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- Synced and corrected by chamallow -
- www.addic7ed.com -
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This week on Vice:
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manipulating voting
districts to win elections.
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Gerrymandering is all designed
for helping the politicians,
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but not the ordinary citizen.
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Do you think the makeup
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of the state legislature right now
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represents the North Carolina
population as a whole?
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No, ma'am.
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And then, the crackdown
of American gangs
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in Honduras.
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We're going to a new, US-style
penitentiary on the edge of town.
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These guys have no idea how much
their lives are about to change.
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Go, go, go!
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We are not animals!
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The results of the 2016
presidential election
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reignited the debate
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over whether the
electoral college system
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is truly democratic.
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This is the fifth time
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a president has won
without the popular vote.
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Most notably, the last time was in 2000.
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What does this say about
the electoral college?
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But an even bigger
question is being raised
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over how the actual voting power
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is distributed in American elections.
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We've got to end the practice
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of drawing our congressional districts
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so that politicians
can pick their voters,
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and not the other way around.
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We've been drawing lines
for political reasons
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all the way back to 1812.
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It's a long American tradition,
but I think it's wrong.
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Gerrymandering, or the
redrawing of voting districts
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in favor of one political party,
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has been accused of increasing
partisanship in Congress,
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and the question of
its constitutionality
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is now headed to the Supreme Court.
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So we sent Gianna Toboni
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to ground zero for the
gerrymandering debate:
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North Carolina.
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Take a deep breath in.
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One more time, breathe in.
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Nice, good job.
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Go ahead, bring your
hands to your knees.
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Drop your chin to
your chest. Breathe in.
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Welcome to Asheville...
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Take a deep breath in...
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- ... where yoga...
- Exhale.
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... is yoga with goats.
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I was surprised to learn
that there was goat yoga
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with equal rights petitions
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and a lot of liberal people...
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- Yeah.
- ... in such a conservative congressional district.
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Yup. Well, the thing about our district
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is it is kind of cut up a little bit.
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- What do you mean, "cut up"?
- Um, the way that they do our districts,
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Asheville would be a
very progressive district
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if it weren't for the fact that
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they've kind of cut it
right down the middle.
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Congressional districts in the US
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are typically supposed to
have similar populations,
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resemble a coherent geographic shape,
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and keep communities with
similar interests together.
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Of the 435 congressional
districts in the US,
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North Carolina has 13.
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In one of those districts,
the city of Asheville's
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large liberal-leaning population
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made it competitive
for a Democrat to win,
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until a 2011 redrawing
divided the city's population
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into two otherwise
conservative districts
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and permanently altered
the political landscape.
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Asheville mayor, Esther
Manheimer, a Democrat,
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has seen the city's representation
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dramatically change
over the last decade.
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The political environment here
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is far outside of the average
of North Carolina, I would say.
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After the 2011 redistricting,
how was Asheville affected?
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It was dramatically affected.
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Asheville used to have
a congressional district
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that took in all of Asheville
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and all of Western North Carolina,
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and it supported
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Congressman Heath Shuler,
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who was an excellent balance
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of what you get
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when you add Asheville
to Western North Carolina,
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because Asheville's very liberal,
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but Western North Carolina
tends to be more conservative.
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And then with redistricting
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by the Republican state legislature,
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Asheville was split into
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two very conservative
congressional districts
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where there's no question
these districts don't represent
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where Asheville is on
the political spectrum.
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By splitting the city
into two districts,
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Asheville's liberal population
was absorbed by two other,
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more populated, conservative districts.
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So, what happened to the
influence of voters in Asheville?
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They feel that their
voice has been eradicated
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by gerrymandering.
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Gerrymandering, or the
manipulation of district voting maps
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for the advantage of
one political party,
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helped ensure that moderate
Democrat Heath Shuler
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would be replaced by one of
the most far-right Republicans
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in office today, Mark Meadows.
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2012 is the time that we're
gonna send Mr. Obama home
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to Kenya or wherever it
is. We're gonna do it.
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We caught up with Heath
in his former district.
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Here's the city, and it once
was all the 11th District.
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And now, Democratic-leaning precincts,
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which essentially took in
the whole city of Asheville,
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are now in the 10th district.
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Redistricting in North Carolina
is done by state legislators
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from the party in power
of the state House,
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in this case, the Republicans.
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When they were drawing the
lines, people were calling me,
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"Would you like to have this precinct?
