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Would you like to inspect the original subtitles? These are the user uploaded subtitles that are being translated: 1 00:00:09,468 --> 00:00:10,798 In the 1960s, 2 00:00:10,886 --> 00:00:12,756 the FBI launched one of the biggest 3 00:00:12,846 --> 00:00:15,846 counterintelligence operations in its entire history. 4 00:00:15,933 --> 00:00:18,643 Black people everywhere today are fed up 5 00:00:18,727 --> 00:00:21,687 with the hypocrisy practiced by whites. 6 00:00:21,772 --> 00:00:23,322 And they kept a very close watch 7 00:00:23,398 --> 00:00:24,568 on brother Malcolm. 8 00:00:24,650 --> 00:00:25,650 And if something isn't done, 9 00:00:25,734 --> 00:00:28,574 then I'm afraid that you will have a racial explosion. 10 00:00:28,654 --> 00:00:32,414 And a racial explosion is more deadly than an atomic explosion. 11 00:00:33,158 --> 00:00:36,538 J. Edgar Hoover, the director of the FBI, 12 00:00:36,620 --> 00:00:40,790 was deathly afraid of someone like Malcolm X. 13 00:00:41,375 --> 00:00:43,495 Malcolm was being surveilled, 14 00:00:43,585 --> 00:00:45,295 he was being followed, 15 00:00:45,379 --> 00:00:46,669 his phone was tapped. 16 00:00:47,714 --> 00:00:51,304 If you look at the investigation of Malcolm X, 17 00:00:51,385 --> 00:00:56,305 it's when he becomes a public figure for the Nation of Islam 18 00:00:56,390 --> 00:00:58,350 that the Bureau starts taking more of an interest 19 00:00:58,433 --> 00:01:00,853 into his subversive rhetoric. 20 00:01:01,436 --> 00:01:03,356 You seem to be dissatisfied with everything. 21 00:01:03,438 --> 00:01:05,608 - Just what do you want? - I'm not dissatisfied with everything. 22 00:01:05,691 --> 00:01:07,821 I'm just telling you that the Negroes themselves 23 00:01:07,901 --> 00:01:10,611 should take whatever steps necessary to defend themselves. 24 00:01:11,488 --> 00:01:13,658 The FBI had multiple 25 00:01:13,740 --> 00:01:16,540 high-ranking paid human informants 26 00:01:16,618 --> 00:01:18,908 in the leadership of the Nation of Islam. 27 00:01:18,996 --> 00:01:21,956 Could it have been that FBI informants 28 00:01:22,040 --> 00:01:24,920 were actively involved in Malcolm's murder? 29 00:01:25,002 --> 00:01:26,502 Almost certainly so. 30 00:01:27,713 --> 00:01:30,423 Some members of the Nation of Islam became 31 00:01:30,507 --> 00:01:33,257 willing tools. 32 00:01:33,343 --> 00:01:35,013 But they were the puppets. 33 00:01:36,096 --> 00:01:39,596 The puppeteers were in charge of that whole situation. 34 00:02:36,573 --> 00:02:38,873 Those of you who think we are here 35 00:02:38,951 --> 00:02:40,991 to tell you to love the white man, 36 00:02:41,078 --> 00:02:42,868 you have come to the wrong place. 37 00:02:46,834 --> 00:02:49,174 And those of you who think that 38 00:02:49,962 --> 00:02:52,762 you perhaps came here to hear us 39 00:02:52,840 --> 00:02:56,840 tell you to turn the other cheek to the brutality of the white man, 40 00:02:56,927 --> 00:02:59,387 I say again you came to the wrong place. 41 00:03:02,307 --> 00:03:05,437 Malcolm was a dazzling speaker, dazzling. 42 00:03:06,144 --> 00:03:07,274 Practically every Saturday, 43 00:03:07,354 --> 00:03:10,734 I would go to 125th and 7th to hear him. 44 00:03:11,441 --> 00:03:13,031 I studied him seriously, 45 00:03:13,110 --> 00:03:17,030 because I considered him potentially a grave threat, 46 00:03:17,114 --> 00:03:18,164 a danger. 47 00:03:18,866 --> 00:03:20,696 We have a subculture in our society 48 00:03:20,784 --> 00:03:22,084 and it resides in the ghetto. 49 00:03:22,160 --> 00:03:24,120 And we are conditioning this subculture 50 00:03:24,204 --> 00:03:25,914 and their reaction is very predictable... 51 00:03:25,998 --> 00:03:27,618 I was a detective, 52 00:03:27,708 --> 00:03:29,878 a sergeant, and a lieutenant. 53 00:03:30,460 --> 00:03:32,300 We were monitoring what we thought 54 00:03:32,379 --> 00:03:34,299 were subversive activities, 55 00:03:34,381 --> 00:03:37,091 attending meetings, listening to speakers. 56 00:03:37,176 --> 00:03:39,886 That's really how we got involved with Malcolm. 57 00:03:39,970 --> 00:03:43,060 We see that they have surrounded us 58 00:03:43,140 --> 00:03:46,440 with many of their own agents, 59 00:03:47,603 --> 00:03:50,063 in uniform and out of uniform, 60 00:03:51,857 --> 00:03:54,687 who have spent much time here in Harlem 61 00:03:54,776 --> 00:03:56,446 posing as peace officers, 62 00:03:56,528 --> 00:03:59,738 and at the same time breaking up the peace of black people. 63 00:04:01,200 --> 00:04:03,620 We thought Malcolm was a very capable, 64 00:04:03,702 --> 00:04:05,502 talented, dangerous man. 65 00:04:06,622 --> 00:04:10,832 He became the most charismatic figure in the Nation of Islam. 66 00:04:11,710 --> 00:04:13,920 We didn't know if he was going to break the law, 67 00:04:14,713 --> 00:04:16,303 but he had power. 68 00:04:20,844 --> 00:04:24,604 The NYPD had a special unit 69 00:04:25,182 --> 00:04:28,192 that was actually, it was modeled after the FBI. 70 00:04:28,268 --> 00:04:29,728 It was called the Red Squad, 71 00:04:30,938 --> 00:04:32,608 but its official title was BOSSI, 72 00:04:32,689 --> 00:04:35,319 the Bureau of Special Services and Investigation. 73 00:04:35,400 --> 00:04:37,990 They were like a miniature FBI 74 00:04:38,070 --> 00:04:40,820 that the FBI helped to train. 75 00:04:42,282 --> 00:04:44,912 We would see the cops there at every demonstration 76 00:04:44,993 --> 00:04:46,703 and we'd see them with cameras 77 00:04:46,787 --> 00:04:49,207 so it didn't take us long to do some research 78 00:04:49,289 --> 00:04:51,289 and figure out what they were doing. 79 00:04:51,375 --> 00:04:53,875 Are you conducting surveillance at demonstrations? 80 00:04:53,961 --> 00:04:55,591 Do you believe I'd tell you that? 81 00:04:55,671 --> 00:04:56,511 Why shouldn't you? 82 00:04:56,588 --> 00:04:58,088 I mean, like, do you have anything to hide? 83 00:04:58,173 --> 00:04:59,553 Is there anything illegal? 84 00:04:59,633 --> 00:05:01,053 You with the camera! 85 00:05:01,134 --> 00:05:02,974 Are you with the police department? 86 00:05:03,762 --> 00:05:04,932 Who are you with? 87 00:05:05,013 --> 00:05:06,853 - Red Squad! - Red Squad? 88 00:05:07,933 --> 00:05:10,813 They saw certain organizations as threats, 89 00:05:10,894 --> 00:05:13,274 and they wanted to destroy those organizations. 90 00:05:14,523 --> 00:05:15,983 BOSS sees a threat 91 00:05:16,066 --> 00:05:19,276 as anyone who's agitating for radical change. 92 00:05:19,361 --> 00:05:21,611 And they saw Malcolm as a threat. 93 00:05:24,074 --> 00:05:26,244 Malcolm knew he was being watched. 94 00:05:27,077 --> 00:05:28,827 He used to say to his people, 95 00:05:28,912 --> 00:05:32,122 "I hope you don't mind, but you're probably being tapped. 96 00:05:32,207 --> 00:05:34,417 We know that the cops do that to us." 97 00:05:35,752 --> 00:05:39,972 I knew that Malcolm picked up phones on the second ring. 98 00:05:40,799 --> 00:05:43,889 So I would listen to ring one, and then 99 00:05:43,969 --> 00:05:46,099 perfectly time it with ring two. 100 00:05:47,556 --> 00:05:51,096 He had two phones and I just listened. 101 00:05:51,643 --> 00:05:54,403 From eight in the morning until ten o'clock at night. 