All language subtitles for Impossible Engineering s03e13 Monster Oil Rig.eng

Perdido, the world's deepest

production
and drilling platform.

What we do is like the space
program in the other direction.

To push engineering frontiers

to the absolute limit...

These machines can easily work

at 10,000-foot depths
or greater.

Engineers look to
the pioneering innovators

of the past...

What once was the wall
has now become the floor.

So the intumescent paint
now is charring

due to a chemical reaction.

That made
the impossible possible.

Captions by vitac...
www.Vitac.Com

captions paid for by
discovery communications

Since the 1940s,
the Gulf of Mexico has provided

a vital source
of energy for America.

Almost 2 million barrels
of liquid fuel

are produced there every day,
and almost half of the country's

entire petroleum-refining
capacity is on the Gulf coast.

The challenge of
accessing deep-water reserves

gets harder and harder.

We're exhausting the supply
or access to the easy barrels.

With every new
discovery and development,

it gets more challenging
and it gets deeper.

That's what causes us to push
the frontiers of technology.

To access these
deep-water fuel reserves,

200 miles from shore
is the revolutionary Perdido,

the deepest production and
drilling facility in the world.

It's a $3 billion
engineering colossus.

The structure itself stands
as tall as the Eiffel Tower

from the bottom of the spire
all the way to the top

of the drilling rig.

Weighing over 60,000 tons,

the world's deepest production
and drilling platform

is anchored to the sea floor
by nine 2-mile-long

steel and polyester
mooring lines.

Oil and gas from
35 newly discovered Wells,

some as far as seven miles away
from the platform,

are pumped to the surface.

At 550 feet long
and 118 feet in diameter,

this floating spar
provides the base

for the three decks where
the oil and gas are processed.

There's space for
two helicopters, a restaurant,

a gym, and multiple cabins
to house the crew of 150-plus,

who live and work
on this record-breaking platform

for 14 days at a time.

Perdido is
an engineering achievement

once thought impossible.

You're going into
a frontier area

in what we call
the ultra-deep water.

We are going in reservoirs that
had not truly been tested before

in new plays
for the oil and gas industry

in the Gulf of Mexico.

You are going into
one of the most severe

environmental conditions
as you can imagine,

in 7,800 feet of water.

Making Perdido possible required

a giant technological leap.

Oil and gas fields wouldn't
exist without the death

of tiny plants and creatures.

While dinosaurs
roamed the earth,

gazillions of dead plankton
and algae built up

on the sea floor...

Oh, crikey.

Before a crust of rock
formed over the top.

Millions of years of pressure
and the earth's heat

essentially cooked this
into an energy-rich soup.

But getting to it underwater

has never been easy.

Because it had to operate
at an unprecedented depth

of 7,800 feet,
engineers determined Perdido

couldn't have legs
like a standard oil rig.

The reason we couldn't use
a conventional

tension leg platform was because
the water depth was so great

that those tension legs
would be too heavy

for any structure
to be able to support.

To go this deep,
Perdido's designers drew on

a breakthrough
military technology

called the floating
instrument platform.

In San Diego, California,
mechanical engineer Dan Dickrell

is exploring one of history's
most unique vessels.

In the early 1960s,
the U.S. Navy was looking for

a new type of research platform
from which to take precise

underwater
acoustic measurements.

Now, the submarines
they'd been using previously

were deemed unstable
due to their shape.

They would yaw in the water,
making it impossible

for the scientists on board
to take the precise measurements

they needed.

Oceanographer
and underwater explorer

Fred Spiess developed
a more balanced solution

that changed deep-sea
exploration forever.

After months
of testing various designs,

Spiess and his team came up
with this, the R.P. Flip,

a floating instrument platform.

But flip
earns its name in another,

more extraordinary way.

This one-of-a-kind,
350-foot-long spar buoy

can go from horizontal to
vertical in just 30 minutes.

But how does this work
with crew on board?

During the flip itself,
everyone comes,

stands out on the outside decks.

As the process occurs,
the decks and the bulkheads

exchange places throughout

the horizontal-to-vertical
transformation.

Most rooms on board
have two doors...

One horizontal orientation,
and another door

for the vertical orientation
of the platform.

Now, in the configuration
it is right now,

we're in
the horizontal position.

But imagine what happens
when the flip occurs.

What once was the wall
has now become the floor,

and what once was the floor
has now become the wall.

Everything on flip

is designed in two
configurations...

Look at this.