If you'll give up this precinct?"
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I'm like, "That's not
the way this should work."
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It's not fair to the community.
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Let's draw these lines the
way they should be drawn,
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based upon fairness.
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Stop the gerrymandering.
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The practice goes back to 1812
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when Massachusetts
Governor Elbridge Gerry's
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Democratic-Republican Party
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engineered district lines
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to help his own party
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make gains in the state senate.
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A cartoonist satirized
Gerry's voting district
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as looking like a salamander,
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and the term "gerrymander" was coined.
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Since then,
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voting districts have been
drawn much more precisely.
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After 2010, Republican state legislators
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took over the redrawing process
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and have since been able to make ten
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of the state's 13 congressional seats
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safely conservative,
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despite there being
more registered Democrats
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than Republicans.
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This GOP success in North Carolina
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was actually part of a
broader and highly effective
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national strategy called REDMAP.
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We spoke to its
architect, Chris Jankowski.
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So, you were the mastermind behind,
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I think, what will be known as historic
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in the great 2011 gerrymandering,
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which is still, in many ways,
dictating politics in our country.
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How did you decide to pursue that?
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Well, it really started after
'08 and Obama's historic win,
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where he really shifted a number of
political dynamics in the country.
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And so, as Republicans,
we were looking at,
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"Okay, what's the path back?"
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And one of it was, obviously,
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how do we get control of the
US House of Representatives?
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What is REDMAP?
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REDMAP is a strategic plan
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to pool money, on the national level,
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and invest it into the key
state legislative races,
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where there was gonna be
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a redrawing of congressional lines,
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based on the census data,
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and focusing on the states
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that were either gonna
lose a congressional seat
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or gain a congressional
seat to have maximum impact.
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The direct results of the REDMAP
project on the state legislative level
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was to put Republicans at
the table to draw the lines.
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People ask me about REDMAP, and,
"Wasn't it so unfair, what you did?"
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And I say, well, we took
the rules that applied,
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we told them what we were
gonna do, and we did it.
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And we did it in a year that was,
obviously, historic in itself.
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Since REDMAP,
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Democrats have lost more than
900 state legislature seats
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across the country.
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These state House wins
have given Republicans
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unprecedented map-making power.
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Voting rights scholar and lawyer,
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Nick Stephanopoulos,
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showed us one of the modern tools
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legislators can use to redraw districts.
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So, this is Maptitude for redistricting.
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Maptitude will give you
information about the populations
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of all of the districts
that you're constructing.
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That would let you forecast
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how different districts would perform
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under different configurations
in future elections.
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The city of Asheville, for example,
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is split in two, because
if it were kept whole,
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it might have been enough for a
Democratic congressional district.
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So, what are you doing right now?
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I've told Maptitude that I want
to add counties to District 11,
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and I want them to
come from District 10.
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You highlight as many of
them as you want to assign,
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click the "assign" button,
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and all of a sudden those counties
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will now be in the
district you put them in,
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and they will no longer
be in the old district.
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As you can see, all of
a sudden, District 11
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just swallowed up
two-thirds of District 10.
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- In 30 seconds.
- Exactly.
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No Democrats are gonna be
winning those districts.
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- It's like a computer game.
- It's a fairly easy computer game.
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And the two main
strategies to win that game,
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and state elections,
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are called cracking and packing.
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Partisan gerrymandering
always takes place
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through these two techniques
of cracking and packing.
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"Cracking" refers to dispersing
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the other side's voters
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across a relatively
large number of districts.
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And "packing" refers
to over-concentrating
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the other side's voters
in a few districts
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where their preferred candidates
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consistently win by enormous margins.
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So, just to be clear,
this process is legal,
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and it's necessary across the country.
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So, what's the problem?
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It's necessary because
we need to make sure
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the districts have the same populations,
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but there is, effectively,
no legal limit whatsoever
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to how extreme their partisan
gerrymandering can be.
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And some of the most extreme examples
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can be found in urban areas,
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which tend to have dense
liberal populations.
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To see the effects of cracking,
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we went to North Carolina
A&T State University.
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North Carolina A&T
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is a historically black
college and university.
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There are about 10,000 students here.
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So, if you take 10,000 students,
um, that's definitely enough,
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especially in a smaller,
congressional election, to swing a vote
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- one way or the other.
- For sure.
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A&T was actually split into
two different districts.
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Right now, we're in
Congressional District 13.
