811
00:47:44,695 --> 00:47:47,431
{\an7}\h\hFOR THOUSANDS OF YEARS,
THE REGION’S NATIVE PEOPLES
812
00:47:47,465 --> 00:47:50,001
{\an7}REGARDED THIS PLACE
\h\hWITH REVERENCE,
813
00:47:50,034 --> 00:47:54,071
{\an7}\hSUITABLE ONLY FOR
SHAMAN AND CHIEFS.
814
00:47:54,105 --> 00:47:57,208
{\an7}\hTHE KLAMATH INDIANS
CALLED IT TUM-SUM-NE,
815
00:47:57,241 --> 00:48:00,678
{\an7}"MOUNTAIN WITH THE TOP CUT OFF,"
INDICATING A FAMILIARITY
816
00:48:00,711 --> 00:48:04,181
{\an7}WITH THE CATASTROPHIC ERUPTION
THAT HAD TAKEN PLACE HERE.
817
00:48:05,583 --> 00:48:08,186
{\an7}IN THE MID 1800s,
GOLD PROSPECTORS
818
00:48:08,219 --> 00:48:11,222
{\an7}AND AMERICAN EXPLORERS
\hFOUND THEIR WAY HERE
819
00:48:11,255 --> 00:48:14,291
{\an7}AND GOT A LOOK OVER
\hTHE CRATER’S RIM.
820
00:48:14,325 --> 00:48:18,062
{\an7}BUT IT WASN’T UNTIL THE 1870s
\hTHAT THE GREAT SUNKEN LAKE
821
00:48:18,095 --> 00:48:23,667
{\an7}MADE NATIONAL NEWS WHICH CHANGED
THE COURSE OF ONE MAN’S LIFE.
822
00:48:23,701 --> 00:48:27,471
{\an7}WILLIAM STEEL WAS JUST 15
\h\h\hAND LIVING IN OHIO
823
00:48:27,505 --> 00:48:28,840
{\an7}WHEN HE READ ABOUT CRATER LAKE
824
00:48:28,873 --> 00:48:31,676
{\an7}IN A NEWSPAPER IN WHICH
HIS LUNCH WAS WRAPPED.
825
00:48:31,709 --> 00:48:34,879
{\an7}HE LATER WROTE OF THE HOLD
\h\h\hTHE STORY HAD ON HIM,
826
00:48:34,912 --> 00:48:38,015
{\an7}\h\h\h\h\h"AND THEN AND THERE
I DETERMINED TO GO TO OREGON
827
00:48:38,048 --> 00:48:41,752
{\an7}\h\h\hAND TO VISIT THAT LAKE
AND TO GO DOWN TO THE WATER."
828
00:48:43,220 --> 00:48:46,223
{\an7}AT FIRST, THE LAKE WAS BELIEVED
TO BE BOTTOMLESS,
829
00:48:46,257 --> 00:48:49,660
{\an7}\hAND THAT ITS WALLS WERE
TOO STEEP TO CLIMB DOWN.
830
00:48:49,693 --> 00:48:55,999
{\an7}IT’S NOW KNOWN THAT THE DEPTH
\hOF THE LAKE IS 1,943 FEET,
831
00:48:56,033 --> 00:48:59,403
{\an7}MAKING IT THE DEEPEST LAKE
\h\h\h\h\h\h\h\hIN AMERICA.
832
00:48:59,437 --> 00:49:03,675
{\an7}IT SITS IN A VOLCANIC BASIN
\hCREATED 7,700 YEARS AGO,
833
00:49:03,707 --> 00:49:06,009
{\an7}\h\h\h\h\hWHEN THE TOP OF
THE MOUNT MAZAMA VOLCANO
834
00:49:06,043 --> 00:49:09,079
{\an7}COLLAPSED AFTER ERUPTING.
835
00:49:09,113 --> 00:49:13,618
{\an7}\h\h\h\h\hON AUGUST 15, 1885,
WILLIAM STEEL MANAGED TO GET
836
00:49:13,651 --> 00:49:17,355
{\an7}A SMALL CANOE OUT ON THE LAKE,
AND NAMED THE CINDER CONE
837
00:49:17,388 --> 00:49:22,994
{\an7}THAT RISES SOME 767 FEET ABOVE
THE SURFACE WIZARD ISLAND,
838
00:49:23,027 --> 00:49:26,364
{\an7}\hTHINKING IT LOOKED
LIKE A WIZARD’S HAT.
839
00:49:26,397 --> 00:49:29,533
{\an7}STEEL MADE PROTECTING THE LAKE
HIS LIFE’S WORK,
840
00:49:29,567 --> 00:49:32,537
{\an7}EFFORTS THAT HELPED PAVE THE WAY
FOR PRESIDENT THEODORE ROOSEVELT
841
00:49:32,570 --> 00:49:37,542
{\an7}TO ESTABLISH THE SITE AS
A NATIONAL PARK IN 1902.
842
00:49:37,575 --> 00:49:39,844
{\an7}\h\h\h\h\hSTEEL WAS MADE
THE PARK’S COMMISSIONER,
843
00:49:39,877 --> 00:49:44,348
{\an7}A POSITION HE HELD UP UNTIL
\hTHE DAY HE DIED IN 1932.
844
00:49:44,381 --> 00:49:48,886
{\an7}\hHE’S BEEN KNOWN EVER SINCE
AS THE FATHER OF CRATER LAKE.
845
00:49:53,958 --> 00:49:58,429
{\an7}\h\h\hCONSERVATIONISTS,
ADVENTURERS, PIONEERS--
846
00:49:58,462 --> 00:50:02,566
{\an7}THESE ARE THE PEOPLE WHO
FORGED THE OREGON STORY.
847
00:50:02,600 --> 00:50:07,138
{\an7}THE NATIVE AMERICAN TRIBES
\hWHO FISH ITS GREAT RIVER,
848
00:50:07,171 --> 00:50:09,974
{\an7}THE HOPE-FILLED SETTLERS
\h\hWHO CROSSED ITS PEAKS
849
00:50:10,007 --> 00:50:13,744
{\an7}TO REACH WILLAMETTE’S
\h\h\hFERTILE PLAINS,
850
00:50:13,777 --> 00:50:18,782
{\an7}\hTHE HARDWORKING FARMERS
WHO STILL TILL ITS SOIL,
851
00:50:18,816 --> 00:50:21,152
{\an7}AND THE THRILL SEEKERS
852
00:50:21,185 --> 00:50:25,423
{\an7}WHO KEEP OREGON’S SPIRIT
\h\h\hOF ADVENTURE ALIVE.
104679
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