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In the Pacific, the mortal combat against
the fanatic fall, the kamikaze corps
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the Japanese pilot to rod
their bind win to certain
3
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suicide, and possible
devastation of our ship.
4
00:02:38,350 --> 00:02:45,140
"Grant us a common faith that man shall know bread and peace
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00:02:47,250 --> 00:02:53,170
that he shall know justice and
righteousness, freedom and security
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00:02:54,020 --> 00:02:58,970
an equal opportunity and an equal chance to do his best
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00:02:59,530 --> 00:03:04,060
not only in our own lands, but throughout the world."
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00:05:02,300 --> 00:05:08,240
"The greatest generation would
imply to my mind, people
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who really were involved and
knew what was the stake
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00:05:15,020 --> 00:05:20,220
and I think the majority of the greatest
generation didn't have a notion of the stake.
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00:05:23,080 --> 00:05:27,795
When I had this young boy,
a boy from Mississippi,
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00:05:27,796 --> 00:05:32,510
a farm boy, he was in
a foxhole next to me.
13
00:05:35,550 --> 00:05:41,890
And out of nowhere, through the mist,
came a bullet to hit him in the head.
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00:05:43,210 --> 00:05:46,230
And that was a kid who
didn't know anything, he'd
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00:05:46,231 --> 00:05:49,250
never been away from the
farm in Mississippi,
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he didn't know where he was,
what he did, why he was there...
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00:05:54,141 --> 00:05:58,430
was he a part of the
greatest generation? Yes.
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There was nothing great about him,
just a young boy who lost his life."
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00:06:21,450 --> 00:06:25,520
"I arrived in New York in May of 1939.
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I was an American-lover from the war to goal.
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00:06:33,570 --> 00:06:39,050
The first thing I do is change my
name from Hans Werner to Jack Werner.
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00:06:44,510 --> 00:06:47,490
Owl-eh-dee, I feel more like an American."
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00:06:49,390 --> 00:06:53,260
It is May, 1939, a 19-year-old
immigrant, Jack Werner, is setting
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00:06:53,261 --> 00:06:57,130
out on a drive across the country
to hollywood, California,
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where he hopes to break into the movie business.
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00:07:00,090 --> 00:07:03,720
His home country of Austria is embrace Nazi extremism.
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Now he's fled to America to begin a new life.
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"It's a wonderful trip.
Everyone here is so kind and generous.
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No one even asks me about what is happening
in Europe, even after they hear my accent.
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I suppose they don't want to be impolite.
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00:07:39,430 --> 00:07:42,810
They don't understand how lucky they are,
not having to look over their shoulder.
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00:07:48,740 --> 00:07:51,890
I suppose if it doesn't happen in your
backyard, you don't know much about it.
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00:07:55,350 --> 00:07:59,500
I can't blame them. Europe seems so far away.
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00:08:10,600 --> 00:08:15,015
I remember when I was in Austria,
it was just after Hitler took
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over, all of his anti-Jewish laws
were put into effect immediately.
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We were no longer considered citizens.
Within a week my father was fired from his job.
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Our bank account was frozen. We have no one to turn to.
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And then one morning I woke up
early, and outside my window
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this man was singing a few lines
from the Horst-Wessel-Lied.
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It was the Nazi party anthem.
There's one like this: When
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Jewish blood flows for my own
eyes, everything will be well...
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"There were people already walking
on the street, nobody said anything.
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That was the moment when I decided,
that's enough, I'm out of here."
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"In that very evening I left
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I knew what could happen to Jewish people like myself.
I knew what was already happening,
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so I escaped to the Alps and I headed to America
because I knew it wasn't going to stop."
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00:09:29,800 --> 00:09:32,935
Stunned by the sudden thrust of
the Nazi drive into the north
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00:09:32,936 --> 00:09:36,070
countries, troops rally around loyal
officers defend their own land.
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00:09:36,450 --> 00:09:38,765
The scene was repeated
that hundreds of Norwegian
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00:09:38,766 --> 00:09:41,080
villagers even as the enemy
moved in were then killed.
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00:09:41,410 --> 00:09:46,060
"We are shocked by the almost incredible
eyewitness stories that come to us,
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stories of what is happening at this moment
to the civilian populations of Norway..."
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"I speak to you for the first time as Prime Minister
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in a solemn hour for the life
of our country, of our empire,
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of our allies, and, above all,
of the cause of Freedom."
