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These are the user uploaded subtitles that are being translated: 1 00:00:00,041 --> 00:00:01,876 Ripped with SubRip 1.14 and Verified by CdinT (Cristi_Polacsek@SoftHome.net) 2 00:00:01,918 --> 00:00:02,043 I deliver perfection... and don't brag about it! :D 3 00:00:02,085 --> 00:00:05,213 {y:i}TONIGHT ON NOVA: EVEREST. 4 00:00:05,505 --> 00:00:08,758 {y:i}IN 1996, EIGHT DIED {y:i}IN A SINGLE DAY... 5 00:00:09,050 --> 00:00:11,928 {y:i}NOW NOVA TAKES YOU BACK 6 00:00:12,220 --> 00:00:15,974 {y:i}TO EXPLORE THE EFFECTS OF {y:i}ALTITUDE ON THE BODY AND MIND. 7 00:00:16,266 --> 00:00:18,560 ...HE HAD THE NERVE TO WALK ON CAROL'S DOOR. 8 00:00:18,852 --> 00:00:20,687 Man: Excellent, David. 9 00:00:20,979 --> 00:00:22,230 {y:i}AND A NEW DRAMA UNFOLDS. 10 00:00:22,522 --> 00:00:25,817 {y:i}WILL THE SUMMIT CLAIM {y:i}A NEW VICTIM? 11 00:00:26,109 --> 00:00:27,777 Man: WHAT'S GOING ON, ED? 12 00:00:31,072 --> 00:00:33,116 BREATHING QUICKLY RIGHT NOW WON'T HELP YOU, CARTER 13 00:00:33,408 --> 00:00:36,786 AND I KNOW THIS IS REALLY SCARY. 14 00:00:44,669 --> 00:00:47,589 [Captioning sponsored by PARK FOUNDATION 15 00:00:47,881 --> 00:00:49,591 NORTHWESTERN MUTUAL LIFE 16 00:00:49,883 --> 00:00:52,761 THE CORPORATION FOR PUBLIC BROADCASTING 17 00:00:53,053 --> 00:00:56,598 and VIEWERS LIKE YOU] 18 00:01:03,396 --> 00:01:09,027 MAJOR FUNDING FOR "NOVA" IS PROVIDED BY THE PARK FOUNDATION 19 00:01:09,319 --> 00:01:15,367 DEDICATED TO EDUCATION AND QUALITY TELEVISION. 20 00:01:18,286 --> 00:01:22,540 THIS PROGRAM IS FUNDED IN PART BY NORTHWESTERN MUTUAL LIFE 21 00:01:22,832 --> 00:01:26,544 WHICH HAS BEEN PROTECTING FAMILIES AND BUSINESSES 22 00:01:26,836 --> 00:01:28,380 FOR GENERATIONS. 23 00:01:28,672 --> 00:01:33,218 HAVE YOU HEARD FROM THE QUIET COMPANY? 24 00:01:34,678 --> 00:01:38,264 AND BY: 25 00:01:38,890 --> 00:01:42,102 AND: 26 00:01:56,741 --> 00:01:59,994 Foster: FIVE AND A HALF MILES ABOVE SEA LEVEL. 27 00:02:00,286 --> 00:02:07,711 THE HIGH HIMALAYAS STAND FIXED AGAINST THE WIND AND CLOUDS. 28 00:02:09,087 --> 00:02:13,758 THE AIR IS SO THIN, IT IS NOT LIFE-SUSTAINING. 29 00:02:14,050 --> 00:02:19,472 WITHIN HOURS, THE LIVING BEGIN TO DETERIORATE. 30 00:02:20,515 --> 00:02:24,978 BUT HUMANS COME HERE AND STRUGGLE FOR EACH BREATH 31 00:02:25,270 --> 00:02:29,607 TO STAND BRIEFLY ON THE HIGHEST POINT ON EARTH. 32 00:02:29,899 --> 00:02:32,235 Man: IT'S A LIVING HELL. 33 00:02:32,527 --> 00:02:36,531 THE ONLY WAY TO DESCRIBE IT IS AN UTTER EXHAUSTION. 34 00:02:36,823 --> 00:02:38,825 YOU REALLY DON'T CARE IF YOU DIE 35 00:02:39,117 --> 00:02:40,869 OR IF YOU JUST SIT DOWN 36 00:02:41,161 --> 00:02:44,414 AND DON'T GO ANY FURTHER. 37 00:02:44,706 --> 00:02:50,128 Foster: IN 1996, EIGHT PEOPLE DIED IN A SINGLE DAY ON EVEREST. 38 00:02:50,420 --> 00:02:54,716 SCIENTISTS BELIEVE MANY, IF NOT ALL OF THOSE DEATHS 39 00:02:55,008 --> 00:03:00,472 COULD HAVE BEEN DUE TO HYPOXIA, OR LACK OF OXYGEN TO THE BRAIN. 40 00:03:00,764 --> 00:03:02,807 Man: JUDGMENT BECOMES IMPAIRED. 41 00:03:03,099 --> 00:03:04,642 A PERSON BECOMES CONFUSED. 42 00:03:04,934 --> 00:03:08,396 THEY DON'T EVEN KNOW WHERE THEY ARE AS IT GETS WORSE. 43 00:03:08,688 --> 00:03:11,191 PEOPLE HALLUCINATE. 44 00:03:11,483 --> 00:03:15,528 SO ALL SORTS OF MENTAL CHANGES CAN TAKE PLACE 45 00:03:15,820 --> 00:03:20,617 AS THE BRAIN STARTS TO BECOME MORE AND MORE ABNORMAL. 46 00:03:20,909 --> 00:03:24,079 Man: IT'S A VERY SLOW AND ARDUOUS PROCESS. 47 00:03:24,371 --> 00:03:28,541 YOU TAKE A STEP, YOU BREATHE, YOU TAKE ANOTHER STEP. 48 00:03:28,833 --> 00:03:32,212 THAT'S ALL YOUR MIND IS OCCUPIED WITH 49 00:03:32,504 --> 00:03:36,466 IS TAKING EACH INDIVIDUAL STEP. 50 00:03:36,758 --> 00:03:42,722 Foster: FOR EVERY SIX SUCCESSFUL SUMMITS ON EVEREST, ONE PERSON WILL DIE. 51 00:03:43,014 --> 00:03:46,518 WITH MORE PEOPLE CLIMBING INTO THE DEATH ZONE... 52 00:03:46,810 --> 00:03:48,937 ABOVE 26,000 FEET... 53 00:03:49,229 --> 00:03:51,064 ONE CRITICAL QUESTION IS 54 00:03:51,356 --> 00:03:54,567 HOW OXYGEN DEPRIVATION AFFECTS THE BRAIN. 55 00:03:54,859 --> 00:03:59,531 DAVID BREASHEARS, A HIGH-ALTITUDE CLIMBER AND FILMMAKER 56 00:03:59,823 --> 00:04:03,076 HAS STOOD ON TOP OF EVEREST THREE TIMES. 57 00:04:03,368 --> 00:04:04,911 IT'S JUST HARD WORK. 58 00:04:05,203 --> 00:04:08,456 EVERYTHING ABOUT BEING AT ALTITUDE IS HARD. 59 00:04:08,748 --> 00:04:12,794 WE GO UP WITH THE BEST TECHNOLOGY AVAILABLE TO US 60 00:04:13,086 --> 00:04:15,380 THE BEST TRAINING 61 00:04:15,672 --> 00:04:20,927 AND YOU CAN STILL END UP FROZEN TO DEATH AT 27,500 FEET. 62 00:04:21,219 --> 00:04:25,181 THAT'S WHAT MAKES EVEREST EVEREST. 63 00:04:25,473 --> 00:04:30,020 Foster: DAVID WAS MAKING THE IMAX FILM, "EVEREST", LAST YEAR 64 00:04:30,311 --> 00:04:33,523 WHEN A STORM CLAIMED EIGHT CLIMBERS' LIVES. 65 00:04:33,815 --> 00:04:40,613 HE HELPED RESCUE SOME, BUT OTHERS WERE BEYOND HELP. 66 00:04:41,948 --> 00:04:45,493 HE IS RETURNING TO FILM AND LEAD AN EXPEDITION 67 00:04:45,785 --> 00:04:48,955 THAT WILL EXPLORE THE EFFECTS OF ALTITUDE 68 00:04:49,247 --> 00:04:51,458 ON THE BODY AND MIND. 69 00:04:51,750 --> 00:04:56,046 Breashears: EVERYONE THINKS THAT THEY'RE THINKING VERY CLEARLY UP HIGH 70 00:04:56,338 --> 00:05:00,133 AND YET BY VIRTUE OF GOING UP INTO THAT ATMOSPHERE 71 00:05:00,425 --> 00:05:04,888 YOU GREATLY INCREASE YOUR LIKELIHOOD FOR MAKING AN ERROR. 72 00:05:05,180 --> 00:05:08,183 Foster: ON THE EARLY EVEREST EXPEDITIONS 73 00:05:08,475 --> 00:05:15,357 CLIMBERS TREKKED FOR WEEKS TO GET TO THE BASE OF THE MOUNTAIN. 74 00:05:16,149 --> 00:05:22,739 TODAY, THEY FLY INTO A SHERPA VILLAGE AT 9,000 FEET. 75 00:05:29,079 --> 00:05:33,583 IT WILL TAKE TEN DAYS TO ASCEND THE 9,000 FEET IN ELEVATION 76 00:05:33,875 --> 00:05:38,088 TO EVEREST BASE CAMP. 77 00:05:38,630 --> 00:05:45,220 BASE CAMP IS A TEMPORARY CITY OF TENTS HOUSING 300 PEOPLE 78 00:05:45,512 --> 00:05:48,723 TO SUPPORT NINE EXPEDITIONS. 79 00:05:49,015 --> 00:05:51,351 THE ACCOMMODATIONS MAY BE CRUDE 80 00:05:51,643 --> 00:05:57,649 BUT MOST TEAMS HAVE A SATELLITE LINK TO THE OUTSIDE WORLD. 81 00:05:57,941 --> 00:06:00,735 IT LOOKS LIKE ABOUT 30 PEOPLE STANDING THERE... 82 00:06:01,027 --> 00:06:04,447 Foster: DAVID BREASHEARS MEETS UP WITH HIS TEAM MEMBERS 83 00:06:04,739 --> 00:06:07,450 AND THEY SCOPE OUT THE ROUTE UP THE MOUNTAIN. 84 00:06:07,742 --> 00:06:09,077 WHAT DO YOU GUYS THINK 85 00:06:09,369 --> 00:06:12,205 ABOUT THE UPPER PART THERE BEFORE CAMP ONE? 86 00:06:12,497 --> 00:06:14,791 Foster: DAVID CARTER, FROM INDIANA 87 00:06:15,083 --> 00:06:19,379 IS RETURNING TO EVEREST AFTER AN UNSUCCESSFUL ATTEMPT IN 1991. 88 00:06:19,671 --> 00:06:21,297 WE ALWAYS PUT LADDERS THERE 89 00:06:21,589 --> 00:06:24,968 AND THAT'S THE TOUGHEST PART OF THE WHOLE ICEFALL THERE. 90 00:06:25,260 --> 00:06:27,887 Foster: ED VIESTURS WILL BE GUIDING CARTER. 91 00:06:28,179 --> 00:06:29,597 CONSIDERED ONE OF TODAY'S 92 00:06:29,889 --> 00:06:31,850 PREMIER HIGH-ALTITUDE MOUNTAINEERS 93 00:06:32,142 --> 00:06:35,603 ED HAS CLIMBED EVEREST FOUR TIMES, TWICE WITHOUT OXYGEN. 94 00:06:35,895 --> 00:06:39,482 JANGBU SHERPA CLIMBED EVEREST FOR THE SECOND TIME 95 00:06:39,774 --> 00:06:41,693 ON DAVID'S LAST EXPEDITION. 96 00:06:41,985 --> 00:06:44,946 HE IS IN CHARGE OF THE LARGE SHERPA STAFF 97 00:06:45,238 --> 00:06:47,240 THAT WILL SUPPORT THE TEAM. 98 00:06:47,532 --> 00:06:51,619 THESE CLIMBERS WILL TAKE PART IN A BATTERY OF SCIENTIFIC TESTS 99 00:06:51,911 --> 00:06:57,042 THAT WILL GAUGE THEIR PERFORMANCES AT ALTITUDE. 100 00:06:57,334 --> 00:07:02,964 ED VIESTURS LIVES AND TRAINS IN SEATTLE. 101 00:07:03,590 --> 00:07:06,634 TWO WEEKS BEFORE LEAVING FOR THE MOUNTAIN 102 00:07:06,926 --> 00:07:08,970 THE CLIMBERS JOINED HIM 103 00:07:09,262 --> 00:07:13,183 AT THE UNIVERSITY OF WASHINGTON FOR BASELINE TESTS. 104 00:07:13,475 --> 00:07:17,312 DR. BROWNIE SCHOENE LOOKS FOR PHYSIOLOGICAL CLUES 105 00:07:17,604 --> 00:07:21,566 THAT DETERMINE WHO WILL PERFORM WELL AT ALTITUDE. 106 00:07:21,858 --> 00:07:24,319 ONE DETERMINANT IS LUNG CAPACITY. 107 00:07:24,611 --> 00:07:27,906 Schoene: IS IT IMPORTANT TO HAVE BIG LUNGS? 108 00:07:28,198 --> 00:07:31,201 YES, BECAUSE IN THAT REGARD, YOU CAN MOVE MORE AIR 109 00:07:31,493 --> 00:07:33,495 OBTAIN MORE OXYGEN WITHIN THE LUNGS 110 00:07:33,787 --> 00:07:35,622 THAT THEN THE BLOOD CAN PICK UP 111 00:07:35,914 --> 00:07:37,999 AND DELIVER TO THE MUSCLE TISSUES. 112 00:07:38,291 --> 00:07:42,837 Foster: WHEN WE BREATHE IN, OXYGEN MOLECULES PASS THROUGH THE LUNGS 113 00:07:43,129 --> 00:07:44,798 INTO THE AIR SACS. 114 00:07:45,090 --> 00:07:48,134 HERE, PURPLE OXYGEN-DEFICIENT BLOOD CELLS 115 00:07:48,426 --> 00:07:51,262 BECOME REVITALIZED AND RED WITH OXYGEN 116 00:07:51,554 --> 00:07:55,225 AND ARE PUMPED BY THE HEART THROUGHOUT THE BODY. 117 00:07:55,517 --> 00:07:58,978 DR. SCHOENE MEASURES THE CLIMBERS' HEART RATES 118 00:07:59,270 --> 00:08:00,772 AND ABILITY TO WORK. 119 00:08:01,064 --> 00:08:02,857 CARTER IS WELL ABOVE AVERAGE. 120 00:08:03,149 --> 00:08:04,526 AT THE ELITE LEVEL 121 00:08:04,818 --> 00:08:07,153 ARE ED VIESTURS AND DAVID BREASHEARS. 122 00:08:07,445 --> 00:08:10,031 Schoene: THE ELITE HIGH-ALTITUDE CLIMBER 123 00:08:10,323 --> 00:08:12,659 CAN TRUDGE THROUGH THE SNOW, BREAK TRAIL 124 00:08:12,951 --> 00:08:20,166 CLIMB UP A CLIFF AT THEIR MAXIMUM CAPABILITY FOR HOURS. 125 00:08:20,458 --> 00:08:22,502 Foster: HIGH ON EVEREST 126 00:08:22,794 --> 00:08:25,797 MANY CLIMBERS APPROACH THEIR MAXIMUM HEART RATE 127 00:08:26,089 --> 00:08:27,882 JUST GASPING IN THE THIN AIR. 128 00:08:28,174 --> 00:08:31,219 SOME MAY COLLAPSE, UNABLE TO GO ON. 129 00:08:31,511 --> 00:08:32,679 GOOD JOB, GOOD JOB. 130 00:08:35,390 --> 00:08:38,560 Foster: THE AMOUNT OF OXYGEN IN CARTER'S BLOOD 131 00:08:38,852 --> 00:08:41,021 IS MEASURED BY DR. HOWARD DONNER. 