102 00:05:56,148 --> 00:05:58,438 That was what the position was. 103 00:06:00,819 --> 00:06:01,989 I knew Malcolm, 104 00:06:02,070 --> 00:06:06,070 and he knew that I was a member of BOSSI. He knew that. 105 00:06:06,158 --> 00:06:08,828 He always called, "Lieutenant Bouza, how are you?" 106 00:06:10,537 --> 00:06:12,827 He thought that the police department 107 00:06:12,915 --> 00:06:16,165 was monitoring him in a very obvious way. 108 00:06:16,251 --> 00:06:19,461 I don't think he understood that we were tapping his wire 109 00:06:19,546 --> 00:06:21,916 and listening to the tapes. 110 00:06:25,260 --> 00:06:29,470 Did we suppress enthusiasm for civil liberties? 111 00:06:30,057 --> 00:06:32,977 Did we intrude into privacy? Yes. 112 00:06:33,602 --> 00:06:35,062 But I was all right with it 113 00:06:35,145 --> 00:06:37,725 because I felt that we were protecting the nation. 114 00:06:40,400 --> 00:06:43,070 We cooperated with the FBI. 115 00:06:44,404 --> 00:06:47,284 We were, uh, intimate. 116 00:06:49,117 --> 00:06:52,407 They had a guy who was there every day 117 00:06:52,496 --> 00:06:54,576 going through our files and reports 118 00:06:55,415 --> 00:06:57,575 and giving them to his superiors. 119 00:06:58,252 --> 00:07:01,672 And this is in the age of J. Edgar Hoover, of all things. 120 00:07:02,798 --> 00:07:06,298 Awful man, and we were his handmaidens. 121 00:07:06,385 --> 00:07:09,095 As long as I am director of the FBI, 122 00:07:09,179 --> 00:07:14,979 we will continue to maintain its high and impartial standards 123 00:07:15,060 --> 00:07:20,770 of investigation, despite the hostile opinions of its detractors. 124 00:07:21,984 --> 00:07:26,364 In reconstructing the chronology of Malcolm's life, 125 00:07:26,446 --> 00:07:27,946 working with the Malcolm X Project, 126 00:07:28,031 --> 00:07:30,661 which was founded by the late Manning Marable 127 00:07:30,742 --> 00:07:32,162 at Columbia University, 128 00:07:32,244 --> 00:07:35,414 the FBI is an important source because 129 00:07:35,497 --> 00:07:39,787 of how extensive their surveillance was of him. 130 00:07:41,962 --> 00:07:45,472 You could chronicle Malcolm's daily movements, 131 00:07:46,175 --> 00:07:48,175 the date, the place, the people, 132 00:07:48,260 --> 00:07:50,850 by going through the FBI files. 133 00:07:52,306 --> 00:07:56,346 The FBI first started investigating Malcolm in 1950. 134 00:07:57,019 --> 00:07:58,519 He was still in prison. 135 00:07:58,604 --> 00:08:00,024 Once he got out of prison, 136 00:08:00,814 --> 00:08:04,694 they kept almost daily tabs on Malcolm. 137 00:08:05,277 --> 00:08:06,697 Malcolm kept them busy. 138 00:08:07,738 --> 00:08:08,858 The growth of the Nation 139 00:08:08,947 --> 00:08:10,987 and the FBI surveillance of Malcolm 140 00:08:11,074 --> 00:08:12,704 go hand-in-hand. 141 00:08:14,244 --> 00:08:16,664 I mean, Hoover has a deep history 142 00:08:16,747 --> 00:08:18,997 of trying to subvert black radical movements 143 00:08:19,082 --> 00:08:22,502 and also a fear of what he later describes 144 00:08:22,586 --> 00:08:24,206 as "the black messiah," 145 00:08:25,422 --> 00:08:29,342 this fear that one singular figure is going to lead 146 00:08:29,426 --> 00:08:31,966 exactly what he fears, which is a revolution. 147 00:08:32,596 --> 00:08:34,596 I pray that God will bless you 148 00:08:34,681 --> 00:08:35,851 in everything that you do. 149 00:08:37,226 --> 00:08:40,976 I pray that you will grow intellectually, 150 00:08:41,063 --> 00:08:43,523 so that you can understand the problems of the world 151 00:08:43,607 --> 00:08:46,777 and where you fit into in that world picture. 152 00:08:46,860 --> 00:08:48,900 Brother Malcolm might have been that messiah 153 00:08:49,696 --> 00:08:53,156 who could have unified and electrified 154 00:08:53,242 --> 00:08:55,412 the Black Nationalist organizations. 155 00:08:55,911 --> 00:08:57,871 And that's what they did not want. 156 00:08:57,955 --> 00:08:59,745 - Thank you. 157 00:09:04,628 --> 00:09:07,628 The Bureau's investigation of Malcolm X 158 00:09:07,714 --> 00:09:10,554 really picked up in the early 1960s 159 00:09:10,634 --> 00:09:12,974 as he became much more of a public figure 160 00:09:13,053 --> 00:09:15,513 because of his influence in bringing members 161 00:09:15,597 --> 00:09:17,637 into the Nation of Islam. 162 00:09:17,724 --> 00:09:21,104 The Bureau, like much of America, was very afraid 163 00:09:21,186 --> 00:09:24,726 that radical revolutionary violence was on the horizon. 164 00:09:26,733 --> 00:09:29,863 And they were very concerned that perhaps 165 00:09:29,945 --> 00:09:32,655 there would be a leader to rise to focus that anger. 166 00:09:34,241 --> 00:09:36,741 And they took it on themselves 167 00:09:38,287 --> 00:09:40,827 to look for ways to try and prevent that. 168 00:09:41,874 --> 00:09:44,214 Remember, Malcolm is political. 169 00:09:44,877 --> 00:09:46,797 Elijah Muhammad is religious. 170 00:09:47,546 --> 00:09:49,796 And the FBI's worst fear 171 00:09:49,882 --> 00:09:53,302 is that Elijah Muhammad would become more political. 172 00:09:53,385 --> 00:09:54,425 The Nation of Islam, 173 00:09:54,511 --> 00:09:58,471 which already has a paramilitary structure, 174 00:09:59,850 --> 00:10:03,350 could then be converted into soldiers for struggle. 175 00:10:04,229 --> 00:10:07,609 So the FBI was determined 176 00:10:07,691 --> 00:10:10,111 to use counterintelligence techniques 177 00:10:10,194 --> 00:10:12,824 to create more distance and schisms 178 00:10:12,905 --> 00:10:15,815 between Malcolm and Elijah Muhammad. 179 00:10:23,874 --> 00:10:25,964 - Salaam-alaikum. - Walaikum-saalam. 180 00:10:27,503 --> 00:10:29,053 Mr. Moderator, 181 00:10:29,963 --> 00:10:31,473 our distinguished guests, 182 00:10:32,716 --> 00:10:33,876 brothers and sisters, 183 00:10:35,177 --> 00:10:37,177 our friends, and our enemies... 184 00:10:39,640 --> 00:10:42,480 He said, "If you have a fear about being... 185 00:10:42,559 --> 00:10:44,439 of coming under FBI surveillance, 186 00:10:44,520 --> 00:10:46,100 then you should not get involved with me." 187 00:10:46,188 --> 00:10:47,728 Everybody is here. 188 00:10:49,233 --> 00:10:53,493 Sometimes, they would have agents to attend meetings, 189 00:10:53,570 --> 00:10:57,120 but that depends on what type of gathering it is. 190 00:10:57,616 --> 00:10:59,986 If white people are okay to be in it, 191 00:11:00,077 --> 00:11:02,907 then you can expect to see an agent, but if it's not, 192 00:11:02,996 --> 00:11:05,076 then they have informants, 193 00:11:05,165 --> 00:11:08,785 and you must make a distinction between an informant and an agent. 194 00:11:13,090 --> 00:11:16,930 How old were you at the time when you were assigned Malcolm X? 195 00:11:17,803 --> 00:11:22,473 I would imagine I was 27, 28. 196 00:11:29,314 --> 00:11:31,444 There's a thousand agents in New York City. 197 00:11:32,359 --> 00:11:34,189 And then there was this one little squad 198 00:11:34,278 --> 00:11:38,908 run by a fella named Ruckle that did black extremists. 199 00:11:38,991 --> 00:11:41,161 So, I ended up on his squad. 