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"Hundreds die as 1500 fires burn historical
landmarks into black and shells of debris."
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"we shall fight in France, we shall
fight on the seas and oceans,
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we shall fight with growing
confidence and growing
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strength in the air, we
shall defend our Island,
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whatever the cost may be... we shall never surrender."
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British skies was scarred by brutal combat
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"If we can stand up to him, all Europe may be free...
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but if we failed, then the whole
world, including the United States,
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including all that we have known and
cared for, will sink into the abyss..."
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00:12:30,350 --> 00:12:36,200
With a third of Europe now under Nazi control,
America still sits on the sidelines.
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Many believe the war'd be Europe's problem.
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Recalling the horrors of WWI,
the majority of Americans
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don't want to get involved
in another european war.
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00:12:55,840 --> 00:12:59,720
President Franklin Roosevelt attempt
to convince them otherwise.
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"There are many among us who in the past
closed their eyes to events abroad,
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because they believed what was taking
place in Europe was none of our business.
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We could maintain our physical safety by
retiring within out continental boundaries.
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Obviously, a defense policy based on
that is merely to invite future attack.
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00:13:28,100 --> 00:13:33,315
To those who would not admit the
possibility of the approaching
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storm, the past weeks have meant
the shattering of many illusions."
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On September 16, 1940, Roosevelt signed
"The Selective Training and Service Act",
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the first peace time draft in the American history.
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All able-body men between 21 and 30
must register for military service.
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00:14:19,320 --> 00:14:24,330
Though Congress approves the bill, it is
carefully called "national defense measure".
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The draftees may only be sent to
defend American held territories
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"I told my brother I'm gonna get grabbed in by this draft,
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and sure enough, I'm the first number in my town."
83
00:14:42,060 --> 00:14:48,180
In upstate New York, a soft-spoken farm boy
named Archie Sweeney has just been drafted.
84
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"Things are already hard enough at
home, especially since mama died.
85
00:15:02,170 --> 00:15:06,500
She made a promise we should stick
together and we told her we would."
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00:15:09,120 --> 00:15:12,160
Sweeney is on his way to Fort Bragg in North Carolina.
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He's never been outside New York state before or on a train.
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"Hopefully all this will blow over
soon, and I can get back home."
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00:15:31,720 --> 00:15:35,075
After several failed attempts,
Austrian immigrant Jack Werner
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abandon his dream of breaking
into the movie business.
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Instead, he takes a job in a flower shop.
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00:15:43,770 --> 00:15:46,515
"One day, out of nowhere,
I ran into Ralph
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Lieben, a friend of mine
I hadn't seen in years.
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00:15:50,690 --> 00:15:53,800
Ralph is an American I met in Paris after I escaped Austria.
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00:15:59,360 --> 00:16:04,010
He sheltered and took me under his
wing, helped me with my English.
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But that was long time ago.
97
00:16:14,150 --> 00:16:18,680
Ralph tells me the latest news from Europe.
It's hard to imagine.
98
00:16:28,830 --> 00:16:32,080
Now those filthy Nazis are parading
around like they own the place.
99
00:16:37,670 --> 00:16:40,010
The more often I talk about the Germans the angrier I get.
100
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Somebody needs to stop them before
they take over the entire world.
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That's when I realized it's time to stop
talking and start doing something about it,
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taking actions instead of words.
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I maybe have been living with that for years and years.
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00:17:03,060 --> 00:17:07,240
You have to understand that my life
and his life, they are really...
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00:17:08,040 --> 00:17:12,480
almost completely obsessed
with Hitler and what
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Hitler was going to do, and
the fate of the world.
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00:17:17,660 --> 00:17:23,670
And we decided that it was about time
to stop talking and doing something.
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00:17:24,250 --> 00:17:29,115
That's when we took the
critical action of going down
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to Fort Pigas and St.
Petero and enlisted in the army."
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The military Archie Sweeney
and Jack Werner join
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has only just begun to
build up its arsenal.
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00:17:46,440 --> 00:17:49,815
2 years ago, United States
had the 17th largest
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army in the world, smaller
than tiny Romanian's.
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00:17:57,070 --> 00:18:01,700
And almost two thirds of American
recruits have never fired a rifle.