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- Okay.
- Um, this street is Laurel Street,
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and this is the street
that divides the campus,
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um, for voting purposes.
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Their vote is now cracked.
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So that building right there is
a different congressional district
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- than where we're standing?
- Yes.
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- Fifty feet away?
- Right.
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So now that vote has been divided
exactly in half... 5,000 students.
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Still significant,
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but when you put this campus in
the broader map of the district,
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it's a much smaller, much weaker vote.
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So, while cracking is
used to break up votes,
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packing clusters voters
of one party together.
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00:11:02,160 --> 00:11:05,194
We saw how Republican
legislators applied this technique
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to smaller state House races.
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Thank you, Bright Hopewell, for
this opportunity, once again.
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Another Sunday morning
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to come and stand before you.
254
00:11:14,172 --> 00:11:15,704
Republican mapmakers
255
00:11:15,740 --> 00:11:17,473
packed thousands of new minority voters
256
00:11:17,508 --> 00:11:20,076
into state House Democrat
Garland Pierce's district,
257
00:11:20,111 --> 00:11:23,345
a move that pulled minority
voters out of other races
258
00:11:23,381 --> 00:11:25,648
that they would have
had more influence in.
259
00:11:27,584 --> 00:11:30,952
- So, what's this here?
- This is House District 48.
260
00:11:30,988 --> 00:11:33,255
- In the yellow?
- In the yellow.
261
00:11:33,290 --> 00:11:35,423
And, like I said, it starts...
262
00:11:35,458 --> 00:11:39,360
this is all the way to
Greensboro, North Carolina, 220.
263
00:11:39,396 --> 00:11:42,964
And this is the furthest
point in the south,
264
00:11:43,000 --> 00:11:44,599
which is Fairmont and Lumberton.
265
00:11:44,634 --> 00:11:46,434
Representative Pierce's district
266
00:11:46,469 --> 00:11:48,436
now weaves in and out of four counties,
267
00:11:48,471 --> 00:11:51,206
across a hundred miles in the
southern part of the state.
268
00:11:51,241 --> 00:11:53,441
So, why is the district
shaped like this?
269
00:11:53,476 --> 00:11:55,944
To stack and pack minorities.
270
00:11:57,380 --> 00:12:00,414
Do you think that the makeup of
the state legislature right now
271
00:12:00,449 --> 00:12:03,684
represents the North Carolina
population as a whole?
272
00:12:03,719 --> 00:12:05,485
No, ma'am.
273
00:12:05,521 --> 00:12:07,888
No, ma'am. A neighborhood
should never be split.
274
00:12:07,924 --> 00:12:09,824
Precincts should never be split.
275
00:12:09,859 --> 00:12:11,859
They used the power of the pen
276
00:12:11,894 --> 00:12:15,495
to really, uh, put themselves in
a position to lead for a while.
277
00:12:15,531 --> 00:12:17,965
That effort has now led to Republicans
278
00:12:18,000 --> 00:12:19,599
occupying 64 percent
279
00:12:19,635 --> 00:12:21,202
of the state Assembly seats,
280
00:12:21,237 --> 00:12:23,370
despite there being
more registered Democrats
281
00:12:23,405 --> 00:12:24,538
than Republicans in the state.
282
00:12:24,573 --> 00:12:27,308
This isn't just happening
in North Carolina.
283
00:12:27,343 --> 00:12:31,378
The GOP went from controlling
14 state legislatures in 2010,
284
00:12:31,413 --> 00:12:33,113
to 32 this year.
285
00:12:33,149 --> 00:12:35,649
And as districts have been
redrawn over that same time,
286
00:12:35,684 --> 00:12:38,251
maps that once contained blue
287
00:12:38,286 --> 00:12:40,620
are consistently turning red.
288
00:12:40,656 --> 00:12:43,423
With congressional approval
ratings at historic lows,
289
00:12:43,459 --> 00:12:45,124
there's now bipartisan support
290
00:12:45,160 --> 00:12:47,894
for the termination of gerrymandering.
291
00:12:49,297 --> 00:12:51,498
This is a very, uh, dynamic
office you have here.
292
00:12:51,533 --> 00:12:54,501
Well, this is the
Predator that I fought.
293
00:12:54,536 --> 00:12:56,536
See, when you're a real stud like me,
294
00:12:56,572 --> 00:12:59,473
then you fight the Predator
with your bare hands
295
00:12:59,508 --> 00:13:00,774
and wipe them out.
