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These are the user uploaded subtitles that are being translated: 0 00:00:01,000 --> 00:00:04,000 Downloaded From www.AllSubs.org 1 00:00:00,105 --> 00:00:05,000 Shared by http://DJJ.HOME.SAPO.PT/ 1 00:00:32,132 --> 00:00:36,694 Australia... the land of sun, sea and surf... 2 00:00:40,373 --> 00:00:44,605 lts golden shores are a magnet for beach lovers and thrill seekers. 3 00:00:55,889 --> 00:00:59,450 Millions flock to explore the world's biggest coral reef. 4 00:00:59,826 --> 00:01:02,454 But while the Great Barrier Reef and Sydney Harbour 5 00:01:02,629 --> 00:01:05,427 are the classic images of the Australian way of life, 6 00:01:05,765 --> 00:01:07,392 they're just the beginning. 7 00:01:18,044 --> 00:01:21,013 Leave behind those playgrounds of the crowded east coast, 8 00:01:21,347 --> 00:01:24,282 and there's a much wilder party going on out there. 9 00:01:31,391 --> 00:01:32,983 This continent has a coastline 10 00:01:33,159 --> 00:01:37,459 that stretches from the hot northern tropics to the icy south. 11 00:01:40,967 --> 00:01:45,404 And all around are seas with the most astonishing variety of life. 12 00:01:57,250 --> 00:02:00,014 But these waters are challenging places to live... 13 00:02:03,022 --> 00:02:04,853 ...only the toughest survive... 14 00:02:07,093 --> 00:02:10,358 catching a wave is the easy bit. 15 00:02:19,239 --> 00:02:22,640 The seas around Australia are as harsh as the land itself. 16 00:02:22,942 --> 00:02:26,935 Only in very special places has marine-life overcome the odds. 17 00:02:27,247 --> 00:02:30,216 The Great Barrier Reef is the one everyone knows, 18 00:02:30,416 --> 00:02:34,614 but there's another coral extravaganza on the other side of Australia. 19 00:02:37,457 --> 00:02:40,551 Here, the land is a desert and it hardly ever rains. 20 00:02:40,860 --> 00:02:42,953 There are no rivers flushing mud into the sea, 21 00:02:43,129 --> 00:02:45,563 and so the water stays crystal clear. 22 00:02:48,835 --> 00:02:53,704 lt's perfect for growing corals V and all a stone's throw from the beach. 23 00:03:00,013 --> 00:03:02,811 Sandwiched between the desert shore and the open ocean, 24 00:03:03,216 --> 00:03:08,882 Ningaloo Reef is 260 kilometres of coral oasis. 25 00:03:10,723 --> 00:03:14,250 The outer reef wall encloses a self-contained world. 26 00:03:14,594 --> 00:03:17,722 Life thrives in the warmth of the sheltered lagoon. 27 00:03:24,270 --> 00:03:25,760 When conditions are this good 28 00:03:25,972 --> 00:03:29,567 baby striped catfish gobble like mad to get a head start. 29 00:03:32,745 --> 00:03:36,181 But until they've grown up, they roll around the reef together. 30 00:03:36,482 --> 00:03:40,111 This way they look bigger and scarier than they would on their own. 31 00:03:54,901 --> 00:03:59,270 All the raw ingredients for life as a catfish - or as anything else - 32 00:03:59,439 --> 00:04:01,066 are trapped within the lagoon. 33 00:04:03,543 --> 00:04:05,306 Until the Autumn storms... 34 00:04:05,812 --> 00:04:10,078 when the nutrition-packed reef-water spills out into the open sea. 35 00:04:12,652 --> 00:04:13,949 For just a brief period 36 00:04:14,287 --> 00:04:17,916 the lifeless waters outside become a nourishing soup... 37 00:04:18,224 --> 00:04:21,250 and dinner guests arrive out of the blue. 38 00:04:39,078 --> 00:04:40,841 lt's a whale shark. 39 00:04:43,850 --> 00:04:46,683 These giant ocean cruisers make long treks, 40 00:04:46,886 --> 00:04:51,084 because food is so hard to find out in the clear tropical seas. 41 00:04:51,391 --> 00:04:54,258 But they can be sure of getting a spot of lunch round here. 42 00:04:57,096 --> 00:04:58,961 Ningaloo is the only place in the world 43 00:04:59,132 --> 00:05:01,726 where you can see them feeding so close to shore. 44 00:05:05,171 --> 00:05:06,661 Whale sharks aren't the only ones 45 00:05:06,839 --> 00:05:09,637 who've marked this event in their biological diary. 46 00:05:12,378 --> 00:05:17,577 Vast shoals of sardines appear out of the lndian Ocean to join Ningaloo's feast. 