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These are the user uploaded subtitles that are being translated: 1 00:00:09,442 --> 00:00:12,945 NARRATOR: In the winter of 1 807, 2 00:00:13,013 --> 00:00:17,483 a lone fur-trapperjourneyed deep into the heart of the Rocky Mountains. 3 00:00:21,287 --> 00:00:24,623 Somewhere near the headwaters of the Yellowstone River 4 00:00:24,691 --> 00:00:26,525 he found a lost world. 5 00:00:36,069 --> 00:00:37,569 A wonderland, 6 00:00:40,006 --> 00:00:43,742 ruled by ice, fire and brimstone. 7 00:00:52,085 --> 00:00:56,288 A world of extremes that challenges all that strive to live here. 8 00:01:37,730 --> 00:01:42,468 A place that has become perhaps the most treasured wilderness on Earth. 9 00:02:15,768 --> 00:02:17,302 Winter in Yellowstone. 10 00:02:20,507 --> 00:02:22,174 Minus 40 degrees. 11 00:02:24,844 --> 00:02:29,648 Fahrenheit or centigrade, it doesn't really matter, 12 00:02:30,383 --> 00:02:33,819 at minus 40 the two scales read the same. 13 00:02:36,623 --> 00:02:40,759 For half the year, Yellowstone is frozen solid. 14 00:02:44,531 --> 00:02:49,568 Yet in the middle of this ice world there is scalding heat. 15 00:02:54,607 --> 00:02:59,578 This is no ordinary place and this is no ordinary winter. 16 00:03:08,221 --> 00:03:11,857 The fate of everything here lies in the hands of forces 17 00:03:11,925 --> 00:03:14,459 of almost unimaginable power. 18 00:03:23,469 --> 00:03:27,906 Yellowstone is deep in the heart of the Rocky Mountains of North America. 19 00:03:29,209 --> 00:03:33,378 An isolated high plateau defended by rugged peaks. 20 00:03:40,920 --> 00:03:44,056 And its location is what makes it so different. 21 00:03:48,161 --> 00:03:53,498 Right beneath Yellowstone a unique quirk of geology means that molten rock 22 00:03:53,566 --> 00:03:58,103 from deep in the earth comes unusually close to the frozen surface. 23 00:04:03,776 --> 00:04:06,645 No one knows why it happens right here, 24 00:04:06,746 --> 00:04:10,382 but its impact is what has made Yellowstone world famous. 25 00:04:32,071 --> 00:04:36,308 Yellowstone is the most extensive geothermal area on Earth. 26 00:04:41,814 --> 00:04:44,650 It has over 1 0,000 thermal wonders 27 00:04:44,751 --> 00:04:47,586 and more geysers than the rest of the world put together. 28 00:04:59,966 --> 00:05:04,069 Old Faithful is Yellowstone's most well-known geyser. 29 00:05:04,904 --> 00:05:07,139 It shoots 5,000 gallons of water 30 00:05:07,206 --> 00:05:11,143 1 50 feet into the air almost every hour. 31 00:05:22,055 --> 00:05:25,324 But the forces that fuel this spectacular display 32 00:05:25,425 --> 00:05:29,261 have an influence far greater than we can see on the surface. 33 00:05:32,131 --> 00:05:35,233 Paradoxically, it's all this underground heat 34 00:05:35,301 --> 00:05:37,369 that helps make the Yellowstone winter 35 00:05:37,470 --> 00:05:40,739 one of the coldest and toughest in America. 36 00:05:49,182 --> 00:05:52,784 It's November and winter is beginning to take hold. 37 00:06:02,762 --> 00:06:04,162 (HOWLING) 38 00:06:19,011 --> 00:06:22,514 As it gets colder, one animal here gets stronger. 39 00:06:24,584 --> 00:06:28,019 Wolves. The winter is their time. 40 00:06:30,022 --> 00:06:32,991 Gradually, it weakens their prey. 41 00:06:54,747 --> 00:06:56,581 This is the Druid wolf pack, 42 00:06:56,649 --> 00:07:00,085 one of the largest and most powerful in Yellowstone. 