132 00:08:41,312 --> 00:08:43,064 CARTER, THIS LITTLE MACHINE 133 00:08:43,356 --> 00:08:45,400 THAT GOES BEEP IS AN OXIMETER. 134 00:08:45,692 --> 00:08:47,986 THE TOP NUMBER HERE IS YOUR SATURATION 135 00:08:48,278 --> 00:08:51,573 WHICH IS A MEASUREMENT OF THE OXYGEN IN YOUR BLOOD. 136 00:08:51,865 --> 00:08:55,702 100 MEANS THAT YOU'RE COMPLETELY SATURATED 137 00:08:55,994 --> 00:09:00,081 WHICH IS WHAT WE'D EXPECT CLOSE TO SEA LEVEL. 138 00:09:00,373 --> 00:09:03,209 AS YOU GO HIGHER, THIS NUMBER IS GOING TO DROP. 139 00:09:03,501 --> 00:09:05,378 THIS LOWER NUMBER IS YOUR PULSE. 140 00:09:05,670 --> 00:09:07,505 AND YOU HAVE A NICE SLOW PULSE. 141 00:09:07,797 --> 00:09:10,383 IT'S 63, WHICH IS NORMAL FOR YOU RESTING. 142 00:09:10,675 --> 00:09:12,427 AND AS YOU GO UP IN ALTITUDE 143 00:09:12,719 --> 00:09:16,014 A NORMAL RESPONSE IS TO SEE YOUR PULSE RATE GO UP. 144 00:09:16,306 --> 00:09:21,603 Foster: CARTER IS NOW GIVEN A DECREASED LEVEL OF OXYGEN 145 00:09:21,895 --> 00:09:27,025 TO SIMULATE GOING TO HIGH ALTITUDE. 146 00:09:27,317 --> 00:09:31,196 HIS BODY STRIVES TO GET MORE OXYGEN. 147 00:09:31,488 --> 00:09:34,949 AS CARTER'S BLOOD-OXYGEN SATURATION FALLS 148 00:09:35,241 --> 00:09:38,995 HIS BREATHING INCREASES AND HIS HEART SPEEDS UP 149 00:09:39,287 --> 00:09:44,334 TRYING TO PUMP MORE BLOOD MADE RED WITH OXYGEN TO HIS ORGANS. 150 00:09:44,626 --> 00:09:48,672 OVER TIME, MORE OXYGEN-CARRYING BLOOD CELLS WILL BE PRODUCED 151 00:09:48,963 --> 00:09:51,883 TO CARRY THE OXYGEN WHERE IT IS MOST NEEDED... 152 00:09:52,175 --> 00:09:54,135 TO THE MUSCLES AND BRAIN. 153 00:09:54,427 --> 00:09:58,223 THESE PHYSIOLOGICAL CHANGES ARE CALLED ACCLIMATIZATION 154 00:09:58,515 --> 00:10:02,268 AND THEY ENABLE A PERSON TO SURVIVE AT HIGH ALTITUDE. 155 00:10:02,560 --> 00:10:05,313 YOU'RE GETTING A LITTLE BIT HIGHER ALTITUDE. 156 00:10:05,605 --> 00:10:07,273 YOU FEELING ALL RIGHT? 157 00:10:07,565 --> 00:10:10,652 Foster: DUE TO THIS SUDDEN EXPOSURE TO HIGH ALTITUDE 158 00:10:10,944 --> 00:10:14,155 CARTER'S OXYGEN SATURATION PLUMMETS. 159 00:10:14,447 --> 00:10:20,203 HE WILL ULTIMATELY PASS OUT FROM THE LACK OF OXYGEN TO HIS BRAIN. 160 00:10:20,495 --> 00:10:23,081 WE'VE FOUND SOME ABNORMALITIES PREVIOUSLY 161 00:10:23,373 --> 00:10:25,041 IN HIGH-ALTITUDE CLIMBERS... 162 00:10:25,333 --> 00:10:28,378 Foster: DR. PETER HACKETT ADDRESSES THE CLIMBERS 163 00:10:28,670 --> 00:10:32,590 ON THE EFFECTS OF DECREASED OXYGEN TO THE BRAIN. 164 00:10:32,882 --> 00:10:34,843 ONE OF THE MORE PRESSING QUESTIONS 165 00:10:35,135 --> 00:10:36,761 IN HIGH-ALTITUDE MEDICINE IS 166 00:10:37,053 --> 00:10:40,306 DOES CLIMBING TO EXTREME ALTITUDE CAUSE BRAIN DAMAGE? 167 00:10:40,598 --> 00:10:43,351 WE'LL BE LOOKING AT THAT IN A NUMBER OF WAYS. 168 00:10:43,643 --> 00:10:45,729 ONE IS BY M.R.I. SCANS. 169 00:10:46,021 --> 00:10:49,065 SOME WORK INDICATES THAT SOME CLIMBERS 170 00:10:49,357 --> 00:10:52,444 WHO GO TO EXTREME ALTITUDE WITHOUT OXYGEN 171 00:10:52,736 --> 00:10:55,905 DO COME BACK WITH SLIGHTLY SMALLER BRAINS. 172 00:10:56,197 --> 00:11:01,161 IF CELLS OF THE BRAIN ACTUALLY DIE, THE BRAIN WILL GET SMALLER. 173 00:11:01,453 --> 00:11:03,413 THAT'S WHAT HAPPENS WITH STROKES 174 00:11:03,705 --> 00:11:06,666 AND OTHER THINGS THAT CAUSE BRAIN CELLS TO DIE. 175 00:11:06,958 --> 00:11:09,336 WE'LL LOOK AT THE VOLUMES OF THE BRAIN 176 00:11:09,627 --> 00:11:11,129 BY THESE SPECIAL SCANS. 177 00:11:11,421 --> 00:11:14,966 THESE ARE UNUSUAL PEOPLE GOING TO A VERY UNUSUAL PLACE. 178 00:11:15,258 --> 00:11:17,427 SO THERE'S SOME OPPORTUNITIES HERE. 179 00:11:17,719 --> 00:11:20,638 DAVID AND ED HAVE BEEN TO ALTITUDE MANY TIMES 180 00:11:20,930 --> 00:11:22,766 AND WE MIGHT EXPECT THEM 181 00:11:23,058 --> 00:11:26,394 TO REACT A LITTLE BIT DIFFERENTLY THAN DAVID CARTER 182 00:11:26,686 --> 00:11:30,857 WHO IS A RELATIVE NEWCOMER AT THESE KIND OF EXTREME ALTITUDES. 183 00:11:31,149 --> 00:11:33,777 I'VE LIVED BY THE RIVER FOR 20 YEARS... 184 00:11:34,069 --> 00:11:38,073 Foster: PSYCHOMETRIC TESTING WILL REVEAL SUBTLE CHANGES 185 00:11:38,365 --> 00:11:41,618 IN THE CLIMBERS' ABILITIES TO PROCESS INFORMATION 186 00:11:41,910 --> 00:11:43,286 AS THEY GO HIGHER. 187 00:11:43,578 --> 00:11:45,914 Woman: WHAT WE WILL EXPECT TO SEE IS 188 00:11:46,206 --> 00:11:48,708 THAT THERE IS A SLOWING IN SPEECH. 189 00:11:49,000 --> 00:11:51,586 THERE'LL BE A SLOWING IN REACTION TIME. 190 00:11:51,878 --> 00:11:54,923 WE MAY SEE A LOT OF MISSPEAKS. 191 00:11:55,215 --> 00:12:01,554 THEY WON'T SAY THINGS QUITE THE WAY THEY WOULD AT SEA LEVEL. 192 00:12:01,846 --> 00:12:05,517 THERE'LL BE SLURRING AND HESITATIONS. 193 00:12:05,809 --> 00:12:07,811 THIS ONE'S A LITTLE MORE DIFFICULT. 194 00:12:08,103 --> 00:12:10,188 THIS TIME WHAT YOU'RE GOING TO DO IS 195 00:12:10,480 --> 00:12:11,815 GO DOWN THE COLUMNS 196 00:12:12,107 --> 00:12:15,026 AND YOU'RE GOING TO SAY THE COLOR THAT YOU SEE. 197 00:12:15,318 --> 00:12:17,696 YOU HAVE TO DISREGARD THE WORD YOU SEE. 198 00:12:17,987 --> 00:12:19,531 TELL ME THE COLOR 199 00:12:19,823 --> 00:12:23,159 THAT THE WORD IS PRINTED IN, OKAY? 200 00:12:23,451 --> 00:12:28,665 BLUE, RED, GREEN, BLUE, RED... BLUE 201 00:12:28,957 --> 00:12:32,836 GREEN, RED, GREEN 202 00:12:33,128 --> 00:12:36,715 BLUE, GREEN, BLUE... 203 00:12:37,007 --> 00:12:38,591 STOP. 204 00:12:38,883 --> 00:12:41,011 THAT'S GOING TO BE FUN AT ALTITUDE. 205 00:12:41,302 --> 00:12:42,679 ISN'T THAT FUN? 206 00:12:42,971 --> 00:12:46,725 IF CHARLES BEATS DAVID IN A SPRINT 207 00:12:47,017 --> 00:12:50,270 WHICH MAN IS THE FASTER RUNNER? 208 00:12:50,562 --> 00:12:51,938 CHARLES. 209 00:12:52,230 --> 00:12:54,774 Hackett: PEOPLE LIKE ED VIESTURS AND OTHERS 210 00:12:55,066 --> 00:12:56,568 WHO MAKE A CAREER 211 00:12:56,860 --> 00:12:59,904 OUT OF DOING THESE VERY HIGH PEAKS WITHOUT OXYGEN 212 00:13:00,196 --> 00:13:02,741 MAY HAVE SOME LONG-TERM BRAIN ABNORMALITIES. 213 00:13:03,033 --> 00:13:04,701 SOME STUDIES INDICATE 214 00:13:04,993 --> 00:13:08,580 THAT THEY DO HAVE VERY MINOR, SUBTLE COGNITIVE DYSFUNCTION 215 00:13:08,872 --> 00:13:11,875 AND IT CAN BE FOUND ONLY ON PSYCHOMETRIC TESTING. 216 00:13:12,167 --> 00:13:13,960 THERE'S NOTHING OBVIOUS. 217 00:13:14,252 --> 00:13:17,797 THEIR M.R.I. s SHOW THAT THERE CAN BE STRUCTURAL CHANGES. 218 00:13:18,089 --> 00:13:22,177 WE HAVE YET TO HAVE A GOOD CORRELATION 219 00:13:22,469 --> 00:13:24,637 BETWEEN THE M.R.I. STRUCTURAL CHANGES 220 00:13:24,929 --> 00:13:26,473 AND THE COGNITIVE CHANGES. 221 00:13:26,765 --> 00:13:29,434 THAT'S GOING TO TAKE MORE TIME, MORE STUDIES 222 00:13:29,726 --> 00:13:32,312 MORE RESEARCH LIKE WE'RE DOING NOW. 223 00:13:32,604 --> 00:13:36,024 Foster: DR. HOWARD DONNER TREKS INTO BASE CAMP 224 00:13:36,316 --> 00:13:38,443 WHERE HE WILL BE STATIONED 225 00:13:38,735 --> 00:13:42,113 TO MONITOR THE HEALTH OF THE CLIMBERS. 226 00:13:42,405 --> 00:13:46,159 HOWARD! YOU MADE IT! 227 00:13:46,451 --> 00:13:48,578 MAN, YOU'RE MOVING LIKE AN OLD MAN. 228 00:13:48,870 --> 00:13:52,624 I'M NOT READY TO SPEAK IN COHERENT SENTENCES, SO GO EASY. 229 00:13:52,916 --> 00:13:56,044 Breashears: WELCOME TO BASE CAMP. 230 00:13:56,336 --> 00:13:57,921 THANKS, MAN. 231 00:13:58,213 --> 00:13:59,839 GOOD TO SEE YOU. 232 00:14:00,131 --> 00:14:02,342 THIS IS JANGBU, OUR SIRDAR. 233 00:14:02,634 --> 00:14:04,636 JANGBU, GOOD TO MEET YOU. 234 00:14:04,928 --> 00:14:05,970 YOU LOOK BLUE. 235 00:14:06,262 --> 00:14:07,305 GIVE ME YOUR HAND. 236 00:14:07,597 --> 00:14:10,100 I'VE GOT A PULSE OXIMETER HERE. 237 00:14:10,392 --> 00:14:13,103 I DON'T TRUST YOU WITH MEDICAL DEVICES. 238 00:14:13,395 --> 00:14:15,105 YOU'RE ALIVE. 239 00:14:15,397 --> 00:14:17,899 YOUR SATURATION LEVEL, 74 240 00:14:18,191 --> 00:14:20,777 AND YOUR PULSE IS ABOUT 85. 241 00:14:21,069 --> 00:14:26,157 Foster: A BLOOD OXYGEN LEVEL OF 74% WOULD BE ALARMING AT SEA LEVEL 242 00:14:26,449 --> 00:14:30,870 BUT IS NORMAL FOR SOMEONE WHO HAS JUST REACHED 18,000 FEET. 243 00:14:31,162 --> 00:14:33,248 WELL, WOULD YOU LIKE SOME TEA? 244 00:14:33,540 --> 00:14:35,500 WE'LL GET YOU WARMED UP. 245 00:14:35,792 --> 00:14:39,421 Foster: AS HOWARD ACCLIMATIZES OVER THE NEXT FEW DAYS 246 00:14:39,713 --> 00:14:42,966 THE LEVEL OF OXYGEN IN HIS BLOOD SHOULD INCREASE. 247 00:14:43,258 --> 00:14:47,470 IF IT DOESN'T, HE MAY BECOME ILL WITH ACUTE MOUNTAIN SICKNESS. 248 00:14:47,762 --> 00:14:50,765 THE EARLY WARNING SIGNS OF MOUNTAIN SICKNESS 249 00:14:51,057 --> 00:14:54,102 ARE PRIMARILY HEADACHE, FOLLOWED BY DIZZINESS 250 00:14:54,394 --> 00:14:56,980 TROUBLE SLEEPING AND LACK OF APPETITE. 251 00:14:57,272 --> 00:14:59,691 AND THEN AS IT PROGRESSES 252 00:14:59,983 --> 00:15:03,445 ONE DEVELOPS A MORE SEVERE HEADACHE, NAUSEA AND VOMITING 253 00:15:03,737 --> 00:15:07,073 AND TROUBLE WITH THE BALANCE OR COORDINATION. 254 00:15:07,365 --> 00:15:09,492 AND THAT IS THE HALLMARK SIGN 255 00:15:09,784 --> 00:15:13,246 OF PROGRESSION TO DEFINITE COGNITIVE PROBLEMS. 256 00:15:13,538 --> 00:15:15,498 I'VE HAVE ALTITUDE SICKNESS BEFORE 257 00:15:15,790 --> 00:15:18,043 AND I KNOW HOW BAD A HEADACHE CAN GET. 258 00:15:18,335 --> 00:15:22,088 THE TWO THINGS THAT REALLY AFFECT YOU 259 00:15:22,380 --> 00:15:27,093 ARE SHORTAGE OF BREATH AND THE LACK OF SLEEP. 260 00:15:27,385 --> 00:15:30,138 SOMETIMES YOU REST AND YOU FEEL OKAY. 261 00:15:30,430 --> 00:15:33,683 THEN YOU START WALKING, AND IT'S NOT OKAY. 262 00:15:33,975 --> 00:15:38,188 AFTER MY HEAD HAS GONE TOO BIGGER LIKE THIS... 263 00:15:38,480 --> 00:15:40,815 I EXPERIENCED THE MOST SHOCKING HEADACHE 264 00:15:41,107 --> 00:15:42,442 I'VE EVER HAD IN MY LIFE 265 00:15:42,734 --> 00:15:44,110 AND I FELT SICK. 266 00:15:44,402 --> 00:15:47,447 AND IN THE NIGHTTIME, I TOOK TWO ASPIRIN; 267 00:15:47,739 --> 00:15:51,910 AFTER THAT, SO WHENEVER I FELT MYSELF TO GET HEADACHE. 