296
00:13:00,809 --> 00:13:04,277
Then here, the Terminator,
traveling through time.
297
00:13:04,312 --> 00:13:06,713
Of course, if I could
do this in real life,
298
00:13:06,749 --> 00:13:09,548
I would travel back to 1812
299
00:13:09,584 --> 00:13:13,019
and wipe out gerrymandering.
300
00:13:13,054 --> 00:13:15,788
In the movies it would be easy,
because you just would, you know,
301
00:13:15,823 --> 00:13:18,691
go into the room where
they draw the maps
302
00:13:18,726 --> 00:13:21,127
and, um, blow up the room,
303
00:13:21,162 --> 00:13:24,030
throw everyone out of
the room, burn the maps,
304
00:13:24,065 --> 00:13:26,565
and then have honest people
305
00:13:26,601 --> 00:13:28,201
draw the district lines.
306
00:13:28,236 --> 00:13:29,735
Gerrymandering sucks
307
00:13:29,771 --> 00:13:34,307
because it's all designed
for helping the politicians,
308
00:13:34,342 --> 00:13:36,675
but not the ordinary citizen.
309
00:13:36,711 --> 00:13:38,878
Do you think that voters know
310
00:13:38,914 --> 00:13:41,680
that their voter influence,
is, in some cases,
311
00:13:41,716 --> 00:13:45,150
being taken away, or that their
votes are being manipulated?
312
00:13:45,185 --> 00:13:48,320
Because it's a very complicated
issue, it's very hard to, kind of...
313
00:13:48,355 --> 00:13:52,391
It's not the sexy issue that people
can jump on and get involved with.
314
00:13:52,427 --> 00:13:56,629
So, uh, only recently
it has now come out,
315
00:13:56,664 --> 00:13:58,997
because there's such a lack
of performance in Congress.
316
00:13:59,033 --> 00:14:00,966
There's such a low approval rating
317
00:14:01,001 --> 00:14:02,701
that people are saying, "Wait a minute.
318
00:14:02,737 --> 00:14:04,369
We've got to do something about it."
319
00:14:04,405 --> 00:14:07,573
When you first took office
as governor of California,
320
00:14:07,608 --> 00:14:09,975
how bad was the gerrymandering here?
321
00:14:10,010 --> 00:14:13,579
It was like Republicans were
all locked into one district,
322
00:14:13,614 --> 00:14:16,013
and Democrats were all
locked into one district,
323
00:14:16,049 --> 00:14:18,082
so the Republicans had to be
324
00:14:18,117 --> 00:14:19,851
as far to the right as possible
325
00:14:19,886 --> 00:14:21,486
in order to win.
326
00:14:21,521 --> 00:14:22,520
The Democrats had to be
327
00:14:22,556 --> 00:14:24,522
as far as possible to the left.
328
00:14:24,558 --> 00:14:27,124
So how do you get them
together to agree to something,
329
00:14:27,160 --> 00:14:30,595
or to at least compromise
to get something done?
330
00:14:30,630 --> 00:14:34,131
I remember, before we did
the redistricting reform,
331
00:14:34,167 --> 00:14:39,136
in California, we had 265
congressional elections,
332
00:14:39,172 --> 00:14:42,640
and only one, in ten
years, changed party hands.
333
00:14:42,676 --> 00:14:44,676
Only one. Think about that.
334
00:14:44,711 --> 00:14:47,645
We, in California, went all out
335
00:14:47,681 --> 00:14:49,948
and declared war on gerrymandering,
336
00:14:49,983 --> 00:14:52,649
and we have done away with it.
337
00:14:52,685 --> 00:14:55,186
But it's not going to ever be perfect
338
00:14:55,221 --> 00:14:57,588
unless you literally take it away
339
00:14:57,623 --> 00:14:59,623
from the legislators altogether.
340
00:14:59,658 --> 00:15:02,826
That's the ideal thing, is
to take it away from them
341
00:15:02,862 --> 00:15:05,562
and to have ordinary
folks create a commission
342
00:15:05,598 --> 00:15:07,465
that has no interest in the party.
343
00:15:07,500 --> 00:15:10,601
And the key thing now
is for the Supreme Court
344
00:15:10,636 --> 00:15:13,737
to really understand the
complexity of the issue.