47 00:05:37,236 --> 00:05:40,171 They're tailed by predatory dog tooth tuna. 48 00:05:51,951 --> 00:05:54,715 Sharks appear. They're usually loners. 49 00:05:56,656 --> 00:05:59,454 But they'll gang up for a party like this. 50 00:06:09,268 --> 00:06:13,864 Sharks and tuna work the shoals together, like dogs rounding up sheep... 51 00:06:14,173 --> 00:06:18,701 until they've pinned them against the shore in one massive, tight slick. 52 00:06:24,183 --> 00:06:26,083 The sardines look like easy meat, 53 00:06:26,285 --> 00:06:28,810 but the slick is now a solid wall of fish. 54 00:06:29,055 --> 00:06:31,819 lt's hard for the predators to know where to start. 55 00:06:38,331 --> 00:06:40,026 Every time the sharks plough in, 56 00:06:40,500 --> 00:06:43,264 the little fish do their parting-the-waves trick. 57 00:06:44,103 --> 00:06:46,094 lt's a dazzling defence. 58 00:06:47,940 --> 00:06:51,876 Tuna are like snipers; they pick off fish from the edge of the huddle. 59 00:06:55,515 --> 00:06:57,244 But it's hard for the sharks. 60 00:06:57,417 --> 00:07:00,443 They can't get a grip on the vast, darting shoal. 61 00:07:22,909 --> 00:07:27,869 The bait-ball is squeezed tighter and tighter and even the sharks can't miss. 62 00:07:37,523 --> 00:07:40,151 Then more heavyweight diners show up. 63 00:07:41,961 --> 00:07:44,452 The sardine shoal is now virtually on the beach, 64 00:07:44,630 --> 00:07:48,066 so surely out of reach of a huge Brydes whale. 65 00:08:12,124 --> 00:08:14,388 The sharks are finally making a dent in the shoal, 66 00:08:14,727 --> 00:08:18,686 but it's nothing to what these monstrous whales can cram into their mouths. 67 00:08:55,835 --> 00:08:59,635 When the food runs out, the bounty hunters will drift away 68 00:09:00,573 --> 00:09:03,633 and the sea around here will return to hard times. 69 00:09:07,647 --> 00:09:10,480 Australia's northwest coast is pretty impoverished 70 00:09:10,816 --> 00:09:13,842 and little fertile pockets like Ningaloo are rare. 71 00:09:14,353 --> 00:09:16,378 But there are other surprises. 72 00:09:16,656 --> 00:09:20,956 Further south, there's a giant inlet called Shark Bay. 73 00:09:30,036 --> 00:09:31,765 lt's surrounded by desert, 74 00:09:32,204 --> 00:09:33,694 and under a blazing sun, 75 00:09:33,873 --> 00:09:37,639 seawater evaporates off quicker than a boiling billycan. 76 00:09:41,681 --> 00:09:43,376 ln the inner reaches of the bay 77 00:09:43,549 --> 00:09:46,985 the concentrated water is twice as salty as the sea. 78 00:09:47,620 --> 00:09:50,282 And it doesn't get much tougher than that. 79 00:10:03,402 --> 00:10:05,996 There's nothing in this brine for these jellyfish to eat, 80 00:10:06,339 --> 00:10:08,603 so they've come up with a clever way to cope. 81 00:10:18,317 --> 00:10:20,911 Their tissues contain millions of plant cells 82 00:10:21,253 --> 00:10:24,086 that convert sunlight directly into food. 83 00:10:24,957 --> 00:10:27,255 These jellies are solar-powered. 84 00:10:30,763 --> 00:10:34,199 And since few predators can cope with living in this salty world, 85 00:10:34,400 --> 00:10:38,063 they're unhassled and free to just soak up the sun. 86 00:10:57,523 --> 00:11:00,390 The shape of the coast has created a natural harbour - 87 00:11:00,926 --> 00:11:03,019 but on an Aussie scale. 88 00:11:03,195 --> 00:11:05,322 lnside is a place like no other. 89 00:11:05,798 --> 00:11:08,323 Meadows of sea-grass ripple over the seabed - 90 00:11:11,404 --> 00:11:15,568 these are the greatest underwater prairies on the planet. 91 00:11:23,849 --> 00:11:27,649 Grass can tough it out anywhere - even in salty water. 92 00:11:34,193 --> 00:11:35,922 ln fact, here it's perfect. 93 00:11:36,295 --> 00:11:39,423 The bay is calm, uniformly shallow, sunlit - 94 00:11:39,832 --> 00:11:43,268 and the sandy bottom is ideal for grass roots. 95 00:11:43,502 --> 00:11:45,800 So it's sea grass all the way. 96 00:11:49,341 --> 00:11:53,971 This lush, sunny grassland is the foundation of all life here. 97 00:12:06,826 --> 00:12:08,987 There's plenty of food for sea horses... 98 00:12:10,396 --> 00:12:14,457 ...and hiding places for the small and inexperienced. 