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These are the user uploaded subtitles that are being translated: 1 00:00:12,333 --> 00:00:16,367 [bus tires hissing, door closing] 2 00:00:16,367 --> 00:00:19,433 [applause] 3 00:00:24,033 --> 00:00:27,033 Martin: There comes a time when time itself 4 00:00:27,033 --> 00:00:28,600 is ready for a change. 5 00:00:28,600 --> 00:00:29,900 all: Yes. 6 00:00:29,900 --> 00:00:32,500 Martin: And that time has come in Montgomery. 7 00:00:32,500 --> 00:00:35,500 ["Sweet Home Alabama"] 8 00:00:35,500 --> 00:00:38,500 [upbeat rock music] 9 00:00:38,500 --> 00:00:46,567 ♪ ♪ 10 00:00:52,467 --> 00:00:54,333 all: ♪ Ooh, hoo, hoo ♪ 11 00:00:54,333 --> 00:00:57,800 man: ♪ Big wheels keep on turnin' ♪ 12 00:00:57,800 --> 00:00:59,734 ♪ ♪ 13 00:00:59,734 --> 00:01:02,867 ♪ Carry me home to see my kin ♪ 14 00:01:02,867 --> 00:01:05,100 ♪ ♪ 15 00:01:05,100 --> 00:01:08,400 ♪ Singin' songs about the Southland ♪ 16 00:01:08,400 --> 00:01:10,300 ♪ ♪ 17 00:01:10,300 --> 00:01:12,667 ♪ I miss ole 'Bamy once again ♪ 18 00:01:12,667 --> 00:01:15,600 ♪ And I think it's a sin, yes ♪ 19 00:01:15,600 --> 00:01:16,800 children: ♪ Keep the faith ♪ 20 00:01:16,800 --> 00:01:18,500 man: ♪ We got to keep the faith ♪ 21 00:01:18,500 --> 00:01:19,633 ♪ Keep the faith ♪ 22 00:01:19,633 --> 00:01:21,100 ♪ We're gonna keep the faith ♪ 23 00:01:21,100 --> 00:01:22,600 ♪ Keep the faith ♪ 24 00:01:22,600 --> 00:01:24,900 ♪ Keep the faith, kee-kee-kee-keep ♪ 25 00:01:24,900 --> 00:01:26,233 ♪ Yeah ♪ 26 00:01:26,233 --> 00:01:29,867 ♪ In Birmingham, they love the governor ♪ 27 00:01:29,867 --> 00:01:31,567 all: ♪ Whoo, hoo, hoo ♪ 28 00:01:31,567 --> 00:01:34,467 man: ♪ Now we all did what we could do ♪ 29 00:01:34,467 --> 00:01:36,734 ♪ ♪ 30 00:01:36,734 --> 00:01:40,900 ♪ Now Watergate does not bother me ♪ 31 00:01:40,900 --> 00:01:42,367 ♪ ♪ 32 00:01:42,367 --> 00:01:44,867 ♪ Does your conscience bother you? ♪ 33 00:01:44,867 --> 00:01:46,300 ♪ Now, tell the truth ♪ 34 00:01:46,300 --> 00:01:50,033 ♪ ♪ 35 00:01:50,033 --> 00:01:54,200 all: ♪ Sweet home Alabama ♪ 36 00:01:54,200 --> 00:01:55,567 ♪ ♪ 37 00:01:55,567 --> 00:01:59,600 ♪ Where the skies are always blue ♪ 38 00:01:59,600 --> 00:02:01,033 ♪ ♪ 39 00:02:01,033 --> 00:02:04,367 ♪ Sweet home Alabama ♪ 40 00:02:04,367 --> 00:02:05,700 ♪ ♪ 41 00:02:07,667 --> 00:02:08,900 ♪ Sweet home ♪ 42 00:02:08,900 --> 00:02:11,433 - I got the right to sit here! 43 00:02:11,433 --> 00:02:14,600 Leave me alone! Leave me alone! 44 00:02:14,600 --> 00:02:18,867 all: ♪ Alabama ♪ 45 00:02:33,767 --> 00:02:36,767 [tense music] 46 00:02:36,767 --> 00:02:44,834 ♪ ♪ 47 00:03:08,567 --> 00:03:16,633 ♪ ♪ 48 00:03:19,667 --> 00:03:22,700 [dramatic music] 49 00:03:22,700 --> 00:03:25,033 ♪ ♪ 50 00:03:25,033 --> 00:03:28,100 [yelling] 51 00:03:33,500 --> 00:03:35,700 man: Gonna need that seat. 52 00:03:35,700 --> 00:03:37,433 Need that seat. 53 00:03:37,433 --> 00:03:40,166 Go on, move back to the colored section. 54 00:03:43,166 --> 00:03:44,467 Move. 55 00:03:44,467 --> 00:03:46,133 - No. 56 00:03:49,567 --> 00:03:52,633 [all talking at once] 57 00:03:55,567 --> 00:03:57,400 I am sitting in no man's land. 58 00:03:57,400 --> 00:04:00,266 It's not white. It's not colored. 59 00:04:00,266 --> 00:04:01,734 Anybody can sit here. 60 00:04:01,734 --> 00:04:04,934 - By my discretion, and I am telling you to move. 61 00:04:04,934 --> 00:04:06,533 I got to enforce the segregation laws. 62 00:04:06,533 --> 00:04:07,934 [echoing] It's my duty. 63 00:04:10,166 --> 00:04:11,967 A white person wants this seat. 64 00:04:11,967 --> 00:04:14,533 woman: [echoing] She's the one. 65 00:04:14,533 --> 00:04:16,500 [tense music] 66 00:04:16,500 --> 00:04:19,066 - You go on. 67 00:04:19,066 --> 00:04:20,600 You do what you got to do. 68 00:04:20,600 --> 00:04:24,033 [dramatic percussive music] 69 00:04:24,033 --> 00:04:32,133 ♪ ♪ 70 00:04:39,667 --> 00:04:42,967 people: [echoing] She's the one. 71 00:04:42,967 --> 00:04:46,233 She's the one. She's the one. 72 00:05:03,700 --> 00:05:06,834 [Nat King Cole's "Walkin' My Baby Back Home"] 73 00:05:06,834 --> 00:05:09,834 [relaxed jazz music] 74 00:05:09,834 --> 00:05:11,100 ♪ ♪ 75 00:05:11,100 --> 00:05:12,600 - Come on, baby. 76 00:05:12,600 --> 00:05:14,000 Nat King Cole: ♪ Gee, it's great ♪ 77 00:05:14,000 --> 00:05:16,567 ♪ After bein' out late ♪ 78 00:05:16,567 --> 00:05:20,934 ♪ Walkin' my baby back home ♪ 79 00:05:20,934 --> 00:05:25,266 ♪ Arm in arm over meadow and farm ♪ 80 00:05:25,266 --> 00:05:29,500 ♪ Walkin' my baby back home ♪ 81 00:05:29,500 --> 00:05:33,667 ♪ We go 'long harmonizing a song ♪ 82 00:05:33,667 --> 00:05:38,266 ♪ Or I'm recitin' a poem ♪ 83 00:05:38,266 --> 00:05:42,567 ♪ Owls go by, and they give me the eye ♪ 84 00:05:42,567 --> 00:05:46,400 ♪ Walkin' my baby back home ♪ 85 00:05:46,400 --> 00:05:48,834 ♪ We stop for a while ♪ 86 00:05:48,834 --> 00:05:50,900 ♪ She gives me a smile ♪ 87 00:05:50,900 --> 00:05:52,500 ♪ And snuggles her head on my chest ♪ 88 00:05:52,500 --> 00:05:54,867 [baby crying] 89 00:05:54,867 --> 00:05:56,967 ♪ We start in to pet ♪ 90 00:05:56,967 --> 00:06:00,066 ♪ And that's when I get ♪ 91 00:06:00,066 --> 00:06:03,734 ♪ Her talcum all over my vest ♪ 92 00:06:03,734 --> 00:06:08,266 ♪ After I kinda straighten my tie ♪ 93 00:06:08,266 --> 00:06:11,133 ♪ She has to borrow my comb ♪ 94 00:06:12,200 --> 00:06:14,967 - Mr. Parks, we have a real chance here 95 00:06:14,967 --> 00:06:16,834 to challenge the bus segregation law. 96 00:06:16,834 --> 00:06:19,166 - Your wife is smart. She's educated. 97 00:06:19,166 --> 00:06:22,400 - You and Mrs. Parks are so well-respected in the community. 98 00:06:22,400 --> 00:06:23,667 woman: Why, she's been the secretary 99 00:06:23,667 --> 00:06:26,333 of the Montgomery NAACP for the past ten years. 100 00:06:26,333 --> 00:06:28,400 - She'd be most impressive to a white jury. 101 00:06:28,400 --> 00:06:30,033 - We've been down this road before, 102 00:06:30,033 --> 00:06:32,333 and Rosa is the perfect plaintiff. 103 00:06:32,333 --> 00:06:35,867 - Raymond, you have struggled with us all these years. 104 00:06:35,867 --> 00:06:37,800 Now here's a chance for some good 105 00:06:37,800 --> 00:06:39,233 to finally come of it all. 106 00:06:39,233 --> 00:06:42,000 - Ain't no good gonna come out of this situation. 107 00:06:42,000 --> 00:06:43,500 Now, you mark my words. 108 00:06:47,367 --> 00:06:49,600 - Please excuse us, just for a moment. 109 00:06:52,967 --> 00:06:55,567 Please excuse us. 110 00:06:55,567 --> 00:06:58,300 Raymond, I'm asking you to support me. 111 00:07:00,800 --> 00:07:02,600 - You're asking, 112 00:07:02,600 --> 00:07:04,900 or is your mind made up? 113 00:07:09,066 --> 00:07:10,500 - Both things. 114 00:07:16,900 --> 00:07:19,934 - If they ever find out we using state property... 115 00:07:19,934 --> 00:07:21,433 - I know. - To run off these leaflets... 116 00:07:21,433 --> 00:07:22,900 - We will both be fired. 117 00:07:22,900 --> 00:07:25,600 This is our best opportunity to start a boycott, 118 00:07:25,600 --> 00:07:27,266 and we're gonna do it. 119 00:07:27,266 --> 00:07:28,700 - You discussed this with Mr. Nixon? 120 00:07:28,700 --> 00:07:30,200 - Well, not in as many words. 121 00:07:30,200 --> 00:07:32,000 - Then we don't even know for sure 122 00:07:32,000 --> 00:07:34,934 if there is gonna be a bus boycott on Monday. 123 00:07:34,934 --> 00:07:36,934 - Oh, now, there will be a boycott. 124 00:07:36,934 --> 00:07:38,200 You can count on that. 125 00:07:40,000 --> 00:07:42,066 - Coretta, honey, give me that baby so you can eat. 126 00:07:42,066 --> 00:07:44,000 - Are you sure, Juanita? 127 00:07:44,000 --> 00:07:45,633 - See, the problem is, brother, 128 00:07:45,633 --> 00:07:48,133 you've been working a little too hard. 129 00:07:48,133 --> 00:07:50,033 - Come here, you're so precious. Abernathy: It's a sermon. 130 00:07:50,033 --> 00:07:52,967 It's not some doctoral dissertation. 131 00:07:52,967 --> 00:07:55,166 [chuckles] 132 00:07:55,166 --> 00:07:56,467 Let me demonstrate this for you. 133 00:07:56,467 --> 00:07:58,800 What you do, you get up in front of the pulpit, 134 00:07:58,800 --> 00:08:02,633 you get a nice look around, see all the people, 135 00:08:02,633 --> 00:08:05,667 fill your lungs with a whole mess of air, 136 00:08:05,667 --> 00:08:09,967 turn yourself heavenward and-- and let that Spirit fill you, 137 00:08:09,967 --> 00:08:11,500 and then... [hums] 138 00:08:11,500 --> 00:08:13,200 [laughter] - Wow, wow. 139 00:08:13,200 --> 00:08:16,400 - And whatever come flyin' out, that's what you say! 140 00:08:16,400 --> 00:08:18,300 - No, no, no, not at my church, 141 00:08:18,300 --> 00:08:19,967 not at Dexter Baptist. 142 00:08:19,967 --> 00:08:21,700 Folks over there don't go in for a whole lot 143 00:08:21,700 --> 00:08:23,066 of hootin' and hollerin'. 144 00:08:23,066 --> 00:08:26,066 - Mm-mm, folks at Dexter Baptist are kind of fancy. 145 00:08:26,066 --> 00:08:27,533 Now, at Ralph's church-- 146 00:08:27,533 --> 00:08:29,700 - They're downright noisy 147 00:08:29,700 --> 00:08:31,500 and rude sometimes. 148 00:08:31,500 --> 00:08:33,233 You can't get through half of your sermon 149 00:08:33,233 --> 00:08:34,700 without them causing a ruckus. 150 00:08:34,700 --> 00:08:37,033 - That fellow who shines shoes over at the barbershop 151 00:08:37,033 --> 00:08:39,133 is a member of your church, I think, Ralph. 152 00:08:39,133 --> 00:08:42,633 He said, uh, "Reverend King, you just should've heard 153 00:08:42,633 --> 00:08:44,734 "Reverend Abernathy last Sunday. 154 00:08:44,734 --> 00:08:48,033 "He just preached his you-know-what off. 155 00:08:48,033 --> 00:08:51,700 He--he was just--oh, just amazing out there." 156 00:08:51,700 --> 00:08:53,800 I said, "Well, what did Reverend Abernathy say?" 157 00:08:53,800 --> 00:08:56,633 And he said, "I don't recall what he said, 158 00:08:56,633 --> 00:08:58,433 but, brother, we laughed." 159 00:08:58,433 --> 00:09:01,133 [laughter] 160 00:09:01,133 --> 00:09:02,433 Nixon: What about the ministers? 161 00:09:02,433 --> 00:09:04,233 - Oh, Brother Ed, you know our ministers. 162 00:09:04,233 --> 00:09:07,066 They're well-fed, comfortable men 163 00:09:07,066 --> 00:09:08,500 with good shoes. 164 00:09:08,500 --> 00:09:10,333 Ain't one of them ever even been on a bus. 165 00:09:10,333 --> 00:09:11,667 Boycott, sir. 166 00:09:11,667 --> 00:09:13,633 - We got two days to tell every Negro 167 00:09:13,633 --> 00:09:16,934 in Montgomery to stay off of the buses. 168 00:09:16,934 --> 00:09:18,400 One of them's a Sunday. 169 00:09:18,400 --> 00:09:20,100 I don't see how we can do that without the ministers. 170 00:09:20,100 --> 00:09:21,266 - Well-- hey, hey, young man. 171 00:09:21,266 --> 00:09:22,333 Now, take this home here. 172 00:09:22,333 --> 00:09:24,200 Nobody rides the buses Monday. 173 00:09:24,200 --> 00:09:25,567 Got that? - Bus boycott on Monday. 174 00:09:25,567 --> 00:09:28,100 We can't succeed unless we have their support. 175 00:09:28,100 --> 00:09:31,133 [phone ringing] 176 00:09:36,033 --> 00:09:37,800 - Hello, E.D. 177 00:09:41,900 --> 00:09:43,433 Well, that's very interesting. 178 00:09:48,867 --> 00:09:51,300 Boycotts work, Coretta. 179 00:09:51,300 --> 00:09:52,567 It worked in Baton Rouge, 180 00:09:52,567 --> 00:09:56,700 and Rosa Parks' trial is on Monday. 181 00:09:56,700 --> 00:09:58,533 People want to call attention to it. 182 00:09:58,533 --> 00:10:00,767 - Now, why are they having the meeting at your church? 183 00:10:00,767 --> 00:10:01,900 - E.D. asked. 184 00:10:01,900 --> 00:10:03,667 He thought it'd be neutral ground. 185 00:10:03,667 --> 00:10:05,400 - Neutral ground? 186 00:10:05,400 --> 00:10:08,467 - And we have a nicer meeting room. 187 00:10:08,467 --> 00:10:10,600 - Martin, you're a new pastor 188 00:10:10,600 --> 00:10:12,233 and a new father. 189 00:10:12,233 --> 00:10:14,333 And we agreed that you wouldn't 190 00:10:14,333 --> 00:10:16,333 take on too many responsibilities. 191 00:10:16,333 --> 00:10:18,934 - But as a pastor, this is part of what I do. 192 00:10:23,967 --> 00:10:26,300 It's just a meeting. 193 00:10:26,300 --> 00:10:27,800 - Uh-huh. 194 00:10:31,100 --> 00:10:32,300 - Where were we? Where were we? 195 00:10:32,300 --> 00:10:33,400 We were talking about-- 196 00:10:33,400 --> 00:10:35,300 - I thought we came here to talk about boycotts. 197 00:10:35,300 --> 00:10:36,333 [all talking at once] 198 00:10:36,333 --> 00:10:38,900 - We only have two days to get everyone-- 199 00:10:38,900 --> 00:10:40,166 - So what I think we ought to-- 200 00:10:40,166 --> 00:10:42,433 I'd like to make a motion, all right? 201 00:10:42,433 --> 00:10:44,467 [gavel pounds] - Ah. 202 00:10:44,467 --> 00:10:45,800 The motion is denied. 203 00:10:45,800 --> 00:10:48,667 - I didn't make the motion yet. - Well, you were fixin' to. 204 00:10:48,667 --> 00:10:50,500 man: See, that's what happen. - All right. 205 00:10:50,500 --> 00:10:52,200 - Welcome to Montgomery, brother. 206 00:10:52,200 --> 00:10:53,800 - I'd like to make a motion that we elect 207 00:10:53,800 --> 00:10:55,400 ourselves a board. 208 00:10:55,400 --> 00:10:56,734 Get our-- - Denied. 209 00:10:56,734 --> 00:10:58,867 - But, now, Reverend, I mean, 210 00:10:58,867 --> 00:11:00,633 point of order here. 211 00:11:00,633 --> 00:11:02,400 Banyon: Denied. - Oh, come on, now. 212 00:11:02,400 --> 00:11:05,133 - Sister Robinson, I know how to run a boycott. 213 00:11:05,133 --> 00:11:06,367 - He sure does. 214 00:11:06,367 --> 00:11:08,066 He's about to start one right now. 215 00:11:08,066 --> 00:11:09,734 Folks gonna boycott the boycott. 216 00:11:09,734 --> 00:11:11,166 man: I have a question. 217 00:11:11,166 --> 00:11:13,500 How are folks supposed to get to work? 218 00:11:13,500 --> 00:11:15,467 man: Oh, good Lord, this is no time for questions, man. 219 00:11:15,467 --> 00:11:16,967 This is a time for action. 220 00:11:16,967 --> 00:11:18,734 man: Well, that's-- that's a legitimate question. 221 00:11:18,734 --> 00:11:20,767 That's a legitimate question. 222 00:11:20,767 --> 00:11:22,967 - I just want to say, we gonna need a leader eventually, 223 00:11:22,967 --> 00:11:26,367 and since I have the largest congregation here... 224 00:11:26,367 --> 00:11:28,266 - We're not ready for nothing like that. 225 00:11:28,266 --> 00:11:31,266 [all talking at once] 226 00:11:31,266 --> 00:11:33,633 man: That's why I say I nominate my church... 227 00:11:33,633 --> 00:11:35,200 - I'd like to leave too, brother, 228 00:11:35,200 --> 00:11:36,467 but it's my church. 229 00:11:36,467 --> 00:11:39,700 - Brothers and sisters, brother--can--can we simplify-- 230 00:11:39,700 --> 00:11:41,266 brothers and sisters, please, 231 00:11:41,266 --> 00:11:42,533 can I get your attention for a minute? 232 00:11:42,533 --> 00:11:44,000 [people shushing, man speaks indistinctly] 233 00:11:44,000 --> 00:11:46,967 Now, look, can we just simply agree 234 00:11:46,967 --> 00:11:49,367 for a one-day boycott of the buses? 235 00:11:49,367 --> 00:11:54,533 Just one day just to see what happens, okay? 236 00:11:55,667 --> 00:11:58,734 [dog barking] 237 00:12:08,433 --> 00:12:11,166 - Martin. 238 00:12:11,166 --> 00:12:13,133 Martin, here it comes. 239 00:12:23,133 --> 00:12:25,333 - It's empty. 240 00:12:25,333 --> 00:12:26,834 - It's empty. 241 00:12:26,834 --> 00:12:28,767 man: ♪ Comin' for to carry me home ♪ 242 00:12:28,767 --> 00:12:31,533 - It's empty, not a soul. 243 00:12:31,533 --> 00:12:34,867 - Good morning, Reverend King, Mrs. King! 244 00:12:34,867 --> 00:12:36,633 - Good morning. 245 00:12:36,633 --> 00:12:38,233 - A very good morning. 246 00:12:38,233 --> 00:12:39,967 - Good day for walkin'. 247 00:12:39,967 --> 00:12:41,200 Martin: Yes, yes. 248 00:12:41,200 --> 00:12:43,367 Sweetheart, 249 00:12:43,367 --> 00:12:45,467 you might want to go on inside and get dressed. 250 00:12:45,467 --> 00:12:49,033 man: ♪ Going home, going home ♪ 251 00:12:49,033 --> 00:12:50,700 ♪ Comin' for to carry me home ♪ 252 00:12:50,700 --> 00:12:52,500 man: ♪ Comin' for to carry me ♪ 253 00:12:52,500 --> 00:12:55,233 ♪ ♪ 254 00:12:55,233 --> 00:13:00,133 [man scatting] 255 00:13:00,133 --> 00:13:03,133 [percussive music] 256 00:13:03,133 --> 00:13:06,633 ♪ ♪ 257 00:13:06,633 --> 00:13:08,333 - They gave me this 258 00:13:08,333 --> 00:13:11,333 and said Negroes are supposed to stay off the bus. 259 00:13:13,200 --> 00:13:16,266 [bus engine revving] 260 00:13:25,734 --> 00:13:30,367 ♪ ♪ 261 00:13:30,367 --> 00:13:32,633 - "If you work, 262 00:13:32,633 --> 00:13:34,767 "take a cab or walk, 263 00:13:34,767 --> 00:13:37,767 "but please, children and grown-ups, 264 00:13:37,767 --> 00:13:41,266 don't get on a bus at all on Monday." 