268 00:15:52,202 --> 00:15:53,703 NOW I'M FINE. 269 00:15:53,995 --> 00:15:56,539 Foster: IF SYMPTOMS GET WORSE 270 00:15:56,831 --> 00:16:01,503 A PORTABLE HYPERBARIC CHAMBER, KNOWN AS A GAMOW BAG, CAN HELP. 271 00:16:01,795 --> 00:16:03,797 WHAT'S YOUR ALTIMETER SAY NOW? 272 00:16:04,089 --> 00:16:07,801 WE'RE ABOUT 17,600 FEET. 273 00:16:09,302 --> 00:16:13,682 Foster: THE BAG IS INFLATED TO INCREASE THE PRESSURE INSIDE. 274 00:16:13,973 --> 00:16:17,769 THIS RESULTS IN A HIGHER DENSITY OF OXYGEN MOLECULES. 275 00:16:18,061 --> 00:16:20,522 DOUG, WHY DON'T YOU WATCH YOUR ALTIMETER 276 00:16:20,814 --> 00:16:23,983 AND LET US KNOW IN A MOMENT WHAT IT'S TELLING US. 277 00:16:24,275 --> 00:16:26,361 Doug: BOY, WE'RE DROPPING FAST! 278 00:16:26,653 --> 00:16:30,490 Foster: THIS SIMULATES A DESCENT OF SEVERAL THOUSAND FEET 279 00:16:30,782 --> 00:16:33,368 WHERE THE AMBIENT AIR HOLDS MORE OXYGEN. 280 00:16:33,660 --> 00:16:35,662 DOUG, WHAT'S YOUR ALTITUDE? 281 00:16:35,954 --> 00:16:40,041 Doug: I'M AT ABOUT 15,300 FEET NOW. 282 00:16:40,333 --> 00:16:44,254 Donner: AT THIS ALTITUDE, PUMPING THIS BAG UP TO TWO P.S.I. 283 00:16:44,546 --> 00:16:48,299 WILL BRING A PATIENT DOWN TO AN ALTITUDE INSIDE THE BAG 284 00:16:48,591 --> 00:16:51,428 OF ABOUT 8,000 FEET LOWER THAN WE ARE HERE. 285 00:16:51,720 --> 00:16:54,431 DOUG, WHAT ALTITUDE ARE YOU AT? 286 00:16:54,723 --> 00:16:57,267 Doug: WE'RE AT 10,900 FEET. 287 00:16:57,559 --> 00:17:00,020 MOST OF THE TIME, PUTTING A PATIENT IN 288 00:17:00,311 --> 00:17:03,523 FOR A NUMBER OF HOURS, THEY'LL GET SOME BENEFIT. 289 00:17:03,815 --> 00:17:07,110 IF DOUG COULDN'T WALK BECAUSE OF SEVERE MOUNTAIN SICKNESS 290 00:17:07,402 --> 00:17:09,738 WE'D PUT HIM IN FOR FOUR OR FIVE HOURS 291 00:17:10,030 --> 00:17:13,950 AND NOW HE'S ABLE TO WALK DOWN THE HILL UNDER HIS OWN POWER. 292 00:17:14,242 --> 00:17:20,415 OKAY, DOUG, I'M GOING TO STOP PUMPING AND SLOWLY DEFLATE. 293 00:17:20,707 --> 00:17:23,585 Foster: WITHIN SECONDS, THE PRESSURE DECREASES 294 00:17:23,877 --> 00:17:30,091 AND THE PATIENT RETURNS TO 17,600 FEET. 295 00:17:30,300 --> 00:17:31,718 ARE YOUR EARS OKAY, DOUG? 296 00:17:32,010 --> 00:17:32,969 Doug: I'M FINE. 297 00:17:33,261 --> 00:17:34,512 HE'S BACK TO BASE CAMP 298 00:17:34,804 --> 00:17:37,140 BECAUSE THERE'S NO MORE TENSION HERE. 299 00:17:37,432 --> 00:17:38,850 Breashears: LAKBA? 300 00:17:39,142 --> 00:17:40,727 YES, SIR? 301 00:17:41,019 --> 00:17:41,978 MAY I HAVE TEA? 302 00:17:42,270 --> 00:17:43,396 YES. 303 00:17:43,688 --> 00:17:44,647 THANK YOU VERY MUCH. 304 00:17:44,939 --> 00:17:46,191 WELCOME, SIR. 305 00:17:46,483 --> 00:17:49,694 IT'S 5:30 IN THE MORNING HERE AT BASE CAMP. 306 00:17:49,986 --> 00:17:53,531 WE'LL BE DOING A LITTLE FILMING TODAY WITH JANGBU. 307 00:17:53,823 --> 00:17:55,492 THAT'S WHY I'M HERE. 308 00:17:55,784 --> 00:18:01,748 WE'VE GOT OUR HARNESS ON, OUR BOOTS AND OUR CRAMPONS. 309 00:18:02,040 --> 00:18:05,210 AND THOSE ARE ALL OUR TOOLS FOR THE ICEFALL 310 00:18:05,502 --> 00:18:08,088 AND SO, UH... 311 00:18:08,380 --> 00:18:14,719 I HAVE TO EAT AND DRINK AND GET READY TO GO. 312 00:18:18,431 --> 00:18:21,267 Foster: THE KHUMBU ICEFALL IS A STEEP GLACIER 313 00:18:21,559 --> 00:18:26,856 RIDDLED WITH DEEP CREVASSES AND HUGE ICE BLOCKS. 314 00:18:27,148 --> 00:18:30,735 IT CAN ONLY BE TRAVERSED WITH THE USE OF LADDERS AND ROPE 315 00:18:31,027 --> 00:18:36,282 FIXED AND MAINTAINED BY A TEAM OF SHERPAS. 316 00:19:04,394 --> 00:19:07,439 IT IS HERE, AT THE BEGINNING OF THE CLIMB 317 00:19:07,731 --> 00:19:13,111 WHERE THE GREATEST OBJECTIVE DANGERS ON EVEREST LIE. 318 00:19:21,036 --> 00:19:24,205 ON THIS SECTION, FOUR LADDERS ARE STRAPPED TOGETHER 319 00:19:24,497 --> 00:19:31,713 TO HELP CLIMBERS SCALE A HUNDRED-FOOT WALL OF ICE. 320 00:19:34,132 --> 00:19:36,843 JANGBU AND DAVID USE MECHANICAL ASCENDERS 321 00:19:37,135 --> 00:19:40,138 TO CLIMB UP THE FIXED ROPES. 322 00:19:40,430 --> 00:19:45,101 THIS IS CALLED "JUMARING". 323 00:19:46,603 --> 00:19:49,105 THE ICEFALL IS A JIGSAW PUZZLE 324 00:19:49,397 --> 00:19:53,109 OF GIANT BLUE ICE PUZZLE PIECES THE SIZE OF HOUSES 325 00:19:53,401 --> 00:19:57,989 WEIGHING SOME 30 TONS EACH. 326 00:19:58,281 --> 00:20:00,492 WITHOUT WARNING, THE BLOCKS CAN SHIFT 327 00:20:00,784 --> 00:20:07,916 AND CREVASSES CAVE IN, TAKING CLIMBERS WITH THEM. 328 00:20:11,294 --> 00:20:14,047 DAVID JUMARS UP THE LAST PITCH OF THE ICEFALL 329 00:20:14,339 --> 00:20:17,676 TO ARRIVE AT CAMP I. 330 00:20:17,967 --> 00:20:22,138 Breashears: OKAY, EVERYBODY DOWN THERE, THIS IS DAVID FROM CAMP I 331 00:20:22,430 --> 00:20:25,266 READY TO PROCEED WITH THE HIGH-ALTITUDE TESTS. 332 00:20:25,558 --> 00:20:27,769 AND I WANTED TO START OUT WITH, UH... 333 00:20:28,061 --> 00:20:31,189 GIVING YOU MY CURRENT, UH, PULSE OXIMETER READING. 334 00:20:31,481 --> 00:20:34,192 UH, DO YOU COPY, AND HOW ARE YOU DOWN THERE? 335 00:20:34,484 --> 00:20:36,986 Woman: Yeah, we copy 336 00:20:37,278 --> 00:20:41,491 and we're ready to record your pulse oximeter readings... over. 337 00:20:41,783 --> 00:20:42,951 HI, JENNY. 338 00:20:43,243 --> 00:20:45,078 WE REALLY MISS YOU UP HERE. 339 00:20:45,370 --> 00:20:49,791 AND I'M GOING TO STICK THIS THING ON MY FINGER, SO STAND BY. 340 00:20:51,584 --> 00:20:52,961 MY HEART IS RACING 341 00:20:53,253 --> 00:20:56,047 BECAUSE I HAVE TO TAKE THIS DAMN TEST UP HERE 342 00:20:56,339 --> 00:20:57,716 AND I'M NERVOUS AS HELL. 343 00:20:58,008 --> 00:20:59,300 OOPS, IT JUST WENT UP. 344 00:20:59,592 --> 00:21:05,140 UM, SO... UH, JENNY, I HAVE IT ON MY FINGER. 345 00:21:05,432 --> 00:21:08,810 THE OXIMETER READING IS 80. 346 00:21:09,102 --> 00:21:14,399 A MORE REALISTIC READING FOR MY PULSE WAS A FEW MINUTES AGO. 347 00:21:14,691 --> 00:21:16,151 IT WAS 78. 348 00:21:16,443 --> 00:21:19,487 BUT NOW THAT I HAVE TO TAKE THIS TEST 349 00:21:19,779 --> 00:21:23,533 AND I GET ALL THIS TEST ANXIETY, MY PULSE IS RACING AT 104. 350 00:21:23,825 --> 00:21:28,913 Carter: GREEN... UH, RED, UH, BLUE, UH, RED... 351 00:21:29,205 --> 00:21:32,542 UH, GREEN, RED, BLUE... 352 00:21:32,834 --> 00:21:34,753 Foster: ALONG WITH ED VIESTURS 353 00:21:35,045 --> 00:21:38,715 DAVID CARTER HAS ALSO REACHED CAMP I. 354 00:21:39,007 --> 00:21:40,759 CARTER, THIS IS TRUE AND FALSE. 355 00:21:41,051 --> 00:21:44,846 READ THE NUMBER OF EACH QUESTION AND SAY IF IT'S TRUE OR FALSE. 356 00:21:45,138 --> 00:21:46,431 YOU HAVE 60 SECONDS. 357 00:21:46,723 --> 00:21:49,434 Donner: You can go. 358 00:21:49,726 --> 00:21:54,689 51 IS FALSE. 359 00:21:54,981 --> 00:21:58,276 52 IS FALSE. 360 00:21:58,568 --> 00:22:00,779 53 IS FALSE. 361 00:22:01,071 --> 00:22:03,448 54... FALSE. 362 00:22:03,740 --> 00:22:06,409 55... FALSE. 363 00:22:06,701 --> 00:22:10,246 56... TRUE. 364 00:22:10,538 --> 00:22:12,999 57... FALSE. 365 00:22:13,291 --> 00:22:15,710 58... FALSE... TRUE. 366 00:22:16,002 --> 00:22:17,337 58 IS TRUE. 367 00:22:17,629 --> 00:22:24,511 59... UH, TRUE. 368 00:22:32,435 --> 00:22:36,314 Man: OH, HI, ED. 369 00:22:37,899 --> 00:22:40,026 HI. 370 00:22:40,318 --> 00:22:41,945 HAVE A GOOD SLEEP? 371 00:22:42,237 --> 00:22:46,116 YEAH. 372 00:22:46,991 --> 00:22:48,660 GUESS WHERE WE'RE GOING? 373 00:22:48,952 --> 00:22:50,120 BASE CAMP. 374 00:22:50,412 --> 00:22:51,579 BASE CAMP. 375 00:22:51,871 --> 00:22:52,831 YEAH. 376 00:22:53,123 --> 00:22:56,751 YEE-HAW! 377 00:22:59,379 --> 00:23:05,635 OXYGEN... WARMTH... COTTON CLOTHING... 378 00:23:05,927 --> 00:23:06,886 WOW! 379 00:23:07,178 --> 00:23:08,138 SHOWER. 380 00:23:08,430 --> 00:23:10,432 OOH! 381 00:23:10,724 --> 00:23:16,229 HELL, IT'S JUST DOWN THERE. 382 00:23:17,772 --> 00:23:22,485 Foster: AT THE TOP OF THE ICEFALL, THERE IS A BOTTLENECK OF CLIMBERS. 383 00:23:22,777 --> 00:23:27,574 ED VIESTURS PUTS ON HIS PACK AT THE BACK OF THE LINE. 384 00:23:27,866 --> 00:23:30,702 IT'S AMAZING, YOU KNOW, YOU'RE ON MT. EVEREST 385 00:23:30,994 --> 00:23:33,705 AND YOU'RE WAITING IN LINE LIKE THIS. 386 00:23:33,997 --> 00:23:37,751 Foster: IT'S ONLY ONE AT A TIME ON THE ROPES. 387 00:23:38,043 --> 00:23:42,297 ED, DAVID AND CARTER ALL DESCEND BACK DOWN TO BASE CAMP 388 00:23:42,589 --> 00:23:45,050 FROM CAMP I. 389 00:23:45,342 --> 00:23:49,387 THIS WILL BE THE FIRST OF MANY TRIPS THROUGH THE ICEFALL 390 00:23:49,679 --> 00:23:52,682 IN THEIR LONG SCHEDULE OF ACCLIMATIZATION. 391 00:23:52,974 --> 00:23:55,560 IT TAKES TIME FOR THE BODY TO ADAPT 392 00:23:55,852 --> 00:23:58,229 TO HIGHER AND HIGHER ALTITUDES. 393 00:23:58,521 --> 00:24:03,860 CLIMBERS WILL TYPICALLY ASCEND TO CAMP I TWICE FROM BASE CAMP. 394 00:24:04,152 --> 00:24:08,782 THEY MOVE UP TO CAMP II AND SLEEP THERE SEVERAL NIGHTS 395 00:24:09,074 --> 00:24:11,201 BEFORE MOVING TO CAMP III. 396 00:24:11,493 --> 00:24:13,828 BEFORE THEIR FINAL PUSH TO THE SUMMIT 397 00:24:14,120 --> 00:24:18,124 CLIMBERS DESCEND TO BASE CAMP TO REST AND GAIN THEIR STRENGTH 398 00:24:18,416 --> 00:24:23,505 BEFORE TRYING FOR THE SUMMIT. 399 00:24:23,880 --> 00:24:26,216 WHILE CLIMBING DOWN THROUGH THE ICEFALL 400 00:24:26,508 --> 00:24:28,176 THE CLIMBERS CROSS PATHS 401 00:24:28,468 --> 00:24:35,517 WITH A LINE OF SHERPAS BEARING LOADS FOR THE HIGHER CAMPS. 402 00:24:35,558 --> 00:24:37,143 "SHERPA" IS THE NAME 403 00:24:37,435 --> 00:24:41,022 FOR THE INDIGENOUS PEOPLE WHO LIVE IN THE EVEREST REGION. 404 00:24:41,314 --> 00:24:44,401 ALTHOUGH THEY ADAPT WELL TO ALTITUDE 405 00:24:44,693 --> 00:24:48,154 THEY ARE NOT IMMUNE TO ITS DEBILITATING EFFECTS. 406 00:24:48,446 --> 00:24:51,950 IF THEY PUSH THEMSELVES TO GO UP TOO QUICKLY 407 00:24:52,242 --> 00:24:56,663 THEY, TOO, CAN SUFFER FROM ACUTE MOUNTAIN SICKNESS. 408 00:24:56,955 --> 00:24:58,873 AT BASE CAMP, THE CLIMBERS HEAR 409 00:24:59,165 --> 00:25:02,836 THE DISTURBING NEWS OF A SHERPA WHO WAS FOUND NEAR DEATH 410 00:25:03,128 --> 00:25:05,797 LYING IN THE MIDDLE OF THE TRAIL. 