99 00:12:17,503 --> 00:12:20,028 lt's the tiny animals living around the stalks, 100 00:12:20,139 --> 00:12:21,800 as much as the grass itself 101 00:12:22,041 --> 00:12:25,807 that offer such a good living to so many types of fish. 102 00:12:31,150 --> 00:12:32,742 Some look bizarre. 103 00:12:33,119 --> 00:12:36,646 The moth fish may seem over-designed, in its armour plating, 104 00:12:37,056 --> 00:12:39,524 but it has to careful of enemies. 105 00:12:44,663 --> 00:12:48,360 One bite from a venomous sea snake would be lethal. 106 00:13:03,382 --> 00:13:06,078 But these are the real monsters of Shark Bay. 107 00:13:06,519 --> 00:13:09,317 And they've spawned myths of giant proportions. 108 00:13:10,389 --> 00:13:13,222 Once upon a time, people thought they were mermaids. 109 00:13:17,897 --> 00:13:21,094 But it must have taken a desperate sailor to dream that one up. 110 00:13:23,102 --> 00:13:26,538 They're actually Dugongs, vegetarian sea-mammals, 111 00:13:27,573 --> 00:13:30,770 and there are over 1 0,000 of them in Shark bay. 112 00:13:30,976 --> 00:13:31,840 There might be even more 113 00:13:32,011 --> 00:13:35,174 if it weren't for the tiger sharks that give the bay its name. 114 00:13:37,783 --> 00:13:39,273 Babies stick close to Mum. 115 00:13:44,924 --> 00:13:49,361 They're sometimes called sea cows because they graze for eight hours a day. 116 00:13:50,462 --> 00:13:53,488 And they need a huge gut to digest all that grass. 117 00:13:54,400 --> 00:13:56,129 No wonder they look portly. 118 00:14:14,253 --> 00:14:17,279 Like all mammals they have to take a breath from time to time. 119 00:14:21,193 --> 00:14:24,287 No worries in sea rarely deeper than 1 0 metres. 120 00:14:27,833 --> 00:14:31,792 Thanks to the meadows of sea-grass they lead a sheltered and stately life. 121 00:14:36,642 --> 00:14:38,405 Without the unusual shape of the coast, 122 00:14:38,577 --> 00:14:44,243 Shark Bay would be a sandy wasteland; much like the desert that surrounds it. 123 00:14:46,185 --> 00:14:48,881 Up north there's another natural hot spot, 124 00:14:49,221 --> 00:14:52,452 but forged from a very different set of conditions. 125 00:14:52,758 --> 00:14:57,388 Every year Australia's Top End is battered by the tropical monsoon. 126 00:15:17,383 --> 00:15:21,046 The weather is wild and the currents are wicked. 127 00:15:36,035 --> 00:15:38,503 The ocean is funnelled violently through a bottleneck - 128 00:15:38,671 --> 00:15:42,607 the shallow straits between Australia and the islands of lndonesia. 129 00:15:44,843 --> 00:15:48,643 The resulting tidal bulge is the highest anywhere in the tropics... 130 00:15:48,948 --> 00:15:51,439 and it really stirs things up. 131 00:15:57,122 --> 00:16:00,785 At low tide, the sea drops a massive 1 2 metres, 132 00:16:01,060 --> 00:16:06,965 leaving the Top End of Australia as one vast steamy plain of mud and mangrove. 133 00:16:17,343 --> 00:16:20,744 The heavy monsoon rains have another vitalising effect - 134 00:16:21,246 --> 00:16:23,612 they flush out rich silt from the rivers, 135 00:16:24,049 --> 00:16:27,143 and the coastal plains get a thick layer of mud. 136 00:16:30,656 --> 00:16:33,090 These muddy flats ooze with life... 137 00:16:33,459 --> 00:16:37,259 and it's all desperate for cover now the tide's gone out. 138 00:16:42,735 --> 00:16:44,396 And here's why. 139 00:16:50,776 --> 00:16:54,303 But with only six hours of feeding time till the tide comes in again, 140 00:16:54,480 --> 00:17:00,749 mudskippers, golden ghost crabs and wading birds have to start in top gear. 141 00:17:09,828 --> 00:17:12,228 They're all desperate to get down to the water's edge, 142 00:17:12,398 --> 00:17:16,164 where the receding tide has exposed a slap up feast. 143 00:17:18,470 --> 00:17:22,133 A million migrating birds re-fuel by sifting the warm silt 144 00:17:22,307 --> 00:17:25,333 for worms, snails and shellfish. 145 00:17:33,952 --> 00:17:37,388 Some have travelled over 1 5 000 kilometres to feed here, 146 00:17:37,689 --> 00:17:41,284 because these are the richest tidal mud flats in the world. 