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[bus tires hissing,
door closing]
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00:00:16,367 --> 00:00:19,433
[applause]
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00:00:24,033 --> 00:00:27,033
Martin: There comes a time
when time itself
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00:00:27,033 --> 00:00:28,600
is ready for a change.
5
00:00:28,600 --> 00:00:29,900
all: Yes.
6
00:00:29,900 --> 00:00:32,500
Martin: And that time has come
in Montgomery.
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00:00:32,500 --> 00:00:35,500
["Sweet Home Alabama"]
8
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[upbeat rock music]
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♪ ♪
10
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all: ♪ Ooh, hoo, hoo ♪
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00:00:54,333 --> 00:00:57,800
man: ♪ Big wheels
keep on turnin' ♪
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00:00:57,800 --> 00:00:59,734
♪ ♪
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00:00:59,734 --> 00:01:02,867
♪ Carry me home
to see my kin ♪
14
00:01:02,867 --> 00:01:05,100
♪ ♪
15
00:01:05,100 --> 00:01:08,400
♪ Singin' songs
about the Southland ♪
16
00:01:08,400 --> 00:01:10,300
♪ ♪
17
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♪ I miss ole 'Bamy once again ♪
18
00:01:12,667 --> 00:01:15,600
♪ And I think it's a sin,
yes ♪
19
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children: ♪ Keep the faith ♪
20
00:01:16,800 --> 00:01:18,500
man: ♪ We got
to keep the faith ♪
21
00:01:18,500 --> 00:01:19,633
♪ Keep the faith ♪
22
00:01:19,633 --> 00:01:21,100
♪ We're gonna keep the faith ♪
23
00:01:21,100 --> 00:01:22,600
♪ Keep the faith ♪
24
00:01:22,600 --> 00:01:24,900
♪ Keep the faith,
kee-kee-kee-keep ♪
25
00:01:24,900 --> 00:01:26,233
♪ Yeah ♪
26
00:01:26,233 --> 00:01:29,867
♪ In Birmingham,
they love the governor ♪
27
00:01:29,867 --> 00:01:31,567
all: ♪ Whoo, hoo, hoo ♪
28
00:01:31,567 --> 00:01:34,467
man: ♪ Now we all did
what we could do ♪
29
00:01:34,467 --> 00:01:36,734
♪ ♪
30
00:01:36,734 --> 00:01:40,900
♪ Now Watergate
does not bother me ♪
31
00:01:40,900 --> 00:01:42,367
♪ ♪
32
00:01:42,367 --> 00:01:44,867
♪ Does your conscience
bother you? ♪
33
00:01:44,867 --> 00:01:46,300
♪ Now, tell the truth ♪
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♪ ♪
35
00:01:50,033 --> 00:01:54,200
all: ♪ Sweet home Alabama ♪
36
00:01:54,200 --> 00:01:55,567
♪ ♪
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00:01:55,567 --> 00:01:59,600
♪ Where the skies
are always blue ♪
38
00:01:59,600 --> 00:02:01,033
♪ ♪
39
00:02:01,033 --> 00:02:04,367
♪ Sweet home Alabama ♪
40
00:02:04,367 --> 00:02:05,700
♪ ♪
41
00:02:07,667 --> 00:02:08,900
♪ Sweet home ♪
42
00:02:08,900 --> 00:02:11,433
- I got the right
to sit here!
43
00:02:11,433 --> 00:02:14,600
Leave me alone!
Leave me alone!
44
00:02:14,600 --> 00:02:18,867
all: ♪ Alabama ♪
45
00:02:33,767 --> 00:02:36,767
[tense music]
46
00:02:36,767 --> 00:02:44,834
♪ ♪
47
00:03:08,567 --> 00:03:16,633
♪ ♪
48
00:03:19,667 --> 00:03:22,700
[dramatic music]
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00:03:22,700 --> 00:03:25,033
♪ ♪
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00:03:25,033 --> 00:03:28,100
[yelling]
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00:03:33,500 --> 00:03:35,700
man: Gonna need that seat.
52
00:03:35,700 --> 00:03:37,433
Need that seat.
53
00:03:37,433 --> 00:03:40,166
Go on, move back
to the colored section.
54
00:03:43,166 --> 00:03:44,467
Move.
55
00:03:44,467 --> 00:03:46,133
- No.
56
00:03:49,567 --> 00:03:52,633
[all talking at once]
57
00:03:55,567 --> 00:03:57,400
I am sitting
in no man's land.
58
00:03:57,400 --> 00:04:00,266
It's not white.
It's not colored.
59
00:04:00,266 --> 00:04:01,734
Anybody can sit here.
60
00:04:01,734 --> 00:04:04,934
- By my discretion,
and I am telling you to move.
61
00:04:04,934 --> 00:04:06,533
I got to enforce
the segregation laws.
62
00:04:06,533 --> 00:04:07,934
[echoing] It's my duty.
63
00:04:10,166 --> 00:04:11,967
A white person
wants this seat.
64
00:04:11,967 --> 00:04:14,533
woman: [echoing]
She's the one.
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00:04:14,533 --> 00:04:16,500
[tense music]
66
00:04:16,500 --> 00:04:19,066
- You go on.
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00:04:19,066 --> 00:04:20,600
You do what you got to do.
68
00:04:20,600 --> 00:04:24,033
[dramatic percussive music]
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00:04:24,033 --> 00:04:32,133
♪ ♪
70
00:04:39,667 --> 00:04:42,967
people: [echoing]
She's the one.
71
00:04:42,967 --> 00:04:46,233
She's the one.
She's the one.
72
00:05:03,700 --> 00:05:06,834
[Nat King Cole's
"Walkin' My Baby Back Home"]
73
00:05:06,834 --> 00:05:09,834
[relaxed jazz music]
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00:05:09,834 --> 00:05:11,100
♪ ♪
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00:05:11,100 --> 00:05:12,600
- Come on, baby.
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00:05:12,600 --> 00:05:14,000
Nat King Cole:
♪ Gee, it's great ♪
77
00:05:14,000 --> 00:05:16,567
♪ After bein' out late ♪
78
00:05:16,567 --> 00:05:20,934
♪ Walkin' my baby back home ♪
79
00:05:20,934 --> 00:05:25,266
♪ Arm in arm
over meadow and farm ♪
80
00:05:25,266 --> 00:05:29,500
♪ Walkin' my baby back home ♪
81
00:05:29,500 --> 00:05:33,667
♪ We go 'long
harmonizing a song ♪
82
00:05:33,667 --> 00:05:38,266
♪ Or I'm recitin'
a poem ♪
83
00:05:38,266 --> 00:05:42,567
♪ Owls go by,
and they give me the eye ♪
84
00:05:42,567 --> 00:05:46,400
♪ Walkin' my baby back home ♪
85
00:05:46,400 --> 00:05:48,834
♪ We stop for a while ♪
86
00:05:48,834 --> 00:05:50,900
♪ She gives me a smile ♪
87
00:05:50,900 --> 00:05:52,500
♪ And snuggles her head
on my chest ♪
88
00:05:52,500 --> 00:05:54,867
[baby crying]
89
00:05:54,867 --> 00:05:56,967
♪ We start in to pet ♪
90
00:05:56,967 --> 00:06:00,066
♪ And that's when I get ♪
91
00:06:00,066 --> 00:06:03,734
♪ Her talcum
all over my vest ♪
92
00:06:03,734 --> 00:06:08,266
♪ After I kinda
straighten my tie ♪
93
00:06:08,266 --> 00:06:11,133
♪ She has to borrow my comb ♪
94
00:06:12,200 --> 00:06:14,967
- Mr. Parks,
we have a real chance here
95
00:06:14,967 --> 00:06:16,834
to challenge
the bus segregation law.
96
00:06:16,834 --> 00:06:19,166
- Your wife is smart.
She's educated.
97
00:06:19,166 --> 00:06:22,400
- You and Mrs. Parks are so
well-respected in the community.
98
00:06:22,400 --> 00:06:23,667
woman: Why, she's been
the secretary
99
00:06:23,667 --> 00:06:26,333
of the Montgomery NAACP
for the past ten years.
100
00:06:26,333 --> 00:06:28,400
- She'd be most impressive
to a white jury.
101
00:06:28,400 --> 00:06:30,033
- We've been down
this road before,
102
00:06:30,033 --> 00:06:32,333
and Rosa is
the perfect plaintiff.
103
00:06:32,333 --> 00:06:35,867
- Raymond, you have struggled
with us all these years.
104
00:06:35,867 --> 00:06:37,800
Now here's a chance
for some good
105
00:06:37,800 --> 00:06:39,233
to finally come of it all.
106
00:06:39,233 --> 00:06:42,000
- Ain't no good gonna come
out of this situation.
107
00:06:42,000 --> 00:06:43,500
Now, you mark my words.
108
00:06:47,367 --> 00:06:49,600
- Please excuse us,
just for a moment.
109
00:06:52,967 --> 00:06:55,567
Please excuse us.
110
00:06:55,567 --> 00:06:58,300
Raymond, I'm asking you
to support me.
111
00:07:00,800 --> 00:07:02,600
- You're asking,
112
00:07:02,600 --> 00:07:04,900
or is your mind made up?
113
00:07:09,066 --> 00:07:10,500
- Both things.
114
00:07:16,900 --> 00:07:19,934
- If they ever find out
we using state property...
115
00:07:19,934 --> 00:07:21,433
- I know.
- To run off these leaflets...
116
00:07:21,433 --> 00:07:22,900
- We will both be fired.
117
00:07:22,900 --> 00:07:25,600
This is our best opportunity
to start a boycott,
118
00:07:25,600 --> 00:07:27,266
and we're gonna do it.
119
00:07:27,266 --> 00:07:28,700
- You discussed this
with Mr. Nixon?
120
00:07:28,700 --> 00:07:30,200
- Well,
not in as many words.
121
00:07:30,200 --> 00:07:32,000
- Then we don't even know
for sure
122
00:07:32,000 --> 00:07:34,934
if there is gonna be
a bus boycott on Monday.
123
00:07:34,934 --> 00:07:36,934
- Oh, now,
there will be a boycott.
124
00:07:36,934 --> 00:07:38,200
You can count on that.
125
00:07:40,000 --> 00:07:42,066
- Coretta, honey, give me
that baby so you can eat.
126
00:07:42,066 --> 00:07:44,000
- Are you sure,
Juanita?
127
00:07:44,000 --> 00:07:45,633
- See, the problem is,
brother,
128
00:07:45,633 --> 00:07:48,133
you've been working
a little too hard.
129
00:07:48,133 --> 00:07:50,033
- Come here, you're so precious.
Abernathy: It's a sermon.
130
00:07:50,033 --> 00:07:52,967
It's not some
doctoral dissertation.
131
00:07:52,967 --> 00:07:55,166
[chuckles]
132
00:07:55,166 --> 00:07:56,467
Let me demonstrate this
for you.
133
00:07:56,467 --> 00:07:58,800
What you do, you get up
in front of the pulpit,
134
00:07:58,800 --> 00:08:02,633
you get a nice look around,
see all the people,
135
00:08:02,633 --> 00:08:05,667
fill your lungs
with a whole mess of air,
136
00:08:05,667 --> 00:08:09,967
turn yourself heavenward and--
and let that Spirit fill you,
137
00:08:09,967 --> 00:08:11,500
and then...
[hums]
138
00:08:11,500 --> 00:08:13,200
[laughter]
- Wow, wow.
139
00:08:13,200 --> 00:08:16,400
- And whatever come flyin' out,
that's what you say!
140
00:08:16,400 --> 00:08:18,300
- No, no, no,
not at my church,
141
00:08:18,300 --> 00:08:19,967
not at Dexter Baptist.
142
00:08:19,967 --> 00:08:21,700
Folks over there
don't go in for a whole lot
143
00:08:21,700 --> 00:08:23,066
of hootin' and hollerin'.
144
00:08:23,066 --> 00:08:26,066
- Mm-mm, folks at Dexter Baptist
are kind of fancy.
145
00:08:26,066 --> 00:08:27,533
Now, at Ralph's church--
146
00:08:27,533 --> 00:08:29,700
- They're downright noisy
147
00:08:29,700 --> 00:08:31,500
and rude sometimes.
148
00:08:31,500 --> 00:08:33,233
You can't get through
half of your sermon
149
00:08:33,233 --> 00:08:34,700
without them causing a ruckus.
150
00:08:34,700 --> 00:08:37,033
- That fellow who shines shoes
over at the barbershop
151
00:08:37,033 --> 00:08:39,133
is a member of your church,
I think, Ralph.
152
00:08:39,133 --> 00:08:42,633
He said, uh, "Reverend King,
you just should've heard
153
00:08:42,633 --> 00:08:44,734
"Reverend Abernathy last Sunday.
154
00:08:44,734 --> 00:08:48,033
"He just preached
his you-know-what off.
155
00:08:48,033 --> 00:08:51,700
He--he was just--oh,
just amazing out there."
156
00:08:51,700 --> 00:08:53,800
I said, "Well, what did
Reverend Abernathy say?"
157
00:08:53,800 --> 00:08:56,633
And he said, "I don't
recall what he said,
158
00:08:56,633 --> 00:08:58,433
but, brother, we laughed."
159
00:08:58,433 --> 00:09:01,133
[laughter]
160
00:09:01,133 --> 00:09:02,433
Nixon:
What about the ministers?
161
00:09:02,433 --> 00:09:04,233
- Oh, Brother Ed,
you know our ministers.
162
00:09:04,233 --> 00:09:07,066
They're well-fed,
comfortable men
163
00:09:07,066 --> 00:09:08,500
with good shoes.
164
00:09:08,500 --> 00:09:10,333
Ain't one of them
ever even been on a bus.
165
00:09:10,333 --> 00:09:11,667
Boycott, sir.
166
00:09:11,667 --> 00:09:13,633
- We got two days
to tell every Negro
167
00:09:13,633 --> 00:09:16,934
in Montgomery to stay
off of the buses.
168
00:09:16,934 --> 00:09:18,400
One of them's a Sunday.
169
00:09:18,400 --> 00:09:20,100
I don't see how we can do that
without the ministers.
170
00:09:20,100 --> 00:09:21,266
- Well--
hey, hey, young man.
171
00:09:21,266 --> 00:09:22,333
Now, take this home here.
172
00:09:22,333 --> 00:09:24,200
Nobody rides the buses Monday.
173
00:09:24,200 --> 00:09:25,567
Got that?
- Bus boycott on Monday.
174
00:09:25,567 --> 00:09:28,100
We can't succeed unless
we have their support.
175
00:09:28,100 --> 00:09:31,133
[phone ringing]
176
00:09:36,033 --> 00:09:37,800
- Hello, E.D.
177
00:09:41,900 --> 00:09:43,433
Well, that's very interesting.
178
00:09:48,867 --> 00:09:51,300
Boycotts work, Coretta.
179
00:09:51,300 --> 00:09:52,567
It worked in Baton Rouge,
180
00:09:52,567 --> 00:09:56,700
and Rosa Parks' trial
is on Monday.
181
00:09:56,700 --> 00:09:58,533
People want to call
attention to it.
182
00:09:58,533 --> 00:10:00,767
- Now, why are they having
the meeting at your church?
183
00:10:00,767 --> 00:10:01,900
- E.D. asked.
184
00:10:01,900 --> 00:10:03,667
He thought it'd be
neutral ground.
185
00:10:03,667 --> 00:10:05,400
- Neutral ground?
186
00:10:05,400 --> 00:10:08,467
- And we have
a nicer meeting room.
187
00:10:08,467 --> 00:10:10,600
- Martin,
you're a new pastor
188
00:10:10,600 --> 00:10:12,233
and a new father.
189
00:10:12,233 --> 00:10:14,333
And we agreed
that you wouldn't
190
00:10:14,333 --> 00:10:16,333
take on too many
responsibilities.
191
00:10:16,333 --> 00:10:18,934
- But as a pastor,
this is part of what I do.
192
00:10:23,967 --> 00:10:26,300
It's just a meeting.
193
00:10:26,300 --> 00:10:27,800
- Uh-huh.
194
00:10:31,100 --> 00:10:32,300
- Where were we?
Where were we?
195
00:10:32,300 --> 00:10:33,400
We were talking about--
196
00:10:33,400 --> 00:10:35,300
- I thought we came here
to talk about boycotts.
197
00:10:35,300 --> 00:10:36,333
[all talking at once]
198
00:10:36,333 --> 00:10:38,900
- We only have two days
to get everyone--
199
00:10:38,900 --> 00:10:40,166
- So what I think we ought to--
200
00:10:40,166 --> 00:10:42,433
I'd like to make
a motion, all right?
201
00:10:42,433 --> 00:10:44,467
[gavel pounds]
- Ah.
202
00:10:44,467 --> 00:10:45,800
The motion is denied.
203
00:10:45,800 --> 00:10:48,667
- I didn't make the motion yet.
- Well, you were fixin' to.
204
00:10:48,667 --> 00:10:50,500
man: See, that's what happen.
- All right.
205
00:10:50,500 --> 00:10:52,200
- Welcome to Montgomery,
brother.
206
00:10:52,200 --> 00:10:53,800
- I'd like to make
a motion that we elect
207
00:10:53,800 --> 00:10:55,400
ourselves a board.
208
00:10:55,400 --> 00:10:56,734
Get our--
- Denied.
209
00:10:56,734 --> 00:10:58,867
- But, now, Reverend,
I mean,
210
00:10:58,867 --> 00:11:00,633
point of order here.
211
00:11:00,633 --> 00:11:02,400
Banyon: Denied.
- Oh, come on, now.
212
00:11:02,400 --> 00:11:05,133
- Sister Robinson,
I know how to run a boycott.
213
00:11:05,133 --> 00:11:06,367
- He sure does.
214
00:11:06,367 --> 00:11:08,066
He's about to start one
right now.
215
00:11:08,066 --> 00:11:09,734
Folks gonna boycott
the boycott.
216
00:11:09,734 --> 00:11:11,166
man: I have a question.
217
00:11:11,166 --> 00:11:13,500
How are folks
supposed to get to work?
218
00:11:13,500 --> 00:11:15,467
man: Oh, good Lord, this is
no time for questions, man.
219
00:11:15,467 --> 00:11:16,967
This is a time for action.
220
00:11:16,967 --> 00:11:18,734
man: Well, that's--
that's a legitimate question.
221
00:11:18,734 --> 00:11:20,767
That's a legitimate question.
222
00:11:20,767 --> 00:11:22,967
- I just want to say, we gonna
need a leader eventually,
223
00:11:22,967 --> 00:11:26,367
and since I have the largest
congregation here...
224
00:11:26,367 --> 00:11:28,266
- We're not ready
for nothing like that.
225
00:11:28,266 --> 00:11:31,266
[all talking at once]
226
00:11:31,266 --> 00:11:33,633
man: That's why I say
I nominate my church...
227
00:11:33,633 --> 00:11:35,200
- I'd like to leave too,
brother,
228
00:11:35,200 --> 00:11:36,467
but it's my church.
229
00:11:36,467 --> 00:11:39,700
- Brothers and sisters,
brother--can--can we simplify--
230
00:11:39,700 --> 00:11:41,266
brothers and sisters,
please,
231
00:11:41,266 --> 00:11:42,533
can I get your attention
for a minute?
232
00:11:42,533 --> 00:11:44,000
[people shushing,
man speaks indistinctly]
233
00:11:44,000 --> 00:11:46,967
Now, look,
can we just simply agree
234
00:11:46,967 --> 00:11:49,367
for a one-day boycott
of the buses?
235
00:11:49,367 --> 00:11:54,533
Just one day just to see
what happens, okay?
236
00:11:55,667 --> 00:11:58,734
[dog barking]
237
00:12:08,433 --> 00:12:11,166
- Martin.
238
00:12:11,166 --> 00:12:13,133
Martin, here it comes.
239
00:12:23,133 --> 00:12:25,333
- It's empty.
240
00:12:25,333 --> 00:12:26,834
- It's empty.
241
00:12:26,834 --> 00:12:28,767
man: ♪ Comin' for
to carry me home ♪
242
00:12:28,767 --> 00:12:31,533
- It's empty,
not a soul.
243
00:12:31,533 --> 00:12:34,867
- Good morning,
Reverend King, Mrs. King!
244
00:12:34,867 --> 00:12:36,633
- Good morning.
245
00:12:36,633 --> 00:12:38,233
- A very good morning.
246
00:12:38,233 --> 00:12:39,967
- Good day for walkin'.
247
00:12:39,967 --> 00:12:41,200
Martin: Yes, yes.
248
00:12:41,200 --> 00:12:43,367
Sweetheart,
249
00:12:43,367 --> 00:12:45,467
you might want to go on inside
and get dressed.
250
00:12:45,467 --> 00:12:49,033
man: ♪ Going home,
going home ♪
251
00:12:49,033 --> 00:12:50,700
♪ Comin' for to carry me home ♪
252
00:12:50,700 --> 00:12:52,500
man: ♪ Comin' for
to carry me ♪
253
00:12:52,500 --> 00:12:55,233
♪ ♪
254
00:12:55,233 --> 00:13:00,133
[man scatting]
255
00:13:00,133 --> 00:13:03,133
[percussive music]
256
00:13:03,133 --> 00:13:06,633
♪ ♪
257
00:13:06,633 --> 00:13:08,333
- They gave me this
258
00:13:08,333 --> 00:13:11,333
and said Negroes are supposed
to stay off the bus.
259
00:13:13,200 --> 00:13:16,266
[bus engine revving]
260
00:13:25,734 --> 00:13:30,367
♪ ♪
261
00:13:30,367 --> 00:13:32,633
- "If you work,
262
00:13:32,633 --> 00:13:34,767
"take a cab or walk,
263
00:13:34,767 --> 00:13:37,767
"but please,
children and grown-ups,
264
00:13:37,767 --> 00:13:41,266
don't get on a bus at all
on Monday."
265
00:13:41,266 --> 00:13:44,667
Dizzy Gillespie: ♪ Swing low,
sweet Cadillac ♪
266
00:13:44,667 --> 00:13:48,033
♪ Comin' for to carry me home ♪
267
00:13:48,033 --> 00:13:51,300
♪ Swing low,
sweet Cadillac ♪
268
00:13:51,300 --> 00:13:54,633
♪ Comin' for to carry me home ♪
269
00:13:54,633 --> 00:13:58,166
♪ I looked over Jordan,
and what did I see? ♪
270
00:13:58,166 --> 00:14:00,934
♪ Comin' for to carry me home ♪
271
00:14:00,934 --> 00:14:04,900
♪ Oh, an El Dorado
comin' after me ♪
272
00:14:04,900 --> 00:14:07,500
♪ Comin' for to carry me home ♪
273
00:14:07,500 --> 00:14:10,500
[upbeat jazz music]
274
00:14:10,500 --> 00:14:18,567
♪ ♪
275
00:14:28,700 --> 00:14:30,266
- What?
- We got a ambush.
276
00:14:30,266 --> 00:14:32,033
- Quiet.
We got an ambush going.
277
00:14:38,100 --> 00:14:40,934
[all yelling]
278
00:14:40,934 --> 00:14:42,834
- Based on the evidence
presented here this morning,
279
00:14:42,834 --> 00:14:45,500
I find you, Rosa Parks,
guilty of violating
280
00:14:45,500 --> 00:14:47,500
the state segregation statute,
281
00:14:47,500 --> 00:14:49,367
and I hereby fine you $10,
282
00:14:49,367 --> 00:14:51,400
plus $4 court cost.
283
00:14:51,400 --> 00:14:54,667
Gray: Your Honor, Mrs. Parks
will refuse to pay the fine
284
00:14:54,667 --> 00:14:57,100
and hereby notices her appeal.
285
00:14:57,100 --> 00:14:58,367
judge: Very well.
286
00:14:58,367 --> 00:15:02,066
I'm setting her appeal bond
at $100.
287
00:15:02,066 --> 00:15:03,667
Pay the clerk.
288
00:15:03,667 --> 00:15:05,000
[gavel pounds]
289
00:15:05,000 --> 00:15:07,900
- Folks just gonna have
to get smart and join the Klan.
