Would you like to inspect the original subtitles? These are the user uploaded subtitles that are being translated:
1
00:00:09,468 --> 00:00:10,798
In the 1960s,
2
00:00:10,886 --> 00:00:12,756
the FBI launched one of the biggest
3
00:00:12,846 --> 00:00:15,846
counterintelligence operations
in its entire history.
4
00:00:15,933 --> 00:00:18,643
Black people everywhere today are fed up
5
00:00:18,727 --> 00:00:21,687
with the hypocrisy
practiced by whites.
6
00:00:21,772 --> 00:00:23,322
And they kept a very close watch
7
00:00:23,398 --> 00:00:24,568
on brother Malcolm.
8
00:00:24,650 --> 00:00:25,650
And if something isn't done,
9
00:00:25,734 --> 00:00:28,574
then I'm afraid
that you will have a racial explosion.
10
00:00:28,654 --> 00:00:32,414
And a racial explosion is more deadly
than an atomic explosion.
11
00:00:33,158 --> 00:00:36,538
J. Edgar Hoover, the director of the FBI,
12
00:00:36,620 --> 00:00:40,790
was deathly afraid
of someone like Malcolm X.
13
00:00:41,375 --> 00:00:43,495
Malcolm was being surveilled,
14
00:00:43,585 --> 00:00:45,295
he was being followed,
15
00:00:45,379 --> 00:00:46,669
his phone was tapped.
16
00:00:47,714 --> 00:00:51,304
If you lookat the investigation of Malcolm X,
17
00:00:51,385 --> 00:00:56,305
it's when he becomes a public figurefor the Nation of Islam
18
00:00:56,390 --> 00:00:58,350
that the Bureau starts
taking more of an interest
19
00:00:58,433 --> 00:01:00,853
into his subversive rhetoric.
20
00:01:01,436 --> 00:01:03,356
You seem to be dissatisfied
with everything.
21
00:01:03,438 --> 00:01:05,608
- Just what do you want?
- I'm not dissatisfied with everything.
22
00:01:05,691 --> 00:01:07,821
I'm just telling you
that the Negroes themselves
23
00:01:07,901 --> 00:01:10,611
should take whatever steps necessary
to defend themselves.
24
00:01:11,488 --> 00:01:13,658
The FBI had multiple
25
00:01:13,740 --> 00:01:16,540
high-ranking paid human informants
26
00:01:16,618 --> 00:01:18,908
in the leadershipof the Nation of Islam.
27
00:01:18,996 --> 00:01:21,956
Could it have been that FBI informants
28
00:01:22,040 --> 00:01:24,920
were actively involvedin Malcolm's murder?
29
00:01:25,002 --> 00:01:26,502
Almost certainly so.
30
00:01:27,713 --> 00:01:30,423
Some membersof the Nation of Islam became
31
00:01:30,507 --> 00:01:33,257
willing tools.
32
00:01:33,343 --> 00:01:35,013
But they were the puppets.
33
00:01:36,096 --> 00:01:39,596
The puppeteers were in charge
of that whole situation.
34
00:02:36,573 --> 00:02:38,873
Those of you
who think we are here
35
00:02:38,951 --> 00:02:40,991
to tell you to love the white man,
36
00:02:41,078 --> 00:02:42,868
you have come
to the wrong place.
37
00:02:46,834 --> 00:02:49,174
And those of you who think that
38
00:02:49,962 --> 00:02:52,762
you perhaps came here to hear us
39
00:02:52,840 --> 00:02:56,840
tell you to turn the other cheek
to the brutality of the white man,
40
00:02:56,927 --> 00:02:59,387
I say again
you came to the wrong place.
41
00:03:02,307 --> 00:03:05,437
Malcolm wasa dazzling speaker, dazzling.
42
00:03:06,144 --> 00:03:07,274
Practically every Saturday,
43
00:03:07,354 --> 00:03:10,734
I would go to 125th and 7th to hear him.
44
00:03:11,441 --> 00:03:13,031
I studied him seriously,
45
00:03:13,110 --> 00:03:17,030
because I considered himpotentially a grave threat,
46
00:03:17,114 --> 00:03:18,164
a danger.
47
00:03:18,866 --> 00:03:20,696
We have a subculture in our society
48
00:03:20,784 --> 00:03:22,084
and it resides in the ghetto.
49
00:03:22,160 --> 00:03:24,120
And we are conditioning this subculture
50
00:03:24,204 --> 00:03:25,914
and their reaction is very predictable...
51
00:03:25,998 --> 00:03:27,618
I was a detective,
52
00:03:27,708 --> 00:03:29,878
a sergeant, and a lieutenant.
53
00:03:30,460 --> 00:03:32,300
We were monitoring what we thought
54
00:03:32,379 --> 00:03:34,299
were subversive activities,
55
00:03:34,381 --> 00:03:37,091
attending meetings,listening to speakers.
56
00:03:37,176 --> 00:03:39,886
That's really how we got involved
with Malcolm.
57
00:03:39,970 --> 00:03:43,060
We see that
they have surrounded us
58
00:03:43,140 --> 00:03:46,440
with many of their own agents,
59
00:03:47,603 --> 00:03:50,063
in uniform and out of uniform,
60
00:03:51,857 --> 00:03:54,687
who have spent much time here in Harlem
61
00:03:54,776 --> 00:03:56,446
posing as peace officers,
62
00:03:56,528 --> 00:03:59,738
and at the same time breaking up
the peace of black people.
63
00:04:01,200 --> 00:04:03,620
We thoughtMalcolm was a very capable,
64
00:04:03,702 --> 00:04:05,502
talented, dangerous man.
65
00:04:06,622 --> 00:04:10,832
He became the most charismatic figurein the Nation of Islam.
66
00:04:11,710 --> 00:04:13,920
We didn't knowif he was going to break the law,
67
00:04:14,713 --> 00:04:16,303
but he had power.
68
00:04:20,844 --> 00:04:24,604
The NYPD had a special unit
69
00:04:25,182 --> 00:04:28,192
that was actually,
it was modeled after the FBI.
70
00:04:28,268 --> 00:04:29,728
It was called the Red Squad,
71
00:04:30,938 --> 00:04:32,608
but its official title was BOSSI,
72
00:04:32,689 --> 00:04:35,319
the Bureau of Special Servicesand Investigation.
73
00:04:35,400 --> 00:04:37,990
They were like a miniature FBI
74
00:04:38,070 --> 00:04:40,820
that the FBI helped to train.
75
00:04:42,282 --> 00:04:44,912
We would seethe cops there at every demonstration
76
00:04:44,993 --> 00:04:46,703
and we'd see them with cameras
77
00:04:46,787 --> 00:04:49,207
so it didn't take us long
to do some research
78
00:04:49,289 --> 00:04:51,289
and figure out what they were doing.
79
00:04:51,375 --> 00:04:53,875
Are you conducting
surveillance at demonstrations?
80
00:04:53,961 --> 00:04:55,591
Do you believe I'd tell you that?
81
00:04:55,671 --> 00:04:56,511
Why shouldn't you?
82
00:04:56,588 --> 00:04:58,088
I mean, like,
do you have anything to hide?
83
00:04:58,173 --> 00:04:59,553
Is there anything illegal?
84
00:04:59,633 --> 00:05:01,053
You with the camera!
85
00:05:01,134 --> 00:05:02,974
Are you with the police department?
86
00:05:03,762 --> 00:05:04,932
Who are you with?
87
00:05:05,013 --> 00:05:06,853
- Red Squad!
- Red Squad?
88
00:05:07,933 --> 00:05:10,813
They sawcertain organizations as threats,
89
00:05:10,894 --> 00:05:13,274
and they wanted to destroythose organizations.
90
00:05:14,523 --> 00:05:15,983
BOSS sees a threat
91
00:05:16,066 --> 00:05:19,276
as anyone who's agitatingfor radical change.
92
00:05:19,361 --> 00:05:21,611
And they saw Malcolm as a threat.
93
00:05:24,074 --> 00:05:26,244
Malcolm knewhe was being watched.
94
00:05:27,077 --> 00:05:28,827
He used to say to his people,
95
00:05:28,912 --> 00:05:32,122
"I hope you don't mind,but you're probably being tapped.
96
00:05:32,207 --> 00:05:34,417
We know that the cops do that to us."
97
00:05:35,752 --> 00:05:39,972
I knew that Malcolm picked up
phones on the second ring.
98
00:05:40,799 --> 00:05:43,889
So I would listen to
ring one, and then
99
00:05:43,969 --> 00:05:46,099
perfectly time it with ring two.
100
00:05:47,556 --> 00:05:51,096
He had two phones and I just listened.