147 00:17:45,297 --> 00:17:48,266 But like a gold rush, things can get lawless. 148 00:17:48,767 --> 00:17:51,099 Sanderlings aren't above a bit of daylight robbery. 149 00:18:08,754 --> 00:18:12,155 But the villains of the beach... are the seagulls. 150 00:18:24,670 --> 00:18:29,232 On an exposed mud flat it's impossible to keep your treasures to yourself. 151 00:18:33,612 --> 00:18:35,671 This sand eel is quite a prize. 152 00:19:05,544 --> 00:19:07,944 There's just no justice round here. 153 00:19:08,180 --> 00:19:12,446 And with the returning tide the crab has no time to make up for his loss. 154 00:19:29,067 --> 00:19:31,900 While crabs can dig in under the racing tide... 155 00:19:32,237 --> 00:19:36,298 waders have to cosy-up at the top of a shrinking beach. 156 00:19:51,456 --> 00:19:53,754 At high tide the sea is brimming again, 157 00:19:53,926 --> 00:19:56,520 and all you can see is a desert shore. 158 00:19:56,762 --> 00:19:59,287 But a few hours later the tide will recede, 159 00:19:59,631 --> 00:20:04,295 the mudflats revealed, and the action will start all over again. 160 00:20:10,309 --> 00:20:12,436 Northern Australia sits under the tropics. 161 00:20:12,811 --> 00:20:16,406 Like a massive generator it drives the climate of the land 162 00:20:16,915 --> 00:20:20,908 but it also has a powerful effect on Australia's seas. 163 00:20:24,323 --> 00:20:27,656 The Leeuwin current is a river of warm water from the north 164 00:20:27,926 --> 00:20:32,590 that pumps down the west coast working its way into the cooler seas of the south. 165 00:20:33,999 --> 00:20:38,265 lt brings a lick of tropical warmth, but it doesn't bring any nutrients. 166 00:20:38,437 --> 00:20:41,600 They've already been used up by other marine life. 167 00:20:50,649 --> 00:20:54,983 This warm, empty current snakes into the Great Australian Bight - 168 00:20:55,287 --> 00:20:58,882 the broad bay that arcs around Australia's southern side. 169 00:20:59,391 --> 00:21:02,326 These coastal seas should be heaving with life - 170 00:21:03,362 --> 00:21:05,990 as full of fish as the North Atlantic. 171 00:21:06,164 --> 00:21:11,033 The cliffs should be screaming with nesting sea birds. But they're not. 172 00:21:21,079 --> 00:21:23,570 The Leeuwin current drives a wedge of tepid water 173 00:21:23,749 --> 00:21:27,014 between the coast and the adjacent southern ocean. 174 00:21:30,055 --> 00:21:33,889 As a result the sea's as infertile as the land above. 175 00:21:35,961 --> 00:21:39,419 Only extreme animals can live down here. 176 00:21:42,000 --> 00:21:45,094 To find enough food this Australian sea lion 177 00:21:45,270 --> 00:21:49,730 has just returned from three days of long dives along the coast. 178 00:21:50,042 --> 00:21:52,738 By any seal standards that's a marathon... 179 00:21:57,015 --> 00:22:00,746 ...so on the last leg she deserves an easy ride in. 180 00:22:23,575 --> 00:22:27,875 She tells her pup she's back. lt's desperate for a feed. 181 00:22:33,185 --> 00:22:37,383 They can only live here because of the unconventional way they bring up the pups. 182 00:22:38,990 --> 00:22:40,890 These babies are huge! 183 00:22:41,126 --> 00:22:43,651 Other young seals would have been weaned long ago, 184 00:22:43,962 --> 00:22:47,898 but Australian sea-lion pups suckle for over a year and a half, 185 00:22:48,066 --> 00:22:50,864 way longer than their relatives. 186 00:22:53,071 --> 00:22:58,771 A good, fat start is the only way to go, for a life in impoverished seas. 187 00:23:02,314 --> 00:23:06,512 Even so Aussie sea lions live for just 1 2 years. 188 00:23:06,885 --> 00:23:10,082 lt's the shortest lifespan of any seal. 189 00:23:17,396 --> 00:23:19,296 When the mothers go back out to sea, 190 00:23:19,564 --> 00:23:22,761 the pups make the most of their extended childhood. 191 00:24:03,642 --> 00:24:04,666 A coastal lagoon - 192 00:24:04,843 --> 00:24:06,811 out of the reach of predatory sharks - 193 00:24:07,245 --> 00:24:09,770 is a safe place to try life in the water. 194 00:24:36,274 --> 00:24:39,903 These Aussie sea lions depend on their mothers for years. 