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00:18:08,410 --> 00:18:12,080
At Fort Ord in Monterey bay,
California, Jack Werner
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begins his basic training
with the 7th Army Infantry.
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It is a sobering, even frightening experience.
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"It is shocking how unprepared
we are, how naive everyone is,
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parading around with Springfield
rifles and WWI steel helmets.
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00:18:29,640 --> 00:18:32,230
How can they expect in 21th
century to fight a war
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against well-equipped enemy
with this kind of gear?
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00:18:41,090 --> 00:18:45,730
Do they think we can fight Hitler's
panthers on horse back? I have no idea."
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00:18:54,720 --> 00:19:00,690
By the spring of 1941, Hitler is the unchallenged
master of most of continental Europe.
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His fighting forces have
brought 11 countries
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and over 70 million people
under the Nazi flag.
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00:19:12,410 --> 00:19:17,510
In nearly every conquered country, Hitler's
troops from the Nazi party's Waffen SS,
127
00:19:17,850 --> 00:19:23,060
and regular German army carry out a
policy of oppression and mass murder.
128
00:19:33,440 --> 00:19:37,940
In a small Yugoslavian town,
German cameraman Gottfried Kessel,
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00:19:38,910 --> 00:19:42,445
he's filming when German
soldiers select 36 serbians
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00:19:42,446 --> 00:19:45,980
from the population and lead
them to a nearby cemetery.
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00:19:51,170 --> 00:19:57,180
The previous night, unknown gunmen had fired
on some German officers from this very spot.
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00:19:58,170 --> 00:20:03,170
The Germans are sending a grim message to
any Serbians thinking about resisting.
133
00:21:00,210 --> 00:21:05,560
By the summer of 1941, Hitler is ready
to launch his forces further east.
134
00:21:10,640 --> 00:21:14,170
In June his armies invade the Soviet Union.
135
00:21:15,690 --> 00:21:20,500
By September, They have captured
over 1.4 million Soviet troops.
136
00:21:24,750 --> 00:21:29,250
One month later, American government
agents intercept a secret Nazi map.
137
00:21:29,840 --> 00:21:35,440
It outlines Hitler's plan to re-organize
South America after he conquers it.
138
00:21:40,270 --> 00:21:45,360
In November, Germany, Japan and Italy
renew their military alliance.
139
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All agree to safeguard their common interests.
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00:21:50,630 --> 00:21:53,870
The excess powers are ready to carve out the world.
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00:22:15,240 --> 00:22:18,430
"We interrupt this broadcast to bring you
this important bulletin from United Press.
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Flash: Washington: the White House announces
Japanese attack on Pearl Harbour."
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...news of the Japanese
attack reach the president
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at 2:35pm, 7:35 this
morning Hawaiian time.
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... President Roosevelt has
been in almost constant
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session with the Secretaries
of War and Navy.
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White House also announced that
an army transport carrying
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lumber has been sunk between
San Francisco and Hawaii.
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00:23:05,750 --> 00:23:10,910
Flash: a Japanese aircraft carrier has just been sunk.
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00:23:10,940 --> 00:23:15,265
San Francisco, with the entire west coast
on the verge of war basis, Mayor Angelo J.
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Rossi declare San Francisco on the
state of emergency tonight...
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... and the battleship
Virginia was reported sunk.
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Also the battleship Oklahoma
has been set on fire...
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Japan has made war on the United
States without declaring it.
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"December 7th, 1941, a date which will live in infamy."
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"Coach Albert comes in and says: I got bad news,
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the Japanese just bombed Pearl Harbour.
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00:24:30,190 --> 00:24:33,570
"I doubted if any other students knew
where in the hell pearl harbour was"
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00:24:35,400 --> 00:24:39,280
On Dec 7th, 1941, Charles
Scheffel is a 21-year-old
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college senior playing
basketball for oklahoma A&M.
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00:24:43,630 --> 00:24:47,550
He is on a full scholarship playing
under the legendary coach Hank Eiber.
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"And he said, how many of you enlisted military?
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So, 6 others raised their hands.
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And he said, well, I want you to know that we are at war.
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We are so angry, all we
can think is that the
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Jap basterds will pay
for this sneak attack."
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21 U.S. ships are sunk or damaged.
188 aircrafts are destroyed. 2403 people are killed
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This restored film of the
immediate aftermath of the
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attack on Pearl Harbour has
never been shown in public.
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"Last night Japanese forces attacked Hong Kong.