265 00:13:41,266 --> 00:13:44,667 Dizzy Gillespie: ♪ Swing low, sweet Cadillac ♪ 266 00:13:44,667 --> 00:13:48,033 ♪ Comin' for to carry me home ♪ 267 00:13:48,033 --> 00:13:51,300 ♪ Swing low, sweet Cadillac ♪ 268 00:13:51,300 --> 00:13:54,633 ♪ Comin' for to carry me home ♪ 269 00:13:54,633 --> 00:13:58,166 ♪ I looked over Jordan, and what did I see? ♪ 270 00:13:58,166 --> 00:14:00,934 ♪ Comin' for to carry me home ♪ 271 00:14:00,934 --> 00:14:04,900 ♪ Oh, an El Dorado comin' after me ♪ 272 00:14:04,900 --> 00:14:07,500 ♪ Comin' for to carry me home ♪ 273 00:14:07,500 --> 00:14:10,500 [upbeat jazz music] 274 00:14:10,500 --> 00:14:18,567 ♪ ♪ 275 00:14:28,700 --> 00:14:30,266 - What? - We got a ambush. 276 00:14:30,266 --> 00:14:32,033 - Quiet. We got an ambush going. 277 00:14:38,100 --> 00:14:40,934 [all yelling] 278 00:14:40,934 --> 00:14:42,834 - Based on the evidence presented here this morning, 279 00:14:42,834 --> 00:14:45,500 I find you, Rosa Parks, guilty of violating 280 00:14:45,500 --> 00:14:47,500 the state segregation statute, 281 00:14:47,500 --> 00:14:49,367 and I hereby fine you $10, 282 00:14:49,367 --> 00:14:51,400 plus $4 court cost. 283 00:14:51,400 --> 00:14:54,667 Gray: Your Honor, Mrs. Parks will refuse to pay the fine 284 00:14:54,667 --> 00:14:57,100 and hereby notices her appeal. 285 00:14:57,100 --> 00:14:58,367 judge: Very well. 286 00:14:58,367 --> 00:15:02,066 I'm setting her appeal bond at $100. 287 00:15:02,066 --> 00:15:03,667 Pay the clerk. 288 00:15:03,667 --> 00:15:05,000 [gavel pounds] 289 00:15:05,000 --> 00:15:07,900 - Folks just gonna have to get smart and join the Klan. 290 00:15:07,900 --> 00:15:09,200 [overlapping conversations] 291 00:15:09,200 --> 00:15:11,133 man: Order! 292 00:15:11,133 --> 00:15:13,533 [gavel pounds] Order. 293 00:15:17,100 --> 00:15:19,967 Order! 294 00:15:19,967 --> 00:15:22,133 Now, there's a motion on the floor 295 00:15:22,133 --> 00:15:24,900 to suspend the boycott. 296 00:15:24,900 --> 00:15:26,700 [all talking at once] 297 00:15:26,700 --> 00:15:29,734 - Now, now, it's too soon to quit, now. 298 00:15:29,734 --> 00:15:30,834 It's too soon to quit. 299 00:15:30,834 --> 00:15:32,467 Huh, now, we just getting started. 300 00:15:32,467 --> 00:15:33,400 - That's right. - That's right. 301 00:15:33,400 --> 00:15:35,000 - Now, I tell you what we need to do. 302 00:15:35,000 --> 00:15:36,934 We need to have a little bit more faith in our people 303 00:15:36,934 --> 00:15:38,000 and ourselves. 304 00:15:38,000 --> 00:15:39,133 - That's right. 305 00:15:39,133 --> 00:15:40,934 Banyon: Order! 306 00:15:40,934 --> 00:15:42,300 Order! 307 00:15:42,300 --> 00:15:44,900 [all talking at once, people clapping] 308 00:15:44,900 --> 00:15:46,767 - We-- [gavel pounds] 309 00:15:46,767 --> 00:15:48,934 Now, now, we talkin' about 310 00:15:48,934 --> 00:15:51,033 whether or not to end the boycott. 311 00:15:51,033 --> 00:15:53,166 Now, that's putting the cart before the horse. 312 00:15:53,166 --> 00:15:56,333 What we need to be talkin' about is electing us a leader 313 00:15:56,333 --> 00:15:58,233 to represent us; then we can go on... 314 00:15:58,233 --> 00:16:00,834 - He's had his eyes on that seat for a while. 315 00:16:00,834 --> 00:16:02,300 - You think? 316 00:16:02,300 --> 00:16:03,900 - Somebody to negotiate with the city 317 00:16:03,900 --> 00:16:05,066 and present our demands. 318 00:16:05,066 --> 00:16:06,567 - I like him, though. - Mm. 319 00:16:06,567 --> 00:16:08,233 - Old union man. 320 00:16:08,233 --> 00:16:09,834 - Christ, Lewis, I don't care. 321 00:16:09,834 --> 00:16:11,033 I got something to say! 322 00:16:11,033 --> 00:16:12,200 - You don't have the floor. - Now... 323 00:16:12,200 --> 00:16:14,266 - Rufus Lewis, he's a-- 324 00:16:14,266 --> 00:16:17,300 what you might say a man of the classes. 325 00:16:17,300 --> 00:16:18,600 - Now, you ministers have been living off 326 00:16:18,600 --> 00:16:20,600 these washwomen for the last 100 years 327 00:16:20,600 --> 00:16:22,600 and ain't done nothing for 'em. 328 00:16:22,600 --> 00:16:25,033 - These are men of the masses. 329 00:16:25,033 --> 00:16:26,066 Nixon: Let's tell the truth. 330 00:16:26,066 --> 00:16:29,734 Let's tell the truth. Let's tell the truth! 331 00:16:29,734 --> 00:16:32,333 It's our women who've been carrying the torch. 332 00:16:32,333 --> 00:16:34,600 It's our women who've been getting arrested 333 00:16:34,600 --> 00:16:36,800 while y'all hide behind their skirts 334 00:16:36,800 --> 00:16:38,700 like a bunch of damn cowards! 335 00:16:38,700 --> 00:16:41,834 Martin: Brother Nixon, Brother Nixon, Brother Nixon. 336 00:16:41,834 --> 00:16:45,033 Brother Nixon, uh, I'm not a coward, and I don't want 337 00:16:45,033 --> 00:16:47,667 anybody calling me a coward, but I agree with you. 338 00:16:47,667 --> 00:16:50,133 Uh, the time has come to stop hiding. 339 00:16:50,133 --> 00:16:52,800 Now, uh, Mrs. Parks didn't hide this morning 340 00:16:52,800 --> 00:16:56,233 before that judge, and we should act openly. 341 00:16:56,233 --> 00:16:58,233 Now, as for the question of whether or not 342 00:16:58,233 --> 00:17:01,800 to suspend the boycott, well, it seems to me 343 00:17:01,800 --> 00:17:03,300 that ought to be left up to the folks 344 00:17:03,300 --> 00:17:04,734 who attend that meeting tonight. 345 00:17:04,734 --> 00:17:08,066 After all, they're the ones who gonna be doing that walking. 346 00:17:08,066 --> 00:17:12,266 [all talking at once] 347 00:17:12,266 --> 00:17:15,266 - While I respect Mr. Nixon's years 348 00:17:15,266 --> 00:17:19,533 of service to the struggle, I feel 349 00:17:19,533 --> 00:17:25,233 we need a minister to unite our entire community. 350 00:17:25,233 --> 00:17:29,066 I think he ought to be, uh, a young man, 351 00:17:29,066 --> 00:17:31,266 a strong man. 352 00:17:31,266 --> 00:17:33,233 'Cause we know this job 353 00:17:33,233 --> 00:17:35,934 is gonna take a lot of energy. 354 00:17:35,934 --> 00:17:37,033 man: Amen, that's right. 355 00:17:37,033 --> 00:17:40,867 - Therefore, I nominate, 356 00:17:40,867 --> 00:17:46,000 as president of the Montgomery Improvement Association, 357 00:17:46,000 --> 00:17:48,500 Reverend Martin Luther King Jr. 358 00:17:49,633 --> 00:17:52,100 [people murmuring unintelligibly] 359 00:17:56,767 --> 00:17:59,533 May I have a second on my nomination? 360 00:18:03,800 --> 00:18:06,266 [people murmuring unintelligibly] 361 00:18:06,266 --> 00:18:08,266 - Yeah, I second that nomination. 362 00:18:08,266 --> 00:18:10,667 Lewis: Why, thank you, Reverend Abernathy. 363 00:18:12,467 --> 00:18:14,734 [light piano music] 364 00:18:14,734 --> 00:18:16,533 Abernathy: You ain't see that one comin', did you? 365 00:18:16,533 --> 00:18:18,233 Martin: No, Ralph, not at all. 366 00:18:18,233 --> 00:18:21,033 - You the perfect choice. 367 00:18:21,033 --> 00:18:24,734 You been in Montgomery, what, a year? 368 00:18:24,734 --> 00:18:27,934 That ain't nearly long enough to make any real enemies. 369 00:18:27,934 --> 00:18:30,967 - So you don't think they think I'm the best man for the job? 370 00:18:30,967 --> 00:18:32,133 - No, of course they do. 371 00:18:32,133 --> 00:18:34,233 'Cause you fail, 372 00:18:34,233 --> 00:18:36,500 ain't they ass in the ringer, is it? 373 00:18:36,500 --> 00:18:39,400 It's yours. 374 00:18:39,400 --> 00:18:42,166 Who are you, anyway? 375 00:18:42,166 --> 00:18:45,834 Just some young hotshot preacher from Atlanta 376 00:18:45,834 --> 00:18:47,667 with a big old divinity degree 377 00:18:47,667 --> 00:18:50,867 from some fancy Northern university. 378 00:18:50,867 --> 00:18:52,767 You're just an outsider, brother, 379 00:18:52,767 --> 00:18:54,700 with a powerful daddy. 380 00:18:54,700 --> 00:18:57,166 They'll send you home and be back to business as usual. 381 00:18:57,166 --> 00:18:58,934 - You think so, huh? - Uh-huh. 382 00:18:58,934 --> 00:19:00,133 - Well, thank you, Ralph. 383 00:19:00,133 --> 00:19:01,567 - You're very welcome. 384 00:19:01,567 --> 00:19:03,400 You worried about leading this thing? 385 00:19:03,400 --> 00:19:04,600 - No. 386 00:19:04,600 --> 00:19:06,767 I'm worried about telling this woman. 387 00:19:08,300 --> 00:19:09,834 - And what did you say? 388 00:19:09,834 --> 00:19:11,467 - I said yes. 389 00:19:11,467 --> 00:19:13,033 - You said yes? 390 00:19:13,033 --> 00:19:14,266 - I said yes. 391 00:19:14,266 --> 00:19:15,367 I didn't ask for it. 392 00:19:15,367 --> 00:19:18,533 Uh, I just made 393 00:19:18,533 --> 00:19:20,333 a few remarks 394 00:19:20,333 --> 00:19:21,867 to clarify a situation, 395 00:19:21,867 --> 00:19:23,233 and before I knew it... 396 00:19:23,233 --> 00:19:25,266 - You were trying to bite off a little piece, 397 00:19:25,266 --> 00:19:27,266 and you wound up with the whole pie. 398 00:19:27,266 --> 00:19:29,800 - That's more or less what happened. 399 00:19:30,900 --> 00:19:33,100 - Let's have dinner. 400 00:19:33,100 --> 00:19:35,166 Martin: No. 401 00:19:35,166 --> 00:19:36,533 No time. 402 00:19:36,533 --> 00:19:38,633 I have to give this speech in an hour, 403 00:19:38,633 --> 00:19:41,600 and you know it usually takes me two days for my sermons. 404 00:19:41,600 --> 00:19:44,500 Mm, now I've only got-- good Lord. 405 00:19:48,734 --> 00:19:51,867 - You'll think of something. 406 00:19:51,867 --> 00:19:54,166 You always do. 407 00:19:54,166 --> 00:19:57,133 [clock ticking] 408 00:19:57,133 --> 00:20:00,133 [dramatic music] 409 00:20:00,133 --> 00:20:08,233 ♪ ♪ 410 00:20:12,934 --> 00:20:16,166 [clock ticking] 411 00:20:16,166 --> 00:20:22,266 ♪ ♪ 412 00:20:22,266 --> 00:20:24,266 - Now, brothers and sisters, today I want you 413 00:20:24,266 --> 00:20:26,934 to put on the whole armor of God. 414 00:20:26,934 --> 00:20:28,967 The whole armor of God! 415 00:20:28,967 --> 00:20:30,000 all: Yes! 416 00:20:30,000 --> 00:20:33,033 [train whistle blowing] 417 00:20:36,700 --> 00:20:38,900 - Against the wrong done against you. 418 00:20:38,900 --> 00:20:40,567 all: Yes! Abernathy: This is Dr. King. 419 00:20:40,567 --> 00:20:41,734 He's president of the 420 00:20:41,734 --> 00:20:43,500 Montgomery Improvement Association. 421 00:20:43,500 --> 00:20:45,233 This is Dr. King, yeah. 422 00:20:45,233 --> 00:20:46,433 [unintelligible chatter] 423 00:20:46,433 --> 00:20:48,367 man: Let him through here. Let him through. 424 00:20:48,367 --> 00:20:50,033 Let him through here. 425 00:20:50,033 --> 00:20:54,200 - Dr. King, this is the day we have waited for. 426 00:20:54,200 --> 00:20:56,767 It's now all up to you. 427 00:20:56,767 --> 00:20:58,600 - That hold us in high places. 428 00:20:58,600 --> 00:21:00,633 all: Yes! man: That's right. 429 00:21:00,633 --> 00:21:03,467 - And now I introduce to you the president 430 00:21:03,467 --> 00:21:07,266 of the newly founded Montgomery Improvement Association, 431 00:21:07,266 --> 00:21:09,266 Reverend King. 432 00:21:09,266 --> 00:21:12,333 [applause] 433 00:21:19,166 --> 00:21:20,633 - Uh, good evening. 434 00:21:20,633 --> 00:21:22,133 all: Good evening. 435 00:21:22,133 --> 00:21:25,934 - First, I would like to thank, uh, Brother Fields 436 00:21:25,934 --> 00:21:29,300 for sharing his pulpit this evening, 437 00:21:29,300 --> 00:21:32,834 and I'd like to thank you all for coming out. 438 00:21:32,834 --> 00:21:34,600 You didn't have to do that. 439 00:21:34,600 --> 00:21:37,600 But, uh, I know you know that 440 00:21:37,600 --> 00:21:42,066 we are here this evening for serious business. 441 00:21:42,066 --> 00:21:43,300 [people murmur agreement] 442 00:21:43,300 --> 00:21:47,266 We are here in a general sense 443 00:21:47,266 --> 00:21:50,166 because, first and foremost, 444 00:21:50,166 --> 00:21:52,900 we're American citizens. 445 00:21:52,900 --> 00:21:58,300 And we are determined to apply our citizenship 446 00:21:58,300 --> 00:22:00,834 to the fullness of its meaning. 447 00:22:00,834 --> 00:22:02,433 all: Right. 448 00:22:02,433 --> 00:22:05,867 - But we're here in a specific sense 449 00:22:05,867 --> 00:22:08,600 because of the bus situation in Montgomery. 450 00:22:08,600 --> 00:22:09,900 all: Right. Yes. 451 00:22:09,900 --> 00:22:13,500 - Now, just the other day, one of the finest citizens 452 00:22:13,500 --> 00:22:14,667 in Montgomery-- 453 00:22:14,667 --> 00:22:18,600 not one of the finest Negro citizens, 454 00:22:18,600 --> 00:22:21,633 but one of the finest citizens in Montgomery-- 455 00:22:21,633 --> 00:22:26,200 was taken from a bus and carried to jail 456 00:22:26,200 --> 00:22:28,066 and arrested 457 00:22:28,066 --> 00:22:32,166 because she refused to get up and give her seat 458 00:22:32,166 --> 00:22:33,400 to a white person. 459 00:22:33,400 --> 00:22:36,100 all: Right. Yes. 460 00:22:36,100 --> 00:22:38,433 - And, you know, my friends, there comes a time 461 00:22:38,433 --> 00:22:41,700 when people get tired of being trampled 462 00:22:41,700 --> 00:22:43,700 by the iron feet of oppression. 463 00:22:43,700 --> 00:22:45,500 all: Yes. [applause] 464 00:22:45,500 --> 00:22:47,667 - There comes a time, my friends, 465 00:22:47,667 --> 00:22:50,800 when people get tired of being thrown 466 00:22:50,800 --> 00:22:54,500 across the abyss of humiliation, 467 00:22:54,500 --> 00:22:57,100 where they experience the bleakness 468 00:22:57,100 --> 00:22:59,467 of nagging despair. 469 00:22:59,467 --> 00:23:02,500 There comes a time when people get tired 470 00:23:02,500 --> 00:23:04,867 of being pushed out of the glittering sunlight 471 00:23:04,867 --> 00:23:08,033 of life's July and left standing 472 00:23:08,033 --> 00:23:12,633 amidst the piercing chill of an alpine November. 473 00:23:12,633 --> 00:23:17,066 We're here--we're here because we're tired now. 474 00:23:17,066 --> 00:23:18,734 all: Yes. 475 00:23:18,734 --> 00:23:20,934 - And we're not wrong in what we're doing. 476 00:23:20,934 --> 00:23:22,400 [people murmuring unintelligibly] 477 00:23:22,400 --> 00:23:24,467 If we are wrong, the Supreme Court 478 00:23:24,467 --> 00:23:25,934 of this nation is wrong. 479 00:23:25,934 --> 00:23:29,066 [cheers and applause] 480 00:23:29,066 --> 00:23:31,367 If we are wrong, the Constitution 481 00:23:31,367 --> 00:23:34,767 of the United States is wrong. 482 00:23:34,767 --> 00:23:39,133 If we are wrong, God Almighty is wrong. 483 00:23:39,133 --> 00:23:42,200 If we are wrong, Jesus of Nazareth 484 00:23:42,200 --> 00:23:46,200 was merely a utopian dreamer and never came down to Earth. 485 00:23:46,200 --> 00:23:49,300 [unintelligible chatter, applause] 486 00:23:50,867 --> 00:23:55,400 If we are wrong, justice is a lie. 487 00:23:55,400 --> 00:23:58,800 And we are determined to work together here 488 00:23:58,800 --> 00:24:02,600 in Montgomery, to work and to fight 489 00:24:02,600 --> 00:24:06,667 until justice rolls down like water 490 00:24:06,667 --> 00:24:09,266 and righteousness like a mighty stream! 491 00:24:09,266 --> 00:24:12,333 [cheers and applause] 492 00:24:29,266 --> 00:24:32,667 - Ain't nothing wrong with wanting what's right. 493 00:24:32,667 --> 00:24:35,567 People around here been wanting what's right all along. 494 00:24:35,567 --> 00:24:39,133 - I have here a resolution 495 00:24:39,133 --> 00:24:42,667 drafted by attorney Fred Gray 496 00:24:42,667 --> 00:24:46,000 for your consideration. 497 00:24:46,000 --> 00:24:48,266 And it reads, 498 00:24:48,266 --> 00:24:51,200 "Be it resolved that the members 499 00:24:51,200 --> 00:24:54,867 "of the Montgomery Improvement Association 500 00:24:54,867 --> 00:24:57,734 "will continue the boycott 501 00:24:57,734 --> 00:25:01,066 "indefinitely 502 00:25:01,066 --> 00:25:06,567 until such time as a fair and just agreement is reached." 503 00:25:06,567 --> 00:25:10,266 Now, all those in favor, please signify by standing up. 504 00:25:18,533 --> 00:25:20,767 God be praised. 505 00:25:20,767 --> 00:25:24,500 - Our Negroes did not stay off the buses by choice. 506 00:25:24,500 --> 00:25:27,967 We have proof that Negro goon squads are intimidating 507 00:25:27,967 --> 00:25:31,333 coloreds that would otherwise go right on ridin'. 508 00:25:31,333 --> 00:25:35,266 I intend to make sure that law and order are maintained, 509 00:25:35,266 --> 00:25:38,000 and coloreds that want to go on riding our buses 510 00:25:38,000 --> 00:25:41,734 will not be constrained by outside agitators 511 00:25:41,734 --> 00:25:43,400 or unlawful elements. 512 00:25:43,400 --> 00:25:45,233 man: ♪ Said hey, little lady, maybe, baby, maybe, baby ♪ 513 00:25:45,233 --> 00:25:47,433 ♪ You can come out tonight ♪ woman: ♪ Ba-bow ♪ 514 00:25:47,433 --> 00:25:49,333 man: ♪ I said hey, little lady, maybe, baby, maybe, baby ♪ 515 00:25:49,333 --> 00:25:52,000 ♪ It could be so right ♪ woman: ♪ Ba-ba, boo-dah-bow ♪ 516 00:25:52,000 --> 00:25:53,400 - Come on now, come on. Martin: Denied! 517 00:25:53,400 --> 00:25:54,500 [laughter] 518 00:25:54,500 --> 00:25:57,767 - We--we--we got people out here who've been-- 519 00:25:57,767 --> 00:25:59,567 who've been walking for three days, 520 00:25:59,567 --> 00:26:01,166 and we can't even get ourselves together 521 00:26:01,166 --> 00:26:02,533 to make up a list of demands. 