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Imagine you're at the movies.
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MY JOURNEY
THROUGH FRENCH CINEMA
3
00:00:46,376 --> 00:00:50,084
FORGOTTEN FILMMAKERS
4
00:00:50,251 --> 00:00:53,001
Nearly all the directors
in this episode,
5
00:00:53,168 --> 00:00:54,876
all these forgotten names,
6
00:00:55,043 --> 00:01:00,376
had huge box office successes
and enjoyed prestige as well.
7
00:01:00,543 --> 00:01:04,668
And then they virtually disappeared
from collective memory.
8
00:01:04,834 --> 00:01:08,043
They were erased, eradicated.
9
00:01:08,209 --> 00:01:10,501
Lack of attention from the critics,
10
00:01:10,668 --> 00:01:13,876
lack of interest
in the types of movies they made,
11
00:01:14,043 --> 00:01:17,251
a change in fashion, in sensibility,
12
00:01:17,418 --> 00:01:19,668
disappointing late careers.
13
00:01:20,168 --> 00:01:23,918
One man in the late 1970s
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00:01:24,084 --> 00:01:26,668
championed at least three
of these directors.
15
00:01:26,834 --> 00:01:30,293
That was Patrick Brion,
in his legendary Cinéma de Minuit,
16
00:01:30,459 --> 00:01:34,709
the only one to program,
to have restored
17
00:01:34,876 --> 00:01:37,126
and to defend films
by Raymond Bernard,
18
00:01:37,293 --> 00:01:39,709
Maurice Tourneur and Anatole Litvak.
19
00:01:40,918 --> 00:01:45,751
Very early on, I was interested
in films by some of these directors.
20
00:01:46,084 --> 00:01:50,959
I would discover the very brilliant,
very immoral and very incisive
21
00:01:51,709 --> 00:01:53,168
With a Smile,
22
00:01:53,334 --> 00:01:56,793
the portrait of a cynical
and wheedling opportunist
23
00:01:56,959 --> 00:01:59,501
who stops at nothing
24
00:01:59,668 --> 00:02:03,043
- blackmail, betrayal, lies -
to get what he wants.
25
00:02:03,584 --> 00:02:05,876
Why that's terrible, Mr. Ledru.
26
00:02:06,043 --> 00:02:08,501
So you believe my wife is cheating?
27
00:02:09,543 --> 00:02:10,709
What?
28
00:02:11,126 --> 00:02:12,709
You didn't know?
29
00:02:13,376 --> 00:02:15,959
I'm so very sorry, Mr. Albert.
30
00:02:17,209 --> 00:02:19,418
I think I've committed a blunder.
31
00:02:20,001 --> 00:02:21,876
So who's criticizing me?
32
00:02:22,043 --> 00:02:25,126
Dear me, sir,
I'm not an informer.
33
00:02:25,543 --> 00:02:27,626
And it's someone
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00:02:27,793 --> 00:02:29,334
so close to you
35
00:02:30,168 --> 00:02:33,501
that your immediate associate,
36
00:02:33,918 --> 00:02:35,959
the person you trust the most...
37
00:02:36,126 --> 00:02:37,001
Bruzin?
38
00:02:37,334 --> 00:02:39,251
That hypocrite, that snake.
39
00:02:40,293 --> 00:02:42,459
He won't be around long.
40
00:02:43,501 --> 00:02:46,168
That will make Suzy Dorfeuil unhappy.
41
00:02:47,084 --> 00:02:49,293
Why? He's her lover?
42
00:02:50,084 --> 00:02:51,626
Didn't you know?
43
00:02:52,168 --> 00:02:55,376
He even goes after
the Fine Arts School director,
44
00:02:55,543 --> 00:02:58,918
blackmailing him by making him think
45
00:02:59,084 --> 00:03:01,543
he knows secrets about his wife.
46
00:03:01,709 --> 00:03:02,709
Her mugshot?
47
00:03:03,959 --> 00:03:04,918
That's it.
48
00:03:05,418 --> 00:03:07,918
Filed under the name of Miss...
49
00:03:08,084 --> 00:03:09,376
Go on, say it.
50
00:03:09,543 --> 00:03:12,251
Emma Piedoux, alias The Tireless.
51
00:03:13,043 --> 00:03:16,876
Her maiden name.
I'd have never dared utter it.
52
00:03:17,418 --> 00:03:18,793
Mr. Larmois,
53
00:03:18,959 --> 00:03:21,459
burn the record
and I'll pay 100,000 francs.
54
00:03:21,626 --> 00:03:24,168
No, I want the Opera.
55
00:03:24,334 --> 00:03:25,626
You're obsessed.
56
00:03:26,126 --> 00:03:27,126
Very well.
57
00:03:27,876 --> 00:03:30,001
Four nice little 100-franc notes.
58
00:03:30,168 --> 00:03:34,418
The film's particular originality,
as Jacques Lourcelles notes,
59
00:03:34,584 --> 00:03:36,334
is that instead of being dark,
60
00:03:36,501 --> 00:03:39,334
it is light-hearted,
charming and insidious,
61
00:03:39,501 --> 00:03:43,001
double-faced like its hero's smile.
62
00:03:43,168 --> 00:03:46,709
My capital is very small
63
00:03:47,209 --> 00:03:50,626
I'm a Croesus in sandals
64
00:03:51,418 --> 00:03:54,626
But there's a feeling inside me
65
00:03:55,126 --> 00:03:58,209
This money will be multiplying
66
00:03:58,376 --> 00:04:00,834
The clever,
original tone was credited
67
00:04:01,001 --> 00:04:04,918
to dramatist Louis Verneuil,
author of My Cousin from Warsaw
68
00:04:05,084 --> 00:04:08,709
and the play that inspired
Hitchcock's I Confess.
69
00:04:08,876 --> 00:04:12,334
But Christine Leteux,
in her book on Maurice Tourneur,
70
00:04:12,501 --> 00:04:17,293
informs us that Verneuil
only wrote a few paragraphs.
71
00:04:17,459 --> 00:04:21,459
Tired of waiting,
Tourneur had contacted Carlo Rim,
72
00:04:21,626 --> 00:04:24,793
and asked him to write
the screenplay and dialogue.
73
00:04:24,959 --> 00:04:27,334
He is the one who finally wrote it.
74
00:04:27,918 --> 00:04:29,084
Carlo Rim,
75
00:04:29,251 --> 00:04:31,126
who wrote
the screenplay.
76
00:04:33,793 --> 00:04:37,418
And here is Maurice Tourneur,
the director.
77
00:04:39,793 --> 00:04:42,001
The equally remarkable
Justin de Marseille,
78
00:04:42,168 --> 00:04:44,376
again written by Carlo Rim,
79
00:04:44,543 --> 00:04:48,043
is an original blend
of Marseille comedy,
80
00:04:48,209 --> 00:04:52,251
neo-realist moments,
exotic scenes,
81
00:04:52,418 --> 00:04:53,459
and film noir
82
00:04:53,626 --> 00:04:55,876
against a backdrop
of drug trafficking.
83
00:04:56,959 --> 00:04:59,459
- Justin, good fresh fish!
- Thanks, no time.
84
00:04:59,626 --> 00:05:01,126
The finest.
85
00:05:01,293 --> 00:05:03,751
Doesn't Justin look fine today!
86
00:05:04,668 --> 00:05:06,043
Nice tie!
87
00:05:07,251 --> 00:05:09,334
Look at her eyes.
88
00:05:09,501 --> 00:05:12,918
A mobster who no longer
respects the mob is done for!
89
00:05:13,084 --> 00:05:14,668
You hear me?
90
00:05:14,834 --> 00:05:16,709
Would you shut up!
91
00:05:16,876 --> 00:05:19,126
It's full of unusual touches,
92
00:05:19,293 --> 00:05:23,001
like this black pimp
who meets a violent death.
93
00:05:36,084 --> 00:05:38,209
Or this shoot-out with police
94
00:05:38,376 --> 00:05:41,459
that ends in a very Scorsese-like
tracking shot.
95
00:06:02,459 --> 00:06:04,251
The tone changes constantly,
96
00:06:04,418 --> 00:06:08,876
switching from a murder filmed
American-style to a comical touch...
97
00:06:10,793 --> 00:06:13,834
- Oh boy!
- He sure runs fast.
98
00:06:14,209 --> 00:06:16,126
to a hilarious scene...
99
00:06:21,168 --> 00:06:23,126
No time to lose.
100
00:06:23,293 --> 00:06:26,001
I'm chasing crooks
and I'm running on empty.
101
00:06:27,293 --> 00:06:30,418
In this heat, I pity you, officer.
102
00:06:30,876 --> 00:06:33,334
But duty is duty, right?