345
00:15:13,772 --> 00:15:15,439
Until now, the Supreme Court
346
00:15:15,475 --> 00:15:17,308
didn't have a way to
mathematically determine
347
00:15:17,343 --> 00:15:20,944
the extent to which a district
had been gerrymandered by party.
348
00:15:20,980 --> 00:15:23,981
But Nick Stephanopoulos
may have a solution.
349
00:15:24,016 --> 00:15:25,315
You created a statistical measurement
350
00:15:25,350 --> 00:15:27,350
called the efficiency gap. What is that?
351
00:15:27,386 --> 00:15:32,055
So, the efficiency gap
is meant to be a measure
352
00:15:32,090 --> 00:15:34,525
of the extent of partisan advantage.
353
00:15:34,560 --> 00:15:37,628
The key here is to realize
354
00:15:37,663 --> 00:15:40,330
that both cracking and packing
355
00:15:40,365 --> 00:15:44,200
produce what political
scientists call "wasted votes."
356
00:15:44,236 --> 00:15:47,137
So it will tell you, in a single number,
357
00:15:47,172 --> 00:15:50,707
the direction and the magnitude
358
00:15:50,743 --> 00:15:53,076
of a plan's partisan skew.
359
00:15:53,111 --> 00:15:55,679
In October, the Supreme
Court will hear arguments
360
00:15:55,714 --> 00:15:58,180
for a case about Wisconsin
state Assembly districts
361
00:15:58,215 --> 00:16:00,182
that could open the door
for the efficiency gap
362
00:16:00,217 --> 00:16:02,084
to be used across the country.
363
00:16:02,119 --> 00:16:03,686
A new precedent set in this case
364
00:16:03,721 --> 00:16:07,189
could also affect the balance
of power in Washington, D.C.
365
00:16:07,224 --> 00:16:10,026
If they do that, that's
still a subjective standard,
366
00:16:10,061 --> 00:16:11,694
and you can be assured
that there will just be
367
00:16:11,729 --> 00:16:14,263
more lawyers and lawsuits
challenging these lines.
368
00:16:14,298 --> 00:16:16,666
Do you have any regrets
369
00:16:16,701 --> 00:16:19,301
for something that you helped to create?
370
00:16:20,337 --> 00:16:22,271
No. I just don't.
371
00:16:22,306 --> 00:16:24,073
I did it because I actually think
372
00:16:24,108 --> 00:16:27,043
that putting Republicans in charge
of state government is a good thing.
373
00:16:27,078 --> 00:16:29,478
Do I like polarization? No.
374
00:16:29,513 --> 00:16:31,245
Would I like compromise?
375
00:16:31,281 --> 00:16:32,647
Um, depends.
376
00:16:32,683 --> 00:16:34,549
But I don't feel bad at all
377
00:16:34,585 --> 00:16:36,918
about giving my party an advantage.
378
00:16:36,954 --> 00:16:40,488
Because I believe, ultimately,
in what we're trying to do.
379
00:16:41,324 --> 00:16:42,991
And it looks like the Democrats,
380
00:16:43,026 --> 00:16:44,125
they're gonna do it, themselves.
381
00:16:44,160 --> 00:16:47,796
So, it... there's become
and arms race quality to it.
382
00:16:47,831 --> 00:16:51,499
Which I don't like, but I
don't... we don't tend to lose.
383
00:16:54,237 --> 00:16:57,171
Twenty years ago,
American law enforcement
384
00:16:57,207 --> 00:17:00,408
came up with a novel solution
to the gang violence surging
385
00:17:00,443 --> 00:17:03,244
in immigrant communities in Los Angeles:
386
00:17:03,279 --> 00:17:06,714
deport the gangsters back
to where they've come from.
387
00:17:06,749 --> 00:17:08,782
But that created a new problem,
388
00:17:08,818 --> 00:17:10,351
because returning criminals
389
00:17:10,386 --> 00:17:13,754
from the notorious MS-13
and 18th Street gangs,
390
00:17:13,789 --> 00:17:16,724
began regrouping in
their home countries.
391
00:17:16,759 --> 00:17:18,559
And they got even stronger.
392
00:17:18,595 --> 00:17:22,062
Now, nowhere was the
problem worse than Honduras,
393
00:17:22,098 --> 00:17:26,367
which, as a result, has become one
of the murder capitals of the world.
394
00:17:26,402 --> 00:17:29,903
But recently, the situation
has begun to change
395
00:17:29,939 --> 00:17:32,640
and crime is actually
starting to decrease.