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Last night Japanese forces attacked Guam.
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00:25:54,150 --> 00:25:58,890
Last night Japanese forces attacked the Philippine Islands.
173
00:26:01,640 --> 00:26:05,490
Last night Japanese forces attacked Wake Island.
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And this morning the Japanese attacked Midway Island.
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The facts of yesterday and today speak for themselves.
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The people of the United States
have already formed their opinions
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and well understand the implications to
the very life and safety of our nation."
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"I am shocked and surprised and I have to admit
I'm relieved that it finally comes to it.
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The next day we packed up and moved out
to the northern part of California,
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00:26:51,130 --> 00:26:55,300
and stationed ourselves
from the coast, awaiting
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the invasion of the
dreaded Japanese army.
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00:27:02,050 --> 00:27:05,230
This is crazy.
We have just one machine gun in
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placement to defend the
entire beach with."
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00:27:18,220 --> 00:27:21,120
4 days after the attack
on Pearl harbour, Germany
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and Italy declare war
on the United States.
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00:27:24,470 --> 00:27:29,060
It is the first and only time Hitler
actually declares war on another nation.
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The wars in Europe and Asia now merged
into a single gigantic world war,
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the largest war in History.
189
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"...and citizens are urged
to remain calm and avoid
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00:28:05,236 --> 00:28:07,830
all unnecessary confusion
because of hysteria"
191
00:28:08,770 --> 00:28:14,750
Across the US, panic spreads as American
realize they have enemies off both coasts.
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00:28:17,020 --> 00:28:21,360
Surging above the fear is a wave of patriotism and outrage.
193
00:28:22,130 --> 00:28:28,390
Within 30 days of the attack, over
134,000 young men enlist for service.
194
00:28:29,040 --> 00:28:33,730
They want to fight back, but still must
undergo months of training before deploying.
195
00:28:34,180 --> 00:28:37,540
In the meantime, America's
current military force
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00:28:37,541 --> 00:28:40,900
of just under 500,000
will do what it can.
197
00:28:46,720 --> 00:28:50,830
After months of fighting to prevent the
Japanese from taking the Philippines,
198
00:28:51,010 --> 00:28:54,300
US military leaders realize the situation is hopeless.
199
00:28:54,640 --> 00:28:58,280
Their navy is outmatched, powerless
to deliver reinforcements.
200
00:28:58,690 --> 00:29:01,125
Back in February, they
ordered the commanding
201
00:29:01,126 --> 00:29:03,560
general, Douglas MacArthur
to evacuate by night
202
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and leave his troops behind.
203
00:29:05,930 --> 00:29:09,535
And now more than 74,000 of
American and Filipino soldiers
204
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are taken prisoner by the
Japanese on the Bataan Peninsula.
205
00:29:18,140 --> 00:29:20,910
In May, 2 American naval task forces,
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including 2 of our
precious aircraft carriers
207
00:29:24,161 --> 00:29:26,680
engage Japanese task
force in the Coral Sea,
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00:29:27,370 --> 00:29:30,610
one American carrier sunk, another damaged.
209
00:29:35,280 --> 00:29:40,730
One month later, our remaining carriers
ambush the Japanese fleet near Midway Island.
210
00:29:41,510 --> 00:29:45,430
It is an arousing victory, 4 enemy carriers are sunk.
211
00:29:46,330 --> 00:29:48,340
But the Navy loses the York Town.
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00:29:49,350 --> 00:29:52,240
It now has only 3 carriers left in the Pacific.
213
00:30:09,270 --> 00:30:15,100
It's amazing and eerie to be here in the exact
place where the whole war began for us.
214
00:30:25,340 --> 00:30:30,380
24-year-old Richard Tregaskis is a cub
reporter for the International News Service.
215
00:30:30,670 --> 00:30:34,040
After months of lobbying his bosses for a combat assignment,
216
00:30:34,420 --> 00:30:37,315
he's finally arrived in
Pearl Harbour with orders
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00:30:37,316 --> 00:30:40,210
to cover the expanding
American war in the Pacific.
218
00:30:41,700 --> 00:30:44,210
The navy's been busy trying to repair what ships they can.
219
00:30:44,980 --> 00:30:48,580
From the looks of it it's gonna take a long
time before the fleet is fully restored.