522 00:26:02,533 --> 00:26:05,300 - Look, now, we should ask for the deal 523 00:26:05,300 --> 00:26:06,700 they got down in Mobile. 524 00:26:06,700 --> 00:26:08,066 There's a precedent for it. 525 00:26:08,066 --> 00:26:10,200 - First come, first serve seating. 526 00:26:10,200 --> 00:26:12,433 - The city council would have to give us that at least. 527 00:26:12,433 --> 00:26:13,533 Write this down now. 528 00:26:13,533 --> 00:26:14,900 Negroes from back to front, 529 00:26:14,900 --> 00:26:17,200 white folks from front to back. 530 00:26:17,200 --> 00:26:20,600 - Plus courtesy and respect for the Negro passengers 531 00:26:20,600 --> 00:26:21,734 from the drivers. 532 00:26:21,734 --> 00:26:22,867 Nixon: When hell freeze over. 533 00:26:22,867 --> 00:26:25,367 Pardon me, reverends. - Can we agree? 534 00:26:25,367 --> 00:26:27,800 - Now, we need to add that we want Negro bus drivers 535 00:26:27,800 --> 00:26:29,133 to service Negro routes. 536 00:26:29,133 --> 00:26:30,900 - Robinson, they're never gonna agree to that. 537 00:26:30,900 --> 00:26:32,734 - Well, we can ask. There's no harm in asking. 538 00:26:32,734 --> 00:26:35,367 - If we can't agree amongst ourselves, 539 00:26:35,367 --> 00:26:36,734 we gonna waste this opportunity. 540 00:26:36,734 --> 00:26:39,233 - They have Negro bus drivers in other cities. 541 00:26:39,233 --> 00:26:41,500 - Miss Robinson, you know this is Montgomery, 542 00:26:41,500 --> 00:26:43,600 and they are never gonna grant us that demand. 543 00:26:43,600 --> 00:26:46,066 - Maybe that's why we should ask for it then. 544 00:26:46,066 --> 00:26:49,100 - So they can reject it. 545 00:26:49,100 --> 00:26:50,200 - Reverend King. 546 00:26:50,200 --> 00:26:52,333 - Look, now, we've emptied their buses 547 00:26:52,333 --> 00:26:53,500 for three days. 548 00:26:53,500 --> 00:26:56,400 Not a single Negro has broken the boycott. 549 00:26:56,400 --> 00:26:58,734 So they know they have to accept some changes, 550 00:26:58,734 --> 00:27:00,633 but now, at the same time... [phone rings] 551 00:27:00,633 --> 00:27:02,233 They have to save face. 552 00:27:02,233 --> 00:27:04,800 So we offer them an unreasonable provision 553 00:27:04,800 --> 00:27:05,834 so they can reject it. 554 00:27:05,834 --> 00:27:07,133 - It's not unreasonable. 555 00:27:07,133 --> 00:27:08,367 - It is to them, understand? 556 00:27:08,367 --> 00:27:10,867 - It's just, we have to be willing to give up something. 557 00:27:10,867 --> 00:27:12,200 - Give up something? 558 00:27:12,200 --> 00:27:14,000 We hardly ask them for anything in the first place. 559 00:27:14,000 --> 00:27:17,333 - It's a foothold until we can appeal Mrs. Parks' conviction. 560 00:27:17,333 --> 00:27:18,934 - Martin. 561 00:27:18,934 --> 00:27:20,000 Martin: Excuse me. 562 00:27:23,700 --> 00:27:25,000 - Could you please not do that? 563 00:27:25,000 --> 00:27:27,133 - Oh, Fred, come on. - Please. 564 00:27:27,133 --> 00:27:29,000 Nixon: Oh, Fred... 565 00:27:29,000 --> 00:27:32,000 - Don't ever call this house again. 566 00:27:32,000 --> 00:27:35,000 [melancholy music] 567 00:27:35,000 --> 00:27:41,667 ♪ ♪ 568 00:27:41,667 --> 00:27:44,667 - Who was that? 569 00:27:44,667 --> 00:27:47,567 - Nobody. 570 00:27:47,567 --> 00:27:49,066 - Well, what did he say? 571 00:27:49,066 --> 00:27:51,734 - Nothing I care to repeat. 572 00:27:54,834 --> 00:27:56,700 They're just words, Coretta. 573 00:27:56,700 --> 00:27:58,867 I've heard them before, and so have you. 574 00:27:58,867 --> 00:28:01,734 - Martin, this isn't Atlanta. 575 00:28:01,734 --> 00:28:03,700 This is Montgomery. 576 00:28:03,700 --> 00:28:07,467 And you do not take those words lightly around here. 577 00:28:07,467 --> 00:28:15,700 ♪ ♪ 578 00:28:15,700 --> 00:28:17,667 - This will all be over soon. 579 00:28:24,934 --> 00:28:28,133 The mayor convened a special meeting tomorrow 580 00:28:28,133 --> 00:28:30,567 with the city council. 581 00:28:30,567 --> 00:28:33,734 He'll compromise. 582 00:28:33,734 --> 00:28:35,233 They have to. 583 00:28:39,734 --> 00:28:41,734 man: Let me respond to your demand. 584 00:28:45,667 --> 00:28:49,100 Part one, first come, first serve seating. 585 00:28:49,100 --> 00:28:52,300 Now, we at the Montgomery city line are subject 586 00:28:52,300 --> 00:28:54,100 to the law of the state of Alabama, 587 00:28:54,100 --> 00:28:56,467 which, as we all know, requires segregation of the races. 588 00:28:56,467 --> 00:28:58,467 Gray: Look. Uh, if I may? 589 00:28:58,467 --> 00:29:02,433 The Alabama segregation statute states, 590 00:29:02,433 --> 00:29:05,433 "City authorities may require segregation," 591 00:29:05,433 --> 00:29:08,700 not "must." 592 00:29:08,700 --> 00:29:11,800 - Point two, courtesy and respect from the drivers. 593 00:29:11,800 --> 00:29:14,467 Now, as far as we know, our drivers 594 00:29:14,467 --> 00:29:16,333 are hard-working, courteous. 595 00:29:16,333 --> 00:29:17,900 - Drivers are abusive. 596 00:29:17,900 --> 00:29:21,000 They physically throw Negro women off of the buses 597 00:29:21,000 --> 00:29:23,266 for sitting in an empty white section. 598 00:29:23,266 --> 00:29:24,467 - That is gossip. 599 00:29:24,467 --> 00:29:26,467 - I've seen it with my own eyes. 600 00:29:26,467 --> 00:29:29,700 The buses stop at every corner in the white neighborhoods 601 00:29:29,700 --> 00:29:31,934 and every other corner in the colored neighborhoods. 602 00:29:31,934 --> 00:29:36,533 - Well, I won't say there isn't room for improvement. 603 00:29:36,533 --> 00:29:40,033 Point three, hiring Negro drivers. 604 00:29:40,033 --> 00:29:42,400 We won't tell the bus company who to hire, 605 00:29:42,400 --> 00:29:44,900 and we certainly won't stand 606 00:29:44,900 --> 00:29:47,567 for first come, first serve system. 607 00:29:47,567 --> 00:29:48,934 - They've done it in Mobile. 608 00:29:48,934 --> 00:29:50,934 man: Even if we wanted to, we can't. 609 00:29:50,934 --> 00:29:54,467 Uh, that would require the abolition of segregation. 610 00:29:54,467 --> 00:29:56,567 - Which is a law. 611 00:29:56,567 --> 00:29:58,066 Is that what you're asking for? 612 00:29:58,066 --> 00:29:59,700 - And other cities throughout the South? 613 00:29:59,700 --> 00:30:02,467 - You're not answering our question, Mr. King. 614 00:30:02,467 --> 00:30:04,200 Are you and your people calling for the abolition 615 00:30:04,200 --> 00:30:05,600 of the segregation laws? 616 00:30:05,600 --> 00:30:10,867 - No, what we're arguing for is a more humane system. 617 00:30:14,567 --> 00:30:16,200 [phones ringing] - I've got something to say. 618 00:30:16,200 --> 00:30:18,734 Uh, most of y'all know most of my life 619 00:30:18,734 --> 00:30:20,700 I've been fighting to kill Jim Crow, 620 00:30:20,700 --> 00:30:22,934 whether it's through the union or the NAACP, 621 00:30:22,934 --> 00:30:24,433 and I'ma tell you one thing: 622 00:30:24,433 --> 00:30:27,066 the NAACP will never support what we doing down here. 623 00:30:27,066 --> 00:30:28,433 - I do not agree. 624 00:30:28,433 --> 00:30:31,767 - Reverend King, the NAACP will never support an organization 625 00:30:31,767 --> 00:30:35,700 that's only asking for a more humane system, never! 626 00:30:35,700 --> 00:30:37,633 - Now, obviously, I have a great deal of respect 627 00:30:37,633 --> 00:30:39,767 for the NAACP, but this is 628 00:30:39,767 --> 00:30:41,700 the Montgomery Improvement Association, 629 00:30:41,700 --> 00:30:43,500 and the Montgomery Improvement Association 630 00:30:43,500 --> 00:30:46,233 has done more in four days for Negroes in this city 631 00:30:46,233 --> 00:30:48,433 than the NAACP has done in ten years. 632 00:30:48,433 --> 00:30:51,100 Now, I don't mean to be harsh in this, E.D., 633 00:30:51,100 --> 00:30:52,834 but, uh, we need to move beyond this now. 634 00:30:52,834 --> 00:30:57,066 This is a-- this is a... 635 00:30:57,066 --> 00:30:58,133 We share the same goals. 636 00:30:58,133 --> 00:30:59,400 We have the same aspirations. 637 00:30:59,400 --> 00:31:01,667 We just have different ways of going about it. 638 00:31:01,667 --> 00:31:05,200 That's all. 639 00:31:05,200 --> 00:31:07,567 - The chicken's almost ready. 640 00:31:07,567 --> 00:31:09,467 - There's a minimum fare ordinance. 641 00:31:09,467 --> 00:31:12,567 Taxis must charge a minimum of 45¢. 642 00:31:12,567 --> 00:31:13,633 - That's bullshit! 643 00:31:13,633 --> 00:31:15,433 How am I supposed to see? 644 00:31:18,633 --> 00:31:21,734 Peoples can't pay 45¢ for no taxi. 645 00:31:21,734 --> 00:31:26,033 - People can't pay 45¢ for a taxi. 646 00:31:26,033 --> 00:31:27,633 The drivers were charging a dime, 647 00:31:27,633 --> 00:31:29,000 same as the buses. 648 00:31:29,000 --> 00:31:31,300 - Which is why they want to raise the minimum fare. 649 00:31:31,300 --> 00:31:34,467 - But if the drivers charge less than 45¢, 650 00:31:34,467 --> 00:31:37,066 they liable to lose their license and they livelihood. 651 00:31:37,066 --> 00:31:39,834 - I hope this don't make Miss King jealous, Reverend. 652 00:31:39,834 --> 00:31:41,333 [both giggle] 653 00:31:41,333 --> 00:31:43,333 - People aren't gonna give up their cars. 654 00:31:43,333 --> 00:31:44,166 - Yes, they will. 655 00:31:44,166 --> 00:31:45,800 - They're too important to 'em. 656 00:31:45,800 --> 00:31:47,533 - It worked in Baton Rouge. 657 00:31:47,533 --> 00:31:50,000 The taxis there weren't allowed to lower their fares either. 658 00:31:50,000 --> 00:31:52,066 Carpools kept the boycott alive. 659 00:31:52,066 --> 00:31:53,333 - That's all well and good, 660 00:31:53,333 --> 00:31:56,266 but ain't too many car owners in my flock. 661 00:31:56,266 --> 00:31:58,667 - Well, I tell you what, Ralph. 662 00:31:58,667 --> 00:32:02,400 You keep 'em walking, I'll get us some cars. 663 00:32:02,400 --> 00:32:07,133 - Now, I'm hearing stories, inspiring stories. 664 00:32:07,133 --> 00:32:09,567 We have Mother Pollard here, 665 00:32:09,567 --> 00:32:11,567 70-year-old woman, 666 00:32:11,567 --> 00:32:14,266 walking to and fro to work 667 00:32:14,266 --> 00:32:16,867 and back home 12 miles every day 668 00:32:16,867 --> 00:32:18,367 with a cane, unbent. 669 00:32:18,367 --> 00:32:19,500 [cheers and applause] 670 00:32:19,500 --> 00:32:23,600 Now, I feel an unstoppable conviction right now. 671 00:32:23,600 --> 00:32:25,900 And I know you feel it too. 672 00:32:25,900 --> 00:32:28,567 So we gon' keep on walking. all: Yes! 673 00:32:28,567 --> 00:32:30,600 - We gon' keep on walking. 674 00:32:30,600 --> 00:32:32,900 We'll walk to work every morning, 675 00:32:32,900 --> 00:32:36,066 and we'll walk back home every night. 676 00:32:36,066 --> 00:32:40,100 We'll wear a groove in the footpath of our cities. 677 00:32:40,100 --> 00:32:42,200 Wear a groove in the pavement 678 00:32:42,200 --> 00:32:46,000 until they see the depths of our conviction. 679 00:32:46,000 --> 00:32:48,934 We are not walking. We are marching. 680 00:32:48,934 --> 00:32:51,700 Martin: "And he said unto them, 'Which of you shall 681 00:32:51,700 --> 00:32:54,633 "'have a friend and shall go unto him at midnight 682 00:32:54,633 --> 00:32:58,533 "'and say unto him, "Friend, lend me three loaves, 683 00:32:58,533 --> 00:33:01,300 "'"for a friend of mine in his journey has come to me, 684 00:33:01,300 --> 00:33:03,200 and I have nothing to set before him."'" 685 00:33:03,200 --> 00:33:05,100 [people murmuring unintelligibly] 686 00:33:05,100 --> 00:33:07,967 Many in this congregation are very fortunate 687 00:33:07,967 --> 00:33:10,033 in their material possessions. 688 00:33:10,033 --> 00:33:13,934 Material things can be very nice. 689 00:33:13,934 --> 00:33:17,633 Many of us have fancy cars, Cadillac cars, 690 00:33:17,633 --> 00:33:20,033 and that's all right. 691 00:33:20,033 --> 00:33:23,934 But now God is calling on us to use these things 692 00:33:23,934 --> 00:33:29,667 to a greater purpose than simply to drive along the highway 693 00:33:29,667 --> 00:33:33,300 on a Sunday afternoon or cruise through the city 694 00:33:33,300 --> 00:33:36,433 at ten miles an hour to impress the neighbors. 695 00:33:36,433 --> 00:33:37,700 man: Mm, mm-hmm. all: Right. 696 00:33:37,700 --> 00:33:40,767 - We on the committee have decided on a system 697 00:33:40,767 --> 00:33:43,200 to ease our burden. 698 00:33:43,200 --> 00:33:45,633 Morning, Mr. Sands. 699 00:33:45,633 --> 00:33:47,367 His car broke down. 700 00:33:47,367 --> 00:33:49,066 [laughter] 701 00:33:49,066 --> 00:33:52,433 We're asking you, if you have a car, to share it. 702 00:33:52,433 --> 00:33:55,000 We're not asking for any outside help in this. 703 00:33:55,000 --> 00:33:57,867 We gonna do this ourselves. 704 00:33:57,867 --> 00:34:00,734 And we are going to pool our monies from all the churches 705 00:34:00,734 --> 00:34:04,667 to share the costs of maintaining the automobile 706 00:34:04,667 --> 00:34:07,233 and the cost of gasoline and such. 707 00:34:07,233 --> 00:34:09,300 And here's the-- here's the good news now. 708 00:34:09,300 --> 00:34:12,633 We gonna take up a second collection today. 709 00:34:12,633 --> 00:34:13,967 man: Amen. 710 00:34:13,967 --> 00:34:17,033 [applause] 711 00:34:18,667 --> 00:34:20,533 - And I'll tell you something else. 712 00:34:20,533 --> 00:34:22,734 If a couple of farmhands get mud 713 00:34:22,734 --> 00:34:24,767 on his precious upholstery, old Dr. Johnson's 714 00:34:24,767 --> 00:34:26,300 gonna have a heart attack on the spot. 715 00:34:26,300 --> 00:34:29,133 - Now, you be careful, there. 716 00:34:29,133 --> 00:34:32,600 - You really think that people will just give up their cars? 717 00:34:35,467 --> 00:34:38,700 - Well, I've been told 718 00:34:38,700 --> 00:34:41,867 I have certain powers of persuasion. 719 00:34:41,867 --> 00:34:44,567 [gentle piano music] 720 00:34:44,567 --> 00:34:47,734 - Who told you that? 721 00:34:47,734 --> 00:34:50,600 - My beautiful wife. 722 00:34:50,600 --> 00:34:58,600 ♪ ♪ 723 00:34:58,600 --> 00:35:01,600 [slow dramatic music] 724 00:35:01,600 --> 00:35:09,700 ♪ ♪ 725 00:35:29,767 --> 00:35:34,333 It didn't last in Baton Rouge. 726 00:35:34,333 --> 00:35:37,567 - What? 727 00:35:37,567 --> 00:35:39,734 - Boycott. 728 00:35:39,734 --> 00:35:43,166 Carpool ended in two weeks. 729 00:35:43,166 --> 00:35:49,266 ♪ ♪ 730 00:35:49,266 --> 00:35:50,767 [dramatic electric guitar flourish] 731 00:35:50,767 --> 00:35:52,567 Lewis: We're guessing the bus company losing about 732 00:35:52,567 --> 00:35:54,600 30,000 Negro fares every day. 733 00:35:54,600 --> 00:35:57,367 We subtract some for the folks who walk. 734 00:35:57,367 --> 00:35:59,133 Some just stay home. 735 00:35:59,133 --> 00:36:01,033 It's about 20,000 people, 736 00:36:01,033 --> 00:36:04,433 20,000 rides a day, that's what we need. 737 00:36:04,433 --> 00:36:07,633 Now, with the number of cars we have volunteered, 738 00:36:07,633 --> 00:36:11,133 that works out to be about 130 rides a day, 739 00:36:11,133 --> 00:36:12,867 every single car. 740 00:36:12,867 --> 00:36:14,333 ♪ ♪ 741 00:36:14,333 --> 00:36:16,767 - Every car? 742 00:36:16,767 --> 00:36:19,900 - [chuckles] 743 00:36:19,900 --> 00:36:21,400 - Every car. 744 00:36:21,400 --> 00:36:22,767 ♪ ♪ 745 00:36:22,767 --> 00:36:24,633 All right. 746 00:36:24,633 --> 00:36:27,600 All you riding out near Madison Street, 747 00:36:27,600 --> 00:36:30,433 you gonna ride with Dr. Johnson here. 748 00:36:30,433 --> 00:36:31,867 ♪ ♪ 749 00:36:31,867 --> 00:36:32,800 Come on, get in. 750 00:36:32,800 --> 00:36:34,133 Everybody go in here nicely, please. 751 00:36:34,133 --> 00:36:36,066 - Now, now, you all be careful, please. 752 00:36:36,066 --> 00:36:37,367 - Let's go. Everybody, everybody get in. 753 00:36:37,367 --> 00:36:38,500 - Please. 754 00:36:38,500 --> 00:36:40,000 - Dr. Johnson, you still co-ride, sir? 755 00:36:40,000 --> 00:36:42,333 We sure appreciate what you're doing for the cause, sir. 756 00:36:42,333 --> 00:36:43,600 Franklin: ♪ Get ready ♪ 757 00:36:43,600 --> 00:36:44,934 ♪ For the revolution ♪ 758 00:36:44,934 --> 00:36:46,500 ♪ Come on, come on, come on ♪ 759 00:36:46,500 --> 00:36:49,700 ♪ Ow ♪ women: ♪ Oh, oh, oh ♪ 760 00:36:49,700 --> 00:36:51,266 ♪ Oh, oh, oh, oh ♪ 761 00:36:51,266 --> 00:36:52,433 Franklin: ♪ Do you want a revolution? ♪ 762 00:36:52,433 --> 00:36:53,834 chorus: ♪ Whoo, whoo ♪ 763 00:36:53,834 --> 00:36:55,367 Franklin: ♪ Say, do you want a revolution? ♪ 764 00:36:55,367 --> 00:36:56,667 chorus: ♪ Whoo, whoo ♪ Franklin: ♪ Come on ♪ 765 00:36:56,667 --> 00:36:58,867 women: ♪ Whoa-ho-ho-ho ♪ 766 00:36:58,867 --> 00:37:00,567 ♪ Whoa-ho-ho-ho ♪ 767 00:37:00,567 --> 00:37:02,066 Franklin: ♪ Do you want a revolution? ♪ 768 00:37:02,066 --> 00:37:03,734 chorus: ♪ Whoo, whoo ♪ Franklin: ♪ Come on ♪ 769 00:37:03,734 --> 00:37:05,800 ♪ Do you want a revolution? ♪ chorus: ♪ Whoo, whoo ♪ 770 00:37:05,800 --> 00:37:08,233 women: ♪ There's gonna be a brighter day ♪ 771 00:37:08,233 --> 00:37:10,200 ♪ All your troubles will pass away ♪ 772 00:37:10,200 --> 00:37:11,967 all: ♪ A revolution's coming, yes, it's coming ♪ 773 00:37:11,967 --> 00:37:13,834 ♪ Coming, revolution's coming, yes, it's coming ♪ 774 00:37:13,834 --> 00:37:15,000 ♪ Revolution's coming ♪ 775 00:37:15,000 --> 00:37:17,367 women: ♪ Whoa-ho-ho-ho ♪ 776 00:37:17,367 --> 00:37:19,467 ♪ Whoa-ho-ho-ho ♪ Franklin: ♪ Listen, listen ♪ 777 00:37:19,467 --> 00:37:21,467 ♪ Do you want a revolution? ♪ chorus: ♪ Whoo, whoo ♪ 778 00:37:21,467 --> 00:37:22,967 Franklin: ♪ I say, do you want a revolution? ♪ 779 00:37:22,967 --> 00:37:24,300 chorus: ♪ Whoo, whoo ♪ 780 00:37:24,300 --> 00:37:27,300 Martin: No, sir. It's taken us all by surprise. 