195 00:24:40,178 --> 00:24:44,205 But they're not being pampered V they have to prepare for life on the edge. 196 00:24:44,683 --> 00:24:47,413 As adults they'll make record-breaking dives 197 00:24:47,586 --> 00:24:49,144 just to get enough to eat, 198 00:24:49,354 --> 00:24:52,517 so they need this time to develop stamina too. 199 00:24:53,592 --> 00:24:56,186 But it looks like they have a bit of fun along the way. 200 00:25:18,216 --> 00:25:21,708 ln these barren waters it's hard for anything to make a living. 201 00:25:22,254 --> 00:25:25,690 So what could possibly attract an animal the size of a whale? 202 00:25:27,792 --> 00:25:29,851 She's come here to have a baby. 203 00:25:30,161 --> 00:25:31,788 The warmth of the Leeuwin current 204 00:25:31,963 --> 00:25:35,455 has created a lovely whale-sized birthing pool. 205 00:25:42,374 --> 00:25:45,832 Southern Right whales spend most of the year in the sub-Antarctic, 206 00:25:46,444 --> 00:25:50,312 but the water's too cold and wild down there for a vulnerable baby. 207 00:25:51,216 --> 00:25:55,983 They come to the protected bays of the Australian Bight to rear their calves. 208 00:26:10,468 --> 00:26:15,735 But this is one hungry baby and it needs mother's milk to build up its strength. 209 00:26:19,945 --> 00:26:23,745 Breast-feeding is demanding - the baby could suck its mother dry. 210 00:26:24,316 --> 00:26:26,477 So what is she doing for food? 211 00:26:27,552 --> 00:26:29,349 She sorted that out months ago... 212 00:26:29,588 --> 00:26:32,056 by fattening up in the rich southern ocean. 213 00:26:32,524 --> 00:26:36,016 Over the summer she ate her way through two tonnes of krill a day. 214 00:26:44,903 --> 00:26:48,566 lt gave her enough energy to swim 2000 kilometres to Australia, 215 00:26:48,873 --> 00:26:51,569 give birth, produce thousands of litres of milk 216 00:26:53,211 --> 00:26:56,703 and then guide her calf back to the sub-Antarctic. 217 00:26:57,215 --> 00:26:59,445 All without taking another bite. 218 00:27:11,630 --> 00:27:16,260 Most animals, such as the Giant Cuttlefish, don't venture such distances. 219 00:27:23,241 --> 00:27:26,267 But they have to find food in these impoverished waters. 220 00:27:26,711 --> 00:27:29,145 Their favourite prey is thin on the ground, 221 00:27:29,414 --> 00:27:31,939 so they live and hunt alone. 222 00:27:38,490 --> 00:27:40,856 First they mesmerise their victim... 223 00:27:51,903 --> 00:27:53,461 ...then they take aim. 224 00:27:53,638 --> 00:27:56,539 lt must be like looking down the barrel of a gun. 225 00:28:06,918 --> 00:28:10,615 They're deadly accurate... but not so hot in reverse. 226 00:28:19,030 --> 00:28:21,464 Cuttlefish only get together in the autumn. 227 00:28:21,700 --> 00:28:23,793 The Great Australian Bight has rocky reefs, 228 00:28:23,968 --> 00:28:26,027 which are vital in the breeding season. 229 00:28:26,204 --> 00:28:29,537 And cuttles gather in their thousands to size each other up. 230 00:28:36,281 --> 00:28:38,681 Giant cuttlefish are the biggest of their kind. 231 00:28:39,017 --> 00:28:41,178 Males can grow over a metre long 232 00:28:41,419 --> 00:28:44,286 and they're the ones that command centre stage. 233 00:28:47,759 --> 00:28:49,750 There's lots of showing off. 234 00:28:49,961 --> 00:28:53,089 These flashy signals sort the men from the boys. 235 00:29:00,772 --> 00:29:02,637 Holding ground is everything. 236 00:29:02,941 --> 00:29:06,274 This big male wants to control a certain spot on the reef. 237 00:29:08,780 --> 00:29:12,045 lt's where the females will come to lay their eggs. 238 00:29:16,121 --> 00:29:18,055 Other males try to muscle-in. 239 00:29:36,174 --> 00:29:38,734 These upstarts don't seem to be getting the message, 240 00:29:38,943 --> 00:29:42,242 so the defending male throws his weight around a bit. 241 00:29:50,655 --> 00:29:52,316 The females are much daintier 242 00:29:52,690 --> 00:29:55,090 but they always search for the biggest male. 243 00:29:55,326 --> 00:29:58,124 He usually holds the key to the best egg chamber. 