411 00:25:06,089 --> 00:25:07,340 WHEN I SAW HIM 412 00:25:07,632 --> 00:25:11,219 HIS EYES... HIS PUPILS WERE FIXED AND DILATED. 413 00:25:11,511 --> 00:25:13,888 HE'S... BARELY HAD A PULSE 414 00:25:14,180 --> 00:25:17,684 AND HE DIED SEVERAL MINUTES AFTER I GOT THERE. 415 00:25:17,976 --> 00:25:21,271 I THINK HE HAD HIGH-ALTITUDE PULMONARY EDEMA. 416 00:25:21,563 --> 00:25:22,939 WITH PULMONARY EDEMA 417 00:25:23,231 --> 00:25:26,359 THE BLOOD VESSELS IN THE LUNGS START TO LEAK. 418 00:25:26,651 --> 00:25:31,197 THEY LEAK THIS PLASMA FLUID THAT IS TINGED WITH RED BLOOD CELLS 419 00:25:31,489 --> 00:25:32,907 SO IT'S A LITTLE PINKISH. 420 00:25:33,199 --> 00:25:35,702 AND THE AIR SACS START TO FILL UP WITH... 421 00:25:35,994 --> 00:25:37,912 IN DIFFERENT PARTS OF THE LUNG... 422 00:25:38,204 --> 00:25:40,623 USUALLY THE RIGHT FIRST, THEN THE LEFT... 423 00:25:40,915 --> 00:25:43,585 AND EVENTUALLY, THEY ALL FILL UP WITH FLUID. 424 00:25:43,877 --> 00:25:47,130 THE PERSON STARTS COUGHING THIS PINK, FROTHY SPUTUM. 425 00:25:47,422 --> 00:25:48,965 CAN'T GET ANY AIR AT ALL. 426 00:25:49,257 --> 00:25:51,176 THEIR BLOOD OXYGEN LEVEL DROPS 427 00:25:51,468 --> 00:25:54,721 AND THEY GO INTO CARDIOVASCULAR COLLAPSE AND DIE. 428 00:25:55,013 --> 00:25:58,433 WITH EACH BREATH, HE WAS BLOWING BUBBLES 429 00:25:58,725 --> 00:26:03,480 THROUGH THE FLUID IN HIS NOSTRILS AND MOUTH. 430 00:26:03,772 --> 00:26:05,315 HE WAS DROWNING IN... 431 00:26:05,607 --> 00:26:08,568 HE WAS DROWNING IN HIS OWN SECRETIONS 432 00:26:08,860 --> 00:26:13,615 FROM HIGH-ALTITUDE PULMONARY EDEMA. 433 00:26:13,656 --> 00:26:15,742 Foster: THE TREATMENT IS DESCENT. 434 00:26:16,034 --> 00:26:17,535 IF THE PATIENT CAN'T WALK 435 00:26:17,827 --> 00:26:20,330 THEN OXYGEN OR A GAMOW BAG MUST BE USED. 436 00:26:20,622 --> 00:26:22,791 LAKPA, HI. 437 00:26:23,083 --> 00:26:25,335 CAN I CHECK YOUR SATURATION AGAIN? 438 00:26:25,627 --> 00:26:29,089 Foster: A MALAYSIAN EXPEDITION DOCTOR MEASURES 439 00:26:29,381 --> 00:26:33,802 A SICK SHERPA'S BLOOD-OXYGEN SATURATION. 440 00:26:34,094 --> 00:26:37,639 WELL, ON OXYGEN HE'S NOW GOT A SATURATION OF ABOUT 91% 441 00:26:37,931 --> 00:26:39,516 WHICH IS CONSIDERABLY DIFFERENT 442 00:26:39,808 --> 00:26:41,267 THAN WHAT IT WAS YESTERDAY. 443 00:26:41,559 --> 00:26:43,436 Donner: THIS MORNING AT BREAKFAST 444 00:26:43,728 --> 00:26:45,689 WE NOTICED A TEAM CARRYING 445 00:26:45,980 --> 00:26:49,693 THIS SICK SHERPA... THIS IS LAKPA... BY OUR CAMP 446 00:26:49,984 --> 00:26:53,029 AND WE'RE NOW AT THE HELICOPTER LANDING ZONE 447 00:26:53,321 --> 00:26:56,241 WITH DR. SAYACK KOO. 448 00:26:56,533 --> 00:27:00,328 SAYACK, WHAT WENT ON WITH LAKPA? 449 00:27:00,620 --> 00:27:04,791 WELL, HE WAS VERY ILL INDEED WHEN WE WHEN WE CAME ACROSS HIM. 450 00:27:05,083 --> 00:27:06,668 HE WAS A BIT CONFUSED. 451 00:27:06,960 --> 00:27:08,420 HE WAS QUITE ASHEN GRAY. 452 00:27:08,712 --> 00:27:10,755 HE WAS QUITE BREATHLESS AS WELL. 453 00:27:11,047 --> 00:27:13,341 AND WE CHECKED HIS SATURATIONS 454 00:27:13,633 --> 00:27:16,386 AND TO MY ALARM, IT WAS 20%. 455 00:27:16,678 --> 00:27:18,680 WE SLAPPED SOME OXYGEN ON HIM 456 00:27:18,972 --> 00:27:21,224 AND IT CAME UP TO ABOUT 70%, 80% 457 00:27:21,516 --> 00:27:24,060 WITH THREE OR FOUR LITERS A MINUTE. 458 00:27:24,352 --> 00:27:27,439 Koo: AND BECAUSE HE WAS ABLE TO TOLERATE LYING FLAT 459 00:27:27,731 --> 00:27:29,983 WE DECIDED TO PUT HIM IN THE GAMOW BAG 460 00:27:30,275 --> 00:27:31,818 WHICH WE DID FOR TWO HOURS. 461 00:27:32,110 --> 00:27:34,904 AND HOW DID HE RESPOND TO THE GAMOW? 462 00:27:35,196 --> 00:27:37,115 UH, HE DID VERY WELL. 463 00:27:37,407 --> 00:27:40,076 HE WAS COMFORTABLE IN IT. 464 00:27:40,368 --> 00:27:43,747 BUT SINCE HE HAD SYMPTOMS ON BOTH SIDES OF HIS LUNG 465 00:27:44,039 --> 00:27:45,206 AND HE WAS SO UNWELL 466 00:27:45,498 --> 00:27:47,667 AND SO DESPERATELY SHORT OF OXYGEN 467 00:27:47,959 --> 00:27:50,378 WE TREATED HIM FOR PULMONARY EDEMA. 468 00:27:50,670 --> 00:27:54,132 Foster: WHEN A HELICOPTER ARRIVES AT BASE CAMP 469 00:27:54,424 --> 00:28:00,263 IT MEANS A PERSON IS IN NEED OF IMMEDIATE EVACUATION. 470 00:28:00,555 --> 00:28:06,353 AND FOR LAKPA, A QUICK DESCENT TO KATHMANDU WILL SAVE HIS LIFE. 471 00:28:06,644 --> 00:28:08,897 PILOTS DON'T HESITATE LONG HERE 472 00:28:09,189 --> 00:28:12,317 AND THEY BREATHE SUPPLEMENTAL OXYGEN. 473 00:28:12,609 --> 00:28:16,654 IF SUDDENLY EXPOSED TO THE ALTITUDE OF BASE CAMP 474 00:28:16,946 --> 00:28:19,491 THE PILOT COULD BECOME DESPERATELY ILL 475 00:28:19,783 --> 00:28:23,828 FROM ACUTE MOUNTAIN SICKNESS. 476 00:28:27,123 --> 00:28:28,750 IN THE EARLY MORNING FREEZE 477 00:28:29,042 --> 00:28:31,628 THE CLIMBERS SILENTLY PUT ON THEIR CRAMPONS 478 00:28:31,920 --> 00:28:39,094 TO CLIMB UP THROUGH THE ICEFALL FOR THE LAST TIME. 479 00:28:49,145 --> 00:28:52,565 THE TEAM HAS BEEN ON EVEREST FOR SEVERAL WEEKS 480 00:28:52,857 --> 00:28:55,652 ACCLIMATIZING AT THE HIGHER CAMPS. 481 00:28:55,944 --> 00:29:01,533 TIME IS RUNNING OUT FOR AN ATTEMPT ON THE SUMMIT. 482 00:29:04,077 --> 00:29:07,122 CARTER HAS DEVELOPED A HIGH-ALTITUDE COUGH 483 00:29:07,414 --> 00:29:09,332 WHICH HE KNOWS COULD JEOPARDIZE 484 00:29:09,624 --> 00:29:11,876 HIS CHANCES OF COMPLETING THE CLIMB. 485 00:29:12,168 --> 00:29:14,921 Carter: IT'S A REAL VIOLENT COUGH. 486 00:29:15,213 --> 00:29:20,885 IT COMES FROM DEEP WITHIN AND YOU CAN'T CONTROL IT. 487 00:29:21,177 --> 00:29:22,721 MY MAIN CONCERN RIGHT NOW 488 00:29:23,013 --> 00:29:26,099 IS WHEN I GET HIGHER, THE COUGH WILL GET WORSE 489 00:29:26,391 --> 00:29:34,899 AND I'M WORRIED ABOUT BREAKING A RIB OR VOMITING OR SOMETHING. 490 00:29:36,067 --> 00:29:39,904 Foster: A CHILLING REMINDER OF HOW DANGEROUS EVEREST CAN BE... 491 00:29:40,196 --> 00:29:44,534 HUMAN REMAINS RESURFACE FROM THE DEPTHS OF THE MOVING ICEFALL. 492 00:29:44,826 --> 00:29:48,288 Donner: I CAME UPON THIS THE OTHER DAY IN THE GLACIER. 493 00:29:48,580 --> 00:29:50,707 IT'S THE OBVIOUS REMAINS OF A CLIMBER 494 00:29:50,999 --> 00:29:52,625 SPREAD OUT AROUND THIS AREA. 495 00:29:52,917 --> 00:29:57,464 THIS IS AN INNER BOOT MADE OUT OF A SYNTHETIC MATERIAL 496 00:29:57,756 --> 00:30:00,967 MAKING IT PROBABLY '80s VINTAGE, AND THERE ARE STILL 497 00:30:01,259 --> 00:30:06,473 PORTIONS OF THE BONY STRUCTURE OF THE FOOT INSIDE. 498 00:30:06,556 --> 00:30:08,099 RIGHT HERE 499 00:30:08,391 --> 00:30:13,938 MAYBE THE MOST OBVIOUSLY HUMAN PORTION OF THE SKELETON 500 00:30:14,230 --> 00:30:17,567 IS THE HEAD OF THE FEMUR, AND OVER HERE 501 00:30:17,859 --> 00:30:21,196 A TIBIA AND A FIBULA STILL INTACT, STILL TOGETHER. 502 00:30:21,488 --> 00:30:24,657 AND THIS KIND OF STUFF IS SPILLING OUT ALL THE TIME 503 00:30:24,949 --> 00:30:26,618 AND A REMINDER 504 00:30:26,910 --> 00:30:32,707 OF SOME OF THE DRAMA THAT GOES ON UP IN THE ICEFALL. 505 00:30:33,541 --> 00:30:38,380 Foster: THE CLIMBERS BYPASS CAMP I AND ENTER THE WESTERN CWM 506 00:30:38,672 --> 00:30:41,341 ON THEIR WAY TO CAMP II. 507 00:30:41,633 --> 00:30:44,678 THIS HIGH GLACIAL VALLEY IS TRANSECTED 508 00:30:44,969 --> 00:30:49,516 BY MASSIVE LATERAL CREVASSES. 509 00:31:39,524 --> 00:31:41,609 Breashears: HOW ARE YOU FEELING, ED? 510 00:31:41,901 --> 00:31:42,986 OH, PRETTY GOOD. 511 00:31:43,278 --> 00:31:44,779 IT WAS A LONG DAY. 512 00:31:45,071 --> 00:31:46,656 IT'S ABOUT, UH, 12:30. 513 00:31:46,948 --> 00:31:50,702 I STARTED AT 5:00 A.M., SO IT'S BEEN A LONG DAY. 514 00:31:50,994 --> 00:31:52,620 WHERE'D YOU START FROM? 515 00:31:52,912 --> 00:31:54,622 BASE CAMP. 516 00:31:54,914 --> 00:31:57,834 DON'T YOU HAVE SOMETHING REALLY FUN TO DO TODAY? 517 00:31:58,126 --> 00:32:00,211 NO, NOTHING FUN... JUST RELAXING. 518 00:32:00,503 --> 00:32:03,715 I THOUGHT YOU WERE GOING TO DO SOME TESTING UP HERE. 519 00:32:04,007 --> 00:32:05,467 OH, THAT'S RIGHT. 520 00:32:05,759 --> 00:32:07,552 WHAT KIND? 521 00:32:07,844 --> 00:32:11,139 OH, MENTAL TESTING, READING SOME LISTS AND MEMORIZING 522 00:32:11,431 --> 00:32:12,515 AND STUFF LIKE THAT. 523 00:32:12,807 --> 00:32:14,976 HOW DO YOU THINK YOU'RE GOING TO DO? 524 00:32:15,268 --> 00:32:17,812 I HAVE NO IDEA... WE'LL SOON FIND OUT. 525 00:32:18,104 --> 00:32:20,357 Jenny: Okay, Carter: 526 00:32:20,648 --> 00:32:24,069 The action of the brave cyclist kept a small boy 527 00:32:24,361 --> 00:32:26,654 from being hit by a ten-ton truck. 528 00:32:26,946 --> 00:32:30,909 THE ACTION OF THE BRAVE CYCLIST KEPT A SMALL BOY 529 00:32:31,201 --> 00:32:33,912 FROM BEING HIT BY A TEN-TON TRUCK. 530 00:32:34,204 --> 00:32:38,333 Woman: If Daphne walks twice as fast as Margaret 531 00:32:38,625 --> 00:32:41,294 and they are the only two people in a race 532 00:32:41,586 --> 00:32:43,713 who is most likely to finish last? 533 00:32:44,005 --> 00:32:45,757 MARGARET. 534 00:32:46,049 --> 00:32:49,928 Jenny: Okay, now, you know for this test, David 535 00:32:50,220 --> 00:32:52,806 you're going to try and count the low tones 536 00:32:53,098 --> 00:32:54,641 and ignore the high tones. 537 00:32:54,933 --> 00:32:56,518 Man: Ready? 538 00:33:04,901 --> 00:33:06,778 Man: How many? 539 00:33:07,070 --> 00:33:08,655 UH, FOUR. 540 00:33:08,947 --> 00:33:10,865 TODAY I'M SUFFERING BADLY. 541 00:33:11,157 --> 00:33:14,035 WE'RE UP AT 6,500 METERS 542 00:33:14,327 --> 00:33:20,125 AND OFTEN ONE FEELS FAIRLY POORLY HERE ANYWAY. 543 00:33:20,417 --> 00:33:26,631 I THINK I'M SUFFERING FROM A.M.S. ...ACUTE MOUNTAIN SICKNESS 544 00:33:26,923 --> 00:33:31,302 UM... WHICH, WITH VOMITING AND DIARRHEA 545 00:33:31,594 --> 00:33:36,141 MEANS THAT I COULDN'T DRINK OR... OR EAT ANYTHING 546 00:33:36,433 --> 00:33:39,310 SO I'M FEELING A BIT WEAK. 547 00:33:39,602 --> 00:33:43,690 THERE'S THE PART OF HIGH-ALTITUDE MOUNTAINEERING 548 00:33:43,982 --> 00:33:47,152 THAT ISN'T NICE... BEING... BEING SICK. 549 00:33:47,444 --> 00:33:52,157 IT'S HARD ENOUGH AS IT IS, BUT WHEN YOU'RE SICK AS WELL 550 00:33:52,449 --> 00:33:59,164 ALL YOUR RESERVES ARE GONE AND IT'S VERY HARD TO CATCH UP. 551 00:33:59,998 --> 00:34:07,297 Foster: IF GUY COTTER'S SYMPTOMS GET WORSE, HE'LL HAVE TO DESCEND. 