396
00:17:32,675 --> 00:17:35,576
So we sent Vikram
Ghandi to find out why.
397
00:17:51,961 --> 00:17:53,894
We're right now in Tegucigalpa,
398
00:17:53,929 --> 00:17:55,395
riding around with the FUSINA,
399
00:17:55,430 --> 00:17:57,965
which is a newly built
initiative from the president,
400
00:17:58,000 --> 00:18:02,402
a military task force that is
patrolling cities around this country
401
00:18:02,437 --> 00:18:04,905
to clean up gang violence
and drug trafficking.
402
00:18:11,179 --> 00:18:14,147
The FUSINA is a national security force
403
00:18:14,182 --> 00:18:16,749
that combines military
and police personnel.
404
00:18:16,785 --> 00:18:20,053
So far, they've arrested
6,000 gang suspects
405
00:18:20,088 --> 00:18:23,122
and seized more than
9,000 illegal firearms.
406
00:18:32,366 --> 00:18:34,067
Over the course of a single week,
407
00:18:34,102 --> 00:18:37,070
they execute hundreds of
raids and traffic checkpoints,
408
00:18:37,105 --> 00:18:39,238
and thousands of random searches,
409
00:18:39,273 --> 00:18:40,940
which authorities
believe has been essential
410
00:18:40,975 --> 00:18:44,042
in helping reduce homicides
by more than 30 percent
411
00:18:44,078 --> 00:18:45,977
in the last few years.
412
00:18:46,013 --> 00:18:49,480
These units have their
eyes on two targets:
413
00:18:49,516 --> 00:18:53,118
the 18th Street Gang,
and the infamous MS-13.
414
00:18:55,222 --> 00:18:58,323
Both of these groups were
actually founded in the US
415
00:18:58,358 --> 00:19:00,291
by young Central American immigrants
416
00:19:00,327 --> 00:19:04,462
wreaking havoc across Los
Angeles in the early '90s.
417
00:19:04,497 --> 00:19:07,065
Because so many gang
members were undocumented,
418
00:19:07,101 --> 00:19:12,037
American authorities began deporting
convicted gang members en masse.
419
00:19:12,072 --> 00:19:14,072
Tens of thousands of
these seasoned gangsters
420
00:19:14,108 --> 00:19:15,941
ended up back in their home countries,
421
00:19:15,976 --> 00:19:17,843
where they reformed their ranks
422
00:19:17,878 --> 00:19:19,877
and began to thrive
under weak governments
423
00:19:19,912 --> 00:19:22,780
profoundly ill-equipped to handle them.
424
00:19:27,587 --> 00:19:31,222
Today, their operations in
Central America are so violent
425
00:19:31,258 --> 00:19:33,324
that Attorney General
Jeff Sessions has said,
426
00:19:33,360 --> 00:19:36,827
MS-13 could qualify as
a terror organization,
427
00:19:36,863 --> 00:19:40,431
putting them in the same
class as Al-Qaeda and ISIS.
428
00:19:40,467 --> 00:19:43,668
MS-13's motto...
429
00:19:43,703 --> 00:19:47,272
is, "kill, rape, and control."
430
00:19:47,307 --> 00:19:48,573
That's their motto.
431
00:19:48,608 --> 00:19:50,441
Oscar Alvarez Guerrero
432
00:19:50,477 --> 00:19:52,777
served as the minister
of public security,
433
00:19:52,812 --> 00:19:55,579
and saw the rise of these
American gangs in Honduras.
434
00:19:55,614 --> 00:19:59,116
When they came from US,
they were the heroes.
435
00:19:59,152 --> 00:20:01,385
This guy who left, and five years later
436
00:20:01,420 --> 00:20:03,220
came back a different guy.
437
00:20:03,256 --> 00:20:04,354
And they want to be like him.
438
00:20:04,390 --> 00:20:07,557
"I want to have these
pants, I want these tattoos.
439
00:20:07,593 --> 00:20:09,459
I want la Vida loca."
440
00:20:12,731 --> 00:20:14,698
What do they do now?
They are kidnapping,
441
00:20:14,733 --> 00:20:16,801
extortion, drug trafficking,
442
00:20:16,836 --> 00:20:19,069
human trafficking. They
have infiltrated police.
443
00:20:19,105 --> 00:20:22,339
These hardcore gang members
are killing machines.