290
00:15:07,900 --> 00:15:09,200
[overlapping conversations]
291
00:15:09,200 --> 00:15:11,133
man: Order!
292
00:15:11,133 --> 00:15:13,533
[gavel pounds]
Order.
293
00:15:17,100 --> 00:15:19,967
Order!
294
00:15:19,967 --> 00:15:22,133
Now, there's
a motion on the floor
295
00:15:22,133 --> 00:15:24,900
to suspend the boycott.
296
00:15:24,900 --> 00:15:26,700
[all talking at once]
297
00:15:26,700 --> 00:15:29,734
- Now, now, it's too soon
to quit, now.
298
00:15:29,734 --> 00:15:30,834
It's too soon to quit.
299
00:15:30,834 --> 00:15:32,467
Huh, now, we just
getting started.
300
00:15:32,467 --> 00:15:33,400
- That's right.
- That's right.
301
00:15:33,400 --> 00:15:35,000
- Now, I tell you
what we need to do.
302
00:15:35,000 --> 00:15:36,934
We need to have a little bit
more faith in our people
303
00:15:36,934 --> 00:15:38,000
and ourselves.
304
00:15:38,000 --> 00:15:39,133
- That's right.
305
00:15:39,133 --> 00:15:40,934
Banyon: Order!
306
00:15:40,934 --> 00:15:42,300
Order!
307
00:15:42,300 --> 00:15:44,900
[all talking at once,
people clapping]
308
00:15:44,900 --> 00:15:46,767
- We--
[gavel pounds]
309
00:15:46,767 --> 00:15:48,934
Now, now,
we talkin' about
310
00:15:48,934 --> 00:15:51,033
whether or not
to end the boycott.
311
00:15:51,033 --> 00:15:53,166
Now, that's putting the cart
before the horse.
312
00:15:53,166 --> 00:15:56,333
What we need to be talkin' about
is electing us a leader
313
00:15:56,333 --> 00:15:58,233
to represent us;
then we can go on...
314
00:15:58,233 --> 00:16:00,834
- He's had his eyes
on that seat for a while.
315
00:16:00,834 --> 00:16:02,300
- You think?
316
00:16:02,300 --> 00:16:03,900
- Somebody to negotiate
with the city
317
00:16:03,900 --> 00:16:05,066
and present our demands.
318
00:16:05,066 --> 00:16:06,567
- I like him, though.
- Mm.
319
00:16:06,567 --> 00:16:08,233
- Old union man.
320
00:16:08,233 --> 00:16:09,834
- Christ, Lewis,
I don't care.
321
00:16:09,834 --> 00:16:11,033
I got something to say!
322
00:16:11,033 --> 00:16:12,200
- You don't have the floor.
- Now...
323
00:16:12,200 --> 00:16:14,266
- Rufus Lewis,
he's a--
324
00:16:14,266 --> 00:16:17,300
what you might say
a man of the classes.
325
00:16:17,300 --> 00:16:18,600
- Now, you ministers
have been living off
326
00:16:18,600 --> 00:16:20,600
these washwomen
for the last 100 years
327
00:16:20,600 --> 00:16:22,600
and ain't done nothing
for 'em.
328
00:16:22,600 --> 00:16:25,033
- These are men
of the masses.
329
00:16:25,033 --> 00:16:26,066
Nixon: Let's tell the truth.
330
00:16:26,066 --> 00:16:29,734
Let's tell the truth.
Let's tell the truth!
331
00:16:29,734 --> 00:16:32,333
It's our women
who've been carrying the torch.
332
00:16:32,333 --> 00:16:34,600
It's our women
who've been getting arrested
333
00:16:34,600 --> 00:16:36,800
while y'all hide behind
their skirts
334
00:16:36,800 --> 00:16:38,700
like a bunch of damn cowards!
335
00:16:38,700 --> 00:16:41,834
Martin: Brother Nixon,
Brother Nixon, Brother Nixon.
336
00:16:41,834 --> 00:16:45,033
Brother Nixon, uh, I'm not
a coward, and I don't want
337
00:16:45,033 --> 00:16:47,667
anybody calling me a coward,
but I agree with you.
338
00:16:47,667 --> 00:16:50,133
Uh, the time has come
to stop hiding.
339
00:16:50,133 --> 00:16:52,800
Now, uh, Mrs. Parks
didn't hide this morning
340
00:16:52,800 --> 00:16:56,233
before that judge,
and we should act openly.
341
00:16:56,233 --> 00:16:58,233
Now, as for the question
of whether or not
342
00:16:58,233 --> 00:17:01,800
to suspend the boycott,
well, it seems to me
343
00:17:01,800 --> 00:17:03,300
that ought to be left up
to the folks
344
00:17:03,300 --> 00:17:04,734
who attend that meeting tonight.
345
00:17:04,734 --> 00:17:08,066
After all, they're the ones who
gonna be doing that walking.
346
00:17:08,066 --> 00:17:12,266
[all talking at once]
347
00:17:12,266 --> 00:17:15,266
- While I respect
Mr. Nixon's years
348
00:17:15,266 --> 00:17:19,533
of service to the struggle,
I feel
349
00:17:19,533 --> 00:17:25,233
we need a minister
to unite our entire community.
350
00:17:25,233 --> 00:17:29,066
I think he ought to be,
uh, a young man,
351
00:17:29,066 --> 00:17:31,266
a strong man.
352
00:17:31,266 --> 00:17:33,233
'Cause we know this job
353
00:17:33,233 --> 00:17:35,934
is gonna take
a lot of energy.
354
00:17:35,934 --> 00:17:37,033
man: Amen, that's right.
355
00:17:37,033 --> 00:17:40,867
- Therefore,
I nominate,
356
00:17:40,867 --> 00:17:46,000
as president of the Montgomery
Improvement Association,
357
00:17:46,000 --> 00:17:48,500
Reverend Martin Luther King Jr.
358
00:17:49,633 --> 00:17:52,100
[people murmuring
unintelligibly]
359
00:17:56,767 --> 00:17:59,533
May I have a second
on my nomination?
360
00:18:03,800 --> 00:18:06,266
[people murmuring
unintelligibly]
361
00:18:06,266 --> 00:18:08,266
- Yeah, I second
that nomination.
362
00:18:08,266 --> 00:18:10,667
Lewis: Why, thank you,
Reverend Abernathy.
363
00:18:12,467 --> 00:18:14,734
[light piano music]
364
00:18:14,734 --> 00:18:16,533
Abernathy: You ain't see
that one comin', did you?
365
00:18:16,533 --> 00:18:18,233
Martin: No, Ralph,
not at all.
366
00:18:18,233 --> 00:18:21,033
- You the perfect choice.
367
00:18:21,033 --> 00:18:24,734
You been in Montgomery,
what, a year?
368
00:18:24,734 --> 00:18:27,934
That ain't nearly long enough
to make any real enemies.
369
00:18:27,934 --> 00:18:30,967
- So you don't think they think
I'm the best man for the job?
370
00:18:30,967 --> 00:18:32,133
- No, of course they do.
371
00:18:32,133 --> 00:18:34,233
'Cause you fail,
372
00:18:34,233 --> 00:18:36,500
ain't they ass
in the ringer, is it?
373
00:18:36,500 --> 00:18:39,400
It's yours.
374
00:18:39,400 --> 00:18:42,166
Who are you, anyway?
375
00:18:42,166 --> 00:18:45,834
Just some young hotshot preacher
from Atlanta
376
00:18:45,834 --> 00:18:47,667
with a big old
divinity degree
377
00:18:47,667 --> 00:18:50,867
from some fancy
Northern university.
378
00:18:50,867 --> 00:18:52,767
You're just an outsider,
brother,
379
00:18:52,767 --> 00:18:54,700
with a powerful daddy.
380
00:18:54,700 --> 00:18:57,166
They'll send you home and be
back to business as usual.
381
00:18:57,166 --> 00:18:58,934
- You think so, huh?
- Uh-huh.
382
00:18:58,934 --> 00:19:00,133
- Well, thank you, Ralph.
383
00:19:00,133 --> 00:19:01,567
- You're very welcome.
384
00:19:01,567 --> 00:19:03,400
You worried
about leading this thing?
385
00:19:03,400 --> 00:19:04,600
- No.
386
00:19:04,600 --> 00:19:06,767
I'm worried about
telling this woman.
387
00:19:08,300 --> 00:19:09,834
- And what did you say?
388
00:19:09,834 --> 00:19:11,467
- I said yes.
389
00:19:11,467 --> 00:19:13,033
- You said yes?
390
00:19:13,033 --> 00:19:14,266
- I said yes.
391
00:19:14,266 --> 00:19:15,367
I didn't ask for it.
392
00:19:15,367 --> 00:19:18,533
Uh, I just made
393
00:19:18,533 --> 00:19:20,333
a few remarks
394
00:19:20,333 --> 00:19:21,867
to clarify a situation,
395
00:19:21,867 --> 00:19:23,233
and before I knew it...
396
00:19:23,233 --> 00:19:25,266
- You were trying to bite off
a little piece,
397
00:19:25,266 --> 00:19:27,266
and you wound up
with the whole pie.
398
00:19:27,266 --> 00:19:29,800
- That's more or less
what happened.
399
00:19:30,900 --> 00:19:33,100
- Let's have dinner.
400
00:19:33,100 --> 00:19:35,166
Martin: No.
401
00:19:35,166 --> 00:19:36,533
No time.
402
00:19:36,533 --> 00:19:38,633
I have to give this
speech in an hour,
403
00:19:38,633 --> 00:19:41,600
and you know it usually takes me
two days for my sermons.
404
00:19:41,600 --> 00:19:44,500
Mm, now I've only got--
good Lord.
405
00:19:48,734 --> 00:19:51,867
- You'll think of something.
406
00:19:51,867 --> 00:19:54,166
You always do.
407
00:19:54,166 --> 00:19:57,133
[clock ticking]
408
00:19:57,133 --> 00:20:00,133
[dramatic music]
409
00:20:00,133 --> 00:20:08,233
♪ ♪
410
00:20:12,934 --> 00:20:16,166
[clock ticking]
411
00:20:16,166 --> 00:20:22,266
♪ ♪
412
00:20:22,266 --> 00:20:24,266
- Now, brothers and sisters,
today I want you
413
00:20:24,266 --> 00:20:26,934
to put on the whole armor
of God.
414
00:20:26,934 --> 00:20:28,967
The whole armor of God!
415
00:20:28,967 --> 00:20:30,000
all: Yes!
416
00:20:30,000 --> 00:20:33,033
[train whistle blowing]
417
00:20:36,700 --> 00:20:38,900
- Against the wrong
done against you.
418
00:20:38,900 --> 00:20:40,567
all: Yes!
Abernathy: This is Dr. King.
419
00:20:40,567 --> 00:20:41,734
He's president of the
420
00:20:41,734 --> 00:20:43,500
Montgomery
Improvement Association.
421
00:20:43,500 --> 00:20:45,233
This is Dr. King, yeah.
422
00:20:45,233 --> 00:20:46,433
[unintelligible chatter]
423
00:20:46,433 --> 00:20:48,367
man: Let him through here.
Let him through.
424
00:20:48,367 --> 00:20:50,033
Let him through here.
425
00:20:50,033 --> 00:20:54,200
- Dr. King, this is the day
we have waited for.
426
00:20:54,200 --> 00:20:56,767
It's now all up to you.
427
00:20:56,767 --> 00:20:58,600
- That hold us in high places.
428
00:20:58,600 --> 00:21:00,633
all: Yes!
man: That's right.
429
00:21:00,633 --> 00:21:03,467
- And now I introduce to you
the president
430
00:21:03,467 --> 00:21:07,266
of the newly founded Montgomery
Improvement Association,
431
00:21:07,266 --> 00:21:09,266
Reverend King.
432
00:21:09,266 --> 00:21:12,333
[applause]
433
00:21:19,166 --> 00:21:20,633
- Uh, good evening.
434
00:21:20,633 --> 00:21:22,133
all: Good evening.
435
00:21:22,133 --> 00:21:25,934
- First, I would like
to thank, uh, Brother Fields
436
00:21:25,934 --> 00:21:29,300
for sharing his pulpit
this evening,
437
00:21:29,300 --> 00:21:32,834
and I'd like to thank you all
for coming out.
438
00:21:32,834 --> 00:21:34,600
You didn't have to do that.
439
00:21:34,600 --> 00:21:37,600
But, uh,
I know you know that
440
00:21:37,600 --> 00:21:42,066
we are here this evening
for serious business.
441
00:21:42,066 --> 00:21:43,300
[people murmur agreement]
442
00:21:43,300 --> 00:21:47,266
We are here in a general sense
443
00:21:47,266 --> 00:21:50,166
because, first and foremost,
444
00:21:50,166 --> 00:21:52,900
we're American citizens.
445
00:21:52,900 --> 00:21:58,300
And we are determined
to apply our citizenship
446
00:21:58,300 --> 00:22:00,834
to the fullness
of its meaning.
447
00:22:00,834 --> 00:22:02,433
all: Right.
448
00:22:02,433 --> 00:22:05,867
- But we're here
in a specific sense
449
00:22:05,867 --> 00:22:08,600
because of the bus situation
in Montgomery.
450
00:22:08,600 --> 00:22:09,900
all: Right. Yes.
451
00:22:09,900 --> 00:22:13,500
- Now, just the other day,
one of the finest citizens
452
00:22:13,500 --> 00:22:14,667
in Montgomery--
453
00:22:14,667 --> 00:22:18,600
not one of the finest
Negro citizens,
454
00:22:18,600 --> 00:22:21,633
but one of the finest citizens
in Montgomery--
455
00:22:21,633 --> 00:22:26,200
was taken from a bus
and carried to jail
456
00:22:26,200 --> 00:22:28,066
and arrested
457
00:22:28,066 --> 00:22:32,166
because she refused to get up
and give her seat
458
00:22:32,166 --> 00:22:33,400
to a white person.
459
00:22:33,400 --> 00:22:36,100
all: Right. Yes.
460
00:22:36,100 --> 00:22:38,433
- And, you know, my friends,
there comes a time
461
00:22:38,433 --> 00:22:41,700
when people get tired
of being trampled
462
00:22:41,700 --> 00:22:43,700
by the iron feet of oppression.
463
00:22:43,700 --> 00:22:45,500
all: Yes.
[applause]
464
00:22:45,500 --> 00:22:47,667
- There comes a time,
my friends,
465
00:22:47,667 --> 00:22:50,800
when people get tired
of being thrown
466
00:22:50,800 --> 00:22:54,500
across the abyss of humiliation,
467
00:22:54,500 --> 00:22:57,100
where they experience
the bleakness
468
00:22:57,100 --> 00:22:59,467
of nagging despair.
469
00:22:59,467 --> 00:23:02,500
There comes a time
when people get tired
470
00:23:02,500 --> 00:23:04,867
of being pushed out
of the glittering sunlight
471
00:23:04,867 --> 00:23:08,033
of life's July
and left standing
472
00:23:08,033 --> 00:23:12,633
amidst the piercing chill
of an alpine November.
473
00:23:12,633 --> 00:23:17,066
We're here--we're here
because we're tired now.
474
00:23:17,066 --> 00:23:18,734
all: Yes.
475
00:23:18,734 --> 00:23:20,934
- And we're not wrong
in what we're doing.
476
00:23:20,934 --> 00:23:22,400
[people murmuring
unintelligibly]
477
00:23:22,400 --> 00:23:24,467
If we are wrong,
the Supreme Court
478
00:23:24,467 --> 00:23:25,934
of this nation is wrong.
479
00:23:25,934 --> 00:23:29,066
[cheers and applause]
480
00:23:29,066 --> 00:23:31,367
If we are wrong,
the Constitution
481
00:23:31,367 --> 00:23:34,767
of the United States is wrong.
482
00:23:34,767 --> 00:23:39,133
If we are wrong,
God Almighty is wrong.
483
00:23:39,133 --> 00:23:42,200
If we are wrong,
Jesus of Nazareth
484
00:23:42,200 --> 00:23:46,200
was merely a utopian dreamer
and never came down to Earth.
485
00:23:46,200 --> 00:23:49,300
[unintelligible chatter,
applause]
486
00:23:50,867 --> 00:23:55,400
If we are wrong,
justice is a lie.
487
00:23:55,400 --> 00:23:58,800
And we are determined
to work together here
488
00:23:58,800 --> 00:24:02,600
in Montgomery,
to work and to fight
489
00:24:02,600 --> 00:24:06,667
until justice
rolls down like water
490
00:24:06,667 --> 00:24:09,266
and righteousness
like a mighty stream!
491
00:24:09,266 --> 00:24:12,333
[cheers and applause]
492
00:24:29,266 --> 00:24:32,667
- Ain't nothing wrong
with wanting what's right.
493
00:24:32,667 --> 00:24:35,567
People around here been
wanting what's right all along.
494
00:24:35,567 --> 00:24:39,133
- I have here a resolution
495
00:24:39,133 --> 00:24:42,667
drafted by attorney Fred Gray
496
00:24:42,667 --> 00:24:46,000
for your consideration.
497
00:24:46,000 --> 00:24:48,266
And it reads,
498
00:24:48,266 --> 00:24:51,200
"Be it resolved that the members
499
00:24:51,200 --> 00:24:54,867
"of the Montgomery
Improvement Association
500
00:24:54,867 --> 00:24:57,734
"will continue the boycott
501
00:24:57,734 --> 00:25:01,066
"indefinitely
502
00:25:01,066 --> 00:25:06,567
until such time as a fair
and just agreement is reached."
503
00:25:06,567 --> 00:25:10,266
Now, all those in favor,
please signify by standing up.
504
00:25:18,533 --> 00:25:20,767
God be praised.
505
00:25:20,767 --> 00:25:24,500
- Our Negroes did not
stay off the buses by choice.
506
00:25:24,500 --> 00:25:27,967
We have proof that Negro
goon squads are intimidating
507
00:25:27,967 --> 00:25:31,333
coloreds that would otherwise
go right on ridin'.
508
00:25:31,333 --> 00:25:35,266
I intend to make sure that law
and order are maintained,
509
00:25:35,266 --> 00:25:38,000
and coloreds that want
to go on riding our buses
510
00:25:38,000 --> 00:25:41,734
will not be constrained
by outside agitators
511
00:25:41,734 --> 00:25:43,400
or unlawful elements.
512
00:25:43,400 --> 00:25:45,233
man: ♪ Said hey, little lady,
maybe, baby, maybe, baby ♪
513
00:25:45,233 --> 00:25:47,433
♪ You can come out tonight ♪
woman: ♪ Ba-bow ♪
514
00:25:47,433 --> 00:25:49,333
man: ♪ I said hey, little lady,
maybe, baby, maybe, baby ♪
515
00:25:49,333 --> 00:25:52,000
♪ It could be so right ♪
woman: ♪ Ba-ba, boo-dah-bow ♪
516
00:25:52,000 --> 00:25:53,400
- Come on now, come on.
Martin: Denied!
517
00:25:53,400 --> 00:25:54,500
[laughter]
518
00:25:54,500 --> 00:25:57,767
- We--we--we got people
out here who've been--
519
00:25:57,767 --> 00:25:59,567
who've been walking
for three days,
520
00:25:59,567 --> 00:26:01,166
and we can't even
get ourselves together
521
00:26:01,166 --> 00:26:02,533
to make up a list of demands.
522
00:26:02,533 --> 00:26:05,300
- Look, now,
we should ask for the deal
523
00:26:05,300 --> 00:26:06,700
they got down in Mobile.
524
00:26:06,700 --> 00:26:08,066
There's a precedent for it.
525
00:26:08,066 --> 00:26:10,200
- First come,
first serve seating.
526
00:26:10,200 --> 00:26:12,433
- The city council would have
to give us that at least.
527
00:26:12,433 --> 00:26:13,533
Write this down now.
528
00:26:13,533 --> 00:26:14,900
Negroes from back to front,
529
00:26:14,900 --> 00:26:17,200
white folks
from front to back.
530
00:26:17,200 --> 00:26:20,600
- Plus courtesy and respect
for the Negro passengers
531
00:26:20,600 --> 00:26:21,734
from the drivers.
532
00:26:21,734 --> 00:26:22,867
Nixon: When hell freeze over.
533
00:26:22,867 --> 00:26:25,367
Pardon me, reverends.
- Can we agree?
534
00:26:25,367 --> 00:26:27,800
- Now, we need to add
that we want Negro bus drivers
535
00:26:27,800 --> 00:26:29,133
to service Negro routes.
536
00:26:29,133 --> 00:26:30,900
- Robinson, they're never
gonna agree to that.
537
00:26:30,900 --> 00:26:32,734
- Well, we can ask.
There's no harm in asking.
538
00:26:32,734 --> 00:26:35,367
- If we can't agree
amongst ourselves,
539
00:26:35,367 --> 00:26:36,734
we gonna waste this opportunity.
540
00:26:36,734 --> 00:26:39,233
- They have Negro bus drivers
in other cities.
541
00:26:39,233 --> 00:26:41,500
- Miss Robinson,
you know this is Montgomery,
542
00:26:41,500 --> 00:26:43,600
and they are never gonna
grant us that demand.
543
00:26:43,600 --> 00:26:46,066
- Maybe that's why
we should ask for it then.
544
00:26:46,066 --> 00:26:49,100
- So they can reject it.
545
00:26:49,100 --> 00:26:50,200
- Reverend King.
546
00:26:50,200 --> 00:26:52,333
- Look, now,
we've emptied their buses
547
00:26:52,333 --> 00:26:53,500
for three days.
548
00:26:53,500 --> 00:26:56,400
Not a single Negro
has broken the boycott.
549
00:26:56,400 --> 00:26:58,734
So they know they have
to accept some changes,
550
00:26:58,734 --> 00:27:00,633
but now, at the same time...
[phone rings]
551
00:27:00,633 --> 00:27:02,233
They have to save face.
552
00:27:02,233 --> 00:27:04,800
So we offer them
an unreasonable provision
553
00:27:04,800 --> 00:27:05,834
so they can reject it.
554
00:27:05,834 --> 00:27:07,133
- It's not unreasonable.
555
00:27:07,133 --> 00:27:08,367
- It is to them,
understand?
556
00:27:08,367 --> 00:27:10,867
- It's just, we have to be
willing to give up something.
557
00:27:10,867 --> 00:27:12,200
- Give up something?
558
00:27:12,200 --> 00:27:14,000
We hardly ask them for anything
in the first place.
559
00:27:14,000 --> 00:27:17,333
- It's a foothold until we can
appeal Mrs. Parks' conviction.
560
00:27:17,333 --> 00:27:18,934
- Martin.
561
00:27:18,934 --> 00:27:20,000
Martin: Excuse me.
562
00:27:23,700 --> 00:27:25,000
- Could you please
not do that?
563
00:27:25,000 --> 00:27:27,133
- Oh, Fred, come on.
- Please.
564
00:27:27,133 --> 00:27:29,000
Nixon: Oh, Fred...
565
00:27:29,000 --> 00:27:32,000
- Don't ever call
this house again.
566
00:27:32,000 --> 00:27:35,000
[melancholy music]
567
00:27:35,000 --> 00:27:41,667
♪ ♪
568
00:27:41,667 --> 00:27:44,667
- Who was that?
569
00:27:44,667 --> 00:27:47,567
- Nobody.
570
00:27:47,567 --> 00:27:49,066
- Well, what did he say?
571
00:27:49,066 --> 00:27:51,734
- Nothing I care to repeat.
572
00:27:54,834 --> 00:27:56,700
They're just words, Coretta.
573
00:27:56,700 --> 00:27:58,867
I've heard them before,
and so have you.
574
00:27:58,867 --> 00:28:01,734
- Martin,
this isn't Atlanta.
575
00:28:01,734 --> 00:28:03,700
This is Montgomery.
576
00:28:03,700 --> 00:28:07,467
And you do not take those words
lightly around here.
577
00:28:07,467 --> 00:28:15,700
♪ ♪
578
00:28:15,700 --> 00:28:17,667
- This will all
be over soon.