101
00:05:51,643 --> 00:05:54,403
From eight in the morninguntil ten o'clock at night.
102
00:05:56,148 --> 00:05:58,438
That was what the position was.
103
00:06:00,819 --> 00:06:01,989
I knew Malcolm,
104
00:06:02,070 --> 00:06:06,070
and he knew that I was a memberof BOSSI. He knew that.
105
00:06:06,158 --> 00:06:08,828
He always called,
"Lieutenant Bouza, how are you?"
106
00:06:10,537 --> 00:06:12,827
He thought that the police department
107
00:06:12,915 --> 00:06:16,165
was monitoring him in a very obvious way.
108
00:06:16,251 --> 00:06:19,461
I don't think he understoodthat we were tapping his wire
109
00:06:19,546 --> 00:06:21,916
and listening to the tapes.
110
00:06:25,260 --> 00:06:29,470
Did we suppress enthusiasmfor civil liberties?
111
00:06:30,057 --> 00:06:32,977
Did we intrude into privacy? Yes.
112
00:06:33,602 --> 00:06:35,062
But I was all right with it
113
00:06:35,145 --> 00:06:37,725
because I felt
that we were protecting the nation.
114
00:06:40,400 --> 00:06:43,070
We cooperated with the FBI.
115
00:06:44,404 --> 00:06:47,284
We were, uh, intimate.
116
00:06:49,117 --> 00:06:52,407
They had a guywho was there every day
117
00:06:52,496 --> 00:06:54,576
going through our files and reports
118
00:06:55,415 --> 00:06:57,575
and giving themto his superiors.
119
00:06:58,252 --> 00:07:01,672
And this is in the age
of J. Edgar Hoover, of all things.
120
00:07:02,798 --> 00:07:06,298
Awful man, and we were his handmaidens.
121
00:07:06,385 --> 00:07:09,095
As long as I am director of the FBI,
122
00:07:09,179 --> 00:07:14,979
we will continue to maintainits high and impartial standards
123
00:07:15,060 --> 00:07:20,770
of investigation, despite
the hostile opinions of its detractors.
124
00:07:21,984 --> 00:07:26,364
In reconstructingthe chronology of Malcolm's life,
125
00:07:26,446 --> 00:07:27,946
working with the Malcolm X Project,
126
00:07:28,031 --> 00:07:30,661
which was founded by the late
Manning Marable
127
00:07:30,742 --> 00:07:32,162
at Columbia University,
128
00:07:32,244 --> 00:07:35,414
the FBI is an important source because
129
00:07:35,497 --> 00:07:39,787
of how extensivetheir surveillance was of him.
130
00:07:41,962 --> 00:07:45,472
You could chronicleMalcolm's daily movements,
131
00:07:46,175 --> 00:07:48,175
the date, the place, the people,
132
00:07:48,260 --> 00:07:50,850
by going through the FBI files.
133
00:07:52,306 --> 00:07:56,346
The FBI first started
investigating Malcolm in 1950.
134
00:07:57,019 --> 00:07:58,519
He was still in prison.
135
00:07:58,604 --> 00:08:00,024
Once he got out of prison,
136
00:08:00,814 --> 00:08:04,694
they kept almost daily tabs
on Malcolm.
137
00:08:05,277 --> 00:08:06,697
Malcolm kept them busy.
138
00:08:07,738 --> 00:08:08,858
The growth of the Nation
139
00:08:08,947 --> 00:08:10,987
and the FBI surveillance of Malcolm
140
00:08:11,074 --> 00:08:12,704
go hand-in-hand.
141
00:08:14,244 --> 00:08:16,664
I mean, Hoover has a deep history
142
00:08:16,747 --> 00:08:18,997
of trying to subvertblack radical movements
143
00:08:19,082 --> 00:08:22,502
and also a fear of what he later describes
144
00:08:22,586 --> 00:08:24,206
as "the black messiah,"
145
00:08:25,422 --> 00:08:29,342
this fear that one singular figureis going to lead
146
00:08:29,426 --> 00:08:31,966
exactly what he fears,which is a revolution.
147
00:08:32,596 --> 00:08:34,596
I pray that God will bless you
148
00:08:34,681 --> 00:08:35,851
in everything that you do.
149
00:08:37,226 --> 00:08:40,976
I pray that you will grow intellectually,
150
00:08:41,063 --> 00:08:43,523
so that you can understand
the problems of the world
151
00:08:43,607 --> 00:08:46,777
and where you fit into
in that world picture.
152
00:08:46,860 --> 00:08:48,900
Brother Malcolmmight have been that messiah
153
00:08:49,696 --> 00:08:53,156
who could have unified and electrified
154
00:08:53,242 --> 00:08:55,412
the Black Nationalist organizations.
155
00:08:55,911 --> 00:08:57,871
And that's what they did not want.
156
00:08:57,955 --> 00:08:59,745
- Thank you.
157
00:09:04,628 --> 00:09:07,628
The Bureau'sinvestigation of Malcolm X
158
00:09:07,714 --> 00:09:10,554
really picked up in the early 1960s
159
00:09:10,634 --> 00:09:12,974
as he became much more of a public figure
160
00:09:13,053 --> 00:09:15,513
because of his influencein bringing members
161
00:09:15,597 --> 00:09:17,637
into the Nation of Islam.
162
00:09:17,724 --> 00:09:21,104
The Bureau, like much of America,
was very afraid
163
00:09:21,186 --> 00:09:24,726
that radical revolutionary violence wason the horizon.
164
00:09:26,733 --> 00:09:29,863
And they were very concerned that perhaps
165
00:09:29,945 --> 00:09:32,655
there would be a leader to riseto focus that anger.
166
00:09:34,241 --> 00:09:36,741
And they took it on themselves
167
00:09:38,287 --> 00:09:40,827
to look for ways
to try and prevent that.
168
00:09:41,874 --> 00:09:44,214
Remember, Malcolm is political.
169
00:09:44,877 --> 00:09:46,797
Elijah Muhammad is religious.
170
00:09:47,546 --> 00:09:49,796
And the FBI's worst fear
171
00:09:49,882 --> 00:09:53,302
is that Elijah Muhammadwould become more political.
172
00:09:53,385 --> 00:09:54,425
The Nation of Islam,
173
00:09:54,511 --> 00:09:58,471
which already has
a paramilitary structure,
174
00:09:59,850 --> 00:10:03,350
could then be convertedinto soldiers for struggle.
175
00:10:04,229 --> 00:10:07,609
So the FBI was determined
176
00:10:07,691 --> 00:10:10,111
to use counterintelligence techniques
177
00:10:10,194 --> 00:10:12,824
to create more distance and schisms
178
00:10:12,905 --> 00:10:15,815
between Malcolm and Elijah Muhammad.
179
00:10:23,874 --> 00:10:25,964
- Salaam-alaikum.
- Walaikum-saalam.
180
00:10:27,503 --> 00:10:29,053
Mr. Moderator,
181
00:10:29,963 --> 00:10:31,473
our distinguished guests,
182
00:10:32,716 --> 00:10:33,876
brothers and sisters,
183
00:10:35,177 --> 00:10:37,177
our friends, and our enemies...
184
00:10:39,640 --> 00:10:42,480
He said, "If you have a fear
about being...
185
00:10:42,559 --> 00:10:44,439
of coming under FBI surveillance,
186
00:10:44,520 --> 00:10:46,100
then you should not
get involved with me."
187
00:10:46,188 --> 00:10:47,728
Everybody is here.
188
00:10:49,233 --> 00:10:53,493
Sometimes, they would have agents
to attend meetings,
189
00:10:53,570 --> 00:10:57,120
but that depends on
what type of gathering it is.
190
00:10:57,616 --> 00:10:59,986
If white people are okay to be in it,
191
00:11:00,077 --> 00:11:02,907
then you can expect to see an agent,but if it's not,
192
00:11:02,996 --> 00:11:05,076
then they have informants,
193
00:11:05,165 --> 00:11:08,785
and you must make a distinction
between an informant and an agent.
194
00:11:13,090 --> 00:11:16,930
How old were you at the time
when you were assigned Malcolm X?
195
00:11:17,803 --> 00:11:22,473
I would imagine I was 27, 28.
196
00:11:29,314 --> 00:11:31,444
There's a thousand agentsin New York City.
197
00:11:32,359 --> 00:11:34,189
And then there was this one little squad
198
00:11:34,278 --> 00:11:38,908
run by a fella named Rucklethat did black extremists.
199
00:11:38,991 --> 00:11:41,161
So, I ended up on his squad.
200
00:11:42,578 --> 00:11:45,618
We called ourselvesthe "Ruckle's Raiders," you know?
201
00:11:48,917 --> 00:11:52,167
So I spent every day working Malcolm X.