It's a sink.
It's a bathroom sink.

But, oh, it pivots.

How bizarre is that?

From rotating
condiment racks in the galley

to tables on the walls.

To maintain its stable position
in the horizontal,

there are huge concrete blocks

underneath what is
now the floor.

But when it's time to change
and flip from horizontal

to vertical,
tons of seawater are pumped into

those ballast chambers slowly

that changes from horizontal
to perfectly vertical.

It's so cool.

When flipped vertically,

amazing stability is provided
by the 800 tons of water

inside a ballast tank
in the long spar

sitting below the surface.

Flip is so steady it can deal
with swells up to 275 feet high

and is still in use today.

Oh, this platform is too crazy.

Engineers in Finland
built on the principles

of Spiess' flip design
to construct the world's

biggest floating spar.

The spar itself is
constructed quite ingeniously.

It's done in slices.

You cut it into slices.

And it's from the top
of it to the can section,

and then the truss section
you do.

And then it's welded
together slice by slice.

Each of the seven-ring sections

has 12 self-contained
compartments,

so if disaster strikes
and a compartment is punctured,

then only that compartment
would flood with water.

On the end of the can section,
an open truss of pipe works

and the ballast area are added

to complete
this massive structure.

Perdido's spar
is about 550 feet.

In diameter, it's 118 feet.

Then the spar
was delivered by ship

to the Perdido site
in the Gulf of Mexico.

To reach depths of 7,800 feet,
plugs are pulled to let seawater

into the ballast, and then,
like Fred Spiess' flip ship,

Perdido's spar slowly
begins the process

of switching from
horizontal to vertical.

So they also pump water
into the tanks

inside the can section,
and that lowers it to give it

that stability to allow the
pitch and the roll to stabilize.

Once upended,
the spar must then be secured

to brace against storms, or
so-called tropical disturbances.

We have a long duration...
Relatively long duration

before we can get to storm-safe.

The first disturbance is
predicted to be here within

about seven to eight days.

Nine supersized
mooring lines had to be tethered

to the floating spar
to the sea floor,

totaling around
20 miles of chain and rope.

So what we do in order
to secure the structure

floating on the surface is
we connect the suction anchors

on the sea floor
with 2-mile-long,

huge polyester mooring lines,
about 25 inches thick,

and massive steel chains on
either side of the mooring line.

For maximum
protection from storms,

the lines fan out for more than
1 1/2 miles around the spar.

Now, it's still sitting
pretty high in the water,

so they put a weight in the
bottom, essentially iron ore.

They pump into a tank at the
bottom of that truss section,

so you have a lot of weight
at the bottom tank.

With the additional
weight and the mooring lines,

Perdido's spar
is finally storm-safe.

But this was just the first step
in creating the world's

deepest production
and drilling facility.

It was critical
to get the top sides

to be a certain weight
because we wanted to do

the top sides' installation
with a single lift.

To do this,
the team had to produce

more engineering
breakthroughs...

You just can't
get people down there,

yet a considerable amount
of work has to still be done

at these water depths.

To deliver this
record-breaking feat

of impossible engineering.

Perdido.

About 200 miles off the Texas
coastline in the Gulf of Mexico,

the world's deepest production
and drilling platform

is at the cutting edge of
ultra-deep water operations.

Moored in waters
nearly 1 1/2 miles deep,

the rig extracts oil
from 35 Wells

across three
newly discovered oil fields,

producing 100,000 barrels
of oil each day.

But creating a rig like this
called for daring engineering.

Once workers anchored
the world's biggest spar,

the next step was to connect
the all-important top side.

What we call the top side
is all of the equipment

that sits on
the structure in the water

that allows us to produce
the oil and gas.

It was critical to get
the top sides to be

a certain weight because
we wanted to do

the top sides' installation
with a single lift

in the interest of doing it
efficiently and safely.

Traditionally,
these multi-story megaplants

are assembled at sea.

But a location
as remote as Perdido's

called for a different solution.

The top sides were
constructed at Ingleside, Texas,

and they were done one layer
at a time, like a birthday cake,

and there are three layers
on the deck of Perdido.

All that was done
in the construction yard,

and then you had
a heavy-lifting device

that took that entire
three-deck layer

and put it on a barge
and shipped it offshore.

With the final weight
around 11,000 tons,

the top side began its journey
deep into the Gulf of Mexico,

where the giant crane vessel,
the Thialf, was waiting

to begin the biggest single lift
ever attempted there.