781 00:37:30,033 --> 00:37:32,934 I--I will bear that in mind. 782 00:37:32,934 --> 00:37:36,300 Yes, sir. 783 00:37:36,300 --> 00:37:38,200 Good night. 784 00:37:38,200 --> 00:37:42,433 [clock ticking] 785 00:37:42,433 --> 00:37:44,200 That was Mr. Milton. 786 00:37:44,200 --> 00:37:45,600 Coretta: From the Dexter board? 787 00:37:45,600 --> 00:37:47,233 - Yeah. 788 00:37:47,233 --> 00:37:50,400 Reminding me that I'm still the pastor of a church. 789 00:37:50,400 --> 00:37:53,166 - And did he also remind you that the last pastor 790 00:37:53,166 --> 00:37:56,133 was fired for his radical views? 791 00:37:56,133 --> 00:37:58,433 - Not in so many words. 792 00:37:58,433 --> 00:38:01,300 But it was very much implied. 793 00:38:02,934 --> 00:38:04,467 - You found five? 794 00:38:04,467 --> 00:38:05,800 God bless you. 795 00:38:05,800 --> 00:38:08,066 - Now, you got to be there at 6:00 p.m. sharp, now. 796 00:38:08,066 --> 00:38:09,567 6:00 p.m. sharp. 797 00:38:09,567 --> 00:38:12,633 [all talking at once] 798 00:38:14,734 --> 00:38:17,367 - Oh, Lord. Okay. 799 00:38:17,367 --> 00:38:20,700 All right. I'll get back to you. 800 00:38:20,700 --> 00:38:23,433 Got some trouble at the Day Street lot. 801 00:38:23,433 --> 00:38:26,000 Vandals done slashed some tires. 802 00:38:29,333 --> 00:38:31,567 [dog barking, bottle clinks] 803 00:38:31,567 --> 00:38:35,500 - They asked us to watch over these here vehicles 804 00:38:35,500 --> 00:38:39,233 after some of the tires got slashed. 805 00:38:39,233 --> 00:38:42,133 Said we could even sleep in 'em if we want to, 806 00:38:42,133 --> 00:38:45,567 long as that don't happen to them. 807 00:38:45,567 --> 00:38:49,166 We got to do our part too, you understand? 808 00:38:49,166 --> 00:38:52,033 - And then you raised the taxi fares by 45¢. 809 00:38:52,033 --> 00:38:53,500 - Cars been vandalized all over town. 810 00:38:53,500 --> 00:38:55,133 - Sorry I'm late. 811 00:38:57,867 --> 00:39:00,000 - Who is this? 812 00:39:00,000 --> 00:39:03,233 - Uh, Luther Ingalls, secretary of White Citizens. 813 00:39:03,233 --> 00:39:04,500 - Is that who I think it is? 814 00:39:04,500 --> 00:39:06,166 - Guess he left his robe at home. 815 00:39:06,166 --> 00:39:08,767 - Uh, Mr. Mayor, we were not informed 816 00:39:08,767 --> 00:39:12,533 that, uh, Mr. Ingalls was a member of your committee. 817 00:39:12,533 --> 00:39:15,400 - I don't think it's our job to inform you, Mr. King. 818 00:39:15,400 --> 00:39:18,200 - Well, what is our purpose if certain members 819 00:39:18,200 --> 00:39:20,266 have come with preconceived ideas? 820 00:39:20,266 --> 00:39:23,100 - Reverend King, I came here prepared 821 00:39:23,100 --> 00:39:25,767 to vote in favor of Negro bus drivers. 822 00:39:25,767 --> 00:39:29,367 I resent very deeply your statement that we 823 00:39:29,367 --> 00:39:32,667 as white people have come here with certain preconceived ideas. 824 00:39:32,667 --> 00:39:34,400 I most certainly did not. 825 00:39:34,400 --> 00:39:35,667 man: Nor did I. 826 00:39:35,667 --> 00:39:39,100 - Well, I apologize to those of you who have come 827 00:39:39,100 --> 00:39:42,300 with more open minds, but I would also 828 00:39:42,300 --> 00:39:44,900 like to state for the record that we of the MIA 829 00:39:44,900 --> 00:39:48,100 strongly protest the presence of the White Citizens' Council 830 00:39:48,100 --> 00:39:49,500 at this meeting. 831 00:39:49,500 --> 00:39:51,533 - You're here representing the Negroes. 832 00:39:51,533 --> 00:39:53,166 No difference me representing my people. 833 00:39:53,166 --> 00:39:55,200 - Don't compare our two organizations. 834 00:39:55,200 --> 00:39:56,500 - Why not? 835 00:39:56,500 --> 00:39:58,433 - The White Citizens' Council is openly racist. 836 00:39:58,433 --> 00:40:00,633 - That is your opinion, Reverend King. 837 00:40:00,633 --> 00:40:03,700 Now, I suggest you exercise the same tolerance 838 00:40:03,700 --> 00:40:05,033 for a different opinion. 839 00:40:05,033 --> 00:40:07,500 - I don't think it's a question of my tolerance. 840 00:40:07,500 --> 00:40:09,166 - Well, it seems you've got a real problem 841 00:40:09,166 --> 00:40:10,734 with other people expressing their opinions, 842 00:40:10,734 --> 00:40:12,700 don't you, Mr. King? 843 00:40:12,700 --> 00:40:14,633 This man, this man here speaks for you all? 844 00:40:14,633 --> 00:40:16,967 - All right, let me make one thing very clear. 845 00:40:16,967 --> 00:40:19,266 Let there be no mistake that Reverend King 846 00:40:19,266 --> 00:40:22,367 is the voice of every Negro in this room, 847 00:40:22,367 --> 00:40:26,667 but he's also the voice of 50,000 Negroes in Montgomery. 848 00:40:33,166 --> 00:40:35,433 [church bell tolls] 849 00:40:35,433 --> 00:40:37,000 - I walked right into that. 850 00:40:37,000 --> 00:40:38,467 - Amen. 851 00:40:38,467 --> 00:40:40,467 - Now, see, they think they're slick. 852 00:40:40,467 --> 00:40:42,266 They're not negotiating on good faith, 853 00:40:42,266 --> 00:40:44,734 and they think we foolish enough not to know the difference. 854 00:40:44,734 --> 00:40:46,467 - Brother, this is a siege. 855 00:40:46,467 --> 00:40:50,066 This is a battle to see who's gonna give in first. 856 00:40:50,066 --> 00:40:53,033 They just wore you down. 857 00:40:53,033 --> 00:40:54,467 - I guess you're right. 858 00:40:57,467 --> 00:40:59,800 - Soon as you concede even one point to the Negroes, 859 00:40:59,800 --> 00:41:01,700 you--you open the floodgates. 860 00:41:01,700 --> 00:41:03,633 They're like children, W.A. 861 00:41:03,633 --> 00:41:05,000 You got to be firm with 'em. 862 00:41:05,000 --> 00:41:07,734 - We're doing the right thing just waiting 'em out. 863 00:41:07,734 --> 00:41:11,700 - Well, boycott'll be over today. 864 00:41:11,700 --> 00:41:13,333 Negroes will never keep on walking. 865 00:41:13,333 --> 00:41:15,300 They do not have the stomach for it. 866 00:41:20,367 --> 00:41:22,567 - You can smell that rain. 867 00:41:22,567 --> 00:41:25,800 - Ain't a cloud in the sky. 868 00:41:25,800 --> 00:41:28,500 all: ♪ If it's gonna rain ♪ 869 00:41:28,500 --> 00:41:30,333 ♪ Let it rain ♪ 870 00:41:30,333 --> 00:41:32,433 [relaxed gospel music] 871 00:41:32,433 --> 00:41:35,533 Martin: Good evening. 872 00:41:35,533 --> 00:41:40,066 In the year 1619, the first Negro slaves 873 00:41:40,066 --> 00:41:44,834 landed in ships on the shores of this nation. 874 00:41:44,834 --> 00:41:48,633 Nearly 400 years later, the Negro in America 875 00:41:48,633 --> 00:41:50,400 still is not free. 876 00:41:50,400 --> 00:41:52,533 woman: Yeah, that's right. 877 00:41:52,533 --> 00:41:54,066 Robinson: No, Miss Stone and her daughters 878 00:41:54,066 --> 00:41:55,967 have been waiting for 45 minutes. 879 00:41:55,967 --> 00:41:57,967 You need to send a car over there 880 00:41:57,967 --> 00:41:59,433 to Jackson Street right now. 881 00:41:59,433 --> 00:42:02,000 - I can't guarantee your car won't get a little bit muddy. 882 00:42:02,000 --> 00:42:03,967 [unintelligible] 883 00:42:03,967 --> 00:42:06,967 - All right. - Well, it is raining. 884 00:42:06,967 --> 00:42:09,900 Well, we will clean your car for you. 885 00:42:09,900 --> 00:42:11,967 But we need it right now. 886 00:42:11,967 --> 00:42:14,266 Martin: Yet the substance of America 887 00:42:14,266 --> 00:42:17,000 is expressed in the sublime words, 888 00:42:17,000 --> 00:42:21,867 "We hold these truths to be self-evident, that all men..." 889 00:42:21,867 --> 00:42:26,467 - Everybody. We need everyone we can get. 890 00:42:26,467 --> 00:42:29,600 So we can count on you, then? 891 00:42:29,600 --> 00:42:31,500 Thank you. Thank you so much. 892 00:42:35,734 --> 00:42:38,300 - Hey, baby. 893 00:42:38,300 --> 00:42:41,333 [phone ringing] 894 00:42:49,567 --> 00:42:51,900 Yes? 895 00:42:51,900 --> 00:42:54,233 No, the boycott's not suspended. 896 00:42:54,233 --> 00:42:55,600 Just a little rain. 897 00:42:55,600 --> 00:42:58,000 - A little rain? It's a typhoon. 898 00:42:58,000 --> 00:43:01,500 - Yeah. All right. 899 00:43:01,500 --> 00:43:03,767 Where you going? 900 00:43:03,767 --> 00:43:06,300 - Well, we need drivers. 901 00:43:06,300 --> 00:43:09,433 [thunder rumbling faintly] 902 00:43:09,433 --> 00:43:12,433 [light instrumental music] 903 00:43:12,433 --> 00:43:20,500 ♪ ♪ 904 00:43:32,934 --> 00:43:35,900 [engine revving] 905 00:43:35,900 --> 00:43:40,633 ♪ ♪ 906 00:43:40,633 --> 00:43:43,600 [man scatting] 907 00:43:43,600 --> 00:43:45,500 ♪ ♪ 908 00:43:45,500 --> 00:43:47,367 man: ♪ Yo, come on ♪ men: ♪ Ah ♪ 909 00:43:47,367 --> 00:43:49,266 man: ♪ Yo, come on ♪ men: ♪ Ah ♪ 910 00:43:49,266 --> 00:43:50,433 [phone ringing] 911 00:43:50,433 --> 00:43:51,967 - It held, 912 00:43:51,967 --> 00:43:53,200 in spite of the rain. 913 00:43:53,200 --> 00:43:55,233 - Jesus. 914 00:43:55,233 --> 00:43:58,433 Lewis: Numbers about the same as yesterday. 915 00:43:58,433 --> 00:44:01,867 Nobody's riding the buses. 916 00:44:01,867 --> 00:44:04,333 The boycott held. 917 00:44:04,333 --> 00:44:07,133 [phone ringing] 918 00:44:07,133 --> 00:44:08,233 [crickets chirping] 919 00:44:08,233 --> 00:44:10,767 - Hello? 920 00:44:10,767 --> 00:44:13,200 Martin? 921 00:44:13,200 --> 00:44:14,700 Hello? 922 00:44:18,367 --> 00:44:20,100 Who is this? 923 00:44:20,100 --> 00:44:23,100 [tense music] 924 00:44:23,100 --> 00:44:31,200 ♪ ♪ 925 00:44:33,900 --> 00:44:36,967 [panting] 926 00:44:41,800 --> 00:44:44,100 man: It is time for the white community 927 00:44:44,100 --> 00:44:48,433 to stop providing taxi service to their Negro maids and cooks. 928 00:44:48,433 --> 00:44:51,233 They're only prolonging the boycott. 929 00:44:51,233 --> 00:44:53,100 - The only reason they're helping is so they don't 930 00:44:53,100 --> 00:44:54,600 have to do they own laundry. 931 00:44:54,600 --> 00:44:56,567 - If you really want to hit 'em where they live, 932 00:44:56,567 --> 00:44:59,066 make the cooks and the maids go on strike. 933 00:44:59,066 --> 00:45:00,767 - Martin, phone call. 934 00:45:00,767 --> 00:45:02,333 man: Think that they can force the white people 935 00:45:02,333 --> 00:45:05,066 in this community to submit to their... 936 00:45:05,066 --> 00:45:06,600 - Thank you, Rufus. - Mm-hmm. 937 00:45:06,600 --> 00:45:08,200 - Hello? 938 00:45:08,200 --> 00:45:10,633 Hello, hello, Mr. Rowan. 939 00:45:10,633 --> 00:45:12,433 Oh, of course. I admire your work. 940 00:45:12,433 --> 00:45:14,867 - They think that it's funny that whites 941 00:45:14,867 --> 00:45:17,900 who oppose the boycott will act as chauffeurs 942 00:45:17,900 --> 00:45:19,500 to the very Negroes that are boycotting. 943 00:45:19,500 --> 00:45:22,033 Martin: Uh-huh. 944 00:45:22,033 --> 00:45:24,567 Well, uh, no, that's, uh-- 945 00:45:24,567 --> 00:45:26,900 that's a false rumor. 946 00:45:26,900 --> 00:45:28,000 No, I'm quite sure. 947 00:45:28,000 --> 00:45:29,400 That's definitely a lie. 948 00:45:29,400 --> 00:45:33,767 No member of the MIA met with the city. 949 00:45:33,767 --> 00:45:35,600 Thank you. 950 00:45:35,600 --> 00:45:37,133 That was Carl Rowan. 951 00:45:37,133 --> 00:45:39,834 Lead story in tomorrow's paper says the boycott's over. 952 00:45:39,834 --> 00:45:41,000 - Wait, wait, who said that? 953 00:45:41,000 --> 00:45:42,233 man: No, no, no! 954 00:45:42,233 --> 00:45:45,567 - Well, according to the story, uh, some ministers 955 00:45:45,567 --> 00:45:47,767 from the Montgomery Improvement Association 956 00:45:47,767 --> 00:45:49,800 came to terms with the city council. 957 00:45:49,800 --> 00:45:50,867 - People read something like that, 958 00:45:50,867 --> 00:45:51,834 it could break the boycott. 959 00:45:51,834 --> 00:45:53,600 - Well, they can't just say it's over. 960 00:45:53,600 --> 00:45:55,367 - Well, they called it a negotiated settlement. 961 00:45:55,367 --> 00:45:56,500 - Negotiated by who? 962 00:45:56,500 --> 00:45:57,934 We got us a Judas in our midst. 963 00:45:57,934 --> 00:46:01,734 [all talking at once] 964 00:46:01,734 --> 00:46:04,600 - We got 30-some-odd hours to get the word out 965 00:46:04,600 --> 00:46:06,500 before the first bus Monday morning. 966 00:46:06,500 --> 00:46:10,300 - Everybody don't go to church on Sunday. 967 00:46:10,300 --> 00:46:11,500 [bluesy music] 968 00:46:11,500 --> 00:46:13,333 All right, watch yourself. 969 00:46:13,333 --> 00:46:16,233 - Now, how do you know about these places? 970 00:46:16,233 --> 00:46:19,433 - You hear things, word gets out, you know? 971 00:46:19,433 --> 00:46:21,166 - Hey, Rev, where you at, man? 972 00:46:21,166 --> 00:46:22,633 - Hey, Bubba. 973 00:46:22,633 --> 00:46:30,700 ♪ ♪ 974 00:46:32,300 --> 00:46:35,300 [laughter, unintelligible chatter] 975 00:46:35,300 --> 00:46:43,400 ♪ ♪ 976 00:46:47,667 --> 00:46:49,200 woman: ♪ Oh, oh, ooh ♪ 977 00:46:49,200 --> 00:46:53,500 ♪ You're gonna cry and cry ♪ 978 00:46:53,500 --> 00:46:54,767 [cheers and applause] ♪ Yeah, yeah ♪ 979 00:46:54,767 --> 00:46:58,633 - Everybody, please remember to stay off the buses, okay? 980 00:46:58,633 --> 00:47:01,033 - Hey, Rev, 981 00:47:01,033 --> 00:47:04,266 you want to shoot some stick? 982 00:47:09,900 --> 00:47:11,233 - [chuckles] 983 00:47:14,700 --> 00:47:18,133 - So I'll see you in church tomorrow, right, boy? 984 00:47:18,133 --> 00:47:20,066 - Damn, you some shooter, Rev. 985 00:47:20,066 --> 00:47:21,867 - Y'all gonna play again? 986 00:47:21,867 --> 00:47:23,333 - Nah, that's all right. 987 00:47:23,333 --> 00:47:25,467 I think my best pool shooting days' behind me, 988 00:47:25,467 --> 00:47:27,100 but I appreciate you taking it easy on me. 989 00:47:27,100 --> 00:47:28,834 - Wasn't going easy on you. 990 00:47:28,834 --> 00:47:30,667 Guess maybe you had some divine help. 991 00:47:30,667 --> 00:47:32,934 - Maybe so. 992 00:47:32,934 --> 00:47:35,900 [bluesy music] 993 00:47:35,900 --> 00:47:39,467 ♪ ♪ 994 00:47:39,467 --> 00:47:41,667 I think by the time some of these folks leave 995 00:47:41,667 --> 00:47:44,266 out of here tonight, the boycott may be over. 996 00:47:44,266 --> 00:47:46,333 - ♪ On a blind man ♪ 997 00:47:46,333 --> 00:47:48,333 ♪ ♪ 998 00:47:48,333 --> 00:47:52,834 - ♪ And Lord have mercy on me ♪ 999 00:47:52,834 --> 00:47:54,800 ♪ Oh ♪ 1000 00:47:54,800 --> 00:47:59,533 woman: ♪ Lord, have mercy on a blind man ♪ 1001 00:47:59,533 --> 00:48:00,767 ♪ ♪ 1002 00:48:00,767 --> 00:48:03,333 man: ♪ Jesus, you're the only one 1003 00:48:03,333 --> 00:48:05,233 ♪ That can make me ♪ 1004 00:48:05,233 --> 00:48:07,100 ♪ See ♪ 1005 00:48:07,100 --> 00:48:12,900 ♪ ♪ 1006 00:48:12,900 --> 00:48:15,934 [music fading] 1007 00:48:50,467 --> 00:48:53,100 - It's time for church. 1008 00:48:53,100 --> 00:48:57,000 - That King fella, he's a--he's a troublemaker, 1009 00:48:57,000 --> 00:48:58,900 if you want my opinion. 1010 00:48:58,900 --> 00:49:00,300 - Don't believe what you read 1011 00:49:00,300 --> 00:49:03,266 and only half of what you hear. 1012 00:49:03,266 --> 00:49:04,734 - Who you think it was? 1013 00:49:04,734 --> 00:49:06,600 - Well, I'm afraid somebody from our board 1014 00:49:06,600 --> 00:49:08,533 is talking to the city behind our back. 1015 00:49:08,533 --> 00:49:10,367 - You're kidding me. 1016 00:49:10,367 --> 00:49:11,667 We got our Judas. 1017 00:49:11,667 --> 00:49:13,133 - We didn't know. 1018 00:49:13,133 --> 00:49:14,834 We were summoned by the mayor. 1019 00:49:14,834 --> 00:49:16,600 They said it was an insurance matter. 1020 00:49:16,600 --> 00:49:19,300 - Well, so then you never volunteered a settlement 1021 00:49:19,300 --> 00:49:20,967 on behalf of the MIA? 1022 00:49:20,967 --> 00:49:22,567 - No, sir. 1023 00:49:22,567 --> 00:49:25,567 They made like it was something that already been settled, 1024 00:49:25,567 --> 00:49:27,433 asked us to sign it. 1025 00:49:27,433 --> 00:49:29,567 - Well, Reverend, it's vital you make 1026 00:49:29,567 --> 00:49:31,000 the truth public. 1027 00:49:31,000 --> 00:49:34,100 - I think it would be to your best interest to do so. 1028 00:49:34,100 --> 00:49:35,633 - Yes, sir. 1029 00:49:35,633 --> 00:49:38,400 I could see how that would be. 1030 00:49:38,400 --> 00:49:39,967 - Well, all right. Good evening, now. 1031 00:49:39,967 --> 00:49:41,467 - Good evening. 1032 00:49:41,467 --> 00:49:42,667 - You take care. God bless. 