444
00:20:24,743 --> 00:20:28,111
Here in Honduras, the gangs
don't only target each other.
445
00:20:28,146 --> 00:20:29,913
Near the height of the violence,
446
00:20:29,948 --> 00:20:31,915
almost 500 Honduran civilians
447
00:20:31,950 --> 00:20:33,749
were being killed each month.
448
00:20:35,086 --> 00:20:37,787
In our first trip, no
matter who we spoke with,
449
00:20:37,823 --> 00:20:39,289
the response was the same:
450
00:20:39,324 --> 00:20:42,625
that gangs were making
the country unlivable.
451
00:21:04,649 --> 00:21:06,849
Record numbers of Hondurans
452
00:21:06,884 --> 00:21:09,652
began fleeing from the
relentless violence,
453
00:21:09,687 --> 00:21:11,821
making their way north, through Mexico,
454
00:21:11,856 --> 00:21:13,956
to the United States.
455
00:21:14,826 --> 00:21:16,191
But what was most shocking,
456
00:21:16,227 --> 00:21:18,627
was that for all the bloodshed
and misery they've caused,
457
00:21:18,663 --> 00:21:20,463
life for the criminals themselves
458
00:21:20,498 --> 00:21:22,097
was relatively easy,
459
00:21:22,132 --> 00:21:24,700
even when they wound up behind bars.
460
00:21:37,647 --> 00:21:38,947
It's like a party in here.
461
00:21:38,983 --> 00:21:41,649
They're selling snacks,
you can play pool.
462
00:21:41,685 --> 00:21:42,885
There's girls in here.
463
00:21:42,920 --> 00:21:45,254
How is this a prison?
I don't understand it.
464
00:21:45,289 --> 00:21:46,955
From right inside the prison,
465
00:21:46,991 --> 00:21:49,157
gang leaders can still
do what they want:
466
00:21:49,193 --> 00:21:50,792
Give orders to subordinates,
467
00:21:50,827 --> 00:21:52,627
get visits from their girlfriends,
468
00:21:52,662 --> 00:21:55,998
and smuggle cell
phones, drugs, and guns.
469
00:21:56,033 --> 00:21:58,433
Security and regulations were so lax,
470
00:21:58,468 --> 00:22:00,369
that prisoners ran
full-scale businesses
471
00:22:00,404 --> 00:22:02,905
where they could make goods
and sell them for profit.
472
00:22:02,940 --> 00:22:06,775
This is a shoe factory
inside of this prison.
473
00:22:06,810 --> 00:22:09,343
It's basically like a working city.
474
00:22:09,379 --> 00:22:11,312
I've never seen anything like it.
475
00:22:11,347 --> 00:22:13,347
What... It says "PUMA"!
476
00:22:14,551 --> 00:22:17,619
As long as you weren't
on a gang's hit list,
477
00:22:17,654 --> 00:22:20,488
life in the prison wasn't
much of a hardship at all.
478
00:22:29,365 --> 00:22:30,298
But now,
479
00:22:30,333 --> 00:22:32,801
under President Juan Orlando Hernandez,
480
00:22:32,836 --> 00:22:35,069
things are starting to change.
481
00:23:09,772 --> 00:23:12,906
His plan is to drastically
reform the prison system
482
00:23:12,942 --> 00:23:16,376
and put the teeth back into
the threat of incarceration.
483
00:23:31,593 --> 00:23:34,694
Ilama Penitentiary is
the first in a new wave
484
00:23:34,729 --> 00:23:37,197
of US-style maximum security prisons,
485
00:23:37,232 --> 00:23:39,023
where guards can closely monitor
486
00:23:39,024 --> 00:23:41,326
the inmates' movements
and communication.
487
00:23:41,436 --> 00:23:43,470
But Ilama is more than a lockup.
488
00:23:43,505 --> 00:23:45,438
It's a message to lawbreakers.
489
00:24:00,622 --> 00:24:02,788
Authorities allowed us
to go along with them
490
00:24:02,824 --> 00:24:04,991
as they conducted a wave of transfers
491
00:24:05,026 --> 00:24:08,260
from the older prison to
the new supermax facility.
492
00:24:12,233 --> 00:24:14,166
Tensions are high right now.
493
00:24:14,201 --> 00:24:17,336
These guys have no idea how much
their lives are about to change.
494
00:24:21,509 --> 00:24:23,108
Okay, that's your first guy.