This was the moment of truth,
when engineers attempted

to connect the spar
to the top side.

Remember, these things,
they were built separately,

one in Finland and one in Texas,
and all by measurements,

and all of a sudden,
this was the first time

they said, "things
better mate together."

And there's a lot
of very anxious moments

as that crane is lifting
that top side on to that hull.

As the lift began,

the top sides were
pivoted into position.

And they fit perfectly.

To see those pins go in,
it's a wonderful feeling.

At last, the spar
settled into its new draft.

With this mammoth construction
milestone complete,

the Perdido team had to focus on
installing production equipment

on the sea floor.

But at 7,800 feet
below the surface,

with a terrain resembling
a mountain range,

this is a seemingly impossible
working environment.

It's extreme amount of pressure.

In addition to that,
it's really, really cold

down there, so you're talking
temperatures in the order of

38 degrees Fahrenheit, so, very,
very cold, and there's no light.

So it's very hostile conditions
in terms of the pressures

we have down there.

With sophisticated
deep-sea hardware needed

on the sea floor,
physically interacting with it

is practically impossible.

You just can't get people down
there, yet a consider amount

of work has to still be done
at these water depths.

In an environment
where even fish

struggle to survive,
how do you carry out

some of the most advanced
engineering work

at these high-pressure depths?

This problem required
another ingenious innovation

from the past...

Check this out. Look at this.

That arm right in there
exactly mimics my actions.

Cool.

To make the impossible possible.

The Perdido platform.

In the Gulf of Mexico,
this engineering giant

is the deepest production and
drilling platform on the planet.

But to drill at the staggering
depth of 7,800 feet

in the water, engineers had to
look to an ingenious innovation

from the past,
the telemanipulator.

In the 1950s, America was
at the forefront of developing

nuclear power for peacetime use.

Crucial to this movement
was Chicago's vast

Argonne national laboratory.

And professor Eric Lima
is here to reveal

the breakthrough telemanipulator
technology that lets scientists

safely handle
radioactive material.

And so, what they would use
are these incredible arms,

and this is really cool.

Look at this.

On the other side of that glass,
it does exactly what I do.

And not only does it
move back and forth, in and out,

but check this out.

Look at this.

That arm right in there
exactly mimics my actions.

Cool.

Called mechanical
master slave manipulators,

or MSMS, these devices allowed
technicians to transfer

basic movements to a second arm

from behind the safety
of a glass wall.

But their dexterity and strength
was still limited.

That is, until 1954,
when engineer Raymond Goertz

added a motor to each arm,
connected by an electric cable,

spawning the powerful
telemanipulator.

It's actually
a force multiplier.

So, I could pick up something
very heavy just like

I was gripping it with
my hand and move it over.

Well, look.
There's another arm right there.

I could use both of them.

It's, like, right out
of some cyborg thing.

Whoa.

It's making noises.

That's the servo motors
up there.

The motors
not only multiplied force.

They also allowed the operator
to feel the movements.

Improved precision was matched
by greater flexibility,

and the electrical cable
connection allowed engineers

to separate the master
and slave arms.

Goertz was able to decouple
the arms, and what that means

is they can be as far apart and
in any location that we want,

so we could actually have
the slave arm coming up

from the floor or coming at
some weird angle to get us

right where we want it to go.

Over the following decades,

Goertz's remote technology
was further finessed,

producing a series of
telemanipulators

that combined safety...

Okay.

With robotic precision.

So, thanks to Goertz
and his work

at Argonne national laboratory,

developing these
telemanipulators,

we are able to go, as humans,

in places that we've never
been able to go before.

Resembling a scene
from a Sci-Fi novel,

engineers at Perdido are using
telemanipulator technology

to work at sea depths that
were once thought impossible.

This fleet of remote-operated
vehicles, or R.O.V.S,

sweep the sea floor
beneath the platform.

This is exactly
the type of R.O.V.

That we would use on Perdido.

This is a 1,000-pound
thrust machine.

One of the main reasons we use
them is simply because

below about
600-foot water depth,

it gets really, really dicey,

really, really risky
to have humans at those depths.

Enter the R.O.V.

These machines can easily work
at 10,000-foot water depth

or greater, and we can always
get them back,

and they never get hurt.

These sub-aqua robots
are equipped for serious work.

These are our hands
that actually connect and attach

all the different
equipment we need.

And here is our eyes.

This camera,
this high-definition camera

is how we see what
we have going on down there.