103
00:06:35,876 --> 00:06:37,251
Say, officer,
104
00:06:37,418 --> 00:06:40,126
how 'bout a drink while you wait?
105
00:06:40,584 --> 00:06:43,501
I won't say no, but a quick one.
106
00:06:43,668 --> 00:06:46,668
I'll tell you about the case.
It's like in the movies.
107
00:06:46,834 --> 00:06:48,584
Or this memorable family scene...
108
00:06:49,293 --> 00:06:51,709
If they do,
he knows how to respond.
109
00:06:52,168 --> 00:06:55,418
Justin has men
to enforce his will. And fists.
110
00:06:55,584 --> 00:06:57,584
- If that Italian keeps it up...
- Shut up!
111
00:06:57,751 --> 00:06:59,709
I want to be left alone, Mama!
112
00:06:59,876 --> 00:07:02,834
- Would you shut up!
- Only if I want to, dammit!
113
00:07:07,209 --> 00:07:10,793
Forgive me, Mama.
I'm a bit on edge today, you know.
114
00:07:10,959 --> 00:07:12,168
I know.
115
00:07:15,043 --> 00:07:18,334
Another great Tourneur film,
Au Nom de la loi,
116
00:07:18,501 --> 00:07:21,334
is striking
in its documentary precision:
117
00:07:21,584 --> 00:07:23,543
these location shots,
118
00:07:23,709 --> 00:07:26,751
the discovery of a corpse
in the river.
119
00:07:44,001 --> 00:07:45,668
Poor Clamart.
120
00:07:46,001 --> 00:07:47,709
It was bound to happen.
121
00:07:48,376 --> 00:07:50,918
He took a bullet
in the back of the head.
122
00:07:58,001 --> 00:08:00,043
I'll get the one who did it.
123
00:08:01,001 --> 00:08:03,793
The film
is full of documentary touches:
124
00:08:03,959 --> 00:08:06,584
There were no women
in the police then,
125
00:08:06,751 --> 00:08:09,251
so it's the concierge
at police headquarters
126
00:08:09,418 --> 00:08:11,834
who does the body searches.
127
00:08:22,709 --> 00:08:23,543
There!
128
00:08:36,584 --> 00:08:38,084
Grab his gun!
129
00:08:46,668 --> 00:08:49,001
That scene is realistic.
130
00:08:49,168 --> 00:08:52,543
They really come to blows.
131
00:08:52,709 --> 00:08:54,709
But above all,
132
00:08:54,876 --> 00:08:57,459
they bring the suspect back alive.
133
00:08:57,709 --> 00:08:59,334
You've got no evidence.
134
00:08:59,501 --> 00:09:03,126
You almost killed an inspector.
You're good for the penal colony.
135
00:09:03,293 --> 00:09:05,668
Go on, talk,
you're done for.
136
00:09:05,834 --> 00:09:07,751
It's not the colony,
it's the guillotine.
137
00:09:07,918 --> 00:09:09,834
You killed Clamart.
138
00:09:10,001 --> 00:09:12,793
It wasn't me.
I swear it wasn't me.
139
00:09:13,626 --> 00:09:17,626
There's a strong-arm interrogation
scene with Gabriel Gabrio,
140
00:09:18,334 --> 00:09:21,626
suddenly interrupted
by a meal being served.
141
00:09:22,584 --> 00:09:25,126
It gave the expression
"sit down for dinner,"
142
00:09:25,293 --> 00:09:26,876
i.e. "Spill the beans."
143
00:09:27,043 --> 00:09:30,334
What's funny
is that crooks say it, too.
144
00:09:30,501 --> 00:09:32,834
They "sit down for dinner, "
spill the beans.
145
00:09:33,001 --> 00:09:36,668
Ritually, it seems crazy.
It's incredible folklore.
146
00:09:36,834 --> 00:09:39,584
When they confessed,
they sat down for dinner.
147
00:09:40,001 --> 00:09:41,126
Amédée.
148
00:09:43,918 --> 00:09:44,876
Drink this.
149
00:09:48,001 --> 00:09:49,959
The taxi driver didn't talk.
150
00:09:50,126 --> 00:09:51,501
I don't think he did.
151
00:09:51,668 --> 00:09:55,084
But then Vanel
offers him a glass of wine,
152
00:09:55,251 --> 00:09:57,543
and the look the two men exchange
153
00:09:57,709 --> 00:09:59,626
is quite amazing.
154
00:10:07,709 --> 00:10:08,876
Thanks.
155
00:10:11,126 --> 00:10:12,168
Come on.
156
00:10:14,459 --> 00:10:16,501
I'll get you, you know.
157
00:10:16,876 --> 00:10:18,793
Jean Gabin told me that back then
158
00:10:18,959 --> 00:10:22,293
shooting could last
10, 12, even 15 hours
159
00:10:22,459 --> 00:10:25,001
according to the producers' wishes.
160
00:10:25,168 --> 00:10:27,543
And he added
- I can still hear his voice -
161
00:10:27,709 --> 00:10:30,626
"They paid us in wax beans."
162
00:10:30,793 --> 00:10:32,793
I'd asked him about Jacques.
163
00:10:32,959 --> 00:10:36,501
But he preferred to talk about
his father Maurice, saying
164
00:10:36,668 --> 00:10:39,626
"He was the first director
165
00:10:39,793 --> 00:10:42,251
"to impose set hours,
166
00:10:42,418 --> 00:10:46,001
"who stopped at 7:30 or 8 p.m.
167
00:10:46,168 --> 00:10:47,918
"whatever we were shooting.
168
00:10:48,084 --> 00:10:52,876
"And then Tourneur would say,
Now boys, make me laugh.
169
00:10:53,043 --> 00:10:55,168
"But he never laughed."
170
00:10:55,334 --> 00:10:57,293
Isn't there enough to do
at the squadron?
171
00:10:57,876 --> 00:10:59,584
I don't have time, sir.
172
00:10:59,918 --> 00:11:01,043
Why not?
173
00:11:01,209 --> 00:11:03,334
I'm always in prison,
so I can't go.
174
00:11:03,501 --> 00:11:05,251
I can't resist
showing some shots
175
00:11:05,418 --> 00:11:07,001
from Gaîtés de l'escadron.
176
00:11:07,168 --> 00:11:10,668
The film contrasts with
the coarse vaudevilles popular then,
177
00:11:10,834 --> 00:11:13,168
like Le Tampon du capiston.
178
00:11:13,334 --> 00:11:16,251
First because it's not a vaudeville
179
00:11:16,418 --> 00:11:20,084
but a satire of military life
180
00:11:20,251 --> 00:11:22,251
that's quite faithful to Courteline.
181
00:11:22,418 --> 00:11:24,876
There's no plot per se,
182
00:11:25,043 --> 00:11:27,668
no sudden developments,
no mistaken identity,
183
00:11:27,834 --> 00:11:32,001
just a series of little incidents
that Tourneur films
184
00:11:32,168 --> 00:11:33,793
with a slightly
185
00:11:34,001 --> 00:11:35,668
amused distance.
186
00:11:35,834 --> 00:11:37,584
- I'm too kind.
- But sir...
187
00:11:37,751 --> 00:11:40,209
Everybody makes
a monkey out of me.
188
00:11:40,376 --> 00:11:42,043
But they won't get away with it.
189
00:11:42,209 --> 00:11:44,168
Things are going to change!
190
00:11:44,876 --> 00:11:46,918
Smoking?
Making a fool of me, too?
191
00:11:47,084 --> 00:11:48,501
Give me a light.
192
00:11:48,668 --> 00:11:51,293
Raimu portrays the ultimate Hurluret.
193
00:11:51,459 --> 00:11:53,459
I'm too nice.
194
00:12:03,084 --> 00:12:06,668
Some stencil colored shots
that have been restored
195
00:12:06,834 --> 00:12:08,168
are marvelous.
196
00:12:15,334 --> 00:12:17,001
When you're a prisoner,
197
00:12:17,168 --> 00:12:19,543
the best chore is cleanup detail.
198
00:12:20,501 --> 00:12:23,168
So when's it finished?
199
00:12:23,918 --> 00:12:25,626
When there's no more dirt.
200
00:12:26,626 --> 00:12:28,709
With this, there's always dirt.
201
00:12:35,584 --> 00:12:36,418
Fooled you!
202
00:12:36,584 --> 00:12:40,001
You rascals sure have tricks.
203
00:12:41,293 --> 00:12:44,668
Dimwit!
You almost knocked me down!
204
00:12:46,126 --> 00:12:50,334
Unable to work after a car accident
in which he lost both legs,
205
00:12:50,501 --> 00:12:52,793
he translated thrillers.
206
00:12:52,959 --> 00:12:57,043
No one was interested in him
except Jean Mitry.