579
00:28:24,934 --> 00:28:28,133
The mayor convened
a special meeting tomorrow
580
00:28:28,133 --> 00:28:30,567
with the city council.
581
00:28:30,567 --> 00:28:33,734
He'll compromise.
582
00:28:33,734 --> 00:28:35,233
They have to.
583
00:28:39,734 --> 00:28:41,734
man: Let me respond
to your demand.
584
00:28:45,667 --> 00:28:49,100
Part one,
first come, first serve seating.
585
00:28:49,100 --> 00:28:52,300
Now, we at the Montgomery
city line are subject
586
00:28:52,300 --> 00:28:54,100
to the law of the state
of Alabama,
587
00:28:54,100 --> 00:28:56,467
which, as we all know, requires
segregation of the races.
588
00:28:56,467 --> 00:28:58,467
Gray: Look. Uh, if I may?
589
00:28:58,467 --> 00:29:02,433
The Alabama segregation
statute states,
590
00:29:02,433 --> 00:29:05,433
"City authorities
may require segregation,"
591
00:29:05,433 --> 00:29:08,700
not "must."
592
00:29:08,700 --> 00:29:11,800
- Point two, courtesy
and respect from the drivers.
593
00:29:11,800 --> 00:29:14,467
Now, as far as we know,
our drivers
594
00:29:14,467 --> 00:29:16,333
are hard-working,
courteous.
595
00:29:16,333 --> 00:29:17,900
- Drivers are abusive.
596
00:29:17,900 --> 00:29:21,000
They physically throw
Negro women off of the buses
597
00:29:21,000 --> 00:29:23,266
for sitting
in an empty white section.
598
00:29:23,266 --> 00:29:24,467
- That is gossip.
599
00:29:24,467 --> 00:29:26,467
- I've seen it
with my own eyes.
600
00:29:26,467 --> 00:29:29,700
The buses stop at every corner
in the white neighborhoods
601
00:29:29,700 --> 00:29:31,934
and every other corner
in the colored neighborhoods.
602
00:29:31,934 --> 00:29:36,533
- Well, I won't say there
isn't room for improvement.
603
00:29:36,533 --> 00:29:40,033
Point three,
hiring Negro drivers.
604
00:29:40,033 --> 00:29:42,400
We won't tell the bus company
who to hire,
605
00:29:42,400 --> 00:29:44,900
and we certainly won't stand
606
00:29:44,900 --> 00:29:47,567
for first come,
first serve system.
607
00:29:47,567 --> 00:29:48,934
- They've done it in Mobile.
608
00:29:48,934 --> 00:29:50,934
man: Even if we wanted to,
we can't.
609
00:29:50,934 --> 00:29:54,467
Uh, that would require
the abolition of segregation.
610
00:29:54,467 --> 00:29:56,567
- Which is a law.
611
00:29:56,567 --> 00:29:58,066
Is that what you're asking for?
612
00:29:58,066 --> 00:29:59,700
- And other cities
throughout the South?
613
00:29:59,700 --> 00:30:02,467
- You're not answering
our question, Mr. King.
614
00:30:02,467 --> 00:30:04,200
Are you and your people
calling for the abolition
615
00:30:04,200 --> 00:30:05,600
of the segregation laws?
616
00:30:05,600 --> 00:30:10,867
- No, what we're arguing for
is a more humane system.
617
00:30:14,567 --> 00:30:16,200
[phones ringing]
- I've got something to say.
618
00:30:16,200 --> 00:30:18,734
Uh, most of y'all know
most of my life
619
00:30:18,734 --> 00:30:20,700
I've been fighting
to kill Jim Crow,
620
00:30:20,700 --> 00:30:22,934
whether it's through the union
or the NAACP,
621
00:30:22,934 --> 00:30:24,433
and I'ma tell you one thing:
622
00:30:24,433 --> 00:30:27,066
the NAACP will never support
what we doing down here.
623
00:30:27,066 --> 00:30:28,433
- I do not agree.
624
00:30:28,433 --> 00:30:31,767
- Reverend King, the NAACP will
never support an organization
625
00:30:31,767 --> 00:30:35,700
that's only asking for
a more humane system, never!
626
00:30:35,700 --> 00:30:37,633
- Now, obviously,
I have a great deal of respect
627
00:30:37,633 --> 00:30:39,767
for the NAACP,
but this is
628
00:30:39,767 --> 00:30:41,700
the Montgomery
Improvement Association,
629
00:30:41,700 --> 00:30:43,500
and the Montgomery
Improvement Association
630
00:30:43,500 --> 00:30:46,233
has done more in four days
for Negroes in this city
631
00:30:46,233 --> 00:30:48,433
than the NAACP
has done in ten years.
632
00:30:48,433 --> 00:30:51,100
Now, I don't mean
to be harsh in this, E.D.,
633
00:30:51,100 --> 00:30:52,834
but, uh, we need to move
beyond this now.
634
00:30:52,834 --> 00:30:57,066
This is a--
this is a...
635
00:30:57,066 --> 00:30:58,133
We share the same goals.
636
00:30:58,133 --> 00:30:59,400
We have the same aspirations.
637
00:30:59,400 --> 00:31:01,667
We just have different ways
of going about it.
638
00:31:01,667 --> 00:31:05,200
That's all.
639
00:31:05,200 --> 00:31:07,567
- The chicken's almost ready.
640
00:31:07,567 --> 00:31:09,467
- There's a minimum fare
ordinance.
641
00:31:09,467 --> 00:31:12,567
Taxis must charge
a minimum of 45¢.
642
00:31:12,567 --> 00:31:13,633
- That's bullshit!
643
00:31:13,633 --> 00:31:15,433
How am I supposed to see?
644
00:31:18,633 --> 00:31:21,734
Peoples can't pay 45¢
for no taxi.
645
00:31:21,734 --> 00:31:26,033
- People can't pay 45¢
for a taxi.
646
00:31:26,033 --> 00:31:27,633
The drivers were
charging a dime,
647
00:31:27,633 --> 00:31:29,000
same as the buses.
648
00:31:29,000 --> 00:31:31,300
- Which is why they want
to raise the minimum fare.
649
00:31:31,300 --> 00:31:34,467
- But if the drivers charge
less than 45¢,
650
00:31:34,467 --> 00:31:37,066
they liable to lose their
license and they livelihood.
651
00:31:37,066 --> 00:31:39,834
- I hope this don't make
Miss King jealous, Reverend.
652
00:31:39,834 --> 00:31:41,333
[both giggle]
653
00:31:41,333 --> 00:31:43,333
- People aren't gonna
give up their cars.
654
00:31:43,333 --> 00:31:44,166
- Yes, they will.
655
00:31:44,166 --> 00:31:45,800
- They're too important
to 'em.
656
00:31:45,800 --> 00:31:47,533
- It worked in Baton Rouge.
657
00:31:47,533 --> 00:31:50,000
The taxis there weren't allowed
to lower their fares either.
658
00:31:50,000 --> 00:31:52,066
Carpools kept the boycott alive.
659
00:31:52,066 --> 00:31:53,333
- That's all well and good,
660
00:31:53,333 --> 00:31:56,266
but ain't too many car owners
in my flock.
661
00:31:56,266 --> 00:31:58,667
- Well, I tell you what,
Ralph.
662
00:31:58,667 --> 00:32:02,400
You keep 'em walking,
I'll get us some cars.
663
00:32:02,400 --> 00:32:07,133
- Now, I'm hearing stories,
inspiring stories.
664
00:32:07,133 --> 00:32:09,567
We have Mother Pollard here,
665
00:32:09,567 --> 00:32:11,567
70-year-old woman,
666
00:32:11,567 --> 00:32:14,266
walking to and fro to work
667
00:32:14,266 --> 00:32:16,867
and back home 12 miles
every day
668
00:32:16,867 --> 00:32:18,367
with a cane, unbent.
669
00:32:18,367 --> 00:32:19,500
[cheers and applause]
670
00:32:19,500 --> 00:32:23,600
Now, I feel an unstoppable
conviction right now.
671
00:32:23,600 --> 00:32:25,900
And I know you feel it too.
672
00:32:25,900 --> 00:32:28,567
So we gon' keep on walking.
all: Yes!
673
00:32:28,567 --> 00:32:30,600
- We gon' keep on walking.
674
00:32:30,600 --> 00:32:32,900
We'll walk to work
every morning,
675
00:32:32,900 --> 00:32:36,066
and we'll walk back home
every night.
676
00:32:36,066 --> 00:32:40,100
We'll wear a groove
in the footpath of our cities.
677
00:32:40,100 --> 00:32:42,200
Wear a groove in the pavement
678
00:32:42,200 --> 00:32:46,000
until they see the depths
of our conviction.
679
00:32:46,000 --> 00:32:48,934
We are not walking.
We are marching.
680
00:32:48,934 --> 00:32:51,700
Martin: "And he said unto them,
'Which of you shall
681
00:32:51,700 --> 00:32:54,633
"'have a friend and shall go
unto him at midnight
682
00:32:54,633 --> 00:32:58,533
"'and say unto him,
"Friend, lend me three loaves,
683
00:32:58,533 --> 00:33:01,300
"'"for a friend of mine
in his journey has come to me,
684
00:33:01,300 --> 00:33:03,200
and I have nothing
to set before him."'"
685
00:33:03,200 --> 00:33:05,100
[people murmuring
unintelligibly]
686
00:33:05,100 --> 00:33:07,967
Many in this congregation
are very fortunate
687
00:33:07,967 --> 00:33:10,033
in their material possessions.
688
00:33:10,033 --> 00:33:13,934
Material things
can be very nice.
689
00:33:13,934 --> 00:33:17,633
Many of us have fancy cars,
Cadillac cars,
690
00:33:17,633 --> 00:33:20,033
and that's all right.
691
00:33:20,033 --> 00:33:23,934
But now God is calling on us
to use these things
692
00:33:23,934 --> 00:33:29,667
to a greater purpose than simply
to drive along the highway
693
00:33:29,667 --> 00:33:33,300
on a Sunday afternoon
or cruise through the city
694
00:33:33,300 --> 00:33:36,433
at ten miles an hour
to impress the neighbors.
695
00:33:36,433 --> 00:33:37,700
man: Mm, mm-hmm.
all: Right.
696
00:33:37,700 --> 00:33:40,767
- We on the committee
have decided on a system
697
00:33:40,767 --> 00:33:43,200
to ease our burden.
698
00:33:43,200 --> 00:33:45,633
Morning, Mr. Sands.
699
00:33:45,633 --> 00:33:47,367
His car broke down.
700
00:33:47,367 --> 00:33:49,066
[laughter]
701
00:33:49,066 --> 00:33:52,433
We're asking you, if you have
a car, to share it.
702
00:33:52,433 --> 00:33:55,000
We're not asking
for any outside help in this.
703
00:33:55,000 --> 00:33:57,867
We gonna do this ourselves.
704
00:33:57,867 --> 00:34:00,734
And we are going to pool
our monies from all the churches
705
00:34:00,734 --> 00:34:04,667
to share the costs
of maintaining the automobile
706
00:34:04,667 --> 00:34:07,233
and the cost of gasoline
and such.
707
00:34:07,233 --> 00:34:09,300
And here's the--
here's the good news now.
708
00:34:09,300 --> 00:34:12,633
We gonna take up
a second collection today.
709
00:34:12,633 --> 00:34:13,967
man: Amen.
710
00:34:13,967 --> 00:34:17,033
[applause]
711
00:34:18,667 --> 00:34:20,533
- And I'll tell you
something else.
712
00:34:20,533 --> 00:34:22,734
If a couple of farmhands
get mud
713
00:34:22,734 --> 00:34:24,767
on his precious upholstery,
old Dr. Johnson's
714
00:34:24,767 --> 00:34:26,300
gonna have a heart attack
on the spot.
715
00:34:26,300 --> 00:34:29,133
- Now, you be careful, there.
716
00:34:29,133 --> 00:34:32,600
- You really think that people
will just give up their cars?
717
00:34:35,467 --> 00:34:38,700
- Well,
I've been told
718
00:34:38,700 --> 00:34:41,867
I have certain powers
of persuasion.
719
00:34:41,867 --> 00:34:44,567
[gentle piano music]
720
00:34:44,567 --> 00:34:47,734
- Who told you that?
721
00:34:47,734 --> 00:34:50,600
- My beautiful wife.
722
00:34:50,600 --> 00:34:58,600
♪ ♪
723
00:34:58,600 --> 00:35:01,600
[slow dramatic music]
724
00:35:01,600 --> 00:35:09,700
♪ ♪
725
00:35:29,767 --> 00:35:34,333
It didn't last in Baton Rouge.
726
00:35:34,333 --> 00:35:37,567
- What?
727
00:35:37,567 --> 00:35:39,734
- Boycott.
728
00:35:39,734 --> 00:35:43,166
Carpool ended in two weeks.
729
00:35:43,166 --> 00:35:49,266
♪ ♪
730
00:35:49,266 --> 00:35:50,767
[dramatic electric guitar
flourish]
731
00:35:50,767 --> 00:35:52,567
Lewis: We're guessing
the bus company losing about
732
00:35:52,567 --> 00:35:54,600
30,000 Negro fares every day.
733
00:35:54,600 --> 00:35:57,367
We subtract some
for the folks who walk.
734
00:35:57,367 --> 00:35:59,133
Some just stay home.
735
00:35:59,133 --> 00:36:01,033
It's about 20,000 people,
736
00:36:01,033 --> 00:36:04,433
20,000 rides a day,
that's what we need.
737
00:36:04,433 --> 00:36:07,633
Now, with the number of cars
we have volunteered,
738
00:36:07,633 --> 00:36:11,133
that works out to be
about 130 rides a day,
739
00:36:11,133 --> 00:36:12,867
every single car.
740
00:36:12,867 --> 00:36:14,333
♪ ♪
741
00:36:14,333 --> 00:36:16,767
- Every car?
742
00:36:16,767 --> 00:36:19,900
- [chuckles]
743
00:36:19,900 --> 00:36:21,400
- Every car.
744
00:36:21,400 --> 00:36:22,767
♪ ♪
745
00:36:22,767 --> 00:36:24,633
All right.
746
00:36:24,633 --> 00:36:27,600
All you riding out
near Madison Street,
747
00:36:27,600 --> 00:36:30,433
you gonna ride
with Dr. Johnson here.
748
00:36:30,433 --> 00:36:31,867
♪ ♪
749
00:36:31,867 --> 00:36:32,800
Come on, get in.
750
00:36:32,800 --> 00:36:34,133
Everybody go in here nicely,
please.
751
00:36:34,133 --> 00:36:36,066
- Now, now, you all
be careful, please.
752
00:36:36,066 --> 00:36:37,367
- Let's go.
Everybody, everybody get in.
753
00:36:37,367 --> 00:36:38,500
- Please.
754
00:36:38,500 --> 00:36:40,000
- Dr. Johnson,
you still co-ride, sir?
755
00:36:40,000 --> 00:36:42,333
We sure appreciate what you're
doing for the cause, sir.
756
00:36:42,333 --> 00:36:43,600
Franklin: ♪ Get ready ♪
757
00:36:43,600 --> 00:36:44,934
♪ For the revolution ♪
758
00:36:44,934 --> 00:36:46,500
♪ Come on, come on, come on ♪
759
00:36:46,500 --> 00:36:49,700
♪ Ow ♪
women: ♪ Oh, oh, oh ♪
760
00:36:49,700 --> 00:36:51,266
♪ Oh, oh, oh, oh ♪
761
00:36:51,266 --> 00:36:52,433
Franklin: ♪ Do you want
a revolution? ♪
762
00:36:52,433 --> 00:36:53,834
chorus: ♪ Whoo, whoo ♪
763
00:36:53,834 --> 00:36:55,367
Franklin: ♪ Say,
do you want a revolution? ♪
764
00:36:55,367 --> 00:36:56,667
chorus: ♪ Whoo, whoo ♪
Franklin: ♪ Come on ♪
765
00:36:56,667 --> 00:36:58,867
women: ♪ Whoa-ho-ho-ho ♪
766
00:36:58,867 --> 00:37:00,567
♪ Whoa-ho-ho-ho ♪
767
00:37:00,567 --> 00:37:02,066
Franklin: ♪ Do you want
a revolution? ♪
768
00:37:02,066 --> 00:37:03,734
chorus: ♪ Whoo, whoo ♪
Franklin: ♪ Come on ♪
769
00:37:03,734 --> 00:37:05,800
♪ Do you want a revolution? ♪
chorus: ♪ Whoo, whoo ♪
770
00:37:05,800 --> 00:37:08,233
women: ♪ There's gonna be
a brighter day ♪
771
00:37:08,233 --> 00:37:10,200
♪ All your troubles
will pass away ♪
772
00:37:10,200 --> 00:37:11,967
all: ♪ A revolution's coming,
yes, it's coming ♪
773
00:37:11,967 --> 00:37:13,834
♪ Coming, revolution's coming,
yes, it's coming ♪
774
00:37:13,834 --> 00:37:15,000
♪ Revolution's coming ♪
775
00:37:15,000 --> 00:37:17,367
women: ♪ Whoa-ho-ho-ho ♪
776
00:37:17,367 --> 00:37:19,467
♪ Whoa-ho-ho-ho ♪
Franklin: ♪ Listen, listen ♪
777
00:37:19,467 --> 00:37:21,467
♪ Do you want a revolution? ♪
chorus: ♪ Whoo, whoo ♪
778
00:37:21,467 --> 00:37:22,967
Franklin: ♪ I say,
do you want a revolution? ♪
779
00:37:22,967 --> 00:37:24,300
chorus: ♪ Whoo, whoo ♪
780
00:37:24,300 --> 00:37:27,300
Martin: No, sir.
It's taken us all by surprise.
781
00:37:30,033 --> 00:37:32,934
I--I will bear that in mind.
782
00:37:32,934 --> 00:37:36,300
Yes, sir.
783
00:37:36,300 --> 00:37:38,200
Good night.
784
00:37:38,200 --> 00:37:42,433
[clock ticking]
785
00:37:42,433 --> 00:37:44,200
That was Mr. Milton.
786
00:37:44,200 --> 00:37:45,600
Coretta: From the Dexter board?
787
00:37:45,600 --> 00:37:47,233
- Yeah.
788
00:37:47,233 --> 00:37:50,400
Reminding me that I'm still
the pastor of a church.
789
00:37:50,400 --> 00:37:53,166
- And did he also remind you
that the last pastor
790
00:37:53,166 --> 00:37:56,133
was fired for his radical views?
791
00:37:56,133 --> 00:37:58,433
- Not in so many words.
792
00:37:58,433 --> 00:38:01,300
But it was very much implied.
793
00:38:02,934 --> 00:38:04,467
- You found five?
794
00:38:04,467 --> 00:38:05,800
God bless you.
795
00:38:05,800 --> 00:38:08,066
- Now, you got to be there
at 6:00 p.m. sharp, now.
796
00:38:08,066 --> 00:38:09,567
6:00 p.m. sharp.
797
00:38:09,567 --> 00:38:12,633
[all talking at once]
798
00:38:14,734 --> 00:38:17,367
- Oh, Lord. Okay.
799
00:38:17,367 --> 00:38:20,700
All right.
I'll get back to you.
800
00:38:20,700 --> 00:38:23,433
Got some trouble
at the Day Street lot.
801
00:38:23,433 --> 00:38:26,000
Vandals done
slashed some tires.
802
00:38:29,333 --> 00:38:31,567
[dog barking, bottle clinks]
803
00:38:31,567 --> 00:38:35,500
- They asked us to watch over
these here vehicles
804
00:38:35,500 --> 00:38:39,233
after some of the tires
got slashed.
805
00:38:39,233 --> 00:38:42,133
Said we could even sleep in 'em
if we want to,
806
00:38:42,133 --> 00:38:45,567
long as that don't
happen to them.
807
00:38:45,567 --> 00:38:49,166
We got to do our part too,
you understand?
808
00:38:49,166 --> 00:38:52,033
- And then you raised
the taxi fares by 45¢.
809
00:38:52,033 --> 00:38:53,500
- Cars been vandalized
all over town.
810
00:38:53,500 --> 00:38:55,133
- Sorry I'm late.
811
00:38:57,867 --> 00:39:00,000
- Who is this?
812
00:39:00,000 --> 00:39:03,233
- Uh, Luther Ingalls,
secretary of White Citizens.
813
00:39:03,233 --> 00:39:04,500
- Is that who I think it is?
814
00:39:04,500 --> 00:39:06,166
- Guess he left his robe
at home.
815
00:39:06,166 --> 00:39:08,767
- Uh, Mr. Mayor,
we were not informed
816
00:39:08,767 --> 00:39:12,533
that, uh, Mr. Ingalls
was a member of your committee.
817
00:39:12,533 --> 00:39:15,400
- I don't think it's our job
to inform you, Mr. King.
818
00:39:15,400 --> 00:39:18,200
- Well, what is our purpose
if certain members
819
00:39:18,200 --> 00:39:20,266
have come
with preconceived ideas?
820
00:39:20,266 --> 00:39:23,100
- Reverend King,
I came here prepared
821
00:39:23,100 --> 00:39:25,767
to vote in favor
of Negro bus drivers.
822
00:39:25,767 --> 00:39:29,367
I resent very deeply
your statement that we
823
00:39:29,367 --> 00:39:32,667
as white people have come here
with certain preconceived ideas.
824
00:39:32,667 --> 00:39:34,400
I most certainly did not.
825
00:39:34,400 --> 00:39:35,667
man: Nor did I.
826
00:39:35,667 --> 00:39:39,100
- Well, I apologize
to those of you who have come
827
00:39:39,100 --> 00:39:42,300
with more open minds,
but I would also
828
00:39:42,300 --> 00:39:44,900
like to state for the record
that we of the MIA
829
00:39:44,900 --> 00:39:48,100
strongly protest the presence
of the White Citizens' Council
830
00:39:48,100 --> 00:39:49,500
at this meeting.
831
00:39:49,500 --> 00:39:51,533
- You're here representing
the Negroes.
832
00:39:51,533 --> 00:39:53,166
No difference me
representing my people.
833
00:39:53,166 --> 00:39:55,200
- Don't compare
our two organizations.
834
00:39:55,200 --> 00:39:56,500
- Why not?
835
00:39:56,500 --> 00:39:58,433
- The White Citizens' Council
is openly racist.
836
00:39:58,433 --> 00:40:00,633
- That is your opinion,
Reverend King.
837
00:40:00,633 --> 00:40:03,700
Now, I suggest you exercise
the same tolerance
838
00:40:03,700 --> 00:40:05,033
for a different opinion.
839
00:40:05,033 --> 00:40:07,500
- I don't think it's
a question of my tolerance.
840
00:40:07,500 --> 00:40:09,166
- Well, it seems you've got
a real problem
841
00:40:09,166 --> 00:40:10,734
with other people expressing
their opinions,
842
00:40:10,734 --> 00:40:12,700
don't you, Mr. King?
843
00:40:12,700 --> 00:40:14,633
This man, this man here
speaks for you all?
844
00:40:14,633 --> 00:40:16,967
- All right, let me
make one thing very clear.
845
00:40:16,967 --> 00:40:19,266
Let there be no mistake
that Reverend King
846
00:40:19,266 --> 00:40:22,367
is the voice of every Negro
in this room,
847
00:40:22,367 --> 00:40:26,667
but he's also the voice
of 50,000 Negroes in Montgomery.
848
00:40:33,166 --> 00:40:35,433
[church bell tolls]
849
00:40:35,433 --> 00:40:37,000
- I walked right into that.
850
00:40:37,000 --> 00:40:38,467
- Amen.
851
00:40:38,467 --> 00:40:40,467
- Now, see, they think
they're slick.
852
00:40:40,467 --> 00:40:42,266
They're not negotiating
on good faith,
853
00:40:42,266 --> 00:40:44,734
and they think we foolish enough
not to know the difference.
854
00:40:44,734 --> 00:40:46,467
- Brother, this is a siege.
855
00:40:46,467 --> 00:40:50,066
This is a battle to see
who's gonna give in first.