202
00:11:52,254 --> 00:11:54,134
We ran spot surveillances,
203
00:11:55,007 --> 00:11:56,377
developed informants.
204
00:11:57,676 --> 00:12:00,216
We didn't have any black agents,
205
00:12:00,304 --> 00:12:03,144
so you had to go out andyou had to develop informants.
206
00:12:03,223 --> 00:12:05,853
These were just black peoplewe picked up on the street.
207
00:12:08,103 --> 00:12:09,813
We were all the time looking for somebody
208
00:12:09,897 --> 00:12:11,437
that you thought you could use.
209
00:12:12,399 --> 00:12:14,319
And not only us,
210
00:12:14,943 --> 00:12:18,203
the Bureau of Special Serviceof the New York City Police Department,
211
00:12:18,280 --> 00:12:19,950
they had their informants.
212
00:12:20,032 --> 00:12:21,952
So we would exchange information.
213
00:12:24,203 --> 00:12:26,663
I would meet them. Never in Harlem.
214
00:12:26,747 --> 00:12:29,167
I would search out places.
215
00:12:29,958 --> 00:12:32,588
Underground garages, movie theaters.
216
00:12:32,669 --> 00:12:34,459
I liked the movie theaters.
217
00:12:34,546 --> 00:12:36,716
Movie theaters were dark. I'd go in.
218
00:12:37,382 --> 00:12:39,722
The informant knewI'd go down the left aisle,
219
00:12:39,801 --> 00:12:42,141
half-way down, take the second seat in.
220
00:12:42,971 --> 00:12:47,941
He'd come and sit beside me.We'd exchange information.
221
00:12:48,018 --> 00:12:48,848
Then he'd leave.
222
00:12:49,436 --> 00:12:51,646
I'd stay and watch the movie.
223
00:13:00,739 --> 00:13:03,659
There are documents in the FBI file
224
00:13:04,618 --> 00:13:07,158
that clearly establish FBI agents
225
00:13:07,246 --> 00:13:10,366
were tracking Elijah Muhammad,
the Nation of Islam,
226
00:13:10,457 --> 00:13:11,787
and Malcolm X,
227
00:13:11,875 --> 00:13:14,285
and they knew all the secrets.
228
00:13:16,797 --> 00:13:19,717
The question is,what did they do with the information?
229
00:13:20,884 --> 00:13:22,934
- Hey, there. Great to see you!
- Good to see you, Dave.
230
00:13:24,888 --> 00:13:29,518
Dave Garrow is an expert
on the FBI's involvement
231
00:13:29,601 --> 00:13:34,441
in disrupting black groups
during the '60s and the '70s.
232
00:13:34,523 --> 00:13:35,943
Come in and sit down.
233
00:13:36,024 --> 00:13:39,364
He and I check inoccasionally about the Malcolm X case.
234
00:13:39,444 --> 00:13:42,744
I think many people would imagine that
235
00:13:42,823 --> 00:13:46,913
the most wiretapped person by Hoover's FBI
236
00:13:46,994 --> 00:13:48,914
was Martin Luther King, Jr.
237
00:13:48,996 --> 00:13:50,496
Well, no.
238
00:13:50,581 --> 00:13:56,801
The person who was most
electronically surveilled by Hoover's FBI
239
00:13:56,879 --> 00:13:58,459
was Elijah Muhammad.
240
00:14:02,759 --> 00:14:08,599
The FBI was listening to Elijah Muhammadand his top aides 24 hours a day.
241
00:14:11,518 --> 00:14:14,438
So, this speaks very explicitly
242
00:14:14,521 --> 00:14:19,611
to how important Hoover's FBIthought the Nation of Islam was.
243
00:14:22,821 --> 00:14:25,371
Bless me...
244
00:14:25,449 --> 00:14:28,409
The FBI may very wellmay not have understood
245
00:14:28,493 --> 00:14:30,753
everything of what they were hearing,
246
00:14:32,122 --> 00:14:35,002
but those electronic surveillance logs
247
00:14:35,083 --> 00:14:38,093
may be evidencetowards identifying
248
00:14:38,170 --> 00:14:42,050
who the conspiratorsbehind Malcolm's murder were.
249
00:14:44,468 --> 00:14:48,808
Now, these 1962 documents
where the Bureau is aiming
250
00:14:48,889 --> 00:14:51,889
to publicly embarrass Elijah Muhammad,
251
00:14:51,975 --> 00:14:54,935
you know,
that's a classic Bureau tactic.
252
00:14:55,437 --> 00:14:56,557
You should have a look at this.
253
00:14:59,942 --> 00:15:02,192
"Bureau continues to receive information
254
00:15:02,277 --> 00:15:05,857
through investigation conducted
by Chicago and Phoenix
255
00:15:05,948 --> 00:15:09,908
that Elijah Muhammad is engagingin extramarital activities
256
00:15:09,993 --> 00:15:14,163
with at least five female membersof the Nation of Islam.
257
00:15:14,748 --> 00:15:16,328
This information indicates
258
00:15:16,416 --> 00:15:19,796
Muhammad has fathered some children
by these women...
259
00:15:20,754 --> 00:15:23,634
These paradoxesin the character of Elijah Muhammed
260
00:15:23,715 --> 00:15:28,255
make him extremely vulnerable to criticismby his followers."
261
00:15:29,137 --> 00:15:33,307
So, they're trying to find a way
to damage his reputation
262
00:15:33,392 --> 00:15:35,852
and damage his image
with his own followers.
263
00:15:35,936 --> 00:15:38,016
Right.
264
00:15:38,105 --> 00:15:39,185
As I can show you here,
265
00:15:39,273 --> 00:15:42,573
this is a great example
of how the Bureau used
266
00:15:42,651 --> 00:15:46,361
counterintelligence tactics,
or COINTELPRO,
267
00:15:46,446 --> 00:15:48,316
to embarrass Elijah.
268
00:15:48,907 --> 00:15:51,827
This is coming out
of the Internal Security Section
269
00:15:51,910 --> 00:15:54,040
at FBI headquarters.
270
00:15:54,621 --> 00:15:56,711
"Chicago is authorized
to prepare and mail
271
00:15:56,790 --> 00:15:58,960
an anonymous letter to Clara Muhammad.
272
00:15:59,042 --> 00:16:01,842
These letters should be mailed
at staggered intervals,
273
00:16:01,920 --> 00:16:04,880
using care to prevent any possibility
of tracing the mailing
274
00:16:04,965 --> 00:16:06,045
back to the FBI."
275
00:16:06,717 --> 00:16:09,427
So these are the kind of tactics
the FBI was using?
276
00:16:10,095 --> 00:16:11,215
- Yes.
- These poison pen letters.
277
00:16:11,305 --> 00:16:12,635
Yes.
278
00:16:12,723 --> 00:16:17,693
COINTELPRO was the FBI's nicknamefor dirty tricks.
279
00:16:21,899 --> 00:16:24,479
The tactics of COINTELPRO
280
00:16:24,568 --> 00:16:27,608
were meant to disruptthe ability of groups to focus
281
00:16:27,696 --> 00:16:29,816
and to coordinate activities.
282
00:16:29,907 --> 00:16:32,077
They're trying to use information
283
00:16:32,159 --> 00:16:33,659
that the Bureau had gathered
over the years
284
00:16:33,744 --> 00:16:36,164
to disrupt
some of these more radical groups
285
00:16:36,246 --> 00:16:37,866
that they thought were threats.
286
00:16:38,624 --> 00:16:39,964
What is the significance
287
00:16:40,042 --> 00:16:44,052
of the Western Union telegram
from J. Edgar Hoover that reads,
288
00:16:44,129 --> 00:16:46,549
"Enough of this black violence"?
289
00:16:46,632 --> 00:16:47,882
Then there's another quote,
290
00:16:48,550 --> 00:16:51,350
"Do something about Malcolm X."
291
00:16:53,555 --> 00:16:56,175
What would the director be asking for?
292
00:16:56,266 --> 00:16:59,386
There is obviously an issue
which he's concerned with,
293
00:16:59,478 --> 00:17:00,648
the violence.
294
00:17:01,688 --> 00:17:05,568
Could that be interpreted
as something more nefarious?
295
00:17:05,651 --> 00:17:07,111
Is it possible?
296
00:17:08,153 --> 00:17:10,493
- As far as the activity--
- I mean, "Do something."
297
00:17:10,572 --> 00:17:14,202
Well, the range of things
we've seen the Bureau do
298
00:17:14,284 --> 00:17:18,164
from sending anonymous letters,
299
00:17:18,247 --> 00:17:20,077
sending material to the press
300
00:17:21,333 --> 00:17:23,633
to try and create riftswithin the group...