244 00:30:05,103 --> 00:30:08,698 After all the bravado, he shows his tender side. 245 00:30:31,329 --> 00:30:34,730 That's the romance out of the way, now it's back to guard duty. 246 00:30:35,633 --> 00:30:36,895 Rivals never give up, 247 00:30:37,068 --> 00:30:41,630 and the big male wants to make sure those are HlS babies under that rock! 248 00:30:51,015 --> 00:30:54,041 To the east of here, life in the sea goes up a gear. 249 00:30:57,021 --> 00:31:00,013 The warm Leeuwin current is running out of steam. 250 00:31:03,895 --> 00:31:07,831 And the cold Southern Ocean is beginning to take charge. 251 00:31:08,299 --> 00:31:12,827 This force from the south has chiselled out huge limestone stacks - 252 00:31:13,371 --> 00:31:17,967 the Twelve Apostles stand as if in reverence to the power of the sea. 253 00:31:23,047 --> 00:31:25,538 Here, off the southeast corner of Australia, 254 00:31:25,850 --> 00:31:30,048 these colder seas also start to shape life beneath the waves. 255 00:31:31,789 --> 00:31:32,551 lt's chilly, 256 00:31:32,724 --> 00:31:35,921 but it's paradise compared to the waters of the Bight. 257 00:31:40,131 --> 00:31:45,000 lt's as if the hand brake has finally been taken off and life can really motor. 258 00:31:45,470 --> 00:31:48,633 There are over a thousand different types of kelp alone. 259 00:31:57,749 --> 00:32:03,153 Forests of Giant Kelp grow at top speed in these ideal conditions. 260 00:32:06,024 --> 00:32:09,289 The Southern Ocean pumps in all the basic ingredients. 261 00:32:09,661 --> 00:32:12,459 With a good dose of sunlight, and the plentiful nutrients 262 00:32:12,630 --> 00:32:14,029 that you get in cool waters - 263 00:32:14,499 --> 00:32:18,265 these seaweed-trees can shoot up half a metre a day. 264 00:32:25,743 --> 00:32:28,007 Sometimes they reach 50 metres - 265 00:32:28,413 --> 00:32:31,041 taller than most of the trees on land. 266 00:32:41,025 --> 00:32:42,993 But it isn't just the luxuriant growth 267 00:32:43,161 --> 00:32:45,891 that makes this corner of the ocean so special. 268 00:32:46,264 --> 00:32:48,357 lt's the remoteness. 269 00:32:49,534 --> 00:32:51,263 lt's been remote for so long, 270 00:32:51,569 --> 00:32:55,562 that most of the plants and animals are found nowhere else on earth. 271 00:32:57,375 --> 00:32:59,434 Even by Australian standards 272 00:32:59,610 --> 00:33:03,376 this weedy sea dragon looks out of this world. 273 00:33:05,616 --> 00:33:08,050 Like the kangaroos and koalas on land, 274 00:33:08,486 --> 00:33:13,890 the animals in the sea have been caught up in their own evolutionary bubble. 275 00:33:20,131 --> 00:33:23,623 Gliding through the seaweed on its peculiar fins it proves 276 00:33:23,801 --> 00:33:26,429 that not all dragons are myths. 277 00:33:36,280 --> 00:33:40,273 The curious little handfish would rather walk than swim. 278 00:33:49,093 --> 00:33:52,529 lt uses its strange fins to stroll along the sea floor, 279 00:33:52,697 --> 00:33:56,326 saving tail power for when it's really needed. 280 00:34:04,842 --> 00:34:08,505 The leafy sea dragon has a dress code all its own. 281 00:34:08,746 --> 00:34:11,613 lt's modelled itself on the local seaweeds. 282 00:34:20,224 --> 00:34:22,624 These dragons are nearly half a metre long - 283 00:34:22,994 --> 00:34:25,019 but they easily go un-noticed. 284 00:34:25,196 --> 00:34:29,428 This outrageous fashion statement is the perfect camouflage. 285 00:34:40,611 --> 00:34:43,136 And these are not your typical Aussie males. 286 00:34:43,448 --> 00:34:47,782 With sea dragons, it's the fathers that carry the eggs. 287 00:34:51,856 --> 00:34:55,155 He makes quite sure that the offspring don't drift off. 288 00:34:55,326 --> 00:34:56,088 lt's crucial - 289 00:34:56,260 --> 00:34:58,091 they must hatch out, and grow up, 290 00:34:58,262 --> 00:35:00,992 against this same matching background. 291 00:35:01,165 --> 00:35:03,531 They'd stick out like a sore thumb anywhere else, 292 00:35:03,901 --> 00:35:07,428 so they're trapped forever in this corner of Australia. 293 00:35:11,075 --> 00:35:13,100 Other residents are more cosmopolitan - 294 00:35:13,911 --> 00:35:16,471 they're not so tied to this strange place. 