856
00:40:50,066 --> 00:40:53,033
They just wore you down.
857
00:40:53,033 --> 00:40:54,467
- I guess you're right.
858
00:40:57,467 --> 00:40:59,800
- Soon as you concede
even one point to the Negroes,
859
00:40:59,800 --> 00:41:01,700
you--you open the floodgates.
860
00:41:01,700 --> 00:41:03,633
They're like children, W.A.
861
00:41:03,633 --> 00:41:05,000
You got to be firm with 'em.
862
00:41:05,000 --> 00:41:07,734
- We're doing the right thing
just waiting 'em out.
863
00:41:07,734 --> 00:41:11,700
- Well, boycott'll
be over today.
864
00:41:11,700 --> 00:41:13,333
Negroes will never
keep on walking.
865
00:41:13,333 --> 00:41:15,300
They do not have
the stomach for it.
866
00:41:20,367 --> 00:41:22,567
- You can smell that rain.
867
00:41:22,567 --> 00:41:25,800
- Ain't a cloud in the sky.
868
00:41:25,800 --> 00:41:28,500
all: ♪ If it's gonna rain ♪
869
00:41:28,500 --> 00:41:30,333
♪ Let it rain ♪
870
00:41:30,333 --> 00:41:32,433
[relaxed gospel music]
871
00:41:32,433 --> 00:41:35,533
Martin: Good evening.
872
00:41:35,533 --> 00:41:40,066
In the year 1619,
the first Negro slaves
873
00:41:40,066 --> 00:41:44,834
landed in ships on the shores
of this nation.
874
00:41:44,834 --> 00:41:48,633
Nearly 400 years later,
the Negro in America
875
00:41:48,633 --> 00:41:50,400
still is not free.
876
00:41:50,400 --> 00:41:52,533
woman: Yeah, that's right.
877
00:41:52,533 --> 00:41:54,066
Robinson: No, Miss Stone
and her daughters
878
00:41:54,066 --> 00:41:55,967
have been waiting
for 45 minutes.
879
00:41:55,967 --> 00:41:57,967
You need to send
a car over there
880
00:41:57,967 --> 00:41:59,433
to Jackson Street right now.
881
00:41:59,433 --> 00:42:02,000
- I can't guarantee your car
won't get a little bit muddy.
882
00:42:02,000 --> 00:42:03,967
[unintelligible]
883
00:42:03,967 --> 00:42:06,967
- All right.
- Well, it is raining.
884
00:42:06,967 --> 00:42:09,900
Well, we will clean
your car for you.
885
00:42:09,900 --> 00:42:11,967
But we need it right now.
886
00:42:11,967 --> 00:42:14,266
Martin: Yet the substance
of America
887
00:42:14,266 --> 00:42:17,000
is expressed
in the sublime words,
888
00:42:17,000 --> 00:42:21,867
"We hold these truths to be
self-evident, that all men..."
889
00:42:21,867 --> 00:42:26,467
- Everybody.
We need everyone we can get.
890
00:42:26,467 --> 00:42:29,600
So we can count on you, then?
891
00:42:29,600 --> 00:42:31,500
Thank you.
Thank you so much.
892
00:42:35,734 --> 00:42:38,300
- Hey, baby.
893
00:42:38,300 --> 00:42:41,333
[phone ringing]
894
00:42:49,567 --> 00:42:51,900
Yes?
895
00:42:51,900 --> 00:42:54,233
No, the boycott's
not suspended.
896
00:42:54,233 --> 00:42:55,600
Just a little rain.
897
00:42:55,600 --> 00:42:58,000
- A little rain?
It's a typhoon.
898
00:42:58,000 --> 00:43:01,500
- Yeah.
All right.
899
00:43:01,500 --> 00:43:03,767
Where you going?
900
00:43:03,767 --> 00:43:06,300
- Well,
we need drivers.
901
00:43:06,300 --> 00:43:09,433
[thunder rumbling faintly]
902
00:43:09,433 --> 00:43:12,433
[light instrumental music]
903
00:43:12,433 --> 00:43:20,500
♪ ♪
904
00:43:32,934 --> 00:43:35,900
[engine revving]
905
00:43:35,900 --> 00:43:40,633
♪ ♪
906
00:43:40,633 --> 00:43:43,600
[man scatting]
907
00:43:43,600 --> 00:43:45,500
♪ ♪
908
00:43:45,500 --> 00:43:47,367
man: ♪ Yo, come on ♪
men: ♪ Ah ♪
909
00:43:47,367 --> 00:43:49,266
man: ♪ Yo, come on ♪
men: ♪ Ah ♪
910
00:43:49,266 --> 00:43:50,433
[phone ringing]
911
00:43:50,433 --> 00:43:51,967
- It held,
912
00:43:51,967 --> 00:43:53,200
in spite of the rain.
913
00:43:53,200 --> 00:43:55,233
- Jesus.
914
00:43:55,233 --> 00:43:58,433
Lewis: Numbers about the same
as yesterday.
915
00:43:58,433 --> 00:44:01,867
Nobody's riding the buses.
916
00:44:01,867 --> 00:44:04,333
The boycott held.
917
00:44:04,333 --> 00:44:07,133
[phone ringing]
918
00:44:07,133 --> 00:44:08,233
[crickets chirping]
919
00:44:08,233 --> 00:44:10,767
- Hello?
920
00:44:10,767 --> 00:44:13,200
Martin?
921
00:44:13,200 --> 00:44:14,700
Hello?
922
00:44:18,367 --> 00:44:20,100
Who is this?
923
00:44:20,100 --> 00:44:23,100
[tense music]
924
00:44:23,100 --> 00:44:31,200
♪ ♪
925
00:44:33,900 --> 00:44:36,967
[panting]
926
00:44:41,800 --> 00:44:44,100
man: It is time
for the white community
927
00:44:44,100 --> 00:44:48,433
to stop providing taxi service
to their Negro maids and cooks.
928
00:44:48,433 --> 00:44:51,233
They're only prolonging
the boycott.
929
00:44:51,233 --> 00:44:53,100
- The only reason they're
helping is so they don't
930
00:44:53,100 --> 00:44:54,600
have to do they own laundry.
931
00:44:54,600 --> 00:44:56,567
- If you really want to hit 'em
where they live,
932
00:44:56,567 --> 00:44:59,066
make the cooks and the maids
go on strike.
933
00:44:59,066 --> 00:45:00,767
- Martin, phone call.
934
00:45:00,767 --> 00:45:02,333
man: Think that they can force
the white people
935
00:45:02,333 --> 00:45:05,066
in this community
to submit to their...
936
00:45:05,066 --> 00:45:06,600
- Thank you, Rufus.
- Mm-hmm.
937
00:45:06,600 --> 00:45:08,200
- Hello?
938
00:45:08,200 --> 00:45:10,633
Hello,
hello, Mr. Rowan.
939
00:45:10,633 --> 00:45:12,433
Oh, of course.
I admire your work.
940
00:45:12,433 --> 00:45:14,867
- They think that it's funny
that whites
941
00:45:14,867 --> 00:45:17,900
who oppose the boycott
will act as chauffeurs
942
00:45:17,900 --> 00:45:19,500
to the very Negroes
that are boycotting.
943
00:45:19,500 --> 00:45:22,033
Martin: Uh-huh.
944
00:45:22,033 --> 00:45:24,567
Well, uh, no, that's, uh--
945
00:45:24,567 --> 00:45:26,900
that's a false rumor.
946
00:45:26,900 --> 00:45:28,000
No, I'm quite sure.
947
00:45:28,000 --> 00:45:29,400
That's definitely a lie.
948
00:45:29,400 --> 00:45:33,767
No member of the MIA
met with the city.
949
00:45:33,767 --> 00:45:35,600
Thank you.
950
00:45:35,600 --> 00:45:37,133
That was Carl Rowan.
951
00:45:37,133 --> 00:45:39,834
Lead story in tomorrow's paper
says the boycott's over.
952
00:45:39,834 --> 00:45:41,000
- Wait, wait,
who said that?
953
00:45:41,000 --> 00:45:42,233
man: No, no, no!
954
00:45:42,233 --> 00:45:45,567
- Well, according to the story,
uh, some ministers
955
00:45:45,567 --> 00:45:47,767
from the Montgomery
Improvement Association
956
00:45:47,767 --> 00:45:49,800
came to terms
with the city council.
957
00:45:49,800 --> 00:45:50,867
- People read something
like that,
958
00:45:50,867 --> 00:45:51,834
it could break the boycott.
959
00:45:51,834 --> 00:45:53,600
- Well, they can't just say
it's over.
960
00:45:53,600 --> 00:45:55,367
- Well, they called it
a negotiated settlement.
961
00:45:55,367 --> 00:45:56,500
- Negotiated by who?
962
00:45:56,500 --> 00:45:57,934
We got us a Judas
in our midst.
963
00:45:57,934 --> 00:46:01,734
[all talking at once]
964
00:46:01,734 --> 00:46:04,600
- We got 30-some-odd hours
to get the word out
965
00:46:04,600 --> 00:46:06,500
before the first bus
Monday morning.
966
00:46:06,500 --> 00:46:10,300
- Everybody don't go
to church on Sunday.
967
00:46:10,300 --> 00:46:11,500
[bluesy music]
968
00:46:11,500 --> 00:46:13,333
All right,
watch yourself.
969
00:46:13,333 --> 00:46:16,233
- Now, how do you know
about these places?
970
00:46:16,233 --> 00:46:19,433
- You hear things,
word gets out, you know?
971
00:46:19,433 --> 00:46:21,166
- Hey, Rev,
where you at, man?
972
00:46:21,166 --> 00:46:22,633
- Hey, Bubba.
973
00:46:22,633 --> 00:46:30,700
♪ ♪
974
00:46:32,300 --> 00:46:35,300
[laughter,
unintelligible chatter]
975
00:46:35,300 --> 00:46:43,400
♪ ♪
976
00:46:47,667 --> 00:46:49,200
woman: ♪ Oh, oh, ooh ♪
977
00:46:49,200 --> 00:46:53,500
♪ You're gonna cry and cry ♪
978
00:46:53,500 --> 00:46:54,767
[cheers and applause]
♪ Yeah, yeah ♪
979
00:46:54,767 --> 00:46:58,633
- Everybody, please remember
to stay off the buses, okay?
980
00:46:58,633 --> 00:47:01,033
- Hey, Rev,
981
00:47:01,033 --> 00:47:04,266
you want to shoot
some stick?
982
00:47:09,900 --> 00:47:11,233
- [chuckles]
983
00:47:14,700 --> 00:47:18,133
- So I'll see you in church
tomorrow, right, boy?
984
00:47:18,133 --> 00:47:20,066
- Damn,
you some shooter, Rev.
985
00:47:20,066 --> 00:47:21,867
- Y'all gonna play again?
986
00:47:21,867 --> 00:47:23,333
- Nah, that's all right.
987
00:47:23,333 --> 00:47:25,467
I think my best pool shooting
days' behind me,
988
00:47:25,467 --> 00:47:27,100
but I appreciate you
taking it easy on me.
989
00:47:27,100 --> 00:47:28,834
- Wasn't going easy on you.
990
00:47:28,834 --> 00:47:30,667
Guess maybe you had
some divine help.
991
00:47:30,667 --> 00:47:32,934
- Maybe so.
992
00:47:32,934 --> 00:47:35,900
[bluesy music]
993
00:47:35,900 --> 00:47:39,467
♪ ♪
994
00:47:39,467 --> 00:47:41,667
I think by the time
some of these folks leave
995
00:47:41,667 --> 00:47:44,266
out of here tonight,
the boycott may be over.
996
00:47:44,266 --> 00:47:46,333
- ♪ On a blind man ♪
997
00:47:46,333 --> 00:47:48,333
♪ ♪
998
00:47:48,333 --> 00:47:52,834
- ♪ And Lord have mercy
on me ♪
999
00:47:52,834 --> 00:47:54,800
♪ Oh ♪
1000
00:47:54,800 --> 00:47:59,533
woman: ♪ Lord, have mercy
on a blind man ♪
1001
00:47:59,533 --> 00:48:00,767
♪ ♪
1002
00:48:00,767 --> 00:48:03,333
man: ♪ Jesus,
you're the only one
1003
00:48:03,333 --> 00:48:05,233
♪ That can make me ♪
1004
00:48:05,233 --> 00:48:07,100
♪ See ♪
1005
00:48:07,100 --> 00:48:12,900
♪ ♪
1006
00:48:12,900 --> 00:48:15,934
[music fading]
1007
00:48:50,467 --> 00:48:53,100
- It's time for church.
1008
00:48:53,100 --> 00:48:57,000
- That King fella,
he's a--he's a troublemaker,
1009
00:48:57,000 --> 00:48:58,900
if you want my opinion.
1010
00:48:58,900 --> 00:49:00,300
- Don't believe what you read
1011
00:49:00,300 --> 00:49:03,266
and only half of what you hear.
1012
00:49:03,266 --> 00:49:04,734
- Who you think it was?
1013
00:49:04,734 --> 00:49:06,600
- Well, I'm afraid
somebody from our board
1014
00:49:06,600 --> 00:49:08,533
is talking to the city
behind our back.
1015
00:49:08,533 --> 00:49:10,367
- You're kidding me.
1016
00:49:10,367 --> 00:49:11,667
We got our Judas.
1017
00:49:11,667 --> 00:49:13,133
- We didn't know.
1018
00:49:13,133 --> 00:49:14,834
We were summoned
by the mayor.
1019
00:49:14,834 --> 00:49:16,600
They said it was
an insurance matter.
1020
00:49:16,600 --> 00:49:19,300
- Well, so then you never
volunteered a settlement
1021
00:49:19,300 --> 00:49:20,967
on behalf of the MIA?
1022
00:49:20,967 --> 00:49:22,567
- No, sir.
1023
00:49:22,567 --> 00:49:25,567
They made like it was something
that already been settled,
1024
00:49:25,567 --> 00:49:27,433
asked us to sign it.
1025
00:49:27,433 --> 00:49:29,567
- Well, Reverend,
it's vital you make
1026
00:49:29,567 --> 00:49:31,000
the truth public.
1027
00:49:31,000 --> 00:49:34,100
- I think it would be
to your best interest to do so.
1028
00:49:34,100 --> 00:49:35,633
- Yes, sir.
1029
00:49:35,633 --> 00:49:38,400
I could see
how that would be.
1030
00:49:38,400 --> 00:49:39,967
- Well, all right.
Good evening, now.
1031
00:49:39,967 --> 00:49:41,467
- Good evening.
1032
00:49:41,467 --> 00:49:42,667
- You take care.
God bless.
1033
00:49:42,667 --> 00:49:44,066
- Yes, sir.
1034
00:49:45,300 --> 00:49:48,133
- Now, if we expose this story,
we're calling
1035
00:49:48,133 --> 00:49:50,166
the most powerful men
in Montgomery liars.
1036
00:49:50,166 --> 00:49:51,967
- If the shoe fits,
wear it.
1037
00:49:51,967 --> 00:49:54,066
- But you know these white folks
won't see it that way.
1038
00:49:54,066 --> 00:49:56,100
Bad enough they cut a deal
with a bunch of Negroes,
1039
00:49:56,100 --> 00:49:57,800
then the whole thing
falls through anyway.
1040
00:49:57,800 --> 00:49:59,233
- That's not our problem.
1041
00:49:59,233 --> 00:50:00,633
- No, it is our problem.
1042
00:50:00,633 --> 00:50:02,066
Makes them look weak.
1043
00:50:02,066 --> 00:50:04,934
In order to look strong now,
they got to strike back.
1044
00:50:08,266 --> 00:50:11,266
[slow piano music]
1045
00:50:11,266 --> 00:50:19,333
♪ ♪
1046
00:50:22,967 --> 00:50:26,767
- Negroes can get where they're
going from the back of the bus.
1047
00:50:26,767 --> 00:50:28,266
♪ ♪
1048
00:50:28,266 --> 00:50:31,967
- Sam here sits up front
with me all the time.
1049
00:50:31,967 --> 00:50:33,300
Am I lying, Sam?
1050
00:50:36,100 --> 00:50:37,333
- The White Citizens' Council
1051
00:50:37,333 --> 00:50:39,700
just got three
brand-new members.
1052
00:50:39,700 --> 00:50:43,033
Imagine that.
1053
00:50:43,033 --> 00:50:44,700
- Imagine that.
1054
00:50:47,734 --> 00:50:50,467
- We believed
we had an agreement,
1055
00:50:50,467 --> 00:50:53,266
but the Negro leaders
have betrayed us.
1056
00:50:53,266 --> 00:50:55,166
man: The Negro radicals
think that they can force
1057
00:50:55,166 --> 00:50:56,800
the white people
in this community
1058
00:50:56,800 --> 00:50:57,934
to submit to their demands.
1059
00:50:57,934 --> 00:51:00,433
- E.D., ain't no preachers
in here.
1060
00:51:00,433 --> 00:51:02,934
man: They don't really care
about a better bus service
1061
00:51:02,934 --> 00:51:04,300
for their people.
1062
00:51:04,300 --> 00:51:06,233
What they are after
is the destruction
1063
00:51:06,233 --> 00:51:08,800
of our social fabric,
our way of life.
1064
00:51:08,800 --> 00:51:09,934
- And we will.
1065
00:51:09,934 --> 00:51:11,767
- We'll show them crackers.
1066
00:51:11,767 --> 00:51:14,667
[man speaking unintelligibly]
1067
00:51:14,667 --> 00:51:17,967
- You are not gonna
believe this.
1068
00:51:17,967 --> 00:51:19,400
Ten traffic tickets,
1069
00:51:19,400 --> 00:51:20,734
seven of them for speeding.
1070
00:51:20,734 --> 00:51:22,767
man: Let 'em walk
till the end of time.
1071
00:51:22,767 --> 00:51:26,133
- Miss Robinson likes
to get where she going.
1072
00:51:26,133 --> 00:51:29,400
- These three here
are for going too slow,
1073
00:51:29,400 --> 00:51:31,533
and that's just
in the last two days.
1074
00:51:31,533 --> 00:51:34,834
They are ticketing everybody
who's riding the boycotts.
1075
00:51:34,834 --> 00:51:37,166
And believe me,
they're not cheap.
1076
00:51:37,166 --> 00:51:39,000
- Mm-mm.
[phone ringing]
1077
00:51:39,000 --> 00:51:40,433
man: And let them know
in Washington, D.C.,
1078
00:51:40,433 --> 00:51:42,567
that we got something
going on down here.
1079
00:51:42,567 --> 00:51:46,000
man: Now, this can only
end badly for all of us.
1080
00:51:46,000 --> 00:51:48,834
This goes to the heart
of our...
1081
00:51:48,834 --> 00:51:50,266
- MIA?
1082
00:51:50,266 --> 00:51:51,867
Yes.
[phone ringing]
1083
00:51:51,867 --> 00:51:53,533
Oh, yes,
you can sign up for a ride.
1084
00:51:53,533 --> 00:51:55,233
man: Women, our children...
[ringing continues]
1085
00:51:55,233 --> 00:51:58,633
- Well, just leave us your name,
and I'll let you know about it.
1086
00:51:58,633 --> 00:52:02,166
Just--will somebody please
pick up the other phone?
1087
00:52:02,166 --> 00:52:03,633
- Hello?
1088
00:52:03,633 --> 00:52:05,633
- We're asking you
to pay the fine yourself.
1089
00:52:05,633 --> 00:52:07,033
- Not at this time.
1090
00:52:07,033 --> 00:52:08,533
We can't.
1091
00:52:08,533 --> 00:52:11,567
Well, we're figuring out
a system to reimburse people.
1092
00:52:11,567 --> 00:52:13,600
- These tickets are gonna send
their insurance premiums
1093
00:52:13,600 --> 00:52:14,834
through the roof
1094
00:52:14,834 --> 00:52:16,734
as a provision in the law
that allows a state
1095
00:52:16,734 --> 00:52:19,667
to take action against drivers
who are deemed to be hazardous.
1096
00:52:19,667 --> 00:52:21,900
And too many traffic tickets
and, uh...
1097
00:52:21,900 --> 00:52:23,100
- They gonna confiscate cars.
1098
00:52:23,100 --> 00:52:25,033
- They could confiscate
their cars.
1099
00:52:25,033 --> 00:52:28,000
[upbeat music]
1100
00:52:28,000 --> 00:52:33,867
♪ ♪
1101
00:52:33,867 --> 00:52:38,233
- Tell all my friends that
Reverend Martin Luther King Jr.
1102
00:52:38,233 --> 00:52:40,700
was my own personal driver.
1103
00:52:40,700 --> 00:52:43,433
[laughter]
1104
00:52:43,433 --> 00:52:45,600
- You tell 'em, sister.
woman: Mm-hmm.
1105
00:52:45,600 --> 00:52:48,900
[laughter]
1106
00:52:48,900 --> 00:52:50,100
- Be careful now.
1107
00:52:50,100 --> 00:52:51,967
- Oh, I see 'em.
1108
00:52:51,967 --> 00:52:54,800
[percussive music]
1109
00:52:54,800 --> 00:52:55,900
[siren wails]
1110
00:52:55,900 --> 00:52:57,400
- Oh, shit.
1111
00:52:57,400 --> 00:52:59,967
[gasps softly]
Uh, pardon me, Reverend.
1112
00:52:59,967 --> 00:53:01,400
- That's quite all right,
sister.
1113
00:53:01,400 --> 00:53:03,333
I share your sentiment.
1114
00:53:12,934 --> 00:53:14,700
Can I help you, Officer?
1115
00:53:14,700 --> 00:53:17,333
- Step out of the car.
Just him.
1116
00:53:25,133 --> 00:53:26,700
Martin King.
1117
00:53:26,700 --> 00:53:28,066
- I've done something wrong?
1118
00:53:28,066 --> 00:53:29,567
- You were doin'
30 miles an hour
1119
00:53:29,567 --> 00:53:30,967
in a 25 mile speed zone.
1120
00:53:30,967 --> 00:53:32,066
- Then write me a ticket.
1121
00:53:32,066 --> 00:53:33,867
- Shut up.
Get up against the car.
1122
00:53:33,867 --> 00:53:35,066
- He didn't do anything!
1123
00:53:35,066 --> 00:53:36,800
- What are you doing?
- I'm arresting you.
1124
00:53:36,800 --> 00:53:38,500
You get back in the car!
1125
00:53:38,500 --> 00:53:39,700
Give me your hands.
1126
00:53:39,700 --> 00:53:41,467
- Oh, I hope
he don't hurt him.
1127
00:53:41,467 --> 00:53:42,900
- Look,
take me with you.
1128
00:53:42,900 --> 00:53:44,433
He didn't do anything!
1129
00:53:44,433 --> 00:53:45,633
- You back away!
1130
00:53:45,633 --> 00:53:47,834
Step away from my car!
1131
00:53:47,834 --> 00:53:49,133
- Find Coretta.
1132
00:53:49,133 --> 00:53:51,000
Find my wife and let her know
what happened.
1133
00:53:51,000 --> 00:53:52,433
both: Yes, Reverend.
1134
00:53:52,433 --> 00:53:55,200
[dramatic music]
1135
00:53:55,200 --> 00:53:56,367
[camera shutter clicks]
1136
00:53:56,367 --> 00:54:04,467
♪ ♪
1137
00:54:15,600 --> 00:54:17,133
Martin: You see,
within the belly
1138
00:54:17,133 --> 00:54:19,800
of that first slave ship,
you didn't have to worry
1139
00:54:19,800 --> 00:54:23,967
about whether or not you were
sitting in the proper section.
1140
00:54:23,967 --> 00:54:25,900
You didn't have to worry
about getting up
1141
00:54:25,900 --> 00:54:29,100
to give your seat
to a white person.
1142
00:54:29,100 --> 00:54:31,567
You were loaded
into the belly of that ship
1143
00:54:31,567 --> 00:54:36,033
on a first come,
first to serve basis.
1144
00:54:36,033 --> 00:54:41,266
And then a Negro who dared
to reject the circumstances
1145
00:54:41,266 --> 00:54:43,667
under which he suffered,
well,
1146
00:54:43,667 --> 00:54:46,200
that Negro was a problem.