301
00:17:23,710 --> 00:17:27,760
So more nefarious seems
to be going a little far.
302
00:17:27,840 --> 00:17:31,050
On the other hand,
these were all activities well outside
303
00:17:31,134 --> 00:17:33,304
of anything the Bureau
should have been doing.
304
00:17:35,264 --> 00:17:39,644
Obviously, the kind of investigationthat was begun on Malcolm X
305
00:17:39,726 --> 00:17:41,476
would not have cut mustard today.
306
00:17:51,238 --> 00:17:54,778
When men will seek
to destroy the church of God...
307
00:17:54,867 --> 00:17:55,907
Mmm-hmm.
308
00:17:55,993 --> 00:17:59,253
...they have degenerated
to a tragic level...
309
00:17:59,329 --> 00:18:02,209
- Hmm!
- Of inhumanity and sin.
310
00:18:03,083 --> 00:18:04,793
The goalof Dr. Martin Luther King
311
00:18:04,877 --> 00:18:06,877
is to get Negroes to forgive the people
312
00:18:06,962 --> 00:18:09,422
who have brutalized them
for 400 years by...
313
00:18:09,506 --> 00:18:11,006
by lulling them to sleep
314
00:18:11,091 --> 00:18:13,091
and making them forgetwhat those whites have done to them.
315
00:18:14,511 --> 00:18:16,971
The civil rights movement
was just getting cranked up,
316
00:18:17,055 --> 00:18:20,135
but laying down
and letting people spit on you,
317
00:18:20,225 --> 00:18:23,805
and beat you, and hoses on you,
and you just be there,
318
00:18:23,896 --> 00:18:26,686
and nonviolent,it didn't appeal to Malcolm.
319
00:18:28,650 --> 00:18:31,610
He wanted something
that had a little more bite to it.
320
00:18:31,695 --> 00:18:33,945
As long as the dogs were biting
Negro women,
321
00:18:34,031 --> 00:18:35,911
Negro babies, and Negro children,
322
00:18:35,991 --> 00:18:37,371
Kennedy said nothing.
323
00:18:37,451 --> 00:18:41,121
It was only after the Negroes
began to strike back...
324
00:18:42,039 --> 00:18:44,459
You see,
the Nation of Islam had a position
325
00:18:44,541 --> 00:18:46,751
where they didn't get involved
in politics.
326
00:18:46,835 --> 00:18:48,705
And totally opposed, you know,
327
00:18:48,795 --> 00:18:52,125
to the general activities,
in terms of civic affairs.
328
00:18:52,716 --> 00:18:55,256
The way things were going in the '60s,
329
00:18:55,344 --> 00:18:58,434
Malcolm could not abideby that apolitical philosophy.
330
00:18:58,514 --> 00:19:00,894
He said some very, very harsh things
331
00:19:00,974 --> 00:19:02,644
against the civil rights leaders.
332
00:19:02,726 --> 00:19:05,596
Martin Luther King is just a 20th century,
or modern, Uncle Tom
333
00:19:05,687 --> 00:19:07,517
who is doing the same thing today
334
00:19:07,606 --> 00:19:10,186
to keep Negroes defenselessin the face of attack
335
00:19:10,275 --> 00:19:13,355
that Uncle Tom did on the plantationto keep those Negroes defenseless.
336
00:19:13,445 --> 00:19:16,695
For years,Malcolm was beating up on King.
337
00:19:16,782 --> 00:19:19,082
That's what you mean by nonviolent.
Be defenseless.
338
00:19:19,159 --> 00:19:21,289
♪ Marching out the freedom band! ♪
339
00:19:21,370 --> 00:19:23,870
He said, "It's time to stop singing,
340
00:19:23,956 --> 00:19:25,116
and start swinging."
341
00:19:27,084 --> 00:19:30,004
It was politicsthat really started the rift
342
00:19:30,087 --> 00:19:32,877
between Malcolm and the Nation.
343
00:19:32,965 --> 00:19:36,215
And the Ronald Stokes incidentin Los Angeles
344
00:19:36,301 --> 00:19:37,851
changed everything.
345
00:19:37,928 --> 00:19:40,598
The LAPD clashedwith a group of young black Muslims.
346
00:19:41,682 --> 00:19:43,022
One Negro was killed,
347
00:19:43,100 --> 00:19:45,690
and six others seriously injured.
348
00:19:46,728 --> 00:19:48,558
Black communities in Los Angeles
349
00:19:48,647 --> 00:19:51,777
had been fighting for yearsagainst police brutality.
350
00:19:52,568 --> 00:19:57,778
And an off-duty police officerwinds up shooting Ronald Stokes
351
00:19:57,865 --> 00:19:59,945
while he has his arms extended
in prayer.
352
00:20:00,033 --> 00:20:01,373
Seven Muslims were shot.
353
00:20:01,451 --> 00:20:03,951
None of them were armed.None of them were struggling.
354
00:20:04,037 --> 00:20:05,287
None of them were fighting.
355
00:20:05,372 --> 00:20:07,002
None of them were tryingto defend themselves.
356
00:20:07,082 --> 00:20:10,592
Malcolm had beenbuilding up the mosque in Los Angeles
357
00:20:10,669 --> 00:20:12,669
since the late '50s.
358
00:20:12,754 --> 00:20:15,304
Ronald Stokes was the mosque's secretary.
359
00:20:16,925 --> 00:20:19,755
Malcolm knew Ronald Stokes from Boston.
360
00:20:19,845 --> 00:20:21,175
He was very close to him,
361
00:20:22,598 --> 00:20:25,058
and I believe it was Dr. Betty Shabazz
362
00:20:25,142 --> 00:20:30,902
said that that was the only time
she ever saw Malcolm X cry,
363
00:20:31,940 --> 00:20:33,190
when Ronald Stokes was killed.
364
00:20:34,234 --> 00:20:36,744
You can talk about Birmingham,
Alabama all you want,
365
00:20:36,820 --> 00:20:39,280
this happened in
Los Angeles, California...
366
00:20:39,364 --> 00:20:41,534
Malcolm wants revenge.
367
00:20:41,617 --> 00:20:43,697
According to peoplewho are close to Malcolm,
368
00:20:43,785 --> 00:20:48,915
he wants to organize people to go outand deal with the police who did this.
369
00:20:48,999 --> 00:20:52,379
We have witnesses
who saw this Negro beaten
370
00:20:52,461 --> 00:20:55,091
by the police as he was laying
on the sidewalk, dying,
371
00:20:55,172 --> 00:20:56,762
with a bullet already through his heart.
372
00:20:56,840 --> 00:20:58,130
This is Ronald Stokes,
373
00:20:58,217 --> 00:21:00,467
he's a Phi Beta Kappa, Korean vet.
374
00:21:00,552 --> 00:21:03,142
Not only did Elijah Muhammad veto
375
00:21:03,222 --> 00:21:05,352
retaliation against the police,
376
00:21:06,225 --> 00:21:09,595
he said, "Cool Malcolm down.
Cool him down, man.
377
00:21:09,686 --> 00:21:10,556
Cool him down.
378
00:21:10,646 --> 00:21:13,816
I'm not about to go to war
with the Los Angeles police."
379
00:21:15,651 --> 00:21:17,691
The Nation of Islam
at this time was making
380
00:21:17,778 --> 00:21:20,658
an incredible amount of money
through their business empire.
381
00:21:21,657 --> 00:21:23,657
So, for Malcolm to be up there
382
00:21:23,742 --> 00:21:25,452
making all these political statements,
383
00:21:25,536 --> 00:21:27,116
it's threatening their money,
384
00:21:27,204 --> 00:21:29,924
and it caused the Nation
a lot of problems.
385
00:21:29,998 --> 00:21:33,628
We do believe in defending ourselves
if we're attacked...
386
00:21:33,710 --> 00:21:36,550
Elijah Muhammad is against
the police brutality,
387
00:21:36,630 --> 00:21:38,670
but doesn't want Malcolm
to take this active stance.
388
00:21:38,757 --> 00:21:40,377
And Malcolm has to come home.
389
00:21:41,426 --> 00:21:44,296
Many of you thought
that we should go right on out then
390
00:21:44,388 --> 00:21:46,558
and make war on the white man.
391
00:21:46,640 --> 00:21:48,350
You wanted to do it yourself, didn't you?
392
00:21:48,433 --> 00:21:51,273
And Malcolm was very embarrassed by that.
393
00:21:51,353 --> 00:21:54,653
Because after all of this rhetoric
about an "eye for an eye,"
394
00:21:54,731 --> 00:21:55,981
you guys did nothing.