552 00:34:07,380 --> 00:34:09,132 THERE IS A DELICATE BALANCE 553 00:34:09,424 --> 00:34:13,636 BETWEEN ACCLIMATIZATION AND PHYSICAL DECLINE. 554 00:34:13,928 --> 00:34:18,767 CLIMBERS KNOW THAT THEY CAN ONLY STAY AT ALTITUDE FOR SO LONG. 555 00:34:19,059 --> 00:34:20,310 YEAH, I'M NERVOUS. 556 00:34:20,602 --> 00:34:22,937 I DON'T KNOW HOW I'M GOING TO PERFORM. 557 00:34:23,229 --> 00:34:26,191 I'M ALSO NERVOUS THAT WE'RE SITTING DOWN HERE 558 00:34:26,483 --> 00:34:29,402 AND MY BODY IS SLOWLY DETERIORATING 559 00:34:29,694 --> 00:34:32,739 THE LONGER WE STAY AT THIS ALTITUDE. 560 00:34:33,031 --> 00:34:38,244 AND I SLOWLY GET WEAKER AND WEAKER. 561 00:34:38,620 --> 00:34:43,500 Hackett: HUMANS WILL START TO DETERIORATE BECAUSE OF THE HIGH ALTITUDE 562 00:34:43,792 --> 00:34:45,001 AT AROUND 17,000 FEET. 563 00:34:45,293 --> 00:34:46,795 SLEEPING BECOMES A PROBLEM 564 00:34:47,087 --> 00:34:50,382 MUSCLE WASTING TAKES PLACE, WEIGHT LOSS TAKES PLACE. 565 00:34:50,674 --> 00:34:54,427 THIS PROCESS OF DETERIORATION TAKES PLACE MUCH MORE QUICKLY 566 00:34:54,719 --> 00:34:57,972 THE HIGHER ALTITUDE THAT ONE GOES TO. 567 00:34:58,264 --> 00:35:02,268 SO AT OVER 26,000 FEET, IT'S CALLED THE "DEATH ZONE" 568 00:35:02,560 --> 00:35:06,940 BECAUSE ACCLIMATIZATION IS ESSENTIALLY IMPOSSIBLE. 569 00:35:16,074 --> 00:35:18,827 GOING TO CAMP, UH, III TOMORROW. 570 00:35:19,119 --> 00:35:22,747 WE'RE GOING TO GET UP EARLY... AROUND, UH... 571 00:35:23,039 --> 00:35:27,210 WE'RE GOING TO GET OUT OF HERE PROBABLY ABOUT 6:00. 572 00:35:27,502 --> 00:35:29,129 I'M ON AN ANTIBIOTIC NOW. 573 00:35:29,421 --> 00:35:33,967 I ENDED UP GETTING A PRETTY GOOD HEAD COLD ABOUT THREE DAYS AGO. 574 00:35:34,259 --> 00:35:37,303 AND YESTERDAY, I WAS REALLY FEELING PRETTY BAD 575 00:35:37,595 --> 00:35:40,807 WHEN I CAME INTO CAMP II. 576 00:35:41,099 --> 00:35:47,272 I WAS DEHYDRATED AND BASICALLY JUST WEAK FROM THE COLD 577 00:35:47,564 --> 00:35:50,066 BUT THE ANTIBIOTIC HAS BEEN KICKING IN 578 00:35:50,358 --> 00:35:53,403 AND I'M FEELING PRETTY GOOD TODAY 579 00:35:53,695 --> 00:35:58,992 AND LOOKING FORWARD TO GOING TOMORROW. 580 00:35:59,492 --> 00:36:04,539 Foster: IN THE MORNING, THEY MARCH TO THE TOP OF THE WESTERN CWM 581 00:36:04,831 --> 00:36:12,213 WHERE THEY BEGIN THE ARDUOUS ASCENT OF THE LHOTSE FACE. 582 00:36:14,924 --> 00:36:18,470 OKAY, DAVID, YOU CAN START ANY TIME. 583 00:36:18,762 --> 00:36:20,805 CARTER TO, UH, BASE. 584 00:36:21,097 --> 00:36:22,182 DO YOU COPY? 585 00:36:22,474 --> 00:36:25,226 Donner: Dave, this is base. 586 00:36:25,518 --> 00:36:28,188 Where are you guys? Over. 587 00:36:28,480 --> 00:36:29,814 HEY, DOC, IT'S DAVE. 588 00:36:30,106 --> 00:36:31,608 WE'RE AT, UH, BASICALLY 589 00:36:31,900 --> 00:36:33,985 THE BOTTOM OF THE LHOTSE FACE. 590 00:36:34,277 --> 00:36:42,160 UH, WHERE ELEVATION IS AT, UH, 22,300 591 00:36:42,452 --> 00:36:45,789 AND IT'S ABOUT 8:00 IN THE MORNING. 592 00:36:46,081 --> 00:36:47,624 Donner: We got that, David. 593 00:36:47,916 --> 00:36:50,043 HOW ARE YOU FEELING OVERALL? 594 00:36:50,335 --> 00:36:51,461 OVER. 595 00:36:51,753 --> 00:36:53,004 Carter: Oh, not too bad. 596 00:36:53,296 --> 00:36:54,381 I COULD BE FEELING 597 00:36:54,673 --> 00:36:56,800 A LITTLE BIT BETTER RIGHT NOW. 598 00:36:57,092 --> 00:37:00,679 WE'RE GOING TO NEED THE OXIMETRY DATA, IF YOU HAVE IT, OVER. 599 00:37:00,970 --> 00:37:05,308 UH, PULSE WAS AROUND 140 WHEN I ROLLED IN 600 00:37:05,600 --> 00:37:09,020 AND, UH, BLOOD OXYGEN SATURATION... 601 00:37:09,312 --> 00:37:12,607 ...was at 60, over. 602 00:37:12,899 --> 00:37:15,485 Foster: 60% IS LOW, BUT HOWARD IS HOPEFUL 603 00:37:15,777 --> 00:37:20,907 THAT CARTER'S SATURATIONS WILL IMPROVE OVER TIME. 604 00:37:21,908 --> 00:37:26,746 DAVID BREASHEARS INTERVIEWS CARTER AN HOUR BELOW CAMP III. 605 00:37:27,038 --> 00:37:29,124 Breashears: HOW'S IT FEEL? 606 00:37:29,416 --> 00:37:30,667 OH, IT'S TIRING. 607 00:37:30,959 --> 00:37:33,586 FEEL I'VE FELT BETTER. 608 00:37:36,297 --> 00:37:37,465 WHEW. 609 00:37:37,757 --> 00:37:40,093 WHAT'S IT LIKE CLIMBING AT ALTITUDE? 610 00:37:40,385 --> 00:37:42,637 AH... YEAH, YOU JUST... 611 00:37:42,929 --> 00:37:44,389 IT'S, IT'S SLOW. 612 00:37:44,681 --> 00:37:46,224 YOU'RE WINDED... 613 00:37:46,516 --> 00:37:49,519 UH, DEHYDRATED... 614 00:37:49,811 --> 00:37:51,938 LOSING YOUR VOICE... 615 00:37:52,230 --> 00:37:54,524 UH, COUGHING. 616 00:37:54,816 --> 00:37:57,902 BUT THE VIEWS MAKE IT WORTH IT. 617 00:37:58,194 --> 00:38:01,781 Foster: CAMP III SITS HALFWAY UP THE LHOTSE FACE 618 00:38:02,073 --> 00:38:04,701 A 45-DEGREE WALL OF GLACIAL BLUE ICE. 619 00:38:04,993 --> 00:38:09,456 Breashears: OKAY, LET'S HUFF AND PUFF IT UP HERE. 620 00:38:09,748 --> 00:38:15,670 Foster: THE PACE IS SLOW AS ED AND CARTER ASCEND INTO THIN AIR. 621 00:38:15,962 --> 00:38:18,131 THE ROUTE IS FIXED WITH ROPES 622 00:38:18,423 --> 00:38:21,468 AND THEY FALL INTO THE RHYTHMIC MOVEMENT 623 00:38:21,760 --> 00:38:26,514 OF KICKING STEPS, PULLING AND STEPPING UP. 624 00:38:26,806 --> 00:38:28,975 FINALLY AT CAMP III. 625 00:38:29,267 --> 00:38:30,393 YEAH. 626 00:38:30,685 --> 00:38:31,686 GOOD JOB. 627 00:38:31,978 --> 00:38:33,313 IT'S GOOD TO BE HERE. 628 00:38:33,605 --> 00:38:37,317 WE GOT TO GET SOME SNOW AND MELT SOME WATER 629 00:38:37,609 --> 00:38:39,736 FOR THOSE GUYS COMING UP. 630 00:38:40,028 --> 00:38:42,072 BE CAREFUL WALKING AROUND HERE. 631 00:38:42,364 --> 00:38:45,992 IT'S KIND OF STEEP... ESPECIALLY WITHOUT CRAMPONS ON. 632 00:38:46,284 --> 00:38:48,578 Foster: MANY CLIMBERS HAVE DIED HERE 633 00:38:48,870 --> 00:38:55,460 SLIPPING OFF THE FACE FROM ONE POORLY PLACED STEP. 634 00:38:57,671 --> 00:39:00,799 DON'T YOU THINK THIS IS A LITTLE ABSURD? 635 00:39:01,091 --> 00:39:03,593 I'M SITTING ON THIS LITTLE LEDGE 636 00:39:03,885 --> 00:39:07,472 OUT HERE IN FRONT OF MY TENT, AT 24,000 FEET. 637 00:39:07,764 --> 00:39:09,099 I'M READY. 638 00:39:09,391 --> 00:39:11,685 Donner: The video camera captured 639 00:39:11,976 --> 00:39:14,896 the bank robber's daring daylight robbery 640 00:39:15,188 --> 00:39:16,940 of the First Avenue Bank. 641 00:39:17,232 --> 00:39:23,571 THE VIDEO CAMERA CAPTURED THE DARING BANK ROBBER'S ROBBERY 642 00:39:23,863 --> 00:39:26,199 OF THE FIRST NATIONAL BANK. 643 00:39:30,662 --> 00:39:33,206 The action of the brave cyclist 644 00:39:33,498 --> 00:39:38,211 kept the small boy from being hit by the ten-ton truck. 645 00:39:38,503 --> 00:39:41,923 THE ACTION OF THE BRAVE CYCLIST 646 00:39:42,215 --> 00:39:45,510 UM... 647 00:39:45,802 --> 00:39:47,846 HELPED SAVE THE BOY... 648 00:39:48,138 --> 00:39:51,599 UH, LET'S SEE... I KNOW I HAVE TO SAY ALL I KNOW, UH... 649 00:39:51,891 --> 00:39:57,105 PREVENT THE BOY BEING HIT BY THE TEN-TON TRUCK. 650 00:39:58,690 --> 00:40:02,068 OH, SHIT. 651 00:40:02,694 --> 00:40:05,071 Breashears: IT'S JUST HARD WORK. 652 00:40:05,363 --> 00:40:08,700 EVERYTHING ABOUT BEING AT ALTITUDE IS HARD. 653 00:40:08,992 --> 00:40:10,535 I CAN'T SHOW YOU 654 00:40:10,827 --> 00:40:14,706 THAT THERE'S NO OXYGEN MOLECULES IN THE AIR HERE. 655 00:40:14,998 --> 00:40:16,499 THERE'S ONLY 35% 656 00:40:16,791 --> 00:40:20,253 OF THE OXYGEN YOU'RE BREATHING DOWN THERE AT SEA LEVEL 657 00:40:20,545 --> 00:40:22,130 AVAILABLE TO ME RIGHT NOW. 658 00:40:22,422 --> 00:40:24,507 WE HAVE TO FINISH THIS EXPEDITION. 659 00:40:24,799 --> 00:40:27,761 THE ICEFALL'S GOING TO CLOSE, OUR PERMIT'S UP. 660 00:40:28,053 --> 00:40:30,055 WE'VE BEEN HERE A LONG TIME. 661 00:40:30,347 --> 00:40:33,016 BUT WE'RE ALSO EXTREMELY CAUTIOUS 662 00:40:33,308 --> 00:40:36,561 AND WE'RE NOT GOING TO PUSH IT ONE BIT. 663 00:40:36,853 --> 00:40:40,065 WE'LL DO OUR RESEARCH AS HIGH AS WE CAN 664 00:40:40,357 --> 00:40:46,488 AND GO HOME, KNOWING WE'VE DONE THE BEST WE CAN. 665 00:40:50,200 --> 00:40:51,618 HOW DID YOU SLEEP? 666 00:40:51,910 --> 00:40:55,330 GOOD. 667 00:40:57,707 --> 00:40:59,584 YEAH, THE OXYGEN REALLY HELPED. 668 00:41:01,211 --> 00:41:04,839 IT WAS GREAT. 669 00:41:09,135 --> 00:41:12,639 OH, YEAH. 670 00:41:17,477 --> 00:41:19,312 Donner: Carter, this is Howard. 671 00:41:19,604 --> 00:41:22,273 Uh, how do you feel your breathing's going 672 00:41:22,565 --> 00:41:26,361 relative to this, uh, upper respiratory infection? Over. 673 00:41:26,653 --> 00:41:28,530 UH, REAL GOOD NOW. 674 00:41:28,822 --> 00:41:30,323 A LOT BETTER. 675 00:41:30,615 --> 00:41:33,243 HOWARD, IT WAS A LOT WORSE WHEN I WAS, UH... 676 00:41:33,535 --> 00:41:35,078 I'D WAKE UP AFTER TWO HOURS 677 00:41:35,370 --> 00:41:38,289 AND I FELT LIKE I HAD A LOT OF SHIT IN MY THROAT 678 00:41:38,581 --> 00:41:39,833 AND I'D COUGH IT UP. 679 00:41:40,125 --> 00:41:42,585 IT'S KIND OF A HARD-CHUNK, SNOT-TYPE SHIT. 680 00:41:42,877 --> 00:41:44,379 IT WAS YELLOW, OVER. 681 00:41:44,671 --> 00:41:48,925 Sounds like maybe you're clearing the stuff out, over. 682 00:41:49,217 --> 00:41:50,927 YEAH, AFTER A FEW HOT DRINKS 683 00:41:51,219 --> 00:41:52,971 AND, UH, LIKE GETTING OFF O's 684 00:41:53,263 --> 00:41:59,310 AND, UH, BREATHING THROUGH MY NOSE, UH, I FEEL A LOT BETTER. 685 00:41:59,394 --> 00:42:00,395 Great, David. 686 00:42:00,687 --> 00:42:02,355 I don't need to tell you this 687 00:42:02,647 --> 00:42:06,109 but just stay hydrated and cough that shit out of there. 688 00:42:06,401 --> 00:42:07,986 I'll give you back to Kate. 689 00:42:08,278 --> 00:42:10,655 ALL RIGHTY. 690 00:42:10,947 --> 00:42:14,325 Kate: Hey, where are you now? 691 00:42:14,617 --> 00:42:16,745 I... I DON'T KNOW. 692 00:42:17,037 --> 00:42:19,080 NO, I'M KIDDING; WE'RE AT CAMP III. 693 00:42:19,372 --> 00:42:21,416 WE'RE GETTING READY TO MOVE OUT. 694 00:42:21,708 --> 00:42:27,756 Foster: CARTER IS ABOUT TO GO HIGHER THAN HE HAS EVER BEEN BEFORE. 