295 00:35:16,981 --> 00:35:21,213 ln fact some make every effort to get their offspring out of here. 296 00:35:24,589 --> 00:35:26,750 And the ocean currents will help. 297 00:35:29,861 --> 00:35:34,389 After sundown a female lobster sets out across the reef. 298 00:35:36,901 --> 00:35:40,894 Under her tail is a precious cargo of tiny larvae. 299 00:35:45,810 --> 00:35:50,247 She's looking for the highest point on the reef to send them on their way. 300 00:35:54,585 --> 00:35:57,076 The top spot is always the most popular. 301 00:35:57,255 --> 00:36:00,782 But once all the females are in position they wait. 302 00:36:04,829 --> 00:36:07,821 There are fewer predators around in the hour before dawn. 303 00:36:08,032 --> 00:36:11,524 So only then do they cast off their brood. 304 00:36:41,599 --> 00:36:44,534 The water's more turbulent up here at the top of the reef... 305 00:36:44,769 --> 00:36:46,794 so it's hard to hold a handstand! 306 00:36:55,079 --> 00:36:57,547 With this odd and elegant way of giving birth, 307 00:36:57,882 --> 00:37:00,316 lobsters have colonised the oceans. 308 00:37:11,729 --> 00:37:15,893 The lucky ones get sucked into the powerful Southern Ocean Current. 309 00:37:16,100 --> 00:37:18,261 lt only clips the corner of Australia - 310 00:37:18,502 --> 00:37:21,232 so its effects largely pass the country by. 311 00:37:21,639 --> 00:37:23,937 But it hits New Zealand square on, 312 00:37:25,243 --> 00:37:28,212 so there its impact is stronger. 313 00:37:34,285 --> 00:37:37,379 New Zealand and Australia used to be joined together. 314 00:37:37,955 --> 00:37:40,549 But they drifted apart millions of years ago, 315 00:37:40,891 --> 00:37:43,416 and now their seas are very different. 316 00:37:52,970 --> 00:37:54,494 The waters around New Zealand 317 00:37:54,672 --> 00:37:58,108 are topped up by nutrients washed from this fertile land. 318 00:37:58,276 --> 00:38:01,541 So they're richer and support more life. 319 00:38:05,149 --> 00:38:07,674 Like this massive colony of gannets. 320 00:38:21,365 --> 00:38:25,165 Each summer 8,000 pairs will raise a family here. 321 00:38:28,773 --> 00:38:31,970 And it's all based on the fabulous fisheries of pilchards, 322 00:38:32,143 --> 00:38:35,544 anchovies and jack mackerel in the surrounding sea. 323 00:38:46,724 --> 00:38:48,453 They have to pinpoint the catch. 324 00:38:49,026 --> 00:38:52,655 But once they get their bearings, each hit is a bull's-eye. 325 00:39:06,043 --> 00:39:09,945 Gannets slice into the water at 1 50 kilometres an hour - 326 00:39:10,247 --> 00:39:14,183 which means they can score fish ten metres below the surface. 327 00:39:14,352 --> 00:39:19,085 lf the fish go deeper, the gannets just wait for the arrival of the backup squad. 328 00:39:23,894 --> 00:39:26,488 Common dolphins harass the sardines from below, 329 00:39:26,664 --> 00:39:28,632 pinning them up against the surface. 330 00:39:36,173 --> 00:39:38,505 And that puts them back into gannet-range. 331 00:40:02,867 --> 00:40:06,564 Although these numbers are impressive, gannets are citizens of the world. 332 00:40:06,971 --> 00:40:11,169 After all, you can see the same spectacle in British waters. 333 00:40:12,209 --> 00:40:15,940 But New Zealand has been sitting out on its own for a very long time. 334 00:40:16,380 --> 00:40:20,407 And it has some wildlife wonders that are truly unique. 335 00:40:22,987 --> 00:40:27,117 Hector's dolphins are only found around the New Zealand coast. 336 00:40:33,964 --> 00:40:35,090 They're also tiny. 337 00:40:35,466 --> 00:40:39,596 At just over a metre long they're the miniatures of the dolphin world. 338 00:40:41,872 --> 00:40:45,000 They spend all their lives in the shallow water near the beach. 339 00:40:46,911 --> 00:40:51,439 Further out they'd be a mere snack for a shark or killer whale. 340 00:40:54,351 --> 00:40:56,444 But they don't need to go anywhere. 341 00:40:56,854 --> 00:41:01,814 The bountiful southern ocean brings a total lifestyle package right to the door. 342 00:41:50,541 --> 00:41:52,202 The huge swell is a reminder 343 00:41:52,376 --> 00:41:56,278 that New Zealand's southern tip is in the firing line of the coldest, 344 00:41:56,480 --> 00:41:58,311 wildest ocean in the world. 