1033 00:49:42,667 --> 00:49:44,066 - Yes, sir. 1034 00:49:45,300 --> 00:49:48,133 - Now, if we expose this story, we're calling 1035 00:49:48,133 --> 00:49:50,166 the most powerful men in Montgomery liars. 1036 00:49:50,166 --> 00:49:51,967 - If the shoe fits, wear it. 1037 00:49:51,967 --> 00:49:54,066 - But you know these white folks won't see it that way. 1038 00:49:54,066 --> 00:49:56,100 Bad enough they cut a deal with a bunch of Negroes, 1039 00:49:56,100 --> 00:49:57,800 then the whole thing falls through anyway. 1040 00:49:57,800 --> 00:49:59,233 - That's not our problem. 1041 00:49:59,233 --> 00:50:00,633 - No, it is our problem. 1042 00:50:00,633 --> 00:50:02,066 Makes them look weak. 1043 00:50:02,066 --> 00:50:04,934 In order to look strong now, they got to strike back. 1044 00:50:08,266 --> 00:50:11,266 [slow piano music] 1045 00:50:11,266 --> 00:50:19,333 ♪ ♪ 1046 00:50:22,967 --> 00:50:26,767 - Negroes can get where they're going from the back of the bus. 1047 00:50:26,767 --> 00:50:28,266 ♪ ♪ 1048 00:50:28,266 --> 00:50:31,967 - Sam here sits up front with me all the time. 1049 00:50:31,967 --> 00:50:33,300 Am I lying, Sam? 1050 00:50:36,100 --> 00:50:37,333 - The White Citizens' Council 1051 00:50:37,333 --> 00:50:39,700 just got three brand-new members. 1052 00:50:39,700 --> 00:50:43,033 Imagine that. 1053 00:50:43,033 --> 00:50:44,700 - Imagine that. 1054 00:50:47,734 --> 00:50:50,467 - We believed we had an agreement, 1055 00:50:50,467 --> 00:50:53,266 but the Negro leaders have betrayed us. 1056 00:50:53,266 --> 00:50:55,166 man: The Negro radicals think that they can force 1057 00:50:55,166 --> 00:50:56,800 the white people in this community 1058 00:50:56,800 --> 00:50:57,934 to submit to their demands. 1059 00:50:57,934 --> 00:51:00,433 - E.D., ain't no preachers in here. 1060 00:51:00,433 --> 00:51:02,934 man: They don't really care about a better bus service 1061 00:51:02,934 --> 00:51:04,300 for their people. 1062 00:51:04,300 --> 00:51:06,233 What they are after is the destruction 1063 00:51:06,233 --> 00:51:08,800 of our social fabric, our way of life. 1064 00:51:08,800 --> 00:51:09,934 - And we will. 1065 00:51:09,934 --> 00:51:11,767 - We'll show them crackers. 1066 00:51:11,767 --> 00:51:14,667 [man speaking unintelligibly] 1067 00:51:14,667 --> 00:51:17,967 - You are not gonna believe this. 1068 00:51:17,967 --> 00:51:19,400 Ten traffic tickets, 1069 00:51:19,400 --> 00:51:20,734 seven of them for speeding. 1070 00:51:20,734 --> 00:51:22,767 man: Let 'em walk till the end of time. 1071 00:51:22,767 --> 00:51:26,133 - Miss Robinson likes to get where she going. 1072 00:51:26,133 --> 00:51:29,400 - These three here are for going too slow, 1073 00:51:29,400 --> 00:51:31,533 and that's just in the last two days. 1074 00:51:31,533 --> 00:51:34,834 They are ticketing everybody who's riding the boycotts. 1075 00:51:34,834 --> 00:51:37,166 And believe me, they're not cheap. 1076 00:51:37,166 --> 00:51:39,000 - Mm-mm. [phone ringing] 1077 00:51:39,000 --> 00:51:40,433 man: And let them know in Washington, D.C., 1078 00:51:40,433 --> 00:51:42,567 that we got something going on down here. 1079 00:51:42,567 --> 00:51:46,000 man: Now, this can only end badly for all of us. 1080 00:51:46,000 --> 00:51:48,834 This goes to the heart of our... 1081 00:51:48,834 --> 00:51:50,266 - MIA? 1082 00:51:50,266 --> 00:51:51,867 Yes. [phone ringing] 1083 00:51:51,867 --> 00:51:53,533 Oh, yes, you can sign up for a ride. 1084 00:51:53,533 --> 00:51:55,233 man: Women, our children... [ringing continues] 1085 00:51:55,233 --> 00:51:58,633 - Well, just leave us your name, and I'll let you know about it. 1086 00:51:58,633 --> 00:52:02,166 Just--will somebody please pick up the other phone? 1087 00:52:02,166 --> 00:52:03,633 - Hello? 1088 00:52:03,633 --> 00:52:05,633 - We're asking you to pay the fine yourself. 1089 00:52:05,633 --> 00:52:07,033 - Not at this time. 1090 00:52:07,033 --> 00:52:08,533 We can't. 1091 00:52:08,533 --> 00:52:11,567 Well, we're figuring out a system to reimburse people. 1092 00:52:11,567 --> 00:52:13,600 - These tickets are gonna send their insurance premiums 1093 00:52:13,600 --> 00:52:14,834 through the roof 1094 00:52:14,834 --> 00:52:16,734 as a provision in the law that allows a state 1095 00:52:16,734 --> 00:52:19,667 to take action against drivers who are deemed to be hazardous. 1096 00:52:19,667 --> 00:52:21,900 And too many traffic tickets and, uh... 1097 00:52:21,900 --> 00:52:23,100 - They gonna confiscate cars. 1098 00:52:23,100 --> 00:52:25,033 - They could confiscate their cars. 1099 00:52:25,033 --> 00:52:28,000 [upbeat music] 1100 00:52:28,000 --> 00:52:33,867 ♪ ♪ 1101 00:52:33,867 --> 00:52:38,233 - Tell all my friends that Reverend Martin Luther King Jr. 1102 00:52:38,233 --> 00:52:40,700 was my own personal driver. 1103 00:52:40,700 --> 00:52:43,433 [laughter] 1104 00:52:43,433 --> 00:52:45,600 - You tell 'em, sister. woman: Mm-hmm. 1105 00:52:45,600 --> 00:52:48,900 [laughter] 1106 00:52:48,900 --> 00:52:50,100 - Be careful now. 1107 00:52:50,100 --> 00:52:51,967 - Oh, I see 'em. 1108 00:52:51,967 --> 00:52:54,800 [percussive music] 1109 00:52:54,800 --> 00:52:55,900 [siren wails] 1110 00:52:55,900 --> 00:52:57,400 - Oh, shit. 1111 00:52:57,400 --> 00:52:59,967 [gasps softly] Uh, pardon me, Reverend. 1112 00:52:59,967 --> 00:53:01,400 - That's quite all right, sister. 1113 00:53:01,400 --> 00:53:03,333 I share your sentiment. 1114 00:53:12,934 --> 00:53:14,700 Can I help you, Officer? 1115 00:53:14,700 --> 00:53:17,333 - Step out of the car. Just him. 1116 00:53:25,133 --> 00:53:26,700 Martin King. 1117 00:53:26,700 --> 00:53:28,066 - I've done something wrong? 1118 00:53:28,066 --> 00:53:29,567 - You were doin' 30 miles an hour 1119 00:53:29,567 --> 00:53:30,967 in a 25 mile speed zone. 1120 00:53:30,967 --> 00:53:32,066 - Then write me a ticket. 1121 00:53:32,066 --> 00:53:33,867 - Shut up. Get up against the car. 1122 00:53:33,867 --> 00:53:35,066 - He didn't do anything! 1123 00:53:35,066 --> 00:53:36,800 - What are you doing? - I'm arresting you. 1124 00:53:36,800 --> 00:53:38,500 You get back in the car! 1125 00:53:38,500 --> 00:53:39,700 Give me your hands. 1126 00:53:39,700 --> 00:53:41,467 - Oh, I hope he don't hurt him. 1127 00:53:41,467 --> 00:53:42,900 - Look, take me with you. 1128 00:53:42,900 --> 00:53:44,433 He didn't do anything! 1129 00:53:44,433 --> 00:53:45,633 - You back away! 1130 00:53:45,633 --> 00:53:47,834 Step away from my car! 1131 00:53:47,834 --> 00:53:49,133 - Find Coretta. 1132 00:53:49,133 --> 00:53:51,000 Find my wife and let her know what happened. 1133 00:53:51,000 --> 00:53:52,433 both: Yes, Reverend. 1134 00:53:52,433 --> 00:53:55,200 [dramatic music] 1135 00:53:55,200 --> 00:53:56,367 [camera shutter clicks] 1136 00:53:56,367 --> 00:54:04,467 ♪ ♪ 1137 00:54:15,600 --> 00:54:17,133 Martin: You see, within the belly 1138 00:54:17,133 --> 00:54:19,800 of that first slave ship, you didn't have to worry 1139 00:54:19,800 --> 00:54:23,967 about whether or not you were sitting in the proper section. 1140 00:54:23,967 --> 00:54:25,900 You didn't have to worry about getting up 1141 00:54:25,900 --> 00:54:29,100 to give your seat to a white person. 1142 00:54:29,100 --> 00:54:31,567 You were loaded into the belly of that ship 1143 00:54:31,567 --> 00:54:36,033 on a first come, first to serve basis. 1144 00:54:36,033 --> 00:54:41,266 And then a Negro who dared to reject the circumstances 1145 00:54:41,266 --> 00:54:43,667 under which he suffered, well, 1146 00:54:43,667 --> 00:54:46,200 that Negro was a problem. 1147 00:54:46,200 --> 00:54:49,100 [pensive music] 1148 00:54:49,100 --> 00:54:50,734 - They took him out of his car, 1149 00:54:50,734 --> 00:54:52,600 and he didn't do nothing wrong! 1150 00:55:03,667 --> 00:55:06,300 Martin: This your first time, hmm? 1151 00:55:06,300 --> 00:55:09,233 Never been here before? 1152 00:55:09,233 --> 00:55:11,834 Well, no, never before. 1153 00:55:11,834 --> 00:55:13,834 You see that hook there? 1154 00:55:13,834 --> 00:55:14,934 Where? 1155 00:55:14,934 --> 00:55:16,967 Mm. 1156 00:55:16,967 --> 00:55:19,900 You know what that's for. 1157 00:55:19,900 --> 00:55:21,867 Mm. 1158 00:55:21,867 --> 00:55:24,467 40 days, 40 days. 1159 00:55:24,467 --> 00:55:26,500 [whispers] 40 days, 40 days. 1160 00:55:26,500 --> 00:55:30,967 And he went up, and he looked over. 1161 00:55:30,967 --> 00:55:34,700 But, see, you have not yielded to the possibility 1162 00:55:34,700 --> 00:55:37,266 of the inevitable. 1163 00:55:37,266 --> 00:55:39,367 That's not for you. 1164 00:55:39,367 --> 00:55:41,266 That's not for you yet. 1165 00:55:46,700 --> 00:55:48,934 - This is a property bond. 1166 00:55:48,934 --> 00:55:50,967 - Only way to make bail's with cash. 1167 00:55:50,967 --> 00:55:53,066 - This is an accepted form of bail payment 1168 00:55:53,066 --> 00:55:57,033 throughout the entire state of Alabama, sir. 1169 00:55:57,033 --> 00:55:58,200 - Not this time of night. 1170 00:55:58,200 --> 00:55:59,600 - Well, this is an acceptable way-- 1171 00:55:59,600 --> 00:56:02,033 - Take a look at this. 1172 00:56:02,033 --> 00:56:03,867 men: ♪ The blood won't atone ♪ 1173 00:56:03,867 --> 00:56:07,266 ♪ If we don't bring these issues to the light ♪ 1174 00:56:07,266 --> 00:56:09,433 ♪ Feel like going on ♪ 1175 00:56:09,433 --> 00:56:12,166 ♪ Trials in your life come to make you strong ♪ 1176 00:56:12,166 --> 00:56:14,266 ♪ So hold your head up, stick your chest out ♪ 1177 00:56:14,266 --> 00:56:15,800 ♪ Ain't no doubt about this here ♪ 1178 00:56:15,800 --> 00:56:17,367 ♪ God's gonna bring you out ♪ 1179 00:56:17,367 --> 00:56:20,266 ♪ In the morning, he gon' wipe all those tears away ♪ 1180 00:56:20,266 --> 00:56:22,734 ♪ Make it through the night, there's a brighter day ♪ 1181 00:56:22,734 --> 00:56:25,567 ♪ Got to know that you never gon' be left alone ♪ 1182 00:56:25,567 --> 00:56:28,433 ♪ God's gon' deal with these issues if you hold on ♪ 1183 00:56:28,433 --> 00:56:36,500 ♪ ♪ 1184 00:56:44,100 --> 00:56:46,500 - Reverend Martin, this is Harry Phillips. 1185 00:56:46,500 --> 00:56:48,100 - Evening, Brother Phillips. 1186 00:56:48,100 --> 00:56:49,800 - Evening, Reverend King. 1187 00:56:49,800 --> 00:56:52,367 - He's gonna be your driver. 1188 00:56:52,367 --> 00:56:54,433 - What do I need with a chauffeur? 1189 00:56:54,433 --> 00:56:56,700 - Look, we can't have you driving anymore. 1190 00:56:56,700 --> 00:57:01,000 It just ain't worth the risk. 1191 00:57:01,000 --> 00:57:02,767 - Well, let's go on home. 1192 00:57:12,967 --> 00:57:15,967 [pensive blues music] 1193 00:57:15,967 --> 00:57:19,800 ♪ ♪ 1194 00:57:19,800 --> 00:57:24,200 Coretta: ♪ Happy birthday to you ♪ 1195 00:57:24,200 --> 00:57:29,266 ♪ Happy birthday, dear Daddy ♪ 1196 00:57:29,266 --> 00:57:33,934 ♪ Happy birthday to you ♪ 1197 00:57:33,934 --> 00:57:42,000 ♪ ♪ 1198 00:57:48,367 --> 00:57:51,433 [phone ringing] 1199 00:58:02,133 --> 00:58:04,533 - Yes? 1200 00:58:16,400 --> 00:58:19,367 [somber music] 1201 00:58:19,367 --> 00:58:27,467 ♪ ♪ 1202 00:58:30,233 --> 00:58:33,266 [phone ringing] 1203 00:58:44,367 --> 00:58:46,100 Yes? 1204 00:58:48,834 --> 00:58:51,734 Do not threaten my family. 1205 00:59:11,700 --> 00:59:13,900 [bottle thuds] 1206 00:59:17,500 --> 00:59:25,567 ♪ ♪ 1207 00:59:34,600 --> 00:59:37,400 [sniffles] 1208 00:59:43,800 --> 00:59:46,900 Lord... 1209 00:59:46,900 --> 00:59:51,333 I'm here taking a stand for what I believe is right. 1210 00:59:53,300 --> 00:59:57,500 But now I'm afraid. 1211 00:59:57,500 --> 01:00:00,333 People are looking at me 1212 01:00:00,333 --> 01:00:04,600 for leadership. 1213 01:00:04,600 --> 01:00:08,667 But I'm at the end of my power. 1214 01:00:08,667 --> 01:00:10,700 If we are wrong... 1215 01:00:10,700 --> 01:00:13,834 I don't think I can do it anymore. 1216 01:00:13,834 --> 01:00:17,133 If we are wrong, Jesus of Nazareth... 1217 01:00:17,133 --> 01:00:18,900 Help me, Lord. 1218 01:00:18,900 --> 01:00:21,567 Was merely a utopian dreamer and never came down to Earth. 1219 01:00:21,567 --> 01:00:22,867 Help. 1220 01:00:22,867 --> 01:00:25,200 If we are wrong, justice is a lie. 1221 01:00:25,200 --> 01:00:28,266 And we are determined to work here in Montgomery, 1222 01:00:28,266 --> 01:00:31,400 to work and to fight until justice rolls down 1223 01:00:31,400 --> 01:00:35,100 like waters and righteousness like a mighty stream, 1224 01:00:35,100 --> 01:00:37,400 and when the history books are written, 1225 01:00:37,400 --> 01:00:41,433 somebody will have to say, "There lived a race of people, 1226 01:00:41,433 --> 01:00:45,433 "a black people, fleecy locks and black complexion, 1227 01:00:45,433 --> 01:00:48,633 "who had the moral courage to stand up for their rights, 1228 01:00:48,633 --> 01:00:50,734 "and thereby they injected a new meaning 1229 01:00:50,734 --> 01:00:53,567 into the veins of history and civilization." 1230 01:00:53,567 --> 01:00:56,767 And we are going to do that here in Montgomery. 1231 01:00:56,767 --> 01:01:00,667 God grant that we will do it before it's too late. 1232 01:01:00,667 --> 01:01:03,734 [woman vocalizing] 1233 01:01:05,233 --> 01:01:08,100 - I have today instructed the police department 1234 01:01:08,100 --> 01:01:10,633 to break up congregations of Negroes 1235 01:01:10,633 --> 01:01:13,233 that are loitering in white residential districts. 1236 01:01:13,233 --> 01:01:14,767 man: The Bible's very clear about 1237 01:01:14,767 --> 01:01:16,433 the separation of the races. 1238 01:01:16,433 --> 01:01:18,100 man: Animals in the woods don't mix. 1239 01:01:18,100 --> 01:01:19,633 The fish in the rivers don't mix. 1240 01:01:19,633 --> 01:01:21,233 man: I don't care what the Bible says 1241 01:01:21,233 --> 01:01:22,867 or what the Bible doesn't say. 1242 01:01:22,867 --> 01:01:25,667 man: This will only lead to a mongrelization of the races. 1243 01:01:25,667 --> 01:01:27,967 man: Furthermore, many, uh, local businessmen 1244 01:01:27,967 --> 01:01:30,734 have promised me they're gonna lay off Negro workers 1245 01:01:30,734 --> 01:01:33,967 who are being used by outside agitators 1246 01:01:33,967 --> 01:01:38,333 from the NAACP as instruments in this boycott. 1247 01:01:38,333 --> 01:01:41,266 - Ain't no good gonna come out of this. 1248 01:01:41,266 --> 01:01:44,233 People getting all riled up. 1249 01:01:50,166 --> 01:01:51,800 - Well, I'm sorry it happened. 1250 01:01:51,800 --> 01:01:54,567 But we still urgently need your car. 1251 01:01:54,567 --> 01:01:57,800 No, you're not expected to pay for it. 1252 01:01:57,800 --> 01:02:00,066 We have a fund that covers it. 1253 01:02:00,066 --> 01:02:02,600 Just send your repair bill to our treasurer, 1254 01:02:02,600 --> 01:02:03,700 Mr. E.D. Nixon. 1255 01:02:03,700 --> 01:02:05,600 - Repair bill? Fine. 1256 01:02:05,600 --> 01:02:08,166 How much money you got in your pocketbook, Miss Robinson? 1257 01:02:08,166 --> 01:02:11,834 [laughter] 1258 01:02:11,834 --> 01:02:13,433 - Reverend. - Hmm? 1259 01:02:13,433 --> 01:02:17,467 - How long has that police car been sitting out there? 1260 01:02:17,467 --> 01:02:20,066 - I don't know. Long enough, I suppose. 1261 01:02:22,767 --> 01:02:24,333 Tell me something. 1262 01:02:24,333 --> 01:02:26,567 Is your landlord a white man? 1263 01:02:30,066 --> 01:02:30,934 - Listen, everybody. 1264 01:02:30,934 --> 01:02:32,967 We moving out of here right now. 1265 01:02:32,967 --> 01:02:33,900 - What? 1266 01:02:33,900 --> 01:02:35,967 - Grab everything that you can carry. 1267 01:02:35,967 --> 01:02:36,900 Get everything out of here. 1268 01:02:36,900 --> 01:02:38,800 - What's going on, Reverend Abernathy? 1269 01:02:38,800 --> 01:02:40,667 - The police are out there, and if they evict us, 1270 01:02:40,667 --> 01:02:42,400 they get to keep everything in here. 1271 01:02:42,400 --> 01:02:45,400 [tense music] 1272 01:02:45,400 --> 01:02:48,834 ♪ ♪ 1273 01:02:48,834 --> 01:02:50,100 - They've got no reason. 1274 01:02:50,100 --> 01:02:51,266 - They will find a reason. 1275 01:02:51,266 --> 01:02:53,066 They always find reasons. 1276 01:02:53,066 --> 01:02:56,800 ♪ ♪ 1277 01:02:56,800 --> 01:02:58,300 man: Where we moving to? 1278 01:02:58,300 --> 01:03:00,433 Abernathy: Anywhere, as long as it's owned by a Negro. 1279 01:03:00,433 --> 01:03:02,900 ♪ ♪ 1280 01:03:02,900 --> 01:03:04,333 - Go, go, go, go! 1281 01:03:04,333 --> 01:03:12,400 ♪ ♪ 1282 01:03:18,333 --> 01:03:20,033 - Let's go, come on. Hurry, hurry, hurry. 1283 01:03:20,033 --> 01:03:24,500 ♪ ♪ 1284 01:03:24,500 --> 01:03:26,066 - Good day, officers. 1285 01:03:27,500 --> 01:03:29,967 - It's supporting an illegal boycott. 1286 01:03:29,967 --> 01:03:31,934 - What do you expect me to do? 1287 01:03:31,934 --> 01:03:33,333 She has a limp, poor thing. 1288 01:03:33,333 --> 01:03:35,734 She's lame. She can't walk to work. 1289 01:03:35,734 --> 01:03:38,567 - Well, what she does is her problem. 