A leap forward
from Goertz's telemanipulators,

these R.O.V.S can be
operated by a joystick

using a fly-by wire system
back on board the rig.

That allows a R.O.V. To fly out
on excursions and move about

the well pattern to go from
one well to the next,

so they can survey
the entire subsea system.

Installation,
drilling, and maintenance

can all be achieved remotely.

But there was one daunting task
the R.O.V. Engineers

had to overcome...
Getting the oil to shore.

So, you're 150 miles
offshore of the coast of Texas.

And you had to get that oil
and gas back to the beach.

Most of the oil pipelines
that you have

in the Gulf of Mexico
start in less than 5,000 feet

of water depth,
so we had to connect

from Perdido's location
to oil pipelines

and gas pipelines that are

further up
in the shallower water.

Connecting to a live export line

at these depths
had never been attempted.

The pipe had to be cut
and connector installed

with extraordinary precision,
and at nearly 5,000 feet,

it was completely
out of human reach.

Over a two-year period,
the Perdido team designed

and rehearsed for this
procedure with the R.O.V.

And when they made
the attempt, it worked.

To be able to do all that
with remote-operated vehicles

and the water depth
that they did that at Perdido

was world-class.

Never been done before.

This state-of-the-art
solution is opening up

the depths of the sea.

But to tap into the world's
deepest oil reserves,

Perdido's engineers
had to look to the past...

The moment I flip this switch,

something very exciting
is going to happen.

To produce more
impossible engineering.

The Perdido platform
is the deepest

offshore production and drilling
facility ever built.

It has pushed the boundaries
of offshore engineering.

This deep-sea hub
has 22 Wells directly underneath

its structure,
and its reach is far greater.

An additional 13 Wells
across three oil fields

transport crude through a nearly
200-mile web of pipeline.

But creating ultra-deep
offshore Wells is no easy task.

So, when you're offshore,
drilling's a little bit

different than
if you're on land.

In Perdido's Wells,
the total well depth

was somewhere
around 17,000 feet.

But almost half of that,
7,800 feet of it,

was just the water column.

Each new well
must be drilled with precision,

keeping the water out
and the oil in,

or both the project
and the environment

could be irreversibly damaged.

To prevent the oil from leaking,
engineers look to

a revolutionary innovation,
the conductor pipe.

Andrew Smyth is exploring
Titusville, Pennsylvania,

to discover how the conductor
pipe paved the way

for an economic boom
of black gold.

The moment I flip this switch,

something very exciting
is going to happen.

Here it comes. You can see it.

Pennsylvania crude.

It was here in the small town
of Titusville

that the hunt for oil took off
at a scale never before seen,

and all because
of one man's simple innovation.

In 1859,
railway worker Edwin Drake

gambled his life savings on
a small stake

of the newly formed Pennsylvania
rock and oil company.

Drake, as a stakeholder and now
employee, was sent here,

to this very site, where
he began his search for oil.

But early attempts
were met with mixed results.

So, at the time,
the practice in drilling

was to use something
called percussion drilling,

where the drill is just hammered
down through the soil

until you reach your oil.

But Titusville's
water-sodden ground

thwarted his plans at extracting
the oil effectively.

As you withdrew the drill,
the problem would be

that the water would rush into
that space and contaminate

the oil he was
trying to pump out.

To overcome this problem, Drake
and his assistant, Billy Smith,

came upon the idea of connecting
lengths of cast-iron pipe

to encase the freshly dug hole,

preventing the ingress
of the water.

Called a conductor
pipe, they continued to drill

through this now-watertight
space through the ground,

the bedrock, and down
to the oil reservoir.

After drilling 69 feet,
they waited.

Overnight, it happened.

Clean oil had risen up
through the pipe

to a point which
it could now be collected.

Drake's plan had worked.

By the following year,
oil Wells using

Drake's innovative technique
sprang up all over the region,

producing several
hundred thousand barrels.

The nation's
oil bonanza had begun,

and huge fortunes would be made.

To drill to unrivaled
depths, Perdido engineers

have taken the principle
of Drake's conductor pipe

200 miles offshore.

And like that
first well in Titusville,

one thing is crucial.

The processes for drilling
are designed around

keeping the oil in the pipe.

So, you start with big diameter
pipes, and as you go deeper,

you get smaller and smaller
concentric sizes of pipe.

To begin, a hole is
drilled for the conductor pipe.

Then another drill bores
a few hundred feet

before a casing pipe
is installed.