200 00:11:42,578 --> 00:11:45,618 We called ourselves the "Ruckle's Raiders," you know? 201 00:11:48,917 --> 00:11:52,167 So I spent every day working Malcolm X. 202 00:11:52,254 --> 00:11:54,134 We ran spot surveillances, 203 00:11:55,007 --> 00:11:56,377 developed informants. 204 00:11:57,676 --> 00:12:00,216 We didn't have any black agents, 205 00:12:00,304 --> 00:12:03,144 so you had to go out and you had to develop informants. 206 00:12:03,223 --> 00:12:05,853 These were just black people we picked up on the street. 207 00:12:08,103 --> 00:12:09,813 We were all the time looking for somebody 208 00:12:09,897 --> 00:12:11,437 that you thought you could use. 209 00:12:12,399 --> 00:12:14,319 And not only us, 210 00:12:14,943 --> 00:12:18,203 the Bureau of Special Service of the New York City Police Department, 211 00:12:18,280 --> 00:12:19,950 they had their informants. 212 00:12:20,032 --> 00:12:21,952 So we would exchange information. 213 00:12:24,203 --> 00:12:26,663 I would meet them. Never in Harlem. 214 00:12:26,747 --> 00:12:29,167 I would search out places. 215 00:12:29,958 --> 00:12:32,588 Underground garages, movie theaters. 216 00:12:32,669 --> 00:12:34,459 I liked the movie theaters. 217 00:12:34,546 --> 00:12:36,716 Movie theaters were dark. I'd go in. 218 00:12:37,382 --> 00:12:39,722 The informant knew I'd go down the left aisle, 219 00:12:39,801 --> 00:12:42,141 half-way down, take the second seat in. 220 00:12:42,971 --> 00:12:47,941 He'd come and sit beside me. We'd exchange information. 221 00:12:48,018 --> 00:12:48,848 Then he'd leave. 222 00:12:49,436 --> 00:12:51,646 I'd stay and watch the movie. 223 00:13:00,739 --> 00:13:03,659 There are documents in the FBI file 224 00:13:04,618 --> 00:13:07,158 that clearly establish FBI agents 225 00:13:07,246 --> 00:13:10,366 were tracking Elijah Muhammad, the Nation of Islam, 226 00:13:10,457 --> 00:13:11,787 and Malcolm X, 227 00:13:11,875 --> 00:13:14,285 and they knew all the secrets. 228 00:13:16,797 --> 00:13:19,717 The question is, what did they do with the information? 229 00:13:20,884 --> 00:13:22,934 - Hey, there. Great to see you! - Good to see you, Dave. 230 00:13:24,888 --> 00:13:29,518 Dave Garrow is an expert on the FBI's involvement 231 00:13:29,601 --> 00:13:34,441 in disrupting black groups during the '60s and the '70s. 232 00:13:34,523 --> 00:13:35,943 Come in and sit down. 233 00:13:36,024 --> 00:13:39,364 He and I check in occasionally about the Malcolm X case. 234 00:13:39,444 --> 00:13:42,744 I think many people would imagine that 235 00:13:42,823 --> 00:13:46,913 the most wiretapped person by Hoover's FBI 236 00:13:46,994 --> 00:13:48,914 was Martin Luther King, Jr. 237 00:13:48,996 --> 00:13:50,496 Well, no. 238 00:13:50,581 --> 00:13:56,801 The person who was most electronically surveilled by Hoover's FBI 239 00:13:56,879 --> 00:13:58,459 was Elijah Muhammad. 240 00:14:02,759 --> 00:14:08,599 The FBI was listening to Elijah Muhammad and his top aides 24 hours a day. 241 00:14:11,518 --> 00:14:14,438 So, this speaks very explicitly 242 00:14:14,521 --> 00:14:19,611 to how important Hoover's FBI thought the Nation of Islam was. 243 00:14:22,821 --> 00:14:25,371 Bless me... 244 00:14:25,449 --> 00:14:28,409 The FBI may very well may not have understood 245 00:14:28,493 --> 00:14:30,753 everything of what they were hearing, 246 00:14:32,122 --> 00:14:35,002 but those electronic surveillance logs 247 00:14:35,083 --> 00:14:38,093 may be evidence towards identifying 248 00:14:38,170 --> 00:14:42,050 who the conspirators behind Malcolm's murder were. 249 00:14:44,468 --> 00:14:48,808 Now, these 1962 documents where the Bureau is aiming 250 00:14:48,889 --> 00:14:51,889 to publicly embarrass Elijah Muhammad, 251 00:14:51,975 --> 00:14:54,935 you know, that's a classic Bureau tactic. 252 00:14:55,437 --> 00:14:56,557 You should have a look at this. 253 00:14:59,942 --> 00:15:02,192 "Bureau continues to receive information 254 00:15:02,277 --> 00:15:05,857 through investigation conducted by Chicago and Phoenix 255 00:15:05,948 --> 00:15:09,908 that Elijah Muhammad is engaging in extramarital activities 256 00:15:09,993 --> 00:15:14,163 with at least five female members of the Nation of Islam. 257 00:15:14,748 --> 00:15:16,328 This information indicates 258 00:15:16,416 --> 00:15:19,796 Muhammad has fathered some children by these women... 259 00:15:20,754 --> 00:15:23,634 These paradoxes in the character of Elijah Muhammed 260 00:15:23,715 --> 00:15:28,255 make him extremely vulnerable to criticism by his followers." 261 00:15:29,137 --> 00:15:33,307 So, they're trying to find a way to damage his reputation 262 00:15:33,392 --> 00:15:35,852 and damage his image with his own followers. 263 00:15:35,936 --> 00:15:38,016 Right. 264 00:15:38,105 --> 00:15:39,185 As I can show you here, 265 00:15:39,273 --> 00:15:42,573 this is a great example of how the Bureau used 266 00:15:42,651 --> 00:15:46,361 counterintelligence tactics, or COINTELPRO, 267 00:15:46,446 --> 00:15:48,316 to embarrass Elijah. 268 00:15:48,907 --> 00:15:51,827 This is coming out of the Internal Security Section 269 00:15:51,910 --> 00:15:54,040 at FBI headquarters. 270 00:15:54,621 --> 00:15:56,711 "Chicago is authorized to prepare and mail 271 00:15:56,790 --> 00:15:58,960 an anonymous letter to Clara Muhammad. 272 00:15:59,042 --> 00:16:01,842 These letters should be mailed at staggered intervals, 273 00:16:01,920 --> 00:16:04,880 using care to prevent any possibility of tracing the mailing 274 00:16:04,965 --> 00:16:06,045 back to the FBI." 275 00:16:06,717 --> 00:16:09,427 So these are the kind of tactics the FBI was using? 276 00:16:10,095 --> 00:16:11,215 - Yes. - These poison pen letters. 277 00:16:11,305 --> 00:16:12,635 Yes. 278 00:16:12,723 --> 00:16:17,693 COINTELPRO was the FBI's nickname for dirty tricks. 279 00:16:21,899 --> 00:16:24,479 The tactics of COINTELPRO 280 00:16:24,568 --> 00:16:27,608 were meant to disrupt the ability of groups to focus 281 00:16:27,696 --> 00:16:29,816 and to coordinate activities. 282 00:16:29,907 --> 00:16:32,077 They're trying to use information 283 00:16:32,159 --> 00:16:33,659 that the Bureau had gathered over the years 284 00:16:33,744 --> 00:16:36,164 to disrupt some of these more radical groups 285 00:16:36,246 --> 00:16:37,866 that they thought were threats. 286 00:16:38,624 --> 00:16:39,964 What is the significance 287 00:16:40,042 --> 00:16:44,052 of the Western Union telegram from J. Edgar Hoover that reads, 288 00:16:44,129 --> 00:16:46,549 "Enough of this black violence"? 289 00:16:46,632 --> 00:16:47,882 Then there's another quote, 290 00:16:48,550 --> 00:16:51,350 "Do something about Malcolm X." 291 00:16:53,555 --> 00:16:56,175 What would the director be asking for? 292 00:16:56,266 --> 00:16:59,386 There is obviously an issue which he's concerned with, 293 00:16:59,478 --> 00:17:00,648 the violence. 294 00:17:01,688 --> 00:17:05,568 Could that be interpreted as something more nefarious? 295 00:17:05,651 --> 00:17:07,111 Is it possible? 296 00:17:08,153 --> 00:17:10,493 - As far as the activity-- - I mean, "Do something." 297 00:17:10,572 --> 00:17:14,202 Well, the range of things we've seen the Bureau do 298 00:17:14,284 --> 00:17:18,164 from sending anonymous letters, 299 00:17:18,247 --> 00:17:20,077 sending material to the press 300 00:17:21,333 --> 00:17:23,633 to try and create rifts within the group... 