1290 01:03:38,567 --> 01:03:41,367 Now, every time I see you driving her, 1291 01:03:41,367 --> 01:03:43,934 I'm gonna give you a ticket. 1292 01:03:43,934 --> 01:03:46,867 - My white lady always be asking me about the boycott, 1293 01:03:46,867 --> 01:03:48,700 but I don't tell her nothing. 1294 01:03:48,700 --> 01:03:50,233 Better she don't know. 1295 01:03:50,233 --> 01:03:51,567 But I will tell you this-- 1296 01:03:51,567 --> 01:03:54,000 - Joanna, we have things to do. 1297 01:03:54,000 --> 01:03:55,500 - Yes. 1298 01:03:58,066 --> 01:04:00,433 - The city isn't offering anything more 1299 01:04:00,433 --> 01:04:05,266 than the same old segregation with increased bus fares. 1300 01:04:05,266 --> 01:04:06,734 Now, we've walked for months, 1301 01:04:06,734 --> 01:04:09,400 and I say we keep on walking until our city fathers 1302 01:04:09,400 --> 01:04:11,567 give us what we're asking for. 1303 01:04:11,567 --> 01:04:14,633 [dog barking] 1304 01:04:16,133 --> 01:04:19,000 - The latest proposal by the city now is just ludicrous. 1305 01:04:19,000 --> 01:04:21,266 - I agree with E.D. I agree with E.D. 1306 01:04:21,266 --> 01:04:24,667 [all talking at once] 1307 01:04:24,667 --> 01:04:26,934 - Ladies and gentlemen, now, we've been at this 1308 01:04:26,934 --> 01:04:28,800 for 56 days now. 1309 01:04:28,800 --> 01:04:31,100 And I think the boycott has succeeded 1310 01:04:31,100 --> 01:04:32,934 beyond our wildest-- - Succeeded? 1311 01:04:32,934 --> 01:04:35,633 [all talking at once] 1312 01:04:35,633 --> 01:04:38,233 - I do believe it is time for us to be reasonable. 1313 01:04:38,233 --> 01:04:40,100 - Reasonable for what? - What is reasonable? 1314 01:04:40,100 --> 01:04:43,433 - Now, let Reverend Banyon finish his point, please! 1315 01:04:43,433 --> 01:04:45,400 - Now, let me tell you what is reasonable. 1316 01:04:45,400 --> 01:04:47,934 If they give us two out of three of our demands, 1317 01:04:47,934 --> 01:04:49,033 I think we ought to take that. 1318 01:04:49,033 --> 01:04:51,266 - We'd be at the same place as we were before. 1319 01:04:51,266 --> 01:04:52,734 [all talking at once] 1320 01:04:52,734 --> 01:04:55,600 - Hold on, now. Hold on, now. 1321 01:04:55,600 --> 01:04:59,266 Look, it seems to me that were we tonight 1322 01:04:59,266 --> 01:05:01,233 to tell the people that it's time for them 1323 01:05:01,233 --> 01:05:04,567 to get back on the buses, we would be ostracized, 1324 01:05:04,567 --> 01:05:05,734 completely laughed at. 1325 01:05:05,734 --> 01:05:07,900 - Yes, yes. - Exactly right. 1326 01:05:07,900 --> 01:05:10,567 - Look, they have had the courage 1327 01:05:10,567 --> 01:05:12,166 to continue walking. 1328 01:05:12,166 --> 01:05:15,166 We should have the courage to hold the line. 1329 01:05:15,166 --> 01:05:16,500 - Hold the line. 1330 01:05:16,500 --> 01:05:20,133 - Continue, continue, continue, continue, continue. 1331 01:05:20,133 --> 01:05:22,467 - Here we are trying to lead a movement 1332 01:05:22,467 --> 01:05:25,834 we can't ever seem to catch up to. 1333 01:05:25,834 --> 01:05:29,633 Is there some way we can bypass the state courts? 1334 01:05:29,633 --> 01:05:31,233 - Mm... 1335 01:05:31,233 --> 01:05:34,333 Not in Rosa's case, but we could file 1336 01:05:34,333 --> 01:05:36,800 a separate suit at the federal level 1337 01:05:36,800 --> 01:05:39,867 and go after segregation on a constitutional ground. 1338 01:05:39,867 --> 01:05:41,200 - Hmm. 1339 01:05:41,200 --> 01:05:43,333 - We've been waiting for an opportunity like that. 1340 01:05:43,333 --> 01:05:45,200 The success of the boycott might just 1341 01:05:45,200 --> 01:05:47,266 give us the leverage we need to pull it off. 1342 01:05:47,266 --> 01:05:49,200 - If we go federal, we gonna bring down 1343 01:05:49,200 --> 01:05:51,600 a lot more heat on ourselves, a whole lot. 1344 01:05:51,600 --> 01:05:54,367 - Mm-hmm. You can't deny that. 1345 01:05:54,367 --> 01:05:59,333 If we're asking the federal court to overrule segregation, 1346 01:05:59,333 --> 01:06:01,100 we gonna need some additional plaintiffs 1347 01:06:01,100 --> 01:06:03,700 to strengthen our case, 1348 01:06:03,700 --> 01:06:06,133 and certain folks gonna have to put themselves at risk. 1349 01:06:06,133 --> 01:06:08,533 [child laughing] 1350 01:06:08,533 --> 01:06:12,467 - So Attorney Gray is drafting a lawsuit 1351 01:06:12,467 --> 01:06:14,467 demanding that the city segregation laws 1352 01:06:14,467 --> 01:06:15,900 be declared null and void. 1353 01:06:15,900 --> 01:06:18,800 - On the grounds that it violates the 14th Amendment. 1354 01:06:18,800 --> 01:06:21,166 - And which one was that, brother? 1355 01:06:21,166 --> 01:06:23,200 - The right to equal protection under the law. 1356 01:06:23,200 --> 01:06:25,166 Martin: The suit will be filed this afternoon. 1357 01:06:25,166 --> 01:06:27,800 - Are you saying we going to the Supreme Court or something? 1358 01:06:27,800 --> 01:06:29,934 Martin: No, no, no. - Reverend King-- 1359 01:06:29,934 --> 01:06:31,934 - Federal court? - No, it's a separate matter. 1360 01:06:31,934 --> 01:06:34,600 - Now, you gonna sabotage our negotiations with the city. 1361 01:06:34,600 --> 01:06:37,033 - The city already sabotaged the negotiations themselves 1362 01:06:37,033 --> 01:06:39,200 by not being willing to negotiate. 1363 01:06:39,200 --> 01:06:41,166 I mean, they didn't come to the table in good faith. 1364 01:06:41,166 --> 01:06:43,033 - Now, that's a declaration of war. 1365 01:06:43,033 --> 01:06:45,233 You gonna give them reason to kill us. 1366 01:06:45,233 --> 01:06:46,967 - Well, look, Reverend Banyon, from the beginning, 1367 01:06:46,967 --> 01:06:49,367 the only thing we have asked for is a modified system 1368 01:06:49,367 --> 01:06:52,300 of segregation, and they already want to kill us. 1369 01:06:52,300 --> 01:06:54,533 So it seems to me they leave us with two choices. 1370 01:06:54,533 --> 01:06:57,100 Either we give in, or we just go in 1371 01:06:57,100 --> 01:06:58,533 over their heads and rid ourselves 1372 01:06:58,533 --> 01:07:00,667 of segregation altogether. 1373 01:07:00,667 --> 01:07:02,200 Fields: Reverend King, you walking out 1374 01:07:02,200 --> 01:07:04,033 on a very dangerous limb, 1375 01:07:04,033 --> 01:07:07,233 and you asking us to go with you. 1376 01:07:07,233 --> 01:07:10,633 - At this point, our only plaintiffs are women. 1377 01:07:10,633 --> 01:07:13,200 However, we would like to include some of our men 1378 01:07:13,200 --> 01:07:17,367 as part of the lawsuit, and at least one minister. 1379 01:07:17,367 --> 01:07:22,367 A minister has great symbolic value in the community. 1380 01:07:22,367 --> 01:07:23,967 Now, the Reverends King and Abernathy 1381 01:07:23,967 --> 01:07:26,200 wouldn't be good choices because they are too much 1382 01:07:26,200 --> 01:07:27,834 in the limelight. 1383 01:07:27,834 --> 01:07:30,133 - My--my grievances are not personal. 1384 01:07:30,133 --> 01:07:32,000 - That's right. 1385 01:07:32,000 --> 01:07:35,000 They're on behalf of my parishioners. 1386 01:07:35,000 --> 01:07:38,367 man: I agree with that. I agree with that. 1387 01:07:38,367 --> 01:07:40,266 - Will not one of you volunteer? 1388 01:07:57,333 --> 01:07:58,967 Uh, we gonna have to make this work 1389 01:07:58,967 --> 01:08:00,967 with the plaintiffs we have. 1390 01:08:00,967 --> 01:08:03,300 If we keep the boycott running, the court's gonna have 1391 01:08:03,300 --> 01:08:05,066 a hard time avoiding us. 1392 01:08:05,066 --> 01:08:07,333 - Let's hope. 1393 01:08:07,333 --> 01:08:09,800 - The Negroes are trying to make this a federal case, 1394 01:08:09,800 --> 01:08:12,266 but we're not gonna let that happen. 1395 01:08:12,266 --> 01:08:14,734 We don't want Washington politicians 1396 01:08:14,734 --> 01:08:17,033 telling us how to run our business 1397 01:08:17,033 --> 01:08:19,467 and how to live our lives. 1398 01:08:19,467 --> 01:08:21,500 We have rights too. 1399 01:08:21,500 --> 01:08:23,633 This boycott is illegal. 1400 01:08:23,633 --> 01:08:27,333 Now, the Negroes can either accept our final offer 1401 01:08:27,333 --> 01:08:29,834 or suffer the consequences. 1402 01:08:29,834 --> 01:08:32,500 - You see, in the belly of those slave ships, 1403 01:08:32,500 --> 01:08:35,433 it didn't matter whether you sat 1404 01:08:35,433 --> 01:08:38,033 in the right section or not. 1405 01:08:38,033 --> 01:08:40,300 You see, you didn't have to worry about getting up 1406 01:08:40,300 --> 01:08:43,266 to give your seat to a white person. 1407 01:08:43,266 --> 01:08:46,033 You were loaded into the belly of that slave ship 1408 01:08:46,033 --> 01:08:48,667 on a first come, first to serve basis. 1409 01:08:48,667 --> 01:08:49,767 all: Yeah. [applause] 1410 01:08:49,767 --> 01:08:54,367 - And any Negro who dared question the circumstance 1411 01:08:54,367 --> 01:08:58,734 under which he suffered, well, now that Negro was a problem. 1412 01:08:58,734 --> 01:09:00,867 woman: ♪ You may be an ambassador ♪ 1413 01:09:00,867 --> 01:09:03,700 ♪ To England or France ♪ 1414 01:09:03,700 --> 01:09:06,033 ♪ You might like to gamble ♪ 1415 01:09:06,033 --> 01:09:08,500 ♪ You might like to dance ♪ 1416 01:09:08,500 --> 01:09:11,000 ♪ You may be the heavyweight ♪ 1417 01:09:11,000 --> 01:09:13,467 ♪ Champion of the world ♪ 1418 01:09:13,467 --> 01:09:15,767 ♪ You may be a socialite ♪ 1419 01:09:15,767 --> 01:09:18,033 ♪ With a long string of pearls ♪ 1420 01:09:18,033 --> 01:09:21,033 ♪ But you gonna serve somebody ♪ 1421 01:09:21,033 --> 01:09:22,834 chorus: ♪ Serve somebody ♪ 1422 01:09:22,834 --> 01:09:25,300 woman: ♪ I want you to know you gonna serve somebody ♪ 1423 01:09:25,300 --> 01:09:28,400 - There comes a time when time itself 1424 01:09:28,400 --> 01:09:29,900 is ready for a change. 1425 01:09:29,900 --> 01:09:31,333 all: Yes. 1426 01:09:31,333 --> 01:09:33,233 - And that time has come in Montgomery. 1427 01:09:33,233 --> 01:09:35,066 women: ♪ But you gotta serve somebody ♪ 1428 01:09:35,066 --> 01:09:36,834 Our opponents-- and I hate to think 1429 01:09:36,834 --> 01:09:39,233 of our government officers as opponents, 1430 01:09:39,233 --> 01:09:40,633 but that's what they are... 1431 01:09:40,633 --> 01:09:41,800 all: Yes. Yeah. 1432 01:09:41,800 --> 01:09:46,633 - They have tried all sorts of things to break us. 1433 01:09:46,633 --> 01:09:49,600 But we still hold steadfast, 1434 01:09:49,600 --> 01:09:51,734 resolute. 1435 01:09:51,734 --> 01:09:55,667 And still, we don't advocate violence. 1436 01:09:55,667 --> 01:09:57,233 We don't have to. 1437 01:09:57,233 --> 01:09:58,300 all: Yes. 1438 01:09:58,300 --> 01:10:01,000 - The Lord is with us. all: Yes. 1439 01:10:01,000 --> 01:10:03,133 - And we are a chain. 1440 01:10:03,133 --> 01:10:07,433 We are linked together indivisible. 1441 01:10:07,433 --> 01:10:11,100 I cannot be what I ought to be 1442 01:10:11,100 --> 01:10:14,066 unless you are what you ought to be. 1443 01:10:14,066 --> 01:10:15,400 all: Amen. Right. 1444 01:10:15,400 --> 01:10:17,100 - We are a chain. 1445 01:10:17,100 --> 01:10:20,166 [applause] 1446 01:10:20,166 --> 01:10:23,233 - Now, we have good news in Montgomery right now. 1447 01:10:23,233 --> 01:10:25,000 [approving murmurs] 1448 01:10:25,000 --> 01:10:28,266 Now, how do we protect our feet? 1449 01:10:28,266 --> 01:10:32,433 We have all kinds of shoes from all kinds of folks 1450 01:10:32,433 --> 01:10:34,300 from all over the country. 1451 01:10:34,300 --> 01:10:36,200 all: Yes. [applause] 1452 01:10:36,200 --> 01:10:40,166 - Shoes to replace the shoes that has been worn down 1453 01:10:40,166 --> 01:10:44,266 by us walking, shoes to help keep us all walking. 1454 01:10:44,266 --> 01:10:45,700 all: Yes. woman: All right. 1455 01:10:45,700 --> 01:10:47,734 - But we got something else also. 1456 01:10:47,734 --> 01:10:50,066 [unintelligible murmurs] 1457 01:10:50,066 --> 01:10:52,867 I have here a check 1458 01:10:52,867 --> 01:10:57,066 from our brothers and sisters in Mobile, Alabama, 1459 01:10:57,066 --> 01:11:00,100 for $500.43. 1460 01:11:00,100 --> 01:11:03,166 [applause] 1461 01:11:06,400 --> 01:11:08,633 They sent a letter with it, 1462 01:11:08,633 --> 01:11:10,333 I guess to keep us encouraged. 1463 01:11:10,333 --> 01:11:12,834 They said, "Please accept this check 1464 01:11:12,834 --> 01:11:18,433 "for $500.43 for your cause and our cause. 1465 01:11:18,433 --> 01:11:21,834 "We here in Mobile, Alabama, support your fight. 1466 01:11:21,834 --> 01:11:26,166 "P.S.: The 43¢ is to let you know 1467 01:11:26,166 --> 01:11:28,400 that some more is coming." 1468 01:11:28,400 --> 01:11:30,133 [organ chords play] 1469 01:11:30,133 --> 01:11:33,533 [applause] 1470 01:11:33,533 --> 01:11:36,266 This new "get tough" policy... 1471 01:11:36,266 --> 01:11:38,166 man: Yeah? - This ain't gon' stop us. 1472 01:11:38,166 --> 01:11:39,200 [shouts of agreement] 1473 01:11:39,200 --> 01:11:42,166 We all know the state of Alabama's motto. 1474 01:11:42,166 --> 01:11:43,667 all: Heart of Dixie. 1475 01:11:43,667 --> 01:11:45,300 - Heart of Dixie, huh? 1476 01:11:45,300 --> 01:11:49,800 Well, I say let's keep on walking until Dixie has a heart. 1477 01:11:49,800 --> 01:11:51,533 [cheers and applause] 1478 01:11:51,533 --> 01:11:54,967 woman: ♪ What a day of rejoicing it would be ♪ 1479 01:11:54,967 --> 01:11:58,600 ♪ What a time, what a time ♪ 1480 01:11:58,600 --> 01:12:00,767 all: ♪ What a time, what a time ♪ 1481 01:12:00,767 --> 01:12:02,967 woman: ♪ One look at Jesus, and we'll be ♪ 1482 01:12:02,967 --> 01:12:05,900 all: ♪ Yes, time ♪ 1483 01:12:05,900 --> 01:12:09,767 ♪ What a time, what a time ♪ 1484 01:12:09,767 --> 01:12:12,133 woman: ♪ I'm gonna tell 'em all ♪ 1485 01:12:12,133 --> 01:12:14,600 all: ♪ Yes, time ♪ 1486 01:12:14,600 --> 01:12:16,000 woman: ♪ What a time ♪ 1487 01:12:16,000 --> 01:12:18,000 all: ♪ What a time ♪ 1488 01:12:18,000 --> 01:12:19,800 ♪ What a time ♪ 1489 01:12:19,800 --> 01:12:23,900 woman: ♪ God's gonna wipe my tears away ♪ 1490 01:12:23,900 --> 01:12:25,500 ♪ What a time ♪ 1491 01:12:25,500 --> 01:12:27,000 ♪ What a time ♪ 1492 01:12:27,000 --> 01:12:29,867 all: ♪ What a time ♪ 1493 01:12:29,867 --> 01:12:31,133 [glass shatters] 1494 01:12:31,133 --> 01:12:33,000 ♪ Yes, time ♪ 1495 01:12:33,000 --> 01:12:34,533 - ♪ Thank you, Jesus ♪ 1496 01:12:34,533 --> 01:12:36,400 ♪ What a time ♪ 1497 01:12:36,400 --> 01:12:38,500 ♪ What a time, what a time ♪ 1498 01:12:38,500 --> 01:12:42,266 ♪ Somebody sing it with me ♪ 1499 01:12:42,266 --> 01:12:46,000 all: ♪ Doo, doo ♪ 1500 01:12:46,000 --> 01:12:47,266 woman: ♪ Yes, Jesus ♪ 1501 01:12:47,266 --> 01:12:48,867 all: ♪ Doo-dup, doo ♪ 1502 01:12:48,867 --> 01:12:50,233 woman: ♪ Mm-mm-mm ♪ 1503 01:12:50,233 --> 01:12:51,333 woman: Amen. 1504 01:12:51,333 --> 01:12:53,800 [applause] 1505 01:12:59,066 --> 01:13:01,000 - Brothers and sisters, what do we do? 1506 01:13:01,000 --> 01:13:02,066 all: Fight on. 1507 01:13:02,066 --> 01:13:03,200 - We fight on. 1508 01:13:03,200 --> 01:13:05,600 And no matter what the other side does, 1509 01:13:05,600 --> 01:13:07,300 it's one thing that they cannot do, 1510 01:13:07,300 --> 01:13:10,166 and that is force us back on them buses. 1511 01:13:10,166 --> 01:13:11,467 all: Amen. 1512 01:13:18,400 --> 01:13:19,433 - What is it? 1513 01:13:19,433 --> 01:13:21,066 - Your house has been bombed, Martin. 1514 01:13:21,066 --> 01:13:22,233 - Coretta, Yolanda? 1515 01:13:22,233 --> 01:13:23,667 - We don't know yet. 1516 01:13:33,767 --> 01:13:35,500 chorus: ♪ Doo, doo ♪ 1517 01:13:35,500 --> 01:13:38,367 [all talking at once] 1518 01:13:38,367 --> 01:13:40,367 ♪ Doo, doo ♪ 1519 01:13:40,367 --> 01:13:42,767 woman: ♪ Mm-mm-mm ♪ man: It's all over now. 1520 01:13:42,767 --> 01:13:44,367 - No, it ain't all over. It's just started. 1521 01:13:44,367 --> 01:13:45,934 - We ain't goin' nowhere. 1522 01:13:45,934 --> 01:13:47,567 - That's right. That's right. woman: ♪ Jesus ♪ 1523 01:13:47,567 --> 01:13:50,100 chorus: ♪ Doo, doo ♪ 1524 01:13:50,100 --> 01:13:51,867 woman: ♪ Oh, Lord ♪ 1525 01:13:51,867 --> 01:13:52,934 ♪ Thank you, Jesus ♪ 1526 01:13:52,934 --> 01:13:55,934 chorus: ♪ Doo-dup, doo ♪ 1527 01:13:55,934 --> 01:13:57,367 woman: ♪ When all of God's ♪ 1528 01:13:57,367 --> 01:14:00,800 chorus: ♪ Children ♪ 1529 01:14:00,800 --> 01:14:02,066 woman: ♪ When they get to ♪ 1530 01:14:02,066 --> 01:14:04,567 chorus: ♪ Heaven ♪ 1531 01:14:04,567 --> 01:14:06,467 - Reverend King, I can assure you 1532 01:14:06,467 --> 01:14:09,533 that this type of activity will not be tolerated. 1533 01:14:09,533 --> 01:14:11,433 man: My boys will look into this. 1534 01:14:12,900 --> 01:14:15,367 woman: Want to know what you're gonna do about... 1535 01:14:15,367 --> 01:14:17,800 [unintelligible chatter] 1536 01:14:17,800 --> 01:14:19,633 - Coretta? 1537 01:14:19,633 --> 01:14:21,300 woman: This ain't right. 1538 01:14:21,300 --> 01:14:24,400 [people speaking unintelligibly] 1539 01:14:33,500 --> 01:14:34,867 - You all right? 