This is followed
by a smaller drill and casing.

The process is repeated until
the oil reservoir is reached.

But with the sea floor
resembling the landscape

of the Grand Canyon, being able
to hit the target area

with the drill is no easy task.

Most of the
locations that we have to drill

are quite far away from the rig,
and we have to use

directional drilling techniques
in order to get there.

The scale that we're
talking about, to be able to

land a well in the exact place
that we need it,

if you were in a typical room,
the thickness of a human hair

from the ceiling
all the way down to the floor,

hitting a square inch,
is the kind of accuracy

that we're talking about.

To tap reservoirs
spread across nearly

30 square miles of sea floor,
GPS-drilling motors

guided the drill string
within a foot of its target.

In all, 35 separate Wells
were created,

feeding five risers
leading up to the rig.

But for the engineering team,
perhaps the biggest challenge

of all is lifting the crude oil
up these risers to the surface.

The reservoirs are low-pressure,

lower than you normally would
find in the Gulf of Mexico.

That required us to add energy
to the system in order

to produce fluids
up to the surface.

To do that, we had to pump.

We had to use
electrical, submersible pumps.

Well, these pumps
don't like gas.

Normally the gas, oil, and water

are separated on the surface.

But to bring Perdido's oil
up to the platform,

engineers had to remove
the gas at the source itself,

over 1 1/2 miles
below on the sea floor.

At the base of each riser,
a unit separates the components.

The gas naturally ascends and is
then pumped to the surface.

The engineering leap for
Perdido was really in two areas.

One was the depth in water
in which we were working.

The other and more significant

was the first ever
subsea process.

After decades of
innovation, in march 2010,

oil from the world's deepest
offshore Wells finally emerged.

We are all piped in via camera

to the guys who are
actually offshore doing it.

And then you start watching the
pressure in the pressure gauges,

and you see the pressure
start falling,

meaning that
it's starting to flow.

It's been a long road, boys.

You know, you've just
done something that,

in Perdido's case,
nobody had ever done before.

We were pumping and separating
on the subsea floor from day 1.

And it all worked,
and that was incredible.

Perdido's engineers
are succeeding in procuring oil

from deep within
the earth's crust.

But to ensure
this operation remains safe,

engineers had to
look to the past...

Let's see what happens
when I light them.

To create
more impossible engineering.

The Perdido oil platform.

It's the first of its kind
to operate

in ultra-deep water depths
at nearly 8,000 feet.

When it started operations,
172 workers spent two weeks

at a time extracting enough oil
to fill more than

six Olympic-size swimming pools
each and every day.

As you fly up to Perdido,

it's 200 miles
away from the coast.

There's pretty much
nothing around it,

and it's almost a 2-hour flight
on the chopper,

and as you get into the range
of where Perdido is,

you see this monument
to what's possible

out in the middle of nowhere,
and it's really satisfying

to land on that and see
what we've accomplished.

But Perdido's isolation creates

logistical challenges.

It's a 24-hour boat journey.

So, while much of
the resupplying happens by ship,

the biweekly turnover of staff
from 200 miles away

is carried out by helicopter.

We're flying these
really large helicopters,

like this s-92 you have, which
can hold up to 19 passengers.

Although we'll fly
with about 15 or 16.

In the event
that helicopter goes down,

that's a lot of people
that we need to take care of.

But when you're
potentially processing more than

100,000 barrels of oil a day,

one hazard above all others
comes to the forefront.

Fire protection
on an offshore installation

is of Paramount importance.

We design for safety.

It's the number-one thing
we have to get right.

The worst thing
that can happen on a rig

or a production facility
in the event of a fire

is it gets out of control.

It gets to be very large
and very catastrophic,

and in that event, we're going
to abandon the facility.

We're going to put people
in lifeboats that they've been

trained to use, and we'll put
those lifeboats in the water

and get people away from the
fire and abandon the platform.

Fire isn't just
a hazard to the workforce.

A hydrocarbon Blaze can reach
such high temperatures,

it has the potential to deform
or even destroy solid steel.

As we become more complex
and remote with these types

of developments, the safety
systems that we need in order

to support them
become ever more critical.

So how can you protect
Perdido's vast surface areas

against the threat
of extreme heat?

Engineers look to
a chemical used for safety

in 19th-century
show business, boron.

If, hundreds of years ago,
fire-safety expert Luke Bisby

visited a theater like this,
he might have been

taking his life in his hands.