695 00:42:28,048 --> 00:42:32,469 LOOKING UP THE ROUTE, SOME 50 CLIMBERS CLAMBER 696 00:42:32,761 --> 00:42:37,557 TOWARDS THE HIGHEST CAMP ON THE MOUNTAIN. 697 00:42:37,724 --> 00:42:42,979 THIS MAKES DAVID BREASHEARS AND ED VIESTURS VERY NERVOUS. 698 00:42:43,271 --> 00:42:45,023 THEY WITNESSED LAST YEAR 699 00:42:45,315 --> 00:42:50,820 THAT CROWDED ROPES ON EVEREST CAN BE DEADLY. 700 00:42:52,030 --> 00:42:55,533 THIS YEAR, IT SEEMS NOTHING HAS CHANGED. 701 00:42:55,825 --> 00:42:58,870 AS CLIMBERS WAIT THEIR TURN ON THE ROPES 702 00:42:59,162 --> 00:43:05,001 THEY INCREASE THEIR CHANCES OF BECOMING HYPOXIC. 703 00:43:05,919 --> 00:43:12,592 TONIGHT THEY WILL ALL LEAVE CAMP AND CLIMB TOWARD THE SUMMIT. 704 00:43:13,843 --> 00:43:17,681 DAVID AND ED CLIMB INTO THE DEATH ZONE 705 00:43:17,972 --> 00:43:24,521 AN ALTITUDE WHERE HUMANS ARE ONLY TRANSIENT VISITORS. 706 00:43:24,813 --> 00:43:28,525 THE TENTS OF CAMP IV FINALLY COME INTO VIEW. 707 00:43:28,817 --> 00:43:31,361 IT HAS TAKEN NEARLY TWO MONTHS 708 00:43:31,653 --> 00:43:34,656 FOR THE CLIMBERS TO REACH THIS POINT 709 00:43:34,948 --> 00:43:38,702 AND WHAT WILL TRANSPIRE OVER THE NEXT 24 HOURS 710 00:43:38,993 --> 00:43:42,956 WILL CHANGE THEIR LIVES. 711 00:43:46,209 --> 00:43:50,422 OXYGEN BOTTLES FROM EXPEDITIONS YEARS AGO 712 00:43:50,714 --> 00:43:54,009 LITTER THIS WIND-SCOURED PLACE. 713 00:43:54,300 --> 00:43:57,762 HIGHEST JUNKYARD IN THE WORLD. 714 00:43:58,054 --> 00:44:02,392 ANYTHING YOU NEED, WE HAVE IT... 715 00:44:02,684 --> 00:44:07,397 TENT POLES... 716 00:44:07,689 --> 00:44:11,985 SPARE OXYGEN... 717 00:44:12,277 --> 00:44:14,195 TENT STAKES... 718 00:44:14,487 --> 00:44:20,285 AND THE ODD CORPSE! 719 00:44:20,577 --> 00:44:24,330 Foster: WHEN YOU DIE AT 26,000 FEET 720 00:44:24,622 --> 00:44:28,752 NO ONE HAS THE ENERGY TO CARRY YOUR CORPSE OFF THE MOUNTAIN. 721 00:44:29,044 --> 00:44:32,047 THE CLIMBERS ARE SLOWLY DETERIORATING 722 00:44:32,339 --> 00:44:37,010 THEIR BODIES LITERALLY CONSUMING THEMSELVES FOR ENERGY. 723 00:44:37,302 --> 00:44:38,887 YOU NEED THE RED STRING. 724 00:44:39,179 --> 00:44:43,683 Foster: SIMPLE TASKS TAKE LONGER TO PERFORM 725 00:44:43,975 --> 00:44:47,979 AND PRECIOUS ENERGY IS BURNED JUST GASPING FOR AIR. 726 00:44:48,271 --> 00:44:53,026 WHILE MOST CLIMBERS ARE RESTING, DAVID, ED AND CARTER ENDURE 727 00:44:53,318 --> 00:44:56,071 ANOTHER ROUND OF PSYCHOMETRIC TESTS. 728 00:44:56,363 --> 00:44:59,407 OLD HOUSES ARE MORE DIFFICULT TO MAINTAIN 729 00:44:59,699 --> 00:45:02,327 BUT WORTH THE EXTRA TIME AND EFFORT. 730 00:45:02,619 --> 00:45:07,165 OLD HOUSES ARE MORE DIFFICULT TO MAINTAIN 731 00:45:07,457 --> 00:45:10,960 BUT ARE WORTH THE EXTRA EFFORT. 732 00:45:11,252 --> 00:45:14,839 I've lived by the river for 20 years 733 00:45:15,131 --> 00:45:18,551 AND ONLY TWICE BEFORE IN ALL THOSE YEARS 734 00:45:18,843 --> 00:45:20,679 HAS IT BEEN THIS HIGH. 735 00:45:20,970 --> 00:45:27,811 ED LIVED BY A RIVER FOR 20 YEARS 736 00:45:28,103 --> 00:45:30,730 AND, UH... 737 00:45:31,022 --> 00:45:32,273 THIS WAS THE, UH... 738 00:45:32,565 --> 00:45:35,235 THE FIRST TIME IT HAD BEEN THIS HIGH. 739 00:45:35,527 --> 00:45:38,780 OVER. 740 00:45:38,905 --> 00:45:40,573 OH, BOY. 741 00:45:40,865 --> 00:45:44,244 The wildflowers bloomed in profusion 742 00:45:44,536 --> 00:45:47,414 in the high meadows in August. 743 00:45:47,706 --> 00:45:50,625 THE WILDFLOWERS BROOMED IN PROFUSION 744 00:45:50,917 --> 00:45:53,378 IN THE HIGH MEADOWS IN AUGUST. 745 00:45:57,674 --> 00:46:00,135 Okay, Carter, sounds good. 746 00:46:00,427 --> 00:46:02,178 We'll be with you in a minute. 747 00:46:02,470 --> 00:46:07,517 DOESN'T SOUND GOOD, DOC. 748 00:46:11,187 --> 00:46:15,817 Foster: DAVID RADIOS ED, WHO IS IN A NEARBY TENT. 749 00:46:16,109 --> 00:46:18,737 THE SCENE FEELS ALL TOO FAMILIAR. 750 00:46:19,029 --> 00:46:21,239 Breashears: Ed? 751 00:46:21,531 --> 00:46:23,283 Viesturs: I just tuned in. 752 00:46:23,575 --> 00:46:25,452 What's going on? 753 00:46:25,744 --> 00:46:32,959 Breashears: I'm having serious doubts about going up today. 754 00:46:33,251 --> 00:46:36,338 Something about climbing with all these people. 755 00:46:36,629 --> 00:46:38,173 It's got me bothered 756 00:46:38,465 --> 00:46:42,135 in the way that a few days last year had me bothered. 757 00:46:42,427 --> 00:46:44,554 What do you think? 758 00:46:44,846 --> 00:46:46,765 Viesturs: It does concern me 759 00:46:47,057 --> 00:46:50,727 there's a lot of relatively inexperienced people. 760 00:46:51,019 --> 00:46:54,272 Hopefully nobody is going to get in trouble. 761 00:46:54,564 --> 00:46:56,441 If they do 762 00:46:56,733 --> 00:47:01,488 of course the more experienced people always have to help out. 763 00:47:01,780 --> 00:47:05,450 Breashears: I mean, who looks after who up there, you know? 764 00:47:05,742 --> 00:47:07,202 How do you sort that out? 765 00:47:07,494 --> 00:47:08,912 Well, I don't like to be 766 00:47:09,204 --> 00:47:11,706 around people staggering around like that 767 00:47:11,998 --> 00:47:13,625 and I don't know... 768 00:47:13,917 --> 00:47:17,212 I'd like to see this day just kind of sort itself out 769 00:47:17,504 --> 00:47:18,922 without me in it. 770 00:47:19,214 --> 00:47:21,966 Foster: IT'S A BRIEF MOMENT OF DOUBT 771 00:47:22,258 --> 00:47:25,053 BUT IN THE END, DAVID DECIDES TO GO UP 772 00:47:25,345 --> 00:47:28,264 KNOWING HE CAN ALWAYS TURN AROUND. 773 00:47:28,556 --> 00:47:33,228 FIVE HOURS LATER, THE CLIMBERS PREPARE FOR THEIR DEPARTURE. 774 00:47:33,520 --> 00:47:35,480 AT THIS ALTITUDE 775 00:47:35,772 --> 00:47:41,111 LOADING A PACK AND PUTTING ON CRAMPONS WILL TAKE TWO HOURS. 776 00:47:41,403 --> 00:47:44,864 EACH CLIMBER CARRIES TWO BOTTLES OF OXYGEN. 777 00:47:45,156 --> 00:47:49,869 THEY LEAVE AT 10:00 P.M. 778 00:47:50,161 --> 00:47:54,249 Hackett: WHEN ONE CONSIDERS THE CONDITION THAT A CLIMBER IS IN 779 00:47:54,541 --> 00:47:56,376 ON THE SOUTH COL ON SUMMIT DAY 780 00:47:56,668 --> 00:48:00,505 IT'S REALLY AMAZING THAT THEY CAN REACH THE SUMMIT AT ALL. 781 00:48:00,797 --> 00:48:03,008 FIRST OF ALL, THERE HASN'T BEEN SLEEP 782 00:48:03,299 --> 00:48:05,218 FOR USUALLY A COUPLE OF NIGHTS. 783 00:48:05,510 --> 00:48:08,054 THERE HASN'T BEEN ENOUGH TO EAT OR DRINK. 784 00:48:08,346 --> 00:48:10,015 EVEN IF THEY'VE BEEN ON OXYGEN 785 00:48:10,306 --> 00:48:13,018 IT'S STILL BEEN VERY UNCOMFORTABLE TO BREATHE. 786 00:48:13,309 --> 00:48:15,478 THE MUCOUS MEMBRANES ARE ALL DRIED OUT. 787 00:48:15,770 --> 00:48:18,898 THERE'S ALWAYS A SORE THROAT, THERE'S ALWAYS A COUGH 788 00:48:19,190 --> 00:48:21,609 THERE'S OFTEN A HEADACHE. 789 00:48:21,901 --> 00:48:25,864 AND IT TAKES A TREMENDOUS AMOUNT OF WILL 790 00:48:26,156 --> 00:48:29,784 TO KEEP GOING UNDER THESE CONDITIONS. 791 00:48:30,076 --> 00:48:34,122 Foster: AT 5:30 IN THE MORNING AND 300 FEET BELOW THE SUMMIT 792 00:48:34,414 --> 00:48:36,082 DAVID CALLS DOWN TO HOWARD. 793 00:48:36,374 --> 00:48:41,087 Breashears: WE'VE BEEN CLIMBING LIKE CRAZY. 794 00:48:41,379 --> 00:48:45,759 WE'RE ON THE SOUTH SUMMIT... 28,700 FEET. 795 00:48:46,051 --> 00:48:47,552 Donner: It's unbelievable! 796 00:48:47,844 --> 00:48:50,263 You climbed in the middle of the night 797 00:48:50,555 --> 00:48:53,558 and you're standing up there in the early morning. 798 00:48:53,850 --> 00:48:56,478 Foster: THEY SIT DOWN TO REST. 799 00:48:56,770 --> 00:49:01,232 TEN FEET IN FRONT OF THEM LIES THE BODY OF ROB HALL 800 00:49:01,524 --> 00:49:05,612 ONE OF THE EXPEDITION LEADERS WHO DIED IN 1996. 801 00:49:05,904 --> 00:49:10,200 DAVID POINTS TO WHERE ROB IS BURIED UNDER WIND-DRIVEN SNOW. 802 00:49:10,492 --> 00:49:13,703 Cotter: HOW FAR BURIED DO YOU THINK HE IS? 803 00:49:13,995 --> 00:49:15,288 FIVE FEET? 804 00:49:15,580 --> 00:49:18,083 Breashears: IT COULD BE FIVE OR SIX FEET. 805 00:49:18,375 --> 00:49:19,376 RIGHT. 806 00:49:19,668 --> 00:49:20,752 IT'S A LOT. 807 00:49:21,044 --> 00:49:22,003 YEAH. 808 00:49:22,295 --> 00:49:26,675 REST IN PEACE. 809 00:49:27,384 --> 00:49:32,389 Foster: THEY HAVE ONLY 300 VERTICAL FEET TO GO 810 00:49:32,681 --> 00:49:37,519 BUT TWO HOURS OF CLIMBING. 811 00:49:39,145 --> 00:49:41,815 THEY TRAVERSE A KNIFE-EDGE RIDGE 812 00:49:42,107 --> 00:49:45,902 WHICH DROPS OFF 8,000 FEET ON BOTH SIDES. 813 00:49:46,194 --> 00:49:49,864 DAVID CLIMBS IN FRONT. 814 00:49:50,156 --> 00:49:55,662 THEY REACH THE HILLARY STEP, A 40-FOOT WALL OF EXPOSED ROCK. 815 00:49:55,954 --> 00:50:00,792 THIS IS THE MOST TECHNICAL TERRAIN ON THE SUMMIT DAY. 816 00:50:01,084 --> 00:50:05,880 CLIMBERS MANEUVER UP THE CRACKS AND OVER THE ROCKY OUTCROP 817 00:50:06,172 --> 00:50:11,011 WHILE CLIPPED INTO THE FIXED ROPES. 818 00:50:11,052 --> 00:50:15,306 CARTER HOISTS HIMSELF UP. 819 00:50:15,598 --> 00:50:19,686 ONLY ONE CLIMBER CAN ASCEND AT A TIME. 820 00:50:19,978 --> 00:50:24,607 THIS IS WHERE BOTTLENECKS OCCUR. 821 00:50:29,362 --> 00:50:31,448 THEY SILENTLY PASS BY THE BODY 822 00:50:31,740 --> 00:50:34,492 OF A CLIMBER FROM AN EARLIER EXPEDITION 823 00:50:34,784 --> 00:50:38,747 WHO DIED HERE ON THE ROPES. 824 00:50:44,377 --> 00:50:49,424 Hackett: THE BREATHING BECOMES UNBELIEVABLY DIFFICULT. 825 00:50:49,716 --> 00:50:52,969 YOU FEEL LIKE YOU'RE ONE HUGE LUNG. 826 00:50:53,261 --> 00:50:56,598 THE HEART RATE AT REST BECOMES HIGHER AND HIGHER. 827 00:50:56,890 --> 00:51:00,101 THE MAXIMUM HEART RATE BECOMES LOWER AND LOWER. 828 00:51:00,393 --> 00:51:04,522 AND AS YOU GO HIGHER, THOSE TWO GET CLOSER AND CLOSER TOGETHER. 829 00:51:04,814 --> 00:51:06,483 AND OF COURSE 830 00:51:06,775 --> 00:51:10,528 WHEN YOUR RESTING HEART RATE EQUALS YOUR MAXIMUM HEART RATE 831 00:51:10,820 --> 00:51:12,197 ALL YOU CAN DO IS REST. 832 00:51:12,489 --> 00:51:14,783 YOU CAN'T DO ANY MORE PHYSICAL WORK. 833 00:51:15,075 --> 00:51:18,912 Foster: THEY'VE CLIMBED FOR NINE HOURS. 