207
00:12:57,209 --> 00:12:59,668
But he had help,
writes Christine Leteux,
208
00:12:59,834 --> 00:13:02,501
from his former assistant,
Clarence Brown,
209
00:13:03,209 --> 00:13:06,293
who had become
an important director.
210
00:13:06,459 --> 00:13:10,001
Appalled to see him
in such dire straits,
211
00:13:10,168 --> 00:13:12,251
Brown offered his support
212
00:13:12,418 --> 00:13:14,793
to this man whose work
213
00:13:15,376 --> 00:13:18,543
had had as much influence
as Griffith's.
214
00:13:21,084 --> 00:13:22,876
As for Anatole Litvak,
215
00:13:23,043 --> 00:13:26,584
Pierre Rissient and I both regret
216
00:13:26,751 --> 00:13:28,543
to have passed him over,
217
00:13:28,709 --> 00:13:31,668
to have never tried to meet him.
218
00:13:31,834 --> 00:13:33,043
This Russian émigré
219
00:13:33,209 --> 00:13:35,043
who'd worked in many countries:
220
00:13:35,209 --> 00:13:36,043
Russia,
221
00:13:36,209 --> 00:13:38,418
Germany, which he left very early,
222
00:13:38,584 --> 00:13:40,376
France, the United States,
223
00:13:40,543 --> 00:13:44,168
was apparently generous,
warm and welcoming.
224
00:13:44,334 --> 00:13:48,543
Admittedly, we were influenced
by the tone of other critics.
225
00:13:48,709 --> 00:13:52,793
It's a very French habit to defend
one director against another.
226
00:13:52,959 --> 00:13:55,334
We defended Preminger
- that was fine -
227
00:13:55,501 --> 00:13:57,709
against Litvak, who had made
228
00:13:57,876 --> 00:14:00,293
several outmoded,
disappointing films.
229
00:14:00,459 --> 00:14:05,251
As a result, we passed over
a no doubt fascinating figure,
230
00:14:05,418 --> 00:14:09,793
a director who shot
the first anti-Nazi film in the US,
231
00:14:09,959 --> 00:14:12,543
and several good films
such as City for Conquest,
232
00:14:12,709 --> 00:14:14,584
Sorry, Wrong Number,
233
00:14:15,209 --> 00:14:18,459
and especially, Decision before Dawn,
showing the twilight
234
00:14:18,626 --> 00:14:21,709
of Nazi Germany on the brink.
235
00:14:21,876 --> 00:14:26,376
Even his remake of Le Jour se lève,
- The Long Night -
236
00:14:26,543 --> 00:14:28,751
deserves better than what was said.
237
00:14:28,918 --> 00:14:33,293
And he played an essential role
in making the documentary series
238
00:14:33,459 --> 00:14:35,543
Why We Fight.
239
00:14:35,709 --> 00:14:39,168
People like Carl Foreman
and Budd Schulberg told us
240
00:14:39,334 --> 00:14:42,043
that he'd been the conscience
of those films.
241
00:14:42,209 --> 00:14:46,001
He'd been the brains,
and his intellectual role
242
00:14:46,168 --> 00:14:49,376
had been much greater than Capra's.
243
00:14:49,793 --> 00:14:52,001
And all the films he made in the US
244
00:14:52,168 --> 00:14:54,793
- most of them in any case -
245
00:14:54,959 --> 00:14:59,751
were written by communist
or very progressive screenwriters.
246
00:14:59,918 --> 00:15:04,626
It's no accident that he left the US
247
00:15:04,793 --> 00:15:06,626
in the late 1940s,
248
00:15:06,793 --> 00:15:09,543
when McCarthyism was on the rise
249
00:15:09,709 --> 00:15:12,043
and the witch-hunt had begun.
250
00:15:12,209 --> 00:15:15,793
I'm sure he could have told us
much about all that.
251
00:15:18,959 --> 00:15:22,959
The first revelation
came when I saw Lilac.
252
00:15:32,668 --> 00:15:36,293
The highly inventive mise en scene
plays with sound
253
00:15:36,459 --> 00:15:39,459
as brilliantly as Renoir
in La Chienne.
254
00:15:39,626 --> 00:15:41,709
Look at these location dolly shots.
255
00:15:41,876 --> 00:15:44,709
The choreography of various marches
256
00:15:44,876 --> 00:15:47,209
that end with a brilliant scene:
257
00:15:47,376 --> 00:15:49,918
the discovery of a corpse.
258
00:16:05,209 --> 00:16:06,959
Look at that guy!
259
00:16:22,918 --> 00:16:25,793
There's a guy in the grass.
260
00:16:25,959 --> 00:16:27,376
His head's all bloody.
261
00:16:27,543 --> 00:16:28,834
He's certainly dead.
262
00:16:34,001 --> 00:16:36,209
I thought you were a cop.
263
00:16:36,376 --> 00:16:38,376
Lilac masterfully juxtaposes
264
00:16:38,584 --> 00:16:40,293
very different genres and tones.
265
00:16:42,918 --> 00:16:43,918
Your papers.
266
00:16:44,709 --> 00:16:48,501
A police investigation
with an undercover cop...
267
00:17:01,751 --> 00:17:03,084
Alright.
268
00:17:08,501 --> 00:17:12,501
Sentimental moments reminiscent
of Frank Borzage's masterpieces...
269
00:17:12,668 --> 00:17:14,876
Still not getting off?
270
00:17:15,251 --> 00:17:18,084
You seem to like my car.
271
00:17:21,376 --> 00:17:23,876
Once more to the end of the line.
272
00:17:24,043 --> 00:17:25,959
Still 6 francs.
273
00:17:31,584 --> 00:17:32,626
Or comic moments
274
00:17:32,834 --> 00:17:34,418
like Fernandel's song...
275
00:17:34,584 --> 00:17:37,834
Don't cry
if the bride's too pretty
276
00:17:38,001 --> 00:17:39,418
If she's got many charms
277
00:17:39,793 --> 00:17:41,084
Don't cry
278
00:17:41,251 --> 00:17:44,418
Don't cry if she's in other arms
279
00:17:44,584 --> 00:17:45,834
If she's stolen away
280
00:17:46,418 --> 00:17:47,751
Don't cry
281
00:17:48,084 --> 00:17:50,834
Shouldn't have chosen the envy of all
282
00:17:51,418 --> 00:17:54,376
An ugly one would be all yours
283
00:17:54,793 --> 00:17:57,626
Don't cry if the bride's too pretty
284
00:17:57,793 --> 00:17:59,251
If she's got many charms
285
00:17:59,626 --> 00:18:01,126
Don't cry
286
00:18:08,084 --> 00:18:10,876
The film turns its back
on many clichés,
287
00:18:11,043 --> 00:18:14,293
as in this fight scene
relegated off screen...
288
00:18:24,126 --> 00:18:26,293
We'll leave you
to your happiness.
289
00:18:26,459 --> 00:18:29,543
Or this final scene,
a breakup
290
00:18:29,709 --> 00:18:32,334
constantly interrupted
by a wedding party...
291
00:18:38,668 --> 00:18:40,543
I thought that through you...
292
00:18:40,709 --> 00:18:42,168
And you figured,
I did it.
293
00:18:42,626 --> 00:18:44,543
Lilac, listen. I'm telling you...
294
00:18:44,709 --> 00:18:47,293
I don't believe you! Not anymore.
295
00:18:48,126 --> 00:18:50,084
You've told me nothing but lies.
296
00:18:50,251 --> 00:18:53,793
You said you loved me.
It was a lie to make me confess.
297
00:18:53,959 --> 00:18:55,043
Well, I confess.
298
00:18:55,376 --> 00:18:56,668
I killed Loriot.
299
00:18:59,084 --> 00:19:02,376
What are you waiting for
to collect your bonus?
300
00:19:04,543 --> 00:19:06,209
Now what?
301
00:19:07,043 --> 00:19:08,668
Long camera movements
302
00:19:08,834 --> 00:19:11,834
and long takes
were Litvak's trademark,
303
00:19:12,001 --> 00:19:13,876
as here,
right from the opening scene
304
00:19:14,043 --> 00:19:16,084
of Cette vieille canaille...
305
00:19:52,168 --> 00:19:54,459
You came. You kept your word.
306
00:19:54,709 --> 00:19:57,918
In his autobiography,
Elia Kazan writes
307
00:19:58,084 --> 00:20:00,626
that Litvak was the only director
308
00:20:00,793 --> 00:20:05,001
to impose that style of shot
at Warner Bros. in the 1930s,
309
00:20:05,168 --> 00:20:08,876
the only one to choose
his own angles and frames,
310
00:20:09,043 --> 00:20:12,668
never delegating to the cameraman.