220
00:30:52,660 --> 00:30:54,840
7 months after the attack on the Pearl Harbour,
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00:30:55,680 --> 00:30:59,340
repairs are underway on 5 of the 8
battleships damaged in the assault.
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00:31:00,710 --> 00:31:05,090
The likelihood is high that they would
return to service, but not right away.
223
00:31:06,220 --> 00:31:11,820
For the time being at least, the navy will
be fighting at nowhere near full strength.
224
00:31:13,540 --> 00:31:16,140
"When I first got here I expected the mood to be bleak,
225
00:31:16,660 --> 00:31:21,890
but more than anything, people seemed energized and angry."
226
00:31:24,910 --> 00:31:28,540
In May of 1942, Charles
Scheffel graduates from college
227
00:31:28,541 --> 00:31:32,170
and immediately become a 2nd
lieutenant in the US Army.
228
00:31:33,750 --> 00:31:39,200
"With all that's happening, I'm ready to
serve my country, I'm more than ready."
229
00:31:40,310 --> 00:31:43,790
He knows it is only matter of time before he will deploy.
230
00:31:45,840 --> 00:31:49,600
"So I pick up the phone, I call my
girlfriend Ruth and I ask her to marry me,
231
00:31:49,920 --> 00:31:53,420
me, next week if she'll hail me, and she says yes.
232
00:31:55,420 --> 00:31:59,290
When orders come for me to report to Camp
Kelmer for debarkation, Ruth travels with me.
233
00:32:00,110 --> 00:32:02,600
She's gonna stay at a hotel in New York until I go.
234
00:32:03,710 --> 00:32:06,025
Within 3 hours of my
arrival, our group is
235
00:32:06,026 --> 00:32:08,340
completely outfitted and
sealed in holding area.
236
00:32:11,850 --> 00:32:13,760
So much for goodbyes."
237
00:32:20,630 --> 00:32:23,620
The New York port of embarkation
has been helping to
238
00:32:23,621 --> 00:32:26,610
keep England in the war by
sending food and ammunitions.
239
00:32:28,730 --> 00:32:31,500
Now hundreds of outgoing
ships are packed with
240
00:32:31,501 --> 00:32:34,270
American men ready to take
the fight to the enemy.
241
00:32:37,380 --> 00:32:42,260
But the enemy is already at America's door for months.
242
00:32:42,620 --> 00:32:45,540
Hitler's U-boats have been
terrorizing the Atlantic seaboard.
243
00:32:47,040 --> 00:32:53,090
In 1942 alone, U-boats sink over 1000
ships bound for England and Soviet Union.
244
00:33:01,790 --> 00:33:04,420
So when Charles scheffel
and the troops ship out,
245
00:33:04,421 --> 00:33:07,050
they must do so under
the cover of darkness.
246
00:33:07,750 --> 00:33:11,400
There's no fan fare, no throngs of waving love ones.
247
00:33:12,830 --> 00:33:15,400
America is sneaking off to the war.
248
00:33:19,620 --> 00:33:21,630
"Our life boats can only hold 250 men.
249
00:33:22,600 --> 00:33:26,550
So if we're hit, the rest of us
would just jump into the Atlantic."
250
00:33:30,110 --> 00:33:34,495
Halfway around the world, combat
reporter Richard Tregaskis has joined
251
00:33:34,496 --> 00:33:38,880
a far larger military convoy cutting
through the vast Pacific Ocean.
252
00:33:42,530 --> 00:33:46,350
"All around this there are transports,
cruise ships, destroyers.
253
00:33:47,400 --> 00:33:50,200
The navy only has 4
aircraft carriers, and 3 of
254
00:33:50,201 --> 00:33:53,000
them are perched right on
the rim of the ocean."
255
00:33:56,320 --> 00:34:00,530
The depleted American navy is
using old cruise liners converted
256
00:34:00,531 --> 00:34:04,740
into transports to carry more
than 10,000 untested marines.
257
00:34:06,760 --> 00:34:12,110
Their objective, a remote jungle island of
the southern tip of the Solomon Islands,
258
00:34:12,570 --> 00:34:14,590
it is called Guadalcanal.
259
00:34:16,310 --> 00:34:20,060
There, the Japanese are building
an air field that once finished,
260
00:34:20,520 --> 00:34:22,830
will allow their bombers
to threaten the vital
261
00:34:22,831 --> 00:34:25,140
sea lanes that connect
America to Australia.