301 00:17:23,710 --> 00:17:27,760 So more nefarious seems to be going a little far. 302 00:17:27,840 --> 00:17:31,050 On the other hand, these were all activities well outside 303 00:17:31,134 --> 00:17:33,304 of anything the Bureau should have been doing. 304 00:17:35,264 --> 00:17:39,644 Obviously, the kind of investigation that was begun on Malcolm X 305 00:17:39,726 --> 00:17:41,476 would not have cut mustard today. 306 00:17:51,238 --> 00:17:54,778 When men will seek to destroy the church of God... 307 00:17:54,867 --> 00:17:55,907 Mmm-hmm. 308 00:17:55,993 --> 00:17:59,253 ...they have degenerated to a tragic level... 309 00:17:59,329 --> 00:18:02,209 - Hmm! - Of inhumanity and sin. 310 00:18:03,083 --> 00:18:04,793 The goal of Dr. Martin Luther King 311 00:18:04,877 --> 00:18:06,877 is to get Negroes to forgive the people 312 00:18:06,962 --> 00:18:09,422 who have brutalized them for 400 years by... 313 00:18:09,506 --> 00:18:11,006 by lulling them to sleep 314 00:18:11,091 --> 00:18:13,091 and making them forget what those whites have done to them. 315 00:18:14,511 --> 00:18:16,971 The civil rights movement was just getting cranked up, 316 00:18:17,055 --> 00:18:20,135 but laying down and letting people spit on you, 317 00:18:20,225 --> 00:18:23,805 and beat you, and hoses on you, and you just be there, 318 00:18:23,896 --> 00:18:26,686 and nonviolent, it didn't appeal to Malcolm. 319 00:18:28,650 --> 00:18:31,610 He wanted something that had a little more bite to it. 320 00:18:31,695 --> 00:18:33,945 As long as the dogs were biting Negro women, 321 00:18:34,031 --> 00:18:35,911 Negro babies, and Negro children, 322 00:18:35,991 --> 00:18:37,371 Kennedy said nothing. 323 00:18:37,451 --> 00:18:41,121 It was only after the Negroes began to strike back... 324 00:18:42,039 --> 00:18:44,459 You see, the Nation of Islam had a position 325 00:18:44,541 --> 00:18:46,751 where they didn't get involved in politics. 326 00:18:46,835 --> 00:18:48,705 And totally opposed, you know, 327 00:18:48,795 --> 00:18:52,125 to the general activities, in terms of civic affairs. 328 00:18:52,716 --> 00:18:55,256 The way things were going in the '60s, 329 00:18:55,344 --> 00:18:58,434 Malcolm could not abide by that apolitical philosophy. 330 00:18:58,514 --> 00:19:00,894 He said some very, very harsh things 331 00:19:00,974 --> 00:19:02,644 against the civil rights leaders. 332 00:19:02,726 --> 00:19:05,596 Martin Luther King is just a 20th century, or modern, Uncle Tom 333 00:19:05,687 --> 00:19:07,517 who is doing the same thing today 334 00:19:07,606 --> 00:19:10,186 to keep Negroes defenseless in the face of attack 335 00:19:10,275 --> 00:19:13,355 that Uncle Tom did on the plantation to keep those Negroes defenseless. 336 00:19:13,445 --> 00:19:16,695 For years, Malcolm was beating up on King. 337 00:19:16,782 --> 00:19:19,082 That's what you mean by nonviolent. Be defenseless. 338 00:19:19,159 --> 00:19:21,289 ♪ Marching out the freedom band! ♪ 339 00:19:21,370 --> 00:19:23,870 He said, "It's time to stop singing, 340 00:19:23,956 --> 00:19:25,116 and start swinging." 341 00:19:27,084 --> 00:19:30,004 It was politics that really started the rift 342 00:19:30,087 --> 00:19:32,877 between Malcolm and the Nation. 343 00:19:32,965 --> 00:19:36,215 And the Ronald Stokes incident in Los Angeles 344 00:19:36,301 --> 00:19:37,851 changed everything. 345 00:19:37,928 --> 00:19:40,598 The LAPD clashed with a group of young black Muslims. 346 00:19:41,682 --> 00:19:43,022 One Negro was killed, 347 00:19:43,100 --> 00:19:45,690 and six others seriously injured. 348 00:19:46,728 --> 00:19:48,558 Black communities in Los Angeles 349 00:19:48,647 --> 00:19:51,777 had been fighting for years against police brutality. 350 00:19:52,568 --> 00:19:57,778 And an off-duty police officer winds up shooting Ronald Stokes 351 00:19:57,865 --> 00:19:59,945 while he has his arms extended in prayer. 352 00:20:00,033 --> 00:20:01,373 Seven Muslims were shot. 353 00:20:01,451 --> 00:20:03,951 None of them were armed. None of them were struggling. 354 00:20:04,037 --> 00:20:05,287 None of them were fighting. 355 00:20:05,372 --> 00:20:07,002 None of them were trying to defend themselves. 356 00:20:07,082 --> 00:20:10,592 Malcolm had been building up the mosque in Los Angeles 357 00:20:10,669 --> 00:20:12,669 since the late '50s. 358 00:20:12,754 --> 00:20:15,304 Ronald Stokes was the mosque's secretary. 359 00:20:16,925 --> 00:20:19,755 Malcolm knew Ronald Stokes from Boston. 360 00:20:19,845 --> 00:20:21,175 He was very close to him, 361 00:20:22,598 --> 00:20:25,058 and I believe it was Dr. Betty Shabazz 362 00:20:25,142 --> 00:20:30,902 said that that was the only time she ever saw Malcolm X cry, 363 00:20:31,940 --> 00:20:33,190 when Ronald Stokes was killed. 364 00:20:34,234 --> 00:20:36,744 You can talk about Birmingham, Alabama all you want, 365 00:20:36,820 --> 00:20:39,280 this happened in Los Angeles, California... 366 00:20:39,364 --> 00:20:41,534 Malcolm wants revenge. 367 00:20:41,617 --> 00:20:43,697 According to people who are close to Malcolm, 368 00:20:43,785 --> 00:20:48,915 he wants to organize people to go out and deal with the police who did this. 369 00:20:48,999 --> 00:20:52,379 We have witnesses who saw this Negro beaten 370 00:20:52,461 --> 00:20:55,091 by the police as he was laying on the sidewalk, dying, 371 00:20:55,172 --> 00:20:56,762 with a bullet already through his heart. 372 00:20:56,840 --> 00:20:58,130 This is Ronald Stokes, 373 00:20:58,217 --> 00:21:00,467 he's a Phi Beta Kappa, Korean vet. 374 00:21:00,552 --> 00:21:03,142 Not only did Elijah Muhammad veto 375 00:21:03,222 --> 00:21:05,352 retaliation against the police, 376 00:21:06,225 --> 00:21:09,595 he said, "Cool Malcolm down. Cool him down, man. 377 00:21:09,686 --> 00:21:10,556 Cool him down. 378 00:21:10,646 --> 00:21:13,816 I'm not about to go to war with the Los Angeles police." 379 00:21:15,651 --> 00:21:17,691 The Nation of Islam at this time was making 380 00:21:17,778 --> 00:21:20,658 an incredible amount of money through their business empire. 381 00:21:21,657 --> 00:21:23,657 So, for Malcolm to be up there 382 00:21:23,742 --> 00:21:25,452 making all these political statements, 383 00:21:25,536 --> 00:21:27,116 it's threatening their money, 384 00:21:27,204 --> 00:21:29,924 and it caused the Nation a lot of problems. 385 00:21:29,998 --> 00:21:33,628 We do believe in defending ourselves if we're attacked... 386 00:21:33,710 --> 00:21:36,550 Elijah Muhammad is against the police brutality, 387 00:21:36,630 --> 00:21:38,670 but doesn't want Malcolm to take this active stance. 388 00:21:38,757 --> 00:21:40,377 And Malcolm has to come home. 389 00:21:41,426 --> 00:21:44,296 Many of you thought that we should go right on out then 390 00:21:44,388 --> 00:21:46,558 and make war on the white man. 391 00:21:46,640 --> 00:21:48,350 You wanted to do it yourself, didn't you? 392 00:21:48,433 --> 00:21:51,273 And Malcolm was very embarrassed by that. 393 00:21:51,353 --> 00:21:54,653 Because after all of this rhetoric about an "eye for an eye," 394 00:21:54,731 --> 00:21:55,981 you guys did nothing. 