834 00:51:19,204 --> 00:51:23,541 JANGBU RAISES THE TIBETAN FLAG ON THE SUMMIT. 835 00:51:23,833 --> 00:51:26,544 DAVID IS SITTING ON THE TOP. 836 00:51:26,836 --> 00:51:31,591 ED IS TAKING THE LAST STEPS UP WITH CARTER JUST BEHIND. 837 00:51:31,883 --> 00:51:35,845 Breashears: Base Camp, Base Camp, this is David. 838 00:51:36,137 --> 00:51:37,263 Do you read me? 839 00:51:37,555 --> 00:51:40,558 DAVID, WE READ YOU LOUD AND CLEAR. 840 00:51:40,850 --> 00:51:42,686 WHERE ARE YOU? OVER. 841 00:51:42,977 --> 00:51:44,229 Howard! 842 00:51:44,521 --> 00:51:46,898 I'm on top of the world! 843 00:51:47,190 --> 00:51:48,692 We made it. 844 00:51:48,983 --> 00:51:54,280 I'm on the summit of Mount Everest, 29,028 feet. 845 00:51:54,572 --> 00:51:59,744 I'm here with David Carter, Ed Viesturs. 846 00:52:00,036 --> 00:52:01,496 I can see everywhere. 847 00:52:01,788 --> 00:52:03,456 It's just so beautiful. 848 00:52:03,748 --> 00:52:07,627 We're not going to be able to stay here very long. 849 00:52:07,919 --> 00:52:12,674 Foster: DAVID BREASHEARS HAS REACHED THE SUMMIT OF MOUNT EVEREST 850 00:52:12,966 --> 00:52:14,551 FOR THE FOURTH TIME. 851 00:52:14,843 --> 00:52:18,555 ED VIESTURS HAS NOW BECOME THE FIRST NON-SHERPA 852 00:52:18,847 --> 00:52:21,933 TO CLIMB EVEREST FIVE TIMES AND RETURN. 853 00:52:22,225 --> 00:52:27,605 ROB HALL'S FIFTH SUMMIT LAST YEAR WAS TRAGICALLY HIS LAST. 854 00:52:27,897 --> 00:52:31,568 CARTER HAS LOST HIS VOICE AND WILL BE UNABLE TO TAKE 855 00:52:31,860 --> 00:52:34,779 THE WORLD'S HIGHEST PSYCHOMETRIC TESTS. 856 00:52:35,071 --> 00:52:38,700 Donner: Mike walked around the block three times 857 00:52:38,992 --> 00:52:42,787 before he had the nerve to knock on Carol's door. 858 00:52:43,079 --> 00:52:46,124 MIKE WALKED AROUND THE BLOCK THREE TIMES 859 00:52:46,416 --> 00:52:49,878 BEFORE HE HAD THE NERVE TO WALK ON CAROL'S DOOR. 860 00:52:50,170 --> 00:52:51,629 Excellent, David. 861 00:52:51,921 --> 00:52:56,634 Do you have any oximetry on the summit? 862 00:53:01,598 --> 00:53:05,685 Foster: AT 78, DAVID'S BLOOD OXYGEN SATURATION IS GOOD 863 00:53:05,977 --> 00:53:09,230 FOR A CLIMBER BREATHING SUPPLEMENTAL OXYGEN. 864 00:53:09,522 --> 00:53:11,358 CLIMBERS CONSUME BOTTLED OXYGEN 865 00:53:11,649 --> 00:53:14,944 AT A FLOW OF TWO LITERS PER MINUTE ON THE SUMMIT DAY. 866 00:53:15,236 --> 00:53:17,280 WITH HIS MASK OFF FOR A FEW MINUTES 867 00:53:17,572 --> 00:53:20,617 DAVID'S RESPIRATORY RATE INCREASES SIGNIFICANTLY. 868 00:53:20,909 --> 00:53:26,373 Donner: David, what's it like climbing back in the same area 869 00:53:26,664 --> 00:53:29,250 that you were in last year? Over. 870 00:53:29,542 --> 00:53:36,424 Breashears: All the bodies that were there last year were covered. 871 00:53:36,716 --> 00:53:39,886 But unfortunately, we did pass one body 872 00:53:40,178 --> 00:53:42,180 right on the fixed ropes. 873 00:53:42,472 --> 00:53:45,266 It only makes me question my sanity 874 00:53:45,558 --> 00:53:48,186 why I climbed this mountain again 875 00:53:48,478 --> 00:53:51,106 because it is dangerous and cold. 876 00:53:51,398 --> 00:53:55,568 Foster: ED TAKES HIS FINAL PSYCHOMETRIC TEST ON EVEREST. 877 00:53:55,860 --> 00:54:01,408 Donner: The man who was an engineer came to the store where Alice worked 878 00:54:01,700 --> 00:54:02,659 to buy pastries. 879 00:54:02,951 --> 00:54:03,993 Who bought pastries? 880 00:54:10,000 --> 00:54:17,132 UH, THE ENGINEER, JACK, THE GUY. 881 00:54:17,424 --> 00:54:19,926 Where was Alice? 882 00:54:20,218 --> 00:54:21,636 IN THE STORE. 883 00:54:21,928 --> 00:54:24,347 Ed, I know you want to get moving again. 884 00:54:24,639 --> 00:54:30,103 LET US KNOW HOW YOU'RE DOING, HOW YOU'RE FEELING, OVER. 885 00:54:34,024 --> 00:54:36,317 Viesturs: THE DESCENT IS QUITE ARDUOUS. 886 00:54:36,609 --> 00:54:38,069 YOU'RE PHYSICALLY SPENT 887 00:54:38,361 --> 00:54:41,281 AND YOU HAVE TO THINK ABOUT WHAT YOU'RE DOING. 888 00:54:41,573 --> 00:54:44,409 YOU CAN'T JUST STAGGER AND SLUG YOUR WAY DOWN. 889 00:54:44,701 --> 00:54:47,287 A LOT OF ACCIDENTS IN MOUNTAINEERING OCCUR 890 00:54:47,579 --> 00:54:51,541 ON THE DESCENT, AND IT'S BECAUSE PEOPLE GET TO THE SUMMIT 891 00:54:51,833 --> 00:54:54,294 AND THEY TOTALLY LET DOWN THEIR GUARD 892 00:54:54,586 --> 00:54:58,423 AND THEY'VE USED ALL OF THEIR ENERGY TO GET TO THE TOP. 893 00:54:58,715 --> 00:55:02,427 Foster: IT TAKES FIVE HOURS TO CLIMB DOWN TO CAMP IV. 894 00:55:02,719 --> 00:55:06,139 IN THE SAFETY OF HIS TENT, DAVID REVEALS TO HOWARD 895 00:55:06,431 --> 00:55:09,434 THAT HE HAD A DIFFICULT CLIMB TO THE SUMMIT. 896 00:55:09,726 --> 00:55:13,396 Breashears: Howard, this is South Col. 897 00:55:13,688 --> 00:55:18,693 HEY, DAVID, THIS IS HOWARD, GO AHEAD. 898 00:55:47,972 --> 00:55:49,849 Donner: I got that. 899 00:55:50,141 --> 00:55:51,851 How's everybody doing? 900 00:55:52,143 --> 00:55:54,979 Breashears: WE'VE GOT TO GET THESE GUYS OUT OF HERE. 901 00:55:55,271 --> 00:55:56,815 HE'S A LITTLE SICK. 902 00:55:57,107 --> 00:55:59,901 Foster: DAVID CARTER'S CONDITION HAS WORSENED. 903 00:56:00,193 --> 00:56:01,611 DESPITE HIS OWN ILLNESS 904 00:56:01,903 --> 00:56:04,864 DAVID BREASHEARS FILMS ED TAKING CARE OF CARTER. 905 00:56:05,156 --> 00:56:06,574 Breashears: WHAT'S UP? 906 00:56:06,866 --> 00:56:10,662 Viesturs: HE'S AT 93 AND 133 907 00:56:10,954 --> 00:56:12,789 SO YOUR PULSE OX IS REALLY GOOD. 908 00:56:13,081 --> 00:56:15,500 YOUR THROAT FEELS A LITTLE CONSTRICTED? 909 00:56:15,792 --> 00:56:16,835 YES. 910 00:56:17,127 --> 00:56:19,254 OKAY, HE'S ON A FOUR-LITER FLOW. 911 00:56:19,546 --> 00:56:21,506 DAVID STARTED HAVING PROBLEMS 912 00:56:21,798 --> 00:56:23,925 COMING DOWN ON THE SOUTH SUMMIT. 913 00:56:24,217 --> 00:56:26,094 HE COULDN'T CATCH HIS BREATH 914 00:56:26,386 --> 00:56:29,347 SO WE CALLED THE DOC AT BASE CAMP 915 00:56:29,639 --> 00:56:31,975 TOLD HIM WHAT WAS GOING ON 916 00:56:32,267 --> 00:56:38,273 AND HE DOESN'T KNOW WHETHER IT'S SOMETHING LIKE PULMONARY EDEMA 917 00:56:38,565 --> 00:56:40,316 OR POSSIBLY THE FACT 918 00:56:40,608 --> 00:56:45,488 THAT DAVID WAS HAVING SOME LUNG INFECTION EARLIER ON 919 00:56:45,780 --> 00:56:47,824 THAT HE'S BEEN FIGHTING 920 00:56:48,116 --> 00:56:52,537 AND WHETHER THE ALTITUDE JUST EXACERBATED THAT. 921 00:56:52,829 --> 00:56:54,497 SO I THINK THE BEST OPTION 922 00:56:54,789 --> 00:56:55,832 IF HE CAN HANDLE IT 923 00:56:56,124 --> 00:56:58,043 IS TO GET HIM DOWN TO CAMP II. 924 00:56:58,335 --> 00:57:00,462 THE LOWER WE GET HIM, THE BETTER. 925 00:57:00,754 --> 00:57:03,631 WHAT ABOUT OXYGEN AT CAMP II? 926 00:57:03,923 --> 00:57:06,134 YEAH, THERE'S A BOTTLE. 927 00:57:06,426 --> 00:57:11,097 Foster: THEY'VE JUST CLIMBED TO 29,028 FEET, THE SUMMIT OF EVEREST 928 00:57:11,389 --> 00:57:13,308 AN EXHAUSTING ACCOMPLISHMENT. 929 00:57:13,600 --> 00:57:16,561 NOW THEY WILL TRY TO DESCEND 5,000 MORE FEET 930 00:57:16,853 --> 00:57:19,064 TO GET CARTER TO A SAFER ALTITUDE. 931 00:57:19,356 --> 00:57:22,150 Breashears: HEY, DAVID, GOOD LUCK, MAN. 932 00:57:22,442 --> 00:57:25,070 SORRY YOU HAD TO GET SICK LIKE THIS. 933 00:57:25,362 --> 00:57:28,531 Foster: DAVID BREASHEARS STAYS AT CAMP IV TO REST 934 00:57:28,823 --> 00:57:30,867 AS ED ACCOMPANIES CARTER. 935 00:57:31,159 --> 00:57:37,999 Viesturs: HE WOULD GO TEN OR 20 FEET AND THEN WE'D STOP FOR FIVE MINUTES. 936 00:57:38,291 --> 00:57:41,544 YOU KNOW, HE HAD TO CATCH HIS BREATH 937 00:57:41,836 --> 00:57:44,631 HE'D HAVE TO TAKE HIS MASK OFF. 938 00:57:44,923 --> 00:57:46,466 HE WAS OVERHEATING 939 00:57:46,758 --> 00:57:51,596 DESPERATELY TRYING TO GAIN CONTROL OF HIS BREATHING. 940 00:57:51,888 --> 00:57:54,849 I THOUGHT WE COULD GET TO CAMP II 941 00:57:55,141 --> 00:57:58,687 BUT AS IT TURNED OUT, IT TOOK US A LONG TIME. 942 00:57:58,978 --> 00:58:03,316 IT TOOK FOUR AND A HALF HOURS TO GET DOWN TO CAMP III. 943 00:58:03,608 --> 00:58:07,487 SO IT WAS ABOUT 7:00 P.M. THEN, AND WE GOT INTO THE TENT 944 00:58:07,779 --> 00:58:12,325 AND THAT'S WHEN IT STARTED TO GET A LITTLE HAIRY. 945 00:58:12,617 --> 00:58:15,495 Foster: AFTER HOURS OF LABORED BREATHING 946 00:58:15,787 --> 00:58:19,833 CARTER GAINS ENOUGH STRENGTH TO GET ON THE RADIO. 947 00:58:20,125 --> 00:58:24,671 Donner: CARTER, MY MAN, HOW YOU DOING? 948 00:58:28,633 --> 00:58:32,470 TELL ME, THIS IS VERY IMPORTANT, CARTER. 949 00:58:32,762 --> 00:58:34,180 I NEED TO GET A FEELING 950 00:58:34,472 --> 00:58:38,101 FOR WHETHER YOU FEEL LIKE YOUR LUNGS ARE FULL OF FLUID. 951 00:58:38,393 --> 00:58:41,187 DO YOU FEEL LIKE IT'S DIFFICULT TO GET AIR? 952 00:58:41,479 --> 00:58:43,565 DO YOU FEEL REALLY SHORT OF BREATH 953 00:58:43,857 --> 00:58:47,652 OR DO YOU FEEL MORE LIKE IT'S WHEEZY IN YOUR UPPER AIRWAY 954 00:58:47,944 --> 00:58:51,823 LIKE YOU HAVE ASTHMA? OVER. 955 00:59:21,436 --> 00:59:23,938 Foster: CARTER SEEMS TO BE IMPROVING. 956 00:59:24,230 --> 00:59:28,985 BUT TWO HOURS LATER, A DESPERATE CALL FROM ED. 957 00:59:31,696 --> 00:59:36,076 Donner: WHAT'S GOING ON, ED? 958 00:59:37,577 --> 00:59:40,580 Donner: ED, I'M GOING TO KEEP TALKING. 959 00:59:40,872 --> 00:59:42,374 YOU DON'T HAVE TO RESPOND. 960 00:59:42,665 --> 00:59:44,417 SEE IF YOU CAN DO A HEIMLICH. 961 00:59:44,709 --> 00:59:49,673 GET HIM TO EXPEL WHATEVER'S OBSTRUCTING, OVER. 962 01:00:02,894 --> 01:00:04,187 OKAY, ED, LISTEN TO ME. 963 01:00:04,479 --> 01:00:06,189 I'M NOT SURE WHERE YOU'RE AT. 964 01:00:06,481 --> 01:00:08,274 IF IT'S AN OBVIOUS OBSTRUCTION 965 01:00:08,566 --> 01:00:11,611 AND YOU CAN PUSH IT OUT WITH A HEIMLICH, DO THAT. 966 01:00:11,903 --> 01:00:15,448 IF IT JUST SEEMS LIKE, UH, CARTER'S AIRWAY IS CLOSING IN 967 01:00:15,740 --> 01:00:17,575 AND YOU NEED TO BREATHE FOR HIM 968 01:00:17,867 --> 01:00:20,745 GO AHEAD AND START MOUTH-TO-MOUTH VENTILATION. 