311
00:20:14,209 --> 00:20:15,501
Flight into Darkness,
312
00:20:15,668 --> 00:20:18,418
with its remarkable aerial
combat scenes
313
00:20:18,584 --> 00:20:21,709
underscored
by Arthur Honegger's fine music
314
00:20:21,876 --> 00:20:23,584
was my second revelation.
315
00:20:23,751 --> 00:20:26,876
It was the first collaboration
with Joseph Kessel,
316
00:20:27,043 --> 00:20:29,334
with whom he made five films.
317
00:20:47,168 --> 00:20:50,001
A story of friendship
between two pilots,
318
00:20:50,168 --> 00:20:53,626
one of whom realizes
he's in love with the other's wife,
319
00:20:53,793 --> 00:20:55,168
which will divide them,
320
00:20:55,334 --> 00:20:57,626
is hardly diminished
321
00:20:57,793 --> 00:21:00,668
by Jean-Pierre Aumont's
rather tepid acting.
322
00:21:00,834 --> 00:21:03,876
Charles Vanel,
once again admirable,
323
00:21:04,043 --> 00:21:05,834
ever so subtly plays
324
00:21:06,001 --> 00:21:08,376
a solitary character, tragic,
325
00:21:08,543 --> 00:21:11,209
vulnerable and unloved.
326
00:21:11,376 --> 00:21:14,001
Sorry, I'm ridiculously sensitive.
327
00:21:14,168 --> 00:21:16,293
Don't think badly of me for that.
328
00:21:17,001 --> 00:21:20,876
But sometimes
I'm at the end of my rope.
329
00:21:22,959 --> 00:21:25,043
Life doesn't want me
330
00:21:25,918 --> 00:21:27,876
and neither does death.
331
00:21:29,876 --> 00:21:30,959
At times,
332
00:21:31,834 --> 00:21:32,959
I'd rather end it all.
333
00:21:33,584 --> 00:21:35,376
How can you say that?
334
00:21:36,418 --> 00:21:39,168
There are people who love you,
waiting for you...
335
00:21:39,334 --> 00:21:41,126
You're right.
336
00:21:41,293 --> 00:21:43,668
I'm crazy. Yes...
337
00:21:44,668 --> 00:21:46,334
Of course someone loves me.
338
00:21:47,001 --> 00:21:48,001
My wife.
339
00:21:49,418 --> 00:21:52,626
We found the lyrical,
yet restrained directing
340
00:21:52,793 --> 00:21:55,959
superior to Hawks' Dawn Patrol.
341
00:21:59,501 --> 00:22:02,251
In this admirably filmed scene,
342
00:22:02,418 --> 00:22:05,376
see how the horror of war leaps out.
343
00:22:07,043 --> 00:22:08,459
Come on!
344
00:22:18,376 --> 00:22:20,001
Get him out. Quick.
345
00:22:20,168 --> 00:22:21,751
A stretcher, fast!
346
00:22:22,001 --> 00:22:22,959
Maury!
347
00:22:23,126 --> 00:22:23,959
Sir?
348
00:22:24,126 --> 00:22:25,959
Didn't you notice
you'd been hit?
349
00:22:26,126 --> 00:22:27,001
No, sir.
350
00:22:27,501 --> 00:22:29,584
The engine was talking too loud.
351
00:22:29,751 --> 00:22:30,709
Easy.
352
00:22:35,626 --> 00:22:38,376
Can't be any fun flying
in that murk.
353
00:22:41,168 --> 00:22:44,043
You also sense it here
in the mess hall,
354
00:22:44,209 --> 00:22:47,293
where they await the return
of a crew, sent to slaughter
355
00:22:47,834 --> 00:22:50,626
on the general's stupid order.
356
00:23:05,209 --> 00:23:08,501
The love story
brings out the violence
357
00:23:08,668 --> 00:23:10,918
and moves toward the tragic,
358
00:23:11,168 --> 00:23:14,168
as in this shot of Annabella,
splendid,
359
00:23:14,334 --> 00:23:16,834
following the truck
carrying her lover
360
00:23:17,001 --> 00:23:19,918
without noticing
the wounded she passes.
361
00:23:37,918 --> 00:23:40,293
I might add this amusing tidbit:
362
00:23:40,751 --> 00:23:42,043
The Lady in the Car
363
00:23:42,209 --> 00:23:45,376
is one
of Quentin Tarentino's favorites.
364
00:23:45,543 --> 00:23:49,709
He thought it was
the coolest swan song
365
00:23:49,876 --> 00:23:53,084
of a filmmaker in the 1970s.
366
00:23:54,043 --> 00:23:56,459
Another long-forgotten director,
367
00:23:56,626 --> 00:23:59,209
Raymond Bernard,
was recently rediscovered.
368
00:23:59,376 --> 00:24:02,501
Cahiers du Cinéma and Le Monde
even ranked Wooden Crosses
369
00:24:02,668 --> 00:24:05,209
among the masterpieces
of French cinema,
370
00:24:05,376 --> 00:24:08,043
taking the filmmaker out
of a long purgatory,
371
00:24:08,209 --> 00:24:09,459
at least in France,
372
00:24:09,626 --> 00:24:13,584
despite the efforts
of certain champions:
373
00:24:13,751 --> 00:24:16,918
Lenny Borger, Patrick Brion
and Jacques Siclier.
374
00:24:18,126 --> 00:24:21,876
For many years, Wooden Crosses,
based on a novel by Roland Dorgelès,
375
00:24:22,043 --> 00:24:26,126
was simply the film
that ran on TV on Veterans Day.
376
00:24:26,918 --> 00:24:30,168
And yet, it is an exceptional film.
377
00:24:31,834 --> 00:24:36,918
Nearly all the actors
had fought in World War I,
378
00:24:37,084 --> 00:24:39,709
which may explain
the film's conviction,
379
00:24:39,876 --> 00:24:42,126
a blend of stark realism,
380
00:24:42,293 --> 00:24:44,668
as when the soldiers realize
381
00:24:44,834 --> 00:24:49,209
that a mine is being laid
beneath their trench to blow them up.
382
00:24:53,334 --> 00:24:54,334
Yes.
383
00:24:55,543 --> 00:24:58,043
That's what it is. No surprise.
384
00:24:58,209 --> 00:25:00,418
They blew one up last month.
385
00:25:01,126 --> 00:25:02,418
Now what?
386
00:25:03,043 --> 00:25:05,293
I'll inform the major.
387
00:25:06,168 --> 00:25:08,876
And I'll go see about orders.
388
00:25:09,043 --> 00:25:10,834
What about us?
389
00:25:12,709 --> 00:25:15,543
Do we wait here?
390
00:25:15,709 --> 00:25:17,168
Of course.
391
00:25:17,334 --> 00:25:19,959
We can't abandon Mount Calvary,
can we?
392
00:25:22,543 --> 00:25:26,459
After days of waiting,
they meet the relief troops,
393
00:25:26,626 --> 00:25:28,626
a stark, devastating scene
394
00:25:28,793 --> 00:25:29,918
all the more terrible
395
00:25:30,084 --> 00:25:31,876
for its restraint.
396
00:25:59,126 --> 00:26:00,834
How many men were there?
397
00:26:01,418 --> 00:26:02,543
Eleven.
398
00:26:03,293 --> 00:26:04,918
And four gunners.
399
00:26:10,918 --> 00:26:14,543
The night attacks
are among the finest war scenes
400
00:26:14,709 --> 00:26:16,251
in the history of cinema,
401
00:26:16,418 --> 00:26:19,376
with a remarkable use of sound,
402
00:26:19,543 --> 00:26:23,251
the first example of sound mixing
in French film.
403
00:26:23,418 --> 00:26:27,501
The din of shellfire,
whistling, explosions,
404
00:26:27,668 --> 00:26:32,418
had to be very pervasive
without drowning out the dialogue.
405
00:26:33,043 --> 00:26:35,584
Artillery's firing short, sir!
406
00:26:35,751 --> 00:26:37,751
David, run to command.
407
00:26:37,918 --> 00:26:40,543
Have them advance our line of fire.
408
00:26:43,793 --> 00:26:46,168
I had tremendous difficulties.
409
00:26:46,334 --> 00:26:49,043
The talkies had only just begun.
410
00:26:49,209 --> 00:26:51,834
First we had to create
411
00:26:52,001 --> 00:26:54,626
the aural ambience of war.
412
00:26:54,793 --> 00:26:56,543
To create this ambience,
413
00:26:56,709 --> 00:27:01,668
we first needed to record
the explosions
414
00:27:01,834 --> 00:27:06,584
of cannon fire,
the rattle of machine guns, rifles.
415
00:27:06,751 --> 00:27:10,459
To achieve that,
I tried out any number of things.
416
00:27:10,626 --> 00:27:13,334
I can't tell you
how many microphones I ruined.