395 00:21:56,066 --> 00:21:57,776 'Cause you don't like the idea 396 00:21:57,860 --> 00:22:00,320 of white people shooting black people down, do you? 397 00:22:00,404 --> 00:22:04,834 And this was escalating tensions between Malcolm and the Nation. 398 00:22:04,908 --> 00:22:07,238 And the white man should be thankful 399 00:22:07,995 --> 00:22:10,615 that God has given the Honorable Elijah Muhammad 400 00:22:10,706 --> 00:22:13,916 the control over his followers that he has, 401 00:22:14,001 --> 00:22:18,381 so that they can play it cool, calm, and collected. 402 00:22:19,131 --> 00:22:22,301 At this stage of the game, based upon information 403 00:22:22,384 --> 00:22:24,684 that the Bureau received 404 00:22:24,761 --> 00:22:26,971 through their taps and through other sources, 405 00:22:27,055 --> 00:22:29,175 they began to see some ripples. 406 00:22:29,266 --> 00:22:33,396 They began to see that all was not well in paradise. 407 00:22:34,313 --> 00:22:37,523 The Honorable Elijah Muhammad said we were "honeycombed" 408 00:22:37,608 --> 00:22:40,988 with enemies who wanted to destroy the movement from within. 409 00:22:41,069 --> 00:22:42,649 Whether they were working for the FBI 410 00:22:42,738 --> 00:22:44,818 or working for the New York Police Department, 411 00:22:44,907 --> 00:22:47,527 the enemies of the Nation of Islam 412 00:22:47,618 --> 00:22:51,748 wanted to kill two birds with one stone. 413 00:22:52,873 --> 00:22:57,423 The FBI had three human informants in the Nation of Islam 414 00:22:57,503 --> 00:23:01,633 whom it regarded as TOPLEV informants. 415 00:23:01,715 --> 00:23:06,885 That TOPLEV is simply an abbreviation for "top level." 416 00:23:06,970 --> 00:23:12,480 At the top of the Nation of Islam, it was a very small little pyramid. 417 00:23:12,559 --> 00:23:17,979 So, when we have the FBI saying that they have three top-level informants, 418 00:23:18,065 --> 00:23:21,525 the potential pool of individuals 419 00:23:21,610 --> 00:23:25,240 is less than ten possible people. 420 00:23:35,791 --> 00:23:37,671 I went to Washington. 421 00:23:37,751 --> 00:23:41,341 They arranged for me to be interviewed by Hoover. 422 00:23:43,799 --> 00:23:44,839 He turned me down. 423 00:23:45,551 --> 00:23:48,011 I was turned down directly by Hoover. 424 00:23:48,846 --> 00:23:50,556 He said, "Not at this time." 425 00:23:51,849 --> 00:23:53,769 I'm on the phone with John Ali, 426 00:23:53,851 --> 00:23:56,561 former national secretary for the Nation of Islam 427 00:23:56,645 --> 00:23:59,015 under the leadership of the Honorable Elijah Muhammad. 428 00:23:59,106 --> 00:24:01,226 Yeah, Brother John, there's been rumors 429 00:24:01,316 --> 00:24:03,986 that you was a double agent working for the FBI. 430 00:24:04,069 --> 00:24:05,279 Did you want to comment on that? 431 00:24:06,196 --> 00:24:07,656 Well... 432 00:24:07,739 --> 00:24:10,119 I was no agent for the FBI 433 00:24:10,200 --> 00:24:14,200 or any other entity of the United States. 434 00:24:14,288 --> 00:24:17,288 They all was the same to the Messenger. He didn't... 435 00:24:17,374 --> 00:24:21,254 People used to tell the Messenger they heard rumors, 436 00:24:21,336 --> 00:24:25,336 "John Ali was a FBI" or something, 437 00:24:25,966 --> 00:24:30,426 but this didn't excite the Messenger or make him apprehensive. 438 00:24:31,430 --> 00:24:33,310 The Messenger stated clearly 439 00:24:33,390 --> 00:24:35,730 that everything has failed 440 00:24:37,144 --> 00:24:40,274 the American so-called Negro. 441 00:24:42,774 --> 00:24:45,244 The government, the Congress, 442 00:24:46,069 --> 00:24:48,609 the FBI, and the church. 443 00:24:50,782 --> 00:24:52,832 They all were the same to the Messenger. 444 00:24:52,910 --> 00:24:58,040 He didn't view one more vicious than the other. 445 00:24:58,123 --> 00:25:01,083 They're all pockets on the same pants. 446 00:25:03,712 --> 00:25:06,302 So if there was no shame in being an FBI informant, 447 00:25:06,924 --> 00:25:08,884 was there any truth to the rumor that you were? 448 00:25:08,967 --> 00:25:11,047 No. 449 00:25:12,179 --> 00:25:15,769 No more than saying I was a usher in a church, 450 00:25:15,849 --> 00:25:18,229 because they're all the same. 451 00:25:18,310 --> 00:25:20,230 Pockets on the same pants. 452 00:25:29,905 --> 00:25:32,065 Let every nation know 453 00:25:33,158 --> 00:25:35,868 that we shall pay any price, 454 00:25:35,953 --> 00:25:38,123 oppose any foe, 455 00:25:38,872 --> 00:25:41,752 to assure the survival and the success of liberty. 456 00:25:44,753 --> 00:25:47,213 And so, my fellow Americans, 457 00:25:47,297 --> 00:25:51,427 ask not what your country can do for you, 458 00:25:51,510 --> 00:25:53,800 ask what you can do for your country. 459 00:25:57,558 --> 00:25:59,308 It appears as though something has happened 460 00:25:59,393 --> 00:26:00,483 in the motorcade route. 461 00:26:01,228 --> 00:26:03,148 It was definitely the president's car. 462 00:26:04,439 --> 00:26:05,979 Apparently something is wrong here, 463 00:26:06,066 --> 00:26:07,316 something is terribly wrong. 464 00:26:08,735 --> 00:26:13,315 President John F. Kennedy died at approximately one o'clock 465 00:26:13,407 --> 00:26:18,077 Central Standard Time, today, here in Dallas. 466 00:26:19,413 --> 00:26:23,083 The Kennedy assassination was really the proverbial straw 467 00:26:23,166 --> 00:26:24,536 that broke the camel's back. 468 00:26:25,127 --> 00:26:30,127 We all was shocked at the hearing of this tragedy. 469 00:26:31,008 --> 00:26:33,758 Elijah Muhammad had great respect for Kennedy, 470 00:26:34,887 --> 00:26:36,677 and said, "This man is the country's president. 471 00:26:36,763 --> 00:26:37,973 This is our country. 472 00:26:38,056 --> 00:26:39,846 So we can't say anything disrespectful." 473 00:26:43,020 --> 00:26:45,060 In the months leading up to this, 474 00:26:45,147 --> 00:26:49,987 Malcolm has been verbally beating up John Kennedy. 475 00:26:50,068 --> 00:26:53,028 So everyone wants to know what Malcolm is thinking. 476 00:26:55,240 --> 00:26:57,200 Malcolm had made preparations 477 00:26:57,284 --> 00:26:59,664 to bring the Honorable Elijah Muhammad to New York 478 00:26:59,745 --> 00:27:01,655 for a big speech. 479 00:27:01,747 --> 00:27:04,827 And Kennedy, in the interim, had been assassinated. 480 00:27:04,917 --> 00:27:07,087 So he told Malcolm, "We'll call the meeting off." 481 00:27:07,753 --> 00:27:09,843 Malcolm pleaded with the Honorable Elijah Muhammad. 482 00:27:09,922 --> 00:27:12,132 He said, "If you'll let me continue with that meeting, 483 00:27:12,216 --> 00:27:14,006 I won't say anything about Kennedy." 484 00:27:15,552 --> 00:27:19,182 So the Honorable Elijah Muhammad told him that he could go ahead with it. 485 00:27:19,264 --> 00:27:22,984 But he said, "Be sure you don't say anything about the late president." 486 00:27:23,060 --> 00:27:24,310 He said, "He's well-loved 487 00:27:24,394 --> 00:27:26,444 and it would not rest well with the people." 488 00:27:33,403 --> 00:27:36,373 Malcolm was at his house in Queens. 489 00:27:37,574 --> 00:27:43,254 I was assigned to escort Malcolm, uh, to the Manhattan Center. 490 00:27:44,289 --> 00:27:47,999 We drove down to Manhattan Center. 491 00:27:50,462 --> 00:27:52,882 So Malcolm went through that whole program. 