1147
00:54:46,200 --> 00:54:49,100
[pensive music]
1148
00:54:49,100 --> 00:54:50,734
- They took him out of his car,
1149
00:54:50,734 --> 00:54:52,600
and he didn't do nothing wrong!
1150
00:55:03,667 --> 00:55:06,300
Martin:
This your first time, hmm?
1151
00:55:06,300 --> 00:55:09,233
Never been here before?
1152
00:55:09,233 --> 00:55:11,834
Well, no, never before.
1153
00:55:11,834 --> 00:55:13,834
You see that hook there?
1154
00:55:13,834 --> 00:55:14,934
Where?
1155
00:55:14,934 --> 00:55:16,967
Mm.
1156
00:55:16,967 --> 00:55:19,900
You know what that's for.
1157
00:55:19,900 --> 00:55:21,867
Mm.
1158
00:55:21,867 --> 00:55:24,467
40 days, 40 days.
1159
00:55:24,467 --> 00:55:26,500
[whispers] 40 days,
40 days.
1160
00:55:26,500 --> 00:55:30,967
And he went up,
and he looked over.
1161
00:55:30,967 --> 00:55:34,700
But, see, you have not yielded
to the possibility
1162
00:55:34,700 --> 00:55:37,266
of the inevitable.
1163
00:55:37,266 --> 00:55:39,367
That's not for you.
1164
00:55:39,367 --> 00:55:41,266
That's not for you yet.
1165
00:55:46,700 --> 00:55:48,934
- This is a property bond.
1166
00:55:48,934 --> 00:55:50,967
- Only way to make
bail's with cash.
1167
00:55:50,967 --> 00:55:53,066
- This is an accepted form
of bail payment
1168
00:55:53,066 --> 00:55:57,033
throughout the entire state
of Alabama, sir.
1169
00:55:57,033 --> 00:55:58,200
- Not this time of night.
1170
00:55:58,200 --> 00:55:59,600
- Well, this is
an acceptable way--
1171
00:55:59,600 --> 00:56:02,033
- Take a look at this.
1172
00:56:02,033 --> 00:56:03,867
men: ♪ The blood won't atone ♪
1173
00:56:03,867 --> 00:56:07,266
♪ If we don't bring these
issues to the light ♪
1174
00:56:07,266 --> 00:56:09,433
♪ Feel like going on ♪
1175
00:56:09,433 --> 00:56:12,166
♪ Trials in your life
come to make you strong ♪
1176
00:56:12,166 --> 00:56:14,266
♪ So hold your head up,
stick your chest out ♪
1177
00:56:14,266 --> 00:56:15,800
♪ Ain't no doubt
about this here ♪
1178
00:56:15,800 --> 00:56:17,367
♪ God's gonna bring you out ♪
1179
00:56:17,367 --> 00:56:20,266
♪ In the morning, he gon'
wipe all those tears away ♪
1180
00:56:20,266 --> 00:56:22,734
♪ Make it through the night,
there's a brighter day ♪
1181
00:56:22,734 --> 00:56:25,567
♪ Got to know that you never
gon' be left alone ♪
1182
00:56:25,567 --> 00:56:28,433
♪ God's gon' deal with these
issues if you hold on ♪
1183
00:56:28,433 --> 00:56:36,500
♪ ♪
1184
00:56:44,100 --> 00:56:46,500
- Reverend Martin,
this is Harry Phillips.
1185
00:56:46,500 --> 00:56:48,100
- Evening, Brother Phillips.
1186
00:56:48,100 --> 00:56:49,800
- Evening, Reverend King.
1187
00:56:49,800 --> 00:56:52,367
- He's gonna be your driver.
1188
00:56:52,367 --> 00:56:54,433
- What do I need
with a chauffeur?
1189
00:56:54,433 --> 00:56:56,700
- Look, we can't have you
driving anymore.
1190
00:56:56,700 --> 00:57:01,000
It just ain't worth the risk.
1191
00:57:01,000 --> 00:57:02,767
- Well, let's go on home.
1192
00:57:12,967 --> 00:57:15,967
[pensive blues music]
1193
00:57:15,967 --> 00:57:19,800
♪ ♪
1194
00:57:19,800 --> 00:57:24,200
Coretta: ♪ Happy birthday
to you ♪
1195
00:57:24,200 --> 00:57:29,266
♪ Happy birthday,
dear Daddy ♪
1196
00:57:29,266 --> 00:57:33,934
♪ Happy birthday to you ♪
1197
00:57:33,934 --> 00:57:42,000
♪ ♪
1198
00:57:48,367 --> 00:57:51,433
[phone ringing]
1199
00:58:02,133 --> 00:58:04,533
- Yes?
1200
00:58:16,400 --> 00:58:19,367
[somber music]
1201
00:58:19,367 --> 00:58:27,467
♪ ♪
1202
00:58:30,233 --> 00:58:33,266
[phone ringing]
1203
00:58:44,367 --> 00:58:46,100
Yes?
1204
00:58:48,834 --> 00:58:51,734
Do not threaten my family.
1205
00:59:11,700 --> 00:59:13,900
[bottle thuds]
1206
00:59:17,500 --> 00:59:25,567
♪ ♪
1207
00:59:34,600 --> 00:59:37,400
[sniffles]
1208
00:59:43,800 --> 00:59:46,900
Lord...
1209
00:59:46,900 --> 00:59:51,333
I'm here taking a stand
for what I believe is right.
1210
00:59:53,300 --> 00:59:57,500
But now I'm afraid.
1211
00:59:57,500 --> 01:00:00,333
People are looking at me
1212
01:00:00,333 --> 01:00:04,600
for leadership.
1213
01:00:04,600 --> 01:00:08,667
But I'm at the end
of my power.
1214
01:00:08,667 --> 01:00:10,700
If we are wrong...
1215
01:00:10,700 --> 01:00:13,834
I don't think
I can do it anymore.
1216
01:00:13,834 --> 01:00:17,133
If we are wrong,
Jesus of Nazareth...
1217
01:00:17,133 --> 01:00:18,900
Help me, Lord.
1218
01:00:18,900 --> 01:00:21,567
Was merely a utopian dreamer
and never came down to Earth.
1219
01:00:21,567 --> 01:00:22,867
Help.
1220
01:00:22,867 --> 01:00:25,200
If we are wrong,
justice is a lie.
1221
01:00:25,200 --> 01:00:28,266
And we are determined
to work here in Montgomery,
1222
01:00:28,266 --> 01:00:31,400
to work and to fight
until justice rolls down
1223
01:00:31,400 --> 01:00:35,100
like waters and righteousness
like a mighty stream,
1224
01:00:35,100 --> 01:00:37,400
and when the history books
are written,
1225
01:00:37,400 --> 01:00:41,433
somebody will have to say,
"There lived a race of people,
1226
01:00:41,433 --> 01:00:45,433
"a black people, fleecy locks
and black complexion,
1227
01:00:45,433 --> 01:00:48,633
"who had the moral courage
to stand up for their rights,
1228
01:00:48,633 --> 01:00:50,734
"and thereby they injected
a new meaning
1229
01:00:50,734 --> 01:00:53,567
into the veins of history
and civilization."
1230
01:00:53,567 --> 01:00:56,767
And we are going to do that
here in Montgomery.
1231
01:00:56,767 --> 01:01:00,667
God grant that we will do it
before it's too late.
1232
01:01:00,667 --> 01:01:03,734
[woman vocalizing]
1233
01:01:05,233 --> 01:01:08,100
- I have today instructed
the police department
1234
01:01:08,100 --> 01:01:10,633
to break up congregations
of Negroes
1235
01:01:10,633 --> 01:01:13,233
that are loitering
in white residential districts.
1236
01:01:13,233 --> 01:01:14,767
man: The Bible's
very clear about
1237
01:01:14,767 --> 01:01:16,433
the separation of the races.
1238
01:01:16,433 --> 01:01:18,100
man: Animals in the woods
don't mix.
1239
01:01:18,100 --> 01:01:19,633
The fish in the rivers
don't mix.
1240
01:01:19,633 --> 01:01:21,233
man: I don't care
what the Bible says
1241
01:01:21,233 --> 01:01:22,867
or what the Bible doesn't say.
1242
01:01:22,867 --> 01:01:25,667
man: This will only lead to
a mongrelization of the races.
1243
01:01:25,667 --> 01:01:27,967
man: Furthermore,
many, uh, local businessmen
1244
01:01:27,967 --> 01:01:30,734
have promised me they're
gonna lay off Negro workers
1245
01:01:30,734 --> 01:01:33,967
who are being used
by outside agitators
1246
01:01:33,967 --> 01:01:38,333
from the NAACP
as instruments in this boycott.
1247
01:01:38,333 --> 01:01:41,266
- Ain't no good
gonna come out of this.
1248
01:01:41,266 --> 01:01:44,233
People getting all riled up.
1249
01:01:50,166 --> 01:01:51,800
- Well, I'm sorry it happened.
1250
01:01:51,800 --> 01:01:54,567
But we still urgently
need your car.
1251
01:01:54,567 --> 01:01:57,800
No, you're not expected
to pay for it.
1252
01:01:57,800 --> 01:02:00,066
We have a fund that covers it.
1253
01:02:00,066 --> 01:02:02,600
Just send your repair bill
to our treasurer,
1254
01:02:02,600 --> 01:02:03,700
Mr. E.D. Nixon.
1255
01:02:03,700 --> 01:02:05,600
- Repair bill?
Fine.
1256
01:02:05,600 --> 01:02:08,166
How much money you got in your
pocketbook, Miss Robinson?
1257
01:02:08,166 --> 01:02:11,834
[laughter]
1258
01:02:11,834 --> 01:02:13,433
- Reverend.
- Hmm?
1259
01:02:13,433 --> 01:02:17,467
- How long has that police car
been sitting out there?
1260
01:02:17,467 --> 01:02:20,066
- I don't know.
Long enough, I suppose.
1261
01:02:22,767 --> 01:02:24,333
Tell me something.
1262
01:02:24,333 --> 01:02:26,567
Is your landlord
a white man?
1263
01:02:30,066 --> 01:02:30,934
- Listen, everybody.
1264
01:02:30,934 --> 01:02:32,967
We moving out of here
right now.
1265
01:02:32,967 --> 01:02:33,900
- What?
1266
01:02:33,900 --> 01:02:35,967
- Grab everything
that you can carry.
1267
01:02:35,967 --> 01:02:36,900
Get everything out of here.
1268
01:02:36,900 --> 01:02:38,800
- What's going on,
Reverend Abernathy?
1269
01:02:38,800 --> 01:02:40,667
- The police are out there,
and if they evict us,
1270
01:02:40,667 --> 01:02:42,400
they get to keep
everything in here.
1271
01:02:42,400 --> 01:02:45,400
[tense music]
1272
01:02:45,400 --> 01:02:48,834
♪ ♪
1273
01:02:48,834 --> 01:02:50,100
- They've got no reason.
1274
01:02:50,100 --> 01:02:51,266
- They will find a reason.
1275
01:02:51,266 --> 01:02:53,066
They always find reasons.
1276
01:02:53,066 --> 01:02:56,800
♪ ♪
1277
01:02:56,800 --> 01:02:58,300
man: Where we moving to?
1278
01:02:58,300 --> 01:03:00,433
Abernathy: Anywhere, as long
as it's owned by a Negro.
1279
01:03:00,433 --> 01:03:02,900
♪ ♪
1280
01:03:02,900 --> 01:03:04,333
- Go, go, go, go!
1281
01:03:04,333 --> 01:03:12,400
♪ ♪
1282
01:03:18,333 --> 01:03:20,033
- Let's go, come on.
Hurry, hurry, hurry.
1283
01:03:20,033 --> 01:03:24,500
♪ ♪
1284
01:03:24,500 --> 01:03:26,066
- Good day, officers.
1285
01:03:27,500 --> 01:03:29,967
- It's supporting
an illegal boycott.
1286
01:03:29,967 --> 01:03:31,934
- What do you expect me to do?
1287
01:03:31,934 --> 01:03:33,333
She has a limp,
poor thing.
1288
01:03:33,333 --> 01:03:35,734
She's lame.
She can't walk to work.
1289
01:03:35,734 --> 01:03:38,567
- Well, what she does
is her problem.
1290
01:03:38,567 --> 01:03:41,367
Now, every time I see you
driving her,
1291
01:03:41,367 --> 01:03:43,934
I'm gonna give you a ticket.
1292
01:03:43,934 --> 01:03:46,867
- My white lady always
be asking me about the boycott,
1293
01:03:46,867 --> 01:03:48,700
but I don't tell her nothing.
1294
01:03:48,700 --> 01:03:50,233
Better she don't know.
1295
01:03:50,233 --> 01:03:51,567
But I will tell you this--
1296
01:03:51,567 --> 01:03:54,000
- Joanna,
we have things to do.
1297
01:03:54,000 --> 01:03:55,500
- Yes.
1298
01:03:58,066 --> 01:04:00,433
- The city isn't offering
anything more
1299
01:04:00,433 --> 01:04:05,266
than the same old segregation
with increased bus fares.
1300
01:04:05,266 --> 01:04:06,734
Now, we've walked for months,
1301
01:04:06,734 --> 01:04:09,400
and I say we keep on walking
until our city fathers
1302
01:04:09,400 --> 01:04:11,567
give us what we're asking for.
1303
01:04:11,567 --> 01:04:14,633
[dog barking]
1304
01:04:16,133 --> 01:04:19,000
- The latest proposal by
the city now is just ludicrous.
1305
01:04:19,000 --> 01:04:21,266
- I agree with E.D.
I agree with E.D.
1306
01:04:21,266 --> 01:04:24,667
[all talking at once]
1307
01:04:24,667 --> 01:04:26,934
- Ladies and gentlemen,
now, we've been at this
1308
01:04:26,934 --> 01:04:28,800
for 56 days now.
1309
01:04:28,800 --> 01:04:31,100
And I think the boycott
has succeeded
1310
01:04:31,100 --> 01:04:32,934
beyond our wildest--
- Succeeded?
1311
01:04:32,934 --> 01:04:35,633
[all talking at once]
1312
01:04:35,633 --> 01:04:38,233
- I do believe it is time
for us to be reasonable.
1313
01:04:38,233 --> 01:04:40,100
- Reasonable for what?
- What is reasonable?
1314
01:04:40,100 --> 01:04:43,433
- Now, let Reverend Banyon
finish his point, please!
1315
01:04:43,433 --> 01:04:45,400
- Now, let me tell you
what is reasonable.
1316
01:04:45,400 --> 01:04:47,934
If they give us two
out of three of our demands,
1317
01:04:47,934 --> 01:04:49,033
I think we ought to take that.
1318
01:04:49,033 --> 01:04:51,266
- We'd be at the same place
as we were before.
1319
01:04:51,266 --> 01:04:52,734
[all talking at once]
1320
01:04:52,734 --> 01:04:55,600
- Hold on, now.
Hold on, now.
1321
01:04:55,600 --> 01:04:59,266
Look, it seems to me
that were we tonight
1322
01:04:59,266 --> 01:05:01,233
to tell the people
that it's time for them
1323
01:05:01,233 --> 01:05:04,567
to get back on the buses,
we would be ostracized,
1324
01:05:04,567 --> 01:05:05,734
completely laughed at.
1325
01:05:05,734 --> 01:05:07,900
- Yes, yes.
- Exactly right.
1326
01:05:07,900 --> 01:05:10,567
- Look, they have had
the courage
1327
01:05:10,567 --> 01:05:12,166
to continue walking.
1328
01:05:12,166 --> 01:05:15,166
We should have the courage
to hold the line.
1329
01:05:15,166 --> 01:05:16,500
- Hold the line.
1330
01:05:16,500 --> 01:05:20,133
- Continue, continue, continue,
continue, continue.
1331
01:05:20,133 --> 01:05:22,467
- Here we are trying
to lead a movement
1332
01:05:22,467 --> 01:05:25,834
we can't ever seem
to catch up to.
1333
01:05:25,834 --> 01:05:29,633
Is there some way we can bypass
the state courts?
1334
01:05:29,633 --> 01:05:31,233
- Mm...
1335
01:05:31,233 --> 01:05:34,333
Not in Rosa's case,
but we could file
1336
01:05:34,333 --> 01:05:36,800
a separate suit
at the federal level
1337
01:05:36,800 --> 01:05:39,867
and go after segregation
on a constitutional ground.
1338
01:05:39,867 --> 01:05:41,200
- Hmm.
1339
01:05:41,200 --> 01:05:43,333
- We've been waiting
for an opportunity like that.
1340
01:05:43,333 --> 01:05:45,200
The success of the boycott
might just
1341
01:05:45,200 --> 01:05:47,266
give us the leverage we need
to pull it off.
1342
01:05:47,266 --> 01:05:49,200
- If we go federal,
we gonna bring down
1343
01:05:49,200 --> 01:05:51,600
a lot more heat on ourselves,
a whole lot.
1344
01:05:51,600 --> 01:05:54,367
- Mm-hmm.
You can't deny that.
1345
01:05:54,367 --> 01:05:59,333
If we're asking the federal
court to overrule segregation,
1346
01:05:59,333 --> 01:06:01,100
we gonna need some
additional plaintiffs
1347
01:06:01,100 --> 01:06:03,700
to strengthen our case,
1348
01:06:03,700 --> 01:06:06,133
and certain folks gonna have
to put themselves at risk.
1349
01:06:06,133 --> 01:06:08,533
[child laughing]
1350
01:06:08,533 --> 01:06:12,467
- So Attorney Gray
is drafting a lawsuit
1351
01:06:12,467 --> 01:06:14,467
demanding that the city
segregation laws
1352
01:06:14,467 --> 01:06:15,900
be declared null and void.
1353
01:06:15,900 --> 01:06:18,800
- On the grounds that it
violates the 14th Amendment.
1354
01:06:18,800 --> 01:06:21,166
- And which one
was that, brother?
1355
01:06:21,166 --> 01:06:23,200
- The right to equal protection
under the law.
1356
01:06:23,200 --> 01:06:25,166
Martin: The suit will be filed
this afternoon.
1357
01:06:25,166 --> 01:06:27,800
- Are you saying we going to
the Supreme Court or something?
1358
01:06:27,800 --> 01:06:29,934
Martin: No, no, no.
- Reverend King--
1359
01:06:29,934 --> 01:06:31,934
- Federal court?
- No, it's a separate matter.
1360
01:06:31,934 --> 01:06:34,600
- Now, you gonna sabotage
our negotiations with the city.
1361
01:06:34,600 --> 01:06:37,033
- The city already sabotaged
the negotiations themselves
1362
01:06:37,033 --> 01:06:39,200
by not being willing
to negotiate.
1363
01:06:39,200 --> 01:06:41,166
I mean, they didn't come
to the table in good faith.
1364
01:06:41,166 --> 01:06:43,033
- Now, that's a declaration
of war.
1365
01:06:43,033 --> 01:06:45,233
You gonna give them reason
to kill us.
1366
01:06:45,233 --> 01:06:46,967
- Well, look, Reverend Banyon,
from the beginning,
1367
01:06:46,967 --> 01:06:49,367
the only thing we have asked for
is a modified system
1368
01:06:49,367 --> 01:06:52,300
of segregation, and they already
want to kill us.
1369
01:06:52,300 --> 01:06:54,533
So it seems to me they leave us
with two choices.
1370
01:06:54,533 --> 01:06:57,100
Either we give in,
or we just go in
1371
01:06:57,100 --> 01:06:58,533
over their heads
and rid ourselves
1372
01:06:58,533 --> 01:07:00,667
of segregation altogether.
1373
01:07:00,667 --> 01:07:02,200
Fields: Reverend King,
you walking out
1374
01:07:02,200 --> 01:07:04,033
on a very dangerous limb,
1375
01:07:04,033 --> 01:07:07,233
and you asking us
to go with you.
1376
01:07:07,233 --> 01:07:10,633
- At this point,
our only plaintiffs are women.
1377
01:07:10,633 --> 01:07:13,200
However, we would like
to include some of our men
1378
01:07:13,200 --> 01:07:17,367
as part of the lawsuit,
and at least one minister.
1379
01:07:17,367 --> 01:07:22,367
A minister has great symbolic
value in the community.
1380
01:07:22,367 --> 01:07:23,967
Now, the Reverends
King and Abernathy
1381
01:07:23,967 --> 01:07:26,200
wouldn't be good choices
because they are too much
1382
01:07:26,200 --> 01:07:27,834
in the limelight.
1383
01:07:27,834 --> 01:07:30,133
- My--my grievances
are not personal.
1384
01:07:30,133 --> 01:07:32,000
- That's right.
1385
01:07:32,000 --> 01:07:35,000
They're on behalf
of my parishioners.
1386
01:07:35,000 --> 01:07:38,367
man: I agree with that.
I agree with that.
1387
01:07:38,367 --> 01:07:40,266
- Will not one of you volunteer?
1388
01:07:57,333 --> 01:07:58,967
Uh, we gonna have
to make this work
1389
01:07:58,967 --> 01:08:00,967
with the plaintiffs we have.
1390
01:08:00,967 --> 01:08:03,300
If we keep the boycott running,
the court's gonna have
1391
01:08:03,300 --> 01:08:05,066
a hard time avoiding us.
1392
01:08:05,066 --> 01:08:07,333
- Let's hope.
1393
01:08:07,333 --> 01:08:09,800
- The Negroes are trying
to make this a federal case,
1394
01:08:09,800 --> 01:08:12,266
but we're not gonna
let that happen.
1395
01:08:12,266 --> 01:08:14,734
We don't want
Washington politicians
1396
01:08:14,734 --> 01:08:17,033
telling us
how to run our business
1397
01:08:17,033 --> 01:08:19,467
and how to live our lives.
1398
01:08:19,467 --> 01:08:21,500
We have rights too.
1399
01:08:21,500 --> 01:08:23,633
This boycott is illegal.
1400
01:08:23,633 --> 01:08:27,333
Now, the Negroes can either
accept our final offer
1401
01:08:27,333 --> 01:08:29,834
or suffer the consequences.
1402
01:08:29,834 --> 01:08:32,500
- You see, in the belly
of those slave ships,
1403
01:08:32,500 --> 01:08:35,433
it didn't matter
whether you sat
1404
01:08:35,433 --> 01:08:38,033
in the right section or not.
1405
01:08:38,033 --> 01:08:40,300
You see, you didn't have
to worry about getting up
1406
01:08:40,300 --> 01:08:43,266
to give your seat
to a white person.
1407
01:08:43,266 --> 01:08:46,033
You were loaded into the belly
of that slave ship
1408
01:08:46,033 --> 01:08:48,667
on a first come,
first to serve basis.
1409
01:08:48,667 --> 01:08:49,767
all: Yeah.
[applause]
1410
01:08:49,767 --> 01:08:54,367
- And any Negro who dared
question the circumstance
1411
01:08:54,367 --> 01:08:58,734
under which he suffered, well,
now that Negro was a problem.
1412
01:08:58,734 --> 01:09:00,867
woman: ♪ You may be
an ambassador ♪
1413
01:09:00,867 --> 01:09:03,700
♪ To England or France ♪
1414
01:09:03,700 --> 01:09:06,033
♪ You might like to gamble ♪
1415
01:09:06,033 --> 01:09:08,500
♪ You might like to dance ♪
1416
01:09:08,500 --> 01:09:11,000
♪ You may be
the heavyweight ♪
1417
01:09:11,000 --> 01:09:13,467
♪ Champion of the world ♪
1418
01:09:13,467 --> 01:09:15,767
♪ You may be a socialite ♪
1419
01:09:15,767 --> 01:09:18,033
♪ With a long string
of pearls ♪
1420
01:09:18,033 --> 01:09:21,033
♪ But you gonna serve
somebody ♪
1421
01:09:21,033 --> 01:09:22,834
chorus: ♪ Serve somebody ♪
1422
01:09:22,834 --> 01:09:25,300
woman: ♪ I want you to know
you gonna serve somebody ♪
1423
01:09:25,300 --> 01:09:28,400
- There comes a time
when time itself
1424
01:09:28,400 --> 01:09:29,900
is ready for a change.