417
00:27:14,543 --> 00:27:16,251
After you, sir.
418
00:27:17,209 --> 00:27:18,668
Are you afraid?
419
00:27:18,834 --> 00:27:19,793
Me, afraid?
420
00:27:20,543 --> 00:27:21,918
I'll go over first.
421
00:27:22,543 --> 00:27:24,084
Morache is chickening out.
422
00:27:24,251 --> 00:27:25,793
He'll go over.
423
00:27:25,959 --> 00:27:27,918
Easier than putting them
in the clink.
424
00:27:28,084 --> 00:27:30,168
A humanistic attention to character,
425
00:27:30,334 --> 00:27:32,126
a lack of incidental detail,
426
00:27:32,293 --> 00:27:35,043
- little is known
about the protagonists -
427
00:27:35,209 --> 00:27:37,668
inform an unsparing denunciation
428
00:27:37,834 --> 00:27:40,584
of what they are enduring.
429
00:27:47,626 --> 00:27:50,043
No speeches, no statements,
430
00:27:50,209 --> 00:27:51,626
just facts
431
00:27:51,793 --> 00:27:55,126
and images remarkably
photographed by Jules Kruger.
432
00:27:55,293 --> 00:27:59,834
There are astounding shots
of incredible power and emotion.
433
00:28:00,751 --> 00:28:01,959
Forward!
434
00:28:25,376 --> 00:28:28,751
I wanted to make Wooden Crosses
435
00:28:28,918 --> 00:28:33,418
in a genuine human atmosphere.
436
00:28:33,584 --> 00:28:35,834
I shot Wooden Crosses
437
00:28:36,001 --> 00:28:38,793
almost exclusively in locations
438
00:28:39,376 --> 00:28:42,584
where battles had taken place.
439
00:28:43,168 --> 00:28:44,834
As a result,
440
00:28:45,001 --> 00:28:48,168
on several occasions,
441
00:28:48,334 --> 00:28:52,251
we unearthed bodies.
442
00:28:52,418 --> 00:28:55,543
And some could even be identified.
443
00:28:56,168 --> 00:29:00,168
It created quite a stir,
444
00:29:00,334 --> 00:29:02,751
which was rather painful, I must say.
445
00:29:39,043 --> 00:29:44,209
And this went on for ten days
446
00:29:44,376 --> 00:29:47,126
Don't talk, pal. It'll wear you out.
447
00:29:49,959 --> 00:29:51,376
Don't worry.
448
00:29:52,418 --> 00:29:57,209
Charles Vanel
had just done a scene
449
00:29:57,376 --> 00:29:59,501
in a cemetery, at night.
450
00:29:59,668 --> 00:30:01,918
He was dying in the cemetery,
451
00:30:02,084 --> 00:30:05,334
and I remember someone said,
452
00:30:05,751 --> 00:30:08,084
"You played that so well."
453
00:30:08,251 --> 00:30:10,834
And Vanel simply answered,
454
00:30:11,459 --> 00:30:15,584
"For that sort of role,
no need to play,
455
00:30:15,751 --> 00:30:18,293
"you just have to remember."
456
00:30:20,293 --> 00:30:21,751
Les Misérables is probably
457
00:30:21,918 --> 00:30:24,918
the best adaptation
of Victor Hugo's masterpiece,
458
00:30:25,084 --> 00:30:27,334
with an ideal cast:
459
00:30:27,668 --> 00:30:30,626
Harry Baur,
an unforgettable Jean Valjean,
460
00:30:31,543 --> 00:30:35,293
Charles Vanel,
once again brilliant as Javert,
461
00:30:36,001 --> 00:30:37,376
Florelle,
462
00:30:40,418 --> 00:30:42,418
not to forget Charles Dullin
463
00:30:42,959 --> 00:30:44,209
and Marguerite Moreno,
464
00:30:44,376 --> 00:30:46,459
consummate Thénardiers.
465
00:30:46,876 --> 00:30:48,584
We're keeping Cosette.
466
00:30:49,168 --> 00:30:53,126
The missus and I thought it over.
We can't let you have her.
467
00:30:53,293 --> 00:30:55,251
Her mother entrusted her to us.
468
00:30:55,418 --> 00:30:57,793
I'm an honest man.
The child is a sacred trust.
469
00:30:57,959 --> 00:31:01,126
I swore to her mother
to love her like my own daughters.
470
00:31:01,293 --> 00:31:02,626
It marks you.
471
00:31:02,793 --> 00:31:06,584
We won't tear out our heart
for 1,500 francs.
472
00:31:08,584 --> 00:31:13,459
Raymond Bernard
indulges in his favorite tilt shots
473
00:31:13,959 --> 00:31:17,918
but proves wholly inspired
in many intimate scenes:
474
00:31:18,584 --> 00:31:20,751
the meeting with Bishop Myriel.
475
00:31:23,793 --> 00:31:24,626
Monsignor...
476
00:31:25,626 --> 00:31:26,709
He's a bishop?
477
00:31:27,376 --> 00:31:28,668
You arrested
478
00:31:28,834 --> 00:31:30,334
this man?
479
00:31:33,209 --> 00:31:36,834
You're mistaken. He's not a thief.
480
00:31:43,584 --> 00:31:45,126
That silver
481
00:31:47,168 --> 00:31:50,918
was given to him by me last night,
482
00:31:51,668 --> 00:31:54,501
along with two silver candlesticks.
483
00:31:55,043 --> 00:31:56,459
He's very poor,
484
00:31:56,793 --> 00:31:59,418
and I had nothing else to give him.
485
00:32:01,584 --> 00:32:05,251
Why didn't you take
your candlesticks?
486
00:32:09,293 --> 00:32:12,001
Madame Magloire, go fetch them.
487
00:32:18,959 --> 00:32:21,043
The scene
with the Savoyard boy.
488
00:32:26,459 --> 00:32:28,043
Mister, my coin.
489
00:32:30,668 --> 00:32:32,376
My coin, please.
490
00:32:32,834 --> 00:32:34,501
Give me back my coin.
491
00:32:35,209 --> 00:32:38,168
My silver coin. My 40-sous coin.
492
00:32:39,709 --> 00:32:42,084
- What is it?
- It's mine, sir.
493
00:32:42,793 --> 00:32:45,043
Give me back my coin.
494
00:32:45,251 --> 00:32:47,251
You have your foot on it.
495
00:32:47,668 --> 00:32:50,043
Lift your foot.
496
00:33:01,043 --> 00:33:03,501
Scamper, little brat!
497
00:33:10,834 --> 00:33:15,168
And the epic scenes,
such as General Lamarck's funeral,
498
00:33:15,918 --> 00:33:18,334
shot with hand-held
camerawork.
499
00:33:47,959 --> 00:33:50,543
Or the capture
of the barricades.
500
00:34:20,709 --> 00:34:24,793
I tried to be as faithful
as I could to the poet,
501
00:34:24,959 --> 00:34:27,918
and that prompted
these particular compositions,
502
00:34:28,084 --> 00:34:30,168
the rather special lighting,
503
00:34:30,334 --> 00:34:33,418
and a pace
that was as much as possible
504
00:34:33,584 --> 00:34:36,334
a cinematic version
505
00:34:36,501 --> 00:34:39,584
of the pace in Victor Hugo's story.
506
00:34:40,418 --> 00:34:43,418
I robbed Bishop Myriel,
it's true.
507
00:34:44,168 --> 00:34:47,126
I robbed the Savoyard boy,
it's true.
508
00:34:48,001 --> 00:34:51,459
But perhaps
the fault is not all mine.
509
00:34:52,626 --> 00:34:55,209
Hear me, members of the jury,
510
00:34:55,709 --> 00:34:59,543
a man fallen as low as I
511
00:34:59,709 --> 00:35:03,168
has no bone to pick with fate
512
00:35:03,334 --> 00:35:06,751
and no advice to give society.
513
00:35:07,751 --> 00:35:11,751
But you see,
the infamy I tried rise above
514
00:35:13,293 --> 00:35:15,168
is something
515
00:35:18,126 --> 00:35:20,084
abominable.
516
00:35:22,043 --> 00:35:25,418
It takes a galley
to make a galley slave.
517
00:35:25,584 --> 00:35:26,876
We must also remember
518
00:35:27,043 --> 00:35:30,501
Raymond Bernard's
remarkable Faubourg Montmartre
519
00:35:30,668 --> 00:35:32,376
and The Mayor's Dilemma,
520
00:35:32,543 --> 00:35:34,084
a pacifist drama
521
00:35:34,251 --> 00:35:37,584
written by
Victor Trivas and Jean Anouilh,
522
00:35:37,751 --> 00:35:40,876
finished in 1939,
523
00:35:41,043 --> 00:35:42,043
bad luck.