492 00:27:52,965 --> 00:27:54,835 Never said anything about the president. 493 00:27:56,093 --> 00:27:58,893 At the end, he opens the floor for questions, 494 00:27:59,596 --> 00:28:00,886 and a man stood up. 495 00:28:02,516 --> 00:28:04,556 To this day, I can see his face. 496 00:28:05,310 --> 00:28:09,360 And he said, "Minister Malcolm, do you care to comment 497 00:28:09,439 --> 00:28:14,529 on the death, the assassination of John F. Kennedy?" 498 00:28:17,239 --> 00:28:20,199 Malcolm dropped his head down, and thought, 499 00:28:20,284 --> 00:28:24,004 and it looked like that minute of silence was an hour, 500 00:28:24,079 --> 00:28:25,579 and then he raised his head. 501 00:28:26,290 --> 00:28:27,920 Malcolm X, second-in-command 502 00:28:28,000 --> 00:28:30,130 of the Black Muslim Movement, expressed joy 503 00:28:30,210 --> 00:28:31,960 at the assassination of President Kennedy 504 00:28:32,045 --> 00:28:33,795 at a Manhattan rally last Sunday. 505 00:28:33,881 --> 00:28:35,761 Malcolm said that the killing of the president 506 00:28:35,841 --> 00:28:38,391 was an instance of "the chickens coming home to roost." 507 00:28:38,468 --> 00:28:39,888 He added, and we quote, 508 00:28:39,970 --> 00:28:41,890 "Being an old farm boy myself, 509 00:28:41,972 --> 00:28:44,602 chickens coming home to roost never make me sad. 510 00:28:44,683 --> 00:28:46,313 They always make me glad." 511 00:28:46,393 --> 00:28:49,693 And the audience broke into a tremendous applause. 512 00:28:49,771 --> 00:28:51,481 He didn't take no more questions. 513 00:28:51,565 --> 00:28:53,185 He walked off the stage. 514 00:28:54,401 --> 00:28:57,611 And I was surprised. It shocked me. 515 00:28:57,696 --> 00:28:59,066 Why would he say that? 516 00:28:59,156 --> 00:29:01,276 And especially the Kennedys. 517 00:29:02,409 --> 00:29:03,369 I think, at this point, 518 00:29:03,452 --> 00:29:06,502 Malcolm was tired of this kind of political game 519 00:29:06,580 --> 00:29:07,870 Elijah Muhammad was playing. 520 00:29:07,956 --> 00:29:10,826 Look, all the violence that this government 521 00:29:11,376 --> 00:29:14,456 has brought to other parts of the world is coming home now. 522 00:29:14,546 --> 00:29:15,836 That's our teaching! 523 00:29:15,923 --> 00:29:17,843 Well, I said the same thing that everybody says, 524 00:29:17,925 --> 00:29:21,755 that, uh, his assassination was the result of the climate of hate, 525 00:29:21,845 --> 00:29:24,555 only I said, "The chickens came home to roost," 526 00:29:24,640 --> 00:29:26,140 which means the same thing. 527 00:29:26,225 --> 00:29:27,675 Because the president died, 528 00:29:27,768 --> 00:29:30,348 we're not going to speak the truth? 529 00:29:30,437 --> 00:29:33,477 But you did not say you were glad the president was killed? 530 00:29:33,565 --> 00:29:35,275 - No. That's what the press said. - Uh-huh. 531 00:29:35,359 --> 00:29:37,149 What will I look like saying that I'm glad 532 00:29:37,236 --> 00:29:38,146 the president was killed? 533 00:29:38,237 --> 00:29:39,397 John Ali was there. 534 00:29:40,614 --> 00:29:42,624 He claims that he wasn't, but he was. 535 00:29:42,699 --> 00:29:45,199 And he ran to the phone, he called Chicago. 536 00:29:45,285 --> 00:29:47,365 He said, "Minister Malcolm is... 537 00:29:47,454 --> 00:29:49,214 He said this about the president." 538 00:29:50,207 --> 00:29:51,877 And the next day... 539 00:29:51,959 --> 00:29:53,749 This statement is from Messenger Elijah Muhammad, 540 00:29:53,836 --> 00:29:55,416 the leader of the Muslims of America. 541 00:29:55,504 --> 00:29:58,674 Minister Malcolm has been suspended from public speaking 542 00:29:58,757 --> 00:30:00,007 for the time being. 543 00:30:02,970 --> 00:30:05,470 There are advantages to obeying, you know? 544 00:30:06,890 --> 00:30:10,100 And there are disadvantages to disobeying. 545 00:30:11,311 --> 00:30:13,561 You don't get a reward if you disobey. 546 00:30:14,565 --> 00:30:16,685 You only get a reward if you obey. 547 00:30:18,235 --> 00:30:19,815 Elijah Muhammad sat Malcolm down. 548 00:30:19,903 --> 00:30:23,373 He told him, "You can no longer represent us 549 00:30:23,448 --> 00:30:24,618 on a national level 550 00:30:25,367 --> 00:30:28,117 until a period of 90 days." 551 00:30:28,203 --> 00:30:31,543 He left him in charge of the East Coast area, 552 00:30:31,623 --> 00:30:33,463 and left him on salary. 553 00:30:33,542 --> 00:30:35,712 Told him to sit down and don't say nothing. 554 00:30:36,712 --> 00:30:38,462 Malcolm knew what he was doing. 555 00:30:38,547 --> 00:30:40,167 He was being rebellious. 556 00:30:40,257 --> 00:30:41,717 He had gotten so popular, 557 00:30:41,800 --> 00:30:43,260 and it went to his head. 558 00:30:44,094 --> 00:30:47,264 This whole thing was emotional from the time it started. 559 00:30:48,390 --> 00:30:50,180 Everything, the whole atmosphere, 560 00:30:50,267 --> 00:30:52,017 the environment was charged. 561 00:30:52,603 --> 00:30:55,023 Once the Messenger gave him those 90 days, 562 00:30:55,105 --> 00:30:57,065 people started taking sides. 563 00:30:57,149 --> 00:30:59,109 And then things just snowballed from there. 564 00:31:02,779 --> 00:31:06,069 I am not the number-two man of the Muslim movement, 565 00:31:06,158 --> 00:31:10,408 like the press has been saying over and over. 566 00:31:11,538 --> 00:31:15,878 The FBI, by this point, has a pretty well-worn strategy. 567 00:31:15,959 --> 00:31:20,299 And they're making sure that the public feels like there's a tension 568 00:31:20,380 --> 00:31:22,800 between Elijah Muhammad and Malcolm X. 569 00:31:24,301 --> 00:31:27,721 They are pretty actively feeding information 570 00:31:27,804 --> 00:31:29,474 through journalists. 571 00:31:30,015 --> 00:31:32,095 And it fed into this narrative 572 00:31:32,768 --> 00:31:34,768 that Malcolm was trying to take over the Nation. 573 00:31:35,771 --> 00:31:38,401 So Malcolm has to constantly go around and say, 574 00:31:38,482 --> 00:31:41,742 "I'm not the next leader. I'm not the number two." 575 00:31:41,818 --> 00:31:45,818 And it's an insult to me to refer to me as the "heir apparent" 576 00:31:45,906 --> 00:31:47,566 of the Honorable Elijah Muhammad. 577 00:31:47,658 --> 00:31:48,578 I'm his minister. 578 00:31:49,451 --> 00:31:51,911 Elijah Muhammad, he started delegating 579 00:31:51,995 --> 00:31:57,705 more of the administration of the Nation to his children 580 00:31:57,793 --> 00:32:01,173 and the national secretary, John Ali. 581 00:32:02,089 --> 00:32:05,509 They started putting seeds of doubt in his mind 582 00:32:06,343 --> 00:32:07,893 about Malcolm's loyalty. 583 00:32:08,595 --> 00:32:10,385 And they're getting in his head. 584 00:32:10,472 --> 00:32:12,272 "Did you hear what Minister Malcolm said?" 585 00:32:13,141 --> 00:32:16,481 And Elijah Muhammad starts believing this, 586 00:32:17,104 --> 00:32:19,984 and he starts seeing Malcolm as being dangerous. 587 00:32:21,149 --> 00:32:23,149 My work is divine work. 588 00:32:23,235 --> 00:32:25,145 Allah has chosen me for the work 589 00:32:25,654 --> 00:32:28,374 and I put down one and take up another, 590 00:32:28,949 --> 00:32:32,829 and if one baby don't act right, he'll spank him anyway and make him act right. 