43 00:07:30,817 --> 00:07:33,585 The pack have this bull elk surrounded. 44 00:07:36,289 --> 00:07:38,256 But there's a problem. 45 00:07:39,225 --> 00:07:42,461 The pack won't follow the bull into the river. 46 00:07:42,528 --> 00:07:46,097 They won't risk freezing to death in the ice cold water. 47 00:07:54,307 --> 00:07:57,676 What's more, now the elk's antlers are at just the right height 48 00:07:57,743 --> 00:07:59,845 to keep the wolves at bay. 49 00:08:12,859 --> 00:08:14,493 It's stalemate. 50 00:08:18,164 --> 00:08:21,466 But it's now the elk that has a problem of his own. 51 00:08:24,303 --> 00:08:28,907 Although it's only knee deep, he can't stay in this freezing water forever. 52 00:08:38,551 --> 00:08:41,786 A young female is not prepared to let him go. 53 00:08:48,127 --> 00:08:50,128 But the elk is strong. 54 00:08:51,531 --> 00:08:54,165 One-on-one he has the advantage. 55 00:09:05,444 --> 00:09:08,213 Her only support is another youngster. 56 00:09:11,617 --> 00:09:13,952 They are neither strong or experienced enough 57 00:09:14,020 --> 00:09:15,954 to bring this elk down. 58 00:09:16,422 --> 00:09:20,125 But it's enough to make him turn and run 59 00:09:24,030 --> 00:09:27,465 back to the river where he knows they won't follow. 60 00:09:36,475 --> 00:09:39,411 But the longer he stays in the freezing water, 61 00:09:39,512 --> 00:09:41,446 the weaker he will get. 62 00:09:46,218 --> 00:09:49,487 Others before him have waited here too long, 63 00:09:50,890 --> 00:09:52,857 and wolves are patient. 64 00:09:57,496 --> 00:10:00,732 Right now his strength is his only advantage. 65 00:10:01,634 --> 00:10:03,368 He has to try again. 66 00:10:10,543 --> 00:10:13,378 This time even the young wolves stay put. 67 00:10:16,248 --> 00:10:20,385 Without the support of the pack they never really stood a chance. 68 00:10:21,354 --> 00:10:25,156 And the pack have already decided that this early in the winter, 69 00:10:25,224 --> 00:10:28,593 a bull elk in his prime is just too strong. 70 00:10:31,597 --> 00:10:33,531 But as the winter gets colder 71 00:10:33,633 --> 00:10:38,036 and the snow gets deeper the tables will turn. 72 00:10:49,015 --> 00:10:50,782 By the end of November, 73 00:10:50,850 --> 00:10:54,019 the arc of the sun barely breaks above the trees. 74 00:10:56,589 --> 00:11:00,625 As its angle decreases, so does its power. 75 00:11:13,339 --> 00:11:16,708 And as the sun loses its hold over the land, 76 00:11:17,710 --> 00:11:20,011 other forces begin to take over. 77 00:11:24,383 --> 00:11:27,419 Yellowstone has a dark secret 78 00:11:27,520 --> 00:11:30,355 that affects everything that lives here, 79 00:11:30,423 --> 00:11:32,657 especially in the winter. 80 00:11:45,304 --> 00:11:47,138 It's only from high above ground 81 00:11:47,239 --> 00:11:51,309 that we start to get a glimpse of the true nature of this place. 82 00:11:55,715 --> 00:11:59,818 Yellowstone is a giant bowl 50 miles wide 83 00:11:59,919 --> 00:12:02,153 right in the middle of the Rocky Mountains. 84 00:12:05,458 --> 00:12:07,826 There's nowhere else like it. 85 00:12:09,729 --> 00:12:13,298 And there's only one thing that could have created it. 86 00:12:19,371 --> 00:12:22,173 Three miles beneath this frozen surface 87 00:12:22,274 --> 00:12:25,009 is a colossal chamber of molten rock. 88 00:12:26,345 --> 00:12:29,214 Today it powers Yellowstone's geysers. 