345 00:42:11,428 --> 00:42:14,363 lt's one of the most fertile seas on earth, 346 00:42:14,598 --> 00:42:19,058 but sea birds can't breed out here - they need land. 347 00:42:26,944 --> 00:42:29,469 The Snares islands are the last specks of rock 348 00:42:29,647 --> 00:42:32,275 connected to the Australian continental shelf. 349 00:42:32,550 --> 00:42:36,077 Sure ground in the midst of a full-throttle ocean. 350 00:42:46,730 --> 00:42:50,257 ln the great sweep of open sea between Australia and Antarctica, 351 00:42:50,434 --> 00:42:53,835 Snares Crested Penguins have no shortage of food. 352 00:42:54,138 --> 00:42:56,368 lt's dry land that's at a premium. 353 00:43:11,956 --> 00:43:12,547 Every summer 354 00:43:12,723 --> 00:43:16,386 the waters around these isolated islands swarm with penguins. 355 00:43:16,694 --> 00:43:19,822 They're gathering to get the next generation underway. 356 00:43:24,935 --> 00:43:27,335 The Snares lslands are the only rocks around 357 00:43:27,504 --> 00:43:29,870 where these birds can raise their young. 358 00:43:30,207 --> 00:43:33,973 Twice a day the adults have to return to the nests to feed their chicks, 359 00:43:34,278 --> 00:43:37,247 and they have to run the gauntlet of pirates. 360 00:43:48,092 --> 00:43:51,892 Fifty metres out, the returning penguins raft together on the surface, 361 00:43:52,096 --> 00:43:56,089 until sheer numbers give them the confidence to make a dive for shore. 362 00:44:01,905 --> 00:44:04,703 ln the melee, head-ons can't be avoided. 363 00:44:08,512 --> 00:44:12,972 Under the water, penguins are just too nippy for Hookers sea lions. 364 00:44:15,386 --> 00:44:19,254 This one's probably on the lookout for a weak or injured bird. 365 00:44:32,803 --> 00:44:36,295 Fit penguins have no trouble covering the last stretch of open water. 366 00:44:39,810 --> 00:44:41,437 Landing is trickier. 367 00:44:41,612 --> 00:44:44,103 But these birds are fearless. 368 00:45:16,680 --> 00:45:19,080 Snares Penguins have to be sure-footed. 369 00:45:19,349 --> 00:45:22,807 Their twice-daily commute includes a sheer wall of granite. 370 00:45:29,026 --> 00:45:31,392 Penguins may not be the most elegant climbers 371 00:45:31,562 --> 00:45:35,430 but with their low centre of gravity, strong claws and sheer doggedness, 372 00:45:35,599 --> 00:45:37,567 they get there in the end. 373 00:45:46,610 --> 00:45:51,070 At the top there's the rush-hour traffic and muddy forest trails to negotiate... 374 00:45:57,955 --> 00:46:02,153 Then they have to pinpoint the calls of their own out of the colonial din. 375 00:46:04,061 --> 00:46:06,928 Only then can mum and dad bring home the bacon... 376 00:46:07,164 --> 00:46:10,361 or in this case regurgitated squid. 377 00:46:21,044 --> 00:46:25,743 Two months and two tired parents later, the chicks are ready for the sea. 378 00:46:28,118 --> 00:46:31,747 The journey begins enthusiastically, as they all head for the water. 379 00:46:35,392 --> 00:46:38,020 But it takes a while to find your feet. 380 00:46:55,913 --> 00:46:58,905 Maybe it's better to give it just a few more minutes... 381 00:47:02,319 --> 00:47:05,618 Snares Penguins are just one of the many resilient animals 382 00:47:05,823 --> 00:47:09,452 that have risen above the challenges in these southern seas. 383 00:47:13,096 --> 00:47:16,395 These tough little birds have to overcome one more obstacle. 384 00:47:16,767 --> 00:47:20,635 Getting into the water is a triumph of substance over style! 385 00:47:50,400 --> 00:47:54,029 Desert waters, tricky currents and sheer isolation 386 00:47:54,404 --> 00:47:58,170 have all helped shape the diversity of marine life down under. 387 00:48:01,745 --> 00:48:05,078 These are waters filled with surprises and delights. 388 00:48:05,315 --> 00:48:11,151 Hardship has simply brought out the best in the strange Southern Seas. 389 00:48:12,151 --> 00:48:22,151 Downloaded From www.AllSubs.org 35035

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