1425
01:09:29,900 --> 01:09:31,333
all: Yes.
1426
01:09:31,333 --> 01:09:33,233
- And that time has come
in Montgomery.
1427
01:09:33,233 --> 01:09:35,066
women: ♪ But you gotta
serve somebody ♪
1428
01:09:35,066 --> 01:09:36,834
Our opponents--
and I hate to think
1429
01:09:36,834 --> 01:09:39,233
of our government officers
as opponents,
1430
01:09:39,233 --> 01:09:40,633
but that's what they are...
1431
01:09:40,633 --> 01:09:41,800
all: Yes. Yeah.
1432
01:09:41,800 --> 01:09:46,633
- They have tried all sorts
of things to break us.
1433
01:09:46,633 --> 01:09:49,600
But we still hold steadfast,
1434
01:09:49,600 --> 01:09:51,734
resolute.
1435
01:09:51,734 --> 01:09:55,667
And still,
we don't advocate violence.
1436
01:09:55,667 --> 01:09:57,233
We don't have to.
1437
01:09:57,233 --> 01:09:58,300
all: Yes.
1438
01:09:58,300 --> 01:10:01,000
- The Lord is with us.
all: Yes.
1439
01:10:01,000 --> 01:10:03,133
- And we are a chain.
1440
01:10:03,133 --> 01:10:07,433
We are linked together
indivisible.
1441
01:10:07,433 --> 01:10:11,100
I cannot be what I ought to be
1442
01:10:11,100 --> 01:10:14,066
unless you are
what you ought to be.
1443
01:10:14,066 --> 01:10:15,400
all: Amen. Right.
1444
01:10:15,400 --> 01:10:17,100
- We are a chain.
1445
01:10:17,100 --> 01:10:20,166
[applause]
1446
01:10:20,166 --> 01:10:23,233
- Now, we have good news
in Montgomery right now.
1447
01:10:23,233 --> 01:10:25,000
[approving murmurs]
1448
01:10:25,000 --> 01:10:28,266
Now, how do we protect
our feet?
1449
01:10:28,266 --> 01:10:32,433
We have all kinds of shoes
from all kinds of folks
1450
01:10:32,433 --> 01:10:34,300
from all over the country.
1451
01:10:34,300 --> 01:10:36,200
all: Yes.
[applause]
1452
01:10:36,200 --> 01:10:40,166
- Shoes to replace the shoes
that has been worn down
1453
01:10:40,166 --> 01:10:44,266
by us walking, shoes to help
keep us all walking.
1454
01:10:44,266 --> 01:10:45,700
all: Yes.
woman: All right.
1455
01:10:45,700 --> 01:10:47,734
- But we got
something else also.
1456
01:10:47,734 --> 01:10:50,066
[unintelligible murmurs]
1457
01:10:50,066 --> 01:10:52,867
I have here a check
1458
01:10:52,867 --> 01:10:57,066
from our brothers and sisters
in Mobile, Alabama,
1459
01:10:57,066 --> 01:11:00,100
for $500.43.
1460
01:11:00,100 --> 01:11:03,166
[applause]
1461
01:11:06,400 --> 01:11:08,633
They sent a letter with it,
1462
01:11:08,633 --> 01:11:10,333
I guess to keep us encouraged.
1463
01:11:10,333 --> 01:11:12,834
They said,
"Please accept this check
1464
01:11:12,834 --> 01:11:18,433
"for $500.43 for your cause
and our cause.
1465
01:11:18,433 --> 01:11:21,834
"We here in Mobile, Alabama,
support your fight.
1466
01:11:21,834 --> 01:11:26,166
"P.S.: The 43¢
is to let you know
1467
01:11:26,166 --> 01:11:28,400
that some more is coming."
1468
01:11:28,400 --> 01:11:30,133
[organ chords play]
1469
01:11:30,133 --> 01:11:33,533
[applause]
1470
01:11:33,533 --> 01:11:36,266
This new "get tough" policy...
1471
01:11:36,266 --> 01:11:38,166
man: Yeah?
- This ain't gon' stop us.
1472
01:11:38,166 --> 01:11:39,200
[shouts of agreement]
1473
01:11:39,200 --> 01:11:42,166
We all know the state
of Alabama's motto.
1474
01:11:42,166 --> 01:11:43,667
all: Heart of Dixie.
1475
01:11:43,667 --> 01:11:45,300
- Heart of Dixie, huh?
1476
01:11:45,300 --> 01:11:49,800
Well, I say let's keep on
walking until Dixie has a heart.
1477
01:11:49,800 --> 01:11:51,533
[cheers and applause]
1478
01:11:51,533 --> 01:11:54,967
woman: ♪ What a day
of rejoicing it would be ♪
1479
01:11:54,967 --> 01:11:58,600
♪ What a time,
what a time ♪
1480
01:11:58,600 --> 01:12:00,767
all: ♪ What a time,
what a time ♪
1481
01:12:00,767 --> 01:12:02,967
woman: ♪ One look at Jesus,
and we'll be ♪
1482
01:12:02,967 --> 01:12:05,900
all: ♪ Yes,
time ♪
1483
01:12:05,900 --> 01:12:09,767
♪ What a time,
what a time ♪
1484
01:12:09,767 --> 01:12:12,133
woman: ♪ I'm gonna
tell 'em all ♪
1485
01:12:12,133 --> 01:12:14,600
all: ♪ Yes,
time ♪
1486
01:12:14,600 --> 01:12:16,000
woman: ♪ What a time ♪
1487
01:12:16,000 --> 01:12:18,000
all: ♪ What a time ♪
1488
01:12:18,000 --> 01:12:19,800
♪ What a time ♪
1489
01:12:19,800 --> 01:12:23,900
woman: ♪ God's gonna
wipe my tears away ♪
1490
01:12:23,900 --> 01:12:25,500
♪ What a time ♪
1491
01:12:25,500 --> 01:12:27,000
♪ What a time ♪
1492
01:12:27,000 --> 01:12:29,867
all: ♪ What a time ♪
1493
01:12:29,867 --> 01:12:31,133
[glass shatters]
1494
01:12:31,133 --> 01:12:33,000
♪ Yes,
time ♪
1495
01:12:33,000 --> 01:12:34,533
- ♪ Thank you, Jesus ♪
1496
01:12:34,533 --> 01:12:36,400
♪ What a time ♪
1497
01:12:36,400 --> 01:12:38,500
♪ What a time,
what a time ♪
1498
01:12:38,500 --> 01:12:42,266
♪ Somebody sing it with me ♪
1499
01:12:42,266 --> 01:12:46,000
all: ♪ Doo, doo ♪
1500
01:12:46,000 --> 01:12:47,266
woman: ♪ Yes, Jesus ♪
1501
01:12:47,266 --> 01:12:48,867
all: ♪ Doo-dup, doo ♪
1502
01:12:48,867 --> 01:12:50,233
woman: ♪ Mm-mm-mm ♪
1503
01:12:50,233 --> 01:12:51,333
woman: Amen.
1504
01:12:51,333 --> 01:12:53,800
[applause]
1505
01:12:59,066 --> 01:13:01,000
- Brothers and sisters,
what do we do?
1506
01:13:01,000 --> 01:13:02,066
all: Fight on.
1507
01:13:02,066 --> 01:13:03,200
- We fight on.
1508
01:13:03,200 --> 01:13:05,600
And no matter
what the other side does,
1509
01:13:05,600 --> 01:13:07,300
it's one thing
that they cannot do,
1510
01:13:07,300 --> 01:13:10,166
and that is force us
back on them buses.
1511
01:13:10,166 --> 01:13:11,467
all: Amen.
1512
01:13:18,400 --> 01:13:19,433
- What is it?
1513
01:13:19,433 --> 01:13:21,066
- Your house has been bombed,
Martin.
1514
01:13:21,066 --> 01:13:22,233
- Coretta, Yolanda?
1515
01:13:22,233 --> 01:13:23,667
- We don't know yet.
1516
01:13:33,767 --> 01:13:35,500
chorus: ♪ Doo, doo ♪
1517
01:13:35,500 --> 01:13:38,367
[all talking at once]
1518
01:13:38,367 --> 01:13:40,367
♪ Doo, doo ♪
1519
01:13:40,367 --> 01:13:42,767
woman: ♪ Mm-mm-mm ♪
man: It's all over now.
1520
01:13:42,767 --> 01:13:44,367
- No, it ain't all over.
It's just started.
1521
01:13:44,367 --> 01:13:45,934
- We ain't goin' nowhere.
1522
01:13:45,934 --> 01:13:47,567
- That's right. That's right.
woman: ♪ Jesus ♪
1523
01:13:47,567 --> 01:13:50,100
chorus: ♪ Doo, doo ♪
1524
01:13:50,100 --> 01:13:51,867
woman: ♪ Oh, Lord ♪
1525
01:13:51,867 --> 01:13:52,934
♪ Thank you, Jesus ♪
1526
01:13:52,934 --> 01:13:55,934
chorus: ♪ Doo-dup, doo ♪
1527
01:13:55,934 --> 01:13:57,367
woman: ♪ When all of God's ♪
1528
01:13:57,367 --> 01:14:00,800
chorus: ♪ Children ♪
1529
01:14:00,800 --> 01:14:02,066
woman: ♪ When they get to ♪
1530
01:14:02,066 --> 01:14:04,567
chorus: ♪ Heaven ♪
1531
01:14:04,567 --> 01:14:06,467
- Reverend King,
I can assure you
1532
01:14:06,467 --> 01:14:09,533
that this type of activity
will not be tolerated.
1533
01:14:09,533 --> 01:14:11,433
man: My boys
will look into this.
1534
01:14:12,900 --> 01:14:15,367
woman: Want to know what
you're gonna do about...
1535
01:14:15,367 --> 01:14:17,800
[unintelligible chatter]
1536
01:14:17,800 --> 01:14:19,633
- Coretta?
1537
01:14:19,633 --> 01:14:21,300
woman: This ain't right.
1538
01:14:21,300 --> 01:14:24,400
[people speaking
unintelligibly]
1539
01:14:33,500 --> 01:14:34,867
- You all right?
1540
01:14:36,900 --> 01:14:38,734
- I'm all right.
1541
01:14:38,734 --> 01:14:39,800
- Yoki?
1542
01:14:39,800 --> 01:14:42,133
- She's fine.
She's in the back.
1543
01:14:42,133 --> 01:14:45,967
We're both fine.
1544
01:14:45,967 --> 01:14:47,734
- They ain't goin'.
1545
01:14:47,734 --> 01:14:50,767
[people yelling]
1546
01:14:53,400 --> 01:14:57,600
We are gonna have
a riot on our hands.
1547
01:14:57,600 --> 01:15:01,100
- I promise you
a full investigation.
1548
01:15:01,100 --> 01:15:04,100
We're offering $500
for information
1549
01:15:04,100 --> 01:15:06,467
leading to the arrest
of the bomber.
1550
01:15:06,467 --> 01:15:07,900
[all yelling]
1551
01:15:07,900 --> 01:15:09,100
I understand your concerns,
1552
01:15:09,100 --> 01:15:11,000
but there's nothing else
to be done.
1553
01:15:11,000 --> 01:15:14,567
It's time for y'all
to go on back to your home.
1554
01:15:14,567 --> 01:15:16,433
[all speaking at once]
1555
01:15:16,433 --> 01:15:17,900
- This is our home.
1556
01:15:17,900 --> 01:15:19,867
- You go home!
- That's right.
1557
01:15:19,867 --> 01:15:22,166
You know,
everybody know
1558
01:15:22,166 --> 01:15:24,467
what we're fighting for
is right.
1559
01:15:24,467 --> 01:15:28,000
And we're gonna win,
'cause y'all white folk,
1560
01:15:28,000 --> 01:15:30,667
y'all don't scare us
no longer,
1561
01:15:30,667 --> 01:15:32,667
and you can't kill
all of us.
1562
01:15:32,667 --> 01:15:33,934
- Yeah!
1563
01:15:33,934 --> 01:15:37,000
[all yelling]
1564
01:15:40,233 --> 01:15:42,700
- I--I want to--
1565
01:15:42,700 --> 01:15:45,800
I thank you all
for showing your support.
1566
01:15:45,800 --> 01:15:49,233
Everybody's all right.
1567
01:15:49,233 --> 01:15:52,000
If you have weapons,
please take them home.
1568
01:15:52,000 --> 01:15:53,300
[crowd murmuring unintelligibly]
1569
01:15:53,300 --> 01:15:57,600
We must not meet violence
with retaliatory violence.
1570
01:15:57,600 --> 01:16:00,166
We must love our white brothers,
love our--
1571
01:16:00,166 --> 01:16:01,700
[crowd murmurs unintelligibly]
1572
01:16:01,700 --> 01:16:03,033
Love our enemies.
1573
01:16:03,033 --> 01:16:05,400
This is what we must live by.
1574
01:16:05,400 --> 01:16:08,834
We must meet their hate
with our love.
1575
01:16:08,834 --> 01:16:10,433
And God is with us.
1576
01:16:10,433 --> 01:16:11,700
- Well, show us Coretta.
1577
01:16:11,700 --> 01:16:13,600
all: Yeah.
- Show us Coretta.
1578
01:16:13,600 --> 01:16:16,633
[people yelling]
1579
01:16:19,100 --> 01:16:20,500
- You hit somebody
with that stick,
1580
01:16:20,500 --> 01:16:22,066
and we all gonna die
out here tonight, Jack.
1581
01:16:22,066 --> 01:16:24,266
woman: That's right!
That's right!
1582
01:16:24,266 --> 01:16:27,333
[all yelling]
1583
01:16:30,734 --> 01:16:33,767
- Hell, I know it ain't right
to attack a man's family.
1584
01:16:33,767 --> 01:16:35,100
I know they're angry.
1585
01:16:35,100 --> 01:16:36,667
woman: Let him go!
Let him go!
1586
01:16:36,667 --> 01:16:38,100
- I got a job to do.
1587
01:16:38,100 --> 01:16:39,233
- Let's go.
1588
01:16:39,233 --> 01:16:40,734
All right, I want
that car out of here.
1589
01:16:40,734 --> 01:16:42,533
woman: We just want to know
if she's all right.
1590
01:16:42,533 --> 01:16:44,867
woman: That's right.
[all speaking at once]
1591
01:16:44,867 --> 01:16:47,266
woman: She's all right.
woman: All right.
1592
01:16:47,266 --> 01:16:50,433
all: Amen.
1593
01:16:50,433 --> 01:16:52,734
- All right.
Go on home now.
1594
01:16:52,734 --> 01:16:56,433
woman: ♪ What a day
of healing ♪
1595
01:16:56,433 --> 01:16:57,800
♪ Thank you, Father ♪
1596
01:16:57,800 --> 01:16:59,900
♪ Nothing but love ♪
1597
01:16:59,900 --> 01:17:01,667
♪ Joy and peace ♪
1598
01:17:01,667 --> 01:17:05,333
♪ When all God's children ♪
1599
01:17:05,333 --> 01:17:06,934
♪ Have mercy, Father ♪
1600
01:17:06,934 --> 01:17:08,233
♪ When we get to ♪
1601
01:17:08,233 --> 01:17:11,567
chorus: ♪ Heaven ♪
1602
01:17:11,567 --> 01:17:14,233
woman: ♪ Talkin'
'bout a time ♪
1603
01:17:14,233 --> 01:17:15,633
♪ What a time ♪
1604
01:17:15,633 --> 01:17:17,867
♪ What a time,
what a time ♪
1605
01:17:17,867 --> 01:17:19,700
♪ Thank you, Jesus ♪
1606
01:17:27,533 --> 01:17:30,767
- When do we
get to fight back?
1607
01:17:30,767 --> 01:17:32,867
Brother King.
1608
01:17:32,867 --> 01:17:34,533
Brother King,
there are people out there,
1609
01:17:34,533 --> 01:17:37,233
they want to take matters
into their own hands,
1610
01:17:37,233 --> 01:17:39,567
fight back,
show 'em we're not afraid.
1611
01:17:39,567 --> 01:17:42,467
If the whites bring guns,
then we bring guns.
1612
01:17:42,467 --> 01:17:44,900
- We won't win a battle
with guns.
1613
01:17:44,900 --> 01:17:48,066
They've got more guns.
1614
01:17:48,066 --> 01:17:51,333
They'll get tired
of beating us
1615
01:17:51,333 --> 01:17:53,133
when they see it won't break us.
1616
01:17:53,133 --> 01:17:55,600
- Damn it, they don't seem
to be getting tired.
1617
01:17:55,600 --> 01:17:57,633
Seems like they're getting
stronger than ever.
1618
01:17:57,633 --> 01:18:01,700
Seems--seems they like it.
1619
01:18:01,700 --> 01:18:06,233
- Brother Phillips,
we won't stoop to their level.
1620
01:18:06,233 --> 01:18:09,734
We believe in the Bible.
1621
01:18:09,734 --> 01:18:13,367
- An eye for an eye,
boss.
1622
01:18:13,367 --> 01:18:16,266
That's in there too.
1623
01:18:16,266 --> 01:18:19,233
[somber music]
1624
01:18:19,233 --> 01:18:23,734
♪ ♪
1625
01:18:23,734 --> 01:18:25,500
- I'm right down the hall
if you need anything.
1626
01:18:25,500 --> 01:18:29,633
- Thank you, Juanita.
- [whispers] You're welcome.
1627
01:18:29,633 --> 01:18:31,433
Yolanda: Bye-bye.
1628
01:18:31,433 --> 01:18:35,200
♪ ♪
1629
01:18:35,200 --> 01:18:37,500
Hi.
1630
01:18:37,500 --> 01:18:40,467
[Yolanda cooing]
1631
01:18:40,467 --> 01:18:46,133
♪ ♪
1632
01:18:46,133 --> 01:18:48,467
Mommy?
1633
01:18:48,467 --> 01:18:51,467
[woman vocalizing]
1634
01:18:51,467 --> 01:18:54,400
♪ ♪
1635
01:18:54,400 --> 01:18:56,000
[camera shutter clicks]
1636
01:18:56,000 --> 01:18:58,900
♪ ♪
1637
01:19:04,734 --> 01:19:07,066
- Martin, I don't pretend
to understand
1638
01:19:07,066 --> 01:19:08,133
why you've been chosen.
1639
01:19:08,133 --> 01:19:12,433
I really don't.
1640
01:19:12,433 --> 01:19:14,567
But you have.
1641
01:19:15,667 --> 01:19:19,333
And you are the right man.
1642
01:19:19,333 --> 01:19:23,266
- But that crowd out there,
that...
1643
01:19:23,266 --> 01:19:25,333
that hatred can't be contained.
1644
01:19:25,333 --> 01:19:29,500
I'm beginning to question
whether...
1645
01:19:33,700 --> 01:19:36,000
It just runs too deep.
1646
01:19:36,000 --> 01:19:39,300
If you or the baby
had been hurt,
1647
01:19:39,300 --> 01:19:41,900
there would've been bloodshed.
1648
01:19:41,900 --> 01:19:46,100
I want you to take Yolanda
and leave Montgomery.
1649
01:19:46,100 --> 01:19:47,333
- Martin...
1650
01:19:47,333 --> 01:19:49,533
- Go to Atlanta
and stay with my parents...
1651
01:19:49,533 --> 01:19:51,533
- Martin.
- Until this is resolved.
1652
01:19:51,533 --> 01:19:52,834
- We are family.
1653
01:19:52,834 --> 01:19:57,200
- I will not have the blood
of my family on my hand.
1654
01:19:57,200 --> 01:20:00,033
[melancholy flute music]
1655
01:20:00,033 --> 01:20:01,934
- Don't let them
intimidate you.
1656
01:20:01,934 --> 01:20:05,900
- They bombed the house.
1657
01:20:05,900 --> 01:20:08,266
I think they already have.
1658
01:20:08,266 --> 01:20:15,567
♪ ♪
1659
01:20:15,567 --> 01:20:18,166
[hammers tapping]
1660
01:20:18,166 --> 01:20:19,567
man: I got it.
1661
01:20:19,567 --> 01:20:22,567
[unintelligible conversations]
1662
01:20:22,567 --> 01:20:30,633
♪ ♪
1663
01:20:40,867 --> 01:20:43,834
man: Anybody got a hammer?
1664
01:20:43,834 --> 01:20:46,834
[unintelligible conversations]
1665
01:20:46,834 --> 01:20:49,400
♪ ♪
1666
01:20:49,400 --> 01:20:50,633
- Reverend King.
1667
01:20:50,633 --> 01:20:52,166
- Hello, Coretta.
1668
01:20:52,166 --> 01:20:54,367
Looks like you're doing
a little redecorating.
1669
01:20:54,367 --> 01:20:56,600
- You could call it that.
1670
01:20:56,600 --> 01:20:58,000
It's good to see you.
1671
01:20:58,000 --> 01:21:00,367
- Good to see you too
and safe.
1672
01:21:01,500 --> 01:21:03,867
You've done important
work here, son.
1673
01:21:03,867 --> 01:21:07,066
There's nobody prouder of what
you've done here than I am.
1674
01:21:07,066 --> 01:21:08,667
But there's no reason
you can't
1675
01:21:08,667 --> 01:21:10,367
run this boycott from Atlanta.
1676
01:21:10,367 --> 01:21:12,066
You push for too much
here in Montgomery,
1677
01:21:12,066 --> 01:21:15,533
you'll lose everything--
your position, your reputation.
1678
01:21:15,533 --> 01:21:17,233
- Daddy, I won't leave.
1679
01:21:17,233 --> 01:21:20,834
- Martin,
they bombed your home.
1680
01:21:20,834 --> 01:21:22,367
You are in peril.
1681
01:21:22,367 --> 01:21:24,066
Your family is in peril.
1682
01:21:24,066 --> 01:21:26,300
This city is set to explode.
1683
01:21:26,300 --> 01:21:28,533
If you're not careful,
there's gonna be a race war.
1684
01:21:28,533 --> 01:21:30,100
- I can't walk away.
1685
01:21:30,100 --> 01:21:31,834
I won't.
1686
01:21:31,834 --> 01:21:34,767
I've started something here,
and I intend to finish it.
1687
01:21:34,767 --> 01:21:38,767
- Coretta,
talk some sense into my son.
1688
01:21:41,867 --> 01:21:43,633
- Baby,
what do you want to do?
1689
01:21:43,633 --> 01:21:46,433
- I'm staying here.
1690
01:21:46,433 --> 01:21:48,333
- Then so am I.
1691
01:21:51,734 --> 01:21:53,900
[dog barking]
1692
01:21:53,900 --> 01:21:56,900
[dramatic music]
1693
01:21:56,900 --> 01:22:04,967
♪ ♪
1694
01:22:22,066 --> 01:22:23,433
[bell dings]
1695
01:22:23,433 --> 01:22:26,233
- My name is Bayard Rustin,
R-U-S-T-I-N.
1696
01:22:26,233 --> 01:22:28,133
I believe you have a room
reserved for me.
1697
01:22:28,133 --> 01:22:29,100
- Uh-huh.
1698
01:22:29,100 --> 01:22:30,767
Well, put your John Hancock
down there
1699
01:22:30,767 --> 01:22:32,333
and give me three nights
in advance,
1700
01:22:32,333 --> 01:22:34,600
and we'll be in business.
1701
01:22:34,600 --> 01:22:36,867
- Tell me,
how far a walk is it
1702
01:22:36,867 --> 01:22:40,600
to the home
of Reverend King?
1703
01:22:40,600 --> 01:22:43,400
- Well, I don't know
what y'all, uh, do up there
1704
01:22:43,400 --> 01:22:47,066
in, uh, New York City,
but you don't want to be
1705
01:22:47,066 --> 01:22:49,033
walking alone
down here at night,
1706
01:22:49,033 --> 01:22:51,900
especially with this, uh,
bus business going on.
1707
01:22:51,900 --> 01:22:53,400
- And here I thought
all black people
1708
01:22:53,400 --> 01:22:54,467
walked in Montgomery.