89 00:12:30,316 --> 00:12:32,617 But every million years or so, 90 00:12:32,718 --> 00:12:37,589 the pressure in this magma gets critical and the chamber explodes. 91 00:12:41,360 --> 00:12:45,830 The last eruption, 640,000 years ago, 92 00:12:45,898 --> 00:12:49,334 was more than 1 ,000 times larger than Mount St Helens. 93 00:12:52,638 --> 00:12:56,808 It blasted away mountains and ejected hundreds of cubic miles of debris 94 00:12:56,909 --> 00:13:01,112 into the atmosphere, burying half the USA with ash. 95 00:13:07,219 --> 00:13:11,623 The heart of Yellowstone is one of the world's biggest volcanoes. 96 00:13:14,994 --> 00:13:18,863 One day it will erupt again. 97 00:13:18,931 --> 00:13:23,268 It could be today or in another million years. 98 00:13:26,438 --> 00:13:29,107 But even as the volcano is sleeping, 99 00:13:29,608 --> 00:13:32,577 breathing quietly through its geysers, 100 00:13:33,179 --> 00:13:36,347 it has a profound effect on Yellowstone's winter. 101 00:13:41,487 --> 00:13:46,257 The volcano made Yellowstone's giant bowl but it didn't stop there. 102 00:13:48,727 --> 00:13:51,496 Ever since, the huge pressure below the surface 103 00:13:51,564 --> 00:13:54,666 has been pushing it higher into the air, 104 00:13:54,733 --> 00:13:58,002 and as it gets higher it gets colder. 105 00:14:00,840 --> 00:14:04,475 And now at its present altitude of 8,000 feet, 106 00:14:04,543 --> 00:14:07,645 this giant bowl simply accumulates freezing air 107 00:14:07,713 --> 00:14:10,081 from the surrounding mountains. 108 00:14:11,450 --> 00:14:16,454 In the winter, the sleeping volcano becomes a giant deep freeze. 109 00:14:29,034 --> 00:14:33,004 On the open plateau, right in the middle of this frozen volcano 110 00:14:33,072 --> 00:14:36,608 is an animal that has lived here since the last ice age. 111 00:14:40,412 --> 00:14:44,983 Bison are exposed to the worst of the Yellowstone winter, 112 00:14:45,084 --> 00:14:47,285 but they are built for it. 113 00:14:50,189 --> 00:14:52,490 Their thick coat is such good insulation 114 00:14:52,558 --> 00:14:56,160 that they only need a tiny amount of energy to keep warm. 115 00:14:56,228 --> 00:15:00,732 So they slow their metabolism right down and concentrate on feeding. 116 00:15:08,974 --> 00:15:12,810 With massive neck muscles they sweep their heads down through the snow 117 00:15:12,878 --> 00:15:15,246 to get to the grass beneath. 118 00:15:17,850 --> 00:15:22,720 But the grass has long ago put its summer goodness down into its roots 119 00:15:22,788 --> 00:15:26,691 and now has about the same nutritional value as cardboard. 120 00:15:31,363 --> 00:15:34,232 They will need to do all they can to save energy 121 00:15:34,333 --> 00:15:37,835 if they are to ward off starvation until spring returns. 122 00:15:47,479 --> 00:15:50,014 As the winter strengthens its grip, 123 00:15:50,082 --> 00:15:54,085 elk move into more sheltered valleys at the edge of Yellowstone. 124 00:15:55,721 --> 00:15:59,223 They don't have the bison's ability to move deep snow. 125 00:16:03,729 --> 00:16:07,799 But this brings them into the territory of the Druid pack. 126 00:16:23,182 --> 00:16:25,917 As the grazers are beginning to weaken, 127 00:16:25,985 --> 00:16:28,786 life for the wolves is getting easier. 