969 01:00:21,037 --> 01:00:24,082 OVER. 970 01:00:29,546 --> 01:00:31,881 TELL ME WHAT CARTER'S DOING NOW. 971 01:00:32,173 --> 01:00:36,928 WHAT IS HIS RESPIRATORY STATUS? OVER. 972 01:00:44,102 --> 01:00:47,939 OKAY, WHAT'S VERY IMPORTANT, CARTER, FOR YOU, IS 973 01:00:48,231 --> 01:00:52,068 I WANT YOU TO TAKE NICE, EASY, SLOW, DEEP BREATHS. 974 01:00:52,360 --> 01:00:56,281 BREATHING QUICKLY RIGHT NOW WON'T HELP YOU, CARTER 975 01:00:56,573 --> 01:00:59,034 AND I KNOW THIS IS REALLY SCARY. 976 01:00:59,325 --> 01:01:03,788 YOU'RE GOING TO DO FINE, BUT I NEED YOU TO BREATHE DEEP. 977 01:01:04,080 --> 01:01:06,624 IN AND OUT AND IN AND OUT, SLOWLY 978 01:01:06,916 --> 01:01:09,627 AND KNOW THAT ED AND THE REST OF US 979 01:01:09,919 --> 01:01:12,756 ARE GOING TO TAKE CARE OF YOU, OVER. 980 01:01:13,048 --> 01:01:16,426 Viesturs: DAVID WAS DESPERATELY GASPING FOR AIR. 981 01:01:16,718 --> 01:01:20,805 I WASN'T SURE HE WAS GOING TO MAKE IT THROUGH THE NIGHT. 982 01:01:21,097 --> 01:01:22,807 I MEAN, HE HAD HIS DOUBTS 983 01:01:23,099 --> 01:01:26,770 AND IT'S A SCARY SITUATION TO BE UP THERE ALL ALONE 984 01:01:27,062 --> 01:01:33,276 THINKING THAT, YOU KNOW, HERE THIS GUY MIGHT DIE ON YOU. 985 01:01:37,447 --> 01:01:42,535 Breashears: HERE WE GO, IT LOOKS LIKE WE HAVE A RECORD LEVEL. 986 01:01:42,827 --> 01:01:46,414 THAT LIGHT CAME ON, THAT'S PLUGGED IN. 987 01:01:46,706 --> 01:01:50,293 OKAY, DAVID, WHAT'S GOING ON? 988 01:01:50,585 --> 01:01:52,045 IT'S BEEN A LONG... 989 01:01:53,922 --> 01:01:57,717 IT'S BEEN A REALLY LONG COUPLE DAYS FOR ME. 990 01:01:58,009 --> 01:02:00,845 I'VE BEEN VERY SICK COMING DOWN. 991 01:02:01,137 --> 01:02:03,014 I'M TOTALLY EXHAUSTED. 992 01:02:03,306 --> 01:02:07,102 I'M HAVING PROBLEMS GETTING A FULL BREATH. 993 01:02:07,394 --> 01:02:08,770 MY THROAT FEELS 994 01:02:09,062 --> 01:02:13,191 LIKE I'M BREATHING THROUGH A STRAW RIGHT NOW. 995 01:02:13,483 --> 01:02:15,902 THIS IS GOD'S GIFT UP HERE. 996 01:02:16,194 --> 01:02:19,948 Carter: THAT WAS THE FIRST TIME IN MY LIFE 997 01:02:20,240 --> 01:02:24,285 WHEN I LITERALLY THOUGHT I WAS GOING TO DIE. 998 01:02:24,577 --> 01:02:28,123 I STILL TO THIS POINT HAVE NOT EVEN THOUGHT OF SUMMITING. 999 01:02:28,415 --> 01:02:32,711 I JUST WANT TO GET DOWN THE MOUNTAIN. 1000 01:02:33,003 --> 01:02:35,547 CHOKING TO DEATH AT 23,000 FEET 1001 01:02:35,839 --> 01:02:39,634 THE FIRST THING THAT WENT THROUGH MY MIND WAS 1002 01:02:39,926 --> 01:02:41,594 HOW ISOLATED I AM 1003 01:02:41,886 --> 01:02:47,017 AND I'M NOT GOING TO BE RUSHED TO THE HOSPITAL AND REVIVED. 1004 01:02:47,308 --> 01:02:52,856 I KNEW THAT WHEN I WAS CHOKING, THERE WAS JUST TWO PEOPLE THERE. 1005 01:02:53,148 --> 01:02:57,193 IT WAS MYSELF AND ED AND IT WAS FRIGHTENING. 1006 01:02:57,485 --> 01:03:00,321 I DON'T WANT TO DIE IN THE MOUNTAINS. 1007 01:03:00,613 --> 01:03:02,615 I DON'T WANT TO DIE YOUNG. 1008 01:03:02,907 --> 01:03:09,706 BUT SINCE I'VE SURVIVED IT, IT'S A BIG PART OF MY LIFE NOW. 1009 01:03:18,256 --> 01:03:20,425 ELEVEN. 1010 01:03:20,717 --> 01:03:23,636 Foster: TEN DAYS AFTER COMING OFF EVEREST 1011 01:03:23,928 --> 01:03:28,475 THE CLIMBERS RETURN TO SEATTLE FOR A FINAL SESSION OF TESTING. 1012 01:03:28,767 --> 01:03:33,938 THE SCIENTISTS HAVE NOW HAD A CHANCE TO ANALYZE THE DATA. 1013 01:03:34,230 --> 01:03:37,984 THE PULSE OXIMETRY DATA COLLECTED ON THIS EXPEDITION 1014 01:03:38,276 --> 01:03:41,279 SHOWED, AS EXPECTED, THE DECLINE IN OXYGEN 1015 01:03:41,571 --> 01:03:43,740 WITH HIGHER ASCENT TO ALTITUDE. 1016 01:03:44,032 --> 01:03:48,620 AND DAVID CARTER, IN PARTICULAR, HAD LOWER BLOOD OXYGEN LEVELS 1017 01:03:48,912 --> 01:03:50,538 WHICH SEEMED TO GO ALONG 1018 01:03:50,830 --> 01:03:54,959 WITH SOME OF THE PROBLEMS HE WAS HAVING ON THE MOUNTAIN. 1019 01:03:55,251 --> 01:03:59,297 WE NEED TO DO MORE CAREFUL ANALYSIS OF THE RELATIONSHIP 1020 01:03:59,589 --> 01:04:04,511 OF THE PULSE OXIMETER READINGS TO THE M.R.I. SCANS. 1021 01:04:04,803 --> 01:04:09,140 Foster: DR. HACKETT HAS LOOKED CLOSELY AT THE M.R.I. SCANS 1022 01:04:09,432 --> 01:04:11,351 SEARCHING FOR ABNORMALITIES. 1023 01:04:11,643 --> 01:04:14,979 HE DISCOVERS THAT EXPOSURE TO EXTREME ALTITUDE 1024 01:04:15,271 --> 01:04:17,941 CAN LEAVE ITS MARK ON THE HUMAN BRAIN. 1025 01:04:18,233 --> 01:04:21,528 HACKETT ADDRESSES THE CLIMBERS. 1026 01:04:21,820 --> 01:04:24,406 THE ONLY ABNORMALITY WE FOUND WAS 1027 01:04:24,698 --> 01:04:27,742 A VERY MILD ATROPHY IN THE BRAIN OF ED VIESTURS 1028 01:04:28,034 --> 01:04:30,995 WHO HAS CLIMBED MANY TIMES TO HIGH ALTITUDE 1029 01:04:31,287 --> 01:04:33,206 WITHOUT SUPPLEMENTAL OXYGEN. 1030 01:04:33,498 --> 01:04:35,041 AND WHAT WE'D LIKE TO DO IS 1031 01:04:35,333 --> 01:04:38,211 FOLLOW HIM OVER A LONGER PERIOD OF TIME TO SEE 1032 01:04:38,503 --> 01:04:43,299 IF THIS MIGHT ACTUALLY PROGRESS WITH HIS HIGH-ALTITUDE CAREER. 1033 01:04:43,591 --> 01:04:48,013 Ed lived by the river for 20 years... 1034 01:04:49,889 --> 01:04:51,850 OH, BOY. 1035 01:04:52,142 --> 01:05:01,109 ...and this was the first time it had been this high, over. 1036 01:05:07,198 --> 01:05:12,162 OH! YOU WERE FEELING BAD THERE. 1037 01:05:12,454 --> 01:05:15,290 WE HAVE REVIEWED ALL THE TESTS YOU SEE 1038 01:05:15,582 --> 01:05:20,420 AND YOU CAN SEE THERE'S A REAL DIFFERENCE IN YOUR PERFORMANCE 1039 01:05:20,712 --> 01:05:22,380 AT HIGH ALTITUDE. 1040 01:05:22,672 --> 01:05:26,634 AT THE HIGHER ELEVATIONS, YOU ARE OBVIOUSLY IN SURVIVAL MODE. 1041 01:05:26,926 --> 01:05:28,887 FROM THE NUMBERS, WE COULD SEE 1042 01:05:29,179 --> 01:05:31,806 THAT YOUR PERFORMANCE WAS DETERIORATING 1043 01:05:32,098 --> 01:05:34,642 AND HAD WE HAD THOSE NUMBERS AVAILABLE 1044 01:05:34,934 --> 01:05:36,895 WE WOULD'VE PROBABLY SUGGESTED 1045 01:05:37,187 --> 01:05:39,606 THAT YOU MIGHT NOT WANT TO CONTINUE. 1046 01:05:39,898 --> 01:05:44,819 I'M SHOCKED AND I REALIZE NOW HOW SICK I WAS. 1047 01:05:45,111 --> 01:05:49,366 YOU DON'T... IT'S JUST A HAZE UP THERE. 1048 01:05:49,657 --> 01:05:52,494 Breashears: YOU CAN'T TELL UP THERE. 1049 01:05:52,786 --> 01:05:54,829 WE'RE ALL JUST GETTING BY. 1050 01:05:55,121 --> 01:05:58,416 I'M LOOKING AT DAVID FOR THE FIRST TIME AT CAMP IV 1051 01:05:58,708 --> 01:06:01,670 AND TYPICALLY I'M TALKING TO HIM ON THE RADIO 1052 01:06:01,961 --> 01:06:04,547 AND IN FACT, YOU SAW WHEN HE WAS COUGHING 1053 01:06:04,839 --> 01:06:06,508 HE HAD THE MICROPHONE OFF. 1054 01:06:06,800 --> 01:06:08,635 SO I'M HEARING HIS RESPONSES. 1055 01:06:08,927 --> 01:06:12,722 I'M NOT WATCHING HIM COUGH OR SEEING HOW AWFUL HE LOOKS. 1056 01:06:13,014 --> 01:06:15,392 THE QUESTION THEN WE ASK IS 1057 01:06:15,684 --> 01:06:20,146 WHAT HAPPENS IF YOU'RE IN AN EMERGENCY SITUATION? 1058 01:06:20,438 --> 01:06:26,027 ARE YOU ABLE TO THINK QUICKLY, ARE YOU ABLE TO THINK CLEARLY 1059 01:06:26,319 --> 01:06:30,907 ABOUT WHAT YOU NEED TO DO TO SURVIVE AND GET DOWN? 1060 01:06:31,199 --> 01:06:33,118 YOU CAN SEE HOW, IN HIS CONDITION 1061 01:06:33,410 --> 01:06:35,912 HE COULD HAVE NOT TIED HIS ROPE CORRECTLY 1062 01:06:36,204 --> 01:06:38,289 NOT TIED INTO HIS HARNESS CORRECTLY 1063 01:06:38,581 --> 01:06:42,961 NOT CLIPPED INTO THE ANCHOR CORRECTLY. 1064 01:06:43,336 --> 01:06:46,047 Carter: I LOVE THIS MOUNTAIN. 1065 01:06:46,339 --> 01:06:48,341 I HAVE LEARNED A LOT. 1066 01:06:48,633 --> 01:06:50,385 YOU KNOW, I SUMMITED 1067 01:06:50,677 --> 01:06:54,848 BUT I STILL DON'T EVEN THINK ABOUT THE SUMMIT. 1068 01:06:55,140 --> 01:06:59,436 I'M STILL THINKING ABOUT THAT NIGHT AT CAMP III 1069 01:06:59,728 --> 01:07:02,605 BEING NEAR DEATH, POSSIBLY DYING. 1070 01:07:02,897 --> 01:07:07,152 WHEN I PASSED BY THE LAST LADDER IN THE ICEFALL 1071 01:07:07,444 --> 01:07:13,241 I KNEW THAT I HAD SURVIVED MOUNT EVEREST. 1072 01:07:22,167 --> 01:07:24,919 Donner: DAVID, NOW THAT YOU'VE BEEN TO THE TOP 1073 01:07:25,211 --> 01:07:29,007 DO YOU THINK THIS WAS YOUR LAST TRIP UP THIS MOUNTAIN? OVER. 1074 01:07:29,299 --> 01:07:34,512 Breashears: Well, it's the hardest day I've ever had on the mountain 1075 01:07:34,804 --> 01:07:36,139 and I have no intention 1076 01:07:36,431 --> 01:07:41,728 of ever going to the top of Everest again 1077 01:07:42,020 --> 01:07:45,231 and I need lots of people 1078 01:07:45,523 --> 01:07:49,694 to prevent me from changing my mind. 1079 01:08:07,629 --> 01:08:09,756 {y:i}TAKE THE TESTS YOURSELF. 1080 01:08:10,048 --> 01:08:13,093 {y:i}SEE THE 360 VIEWS FROM THE TOP. 1081 01:08:13,385 --> 01:08:15,095 {y:i}RETURN TO EVEREST 1082 01:08:15,387 --> 01:08:19,307 {y:i}AND EXPERIENCE EVERYTHING {y:i}WITH THE EXTREME ALTITUDE. 1083 01:08:19,599 --> 01:08:23,937 {y:i}START CLIMBING AT: 1084 01:08:30,235 --> 01:08:36,908 [Captioned by The Caption Center WGBH Educational Foundation] 1085 01:08:41,079 --> 01:08:42,539 {y:i}TO ORDER THIS SHOW 1086 01:08:42,831 --> 01:08:46,376 {y:i}FOR $19.95 PLUS {y:i}SHIPPING AND HANDLING 1087 01:08:46,668 --> 01:08:51,756 {y:i}CALL 1-800-255-9424. 1088 01:08:52,048 --> 01:08:56,302 {y:i}AND TO LEARN MORE ABOUT {y:i}HOW SCIENCE CAN SOLVE 1089 01:08:56,594 --> 01:08:58,346 {y:i}THE MYSTERIES OF OUR WORLD 1090 01:08:58,638 --> 01:09:03,309 {y:i}ASK ABOUT OUR MANY OTHER NOVA VIDEOS. 1091 01:09:45,477 --> 01:09:50,774 {y:i}NOVA IS A PRODUCTION {y:i}OF WGBH BOSTON. 1092 01:09:55,945 --> 01:10:01,743 MAJOR FUNDING FOR "NOVA" IS PROVIDED BY THE PARK FOUNDATION 1093 01:10:02,035 --> 01:10:08,083 DEDICATED TO EDUCATION AND QUALITY TELEVISION. 1094 01:10:10,627 --> 01:10:15,840 THIS PROGRAM IS FUNDED IN PART BY NORTHWESTERN MUTUAL LIFE 1095 01:10:16,132 --> 01:10:19,302 WHICH HAS BEEN PROTECTING FAMILIES AND BUSINESSES 1096 01:10:19,594 --> 01:10:20,762 FOR GENERATIONS. 1097 01:10:21,054 --> 01:10:25,475 HAVE YOU HEARD FROM THE QUIET COMPANY? 1098 01:10:33,400 --> 01:10:41,741 Ripped with SubRip 1.14 and Verified by CdinT (Cristi_Polacsek@SoftHome.net) 1099 01:10:41,783 --> 01:10:46,746 I deliver perfection... and don't brag about it! :D 80407

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