524
00:35:42,209 --> 00:35:45,418
It couldn't be released
until after Liberation.
525
00:35:45,751 --> 00:35:47,168
Well then.
526
00:35:47,334 --> 00:35:51,293
I need four volunteers.
527
00:35:51,668 --> 00:35:53,043
Why four?
528
00:35:53,209 --> 00:35:54,668
You just said five.
529
00:35:55,126 --> 00:35:57,209
As first citizen here,
530
00:35:57,376 --> 00:36:00,959
you won't deny me the right
to volunteer automatically?
531
00:36:01,334 --> 00:36:04,084
First citizen?
532
00:36:04,459 --> 00:36:09,751
Some censored scenes
were found in Swiss prints
533
00:36:09,918 --> 00:36:11,168
subtitled in German.
534
00:36:11,334 --> 00:36:14,126
So what does that make me?
535
00:36:14,709 --> 00:36:16,418
Rabbit dung?
536
00:36:16,584 --> 00:36:19,293
And my ancestors,
537
00:36:19,459 --> 00:36:22,376
who kicked your ancestors' behinds
under Louis IX?
538
00:36:22,543 --> 00:36:25,418
- Doesn't that count?
- No, that doesn't count.
539
00:36:25,668 --> 00:36:27,626
Look at him.
540
00:36:27,793 --> 00:36:32,001
The man wants to be a hostage
because he made money in trade.
541
00:36:32,168 --> 00:36:34,501
Saturnin Fabre is fabulous
542
00:36:34,668 --> 00:36:36,209
both in his scenes
543
00:36:36,418 --> 00:36:37,334
with Charpin
544
00:36:37,584 --> 00:36:39,334
as in those with his wife.
545
00:36:39,501 --> 00:36:41,751
I'll wear my white gloves
and monocle
546
00:36:41,918 --> 00:36:43,793
to look at them.
547
00:36:43,959 --> 00:36:46,334
Take out my top hat,
naturally.
548
00:36:46,501 --> 00:36:50,501
I'm the only one here who has one.
Show them who I am.
549
00:36:50,668 --> 00:36:53,251
Take a muffler, mornings are chilly.
550
00:36:53,418 --> 00:36:55,959
A muffler, she says.
551
00:36:56,126 --> 00:36:58,251
I'm representing France.
552
00:36:58,418 --> 00:37:00,376
France, France!
553
00:37:00,543 --> 00:37:03,084
She's not asking you to catch cold.
554
00:37:03,251 --> 00:37:05,751
I don't want to lose you.
555
00:37:05,918 --> 00:37:08,168
I love you, you fool.
556
00:37:08,334 --> 00:37:09,834
So do I.
557
00:37:10,251 --> 00:37:13,376
I wish it could have lasted longer,
558
00:37:13,918 --> 00:37:16,001
the two of us, but duty calls...
559
00:37:16,168 --> 00:37:17,584
We're alone,
560
00:37:17,751 --> 00:37:19,584
spare me the speeches.
561
00:37:19,751 --> 00:37:22,668
You're still my little teddy bear.
562
00:37:22,834 --> 00:37:26,001
Don't call me teddy bear
at a time like this.
563
00:37:26,168 --> 00:37:30,043
During Occupation, as a Jew
he was excluded from the industry.
564
00:37:30,209 --> 00:37:32,543
The script for Caprices
was extorted from him,
565
00:37:32,709 --> 00:37:35,126
and he went into hiding in Vercors.
566
00:37:35,293 --> 00:37:39,043
His father, Tristan Bernard,
was interned at Drancy
567
00:37:39,209 --> 00:37:41,918
and his nephew
deported to Mauthausen.
568
00:38:04,501 --> 00:38:08,918
When I became interested in movies,
it was fashionable,
569
00:38:09,084 --> 00:38:12,876
- and I admit
having adhered to this attitude -
570
00:38:13,043 --> 00:38:18,459
to look down on René Clair,
even scorn him.
571
00:38:18,626 --> 00:38:22,043
He was an official filmmaker,
572
00:38:22,209 --> 00:38:24,418
elected to the French Academy,
573
00:38:24,584 --> 00:38:28,459
who seemed very remote
574
00:38:28,918 --> 00:38:31,209
from the cinema we loved.
575
00:38:31,376 --> 00:38:33,959
We set aside his silent films:
576
00:38:34,293 --> 00:38:38,751
14 Juillet, which I'd enjoyed
at the Cinémathèque,
577
00:38:39,001 --> 00:38:40,501
even Man about Town.
578
00:38:40,668 --> 00:38:42,459
I couldn't stand
579
00:38:42,668 --> 00:38:43,751
A Nous la liberté,
580
00:38:43,918 --> 00:38:46,543
La Beauté du diable left me cold,
581
00:38:48,001 --> 00:38:51,584
and most of Clair's recent films
didn't interest me at all.
582
00:38:54,793 --> 00:38:58,751
Pierre Billard's biography
shook my certainties a little.
583
00:38:58,918 --> 00:39:01,876
But watching
several of his films again,
584
00:39:02,043 --> 00:39:03,751
I was stunned.
585
00:39:03,918 --> 00:39:04,751
14 Juillet:
586
00:39:04,918 --> 00:39:07,834
I was dazzled by certain scenes,
587
00:39:08,001 --> 00:39:12,626
but also by the very warm,
friendly evocation
588
00:39:12,793 --> 00:39:16,418
of a working-class Paris
filled with blue-collars...
589
00:39:18,001 --> 00:39:19,251
Isn't this a find?
590
00:39:19,418 --> 00:39:21,626
We can have a toast.
591
00:39:21,793 --> 00:39:23,709
...shopkeepers, craftsmen,
592
00:39:23,876 --> 00:39:24,876
hoodlums.
593
00:39:25,043 --> 00:39:26,084
This looks nice.
594
00:39:26,251 --> 00:39:28,918
Though Paris was partly fantasized,
595
00:39:29,084 --> 00:39:31,501
it reflected a certain reality.
596
00:39:31,668 --> 00:39:33,334
It'll look nicer tonight.
597
00:39:38,334 --> 00:39:42,209
And watching these films again
produces a touch of melancholy,
598
00:39:42,376 --> 00:39:45,501
because that Paris is gone forever.
599
00:39:53,251 --> 00:39:57,001
The empathy Clair
shows for his characters
600
00:39:57,168 --> 00:39:59,584
largely explains the film's quality.
601
00:40:00,543 --> 00:40:02,918
Look how he films Annabella,
602
00:40:05,834 --> 00:40:08,876
how he makes her at once vulnerable,
603
00:40:09,501 --> 00:40:11,084
proud, fragile
604
00:40:11,251 --> 00:40:13,209
and incredibly sexy.
605
00:40:13,376 --> 00:40:15,209
Can't you shut the door?
606
00:40:15,709 --> 00:40:18,084
She is amazingly beautiful.
607
00:40:18,626 --> 00:40:20,376
At the time she was thought
608
00:40:20,543 --> 00:40:22,126
to be a limited actress.
609
00:40:22,293 --> 00:40:24,418
Probably because she didn't overact,
610
00:40:24,584 --> 00:40:26,126
she didn't add effects,
611
00:40:26,293 --> 00:40:28,418
she didn't telegraph.
612
00:40:30,084 --> 00:40:35,126
And finally, seeing her films again,
her performance seems much less dated
613
00:40:36,334 --> 00:40:39,084
than many actresses
of the time.
614
00:40:39,584 --> 00:40:42,334
It even appears very modern.
615
00:40:42,501 --> 00:40:44,418
She acts like Isabelle Huppert.
616
00:41:00,376 --> 00:41:03,168
Fine, all together now...
617
00:41:03,918 --> 00:41:06,251
Under the roofs of Paree
618
00:41:08,668 --> 00:41:11,376
There's also
the contribution and complicity
619
00:41:11,543 --> 00:41:15,084
that Clair had with Lazare Meerson
and Alexandre Trauner.
620
00:41:15,251 --> 00:41:17,251
The sets they designed
621
00:41:17,418 --> 00:41:20,584
inspired magnificent
camera movements.
622
00:41:20,751 --> 00:41:26,084
All these qualities
make watching Clair's films again
623
00:41:26,251 --> 00:41:29,834
a very stimulating experience
that shows
624
00:41:30,001 --> 00:41:33,459
one mustn't always trust
625
00:41:33,626 --> 00:41:36,918
youthful impressions,
626
00:41:37,584 --> 00:41:40,626
especially when they are dictated
by others.
627
00:41:43,834 --> 00:41:48,459
Living in the hollow of the night
628
00:41:48,626 --> 00:41:50,543
Clair often worked
629
00:41:50,709 --> 00:41:52,418
with Georges Van Parys.