262
00:34:25,810 --> 00:34:31,790
If they succeed, our England in the Pacific
will be isolated, ripe for Japanese invasion.
263
00:34:32,440 --> 00:34:36,040
The fate of the entire Pacific War hangs in the balance.
264
00:35:10,950 --> 00:35:14,650
What the young marines and sailors on
their way to Guadalcanal don't realize
265
00:35:15,230 --> 00:35:18,610
is that amphibious landing
against defended beaches are the
266
00:35:18,611 --> 00:35:21,990
most desperate and dangerous
of all military operations.
267
00:35:22,610 --> 00:35:26,150
America has not attempted one since 1898.
268
00:35:51,070 --> 00:35:56,410
We've been told that we are to land in 5 days,
making this the last Sunday for communion.
269
00:35:59,700 --> 00:36:01,830
A lot of guys want to
settle themselves and be
270
00:36:01,831 --> 00:36:03,960
prepared for at least the
possibility of death.
271
00:36:09,470 --> 00:36:12,545
On deck, everyone's cleaning
and oiling their rifles,
272
00:36:12,546 --> 00:36:15,620
their machine guns and their
mortars with motherly care.
273
00:36:26,500 --> 00:36:30,710
It seems amazing that people can
relax like this, when they are
274
00:36:30,711 --> 00:36:34,920
heading for the unpleasant
realities of danger and bloodshed.
275
00:36:38,250 --> 00:36:43,090
Intelligence estimates that only 1 in 3
landing boats to reach shore safely,
276
00:36:43,840 --> 00:36:47,270
and that 1 in 4 marines will not
survive the initial assault.
277
00:36:51,630 --> 00:36:56,410
But I came here to see some action, and I
intend to go in with the first assault wave."
278
00:37:11,860 --> 00:37:17,440
After 7 days at sea, the marines close in on Guadalcanal.
279
00:37:20,040 --> 00:37:25,080
"A cool tropical air envelopes the ship
as we penetrate the inner harbour.
280
00:37:27,010 --> 00:37:29,270
Where's the Japs?
281
00:37:29,880 --> 00:37:32,070
Their shore guns are eerily quiet.
282
00:37:32,550 --> 00:37:36,000
Everyone is silent and nervous as we move close to shore.
283
00:37:37,890 --> 00:37:40,960
It is as if we're unwelcome
guest walking through
284
00:37:40,961 --> 00:37:44,030
the front door of a
waiting and armed host.
285
00:37:47,130 --> 00:37:51,990
There didn't seem to be much to say,
although a few lads come up with inevitable.
286
00:37:52,650 --> 00:37:54,660
Well, this is it.
287
00:38:14,190 --> 00:38:19,070
At 09:00 hours the order is given: land the landing force.
288
00:39:49,860 --> 00:39:51,490
On shore it's absolute silence.
289
00:39:52,070 --> 00:39:55,010
It's eerie. There isn't a single Japs to meet us.
290
00:39:55,940 --> 00:39:59,270
One of the Lieutenants says: I
wonder the Japs can be this dumb.
291
00:40:05,550 --> 00:40:08,010
Either they're dumb, or it's a trick.
292
00:40:12,780 --> 00:40:15,640
"May, they got us busy drilling, camping and marching,
293
00:40:16,460 --> 00:40:18,810
what a farmer works hard is nothing compared to this."
294
00:40:20,890 --> 00:40:23,305
Upstate New York farm
boy Archie Sweeney is
295
00:40:23,306 --> 00:40:25,720
farther from home than
he has ever been before,
296
00:40:26,110 --> 00:40:29,410
now assigned to the 39th Infantry Regiment, H company.
297
00:40:32,560 --> 00:40:35,910
"They got us practicing something
called 'amphibian operations'.
298
00:40:36,690 --> 00:40:39,630
Lucky for me, there's no swimming.
But you do get awfully wet.
299
00:40:45,100 --> 00:40:47,120
We all then wait for word and wonder we gonna ship out,
300
00:40:48,460 --> 00:40:52,510
when it finally comes, we're told to head
up to Norfolk prepare for deployment.
301
00:40:54,490 --> 00:40:55,300
But nobody says where to."
302
00:41:02,690 --> 00:41:07,235
On October 23rd, 1942, now
corporal Archie Sweeney and 39th
303
00:41:07,236 --> 00:41:11,780
Infantry Regiment are on a ship
sailing out of Norfolk naval base.