128 00:16:34,860 --> 00:16:38,229 They are now successfully hunting about twice a week. 129 00:16:41,367 --> 00:16:42,767 (GROWLING) 130 00:16:46,739 --> 00:16:49,273 They even have the energy to play. 131 00:16:50,275 --> 00:16:52,410 But their play has a purpose. 132 00:16:52,511 --> 00:16:55,646 It fine-tunes their hunting skills 133 00:16:55,714 --> 00:16:58,950 and helps bond the all-important pack structure. 134 00:17:00,886 --> 00:17:02,720 Though there are 1 6 of them, 135 00:17:02,788 --> 00:17:07,058 they can only hunt an animal as large as an elk if they hunt as one. 136 00:17:13,198 --> 00:17:17,635 The strength of the pack is what will get them through the winter. 137 00:17:40,092 --> 00:17:43,394 Bald eagles spot carcasses from miles away. 138 00:17:46,865 --> 00:17:50,368 But there is strong competition for a kill like this. 139 00:18:15,561 --> 00:18:16,828 A coyote. 140 00:18:18,130 --> 00:18:22,300 He has been shadowing the wolves, and moves in now they have gone. 141 00:18:26,772 --> 00:18:28,005 (GROWLING) 142 00:19:17,689 --> 00:19:21,692 It's December, and even the great Yellowstone River 143 00:19:21,760 --> 00:19:23,861 is succumbing to the cold. 144 00:19:25,797 --> 00:19:29,567 It's only where the water runs fast that it still runs free. 145 00:19:38,544 --> 00:19:41,078 It looks uncomfortably cold, 146 00:19:41,146 --> 00:19:43,381 but then the water, at around freezing point, 147 00:19:43,482 --> 00:19:46,384 can be 50 degrees warmer than the air. 148 00:19:49,087 --> 00:19:52,423 Under the ice there's a rich supply of stone fly larvae 149 00:19:52,524 --> 00:19:54,892 waiting to hatch in the spring. 150 00:19:57,029 --> 00:20:00,831 Dippers make the most of these few small windows to a liquid world 151 00:20:00,933 --> 00:20:03,167 before they shut completely. 152 00:20:16,181 --> 00:20:19,917 Where the water stands still it is now frozen solid. 153 00:20:23,322 --> 00:20:27,024 Yellowstone Lake is 1 36 square miles, 154 00:20:27,125 --> 00:20:30,361 and now completely covered in three feet of ice. 155 00:20:37,269 --> 00:20:41,672 A coyote travels across this frozen desert looking for something to eat. 156 00:20:45,344 --> 00:20:48,679 It's a wonder that anything can survive here at all. 157 00:20:50,716 --> 00:20:53,317 Hundreds of feet beneath him on the lake bed, 158 00:20:53,385 --> 00:20:55,920 geysers erupt just like they do on land 159 00:20:55,988 --> 00:20:59,223 and they melt holes in the ice, 160 00:20:59,324 --> 00:21:02,360 the only sign that there is a lake here at all. 161 00:21:13,071 --> 00:21:15,072 As the year comes to an end, 162 00:21:15,173 --> 00:21:19,543 it seems hard to imagine this winter getting any tougher. 163 00:21:19,645 --> 00:21:22,613 But there's another twist to the volcano's story 164 00:21:22,681 --> 00:21:25,549 that is about to make things even worse. 165 00:21:30,188 --> 00:21:34,492 Over time the continent of North America has moved, 166 00:21:34,559 --> 00:21:38,929 inch by inch, over many millions of years. 167 00:21:40,666 --> 00:21:43,768 But deep down below the Earth's moving crust, 168 00:21:43,835 --> 00:21:47,438 the source of magma that fuels Yellowstone's volcano 169 00:21:48,173 --> 00:21:49,840 has stayed put. 170 00:21:58,050 --> 00:22:02,453 As the crust has moved over this volcanic hotspot, 171 00:22:02,521 --> 00:22:07,525 eruption after eruption has blasted a massive 500-mile-long scar 172 00:22:07,592 --> 00:22:09,627 right through the Rockies. 