At the time, oil lamps
were used for lighting,

so curtains and fabrics
were frequently set ablaze.

But in the early 1800s,
following a string

of tragic fires,
French chemist Joseph Gay Lussac

worked to fireproof
France's theaters.

He began experimenting
with boron, a compound now used

in detergents and cosmetics.

And to demonstrate
how effective it is,

I'm going to do an experiment.

Here, I have a stage,
and it has two curtains.

One of them has been
soaked in boron solution,

and the other one
is just normal fabric.

So let's see what happens
when I light them.

And you can see that the curtain
on the right-hand side

is burning quite vigorously,
whereas the one on the left,

you can clearly see
the effect of the boron,

which is helping the curtains
to prevent flaming.

I mean, I'm impressed,
and I'm a fire-safety person.

The boron helps form
a protective layer of char,

which acts as a buffer
between the fire and the fabric.

But this element alone
isn't enough to protect

the steel platform from being
subsumed by fire.

To protect this
gargantuan platform,

engineers needed to take another
page from engineering history...

So, the intumescent paint now

is charring due to
a chemical reaction.

It's swelling and turning
into a thick char.

To make the impossible possible.

Perdido is the deepest
production and drilling platform

on the planet.

But to keep this colossal
platform and its crew safe

from the outbreak of fire,
engineers had to look to

another fire-safety development
that works on steel...

Intumescent paint.

The charring effect pioneered by
Gay Lussac's use of boron

is also evident
in the modern fire-resistant

intumescent paint.

At Edinburgh university's
fire lab,

Luke Bisby
will put it to the test.

And what we're gonna do is
we're gonna subject

these two steel plates, which
are identical to each other,

to the heat from the flame.

The plate on the left
is coated just with

a household emulsion paint,
and the plate on the right

is coated with a fire-protection
intumescent paint.

All right, so, here we go.

So, the intumescent paint now
is charring due to

a chemical reaction and swelling
and turning into a thick char.

As with Gay Lussac's
boron coating,

this charring looks dramatic,
but temperature monitoring

reveals just how
effective it is.

The untreated steel plate
heats up to 650 degrees.

But the one with intumescent
plate burns under 212 degrees.

As the intumescent paint's
chemical reaction accelerates,

expanding bubbles insulate
this plate's surface.

So, a massive amount of thermal
protection for the steel.

While it's visually
kind of ugly,

it's exactly what
we wanted to see happen.

In the Gulf of Mexico,
the Perdido oil platform

has its key components
coated in an intumescent paint.

So, intumescent
paint that we've used

on Perdido, it's an epoxy
coating on the steel,

and if it comes
into contact with heat,

it'll form a charred layer,
and that'll provide

a heat barrier between
the fire and the steel itself.

So the intumescent paint system
buys you time to either

fight the fire and get it under
control or protect people

to the point where if you need
to get off the platform

and evacuate,
you've got that time.

Above all,
the platform and its workforce

are geared up to stopping fire
breaking out in the first place.

What we do to train
our people to combat a fire,

it starts with prevention.

It's always about prevention,
just like you learned in school.

Prevent the fire to start with.

We have a ton of monitoring
equipment out there

to always be on watch,
24 hours a day,

watching for fires or potential
sources of fires,

like a gas leak.

Perdido is covered by
hundreds of sensors and alarms.

It is rigged with twin
5,000-gallon-per-minute

firewater pumps,
and an automatic foam system

that covers the entire platform,
including the heliport.

All of this is designed
to protect the environment,

the workers, and this remarkable
engineering pioneer.

It's been more than a century
since humanity first dared

to attempt offshore drilling.

Now, in 7,800 feet of water
in the Gulf of Mexico,

a new generation
of bold engineers

has put the Perdido platform
into the record books.

For me personally, that
was the single biggest project

I had ever worked on,
and I've worked on

some good projects,
but I have tremendous pride

in what we did with Perdido.

I think everyone who worked on
that project team feels

they had done something
in the oil industry

that had never been done before

and really set the stage
to move into ultra-deep water.

By looking at
engineering history

and making
the innovations high-tech,

the team behind
the Perdido platform

is rewriting the map and
exploring brand-new frontiers.

What we do is like
the space program

in the other direction,
to be able to push

the boundaries
of what's possible

and achieve more
than you thought you could.

It just gives
a huge sense of satisfaction,

and it provides inspiration
to the next generation

who have to push the boundaries
even further than we did.

Engineers have succeeded

in making
the impossible possible.

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