591 00:32:39,001 --> 00:32:40,751 When I had the Malcolm X case, 592 00:32:41,461 --> 00:32:43,341 I was interested in finding out that they were 593 00:32:43,422 --> 00:32:46,592 turning on each other and who was in which faction. 594 00:32:46,675 --> 00:32:50,385 So when Malcolm was suspended, I interviewed him in his home 595 00:32:50,470 --> 00:32:53,020 and tried to talk him into being an informant. 596 00:33:01,148 --> 00:33:02,398 Good morning, how do you do? 597 00:33:02,482 --> 00:33:03,612 We're the FBI. 598 00:33:03,692 --> 00:33:05,322 Do you have a couple of minutes? Like to talk to you. 599 00:33:05,402 --> 00:33:06,952 All right, a couple of minutes. 600 00:33:09,072 --> 00:33:12,202 I did not know it was being recorded at the time. 601 00:33:12,910 --> 00:33:14,620 And your name is, uh...? 602 00:33:14,703 --> 00:33:15,913 - Beckwith. - Beckwith? 603 00:33:15,996 --> 00:33:17,246 - Right. - And your name is? 604 00:33:17,331 --> 00:33:18,421 - Fulton. - Fulton. 605 00:33:19,583 --> 00:33:21,463 Uh, frankly, one of the reasons 606 00:33:21,543 --> 00:33:22,793 we picked this particular time 607 00:33:22,878 --> 00:33:25,418 to contact you is because of the suspension. 608 00:33:26,340 --> 00:33:29,380 The suspension was brought about by my own doing. 609 00:33:29,468 --> 00:33:31,178 Yeah, exactly. 610 00:33:31,261 --> 00:33:33,261 Uh, we would be... 611 00:33:33,347 --> 00:33:36,427 interested in having you help us out. 612 00:33:37,434 --> 00:33:39,144 Help you out to do what? 613 00:33:40,103 --> 00:33:41,863 What we're interested in, 614 00:33:42,481 --> 00:33:45,071 um, basically... are the names... 615 00:33:45,150 --> 00:33:46,530 Who they are, their identification. 616 00:33:46,610 --> 00:33:48,030 I don't even know them. 617 00:33:48,111 --> 00:33:49,491 Uh... You have... 618 00:33:49,571 --> 00:33:50,611 Do you keep no records? 619 00:33:50,697 --> 00:33:54,447 That's not my job. I'm just a preacher. 620 00:33:54,535 --> 00:33:56,865 Yeah. But somebody up there keeps a record? 621 00:33:56,954 --> 00:33:57,914 I don't know who. 622 00:33:57,996 --> 00:34:00,826 I don't have any knowledge of those kinds of things. 623 00:34:01,917 --> 00:34:05,127 Um... Sometimes, uh... 624 00:34:06,839 --> 00:34:09,969 Money brings out the information. 625 00:34:10,759 --> 00:34:13,969 Uh, and no intent to insult you here. 626 00:34:14,054 --> 00:34:15,764 You insult my intelligence. 627 00:34:15,848 --> 00:34:17,888 And in fact, no, you insult your own, because 628 00:34:17,975 --> 00:34:20,225 you wouldn't know in advance what I'm going to say 629 00:34:20,310 --> 00:34:21,400 when you ask that question. 630 00:34:22,062 --> 00:34:24,152 There is no government agency 631 00:34:24,857 --> 00:34:28,437 that can ever expect any information out of me. 632 00:34:30,070 --> 00:34:32,660 We talked to him in there for a little over an hour. 633 00:34:33,282 --> 00:34:35,952 He was nice and courteous, 634 00:34:36,827 --> 00:34:38,327 but not too cooperative. 635 00:34:39,830 --> 00:34:41,670 So, it was a try. 636 00:34:41,748 --> 00:34:44,788 You make a stab at it. If it works, it works. 637 00:34:45,919 --> 00:34:47,499 If it doesn't work, you move on. 638 00:34:53,802 --> 00:34:55,222 Malcolm X, you were involved 639 00:34:55,304 --> 00:34:56,974 in a controversy some months ago with your leader. 640 00:34:57,055 --> 00:34:58,555 - Is that over? - I've been silent 641 00:34:58,640 --> 00:35:00,230 because of some statements I made 642 00:35:00,309 --> 00:35:02,639 concerning the President of the United States. 643 00:35:02,728 --> 00:35:04,898 There is no such thing as a split between you-- 644 00:35:04,980 --> 00:35:07,730 No, the Honorable Elijah Muhammad taught me everything I know 645 00:35:07,816 --> 00:35:09,186 and made me everything I am. 646 00:35:09,276 --> 00:35:11,696 Malcolm had learned to depend on Elijah Muhammad 647 00:35:11,778 --> 00:35:13,608 greater than a man would look to his father. 648 00:35:13,697 --> 00:35:15,657 He didn't have a father, just like me, 649 00:35:15,741 --> 00:35:17,491 and Elijah Muhammad was a father. 650 00:35:31,507 --> 00:35:34,047 When Malcolm was set down by Elijah Muhammad, 651 00:35:34,134 --> 00:35:36,144 he was not technically fired, 652 00:35:36,220 --> 00:35:38,560 but he was no longer allowed to perform his duties. 653 00:35:39,056 --> 00:35:43,936 And Malcolm was writing letters that were designed to reconcile. 654 00:35:48,607 --> 00:35:50,277 He would write. There was no answer. 655 00:35:50,359 --> 00:35:53,699 No way in the world could he even contact Elijah Muhammad, 656 00:35:53,779 --> 00:35:55,779 'cause it wouldn't go past the head office. 657 00:35:56,532 --> 00:35:57,912 Whatever his relationship was 658 00:35:57,991 --> 00:36:00,621 with Elijah Muhammad now had so many intermediaries, 659 00:36:00,702 --> 00:36:03,292 he could not even directly communicate. 660 00:36:06,834 --> 00:36:09,424 I believe the authorities of this country, 661 00:36:09,503 --> 00:36:13,383 they been trying to put Elijah Muhammad against Malcolm for the long... 662 00:36:13,465 --> 00:36:16,175 They were sending false mail out during that rift. 663 00:36:17,386 --> 00:36:19,556 I was living in Miami at the time. 664 00:36:20,764 --> 00:36:23,234 I was a captain over at the mosque. 665 00:36:23,308 --> 00:36:25,848 They called me Captain Sam back at that time. 666 00:36:26,436 --> 00:36:28,056 This is Sam Saxon, 667 00:36:28,146 --> 00:36:30,606 leader of a militant Miami mosque. 668 00:36:30,691 --> 00:36:32,281 They are black Muslims. 669 00:36:32,359 --> 00:36:36,199 And the FBI says the movement is a potential threat. 670 00:36:39,658 --> 00:36:42,288 So, I was in the streets of Miami, selling papers. 671 00:36:42,369 --> 00:36:44,749 I heard somebody holler across the street 672 00:36:45,372 --> 00:36:46,672 "Hey, Brother!" 673 00:36:48,333 --> 00:36:49,713 He said, "Yeah, I'm Cassius Clay, 674 00:36:49,793 --> 00:36:52,213 I'm gonna be the next heavyweight champion of the world." 675 00:36:52,880 --> 00:36:56,090 I was like, "Yeah, man, I know you. You just won the Olympics." 676 00:36:58,260 --> 00:37:00,100 And from that day on, me and him, we hit it off 677 00:37:01,096 --> 00:37:02,636 like two peas in the same hull. 678 00:37:05,642 --> 00:37:09,652 I assigned myself as the head of security for Cassius Clay. 679 00:37:11,023 --> 00:37:13,323 I introduced him to Malcolm. 680 00:37:13,400 --> 00:37:14,440 The Honorable Elijah Muhammad 681 00:37:14,526 --> 00:37:17,236 sat Malcolm down from speaking to the public 682 00:37:17,821 --> 00:37:19,111 for 90 days. 683 00:37:19,698 --> 00:37:21,868 So we brought Malcolm down to Miami 684 00:37:21,950 --> 00:37:23,330 and let him cool out. 685 00:37:24,328 --> 00:37:25,908 Give him a little vacation. 686 00:37:27,331 --> 00:37:29,081 That's when it come loose that 687 00:37:29,166 --> 00:37:30,536 Malcolm was in Miami 688 00:37:30,626 --> 00:37:32,836 to recruit Cassius Clay 689 00:37:33,504 --> 00:37:35,464 to the Black Muslim Movement. 690 00:37:39,885 --> 00:37:43,175 I want to talk with you briefly about your affiliation with Cassius. 