395
00:21:56,066 --> 00:21:57,776
'Cause you don't like the idea
396
00:21:57,860 --> 00:22:00,320
of white people shooting
black people down, do you?
397
00:22:00,404 --> 00:22:04,834
And this was escalating tensions
between Malcolm and the Nation.
398
00:22:04,908 --> 00:22:07,238
And the white man should be thankful
399
00:22:07,995 --> 00:22:10,615
that God has given
the Honorable Elijah Muhammad
400
00:22:10,706 --> 00:22:13,916
the control over his followers
that he has,
401
00:22:14,001 --> 00:22:18,381
so that they can play it cool,
calm, and collected.
402
00:22:19,131 --> 00:22:22,301
At this stage of the game,based upon information
403
00:22:22,384 --> 00:22:24,684
that the Bureau received
404
00:22:24,761 --> 00:22:26,971
through their taps
and through other sources,
405
00:22:27,055 --> 00:22:29,175
they began to see some ripples.
406
00:22:29,266 --> 00:22:33,396
They began to see that
all was not well in paradise.
407
00:22:34,313 --> 00:22:37,523
The Honorable Elijah Muhammad
said we were "honeycombed"
408
00:22:37,608 --> 00:22:40,988
with enemies who wanted
to destroy the movement from within.
409
00:22:41,069 --> 00:22:42,649
Whether they were working for the FBI
410
00:22:42,738 --> 00:22:44,818
or workingfor the New York Police Department,
411
00:22:44,907 --> 00:22:47,527
the enemies of the Nation of Islam
412
00:22:47,618 --> 00:22:51,748
wanted to kill two birds
with one stone.
413
00:22:52,873 --> 00:22:57,423
The FBI had three humaninformants in the Nation of Islam
414
00:22:57,503 --> 00:23:01,633
whom it regarded as TOPLEV informants.
415
00:23:01,715 --> 00:23:06,885
That TOPLEV is simply anabbreviation for "top level."
416
00:23:06,970 --> 00:23:12,480
At the top of the Nation of Islam,it was a very small little pyramid.
417
00:23:12,559 --> 00:23:17,979
So, when we have the FBI sayingthat they have three top-level informants,
418
00:23:18,065 --> 00:23:21,525
the potential pool of individuals
419
00:23:21,610 --> 00:23:25,240
is less than ten possible people.
420
00:23:35,791 --> 00:23:37,671
I went to Washington.
421
00:23:37,751 --> 00:23:41,341
They arranged for me
to be interviewed by Hoover.
422
00:23:43,799 --> 00:23:44,839
He turned me down.
423
00:23:45,551 --> 00:23:48,011
I was turned down directly by Hoover.
424
00:23:48,846 --> 00:23:50,556
He said, "Not at this time."
425
00:23:51,849 --> 00:23:53,769
I'm on the phone with John Ali,
426
00:23:53,851 --> 00:23:56,561
former national secretaryfor the Nation of Islam
427
00:23:56,645 --> 00:23:59,015
under the leadershipof the Honorable Elijah Muhammad.
428
00:23:59,106 --> 00:24:01,226
Yeah, Brother John,there's been rumors
429
00:24:01,316 --> 00:24:03,986
that you was a double agentworking for the FBI.
430
00:24:04,069 --> 00:24:05,279
Did you want to comment on that?
431
00:24:06,196 --> 00:24:07,656
Well...
432
00:24:07,739 --> 00:24:10,119
I was no agent for the FBI
433
00:24:10,200 --> 00:24:14,200
or any other entityof the United States.
434
00:24:14,288 --> 00:24:17,288
They all was the same to the Messenger.He didn't...
435
00:24:17,374 --> 00:24:21,254
People used to tellthe Messenger they heard rumors,
436
00:24:21,336 --> 00:24:25,336
"John Ali was a FBI" or something,
437
00:24:25,966 --> 00:24:30,426
but this didn't excite the Messenger
or make him apprehensive.
438
00:24:31,430 --> 00:24:33,310
The Messenger stated clearly
439
00:24:33,390 --> 00:24:35,730
that everything has failed
440
00:24:37,144 --> 00:24:40,274
the American so-called Negro.
441
00:24:42,774 --> 00:24:45,244
The government, the Congress,
442
00:24:46,069 --> 00:24:48,609
the FBI, and the church.
443
00:24:50,782 --> 00:24:52,832
They all were the same to the Messenger.
444
00:24:52,910 --> 00:24:58,040
He didn't view onemore vicious than the other.
445
00:24:58,123 --> 00:25:01,083
They're all pockets on the same pants.
446
00:25:03,712 --> 00:25:06,302
So if there was no shamein being an FBI informant,
447
00:25:06,924 --> 00:25:08,884
was there any truth to the rumor
that you were?
448
00:25:08,967 --> 00:25:11,047
No.
449
00:25:12,179 --> 00:25:15,769
No more than saying
I was a usher in a church,
450
00:25:15,849 --> 00:25:18,229
because they're all the same.
451
00:25:18,310 --> 00:25:20,230
Pockets on the same pants.
452
00:25:29,905 --> 00:25:32,065
Let every nation know
453
00:25:33,158 --> 00:25:35,868
that we shall pay any price,
454
00:25:35,953 --> 00:25:38,123
oppose any foe,
455
00:25:38,872 --> 00:25:41,752
to assure the survivaland the success of liberty.
456
00:25:44,753 --> 00:25:47,213
And so, my fellow Americans,
457
00:25:47,297 --> 00:25:51,427
ask not what your country can do for you,
458
00:25:51,510 --> 00:25:53,800
ask what you can do for your country.
459
00:25:57,558 --> 00:25:59,308
It appears as thoughsomething has happened
460
00:25:59,393 --> 00:26:00,483
in the motorcade route.
461
00:26:01,228 --> 00:26:03,148
It was definitely the president's car.
462
00:26:04,439 --> 00:26:05,979
Apparently something is wrong here,
463
00:26:06,066 --> 00:26:07,316
something is terribly wrong.
464
00:26:08,735 --> 00:26:13,315
President John F. Kennedy died
at approximately one o'clock
465
00:26:13,407 --> 00:26:18,077
Central Standard Time,
today, here in Dallas.
466
00:26:19,413 --> 00:26:23,083
The Kennedy assassination
was really the proverbial straw
467
00:26:23,166 --> 00:26:24,536
that broke the camel's back.
468
00:26:25,127 --> 00:26:30,127
We all was shocked
at the hearing of this tragedy.
469
00:26:31,008 --> 00:26:33,758
Elijah Muhammadhad great respect for Kennedy,
470
00:26:34,887 --> 00:26:36,677
and said, "This man
is the country's president.
471
00:26:36,763 --> 00:26:37,973
This is our country.
472
00:26:38,056 --> 00:26:39,846
So we can't say anything disrespectful."
473
00:26:43,020 --> 00:26:45,060
In the months leading up to this,
474
00:26:45,147 --> 00:26:49,987
Malcolm has been verbally
beating up John Kennedy.
475
00:26:50,068 --> 00:26:53,028
So everyone wants to knowwhat Malcolm is thinking.
476
00:26:55,240 --> 00:26:57,200
Malcolm had made preparations
477
00:26:57,284 --> 00:26:59,664
to bring the Honorable Elijah Muhammadto New York
478
00:26:59,745 --> 00:27:01,655
for a big speech.
479
00:27:01,747 --> 00:27:04,827
And Kennedy, in the interim,
had been assassinated.
480
00:27:04,917 --> 00:27:07,087
So he told Malcolm,
"We'll call the meeting off."
481
00:27:07,753 --> 00:27:09,843
Malcolm pleaded withthe Honorable Elijah Muhammad.
482
00:27:09,922 --> 00:27:12,132
He said, "If you'll let mecontinue with that meeting,
483
00:27:12,216 --> 00:27:14,006
I won't say anything about Kennedy."
484
00:27:15,552 --> 00:27:19,182
So the Honorable Elijah Muhammad told him
that he could go ahead with it.
485
00:27:19,264 --> 00:27:22,984
But he said, "Be sure you don't say
anything about the late president."
486
00:27:23,060 --> 00:27:24,310
He said, "He's well-loved
487
00:27:24,394 --> 00:27:26,444
and it would not rest wellwith the people."
488
00:27:33,403 --> 00:27:36,373
Malcolm wasat his house in Queens.
489
00:27:37,574 --> 00:27:43,254
I was assigned to escort Malcolm,
uh, to the Manhattan Center.
490
00:27:44,289 --> 00:27:47,999
We drove down to Manhattan Center.
491
00:27:50,462 --> 00:27:52,882
So Malcolm went
through that whole program.
492
00:27:52,965 --> 00:27:54,835
Never said anything about the president.