1709
01:22:54,467 --> 01:22:56,133
[both chuckle]
1710
01:22:56,133 --> 01:22:58,266
- Not at night.
- Oh...
1711
01:22:58,266 --> 01:22:59,834
I'll take my chances.
1712
01:23:03,266 --> 01:23:06,266
[slow blues music]
1713
01:23:06,266 --> 01:23:14,333
♪ ♪
1714
01:23:22,667 --> 01:23:24,433
- But who are you?
1715
01:23:26,867 --> 01:23:28,800
- It's Bayard Rustin.
1716
01:23:28,800 --> 01:23:31,700
- What are you doing here?
1717
01:23:31,700 --> 01:23:35,033
Why'd you come all the way
down here from New York City?
1718
01:23:35,033 --> 01:23:36,233
- It's a business trip.
1719
01:23:36,233 --> 01:23:40,533
- You here to stir up something
with that Negro boycott?
1720
01:23:40,533 --> 01:23:45,367
- Well, I do intend
to avoid the buses.
1721
01:23:45,367 --> 01:23:49,333
- What kind of business
you do at night?
1722
01:23:49,333 --> 01:23:50,734
- I'm a journalist.
1723
01:23:50,734 --> 01:23:54,233
I am working
for "Le Figaro"
1724
01:23:54,233 --> 01:23:55,667
and the "Manchester Guardian."
1725
01:23:55,667 --> 01:23:59,133
Those are European journals
1726
01:23:59,133 --> 01:24:02,100
or newspapers.
1727
01:24:02,100 --> 01:24:03,667
Is there anything else?
1728
01:24:03,667 --> 01:24:06,734
[dog barking]
1729
01:24:10,633 --> 01:24:12,200
- What do you want?
1730
01:24:12,200 --> 01:24:14,233
- I'm here to see Dr. King.
1731
01:24:14,233 --> 01:24:16,266
- Need to go on home.
1732
01:24:16,266 --> 01:24:18,000
- My home is a long way
from here,
1733
01:24:18,000 --> 01:24:21,300
and I don't really care
to return to it at the moment
1734
01:24:21,300 --> 01:24:24,300
since I just left it
to come to Montgomery
1735
01:24:24,300 --> 01:24:26,133
to see Dr. King.
1736
01:24:26,133 --> 01:24:29,200
- Reverend King's
not seeing any visitors.
1737
01:24:29,200 --> 01:24:30,567
Now go on.
1738
01:24:30,567 --> 01:24:32,367
- Nelson, who is it?
1739
01:24:32,367 --> 01:24:33,700
- Nobody, ma'am.
1740
01:24:33,700 --> 01:24:35,266
Somebody just leaving.
1741
01:24:35,266 --> 01:24:36,667
He can come back
in the morning.
1742
01:24:36,667 --> 01:24:37,767
- Good evening, Mrs. King.
1743
01:24:37,767 --> 01:24:39,433
Bayard Rustin.
1744
01:24:39,433 --> 01:24:40,967
- Bayard Rustin.
1745
01:24:43,500 --> 01:24:44,934
- Excuse me.
1746
01:24:44,934 --> 01:24:46,567
How are you?
1747
01:24:48,300 --> 01:24:51,066
- I heard you speak
on nonviolence
1748
01:24:51,066 --> 01:24:54,066
when I was a student
at Antioch College.
1749
01:24:54,066 --> 01:24:57,533
And I will never forget it,
because you said something
1750
01:24:57,533 --> 01:25:01,367
about history that
has stayed with me.
1751
01:25:01,367 --> 01:25:03,533
- Is that so?
1752
01:25:03,533 --> 01:25:04,767
What did I say?
1753
01:25:04,767 --> 01:25:08,467
- That history
wasn't an accident,
1754
01:25:08,467 --> 01:25:12,166
that history is a choice.
1755
01:25:12,166 --> 01:25:16,800
- And why did that
make such an impression?
1756
01:25:16,800 --> 01:25:19,400
- Because it means that
we can do something
1757
01:25:19,400 --> 01:25:21,834
about our lives
and we're not stuck
1758
01:25:21,834 --> 01:25:23,967
with the way things are.
1759
01:25:23,967 --> 01:25:26,367
- Wow.
1760
01:25:26,367 --> 01:25:28,266
So now you're down South.
1761
01:25:28,266 --> 01:25:30,033
Aren't you a long way
from home?
1762
01:25:30,033 --> 01:25:32,467
- No, no,
I'm from Marion.
1763
01:25:32,467 --> 01:25:33,934
That's not too far from here.
1764
01:25:33,934 --> 01:25:36,433
- Didn't like
our Northern customs, huh?
1765
01:25:36,433 --> 01:25:39,633
- Actually, I did.
1766
01:25:39,633 --> 01:25:41,700
Quite a bit.
1767
01:25:41,700 --> 01:25:44,133
- Well,
if Bayard Rustin is here,
1768
01:25:44,133 --> 01:25:45,934
then I guess we've arrived.
1769
01:25:45,934 --> 01:25:47,433
- Excuse me.
1770
01:25:47,433 --> 01:25:49,166
Dr. King.
1771
01:25:49,166 --> 01:25:50,567
I wouldn't miss a moment
that's gonna
1772
01:25:50,567 --> 01:25:52,300
change our country forever.
1773
01:25:52,300 --> 01:25:53,500
- Yes, yes.
1774
01:25:53,500 --> 01:25:55,200
So a policeman
says to him, says,
1775
01:25:55,200 --> 01:25:57,600
"Well, can you describe
these turtles?"
1776
01:25:57,600 --> 01:26:00,467
And, uh--and the snail says,
"No, sir, I can't.
1777
01:26:00,467 --> 01:26:02,066
It all happened so fast."
1778
01:26:02,066 --> 01:26:04,867
[laughter]
1779
01:26:04,867 --> 01:26:06,633
Well, see,
that's how we feel.
1780
01:26:06,633 --> 01:26:10,367
Here we are, 77 days
into a 1-day boycott.
1781
01:26:10,367 --> 01:26:12,900
- You've managed
to sow the seeds of Gandhi
1782
01:26:12,900 --> 01:26:14,834
in the soil of the South.
1783
01:26:14,834 --> 01:26:16,367
- Well, it's not just
about Gandhi.
1784
01:26:16,367 --> 01:26:19,734
It's also about the teachings
of Jesus Christ.
1785
01:26:19,734 --> 01:26:20,967
- Mass action
1786
01:26:20,967 --> 01:26:23,667
and black social gospel,
1787
01:26:23,667 --> 01:26:26,333
it's a new form of protest.
1788
01:26:26,333 --> 01:26:29,500
I mean, it's--it's--
it's Negro.
1789
01:26:29,500 --> 01:26:31,200
It's jazz.
1790
01:26:31,200 --> 01:26:32,567
[chuckles]
1791
01:26:32,567 --> 01:26:34,300
- Well, whatever it is,
1792
01:26:34,300 --> 01:26:36,533
it's taken us all by surprise.
1793
01:26:36,533 --> 01:26:38,633
- Might just take the whole
country by surprise.
1794
01:26:38,633 --> 01:26:40,233
That's why I'm here.
1795
01:26:43,800 --> 01:26:48,033
Reverend King,
I'm gonna be blunt.
1796
01:26:48,033 --> 01:26:51,233
You're straying from
the principles of nonviolence.
1797
01:26:51,233 --> 01:26:52,433
- In what way?
1798
01:26:52,433 --> 01:26:54,667
- You're the leader
of a nonviolent movement,
1799
01:26:54,667 --> 01:26:56,133
and yet you have guns
in your home
1800
01:26:56,133 --> 01:26:59,200
and these armed guards
outside.
1801
01:27:01,000 --> 01:27:02,900
- Let me ask you something,
Mr. Rustin.
1802
01:27:02,900 --> 01:27:05,533
Would you risk your family
for a tactic?
1803
01:27:05,533 --> 01:27:07,000
- Nonviolence is not a tactic.
1804
01:27:07,000 --> 01:27:08,400
- Would you risk your family?
1805
01:27:08,400 --> 01:27:09,800
- Nonviolence is an ideology;
it's a movement.
1806
01:27:09,800 --> 01:27:11,400
- I have an obligation
to protect my family...
1807
01:27:11,400 --> 01:27:13,633
- A way of life, a religion.
- And defend my home.
1808
01:27:13,633 --> 01:27:16,300
- Well, the guns don't make me
feel any safer.
1809
01:27:21,467 --> 01:27:24,600
- Look, the movement is
in its very early stages.
1810
01:27:24,600 --> 01:27:26,300
And I hope with all my heart
1811
01:27:26,300 --> 01:27:28,767
that, uh, it remains
peaceful, but...
1812
01:27:28,767 --> 01:27:30,300
- Peaceful change is healing.
1813
01:27:30,300 --> 01:27:34,000
- There is a very definite
possibility of violence.
1814
01:27:36,934 --> 01:27:39,934
[dramatic music]
1815
01:27:39,934 --> 01:27:48,000
♪ ♪
1816
01:27:57,033 --> 01:28:00,567
- [humming]
1817
01:28:00,567 --> 01:28:02,467
Oh, hey, Reverend.
I didn't know you were--
1818
01:28:02,467 --> 01:28:04,367
- After tonight,
1819
01:28:04,367 --> 01:28:08,166
I want you to find
a safe place to put that.
1820
01:28:08,166 --> 01:28:10,166
- But, boss...
1821
01:28:13,433 --> 01:28:15,867
man: School officials
later suspended Autherine Lucy
1822
01:28:15,867 --> 01:28:18,967
for her own safety
after she and her NAACP escorts
1823
01:28:18,967 --> 01:28:21,066
were surrounded
by angry white students.
1824
01:28:21,066 --> 01:28:23,800
Democratic presidential
candidate Adlai Stevenson,
1825
01:28:23,800 --> 01:28:25,166
speaking to a Negro audience,
1826
01:28:25,166 --> 01:28:27,166
suggested that
only gradual means
1827
01:28:27,166 --> 01:28:29,567
would satisfactorily
settle the school's crisis
1828
01:28:29,567 --> 01:28:31,533
and other problems
affecting equal rights
1829
01:28:31,533 --> 01:28:33,033
for all Americans.
1830
01:28:33,033 --> 01:28:34,967
More on that story later.
1831
01:28:34,967 --> 01:28:36,333
man: And now the weather...
1832
01:28:36,333 --> 01:28:39,166
- One Negro girl
admitted into a college.
1833
01:28:39,166 --> 01:28:41,567
That's about as gradual
as you can get, I think.
1834
01:28:41,567 --> 01:28:44,333
- They forgot the part where
they throw eggs at her.
1835
01:28:44,333 --> 01:28:46,333
Rustin: Well, now you see.
1836
01:28:46,333 --> 01:28:51,000
It's not just about
Montgomery anymore.
1837
01:28:51,000 --> 01:28:52,500
And it's sure as hell
1838
01:28:52,500 --> 01:28:57,266
not just about seats on the bus.
1839
01:28:57,266 --> 01:28:59,867
- Bayard Rustin,
ladies and gentlemen.
1840
01:29:02,467 --> 01:29:04,934
- It happens whenever
an oppressed group
1841
01:29:04,934 --> 01:29:06,800
finds its voice.
1842
01:29:09,333 --> 01:29:13,200
The white man...
[chuckles]
1843
01:29:13,200 --> 01:29:15,900
Some white men
1844
01:29:15,900 --> 01:29:18,200
are terrified
that if the Negro
1845
01:29:18,200 --> 01:29:21,333
ever attains power,
he will act without pity
1846
01:29:21,333 --> 01:29:22,700
to revenge the past.
1847
01:29:22,700 --> 01:29:25,000
- Damn right.
1848
01:29:25,000 --> 01:29:27,567
- We have to show them
1849
01:29:27,567 --> 01:29:29,066
they have nothing to fear.
1850
01:29:29,066 --> 01:29:30,333
- The bus company's hurting.
1851
01:29:30,333 --> 01:29:31,900
They're on the verge
of bankruptcy
1852
01:29:31,900 --> 01:29:33,533
and are now willing
to meet our demands,
1853
01:29:33,533 --> 01:29:34,934
but the city won't let 'em.
1854
01:29:34,934 --> 01:29:37,367
- We forgive everything.
1855
01:29:37,367 --> 01:29:40,033
We have to bring the message
of nonviolent resistance
1856
01:29:40,033 --> 01:29:42,133
to the rest of the South.
1857
01:29:42,133 --> 01:29:46,166
Everything we've learned here,
we have to teach the nation.
1858
01:29:46,166 --> 01:29:47,700
It's your responsibility.
1859
01:29:47,700 --> 01:29:49,233
- There's also a rumor.
1860
01:29:49,233 --> 01:29:51,300
The city might bring
indictments.
1861
01:29:51,300 --> 01:29:53,100
- On what charge?
1862
01:29:53,100 --> 01:29:56,834
- They dug up some old
Alabama antiboycott law.
1863
01:29:56,834 --> 01:29:58,667
Lewis: We know the people here.
1864
01:29:58,667 --> 01:30:01,100
We know they'll walk forever
if they have to.
1865
01:30:01,100 --> 01:30:02,734
- You have got to stop thinking
about this
1866
01:30:02,734 --> 01:30:04,200
as just a bus boycott.
1867
01:30:04,200 --> 01:30:05,767
It's not!
1868
01:30:05,767 --> 01:30:08,200
And you cannot win this fight
1869
01:30:08,200 --> 01:30:11,900
unless there are similar
protests all over the South
1870
01:30:11,900 --> 01:30:16,400
and similar protests
all over the nation.
1871
01:30:16,400 --> 01:30:19,667
It is in your own
self-interest, your own.
1872
01:30:19,667 --> 01:30:23,133
- Have you ever run
a bus boycott before?
1873
01:30:23,133 --> 01:30:24,533
- Not buses, no.
1874
01:30:24,533 --> 01:30:29,266
- Well, then why are you
lecturing these people?
1875
01:30:29,266 --> 01:30:33,200
- The same principles
are at work.
1876
01:30:33,200 --> 01:30:37,667
- What makes you think
they need outside advice?
1877
01:30:37,667 --> 01:30:40,000
- And who might you be,
sir?
1878
01:30:40,000 --> 01:30:41,400
- Emory Jackson,
1879
01:30:41,400 --> 01:30:42,800
editor of "Birmingham World."
1880
01:30:42,800 --> 01:30:45,133
- Well, welcome, brother.
1881
01:30:45,133 --> 01:30:49,900
- I just want to talk to you
about your affiliations.
1882
01:30:49,900 --> 01:30:51,166
- Well...
1883
01:30:52,667 --> 01:30:54,133
That was a long time ago...
1884
01:30:55,867 --> 01:30:57,900
Mr. Jackson.
1885
01:30:57,900 --> 01:30:59,800
[dog barking]
1886
01:30:59,800 --> 01:31:02,800
[tense music]
1887
01:31:02,800 --> 01:31:04,066
♪ ♪
1888
01:31:04,066 --> 01:31:06,467
[gun cocks]
1889
01:31:06,467 --> 01:31:09,433
[fire crackling]
1890
01:31:09,433 --> 01:31:12,433
[dramatic music]
1891
01:31:12,433 --> 01:31:20,533
♪ ♪
1892
01:31:41,233 --> 01:31:44,233
[woman vocalizing]
1893
01:31:44,233 --> 01:31:52,333
♪ ♪
1894
01:31:54,367 --> 01:31:55,834
- You all right, E.D.?
1895
01:31:55,834 --> 01:31:58,533
- Whoever did this,
I want to hurt.
1896
01:31:58,533 --> 01:32:00,600
[fire crackling]
1897
01:32:00,600 --> 01:32:02,700
I want to make
the bastards pay.
1898
01:32:02,700 --> 01:32:04,600
- I understand that.
1899
01:32:04,600 --> 01:32:08,033
- Reverend King,
I ain't like you.
1900
01:32:08,033 --> 01:32:09,300
I am not like you.
1901
01:32:09,300 --> 01:32:14,567
I am not a nonviolent person
by nature.
1902
01:32:14,567 --> 01:32:16,066
Now, they've attacked
my home,
1903
01:32:16,066 --> 01:32:20,467
and I want to strike back!
1904
01:32:20,467 --> 01:32:22,233
I don't know if I can do this.
1905
01:32:22,233 --> 01:32:23,767
We march and sing
1906
01:32:23,767 --> 01:32:25,700
and plot and plan
and so they can
1907
01:32:25,700 --> 01:32:26,867
blow up our homes.
1908
01:32:26,867 --> 01:32:28,166
They blowed up your home too.
1909
01:32:28,166 --> 01:32:32,266
- Y'all just gonna sit there.
1910
01:32:32,266 --> 01:32:34,400
You see how they be?
1911
01:32:34,400 --> 01:32:35,734
[somber music]
1912
01:32:35,734 --> 01:32:37,800
- Brother Nixon,
1913
01:32:37,800 --> 01:32:43,533
Hebrews 10:39 reads,
1914
01:32:43,533 --> 01:32:47,200
"But we are not of those
that shrink back
1915
01:32:47,200 --> 01:32:50,300
"unto destruction,
1916
01:32:50,300 --> 01:32:54,467
"but of those who have faith
to the preservation
1917
01:32:54,467 --> 01:32:56,100
of the spirit."
1918
01:32:59,934 --> 01:33:02,000
I believe that.
1919
01:33:02,000 --> 01:33:06,667
♪ ♪
1920
01:33:06,667 --> 01:33:08,767
I'm sorry, E.D.
1921
01:33:08,767 --> 01:33:16,834
♪ ♪
1922
01:33:19,834 --> 01:33:22,467
- You know,
1923
01:33:22,467 --> 01:33:27,333
I got no doubt
that man is a leader.
1924
01:33:27,333 --> 01:33:30,567
I just don't know
where he's leading us.
1925
01:33:30,567 --> 01:33:34,867
♪ ♪
1926
01:33:34,867 --> 01:33:35,867
[all talking at once]
1927
01:33:35,867 --> 01:33:37,734
Martin: We are Christian.
1928
01:33:37,734 --> 01:33:42,000
If you must stone them,
stone them with forgiveness.
1929
01:33:42,000 --> 01:33:43,900
If you must stone them,
1930
01:33:43,900 --> 01:33:46,834
stone them with love.
man: Amen.
1931
01:33:46,834 --> 01:33:49,467
- Through these powers,
we will discover
1932
01:33:49,467 --> 01:33:53,033
to our wayward brothers
the error of their ways.
1933
01:33:53,033 --> 01:33:54,100
[all shouting agreement]
1934
01:33:54,100 --> 01:33:57,934
This is and will ever be
a nonviolent movement.
1935
01:33:57,934 --> 01:34:00,700
woman: Yeah.
woman: All right.
1936
01:34:00,700 --> 01:34:03,867
Take care, Ed.
1937
01:34:03,867 --> 01:34:07,767
Folks up at Fisk want me
to come up there and speak.
1938
01:34:07,767 --> 01:34:09,467
- I'm not surprised.
1939
01:34:09,467 --> 01:34:12,500
- But I can't just,
uh, leave here
1940
01:34:12,500 --> 01:34:13,867
and go up to Nashville.
1941
01:34:13,867 --> 01:34:15,567
- Martin, it's time.
1942
01:34:15,567 --> 01:34:17,667
You have to get the message out.
1943
01:34:17,667 --> 01:34:20,500
If we don't go national,
you're going to lose locally.
1944
01:34:23,767 --> 01:34:25,066
- Now, Coretta,
1945
01:34:25,066 --> 01:34:27,233
it's another thing entirely
1946
01:34:27,233 --> 01:34:30,600
for you and Yoki
to stay here alone
1947
01:34:30,600 --> 01:34:33,800
while I'm in Nashville.
1948
01:34:33,800 --> 01:34:36,900
- So we go to Atlanta,
and then what?
1949
01:34:40,133 --> 01:34:43,467
[children giggling]
1950
01:34:43,467 --> 01:34:45,867
Martin: Many of the Negroes
who joined the protest
1951
01:34:45,867 --> 01:34:48,667
did not expect it
to last this long.
1952
01:34:48,667 --> 01:34:51,066
When asked why,
they usually gave
1953
01:34:51,066 --> 01:34:53,233
one of three answers:
1954
01:34:53,233 --> 01:34:56,633
"I didn't expect Negroes
to stick to it."
1955
01:34:56,633 --> 01:34:59,600
"I never thought Negroes
had the nerve."
1956
01:34:59,600 --> 01:35:02,200
Or, "I thought the pressure
from the white folks
1957
01:35:02,200 --> 01:35:05,767
would kill it
before it got started."
1958
01:35:05,767 --> 01:35:08,867
Our nonviolent protest
in Montgomery
1959
01:35:08,867 --> 01:35:12,600
is demonstrating to the Negro
that many of the stereotypes
1960
01:35:12,600 --> 01:35:15,700
he has held about himself
and other Negroes
1961
01:35:15,700 --> 01:35:17,867
are not valid.
1962
01:35:17,867 --> 01:35:21,400
Something is happening
to the Negro.
1963
01:35:21,400 --> 01:35:25,400
He's come to feel
that he is somebody.
1964
01:35:25,400 --> 01:35:27,033
- Got rope,
1965
01:35:27,033 --> 01:35:29,166
got trees.
1966
01:35:29,166 --> 01:35:31,633
- These indictments
brought by the grand jury
1967
01:35:31,633 --> 01:35:33,934
should not come as any surprise.
1968
01:35:33,934 --> 01:35:36,166
We are committed to segregation,
1969
01:35:36,166 --> 01:35:38,367
both by custom and by law,
1970
01:35:38,367 --> 01:35:40,367
and we intend to maintain it
1971
01:35:40,367 --> 01:35:42,767
and to protect our way of life!
1972
01:35:53,033 --> 01:35:56,934
- They got arrest warrants
for everybody on the committee,
1973
01:35:56,934 --> 01:36:00,033
all our organizers,
everyone in this room,
1974
01:36:00,033 --> 01:36:02,800
115 of us.
1975
01:36:02,800 --> 01:36:06,100
It's the largest mass
indictment in Alabama history.
1976
01:36:06,100 --> 01:36:08,533
- They're trying to chop
the head off the boycott.
1977
01:36:08,533 --> 01:36:11,367
Abernathy:
So what's our response?
1978
01:36:11,367 --> 01:36:13,333
Gray: Well, we don't really
have one yet.
1979
01:36:13,333 --> 01:36:15,200
And Reverend King's
up in Nashville.
1980
01:36:15,200 --> 01:36:19,066
- How long it's gonna be
till they start arresting us?
1981
01:36:19,066 --> 01:36:20,500
- Soon as the deputies
get the warrants,
1982
01:36:20,500 --> 01:36:21,934
so maybe tomorrow?
1983
01:36:21,934 --> 01:36:23,667
- Probably is,
what I'd expect.
1984
01:36:23,667 --> 01:36:27,700
- Well, I would prefer not to be
arrested at the college.
1985
01:36:27,700 --> 01:36:30,867
Don't want my students
seeing that.
1986
01:36:30,867 --> 01:36:33,066
Abernathy: All right,
I tell you what, brother.
1987
01:36:33,066 --> 01:36:36,734
You figure out a way
to keep us all out of jail,
1988
01:36:36,734 --> 01:36:39,500
we'll find a way
to get you some salvation.
1989
01:36:39,500 --> 01:36:41,333
man: Ha-ha.
- Amen.
1990
01:36:41,333 --> 01:36:42,734
- Yeah, I'm on my way now.
1991
01:36:42,734 --> 01:36:44,200
But I'm gonna stop in Atlanta...
1992
01:36:44,200 --> 01:36:45,133
- Hi, Reverend King.
1993
01:36:45,133 --> 01:36:47,233
- To, uh, kiss Coretta
and the baby,
1994
01:36:47,233 --> 01:36:49,567
and then I'll be there
tomorrow afternoon.
1995
01:36:49,567 --> 01:36:52,066
Mm.
1996
01:36:52,066 --> 01:36:55,467
Well, that seems to me
that's just a scare tactic, Rev.