304
00:41:15,190 --> 00:41:18,020
"When I've gone to the Army, I guess
I never figured on going to sea.
305
00:41:19,700 --> 00:41:23,490
It's a huge convoy, we have battleships
and destroyers escorting us,
306
00:41:23,830 --> 00:41:26,800
zigging and zagging to keep the
U-boats from picking up our trail.
307
00:41:27,820 --> 00:41:29,440
Now I wish I had learnt how to swim."
308
00:41:32,560 --> 00:41:36,440
They are the first American ground
troops dispatched to fight Hitler.
309
00:41:38,210 --> 00:41:43,100
Out of gigantic amphibious force of
100,000 men and 1200 vessels of all
310
00:41:43,101 --> 00:41:47,990
kinds departing simultaneously from
ports in both America and Britain.
311
00:41:48,270 --> 00:41:51,125
Sailing out of Liverpool,
England is 2nd Lieutenant and
312
00:41:51,126 --> 00:41:53,980
former college basketball
player Charles scheffel.
313
00:41:54,460 --> 00:41:57,215
After surviving his
transit-landed journey, he's
314
00:41:57,216 --> 00:41:59,970
spent 3 months training
with British in the UK.
315
00:42:01,290 --> 00:42:03,130
"Everyone is guessing about our destination.
316
00:42:03,900 --> 00:42:05,660
You know, soldiers would gamble on anything.
317
00:42:06,600 --> 00:42:10,650
So we form a pool and we start a bet. I'm thinking Norway.
318
00:42:11,790 --> 00:42:15,470
But after 3 days of sailing, I went to see the British ...
319
00:42:16,400 --> 00:42:24,670
I said, Sir? My meter down here in this
hole, that been on deck for 3 days.
320
00:42:25,440 --> 00:42:28,100
I've got to know what's happening.
321
00:42:30,430 --> 00:42:34,380
He said we were going to make the invasion of North Africa."
322
00:42:42,450 --> 00:42:46,045
For over 2 years, Hitler's troops
have been battling the British
323
00:42:46,046 --> 00:42:49,640
in North Africa, struggling for
control of the Suez Canal.
324
00:42:50,930 --> 00:42:52,860
If the Germans can take the canal,
325
00:42:53,230 --> 00:42:56,910
they will have a secure passage
way to the middle east
326
00:42:56,911 --> 00:43:00,590
and its rich oil reserves to
fill their mechanized army.
327
00:43:08,160 --> 00:43:10,110
"The Brits taught the
American boys in our unit
328
00:43:10,111 --> 00:43:12,060
everything they could about
combat against Germans,
329
00:43:12,710 --> 00:43:14,620
now it's the time to see if I've learned enough."
330
00:43:25,070 --> 00:43:28,585
8 months to the day after Pearl
Harbour, combat reporter
331
00:43:28,586 --> 00:43:32,100
Richard Tregaskis is with the
First Marines on Guadalcanal.
332
00:43:32,780 --> 00:43:34,650
There are still no sign of enemy.
333
00:43:35,700 --> 00:43:39,730
The men move out cautiously to the
untracked jungle towards their objective,
334
00:43:40,140 --> 00:43:42,580
the unfinished air field less than a mile inland.
335
00:43:44,460 --> 00:43:48,170
Tregaskis follows, armed only with a notebook and a pen.
336
00:43:53,180 --> 00:43:59,090
"The jungle is a pestilential hell-hole, the
air is sick, oppressively hot and humid.
337
00:44:00,110 --> 00:44:06,390
Rainforest block out the sun and the undergrowth
gives off a strange kind of vile smell.
338
00:44:15,200 --> 00:44:16,110
...get down!
339
00:44:17,980 --> 00:44:20,780
It soon becomes apparent that marines are not alone.
340
00:44:21,480 --> 00:44:27,270
Japanese snipers expertly camouflage in the
dense brush, take shots at the marines.
341
00:44:28,270 --> 00:44:30,520
"Snipers are everywhere and nowhere.
342
00:44:31,770 --> 00:44:35,490
A man falls after being shot in
the leg and no one sees who shot.
343
00:44:36,610 --> 00:44:39,595
One grump comes up to me and says:
I wish those god-damned Japs
344
00:44:39,596 --> 00:44:42,580
would come out and fight, all
they do is running to the jungle.