173 00:22:16,001 --> 00:22:20,838 In the winter this giant scar, called the Snake River Plain, 174 00:22:20,906 --> 00:22:24,108 funnels moist air from the Pacific Ocean 175 00:22:24,209 --> 00:22:26,911 right through the wall of the Rocky Mountains 176 00:22:27,012 --> 00:22:29,680 and up into Yellowstone's deep freeze. 177 00:22:36,088 --> 00:22:40,224 Here it finally freezes and falls as snow, 178 00:22:41,193 --> 00:22:43,027 huge quantities of it. 179 00:23:00,078 --> 00:23:03,748 Whilst everywhere around gets 1 0 feet of snow a year, 180 00:23:03,849 --> 00:23:08,719 thanks to the legacy of its volcano, Yellowstone can get as much as 50. 181 00:23:18,597 --> 00:23:21,832 Otters seem to thrive in the Yellowstone winter. 182 00:23:31,576 --> 00:23:36,313 But now that the rivers are not only frozen but covered in deep snow, 183 00:23:36,415 --> 00:23:39,583 they are struggling to find open water to fish in. 184 00:23:56,034 --> 00:24:00,604 They can't fish here, the fast flowing water is too dangerous. 185 00:24:00,672 --> 00:24:03,841 Somehow they need to find a way past the falls. 186 00:24:53,692 --> 00:24:58,362 With the falls safely behind them, the otters are forced to keep moving on. 187 00:25:02,734 --> 00:25:06,036 Open water has become a rare thing in Yellowstone. 188 00:25:09,207 --> 00:25:10,875 (BISON GRUNTING) 189 00:25:16,715 --> 00:25:20,651 Out on the frozen grasslands, the bison are struggling, too. 190 00:25:22,921 --> 00:25:26,457 This year is already the snowiest for the last decade, 191 00:25:26,525 --> 00:25:30,528 snowier than many of this herd have experienced in their lives. 192 00:25:32,397 --> 00:25:36,066 Now, as the snow gets deeper than a critical four feet, 193 00:25:36,167 --> 00:25:41,171 the effort of swinging this massive head back and forth for so little reward 194 00:25:41,239 --> 00:25:43,207 is becoming too much. 195 00:25:50,248 --> 00:25:53,083 Though the snow front is passing through, 196 00:25:53,151 --> 00:25:54,952 it's followed by the wind, 197 00:25:55,053 --> 00:25:58,355 which now starts to scour the heart of Yellowstone. 198 00:26:20,512 --> 00:26:24,882 A bison's coat can keep it warm down to minus 30 degrees Fahrenheit. 199 00:26:28,553 --> 00:26:32,523 The wind chill is now pushing these bison to that limit. 200 00:26:44,002 --> 00:26:47,605 But these are the last wild bison herds in America 201 00:26:47,672 --> 00:26:51,709 which have survived here for tens of thousands of years. 202 00:26:51,810 --> 00:26:53,777 They know what to do. 203 00:27:07,359 --> 00:27:12,229 To move is risky, it will tap into their now dwindling energy reserves. 204 00:27:14,633 --> 00:27:17,635 But this year, it's a gamble worth taking. 205 00:27:25,577 --> 00:27:29,079 Their way out is a river whose water is not frozen. 206 00:27:30,548 --> 00:27:35,619 A thermal river fed by warm water from Yellowstone's geysers, 207 00:27:36,087 --> 00:27:40,157 an ancient route which leads to a place where, if they're lucky, 208 00:27:40,258 --> 00:27:42,459 they will be able to survive. 209 00:28:03,248 --> 00:28:06,684 It's January, and night is twice as long as day 210 00:28:06,751 --> 00:28:09,019 in Yellowstone's deep freeze. 211 00:28:10,288 --> 00:28:12,923 The wind and the storms have gone, 212 00:28:12,991 --> 00:28:17,194 but now the clear skies suck any last trace of heat into space. 213 00:28:20,331 --> 00:28:24,268 As morning comes, something extraordinary has happened. 