630
00:41:53,001 --> 00:41:56,959
I find you as you were before
631
00:41:57,418 --> 00:42:00,168
You sense a great complicity
632
00:42:00,543 --> 00:42:03,334
between director and composer,
633
00:42:03,501 --> 00:42:07,543
not surprising coming from Clair,
since, if I may indulge
634
00:42:07,751 --> 00:42:09,543
in a quick flashback,
635
00:42:09,709 --> 00:42:12,834
Clair was someone
who used music
636
00:42:13,001 --> 00:42:16,793
in a very novel way
in Le Million,
637
00:42:16,959 --> 00:42:19,626
switching from
realistic dialogue to song.
638
00:42:30,251 --> 00:42:32,709
I don't mind being kept awake,
639
00:42:33,293 --> 00:42:36,834
but at least tell me
why you're all so merry.
640
00:42:37,959 --> 00:42:40,626
You haven't heard?
They haven't heard!
641
00:42:41,793 --> 00:42:46,209
They haven't heard the story
so we'll tell you
642
00:42:46,376 --> 00:42:50,251
But you'll never believe it
Though every word is true
643
00:42:50,418 --> 00:42:54,001
But you'll never believe it
Though every word is true
644
00:42:54,334 --> 00:42:57,501
Van Parys wrote
a lot of film music.
645
00:42:57,668 --> 00:42:59,168
- Jacqueline.
- What?
646
00:42:59,334 --> 00:43:00,793
Your piano lesson.
647
00:43:01,376 --> 00:43:02,543
Oh, darn!
648
00:43:02,709 --> 00:43:05,043
I'll mention Beauties of the Night.
649
00:43:05,209 --> 00:43:08,959
First because Van Parys mentions it
often in his memoirs,
650
00:43:09,126 --> 00:43:11,626
calling it a musical exercise
651
00:43:11,793 --> 00:43:14,418
that was exciting, fascinating even.
652
00:43:14,584 --> 00:43:16,959
An exercise in scales.
653
00:43:17,584 --> 00:43:20,459
René Clair posed me a problem
for the film:
654
00:43:20,626 --> 00:43:24,126
I want you to write me a waltz
that starts with a scale.
655
00:43:24,293 --> 00:43:26,668
Because the little girl
656
00:43:26,834 --> 00:43:30,543
taking lessons with Gérard Philipe
is playing a scale.
657
00:43:34,543 --> 00:43:37,793
The scale turns into a song
sung by Martine Carol,
658
00:43:37,959 --> 00:43:40,334
and we go from reality to dream.
659
00:43:40,501 --> 00:43:43,043
So the song has to begin like this...
660
00:43:45,918 --> 00:43:48,293
The variations on a rising scale
661
00:43:48,459 --> 00:43:53,334
are also a good way
to show how a character slides
662
00:43:53,834 --> 00:43:56,293
from the rather
stuffy real world
663
00:43:56,459 --> 00:43:57,918
to a fantasy world,
664
00:43:58,084 --> 00:43:59,959
a world of imagination
665
00:44:00,126 --> 00:44:01,251
and dreams.
666
00:44:14,793 --> 00:44:18,418
Georges Van Parys
is one of the great French melodists.
667
00:44:19,251 --> 00:44:22,501
We can thank him
for dozens of familiar tunes.
668
00:44:22,668 --> 00:44:24,418
Who wrote that lovely piece?
669
00:44:24,584 --> 00:44:26,168
- I did.
- You did?
670
00:44:26,959 --> 00:44:29,959
As one might expect
671
00:44:39,001 --> 00:44:41,959
As one might expect...
672
00:44:47,959 --> 00:44:50,126
And Arletty chimes in:
673
00:44:50,293 --> 00:44:53,918
He found her vicious
674
00:44:54,084 --> 00:44:56,168
As one might expect...
675
00:44:56,334 --> 00:44:58,376
We had great fun with this song.
676
00:45:06,251 --> 00:45:08,209
Nice voice,
don't you think?
677
00:45:12,334 --> 00:45:16,251
The steps up to Montmartre
678
00:45:16,418 --> 00:45:18,834
Are steep for the lovelorn
679
00:45:19,001 --> 00:45:21,293
The sails of the windmill
680
00:45:21,459 --> 00:45:24,168
shield lovers from the storm
681
00:45:24,668 --> 00:45:27,668
Among the films
Georges Van Parys scored
682
00:45:27,834 --> 00:45:29,834
there is, of course,
Casque d'Or.
683
00:45:31,293 --> 00:45:32,793
Kiss me, Manda.
684
00:45:56,709 --> 00:45:59,876
One of Georges Van Parys'
great achievements
685
00:46:00,043 --> 00:46:02,834
is the music he wrote
for Madame de...
686
00:46:03,001 --> 00:46:05,459
At the beginning Darrieux sings,
687
00:46:05,626 --> 00:46:08,668
answers and plays with the music.
688
00:46:31,251 --> 00:46:34,459
I'd rather die than give these up.
689
00:46:36,918 --> 00:46:38,334
My cross.
690
00:46:38,501 --> 00:46:39,459
My cross?
691
00:46:39,626 --> 00:46:41,126
No. I love it.
692
00:46:44,043 --> 00:46:46,126
These are the ones I like least.
693
00:46:47,209 --> 00:46:50,043
They're mine, after all.
I can do as I please.
694
00:46:54,209 --> 00:46:58,918
Many said it reminded them
of Mozart's late work,
695
00:46:59,084 --> 00:47:02,376
that the film
was tinged with that feeling
696
00:47:02,543 --> 00:47:05,668
of the fragility of human essence.
697
00:47:06,043 --> 00:47:08,626
Van Parys' music captured that.
698
00:47:25,876 --> 00:47:28,001
Your turn, Michel.
699
00:47:28,168 --> 00:47:29,959
- I'm waiting.
- Alright. That's it.
700
00:47:30,126 --> 00:47:35,418
Jean Boyer was discredited
by critics and then by movie buffs
701
00:47:35,584 --> 00:47:38,293
due to a disastrous late career.
702
00:47:38,668 --> 00:47:40,834
Les Croulants, scene 346R, take 6.
703
00:47:41,251 --> 00:47:43,959
He had made several lazy films.
704
00:47:44,126 --> 00:47:47,418
We remembered them
as excruciatingly awful.
705
00:47:47,709 --> 00:47:51,251
Boyer was almost the example
of what not to do.
706
00:47:51,793 --> 00:47:54,376
Now I find that terribly unfair.
707
00:47:54,543 --> 00:47:56,376
Suzy Delair told me
708
00:47:56,543 --> 00:47:59,834
she thought he was
one of the best comedy directors.
709
00:48:00,334 --> 00:48:02,084
And Georges Van Parys,
710
00:48:02,251 --> 00:48:04,251
in his autobiography,
711
00:48:04,584 --> 00:48:07,584
describes him
as sensitive and talented,
712
00:48:07,751 --> 00:48:09,626
very talented for comedy.
713
00:48:10,334 --> 00:48:14,668
He also said
he was a remarkable lyricist.
714
00:48:15,418 --> 00:48:18,501
It's true that he wrote
dozens of songs.
715
00:48:18,668 --> 00:48:21,251
"Totor, t'as tort.
Tu t'uses et tu te tues"
716
00:48:21,418 --> 00:48:22,376
was Jean Boyer.
717
00:48:22,543 --> 00:48:25,501
"That makes excellent Frenchmen"
was Boyer.
718
00:48:26,251 --> 00:48:29,334
Instead of kicking up a fuss
719
00:48:29,501 --> 00:48:32,126
As one might expect
720
00:48:32,293 --> 00:48:33,709
He simply kicked her
721
00:48:33,876 --> 00:48:35,543
In the tush
722
00:48:35,709 --> 00:48:38,084
As one might expect
723
00:48:38,251 --> 00:48:41,876
I had in memory Nous irons à Paris,
724
00:48:42,043 --> 00:48:44,543
a film full of good humor,
725
00:48:44,709 --> 00:48:47,126
enthusiasm and joyfulness,
726
00:48:47,293 --> 00:48:49,501
a lack of pretention, too.
727
00:48:49,668 --> 00:48:53,501
Lack of pretention was characteristic
of all Boyer's films,
728
00:48:53,668 --> 00:48:55,626
even the most successful.
729
00:48:55,876 --> 00:48:59,376
In mid-August
Hearts are all on a picnic
730
00:48:59,543 --> 00:49:02,626
In mid-August
Gals are not so modest
731
00:49:03,084 --> 00:49:04,751
And if the lady says
732
00:49:04,918 --> 00:49:06,543
"I love furs
733
00:49:06,709 --> 00:49:08,293
"When do I get my mink?"