691 00:37:43,263 --> 00:37:45,933 Cassius has been following the religion of Islam 692 00:37:46,016 --> 00:37:48,846 for the past four or five years, and he's the most... He's always been 693 00:37:48,936 --> 00:37:50,936 the most likable, friendly person in the world. 694 00:37:51,688 --> 00:37:54,318 Cassius Clay finds an image 695 00:37:54,399 --> 00:37:57,149 in the Nation of Islam, and especially Malcolm X, 696 00:37:57,236 --> 00:37:59,566 that he's really, really attracted to. 697 00:37:59,655 --> 00:38:04,485 Clay says, "I saw the way he was battling these white folks 698 00:38:04,576 --> 00:38:05,486 and defeating them." 699 00:38:05,577 --> 00:38:08,037 And he said, "You know, I fell in love with him." 700 00:38:08,121 --> 00:38:09,291 I frankly believe 701 00:38:09,373 --> 00:38:12,633 that Cassius is in a better position than anyone else 702 00:38:12,709 --> 00:38:17,009 to restore a sense of racial pride to not only our people in this country, 703 00:38:17,089 --> 00:38:18,169 but all over the world. 704 00:38:26,139 --> 00:38:27,639 In January of 1964, 705 00:38:27,724 --> 00:38:29,944 Ali is getting ready for the biggest fight of his life. 706 00:38:30,018 --> 00:38:33,808 He's also got Malcolm sort of whispering in his ear. 707 00:38:34,398 --> 00:38:36,478 Do you have any prediction you'd like to make? 708 00:38:36,567 --> 00:38:37,727 - No... - When we'll solve this... 709 00:38:37,818 --> 00:38:39,318 Cassius makes all the predictions. 710 00:38:44,867 --> 00:38:49,447 Two people are bent on controlling Cassius Clay. 711 00:38:49,538 --> 00:38:51,078 One is Malcolm X. 712 00:38:51,164 --> 00:38:52,544 The other is Elijah Muhammad. 713 00:38:52,624 --> 00:38:58,014 Elijah Muhammad sees Clay as a pliable gold mine. 714 00:38:59,256 --> 00:39:02,256 If Malcolm had enough control over Clay, 715 00:39:02,342 --> 00:39:04,182 he could tell the Messenger, 716 00:39:04,261 --> 00:39:06,351 "All is forgiven on both sides, 717 00:39:06,430 --> 00:39:08,140 and this is what I'm going to deliver to you." 718 00:39:08,849 --> 00:39:12,389 Malcolm tried to leverage 719 00:39:12,477 --> 00:39:16,017 the relationship that he had developed with Ali 720 00:39:16,106 --> 00:39:21,316 in order to bring him back into the good graces of Elijah Muhammad. 721 00:39:21,904 --> 00:39:24,664 Welcome to Miami Beach, Florida, 722 00:39:24,740 --> 00:39:28,740 for the heavyweight championship of the world. 723 00:39:30,245 --> 00:39:31,655 I think Malcolm was aware 724 00:39:31,747 --> 00:39:33,917 that there were a lot of different ways this could go, 725 00:39:33,999 --> 00:39:37,129 but as it happened, he was ringside in seat number seven. 726 00:39:37,211 --> 00:39:39,211 Another jarring right hand that time. 727 00:39:39,296 --> 00:39:41,626 There goes another one! Sonny wobbles! 728 00:39:41,715 --> 00:39:43,175 Sonny wobbles! 729 00:39:43,258 --> 00:39:45,888 Clearly, if Ali were to win the heavyweight championship, 730 00:39:45,969 --> 00:39:48,559 he would be an important figure to the Nation of Islam. 731 00:39:48,639 --> 00:39:50,929 And if Malcolm's the guy who helps make that happen, 732 00:39:51,016 --> 00:39:53,886 then he maybe becomes valuable too. 733 00:39:53,977 --> 00:39:56,227 Here we are in round seven. 734 00:39:59,107 --> 00:40:01,437 - Wait a minute... 735 00:40:01,527 --> 00:40:03,397 Sonny Liston's not coming out! 736 00:40:03,487 --> 00:40:04,657 He's out! 737 00:40:04,738 --> 00:40:08,528 The winner and the new heavyweight champion of the world is Cassius Clay! 738 00:40:10,661 --> 00:40:11,951 I don't have a mark on my face, 739 00:40:12,037 --> 00:40:15,457 and I upset Sonny Liston and I just turned 22 years old. 740 00:40:15,541 --> 00:40:16,881 I must be the greatest! 741 00:40:18,877 --> 00:40:22,917 Malcolm X, what do you think of Cassius's victory in Miami? 742 00:40:23,006 --> 00:40:25,426 I think it was a great victory. He proved he was the best man. 743 00:40:27,302 --> 00:40:31,062 After Cassius Clay wins the heavyweight championship, 744 00:40:31,139 --> 00:40:33,059 Malcolm X is trying to say that, 745 00:40:33,141 --> 00:40:35,061 "If this young man comes with me, 746 00:40:35,143 --> 00:40:38,193 we can influence millions of people all across the world." 747 00:40:38,772 --> 00:40:42,692 It's just that he's not as clever as Elijah Muhammad 748 00:40:42,776 --> 00:40:44,646 when it comes to power politics. 749 00:40:46,280 --> 00:40:49,160 They had said that he would... 750 00:40:49,241 --> 00:40:52,661 Liston would tear up that pretty face of yours... 751 00:40:55,539 --> 00:40:57,919 But Allah and myself said, "No, no." 752 00:41:00,085 --> 00:41:03,545 Elijah Muhammad was playing chess when Malcolm was playing checkers. 753 00:41:06,925 --> 00:41:08,795 The Messenger gives Clay a new name, 754 00:41:08,886 --> 00:41:09,926 Muhammad Ali, 755 00:41:10,679 --> 00:41:13,349 a name that Malcolm really never got. 756 00:41:13,432 --> 00:41:15,932 Why do you insist on being called Muhammad Ali now? 757 00:41:16,018 --> 00:41:17,978 That's the name given to me by my leader and teacher, 758 00:41:18,061 --> 00:41:19,441 the Honorable Elijah Muhammad. 759 00:41:19,521 --> 00:41:21,731 That's my original name. That's a black man name. 760 00:41:21,815 --> 00:41:24,105 Cassius Clay was my slave name. I'm no longer a slave. 761 00:41:24,943 --> 00:41:25,863 What does it mean? 762 00:41:25,944 --> 00:41:27,914 Muhammad means, "Worthy of all praises," 763 00:41:27,988 --> 00:41:29,658 and Ali means, "Most high." 764 00:41:30,699 --> 00:41:34,579 The way in which you inspire loyalty is that you give people things, 765 00:41:34,661 --> 00:41:35,791 and it's transactional. 766 00:41:37,122 --> 00:41:38,542 Malcolm had nothing to offer. 767 00:41:42,586 --> 00:41:46,006 Muhammad Ali is going to reject Malcolm X. 768 00:41:46,089 --> 00:41:49,969 Um, part of that is out of fear of angering the Nation of Islam. 769 00:41:50,052 --> 00:41:51,852 Part of that's just narcissism. 770 00:41:52,429 --> 00:41:55,059 Now, what Malcolm X does is his business, he's one man. 771 00:41:55,641 --> 00:41:58,691 Once Elijah Muhammad turned on Malcolm, 772 00:41:58,769 --> 00:42:01,309 then Muhammad Ali turned on Malcolm. 773 00:42:01,730 --> 00:42:07,070 And that's when Malcolm realized, really came to understand, 774 00:42:07,152 --> 00:42:10,452 that his days in the Nation were pretty much done. 775 00:42:14,326 --> 00:42:16,496 It seems as if everyone around him 776 00:42:16,578 --> 00:42:19,538 understood something that he was too close to see. 777 00:42:20,749 --> 00:42:23,249 He thought he would be reinstated. 778 00:42:24,586 --> 00:42:26,876 And I think it's really not until 779 00:42:26,964 --> 00:42:28,974 after Muhammad Ali's fight that he realizes 780 00:42:29,049 --> 00:42:30,469 that that's not going to happen. 781 00:42:33,554 --> 00:42:35,184 I thought it was great. 782 00:42:35,848 --> 00:42:37,138 I thought it was wonderful. 783 00:42:40,018 --> 00:42:44,268 Elijah Muhammad is divesting himself of his greatest asset 784 00:42:45,232 --> 00:42:47,282 and weakening his organization. 785 00:42:48,610 --> 00:42:52,070 It's like a baseball team deprived of its biggest slugger. 786 00:42:53,740 --> 00:42:56,450 I mean, how much better does it get than that? 66275

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