214 00:28:35,080 --> 00:28:37,948 All moisture in the air has turned to ice, 215 00:28:39,117 --> 00:28:40,517 diamond dust. 216 00:29:47,819 --> 00:29:50,821 But this is a cruel beauty. 217 00:29:50,889 --> 00:29:55,159 Minus 66 Fahrenheit was recorded here in Yellowstone. 218 00:29:55,260 --> 00:29:58,061 Off the record, it gets colder still. 219 00:30:07,138 --> 00:30:11,441 This bison is still out on the open plateau. 220 00:30:11,543 --> 00:30:16,013 The deep snow with its windblown crust has made it almost impossible to feed. 221 00:30:16,648 --> 00:30:20,617 The extreme cold will now tip the balance of survival further, 222 00:30:20,685 --> 00:30:23,287 most likely too far even for a bison. 223 00:30:43,775 --> 00:30:48,278 A red fox can stay in the cold heart of Yellowstone all winter, 224 00:30:48,379 --> 00:30:50,647 so long as it can find food. 225 00:30:55,320 --> 00:30:56,687 It's looking for mice 226 00:30:56,754 --> 00:31:00,691 that survive the winter insulated beneath the blanket of snow. 227 00:31:04,562 --> 00:31:08,098 The fox is light enough to move about on the delicate crust 228 00:31:08,166 --> 00:31:10,901 but the mice are six feet beneath it. 229 00:31:35,193 --> 00:31:39,796 It listens for the tiny sounds of its prey moving about below, 230 00:31:39,898 --> 00:31:43,000 but must take great care not to scare them away. 231 00:32:38,156 --> 00:32:41,325 The otter family has arrived at Yellowstone Lake. 232 00:32:42,360 --> 00:32:46,530 Here they can fish in the holes kept open by the underwater geysers. 233 00:32:55,273 --> 00:32:57,941 But every time they catch something, 234 00:33:01,079 --> 00:33:04,081 this coyote has been watching and waiting. 235 00:33:33,211 --> 00:33:37,214 The otter dives under the ice to hide its fish from the coyote. 236 00:33:44,555 --> 00:33:48,692 The coyote can't see the otter because of the thick cover of snow. 237 00:33:52,463 --> 00:33:54,197 But he can hear him. 238 00:34:01,172 --> 00:34:04,441 The otter emerges without the fish. 239 00:34:05,076 --> 00:34:09,613 He's stashed it somewhere under the snow. But where? 240 00:34:32,503 --> 00:34:35,472 A huge Yellowstone cutthroat trout. 241 00:34:40,211 --> 00:34:44,781 With the help of the otters, a wily coyote can catch fish, too. 242 00:35:11,676 --> 00:35:15,912 The thermal river has led the bison to one of the main geyser fields. 243 00:35:20,651 --> 00:35:25,055 Here the heat from below comes close enough to the surface to melt the snow. 244 00:35:30,328 --> 00:35:33,163 And a bison can graze as if it were spring. 245 00:35:42,173 --> 00:35:47,110 The same volcanic forces, so massive that they created the weather 246 00:35:47,211 --> 00:35:51,615 that drove the bison here, now offer comfort. 247 00:35:58,856 --> 00:36:02,392 The only problem is, the grass that the bison now relish 248 00:36:02,493 --> 00:36:06,830 has such a high concentration of silica that it wears down their teeth. 249 00:36:08,099 --> 00:36:11,835 And it's laced with enough arsenic to slowly poison them. 250 00:36:20,578 --> 00:36:24,080 For these bison, it's not an easy choice to come here. 251 00:36:27,618 --> 00:36:30,287 But as long as they don't have to stay here too long 252 00:36:30,354 --> 00:36:34,291 it's a lot better than facing the Yellowstone winter head on. 253 00:36:43,401 --> 00:36:46,536 Incredibly, there is life that thrives here. 254 00:36:48,773 --> 00:36:50,941 In Yellowstone's thermal springs, 255 00:36:51,008 --> 00:36:53,977 the temperature is a constant near-boiling. 