493
00:27:56,093 --> 00:27:58,893
At the end,he opens the floor for questions,
494
00:27:59,596 --> 00:28:00,886
and a man stood up.
495
00:28:02,516 --> 00:28:04,556
To this day, I can see his face.
496
00:28:05,310 --> 00:28:09,360
And he said, "Minister Malcolm,
do you care to comment
497
00:28:09,439 --> 00:28:14,529
on the death, the assassination
of John F. Kennedy?"
498
00:28:17,239 --> 00:28:20,199
Malcolm dropped his head down,and thought,
499
00:28:20,284 --> 00:28:24,004
and it looked like that minute
of silence was an hour,
500
00:28:24,079 --> 00:28:25,579
and then he raised his head.
501
00:28:26,290 --> 00:28:27,920
Malcolm X, second-in-command
502
00:28:28,000 --> 00:28:30,130
of the Black Muslim Movement,
expressed joy
503
00:28:30,210 --> 00:28:31,960
at the assassination
of President Kennedy
504
00:28:32,045 --> 00:28:33,795
at a Manhattan rally last Sunday.
505
00:28:33,881 --> 00:28:35,761
Malcolm said that
the killing of the president
506
00:28:35,841 --> 00:28:38,391
was an instance
of "the chickens coming home to roost."
507
00:28:38,468 --> 00:28:39,888
He added, and we quote,
508
00:28:39,970 --> 00:28:41,890
"Being an old farm boy myself,
509
00:28:41,972 --> 00:28:44,602
chickens coming home to roost
never make me sad.
510
00:28:44,683 --> 00:28:46,313
They always make me glad."
511
00:28:46,393 --> 00:28:49,693
And the audience brokeinto a tremendous applause.
512
00:28:49,771 --> 00:28:51,481
He didn't take no more questions.
513
00:28:51,565 --> 00:28:53,185
He walked off the stage.
514
00:28:54,401 --> 00:28:57,611
And I was surprised.
It shocked me.
515
00:28:57,696 --> 00:28:59,066
Why would he say that?
516
00:28:59,156 --> 00:29:01,276
And especially the Kennedys.
517
00:29:02,409 --> 00:29:03,369
I think, at this point,
518
00:29:03,452 --> 00:29:06,502
Malcolm was tiredof this kind of political game
519
00:29:06,580 --> 00:29:07,870
Elijah Muhammad was playing.
520
00:29:07,956 --> 00:29:10,826
Look, all the violence
that this government
521
00:29:11,376 --> 00:29:14,456
has brought to other parts of the world
is coming home now.
522
00:29:14,546 --> 00:29:15,836
That's our teaching!
523
00:29:15,923 --> 00:29:17,843
Well, I said the same thing
that everybody says,
524
00:29:17,925 --> 00:29:21,755
that, uh, his assassination was the result
of the climate of hate,
525
00:29:21,845 --> 00:29:24,555
only I said, "The chickens
came home to roost,"
526
00:29:24,640 --> 00:29:26,140
which means the same thing.
527
00:29:26,225 --> 00:29:27,675
Because the president died,
528
00:29:27,768 --> 00:29:30,348
we're not going to speak the truth?
529
00:29:30,437 --> 00:29:33,477
But you did not say
you were glad the president was killed?
530
00:29:33,565 --> 00:29:35,275
- No. That's what the press said.
- Uh-huh.
531
00:29:35,359 --> 00:29:37,149
What will I look like saying that I'm glad
532
00:29:37,236 --> 00:29:38,146
the president was killed?
533
00:29:38,237 --> 00:29:39,397
John Ali was there.
534
00:29:40,614 --> 00:29:42,624
He claims that he wasn't, but he was.
535
00:29:42,699 --> 00:29:45,199
And he ran to the phone,he called Chicago.
536
00:29:45,285 --> 00:29:47,365
He said, "Minister Malcolm is...
537
00:29:47,454 --> 00:29:49,214
He said this about the president."
538
00:29:50,207 --> 00:29:51,877
And the next day...
539
00:29:51,959 --> 00:29:53,749
This statement isfrom Messenger Elijah Muhammad,
540
00:29:53,836 --> 00:29:55,416
the leader of the Muslims of America.
541
00:29:55,504 --> 00:29:58,674
Minister Malcolm has been suspendedfrom public speaking
542
00:29:58,757 --> 00:30:00,007
for the time being.
543
00:30:02,970 --> 00:30:05,470
There are advantages to obeying, you know?
544
00:30:06,890 --> 00:30:10,100
And there are disadvantages to disobeying.
545
00:30:11,311 --> 00:30:13,561
You don't get a reward if you disobey.
546
00:30:14,565 --> 00:30:16,685
You only get a reward if you obey.
547
00:30:18,235 --> 00:30:19,815
Elijah Muhammad sat Malcolm down.
548
00:30:19,903 --> 00:30:23,373
He told him,"You can no longer represent us
549
00:30:23,448 --> 00:30:24,618
on a national level
550
00:30:25,367 --> 00:30:28,117
until a period of 90 days."
551
00:30:28,203 --> 00:30:31,543
He left him in charge
of the East Coast area,
552
00:30:31,623 --> 00:30:33,463
and left him on salary.
553
00:30:33,542 --> 00:30:35,712
Told him to sit downand don't say nothing.
554
00:30:36,712 --> 00:30:38,462
Malcolm knew what he was doing.
555
00:30:38,547 --> 00:30:40,167
He was being rebellious.
556
00:30:40,257 --> 00:30:41,717
He had gotten so popular,
557
00:30:41,800 --> 00:30:43,260
and it went to his head.
558
00:30:44,094 --> 00:30:47,264
This whole thingwas emotional from the time it started.
559
00:30:48,390 --> 00:30:50,180
Everything, the whole atmosphere,
560
00:30:50,267 --> 00:30:52,017
the environment was charged.
561
00:30:52,603 --> 00:30:55,023
Once the Messenger gave him those 90 days,
562
00:30:55,105 --> 00:30:57,065
people started taking sides.
563
00:30:57,149 --> 00:30:59,109
And then things just snowballedfrom there.
564
00:31:02,779 --> 00:31:06,069
I am not the number-two man
of the Muslim movement,
565
00:31:06,158 --> 00:31:10,408
like the press has been
saying over and over.
566
00:31:11,538 --> 00:31:15,878
The FBI, by this point,has a pretty well-worn strategy.
567
00:31:15,959 --> 00:31:20,299
And they're making sure thatthe public feels like there's a tension
568
00:31:20,380 --> 00:31:22,800
between Elijah Muhammad and Malcolm X.
569
00:31:24,301 --> 00:31:27,721
They are pretty activelyfeeding information
570
00:31:27,804 --> 00:31:29,474
through journalists.
571
00:31:30,015 --> 00:31:32,095
And it fed into this narrative
572
00:31:32,768 --> 00:31:34,768
that Malcolm was trying
to take over the Nation.
573
00:31:35,771 --> 00:31:38,401
So Malcolm has toconstantly go around and say,
574
00:31:38,482 --> 00:31:41,742
"I'm not the next leader.
I'm not the number two."
575
00:31:41,818 --> 00:31:45,818
And it's an insult to me
to refer to me as the "heir apparent"
576
00:31:45,906 --> 00:31:47,566
of the Honorable Elijah Muhammad.
577
00:31:47,658 --> 00:31:48,578
I'm his minister.
578
00:31:49,451 --> 00:31:51,911
Elijah Muhammad, he started delegating
579
00:31:51,995 --> 00:31:57,705
more of the administration
of the Nation to his children
580
00:31:57,793 --> 00:32:01,173
and the national secretary, John Ali.
581
00:32:02,089 --> 00:32:05,509
They started putting seeds of doubtin his mind
582
00:32:06,343 --> 00:32:07,893
about Malcolm's loyalty.
583
00:32:08,595 --> 00:32:10,385
And they're getting in his head.
584
00:32:10,472 --> 00:32:12,272
"Did you hear what Minister Malcolm said?"
585
00:32:13,141 --> 00:32:16,481
And Elijah Muhammad starts believing this,
586
00:32:17,104 --> 00:32:19,984
and he starts seeing Malcolmas being dangerous.
587
00:32:21,149 --> 00:32:23,149
My work is divine work.
588
00:32:23,235 --> 00:32:25,145
Allah has chosen me for the work
589
00:32:25,654 --> 00:32:28,374
and I put down one and take up another,
590
00:32:28,949 --> 00:32:32,829
and if one baby don't act right, he'llspank him anyway and make him act right.
591
00:32:39,001 --> 00:32:40,751
When I had the Malcolm X case,
592
00:32:41,461 --> 00:32:43,341
I was interested in finding outthat they were
593
00:32:43,422 --> 00:32:46,592
turning on each otherand who was in which faction.