345
00:44:45,550 --> 00:44:49,990
But now we have another unavoidable hell: night time.
346
00:44:52,010 --> 00:44:54,630
This is the Jap's island and they know it well.
347
00:44:56,420 --> 00:45:00,170
Will they slip inside our perimeter and
slit our throat in the middle of the night?
348
00:45:01,260 --> 00:45:05,230
Attack on entire group? Or just pick us off one by one?
349
00:45:06,180 --> 00:45:10,490
We dig foxholes in the ground. Everyone is jittery.
350
00:45:12,120 --> 00:45:14,140
The sentries are firing at every noise.
351
00:45:20,970 --> 00:45:22,900
Who knows what's out there."
352
00:45:29,810 --> 00:45:32,890
Early on the second day,
the marines push through
353
00:45:32,891 --> 00:45:35,970
the jungle towards the
crushed coral airstrip.
354
00:45:49,690 --> 00:45:55,740
As they close in on the field, they
are met once again with silence.
355
00:46:02,040 --> 00:46:07,900
The Japanese, the masters of surprise warfare,
have themselves been caught by surprise.
356
00:46:09,530 --> 00:46:12,680
Panicked by the previous day's
bombardment and aerial bombing,
357
00:46:13,160 --> 00:46:16,440
their units have fled inland,
abandoning the unfinished air field.
358
00:46:18,490 --> 00:46:22,420
By 18:00 hours, the marines declare it secured.
359
00:46:33,310 --> 00:46:35,700
But the enemy is not ready to surrender.
360
00:46:45,060 --> 00:46:48,195
From their naval base at
Rabaul 600 miles to the
361
00:46:48,196 --> 00:46:51,330
north, the Japanese launch
a massive counter-attack.
362
00:47:04,300 --> 00:47:08,720
That night, the Japanese navy delivers
a devastating blow to out fleet.
363
00:47:18,740 --> 00:47:22,250
As an immense battle erupts
off-shore, the marines on
364
00:47:22,251 --> 00:47:25,760
Guadalcanal can do little but
take cover and wait the outcome.
365
00:47:37,040 --> 00:47:40,650
"We hear the booming of
the guns, it occurs to me
366
00:47:40,651 --> 00:47:44,260
that fate of all of us
hangs on that sea battle.
367
00:47:45,080 --> 00:47:48,590
If our navy loses, the Japs will be ashore before morning.
368
00:47:49,640 --> 00:47:53,050
It's terrible to feel so dependant.
369
00:47:55,840 --> 00:48:00,180
I get the awful feeling of
being pitifully small, just a
370
00:48:00,181 --> 00:48:04,520
tiny particle caught up in the
gigantic whirlpool of war."
371
00:48:10,830 --> 00:48:16,530
Come morning, the marines can see the smoke
the twisted wreckage of 4 heavy cruisers
372
00:48:16,870 --> 00:48:22,180
and burnt oil-soaked bodies of American sailors
floating in the waters of Guadalcanal.
373
00:48:25,150 --> 00:48:28,545
And when they search the horizon
for the aircraft carriers that
374
00:48:28,546 --> 00:48:31,940
have covered their landing, they
see nothing but empty ocean.
375
00:48:40,420 --> 00:48:43,385
The American naval commander
has left one day earlier
376
00:48:43,386 --> 00:48:46,350
than planned to protect its
irreplaceable carriers.
377
00:48:46,990 --> 00:48:51,030
Left without air cover, the transports
in the bay has also withdrawn
378
00:48:51,600 --> 00:48:54,850
taking with them the rest
of the supplies and nearly
379
00:48:54,851 --> 00:48:58,100
2,000 additional men that
were supposed to be landed.
380
00:49:02,360 --> 00:49:05,840
The marines on shore are alone, isolated and abandoned.
381
00:49:08,080 --> 00:49:14,230
Without adequate food, ammunition or
medicine, and without naval or air cover,
382
00:49:14,790 --> 00:49:17,440
they are at the mercy of enemy attacks.
383
00:49:23,540 --> 00:49:28,500
"The officers are jittering, they
talk like magpies far into the night,
384
00:49:29,220 --> 00:49:31,530
wondering when Jap counter-attack will come.
385
00:49:38,260 --> 00:49:40,120
It's like Bataan all over again.37889
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