256 00:36:55,880 --> 00:36:59,316 Yet here are huge colonies of heat-tolerant microbes. 257 00:37:03,321 --> 00:37:07,190 As the boiling water flows out from the centre of springs, 258 00:37:07,291 --> 00:37:11,127 it cools, forming bands of different temperatures, 259 00:37:11,195 --> 00:37:13,563 each with a different collection of microbes 260 00:37:13,631 --> 00:37:16,032 with a totally different colour. 261 00:37:21,672 --> 00:37:25,875 Grand Prismatic Spring is one of the wonders of the natural world. 262 00:37:29,447 --> 00:37:32,382 It's thought that it was in conditions like this 263 00:37:32,450 --> 00:37:34,918 that life on Earth first started. 264 00:37:51,168 --> 00:37:52,902 It's now February, 265 00:37:52,970 --> 00:37:56,773 and when almost everything else in Yellowstone is on its last legs, 266 00:37:56,841 --> 00:37:59,843 the Druid pack is reaching peak condition. 267 00:38:02,713 --> 00:38:06,082 And it's now that the young females come into season. 268 00:38:10,087 --> 00:38:13,290 Hanging back from the pack is a lone male wolf. 269 00:38:17,528 --> 00:38:20,563 He has no territory of his own but follows the pack, 270 00:38:20,631 --> 00:38:22,999 scavenging from their successes. 271 00:38:27,204 --> 00:38:30,674 But right now, food is not his priority. 272 00:38:35,913 --> 00:38:39,115 The young females won't mate with the pack's alpha male 273 00:38:39,216 --> 00:38:41,051 as he is their father. 274 00:38:43,654 --> 00:38:47,257 So the intruder could well be in with a chance, 275 00:38:47,325 --> 00:38:49,926 as long as the alpha doesn't see him. 276 00:38:50,261 --> 00:38:51,761 (WOLVES WHINING) 277 00:38:56,367 --> 00:39:00,236 Whilst the pack are distracted, one female sneaks away. 278 00:39:05,776 --> 00:39:09,079 She won't give up the security of the pack for him, 279 00:39:09,180 --> 00:39:11,648 so they meet close by in secret. 280 00:39:24,095 --> 00:39:26,830 But the pack are now coming their way. 281 00:39:42,380 --> 00:39:44,681 The alpha male is on to him. 282 00:39:49,553 --> 00:39:52,455 He won't tolerate any other male in his territory, 283 00:39:52,523 --> 00:39:54,991 let alone with one of his females. 284 00:39:55,993 --> 00:40:00,196 When wolves mate, they become locked together for up to half an hour. 285 00:40:00,898 --> 00:40:03,233 The intruder can't break free. 286 00:40:43,174 --> 00:40:45,809 For now the alpha male has done enough. 287 00:40:45,876 --> 00:40:48,645 He's seen the intruder off and he needs to return 288 00:40:48,712 --> 00:40:51,080 to reassert his position in the pack. 289 00:40:58,856 --> 00:41:02,992 The intruder retreats to a precarious life in the shadows. 290 00:41:04,395 --> 00:41:09,098 But whatever happens to him, so long as he was coupled for long enough, 291 00:41:09,166 --> 00:41:11,100 he will have young brought up 292 00:41:11,168 --> 00:41:14,671 in the security of one of the strongest packs in Yellowstone. 293 00:41:25,316 --> 00:41:27,217 (WOLVES HOWLING) 294 00:41:48,572 --> 00:41:50,039 (WHIMPERING) 295 00:41:52,576 --> 00:41:54,077 Since the beginning of winter, 296 00:41:54,178 --> 00:41:57,714 Yellowstone's herds have been getting steadily weaker. 