594
00:32:46,675 --> 00:32:50,385
So when Malcolm was suspended,I interviewed him in his home
595
00:32:50,470 --> 00:32:53,020
and tried to talk himinto being an informant.
596
00:33:01,148 --> 00:33:02,398
Good morning, how do you do?
597
00:33:02,482 --> 00:33:03,612
We're the FBI.
598
00:33:03,692 --> 00:33:05,322
Do you have a couple of minutes?
Like to talk to you.
599
00:33:05,402 --> 00:33:06,952
All right, a couple of minutes.
600
00:33:09,072 --> 00:33:12,202
I did not knowit was being recorded at the time.
601
00:33:12,910 --> 00:33:14,620
And your name is, uh...?
602
00:33:14,703 --> 00:33:15,913
- Beckwith.
- Beckwith?
603
00:33:15,996 --> 00:33:17,246
- Right.
- And your name is?
604
00:33:17,331 --> 00:33:18,421
- Fulton.
- Fulton.
605
00:33:19,583 --> 00:33:21,463
Uh, frankly, one of the reasons
606
00:33:21,543 --> 00:33:22,793
we picked this particular time
607
00:33:22,878 --> 00:33:25,418
to contact youis because of the suspension.
608
00:33:26,340 --> 00:33:29,380
The suspensionwas brought about by my own doing.
609
00:33:29,468 --> 00:33:31,178
Yeah, exactly.
610
00:33:31,261 --> 00:33:33,261
Uh, we would be...
611
00:33:33,347 --> 00:33:36,427
interested in having you help us out.
612
00:33:37,434 --> 00:33:39,144
Help you out to do what?
613
00:33:40,103 --> 00:33:41,863
What we're interested in,
614
00:33:42,481 --> 00:33:45,071
um, basically... are the names...
615
00:33:45,150 --> 00:33:46,530
Who they are, their identification.
616
00:33:46,610 --> 00:33:48,030
I don't even know them.
617
00:33:48,111 --> 00:33:49,491
Uh... You have...
618
00:33:49,571 --> 00:33:50,611
Do you keep no records?
619
00:33:50,697 --> 00:33:54,447
That's not my job.I'm just a preacher.
620
00:33:54,535 --> 00:33:56,865
Yeah.But somebody up there keeps a record?
621
00:33:56,954 --> 00:33:57,914
I don't know who.
622
00:33:57,996 --> 00:34:00,826
I don't have any knowledgeof those kinds of things.
623
00:34:01,917 --> 00:34:05,127
Um... Sometimes, uh...
624
00:34:06,839 --> 00:34:09,969
Money brings out the information.
625
00:34:10,759 --> 00:34:13,969
Uh, and no intent to insult you here.
626
00:34:14,054 --> 00:34:15,764
You insult my intelligence.
627
00:34:15,848 --> 00:34:17,888
And in fact, no,you insult your own, because
628
00:34:17,975 --> 00:34:20,225
you wouldn't know in advancewhat I'm going to say
629
00:34:20,310 --> 00:34:21,400
when you ask that question.
630
00:34:22,062 --> 00:34:24,152
There is no government agency
631
00:34:24,857 --> 00:34:28,437
that can ever expectany information out of me.
632
00:34:30,070 --> 00:34:32,660
We talked to him in therefor a little over an hour.
633
00:34:33,282 --> 00:34:35,952
He was nice and courteous,
634
00:34:36,827 --> 00:34:38,327
but not too cooperative.
635
00:34:39,830 --> 00:34:41,670
So, it was a try.
636
00:34:41,748 --> 00:34:44,788
You make a stab at it.If it works, it works.
637
00:34:45,919 --> 00:34:47,499
If it doesn't work, you move on.
638
00:34:53,802 --> 00:34:55,222
Malcolm X, you were involved
639
00:34:55,304 --> 00:34:56,974
in a controversy some months agowith your leader.
640
00:34:57,055 --> 00:34:58,555
- Is that over?- I've been silent
641
00:34:58,640 --> 00:35:00,230
because of some statements I made
642
00:35:00,309 --> 00:35:02,639
concerning
the President of the United States.
643
00:35:02,728 --> 00:35:04,898
There is no such thing
as a split between you--
644
00:35:04,980 --> 00:35:07,730
No, the Honorable Elijah Muhammad
taught me everything I know
645
00:35:07,816 --> 00:35:09,186
and made me everything I am.
646
00:35:09,276 --> 00:35:11,696
Malcolm had learned to dependon Elijah Muhammad
647
00:35:11,778 --> 00:35:13,608
greater than a man would lookto his father.
648
00:35:13,697 --> 00:35:15,657
He didn't have a father,
just like me,
649
00:35:15,741 --> 00:35:17,491
and Elijah Muhammad was a father.
650
00:35:31,507 --> 00:35:34,047
When Malcolm was set downby Elijah Muhammad,
651
00:35:34,134 --> 00:35:36,144
he was not technically fired,
652
00:35:36,220 --> 00:35:38,560
but he was no longer allowed
to perform his duties.
653
00:35:39,056 --> 00:35:43,936
And Malcolm was writing letters
that were designed to reconcile.
654
00:35:48,607 --> 00:35:50,277
He would write.There was no answer.
655
00:35:50,359 --> 00:35:53,699
No way in the world
could he even contact Elijah Muhammad,
656
00:35:53,779 --> 00:35:55,779
'cause it wouldn't go past
the head office.
657
00:35:56,532 --> 00:35:57,912
Whatever his relationship was
658
00:35:57,991 --> 00:36:00,621
with Elijah Muhammadnow had so many intermediaries,
659
00:36:00,702 --> 00:36:03,292
he could not even directly communicate.
660
00:36:06,834 --> 00:36:09,424
I believe the authorities of this country,
661
00:36:09,503 --> 00:36:13,383
they been trying to put Elijah Muhammad
against Malcolm for the long...
662
00:36:13,465 --> 00:36:16,175
They were sending false mail out
during that rift.
663
00:36:17,386 --> 00:36:19,556
I was living in Miami at the time.
664
00:36:20,764 --> 00:36:23,234
I was a captain over at the mosque.
665
00:36:23,308 --> 00:36:25,848
They called me Captain Sam
back at that time.
666
00:36:26,436 --> 00:36:28,056
This is Sam Saxon,
667
00:36:28,146 --> 00:36:30,606
leader of a militant Miami mosque.
668
00:36:30,691 --> 00:36:32,281
They are black Muslims.
669
00:36:32,359 --> 00:36:36,199
And the FBI says the movementis a potential threat.
670
00:36:39,658 --> 00:36:42,288
So, I wasin the streets of Miami, selling papers.
671
00:36:42,369 --> 00:36:44,749
I heard somebody holler across the street
672
00:36:45,372 --> 00:36:46,672
"Hey, Brother!"
673
00:36:48,333 --> 00:36:49,713
He said, "Yeah, I'm Cassius Clay,
674
00:36:49,793 --> 00:36:52,213
I'm gonna be the next heavyweight
champion of the world."
675
00:36:52,880 --> 00:36:56,090
I was like, "Yeah, man, I know you.
You just won the Olympics."
676
00:36:58,260 --> 00:37:00,100
And from that day on,me and him, we hit it off
677
00:37:01,096 --> 00:37:02,636
like two peas in the same hull.
678
00:37:05,642 --> 00:37:09,652
I assigned myself as the head of securityfor Cassius Clay.
679
00:37:11,023 --> 00:37:13,323
I introduced him to Malcolm.
680
00:37:13,400 --> 00:37:14,440
The Honorable Elijah Muhammad
681
00:37:14,526 --> 00:37:17,236
sat Malcolm down
from speaking to the public
682
00:37:17,821 --> 00:37:19,111
for 90 days.
683
00:37:19,698 --> 00:37:21,868
So we brought Malcolm down to Miami
684
00:37:21,950 --> 00:37:23,330
and let him cool out.
685
00:37:24,328 --> 00:37:25,908
Give him a little vacation.
686
00:37:27,331 --> 00:37:29,081
That's when it come loose that
687
00:37:29,166 --> 00:37:30,536
Malcolm was in Miami
688
00:37:30,626 --> 00:37:32,836
to recruit Cassius Clay
689
00:37:33,504 --> 00:37:35,464
to the Black Muslim Movement.
690
00:37:39,885 --> 00:37:43,175
I want to talk with you brieflyabout your affiliation with Cassius.
691
00:37:43,263 --> 00:37:45,933
Cassius has beenfollowing the religion of Islam
692
00:37:46,016 --> 00:37:48,846
for the past four or five years,
and he's the most... He's always been
693
00:37:48,936 --> 00:37:50,936
the most likable, friendly
person in the world.