1540 01:14:36,900 --> 01:14:38,734 - I'm all right. 1541 01:14:38,734 --> 01:14:39,800 - Yoki? 1542 01:14:39,800 --> 01:14:42,133 - She's fine. She's in the back. 1543 01:14:42,133 --> 01:14:45,967 We're both fine. 1544 01:14:45,967 --> 01:14:47,734 - They ain't goin'. 1545 01:14:47,734 --> 01:14:50,767 [people yelling] 1546 01:14:53,400 --> 01:14:57,600 We are gonna have a riot on our hands. 1547 01:14:57,600 --> 01:15:01,100 - I promise you a full investigation. 1548 01:15:01,100 --> 01:15:04,100 We're offering $500 for information 1549 01:15:04,100 --> 01:15:06,467 leading to the arrest of the bomber. 1550 01:15:06,467 --> 01:15:07,900 [all yelling] 1551 01:15:07,900 --> 01:15:09,100 I understand your concerns, 1552 01:15:09,100 --> 01:15:11,000 but there's nothing else to be done. 1553 01:15:11,000 --> 01:15:14,567 It's time for y'all to go on back to your home. 1554 01:15:14,567 --> 01:15:16,433 [all speaking at once] 1555 01:15:16,433 --> 01:15:17,900 - This is our home. 1556 01:15:17,900 --> 01:15:19,867 - You go home! - That's right. 1557 01:15:19,867 --> 01:15:22,166 You know, everybody know 1558 01:15:22,166 --> 01:15:24,467 what we're fighting for is right. 1559 01:15:24,467 --> 01:15:28,000 And we're gonna win, 'cause y'all white folk, 1560 01:15:28,000 --> 01:15:30,667 y'all don't scare us no longer, 1561 01:15:30,667 --> 01:15:32,667 and you can't kill all of us. 1562 01:15:32,667 --> 01:15:33,934 - Yeah! 1563 01:15:33,934 --> 01:15:37,000 [all yelling] 1564 01:15:40,233 --> 01:15:42,700 - I--I want to-- 1565 01:15:42,700 --> 01:15:45,800 I thank you all for showing your support. 1566 01:15:45,800 --> 01:15:49,233 Everybody's all right. 1567 01:15:49,233 --> 01:15:52,000 If you have weapons, please take them home. 1568 01:15:52,000 --> 01:15:53,300 [crowd murmuring unintelligibly] 1569 01:15:53,300 --> 01:15:57,600 We must not meet violence with retaliatory violence. 1570 01:15:57,600 --> 01:16:00,166 We must love our white brothers, love our-- 1571 01:16:00,166 --> 01:16:01,700 [crowd murmurs unintelligibly] 1572 01:16:01,700 --> 01:16:03,033 Love our enemies. 1573 01:16:03,033 --> 01:16:05,400 This is what we must live by. 1574 01:16:05,400 --> 01:16:08,834 We must meet their hate with our love. 1575 01:16:08,834 --> 01:16:10,433 And God is with us. 1576 01:16:10,433 --> 01:16:11,700 - Well, show us Coretta. 1577 01:16:11,700 --> 01:16:13,600 all: Yeah. - Show us Coretta. 1578 01:16:13,600 --> 01:16:16,633 [people yelling] 1579 01:16:19,100 --> 01:16:20,500 - You hit somebody with that stick, 1580 01:16:20,500 --> 01:16:22,066 and we all gonna die out here tonight, Jack. 1581 01:16:22,066 --> 01:16:24,266 woman: That's right! That's right! 1582 01:16:24,266 --> 01:16:27,333 [all yelling] 1583 01:16:30,734 --> 01:16:33,767 - Hell, I know it ain't right to attack a man's family. 1584 01:16:33,767 --> 01:16:35,100 I know they're angry. 1585 01:16:35,100 --> 01:16:36,667 woman: Let him go! Let him go! 1586 01:16:36,667 --> 01:16:38,100 - I got a job to do. 1587 01:16:38,100 --> 01:16:39,233 - Let's go. 1588 01:16:39,233 --> 01:16:40,734 All right, I want that car out of here. 1589 01:16:40,734 --> 01:16:42,533 woman: We just want to know if she's all right. 1590 01:16:42,533 --> 01:16:44,867 woman: That's right. [all speaking at once] 1591 01:16:44,867 --> 01:16:47,266 woman: She's all right. woman: All right. 1592 01:16:47,266 --> 01:16:50,433 all: Amen. 1593 01:16:50,433 --> 01:16:52,734 - All right. Go on home now. 1594 01:16:52,734 --> 01:16:56,433 woman: ♪ What a day of healing ♪ 1595 01:16:56,433 --> 01:16:57,800 ♪ Thank you, Father ♪ 1596 01:16:57,800 --> 01:16:59,900 ♪ Nothing but love ♪ 1597 01:16:59,900 --> 01:17:01,667 ♪ Joy and peace ♪ 1598 01:17:01,667 --> 01:17:05,333 ♪ When all God's children ♪ 1599 01:17:05,333 --> 01:17:06,934 ♪ Have mercy, Father ♪ 1600 01:17:06,934 --> 01:17:08,233 ♪ When we get to ♪ 1601 01:17:08,233 --> 01:17:11,567 chorus: ♪ Heaven ♪ 1602 01:17:11,567 --> 01:17:14,233 woman: ♪ Talkin' 'bout a time ♪ 1603 01:17:14,233 --> 01:17:15,633 ♪ What a time ♪ 1604 01:17:15,633 --> 01:17:17,867 ♪ What a time, what a time ♪ 1605 01:17:17,867 --> 01:17:19,700 ♪ Thank you, Jesus ♪ 1606 01:17:27,533 --> 01:17:30,767 - When do we get to fight back? 1607 01:17:30,767 --> 01:17:32,867 Brother King. 1608 01:17:32,867 --> 01:17:34,533 Brother King, there are people out there, 1609 01:17:34,533 --> 01:17:37,233 they want to take matters into their own hands, 1610 01:17:37,233 --> 01:17:39,567 fight back, show 'em we're not afraid. 1611 01:17:39,567 --> 01:17:42,467 If the whites bring guns, then we bring guns. 1612 01:17:42,467 --> 01:17:44,900 - We won't win a battle with guns. 1613 01:17:44,900 --> 01:17:48,066 They've got more guns. 1614 01:17:48,066 --> 01:17:51,333 They'll get tired of beating us 1615 01:17:51,333 --> 01:17:53,133 when they see it won't break us. 1616 01:17:53,133 --> 01:17:55,600 - Damn it, they don't seem to be getting tired. 1617 01:17:55,600 --> 01:17:57,633 Seems like they're getting stronger than ever. 1618 01:17:57,633 --> 01:18:01,700 Seems--seems they like it. 1619 01:18:01,700 --> 01:18:06,233 - Brother Phillips, we won't stoop to their level. 1620 01:18:06,233 --> 01:18:09,734 We believe in the Bible. 1621 01:18:09,734 --> 01:18:13,367 - An eye for an eye, boss. 1622 01:18:13,367 --> 01:18:16,266 That's in there too. 1623 01:18:16,266 --> 01:18:19,233 [somber music] 1624 01:18:19,233 --> 01:18:23,734 ♪ ♪ 1625 01:18:23,734 --> 01:18:25,500 - I'm right down the hall if you need anything. 1626 01:18:25,500 --> 01:18:29,633 - Thank you, Juanita. - [whispers] You're welcome. 1627 01:18:29,633 --> 01:18:31,433 Yolanda: Bye-bye. 1628 01:18:31,433 --> 01:18:35,200 ♪ ♪ 1629 01:18:35,200 --> 01:18:37,500 Hi. 1630 01:18:37,500 --> 01:18:40,467 [Yolanda cooing] 1631 01:18:40,467 --> 01:18:46,133 ♪ ♪ 1632 01:18:46,133 --> 01:18:48,467 Mommy? 1633 01:18:48,467 --> 01:18:51,467 [woman vocalizing] 1634 01:18:51,467 --> 01:18:54,400 ♪ ♪ 1635 01:18:54,400 --> 01:18:56,000 [camera shutter clicks] 1636 01:18:56,000 --> 01:18:58,900 ♪ ♪ 1637 01:19:04,734 --> 01:19:07,066 - Martin, I don't pretend to understand 1638 01:19:07,066 --> 01:19:08,133 why you've been chosen. 1639 01:19:08,133 --> 01:19:12,433 I really don't. 1640 01:19:12,433 --> 01:19:14,567 But you have. 1641 01:19:15,667 --> 01:19:19,333 And you are the right man. 1642 01:19:19,333 --> 01:19:23,266 - But that crowd out there, that... 1643 01:19:23,266 --> 01:19:25,333 that hatred can't be contained. 1644 01:19:25,333 --> 01:19:29,500 I'm beginning to question whether... 1645 01:19:33,700 --> 01:19:36,000 It just runs too deep. 1646 01:19:36,000 --> 01:19:39,300 If you or the baby had been hurt, 1647 01:19:39,300 --> 01:19:41,900 there would've been bloodshed. 1648 01:19:41,900 --> 01:19:46,100 I want you to take Yolanda and leave Montgomery. 1649 01:19:46,100 --> 01:19:47,333 - Martin... 1650 01:19:47,333 --> 01:19:49,533 - Go to Atlanta and stay with my parents... 1651 01:19:49,533 --> 01:19:51,533 - Martin. - Until this is resolved. 1652 01:19:51,533 --> 01:19:52,834 - We are family. 1653 01:19:52,834 --> 01:19:57,200 - I will not have the blood of my family on my hand. 1654 01:19:57,200 --> 01:20:00,033 [melancholy flute music] 1655 01:20:00,033 --> 01:20:01,934 - Don't let them intimidate you. 1656 01:20:01,934 --> 01:20:05,900 - They bombed the house. 1657 01:20:05,900 --> 01:20:08,266 I think they already have. 1658 01:20:08,266 --> 01:20:15,567 ♪ ♪ 1659 01:20:15,567 --> 01:20:18,166 [hammers tapping] 1660 01:20:18,166 --> 01:20:19,567 man: I got it. 1661 01:20:19,567 --> 01:20:22,567 [unintelligible conversations] 1662 01:20:22,567 --> 01:20:30,633 ♪ ♪ 1663 01:20:40,867 --> 01:20:43,834 man: Anybody got a hammer? 1664 01:20:43,834 --> 01:20:46,834 [unintelligible conversations] 1665 01:20:46,834 --> 01:20:49,400 ♪ ♪ 1666 01:20:49,400 --> 01:20:50,633 - Reverend King. 1667 01:20:50,633 --> 01:20:52,166 - Hello, Coretta. 1668 01:20:52,166 --> 01:20:54,367 Looks like you're doing a little redecorating. 1669 01:20:54,367 --> 01:20:56,600 - You could call it that. 1670 01:20:56,600 --> 01:20:58,000 It's good to see you. 1671 01:20:58,000 --> 01:21:00,367 - Good to see you too and safe. 1672 01:21:01,500 --> 01:21:03,867 You've done important work here, son. 1673 01:21:03,867 --> 01:21:07,066 There's nobody prouder of what you've done here than I am. 1674 01:21:07,066 --> 01:21:08,667 But there's no reason you can't 1675 01:21:08,667 --> 01:21:10,367 run this boycott from Atlanta. 1676 01:21:10,367 --> 01:21:12,066 You push for too much here in Montgomery, 1677 01:21:12,066 --> 01:21:15,533 you'll lose everything-- your position, your reputation. 1678 01:21:15,533 --> 01:21:17,233 - Daddy, I won't leave. 1679 01:21:17,233 --> 01:21:20,834 - Martin, they bombed your home. 1680 01:21:20,834 --> 01:21:22,367 You are in peril. 1681 01:21:22,367 --> 01:21:24,066 Your family is in peril. 1682 01:21:24,066 --> 01:21:26,300 This city is set to explode. 1683 01:21:26,300 --> 01:21:28,533 If you're not careful, there's gonna be a race war. 1684 01:21:28,533 --> 01:21:30,100 - I can't walk away. 1685 01:21:30,100 --> 01:21:31,834 I won't. 1686 01:21:31,834 --> 01:21:34,767 I've started something here, and I intend to finish it. 1687 01:21:34,767 --> 01:21:38,767 - Coretta, talk some sense into my son. 1688 01:21:41,867 --> 01:21:43,633 - Baby, what do you want to do? 1689 01:21:43,633 --> 01:21:46,433 - I'm staying here. 1690 01:21:46,433 --> 01:21:48,333 - Then so am I. 1691 01:21:51,734 --> 01:21:53,900 [dog barking] 1692 01:21:53,900 --> 01:21:56,900 [dramatic music] 1693 01:21:56,900 --> 01:22:04,967 ♪ ♪ 1694 01:22:22,066 --> 01:22:23,433 [bell dings] 1695 01:22:23,433 --> 01:22:26,233 - My name is Bayard Rustin, R-U-S-T-I-N. 1696 01:22:26,233 --> 01:22:28,133 I believe you have a room reserved for me. 1697 01:22:28,133 --> 01:22:29,100 - Uh-huh. 1698 01:22:29,100 --> 01:22:30,767 Well, put your John Hancock down there 1699 01:22:30,767 --> 01:22:32,333 and give me three nights in advance, 1700 01:22:32,333 --> 01:22:34,600 and we'll be in business. 1701 01:22:34,600 --> 01:22:36,867 - Tell me, how far a walk is it 1702 01:22:36,867 --> 01:22:40,600 to the home of Reverend King? 1703 01:22:40,600 --> 01:22:43,400 - Well, I don't know what y'all, uh, do up there 1704 01:22:43,400 --> 01:22:47,066 in, uh, New York City, but you don't want to be 1705 01:22:47,066 --> 01:22:49,033 walking alone down here at night, 1706 01:22:49,033 --> 01:22:51,900 especially with this, uh, bus business going on. 1707 01:22:51,900 --> 01:22:53,400 - And here I thought all black people 1708 01:22:53,400 --> 01:22:54,467 walked in Montgomery. 1709 01:22:54,467 --> 01:22:56,133 [both chuckle] 1710 01:22:56,133 --> 01:22:58,266 - Not at night. - Oh... 1711 01:22:58,266 --> 01:22:59,834 I'll take my chances. 1712 01:23:03,266 --> 01:23:06,266 [slow blues music] 1713 01:23:06,266 --> 01:23:14,333 ♪ ♪ 1714 01:23:22,667 --> 01:23:24,433 - But who are you? 1715 01:23:26,867 --> 01:23:28,800 - It's Bayard Rustin. 1716 01:23:28,800 --> 01:23:31,700 - What are you doing here? 1717 01:23:31,700 --> 01:23:35,033 Why'd you come all the way down here from New York City? 1718 01:23:35,033 --> 01:23:36,233 - It's a business trip. 1719 01:23:36,233 --> 01:23:40,533 - You here to stir up something with that Negro boycott? 1720 01:23:40,533 --> 01:23:45,367 - Well, I do intend to avoid the buses. 1721 01:23:45,367 --> 01:23:49,333 - What kind of business you do at night? 1722 01:23:49,333 --> 01:23:50,734 - I'm a journalist. 1723 01:23:50,734 --> 01:23:54,233 I am working for "Le Figaro" 1724 01:23:54,233 --> 01:23:55,667 and the "Manchester Guardian." 1725 01:23:55,667 --> 01:23:59,133 Those are European journals 1726 01:23:59,133 --> 01:24:02,100 or newspapers. 1727 01:24:02,100 --> 01:24:03,667 Is there anything else? 1728 01:24:03,667 --> 01:24:06,734 [dog barking] 1729 01:24:10,633 --> 01:24:12,200 - What do you want? 1730 01:24:12,200 --> 01:24:14,233 - I'm here to see Dr. King. 1731 01:24:14,233 --> 01:24:16,266 - Need to go on home. 1732 01:24:16,266 --> 01:24:18,000 - My home is a long way from here, 1733 01:24:18,000 --> 01:24:21,300 and I don't really care to return to it at the moment 1734 01:24:21,300 --> 01:24:24,300 since I just left it to come to Montgomery 1735 01:24:24,300 --> 01:24:26,133 to see Dr. King. 1736 01:24:26,133 --> 01:24:29,200 - Reverend King's not seeing any visitors. 1737 01:24:29,200 --> 01:24:30,567 Now go on. 1738 01:24:30,567 --> 01:24:32,367 - Nelson, who is it? 1739 01:24:32,367 --> 01:24:33,700 - Nobody, ma'am. 1740 01:24:33,700 --> 01:24:35,266 Somebody just leaving. 1741 01:24:35,266 --> 01:24:36,667 He can come back in the morning. 1742 01:24:36,667 --> 01:24:37,767 - Good evening, Mrs. King. 1743 01:24:37,767 --> 01:24:39,433 Bayard Rustin. 1744 01:24:39,433 --> 01:24:40,967 - Bayard Rustin. 1745 01:24:43,500 --> 01:24:44,934 - Excuse me. 1746 01:24:44,934 --> 01:24:46,567 How are you? 1747 01:24:48,300 --> 01:24:51,066 - I heard you speak on nonviolence 1748 01:24:51,066 --> 01:24:54,066 when I was a student at Antioch College. 1749 01:24:54,066 --> 01:24:57,533 And I will never forget it, because you said something 1750 01:24:57,533 --> 01:25:01,367 about history that has stayed with me. 1751 01:25:01,367 --> 01:25:03,533 - Is that so? 1752 01:25:03,533 --> 01:25:04,767 What did I say? 1753 01:25:04,767 --> 01:25:08,467 - That history wasn't an accident, 1754 01:25:08,467 --> 01:25:12,166 that history is a choice. 1755 01:25:12,166 --> 01:25:16,800 - And why did that make such an impression? 1756 01:25:16,800 --> 01:25:19,400 - Because it means that we can do something 1757 01:25:19,400 --> 01:25:21,834 about our lives and we're not stuck 1758 01:25:21,834 --> 01:25:23,967 with the way things are. 1759 01:25:23,967 --> 01:25:26,367 - Wow. 1760 01:25:26,367 --> 01:25:28,266 So now you're down South. 1761 01:25:28,266 --> 01:25:30,033 Aren't you a long way from home? 1762 01:25:30,033 --> 01:25:32,467 - No, no, I'm from Marion. 1763 01:25:32,467 --> 01:25:33,934 That's not too far from here. 1764 01:25:33,934 --> 01:25:36,433 - Didn't like our Northern customs, huh? 1765 01:25:36,433 --> 01:25:39,633 - Actually, I did. 1766 01:25:39,633 --> 01:25:41,700 Quite a bit. 1767 01:25:41,700 --> 01:25:44,133 - Well, if Bayard Rustin is here, 1768 01:25:44,133 --> 01:25:45,934 then I guess we've arrived. 1769 01:25:45,934 --> 01:25:47,433 - Excuse me. 1770 01:25:47,433 --> 01:25:49,166 Dr. King. 1771 01:25:49,166 --> 01:25:50,567 I wouldn't miss a moment that's gonna 1772 01:25:50,567 --> 01:25:52,300 change our country forever. 1773 01:25:52,300 --> 01:25:53,500 - Yes, yes. 1774 01:25:53,500 --> 01:25:55,200 So a policeman says to him, says, 1775 01:25:55,200 --> 01:25:57,600 "Well, can you describe these turtles?" 1776 01:25:57,600 --> 01:26:00,467 And, uh--and the snail says, "No, sir, I can't. 1777 01:26:00,467 --> 01:26:02,066 It all happened so fast." 1778 01:26:02,066 --> 01:26:04,867 [laughter] 1779 01:26:04,867 --> 01:26:06,633 Well, see, that's how we feel. 1780 01:26:06,633 --> 01:26:10,367 Here we are, 77 days into a 1-day boycott. 1781 01:26:10,367 --> 01:26:12,900 - You've managed to sow the seeds of Gandhi 1782 01:26:12,900 --> 01:26:14,834 in the soil of the South. 1783 01:26:14,834 --> 01:26:16,367 - Well, it's not just about Gandhi. 1784 01:26:16,367 --> 01:26:19,734 It's also about the teachings of Jesus Christ. 1785 01:26:19,734 --> 01:26:20,967 - Mass action 1786 01:26:20,967 --> 01:26:23,667 and black social gospel, 1787 01:26:23,667 --> 01:26:26,333 it's a new form of protest. 1788 01:26:26,333 --> 01:26:29,500 I mean, it's--it's-- it's Negro. 1789 01:26:29,500 --> 01:26:31,200 It's jazz. 1790 01:26:31,200 --> 01:26:32,567 [chuckles] 1791 01:26:32,567 --> 01:26:34,300 - Well, whatever it is, 1792 01:26:34,300 --> 01:26:36,533 it's taken us all by surprise. 1793 01:26:36,533 --> 01:26:38,633 - Might just take the whole country by surprise. 1794 01:26:38,633 --> 01:26:40,233 That's why I'm here. 1795 01:26:43,800 --> 01:26:48,033 Reverend King, I'm gonna be blunt. 1796 01:26:48,033 --> 01:26:51,233 You're straying from the principles of nonviolence. 1797 01:26:51,233 --> 01:26:52,433 - In what way? 1798 01:26:52,433 --> 01:26:54,667 - You're the leader of a nonviolent movement, 1799 01:26:54,667 --> 01:26:56,133 and yet you have guns in your home 1800 01:26:56,133 --> 01:26:59,200 and these armed guards outside. 1801 01:27:01,000 --> 01:27:02,900 - Let me ask you something, Mr. Rustin. 1802 01:27:02,900 --> 01:27:05,533 Would you risk your family for a tactic? 1803 01:27:05,533 --> 01:27:07,000 - Nonviolence is not a tactic. 1804 01:27:07,000 --> 01:27:08,400 - Would you risk your family? 1805 01:27:08,400 --> 01:27:09,800 - Nonviolence is an ideology; it's a movement. 1806 01:27:09,800 --> 01:27:11,400 - I have an obligation to protect my family... 