297 00:42:00,317 --> 00:42:02,485 Now at the end of February, 298 00:42:02,553 --> 00:42:06,890 the tables have completely turned to favour the Druid pack. 299 00:43:16,894 --> 00:43:18,795 (WOLVES HOWLING) 300 00:43:18,896 --> 00:43:23,132 As February turns to March, it seems like the winter will never end. 301 00:43:25,936 --> 00:43:28,638 But now the clear, cold days have gone. 302 00:43:30,941 --> 00:43:33,810 The snow still comes, but it's a wet snow 303 00:43:33,877 --> 00:43:36,579 that strips the warmth from you faster, 304 00:43:39,717 --> 00:43:42,885 now, when you are right at the end of your strength. 305 00:44:04,441 --> 00:44:06,275 But there is hope. 306 00:44:07,177 --> 00:44:09,846 Now is the turning point of the winter. 307 00:44:15,285 --> 00:44:18,421 At the spring equinox, there are 1 2 hours of night, 308 00:44:18,489 --> 00:44:20,423 and 1 2 hours of day. 309 00:44:21,792 --> 00:44:25,561 From now on, light starts to win over dark. 310 00:44:37,541 --> 00:44:41,444 March is also the turning point in the history of Yellowstone. 311 00:44:43,881 --> 00:44:46,683 On 1 st March, 1 872, 312 00:44:46,784 --> 00:44:49,485 American President Ulysses S Grant 313 00:44:49,553 --> 00:44:52,689 recognised the extraordinary wonders of Yellowstone 314 00:44:52,756 --> 00:44:55,758 by making it the world's first national park. 315 00:45:16,447 --> 00:45:19,649 The park's creation marked the beginning of a new era 316 00:45:19,717 --> 00:45:22,952 where the world's wild places would be valued 317 00:45:23,454 --> 00:45:25,121 simply for being wild. 318 00:45:39,169 --> 00:45:41,137 (BIRDS CAWING) 319 00:45:51,115 --> 00:45:53,182 Now, as the days lengthen, 320 00:45:53,250 --> 00:45:56,552 the winter starts to loosen its grip on Yellowstone. 321 00:46:04,128 --> 00:46:08,431 But with the end of winter, also comes the end of the wolves' reign. 322 00:46:19,476 --> 00:46:22,879 On a mountain peak right on the edge of Yellowstone, 323 00:46:22,980 --> 00:46:26,516 footprints in the snow are the sign that a challenger has appeared 324 00:46:26,617 --> 00:46:28,551 to reclaim this land. 325 00:46:36,393 --> 00:46:41,164 A grizzly bear mother with her new cubs emerges from her den. 326 00:46:44,401 --> 00:46:48,371 For six months, snow and ice have ravaged Yellowstone, 327 00:46:48,438 --> 00:46:53,075 but she has slept underground, waking only to give birth to her cubs. 328 00:46:53,177 --> 00:46:56,012 And then from time to time, to feed them. 329 00:47:04,521 --> 00:47:06,689 As winter gives way to spring, 330 00:47:06,757 --> 00:47:10,493 she leads them out into the wilderness for the first time. 331 00:47:16,166 --> 00:47:19,402 In Yellowstone's great volcano, 332 00:47:19,503 --> 00:47:23,239 in spite of everything the winter has thrown at them, 333 00:47:23,340 --> 00:47:25,408 most have made it through. 334 00:47:38,488 --> 00:47:40,690 The forces that have helped keep Yellowstone 335 00:47:40,757 --> 00:47:44,894 in the grip of such a deep winter have finally let go. 336 00:47:46,663 --> 00:47:49,765 It is the sun that will now dominate once more. 337 00:47:56,874 --> 00:47:59,342 Its power will now take over, 338 00:48:05,215 --> 00:48:07,650 bringing new life to this place. 339 00:48:21,899 --> 00:48:24,734 But also it will bring new challenges 340 00:48:25,769 --> 00:48:28,037 that all will have to face 341 00:48:29,806 --> 00:48:32,808 in the heat of Yellowstone's summer. 29084

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