694
00:37:51,688 --> 00:37:54,318
Cassius Clay finds an image
695
00:37:54,399 --> 00:37:57,149
in the Nation of Islam,
and especially Malcolm X,
696
00:37:57,236 --> 00:37:59,566
that he's really, really attracted to.
697
00:37:59,655 --> 00:38:04,485
Clay says, "I saw the wayhe was battling these white folks
698
00:38:04,576 --> 00:38:05,486
and defeating them."
699
00:38:05,577 --> 00:38:08,037
And he said, "You know,
I fell in love with him."
700
00:38:08,121 --> 00:38:09,291
I frankly believe
701
00:38:09,373 --> 00:38:12,633
that Cassius is in a better positionthan anyone else
702
00:38:12,709 --> 00:38:17,009
to restore a sense of racial pride
to not only our people in this country,
703
00:38:17,089 --> 00:38:18,169
but all over the world.
704
00:38:26,139 --> 00:38:27,639
In January of 1964,
705
00:38:27,724 --> 00:38:29,944
Ali is getting readyfor the biggest fight of his life.
706
00:38:30,018 --> 00:38:33,808
He's also got Malcolm
sort of whispering in his ear.
707
00:38:34,398 --> 00:38:36,478
Do you have
any prediction you'd like to make?
708
00:38:36,567 --> 00:38:37,727
- No...
- When we'll solve this...
709
00:38:37,818 --> 00:38:39,318
Cassius makes all the predictions.
710
00:38:44,867 --> 00:38:49,447
Two people are bent
on controlling Cassius Clay.
711
00:38:49,538 --> 00:38:51,078
One is Malcolm X.
712
00:38:51,164 --> 00:38:52,544
The other is Elijah Muhammad.
713
00:38:52,624 --> 00:38:58,014
Elijah Muhammad sees Clay
as a pliable gold mine.
714
00:38:59,256 --> 00:39:02,256
If Malcolm had enough control over Clay,
715
00:39:02,342 --> 00:39:04,182
he could tell the Messenger,
716
00:39:04,261 --> 00:39:06,351
"All is forgiven on both sides,
717
00:39:06,430 --> 00:39:08,140
and this is what I'm goingto deliver to you."
718
00:39:08,849 --> 00:39:12,389
Malcolm tried to leverage
719
00:39:12,477 --> 00:39:16,017
the relationship
that he had developed with Ali
720
00:39:16,106 --> 00:39:21,316
in order to bring him back
into the good graces of Elijah Muhammad.
721
00:39:21,904 --> 00:39:24,664
Welcometo Miami Beach, Florida,
722
00:39:24,740 --> 00:39:28,740
for the heavyweightchampionship of the world.
723
00:39:30,245 --> 00:39:31,655
I think Malcolm was aware
724
00:39:31,747 --> 00:39:33,917
that there were a lotof different ways this could go,
725
00:39:33,999 --> 00:39:37,129
but as it happened,he was ringside in seat number seven.
726
00:39:37,211 --> 00:39:39,211
Another jarringright hand that time.
727
00:39:39,296 --> 00:39:41,626
There goes another one! Sonny wobbles!
728
00:39:41,715 --> 00:39:43,175
Sonny wobbles!
729
00:39:43,258 --> 00:39:45,888
Clearly, if Ali were to win
the heavyweight championship,
730
00:39:45,969 --> 00:39:48,559
he would be an importantfigure to the Nation of Islam.
731
00:39:48,639 --> 00:39:50,929
And if Malcolm's the guywho helps make that happen,
732
00:39:51,016 --> 00:39:53,886
then he maybe becomes valuable too.
733
00:39:53,977 --> 00:39:56,227
Here we are in round seven.
734
00:39:59,107 --> 00:40:01,437
- Wait a minute...
735
00:40:01,527 --> 00:40:03,397
Sonny Liston's not coming out!
736
00:40:03,487 --> 00:40:04,657
He's out!
737
00:40:04,738 --> 00:40:08,528
The winner and the new heavyweightchampion of the world is Cassius Clay!
738
00:40:10,661 --> 00:40:11,951
I don't have a mark on my face,
739
00:40:12,037 --> 00:40:15,457
and I upset Sonny Liston
and I just turned 22 years old.
740
00:40:15,541 --> 00:40:16,881
I must be the greatest!
741
00:40:18,877 --> 00:40:22,917
Malcolm X, what do you think
of Cassius's victory in Miami?
742
00:40:23,006 --> 00:40:25,426
I think it was a great victory.
He proved he was the best man.
743
00:40:27,302 --> 00:40:31,062
After Cassius Clay winsthe heavyweight championship,
744
00:40:31,139 --> 00:40:33,059
Malcolm X is trying to say that,
745
00:40:33,141 --> 00:40:35,061
"If this young man comes with me,
746
00:40:35,143 --> 00:40:38,193
we can influence millions of peopleall across the world."
747
00:40:38,772 --> 00:40:42,692
It's just that he's not as clever
as Elijah Muhammad
748
00:40:42,776 --> 00:40:44,646
when it comes to power politics.
749
00:40:46,280 --> 00:40:49,160
They had said that he would...
750
00:40:49,241 --> 00:40:52,661
Liston would tear up
that pretty face of yours...
751
00:40:55,539 --> 00:40:57,919
But Allah and myself said, "No, no."
752
00:41:00,085 --> 00:41:03,545
Elijah Muhammad was playing chess
when Malcolm was playing checkers.
753
00:41:06,925 --> 00:41:08,795
The Messenger gives Clay a new name,
754
00:41:08,886 --> 00:41:09,926
Muhammad Ali,
755
00:41:10,679 --> 00:41:13,349
a name that Malcolm really never got.
756
00:41:13,432 --> 00:41:15,932
Why do you insist on being called
Muhammad Ali now?
757
00:41:16,018 --> 00:41:17,978
That's the name given to me
by my leader and teacher,
758
00:41:18,061 --> 00:41:19,441
the Honorable Elijah Muhammad.
759
00:41:19,521 --> 00:41:21,731
That's my original name.
That's a black man name.
760
00:41:21,815 --> 00:41:24,105
Cassius Clay was my slave name.
I'm no longer a slave.
761
00:41:24,943 --> 00:41:25,863
What does it mean?
762
00:41:25,944 --> 00:41:27,914
Muhammad means, "Worthy of all praises,"
763
00:41:27,988 --> 00:41:29,658
and Ali means, "Most high."
764
00:41:30,699 --> 00:41:34,579
The way in which you inspire loyalty
is that you give people things,
765
00:41:34,661 --> 00:41:35,791
and it's transactional.
766
00:41:37,122 --> 00:41:38,542
Malcolm had nothing to offer.
767
00:41:42,586 --> 00:41:46,006
Muhammad Ali is going to reject Malcolm X.
768
00:41:46,089 --> 00:41:49,969
Um, part of that is out of fear
of angering the Nation of Islam.
769
00:41:50,052 --> 00:41:51,852
Part of that's just narcissism.
770
00:41:52,429 --> 00:41:55,059
Now, what Malcolm X does
is his business, he's one man.
771
00:41:55,641 --> 00:41:58,691
Once Elijah Muhammad turned on Malcolm,
772
00:41:58,769 --> 00:42:01,309
then Muhammad Ali turnedon Malcolm.
773
00:42:01,730 --> 00:42:07,070
And that's when Malcolm realized,
really came to understand,
774
00:42:07,152 --> 00:42:10,452
that his days in the Nation
were pretty much done.
775
00:42:14,326 --> 00:42:16,496
It seems as if everyone around him
776
00:42:16,578 --> 00:42:19,538
understood somethingthat he was too close to see.
777
00:42:20,749 --> 00:42:23,249
He thought he would be reinstated.
778
00:42:24,586 --> 00:42:26,876
And I think it's really not until
779
00:42:26,964 --> 00:42:28,974
after Muhammad Ali's fight
that he realizes
780
00:42:29,049 --> 00:42:30,469
that that's not going to happen.
781
00:42:33,554 --> 00:42:35,184
I thought it was great.
782
00:42:35,848 --> 00:42:37,138
I thought it was wonderful.
783
00:42:40,018 --> 00:42:44,268
Elijah Muhammad is divestinghimself of his greatest asset
784
00:42:45,232 --> 00:42:47,282
and weakening his organization.
785
00:42:48,610 --> 00:42:52,070
It's like a baseball teamdeprived of its biggest slugger.
786
00:42:53,740 --> 00:42:56,450
I mean, how much betterdoes it get than that?
66275
Can't find what you're looking for?
Get subtitles in any language from opensubtitles.com, and translate them here.