1997
01:36:55,467 --> 01:36:57,600
Yeah, it's the same old thing.
1998
01:36:57,600 --> 01:37:00,100
Mm-hmm.
Well, you--you do that.
1999
01:37:00,100 --> 01:37:01,900
You do that.
You keep it together.
2000
01:37:01,900 --> 01:37:03,433
I'll see you tomorrow,
hear?
2001
01:37:03,433 --> 01:37:04,734
Abernathy: Make no mistake
about it.
2002
01:37:04,734 --> 01:37:06,133
The only reason that
they're doing it
2003
01:37:06,133 --> 01:37:08,433
is to try and separate us
from Martin.
2004
01:37:08,433 --> 01:37:10,734
That's what this whole thing
is about.
2005
01:37:10,734 --> 01:37:15,100
- Reverend Abernathy
makes a good point.
2006
01:37:15,100 --> 01:37:19,133
But there's
a larger issue here.
2007
01:37:19,133 --> 01:37:21,133
What is a jail?
2008
01:37:21,133 --> 01:37:23,934
It's just a building.
2009
01:37:23,934 --> 01:37:26,000
Bricks and steel.
2010
01:37:26,000 --> 01:37:28,200
That's all it is.
2011
01:37:28,200 --> 01:37:30,700
You're the ones
who give it power.
2012
01:37:30,700 --> 01:37:34,266
You've got to lose
your fear of jail.
2013
01:37:34,266 --> 01:37:36,467
- I just want you
to consider the consequences
2014
01:37:36,467 --> 01:37:38,667
of returning to Montgomery.
2015
01:37:38,667 --> 01:37:40,900
The police there
are targeting you.
2016
01:37:40,900 --> 01:37:43,300
I have that on good account.
2017
01:37:43,300 --> 01:37:46,433
And you can't lead a boycott
from the inside of jail.
2018
01:37:46,433 --> 01:37:48,033
- You can't lead a boycott
hiding out
2019
01:37:48,033 --> 01:37:49,533
in another state either.
2020
01:37:49,533 --> 01:37:51,633
- Young lady,
2021
01:37:51,633 --> 01:37:54,166
there is a larger picture
to look at.
2022
01:37:54,166 --> 01:37:55,767
- Yes, there is,
and I'm surprised
2023
01:37:55,767 --> 01:37:57,667
that you're not seeing it.
2024
01:37:57,667 --> 01:37:59,000
I'm leaving tomorrow.
2025
01:37:59,000 --> 01:38:00,834
- They will arrest you.
2026
01:38:00,834 --> 01:38:02,166
They're arresting everybody.
2027
01:38:02,166 --> 01:38:05,300
- What are we supposed to do,
just go--go turn ourselves in?
2028
01:38:05,300 --> 01:38:06,667
- What happens
to the boycott?
2029
01:38:06,667 --> 01:38:08,600
- If we turn ourselves in,
2030
01:38:08,600 --> 01:38:11,834
we're admitting guilt
as if we're criminals.
2031
01:38:11,834 --> 01:38:15,700
- You got that backwards,
Reverend.
2032
01:38:15,700 --> 01:38:18,133
It's the criminal who hides.
2033
01:38:20,166 --> 01:38:23,000
I ain't got nothing to hide.
2034
01:38:23,000 --> 01:38:26,166
I ain't no criminal.
2035
01:38:26,166 --> 01:38:30,300
I ain't afraid
of nobody's jail.
2036
01:38:30,300 --> 01:38:33,266
- You have a wife,
a daughter.
2037
01:38:33,266 --> 01:38:35,200
You ought to be thinking
about them.
2038
01:38:35,200 --> 01:38:37,700
- That's exactly who I am
thinking about.
2039
01:38:37,700 --> 01:38:40,100
- At least tell your wife
to stay here with us.
2040
01:38:40,100 --> 01:38:41,800
- No, no, I can't do that.
2041
01:38:41,800 --> 01:38:43,266
I'm--
2042
01:38:43,266 --> 01:38:44,934
I need her.
2043
01:38:51,934 --> 01:38:54,967
[birds chirping]
2044
01:38:58,500 --> 01:39:00,533
Abernathy: Now, listen, Martin,
this is serious.
2045
01:39:00,533 --> 01:39:03,066
There's a rumor that
they're about to arrest
2046
01:39:03,066 --> 01:39:06,867
Bayard Rustin for lying
about who he is.
2047
01:39:06,867 --> 01:39:08,867
And I got this
from Emory Jackson,
2048
01:39:08,867 --> 01:39:12,767
who got it from some white guy
over at the paper.
2049
01:39:12,767 --> 01:39:17,066
- Well, they've been looking
for an outside agitator.
2050
01:39:17,066 --> 01:39:18,567
- And now they got one.
2051
01:39:18,567 --> 01:39:20,233
- And, brother,
this could ruin us.
2052
01:39:20,233 --> 01:39:23,100
They--they--they can turn
the whole movement
2053
01:39:23,100 --> 01:39:25,734
into some Communist plot.
2054
01:39:32,300 --> 01:39:36,500
- Some things have come up
that we need to discuss.
2055
01:39:36,500 --> 01:39:39,033
- I know.
2056
01:39:39,033 --> 01:39:43,467
- It, uh...
2057
01:39:43,467 --> 01:39:47,033
You know, I used to think
that the Christian ethic of love
2058
01:39:47,033 --> 01:39:51,600
was only confined
to individual relationships.
2059
01:39:51,600 --> 01:39:54,367
- It's what we are.
2060
01:39:54,367 --> 01:39:56,467
It's what we breathe.
2061
01:39:56,467 --> 01:39:57,700
- Yes, yes.
2062
01:39:57,700 --> 01:39:59,433
- We need to be going.
2063
01:40:07,567 --> 01:40:11,533
- Those things
they say about you...
2064
01:40:11,533 --> 01:40:16,967
- There's nothing they can say
about me that isn't true.
2065
01:40:16,967 --> 01:40:19,834
I'm an ex-Communist,
ex-con.
2066
01:40:19,834 --> 01:40:25,500
I'm a Negro.
I'm a bastard.
2067
01:40:25,500 --> 01:40:29,100
I'm a homosexual.
2068
01:40:29,100 --> 01:40:32,967
And I don't have a proper job.
2069
01:40:32,967 --> 01:40:35,834
I'm a man of my times.
2070
01:40:35,834 --> 01:40:38,767
But the times don't know it yet.
2071
01:40:38,767 --> 01:40:41,800
[light instrumental music]
2072
01:40:41,800 --> 01:40:44,367
♪ ♪
2073
01:40:44,367 --> 01:40:46,934
It's a gift, Martin,
plain and simple.
2074
01:40:46,934 --> 01:40:49,967
- What, spiriting you away
in the middle of the night?
2075
01:40:49,967 --> 01:40:54,033
- No, returning their violence
with nonviolence.
2076
01:40:54,033 --> 01:40:55,834
You mark my words,
tomorrow,
2077
01:40:55,834 --> 01:40:58,967
a spotlight will shine
down on Montgomery,
2078
01:40:58,967 --> 01:41:02,000
one that will galvanize
this country.
2079
01:41:02,000 --> 01:41:05,100
- You'll be safer in here.
2080
01:41:05,100 --> 01:41:06,433
They're looking for you still.
2081
01:41:06,433 --> 01:41:08,967
- Think I'd be better off
in the back of the bus.
2082
01:41:08,967 --> 01:41:11,834
♪ ♪
2083
01:41:11,834 --> 01:41:14,166
- Thank you, Bayard.
2084
01:41:14,166 --> 01:41:16,400
- Reverend, it's my pleasure.
2085
01:41:16,400 --> 01:41:21,600
♪ ♪
2086
01:41:21,600 --> 01:41:25,200
- Well, like you said, it's not
just about buses anymore.
2087
01:41:29,400 --> 01:41:32,400
[dramatic music]
2088
01:41:32,400 --> 01:41:40,467
♪ ♪
2089
01:41:51,133 --> 01:41:55,200
Martin: As I look at it,
I have committed three sins.
2090
01:41:55,200 --> 01:41:57,600
The first sin I have committed
2091
01:41:57,600 --> 01:42:01,166
is being born a Negro.
2092
01:42:01,166 --> 01:42:03,033
The second sin
I have committed,
2093
01:42:03,033 --> 01:42:04,333
along with all of us,
2094
01:42:04,333 --> 01:42:08,934
is to object
to the twin battering rams
2095
01:42:08,934 --> 01:42:12,000
of segregation and oppression.
2096
01:42:12,000 --> 01:42:16,266
The third and most basic sin
which all of us have committed
2097
01:42:16,266 --> 01:42:19,367
is having the moral courage
to stand up
2098
01:42:19,367 --> 01:42:24,000
and express our profound
weariness with this oppression.
2099
01:42:24,000 --> 01:42:26,200
- You're looking for me.
2100
01:42:26,200 --> 01:42:28,133
Martin: It is one of the great
glories of America
2101
01:42:28,133 --> 01:42:31,967
that we have
the right to protest.
2102
01:42:31,967 --> 01:42:33,934
- I believe you're
looking for me.
2103
01:42:33,934 --> 01:42:36,867
- This is not a war
between the Negro
2104
01:42:36,867 --> 01:42:38,734
and the white.
2105
01:42:38,734 --> 01:42:43,233
This is a conflict
between justice and injustice.
2106
01:42:43,233 --> 01:42:46,300
You see, most people
see nonviolence
2107
01:42:46,300 --> 01:42:49,333
as a cowardly or weak thing.
2108
01:42:49,333 --> 01:42:52,900
It is neither cowardly
nor weak.
2109
01:42:52,900 --> 01:42:57,333
It is perhaps one of the
bravest forms of confrontation
2110
01:42:57,333 --> 01:42:59,467
known to man.
2111
01:42:59,467 --> 01:43:02,834
We are using moral
and spiritual force.
2112
01:43:02,834 --> 01:43:05,367
This is all we have.
2113
01:43:05,367 --> 01:43:09,734
We are using
the weapon of love.
2114
01:43:09,734 --> 01:43:13,367
woman: ♪ We who believe
in freedom ♪
2115
01:43:13,367 --> 01:43:15,200
♪ Cannot rest ♪
2116
01:43:15,200 --> 01:43:18,200
[percussive music]
2117
01:43:18,200 --> 01:43:19,400
♪ ♪
2118
01:43:19,400 --> 01:43:23,033
♪ We who believe in freedom ♪
2119
01:43:23,033 --> 01:43:29,033
♪ Cannot rest until it comes ♪
2120
01:43:29,033 --> 01:43:32,567
♪ We who believe in freedom ♪
2121
01:43:32,567 --> 01:43:34,100
♪ Cannot rest ♪
2122
01:43:34,100 --> 01:43:36,600
chorus: ♪ Freedom
cannot rest ♪
2123
01:43:36,600 --> 01:43:38,166
woman: ♪ Oh, no, how can you ♪
2124
01:43:38,166 --> 01:43:42,166
woman: ♪ We who believe
in freedom ♪
2125
01:43:42,166 --> 01:43:44,000
♪ Cannot rest ♪
2126
01:43:44,000 --> 01:43:47,433
♪ Until it comes ♪
2127
01:43:47,433 --> 01:43:53,033
woman: ♪ Until the killing
of a black man ♪
2128
01:43:53,033 --> 01:43:56,734
♪ Black mothers' sons ♪
2129
01:43:56,734 --> 01:44:02,400
♪ Is as important as
the killing of white men ♪
2130
01:44:02,400 --> 01:44:07,333
♪ White mothers' sons ♪
2131
01:44:07,333 --> 01:44:11,000
♪ We who believe in freedom ♪
2132
01:44:11,000 --> 01:44:14,934
♪ Cannot rest ♪
2133
01:44:14,934 --> 01:44:17,133
♪ Oh, no ♪
2134
01:44:17,133 --> 01:44:20,567
♪ We who believe in freedom ♪
2135
01:44:20,567 --> 01:44:26,467
♪ Cannot rest
until it comes ♪
2136
01:44:26,467 --> 01:44:29,266
woman: ♪ That which
touches me most ♪
2137
01:44:29,266 --> 01:44:32,000
♪ Is that I had a chance ♪
2138
01:44:32,000 --> 01:44:36,200
women: ♪ To work with people ♪
2139
01:44:36,200 --> 01:44:39,834
♪ Passing on to others ♪
2140
01:44:39,834 --> 01:44:45,767
♪ That which was passed
on to me ♪
2141
01:44:45,767 --> 01:44:50,033
♪ We who believe
in freedom ♪
2142
01:44:50,033 --> 01:44:51,800
♪ Cannot rest ♪
2143
01:44:51,800 --> 01:44:53,500
chorus: ♪ Cannot rest ♪
2144
01:44:53,500 --> 01:44:55,467
woman: ♪ Oh, no ♪
2145
01:44:55,467 --> 01:44:59,000
♪ We who believe in freedom ♪
2146
01:44:59,000 --> 01:45:04,233
♪ Cannot rest until it comes ♪
2147
01:45:04,233 --> 01:45:08,867
♪ To me,
young people come first ♪
2148
01:45:08,867 --> 01:45:13,600
♪ They have the courage
where we fail ♪
2149
01:45:13,600 --> 01:45:18,567
♪ And if I can
but shed some light ♪
2150
01:45:18,567 --> 01:45:24,467
♪ As they carry us
through the gale ♪
2151
01:45:24,467 --> 01:45:29,834
- The Supreme Court decision
on segregation
2152
01:45:29,834 --> 01:45:31,800
is now law.
2153
01:45:31,800 --> 01:45:35,033
There is a motion on the floor
2154
01:45:35,033 --> 01:45:40,100
to end the 13-month-old boycott
2155
01:45:40,100 --> 01:45:44,567
of public transportation
in Montgomery.
2156
01:45:44,567 --> 01:45:48,734
All those in favor,
let it be known by--
2157
01:45:48,734 --> 01:45:51,800
[cheers and applause]
2158
01:45:58,433 --> 01:46:00,500
By standing on your feet.
2159
01:46:00,500 --> 01:46:04,033
woman: ♪ We who believe
in freedom ♪
2160
01:46:04,033 --> 01:46:08,166
♪ Cannot rest ♪
2161
01:46:08,166 --> 01:46:10,100
♪ Oh, no ♪
2162
01:46:10,100 --> 01:46:13,734
♪ We who believe in freedom ♪
2163
01:46:13,734 --> 01:46:19,533
♪ Cannot rest until it comes ♪
2164
01:46:19,533 --> 01:46:22,300
woman: ♪ That which
touches me most ♪
2165
01:46:22,300 --> 01:46:25,400
♪ Is that I had a chance ♪
2166
01:46:25,400 --> 01:46:29,333
♪ To work with people ♪
2167
01:46:29,333 --> 01:46:32,867
♪ Passing on to others ♪
2168
01:46:32,867 --> 01:46:38,867
♪ That which was passed
on to me ♪
2169
01:46:38,867 --> 01:46:42,467
♪ We who believe in freedom ♪
2170
01:46:42,467 --> 01:46:46,400
♪ Cannot rest ♪
2171
01:46:46,400 --> 01:46:48,533
♪ Oh, no ♪
2172
01:46:48,533 --> 01:46:52,066
♪ We who believe in freedom ♪
2173
01:46:52,066 --> 01:46:56,900
♪ Cannot rest until it comes ♪
2174
01:46:56,900 --> 01:47:04,967
♪ ♪
2175
01:47:08,667 --> 01:47:11,734
- You comin', brother?
2176
01:47:11,734 --> 01:47:13,767
- No.
2177
01:47:13,767 --> 01:47:15,934
You all go on ahead.
2178
01:47:18,834 --> 01:47:22,533
woman: ♪ Don't you be afraid ♪
2179
01:47:22,533 --> 01:47:25,867
[relaxed funky music]
2180
01:47:25,867 --> 01:47:30,066
man: ♪ Hey ♪
2181
01:47:30,066 --> 01:47:32,600
♪ Ooh ♪
2182
01:47:32,600 --> 01:47:35,000
♪ Oh, yeah ♪
2183
01:47:35,000 --> 01:47:36,800
♪ Ooh, yeah ♪
2184
01:47:36,800 --> 01:47:39,934
♪ Ooh, yeah, yeah ♪
2185
01:47:39,934 --> 01:47:43,467
♪ ♪
2186
01:47:43,467 --> 01:47:48,066
♪ Preacher preaching
in a broken voice ♪
2187
01:47:48,066 --> 01:47:52,367
♪ Crickets creaking
out the lonely noise ♪
2188
01:47:52,367 --> 01:47:57,100
♪ The sun is sinking
'cause it's got no choice ♪
2189
01:47:57,100 --> 01:48:00,867
♪ Just like my sinking heart ♪
2190
01:48:00,867 --> 01:48:02,333
♪ Ooh ♪
2191
01:48:02,333 --> 01:48:07,000
woman: ♪ People watching
through a veil of tears ♪
2192
01:48:07,000 --> 01:48:11,767
♪ Singing we shall overcome
our fears ♪
2193
01:48:11,767 --> 01:48:16,100
♪ He was barely
even 40 years ♪
2194
01:48:16,100 --> 01:48:19,400
♪ But I can hear him
talk and hear him saying ♪
2195
01:48:19,400 --> 01:48:22,333
♪ Loud and clear ♪
2196
01:48:22,333 --> 01:48:26,800
man: ♪ When they lay me
down to rest ♪
2197
01:48:26,800 --> 01:48:29,400
♪ I won't go quietly ♪
2198
01:48:29,400 --> 01:48:31,533
♪ No ♪
2199
01:48:31,533 --> 01:48:36,166
♪ Sometimes the price
of life is death ♪
2200
01:48:36,166 --> 01:48:39,300
♪ But I would never sleep ♪
2201
01:48:39,300 --> 01:48:41,433
♪ No ♪
2202
01:48:41,433 --> 01:48:44,233
♪ Remember me ♪
2203
01:48:44,233 --> 01:48:45,867
♪ Ooh, yeah ♪
2204
01:48:45,867 --> 01:48:47,066
all: ♪ You'll remember
my dream ♪
2205
01:48:47,066 --> 01:48:50,800
woman: ♪ You'll remember me ♪
2206
01:48:50,800 --> 01:48:54,767
all: ♪ You'll remember
my dream ♪
2207
01:48:54,767 --> 01:48:57,867
[Stevie Wonder's
"Jesus Children of America"]
2208
01:48:57,867 --> 01:49:00,900
[upbeat funky music]
2209
01:49:00,900 --> 01:49:04,600
♪ ♪
2210
01:49:04,600 --> 01:49:06,867
man: ♪ Hello, Jesus ♪
2211
01:49:06,867 --> 01:49:09,166
♪ Jesus, children ♪
2212
01:49:09,166 --> 01:49:11,400
♪ Jesus loves you ♪
2213
01:49:11,400 --> 01:49:13,800
♪ Jesus, children ♪
2214
01:49:13,800 --> 01:49:16,500
♪ Hello, children,
Jesus loves you ♪
2215
01:49:16,500 --> 01:49:21,400
♪ Of America ♪
2216
01:49:21,400 --> 01:49:23,166
♪ Mm ♪
2217
01:49:23,166 --> 01:49:25,600
man: ♪ Are you hearing ♪
2218
01:49:25,600 --> 01:49:27,834
♪ What he's saying? ♪
2219
01:49:27,834 --> 01:49:30,066
♪ Are you feeling ♪
2220
01:49:30,066 --> 01:49:32,433
♪ What you're praying? ♪
2221
01:49:32,433 --> 01:49:34,867
♪ Are you hearing,
praying, feeling ♪
2222
01:49:34,867 --> 01:49:38,467
♪ What you say inside? ♪
2223
01:49:38,467 --> 01:49:40,767
♪ Yeah ♪
2224
01:49:40,767 --> 01:49:43,033
♪ You'd better tell ♪
2225
01:49:43,033 --> 01:49:49,900
♪ Mm, mm, your story fast ♪
2226
01:49:49,900 --> 01:49:53,033
man: ♪ And if you lie ♪
2227
01:49:53,033 --> 01:49:59,667
man: ♪ It will come to pass ♪
2228
01:49:59,667 --> 01:50:01,467
♪ Mm ♪
2229
01:50:01,467 --> 01:50:03,667
♪ ♪
2230
01:50:03,667 --> 01:50:08,066
♪ Mm ♪
2231
01:50:08,066 --> 01:50:09,834
♪ Yeah ♪
2232
01:50:09,834 --> 01:50:12,100
♪ Tell me holy ♪
2233
01:50:12,100 --> 01:50:14,567
♪ Holy roller ♪
2234
01:50:14,567 --> 01:50:16,867
♪ Are you standing ♪
2235
01:50:16,867 --> 01:50:19,166
♪ Like a soldier ♪
2236
01:50:19,166 --> 01:50:24,266
♪ Are you standing for
everything you talk about? ♪
2237
01:50:24,266 --> 01:50:26,500
♪ ♪
2238
01:50:26,500 --> 01:50:30,333
man: ♪ Whoa,
said Jesus ♪
2239
01:50:30,333 --> 01:50:32,500
♪ Meditation ♪
2240
01:50:32,500 --> 01:50:34,700
♪ It speaks of ♪
2241
01:50:34,700 --> 01:50:37,200
♪ Preservation ♪
2242
01:50:37,200 --> 01:50:40,266
♪ Hey, Jesus told us
meditation ♪
2243
01:50:40,266 --> 01:50:44,367
♪ Gives you peace of mind ♪
2244
01:50:44,367 --> 01:50:46,066
man: ♪ Peace of mind ♪
2245
01:50:46,066 --> 01:50:49,467
man: ♪ You'd better tell ♪
2246
01:50:49,467 --> 01:50:54,800
♪ Your story fast ♪
2247
01:50:54,800 --> 01:50:58,533
♪ Hey ♪
man: ♪ And if you lie ♪
2248
01:50:58,533 --> 01:51:05,033
♪ It will come to pass ♪
2249
01:51:05,033 --> 01:51:07,300
man: ♪ Oh, yes ♪
2250
01:51:07,300 --> 01:51:09,033
♪ Tell the story
about the... ♪
2251
01:51:09,033 --> 01:51:10,033
[gentle gospel music]
2252
01:51:10,033 --> 01:51:14,633
all: ♪ Hey, hey, Yahweh ♪
2253
01:51:14,633 --> 01:51:19,967
♪ Hey, hey, my God ♪
2254
01:51:19,967 --> 01:51:25,400
♪ Hey, hey, Yahweh ♪
2255
01:51:25,400 --> 01:51:31,000
♪ Ooh, ooh, Almighty ♪
2256
01:51:31,000 --> 01:51:34,033
♪ ♪
2257
01:51:34,033 --> 01:51:36,700
♪ Ooh, ooh-ooh-ooh ♪
2258
01:51:36,700 --> 01:51:41,467
♪ Ooh, ooh, ooh-ooh-ooh ♪
2259
01:51:41,467 --> 01:51:43,100
♪ Shoo ♪
2260
01:51:43,100 --> 01:51:45,433
♪ Whoa, hey, hey, hey ♪
2261
01:51:45,433 --> 01:51:46,834
♪ Ah, ah ♪
2262
01:51:46,834 --> 01:51:49,400
♪ Ooh, ooh ♪
2263
01:51:49,400 --> 01:51:53,166
♪ Hey, Yahweh ♪
2264
01:51:53,166 --> 01:51:56,967
♪ Hey, my God ♪
2265
01:51:56,967 --> 01:52:00,533
♪ Share in our way ♪
2266
01:52:00,533 --> 01:52:04,400
♪ Share in Yahweh ♪
2267
01:52:04,400 --> 01:52:06,633
♪ ♪
2268
01:52:06,633 --> 01:52:09,633
[all vocalizing]
2269
01:52:09,633 --> 01:52:17,700
♪ ♪
2270
01:52:24,967 --> 01:52:27,934
[all chanting]
2271
01:52:27,934 --> 01:52:36,000
♪ ♪
2272
01:52:49,467 --> 01:52:50,767
♪ Hey ♪
153849
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