495
00:24:28,815 --> 00:24:31,315
We were able to ride with
the lower-security prisoners
496
00:24:31,351 --> 00:24:33,418
as they were transported by bus.
497
00:24:33,453 --> 00:24:35,386
The high-asset violent offenders
498
00:24:35,422 --> 00:24:38,122
travel by reinforced personnel carriers.
499
00:24:40,427 --> 00:24:44,295
We're going to a new, US-style
penitentiary on the edge of town.
500
00:25:08,420 --> 00:25:09,820
Hey, Gabacho.
501
00:25:11,356 --> 00:25:14,658
We're about to go into the maximum
security wing of this new prison.
502
00:25:14,694 --> 00:25:18,829
Soon, all of the hard criminals
will be transported here,
503
00:25:18,864 --> 00:25:21,565
but right now, there are about 60 guys
504
00:25:21,601 --> 00:25:23,667
who are some of the worst of the worst.
505
00:25:23,703 --> 00:25:26,570
These inmates had been
placed a few months earlier,
506
00:25:26,606 --> 00:25:28,973
and President Hernandez
gave us special permission
507
00:25:29,008 --> 00:25:31,408
to interview the
locked-up gang members.
508
00:25:35,313 --> 00:25:38,247
Tell me about the new conditions
in this new prison for you.
509
00:25:38,282 --> 00:25:40,817
Are they better or worse
than they used to be?
510
00:26:04,042 --> 00:26:06,509
While inside, we were
given the rare opportunity
511
00:26:06,544 --> 00:26:09,111
to meet with two of
the 18th Street Gang's
512
00:26:09,146 --> 00:26:10,578
most powerful leaders,
513
00:26:10,614 --> 00:26:12,914
convicted of weapons
and extortion charges.
514
00:26:12,950 --> 00:26:14,449
They'd originally been housed
515
00:26:14,484 --> 00:26:16,084
in the prison went
to on our first visit.
516
00:26:16,120 --> 00:26:18,707
But now they were feeling
the weight of incarceration
517
00:26:18,708 --> 00:26:20,088
in a whole new way.
518
00:27:07,170 --> 00:27:08,102
Now with a large number
519
00:27:08,137 --> 00:27:10,171
of the gangs' leadership behind bars,
520
00:27:10,206 --> 00:27:12,406
and crime in Honduras
dropping each year,
521
00:27:12,441 --> 00:27:15,076
the authorities here in Honduras
believe that their efforts
522
00:27:15,111 --> 00:27:16,977
in police and prison reform
523
00:27:17,013 --> 00:27:18,778
are really working.
524
00:27:18,814 --> 00:27:20,714
Much of this success is dependent
525
00:27:20,749 --> 00:27:23,750
on Honduras's relationship
with the United States,
526
00:27:23,785 --> 00:27:25,785
which, during the Obama administration,
527
00:27:25,821 --> 00:27:28,255
provided hundreds of millions of dollars
528
00:27:28,290 --> 00:27:30,790
in police and military aid,
529
00:27:30,826 --> 00:27:32,892
raising the question of what will happen
530
00:27:32,928 --> 00:27:34,828
with US policy moving forward.
531
00:27:34,863 --> 00:27:36,396
And we will build the wall
532
00:27:36,432 --> 00:27:39,600
as sure as you are
standing there tonight.
533
00:27:39,635 --> 00:27:41,268
We need the wall.
534
00:27:41,303 --> 00:27:43,570
The bulk of the new
administration's plan
535
00:27:43,606 --> 00:27:45,672
to disrupt gangs like MS-13,
536
00:27:45,708 --> 00:27:47,907
is to build a wall on
the southern border,
537
00:27:47,943 --> 00:27:51,044
which would cost about
70 billion dollars.
538
00:27:51,079 --> 00:27:53,646
But President Hernandez
believes it's more effective
539
00:27:53,681 --> 00:27:54,981
and more affordable
540
00:27:55,016 --> 00:27:57,450
to attack the problem at its source.
541
00:27:57,485 --> 00:28:00,987
If there was a suggestion of
not continuing the aid here,
542
00:28:01,022 --> 00:28:03,223
what would your explanation of saying
543
00:28:03,258 --> 00:28:06,726
why it's important for the
US to continue that aid?
544
00:29:03,784 --> 00:29:10,784
- Synced and corrected by chamallow -
- www.addic7ed.com -
41087
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