734
00:49:08,459 --> 00:49:10,168
Just sing to her with a wink
735
00:49:10,626 --> 00:49:14,043
In mid-August
That will save you money
736
00:49:14,209 --> 00:49:17,334
In mid-August
The tomcats sing in chorus
737
00:49:40,584 --> 00:49:46,084
And it was one of the first
evocations of a pirate radio.
738
00:49:48,876 --> 00:49:51,834
Now, dear listeners,
that's it for Radio X.
739
00:49:52,001 --> 00:49:55,001
The big stars you just heard
740
00:49:55,168 --> 00:49:56,751
all wear Lotus girdles.
741
00:49:56,918 --> 00:49:59,251
Lotus, the no-hurdle girdle!
742
00:49:59,543 --> 00:50:01,334
But I had other surprises
743
00:50:01,501 --> 00:50:05,084
as I strolled back through the 1930s.
744
00:50:05,376 --> 00:50:09,043
Back then, Boyer wrote and directed
745
00:50:09,209 --> 00:50:12,418
a number of films, often musicals,
746
00:50:12,918 --> 00:50:15,959
that are wonderfully full of rhythm,
747
00:50:16,126 --> 00:50:19,543
good cheer and energy.
748
00:50:21,334 --> 00:50:22,876
Excuse me, excuse me
749
00:50:23,043 --> 00:50:24,626
Please don't refuse me
750
00:50:24,793 --> 00:50:26,293
We'd like, we'd like
751
00:50:26,459 --> 00:50:28,334
Some information
752
00:50:28,501 --> 00:50:31,876
Give us the itinerary
753
00:50:32,043 --> 00:50:35,043
Of the trip for our holiday
754
00:50:35,209 --> 00:50:36,084
It begins,
755
00:50:36,251 --> 00:50:37,584
like with Jacques Demy,
756
00:50:37,751 --> 00:50:40,793
by a scene with everyone singing,
757
00:50:40,959 --> 00:50:42,709
not on a stage,
758
00:50:43,126 --> 00:50:45,501
but in the Touring Club office.
759
00:50:46,001 --> 00:50:48,334
When you belong to the Touring Club
760
00:50:49,793 --> 00:50:52,293
Don't hesitate, we're here till late
761
00:50:52,459 --> 00:50:54,584
We humble secretaries
762
00:50:55,168 --> 00:50:57,584
Never do we travel, never go beyond
763
00:50:57,751 --> 00:51:00,126
The city's outer boundaries
764
00:51:00,293 --> 00:51:02,751
But we know by heart
765
00:51:02,918 --> 00:51:05,459
Itineraries the world over
766
00:51:05,626 --> 00:51:08,043
And travelers we send
767
00:51:08,418 --> 00:51:10,834
From their home to land's end
768
00:51:11,168 --> 00:51:15,501
It continues
with other remarkable songs,
769
00:51:15,668 --> 00:51:19,043
again by Van Parys
and Jean Boyer.
770
00:51:19,209 --> 00:51:20,834
Take the road,
you can choose it
771
00:51:21,001 --> 00:51:23,376
Take the road,
you can't lose it
772
00:51:23,543 --> 00:51:25,668
It's all yours
773
00:51:25,834 --> 00:51:29,293
Paris air dulls your complexion
774
00:51:29,459 --> 00:51:32,918
The country air dispels all infection
775
00:51:33,084 --> 00:51:35,168
No more drops to take for a cough
776
00:51:35,334 --> 00:51:36,918
Take the road and don't scoff
777
00:51:37,084 --> 00:51:40,209
Take the road and you're off
778
00:51:41,251 --> 00:51:44,959
He films on location
using tracking shots
779
00:51:45,126 --> 00:51:48,918
with lots of camera movement
for "Always a railroad crossing."
780
00:51:49,084 --> 00:51:52,418
Whether you have 8-cylinder power
Or an old jalopy
781
00:51:52,584 --> 00:51:55,793
You won't be early,
no matter the hour
782
00:51:55,959 --> 00:51:57,584
Like a torpedo speeding
783
00:51:57,751 --> 00:51:59,126
Or a tortoise creeping
784
00:51:59,293 --> 00:52:02,459
It's like one big family meeting
At the railroad crossing
785
00:52:02,626 --> 00:52:05,501
There's always a railroad crossing
786
00:52:05,668 --> 00:52:09,084
That blocks the road
You're ready to explode
787
00:52:09,251 --> 00:52:12,126
You arrive too early or too late
788
00:52:12,293 --> 00:52:15,584
You whizz through or have to wait
789
00:52:15,751 --> 00:52:19,001
Up or down is the gate
790
00:52:19,168 --> 00:52:21,293
You wonder where the orchestra was,
791
00:52:21,459 --> 00:52:23,959
if the songs were filmed
in direct sound,
792
00:52:24,126 --> 00:52:25,126
where was the orchestra?
793
00:52:25,293 --> 00:52:28,043
There's always a level crossing gate
794
00:52:28,543 --> 00:52:31,334
Un Mauvais garcon has fewer songs,
795
00:52:31,501 --> 00:52:35,834
but the title song is very famous,
796
00:52:36,001 --> 00:52:38,626
sung by Henri Garat
and Danièle Darrieux.
797
00:52:38,876 --> 00:52:42,418
We are bums
Unloved ones
798
00:52:42,751 --> 00:52:46,168
For the bourgeois sort
Who only eat and sport
799
00:52:46,334 --> 00:52:50,043
You gotta have
For them to adore ya
800
00:52:50,209 --> 00:52:53,918
A clean white collar
And a fedora
801
00:52:54,084 --> 00:52:55,501
A newsboy cap
802
00:52:55,668 --> 00:52:57,876
has no dazzle
803
00:52:58,043 --> 00:53:01,626
It makes you look like a rascal
804
00:53:01,793 --> 00:53:05,418
And that is why
When a bourgeois sees us
805
00:53:05,584 --> 00:53:08,876
He points a finger to tease us:
806
00:53:09,584 --> 00:53:12,251
He's a bad sort of guy
807
00:53:12,418 --> 00:53:17,209
Not a straight shooter
808
00:53:17,751 --> 00:53:21,168
He's not one to meet
809
00:53:21,334 --> 00:53:24,834
At night in the street
810
00:53:25,459 --> 00:53:28,043
He's a nasty sort of guy
811
00:53:28,209 --> 00:53:32,876
Who works on the sly
When an argument starts
812
00:53:33,459 --> 00:53:36,418
The fists begin to fly
From head down to toe
813
00:53:36,584 --> 00:53:40,001
A bad sort of guy
814
00:53:42,043 --> 00:53:44,376
Un Mauvais garçon
is an excellent comedy
815
00:53:44,543 --> 00:53:46,334
with André Alerme,
816
00:53:46,501 --> 00:53:49,959
one of his favorite actors,
who's fantastic.
817
00:53:50,126 --> 00:53:51,418
Listen up.
818
00:53:51,584 --> 00:53:55,251
If in 18 months you don't have
some sort of position,
819
00:53:55,418 --> 00:53:58,168
if you're not well on your way,
820
00:53:58,334 --> 00:54:00,334
I'll tell you, daughter
821
00:54:00,501 --> 00:54:01,959
- put down your cigarette -
822
00:54:02,209 --> 00:54:05,418
I'll say, daughter, come home.
823
00:54:05,584 --> 00:54:09,043
Marry a fine young man
and give me a grandchild.
824
00:54:09,501 --> 00:54:11,584
And you'd do what I say
825
00:54:11,751 --> 00:54:14,501
to thank me
for doing what you wanted.
826
00:54:14,668 --> 00:54:15,876
Yes, Papa.
827
00:54:16,334 --> 00:54:19,001
The film owes a lot to Darrieux,
828
00:54:19,168 --> 00:54:22,501
who's incredibly spontaneous.
829
00:54:22,668 --> 00:54:27,793
She brings a freshness,
pace and vivacity to her character
830
00:54:27,959 --> 00:54:30,001
that's remarkable.
831
00:54:30,209 --> 00:54:33,834
I wouldn't trade places
For a cannonball
832
00:54:34,001 --> 00:54:38,251
I wouldn't trade places
It's right for me
833
00:54:38,418 --> 00:54:41,543
All my troubles fade away
Hope is in my heart
834
00:54:41,709 --> 00:54:45,584
To all the people who come this way
I'll say I'm happy as a lark
835
00:54:52,959 --> 00:54:56,626
I wouldn't trade places
With my neighbor
836
00:54:56,793 --> 00:55:00,251
I won't give up my job
And need no other favors
837
00:55:42,001 --> 00:55:44,876
Subtitles:
Cynthia Schoch & Lenny Borger
838
00:55:45,209 --> 00:55:46,918
Subtitling: ECLAIR
63497
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