1807 01:27:11,400 --> 01:27:13,633 - A way of life, a religion. - And defend my home. 1808 01:27:13,633 --> 01:27:16,300 - Well, the guns don't make me feel any safer. 1809 01:27:21,467 --> 01:27:24,600 - Look, the movement is in its very early stages. 1810 01:27:24,600 --> 01:27:26,300 And I hope with all my heart 1811 01:27:26,300 --> 01:27:28,767 that, uh, it remains peaceful, but... 1812 01:27:28,767 --> 01:27:30,300 - Peaceful change is healing. 1813 01:27:30,300 --> 01:27:34,000 - There is a very definite possibility of violence. 1814 01:27:36,934 --> 01:27:39,934 [dramatic music] 1815 01:27:39,934 --> 01:27:48,000 ♪ ♪ 1816 01:27:57,033 --> 01:28:00,567 - [humming] 1817 01:28:00,567 --> 01:28:02,467 Oh, hey, Reverend. I didn't know you were-- 1818 01:28:02,467 --> 01:28:04,367 - After tonight, 1819 01:28:04,367 --> 01:28:08,166 I want you to find a safe place to put that. 1820 01:28:08,166 --> 01:28:10,166 - But, boss... 1821 01:28:13,433 --> 01:28:15,867 man: School officials later suspended Autherine Lucy 1822 01:28:15,867 --> 01:28:18,967 for her own safety after she and her NAACP escorts 1823 01:28:18,967 --> 01:28:21,066 were surrounded by angry white students. 1824 01:28:21,066 --> 01:28:23,800 Democratic presidential candidate Adlai Stevenson, 1825 01:28:23,800 --> 01:28:25,166 speaking to a Negro audience, 1826 01:28:25,166 --> 01:28:27,166 suggested that only gradual means 1827 01:28:27,166 --> 01:28:29,567 would satisfactorily settle the school's crisis 1828 01:28:29,567 --> 01:28:31,533 and other problems affecting equal rights 1829 01:28:31,533 --> 01:28:33,033 for all Americans. 1830 01:28:33,033 --> 01:28:34,967 More on that story later. 1831 01:28:34,967 --> 01:28:36,333 man: And now the weather... 1832 01:28:36,333 --> 01:28:39,166 - One Negro girl admitted into a college. 1833 01:28:39,166 --> 01:28:41,567 That's about as gradual as you can get, I think. 1834 01:28:41,567 --> 01:28:44,333 - They forgot the part where they throw eggs at her. 1835 01:28:44,333 --> 01:28:46,333 Rustin: Well, now you see. 1836 01:28:46,333 --> 01:28:51,000 It's not just about Montgomery anymore. 1837 01:28:51,000 --> 01:28:52,500 And it's sure as hell 1838 01:28:52,500 --> 01:28:57,266 not just about seats on the bus. 1839 01:28:57,266 --> 01:28:59,867 - Bayard Rustin, ladies and gentlemen. 1840 01:29:02,467 --> 01:29:04,934 - It happens whenever an oppressed group 1841 01:29:04,934 --> 01:29:06,800 finds its voice. 1842 01:29:09,333 --> 01:29:13,200 The white man... [chuckles] 1843 01:29:13,200 --> 01:29:15,900 Some white men 1844 01:29:15,900 --> 01:29:18,200 are terrified that if the Negro 1845 01:29:18,200 --> 01:29:21,333 ever attains power, he will act without pity 1846 01:29:21,333 --> 01:29:22,700 to revenge the past. 1847 01:29:22,700 --> 01:29:25,000 - Damn right. 1848 01:29:25,000 --> 01:29:27,567 - We have to show them 1849 01:29:27,567 --> 01:29:29,066 they have nothing to fear. 1850 01:29:29,066 --> 01:29:30,333 - The bus company's hurting. 1851 01:29:30,333 --> 01:29:31,900 They're on the verge of bankruptcy 1852 01:29:31,900 --> 01:29:33,533 and are now willing to meet our demands, 1853 01:29:33,533 --> 01:29:34,934 but the city won't let 'em. 1854 01:29:34,934 --> 01:29:37,367 - We forgive everything. 1855 01:29:37,367 --> 01:29:40,033 We have to bring the message of nonviolent resistance 1856 01:29:40,033 --> 01:29:42,133 to the rest of the South. 1857 01:29:42,133 --> 01:29:46,166 Everything we've learned here, we have to teach the nation. 1858 01:29:46,166 --> 01:29:47,700 It's your responsibility. 1859 01:29:47,700 --> 01:29:49,233 - There's also a rumor. 1860 01:29:49,233 --> 01:29:51,300 The city might bring indictments. 1861 01:29:51,300 --> 01:29:53,100 - On what charge? 1862 01:29:53,100 --> 01:29:56,834 - They dug up some old Alabama antiboycott law. 1863 01:29:56,834 --> 01:29:58,667 Lewis: We know the people here. 1864 01:29:58,667 --> 01:30:01,100 We know they'll walk forever if they have to. 1865 01:30:01,100 --> 01:30:02,734 - You have got to stop thinking about this 1866 01:30:02,734 --> 01:30:04,200 as just a bus boycott. 1867 01:30:04,200 --> 01:30:05,767 It's not! 1868 01:30:05,767 --> 01:30:08,200 And you cannot win this fight 1869 01:30:08,200 --> 01:30:11,900 unless there are similar protests all over the South 1870 01:30:11,900 --> 01:30:16,400 and similar protests all over the nation. 1871 01:30:16,400 --> 01:30:19,667 It is in your own self-interest, your own. 1872 01:30:19,667 --> 01:30:23,133 - Have you ever run a bus boycott before? 1873 01:30:23,133 --> 01:30:24,533 - Not buses, no. 1874 01:30:24,533 --> 01:30:29,266 - Well, then why are you lecturing these people? 1875 01:30:29,266 --> 01:30:33,200 - The same principles are at work. 1876 01:30:33,200 --> 01:30:37,667 - What makes you think they need outside advice? 1877 01:30:37,667 --> 01:30:40,000 - And who might you be, sir? 1878 01:30:40,000 --> 01:30:41,400 - Emory Jackson, 1879 01:30:41,400 --> 01:30:42,800 editor of "Birmingham World." 1880 01:30:42,800 --> 01:30:45,133 - Well, welcome, brother. 1881 01:30:45,133 --> 01:30:49,900 - I just want to talk to you about your affiliations. 1882 01:30:49,900 --> 01:30:51,166 - Well... 1883 01:30:52,667 --> 01:30:54,133 That was a long time ago... 1884 01:30:55,867 --> 01:30:57,900 Mr. Jackson. 1885 01:30:57,900 --> 01:30:59,800 [dog barking] 1886 01:30:59,800 --> 01:31:02,800 [tense music] 1887 01:31:02,800 --> 01:31:04,066 ♪ ♪ 1888 01:31:04,066 --> 01:31:06,467 [gun cocks] 1889 01:31:06,467 --> 01:31:09,433 [fire crackling] 1890 01:31:09,433 --> 01:31:12,433 [dramatic music] 1891 01:31:12,433 --> 01:31:20,533 ♪ ♪ 1892 01:31:41,233 --> 01:31:44,233 [woman vocalizing] 1893 01:31:44,233 --> 01:31:52,333 ♪ ♪ 1894 01:31:54,367 --> 01:31:55,834 - You all right, E.D.? 1895 01:31:55,834 --> 01:31:58,533 - Whoever did this, I want to hurt. 1896 01:31:58,533 --> 01:32:00,600 [fire crackling] 1897 01:32:00,600 --> 01:32:02,700 I want to make the bastards pay. 1898 01:32:02,700 --> 01:32:04,600 - I understand that. 1899 01:32:04,600 --> 01:32:08,033 - Reverend King, I ain't like you. 1900 01:32:08,033 --> 01:32:09,300 I am not like you. 1901 01:32:09,300 --> 01:32:14,567 I am not a nonviolent person by nature. 1902 01:32:14,567 --> 01:32:16,066 Now, they've attacked my home, 1903 01:32:16,066 --> 01:32:20,467 and I want to strike back! 1904 01:32:20,467 --> 01:32:22,233 I don't know if I can do this. 1905 01:32:22,233 --> 01:32:23,767 We march and sing 1906 01:32:23,767 --> 01:32:25,700 and plot and plan and so they can 1907 01:32:25,700 --> 01:32:26,867 blow up our homes. 1908 01:32:26,867 --> 01:32:28,166 They blowed up your home too. 1909 01:32:28,166 --> 01:32:32,266 - Y'all just gonna sit there. 1910 01:32:32,266 --> 01:32:34,400 You see how they be? 1911 01:32:34,400 --> 01:32:35,734 [somber music] 1912 01:32:35,734 --> 01:32:37,800 - Brother Nixon, 1913 01:32:37,800 --> 01:32:43,533 Hebrews 10:39 reads, 1914 01:32:43,533 --> 01:32:47,200 "But we are not of those that shrink back 1915 01:32:47,200 --> 01:32:50,300 "unto destruction, 1916 01:32:50,300 --> 01:32:54,467 "but of those who have faith to the preservation 1917 01:32:54,467 --> 01:32:56,100 of the spirit." 1918 01:32:59,934 --> 01:33:02,000 I believe that. 1919 01:33:02,000 --> 01:33:06,667 ♪ ♪ 1920 01:33:06,667 --> 01:33:08,767 I'm sorry, E.D. 1921 01:33:08,767 --> 01:33:16,834 ♪ ♪ 1922 01:33:19,834 --> 01:33:22,467 - You know, 1923 01:33:22,467 --> 01:33:27,333 I got no doubt that man is a leader. 1924 01:33:27,333 --> 01:33:30,567 I just don't know where he's leading us. 1925 01:33:30,567 --> 01:33:34,867 ♪ ♪ 1926 01:33:34,867 --> 01:33:35,867 [all talking at once] 1927 01:33:35,867 --> 01:33:37,734 Martin: We are Christian. 1928 01:33:37,734 --> 01:33:42,000 If you must stone them, stone them with forgiveness. 1929 01:33:42,000 --> 01:33:43,900 If you must stone them, 1930 01:33:43,900 --> 01:33:46,834 stone them with love. man: Amen. 1931 01:33:46,834 --> 01:33:49,467 - Through these powers, we will discover 1932 01:33:49,467 --> 01:33:53,033 to our wayward brothers the error of their ways. 1933 01:33:53,033 --> 01:33:54,100 [all shouting agreement] 1934 01:33:54,100 --> 01:33:57,934 This is and will ever be a nonviolent movement. 1935 01:33:57,934 --> 01:34:00,700 woman: Yeah. woman: All right. 1936 01:34:00,700 --> 01:34:03,867 Take care, Ed. 1937 01:34:03,867 --> 01:34:07,767 Folks up at Fisk want me to come up there and speak. 1938 01:34:07,767 --> 01:34:09,467 - I'm not surprised. 1939 01:34:09,467 --> 01:34:12,500 - But I can't just, uh, leave here 1940 01:34:12,500 --> 01:34:13,867 and go up to Nashville. 1941 01:34:13,867 --> 01:34:15,567 - Martin, it's time. 1942 01:34:15,567 --> 01:34:17,667 You have to get the message out. 1943 01:34:17,667 --> 01:34:20,500 If we don't go national, you're going to lose locally. 1944 01:34:23,767 --> 01:34:25,066 - Now, Coretta, 1945 01:34:25,066 --> 01:34:27,233 it's another thing entirely 1946 01:34:27,233 --> 01:34:30,600 for you and Yoki to stay here alone 1947 01:34:30,600 --> 01:34:33,800 while I'm in Nashville. 1948 01:34:33,800 --> 01:34:36,900 - So we go to Atlanta, and then what? 1949 01:34:40,133 --> 01:34:43,467 [children giggling] 1950 01:34:43,467 --> 01:34:45,867 Martin: Many of the Negroes who joined the protest 1951 01:34:45,867 --> 01:34:48,667 did not expect it to last this long. 1952 01:34:48,667 --> 01:34:51,066 When asked why, they usually gave 1953 01:34:51,066 --> 01:34:53,233 one of three answers: 1954 01:34:53,233 --> 01:34:56,633 "I didn't expect Negroes to stick to it." 1955 01:34:56,633 --> 01:34:59,600 "I never thought Negroes had the nerve." 1956 01:34:59,600 --> 01:35:02,200 Or, "I thought the pressure from the white folks 1957 01:35:02,200 --> 01:35:05,767 would kill it before it got started." 1958 01:35:05,767 --> 01:35:08,867 Our nonviolent protest in Montgomery 1959 01:35:08,867 --> 01:35:12,600 is demonstrating to the Negro that many of the stereotypes 1960 01:35:12,600 --> 01:35:15,700 he has held about himself and other Negroes 1961 01:35:15,700 --> 01:35:17,867 are not valid. 1962 01:35:17,867 --> 01:35:21,400 Something is happening to the Negro. 1963 01:35:21,400 --> 01:35:25,400 He's come to feel that he is somebody. 1964 01:35:25,400 --> 01:35:27,033 - Got rope, 1965 01:35:27,033 --> 01:35:29,166 got trees. 1966 01:35:29,166 --> 01:35:31,633 - These indictments brought by the grand jury 1967 01:35:31,633 --> 01:35:33,934 should not come as any surprise. 1968 01:35:33,934 --> 01:35:36,166 We are committed to segregation, 1969 01:35:36,166 --> 01:35:38,367 both by custom and by law, 1970 01:35:38,367 --> 01:35:40,367 and we intend to maintain it 1971 01:35:40,367 --> 01:35:42,767 and to protect our way of life! 1972 01:35:53,033 --> 01:35:56,934 - They got arrest warrants for everybody on the committee, 1973 01:35:56,934 --> 01:36:00,033 all our organizers, everyone in this room, 1974 01:36:00,033 --> 01:36:02,800 115 of us. 1975 01:36:02,800 --> 01:36:06,100 It's the largest mass indictment in Alabama history. 1976 01:36:06,100 --> 01:36:08,533 - They're trying to chop the head off the boycott. 1977 01:36:08,533 --> 01:36:11,367 Abernathy: So what's our response? 1978 01:36:11,367 --> 01:36:13,333 Gray: Well, we don't really have one yet. 1979 01:36:13,333 --> 01:36:15,200 And Reverend King's up in Nashville. 1980 01:36:15,200 --> 01:36:19,066 - How long it's gonna be till they start arresting us? 1981 01:36:19,066 --> 01:36:20,500 - Soon as the deputies get the warrants, 1982 01:36:20,500 --> 01:36:21,934 so maybe tomorrow? 1983 01:36:21,934 --> 01:36:23,667 - Probably is, what I'd expect. 1984 01:36:23,667 --> 01:36:27,700 - Well, I would prefer not to be arrested at the college. 1985 01:36:27,700 --> 01:36:30,867 Don't want my students seeing that. 1986 01:36:30,867 --> 01:36:33,066 Abernathy: All right, I tell you what, brother. 1987 01:36:33,066 --> 01:36:36,734 You figure out a way to keep us all out of jail, 1988 01:36:36,734 --> 01:36:39,500 we'll find a way to get you some salvation. 1989 01:36:39,500 --> 01:36:41,333 man: Ha-ha. - Amen. 1990 01:36:41,333 --> 01:36:42,734 - Yeah, I'm on my way now. 1991 01:36:42,734 --> 01:36:44,200 But I'm gonna stop in Atlanta... 1992 01:36:44,200 --> 01:36:45,133 - Hi, Reverend King. 1993 01:36:45,133 --> 01:36:47,233 - To, uh, kiss Coretta and the baby, 1994 01:36:47,233 --> 01:36:49,567 and then I'll be there tomorrow afternoon. 1995 01:36:49,567 --> 01:36:52,066 Mm. 1996 01:36:52,066 --> 01:36:55,467 Well, that seems to me that's just a scare tactic, Rev. 1997 01:36:55,467 --> 01:36:57,600 Yeah, it's the same old thing. 1998 01:36:57,600 --> 01:37:00,100 Mm-hmm. Well, you--you do that. 1999 01:37:00,100 --> 01:37:01,900 You do that. You keep it together. 2000 01:37:01,900 --> 01:37:03,433 I'll see you tomorrow, hear? 2001 01:37:03,433 --> 01:37:04,734 Abernathy: Make no mistake about it. 2002 01:37:04,734 --> 01:37:06,133 The only reason that they're doing it 2003 01:37:06,133 --> 01:37:08,433 is to try and separate us from Martin. 2004 01:37:08,433 --> 01:37:10,734 That's what this whole thing is about. 2005 01:37:10,734 --> 01:37:15,100 - Reverend Abernathy makes a good point. 2006 01:37:15,100 --> 01:37:19,133 But there's a larger issue here. 2007 01:37:19,133 --> 01:37:21,133 What is a jail? 2008 01:37:21,133 --> 01:37:23,934 It's just a building. 2009 01:37:23,934 --> 01:37:26,000 Bricks and steel. 2010 01:37:26,000 --> 01:37:28,200 That's all it is. 2011 01:37:28,200 --> 01:37:30,700 You're the ones who give it power. 2012 01:37:30,700 --> 01:37:34,266 You've got to lose your fear of jail. 2013 01:37:34,266 --> 01:37:36,467 - I just want you to consider the consequences 2014 01:37:36,467 --> 01:37:38,667 of returning to Montgomery. 2015 01:37:38,667 --> 01:37:40,900 The police there are targeting you. 2016 01:37:40,900 --> 01:37:43,300 I have that on good account. 2017 01:37:43,300 --> 01:37:46,433 And you can't lead a boycott from the inside of jail. 2018 01:37:46,433 --> 01:37:48,033 - You can't lead a boycott hiding out 2019 01:37:48,033 --> 01:37:49,533 in another state either. 2020 01:37:49,533 --> 01:37:51,633 - Young lady, 2021 01:37:51,633 --> 01:37:54,166 there is a larger picture to look at. 2022 01:37:54,166 --> 01:37:55,767 - Yes, there is, and I'm surprised 2023 01:37:55,767 --> 01:37:57,667 that you're not seeing it. 2024 01:37:57,667 --> 01:37:59,000 I'm leaving tomorrow. 2025 01:37:59,000 --> 01:38:00,834 - They will arrest you. 2026 01:38:00,834 --> 01:38:02,166 They're arresting everybody. 2027 01:38:02,166 --> 01:38:05,300 - What are we supposed to do, just go--go turn ourselves in? 2028 01:38:05,300 --> 01:38:06,667 - What happens to the boycott? 2029 01:38:06,667 --> 01:38:08,600 - If we turn ourselves in, 2030 01:38:08,600 --> 01:38:11,834 we're admitting guilt as if we're criminals. 2031 01:38:11,834 --> 01:38:15,700 - You got that backwards, Reverend. 2032 01:38:15,700 --> 01:38:18,133 It's the criminal who hides. 2033 01:38:20,166 --> 01:38:23,000 I ain't got nothing to hide. 2034 01:38:23,000 --> 01:38:26,166 I ain't no criminal. 2035 01:38:26,166 --> 01:38:30,300 I ain't afraid of nobody's jail. 2036 01:38:30,300 --> 01:38:33,266 - You have a wife, a daughter. 2037 01:38:33,266 --> 01:38:35,200 You ought to be thinking about them. 2038 01:38:35,200 --> 01:38:37,700 - That's exactly who I am thinking about. 2039 01:38:37,700 --> 01:38:40,100 - At least tell your wife to stay here with us. 2040 01:38:40,100 --> 01:38:41,800 - No, no, I can't do that. 2041 01:38:41,800 --> 01:38:43,266 I'm-- 2042 01:38:43,266 --> 01:38:44,934 I need her. 2043 01:38:51,934 --> 01:38:54,967 [birds chirping] 2044 01:38:58,500 --> 01:39:00,533 Abernathy: Now, listen, Martin, this is serious. 2045 01:39:00,533 --> 01:39:03,066 There's a rumor that they're about to arrest 2046 01:39:03,066 --> 01:39:06,867 Bayard Rustin for lying about who he is. 2047 01:39:06,867 --> 01:39:08,867 And I got this from Emory Jackson, 2048 01:39:08,867 --> 01:39:12,767 who got it from some white guy over at the paper. 2049 01:39:12,767 --> 01:39:17,066 - Well, they've been looking for an outside agitator. 2050 01:39:17,066 --> 01:39:18,567 - And now they got one. 2051 01:39:18,567 --> 01:39:20,233 - And, brother, this could ruin us. 2052 01:39:20,233 --> 01:39:23,100 They--they--they can turn the whole movement 2053 01:39:23,100 --> 01:39:25,734 into some Communist plot. 2054 01:39:32,300 --> 01:39:36,500 - Some things have come up that we need to discuss. 2055 01:39:36,500 --> 01:39:39,033 - I know. 2056 01:39:39,033 --> 01:39:43,467 - It, uh... 2057 01:39:43,467 --> 01:39:47,033 You know, I used to think that the Christian ethic of love 2058 01:39:47,033 --> 01:39:51,600 was only confined to individual relationships. 2059 01:39:51,600 --> 01:39:54,367 - It's what we are. 2060 01:39:54,367 --> 01:39:56,467 It's what we breathe. 2061 01:39:56,467 --> 01:39:57,700 - Yes, yes. 2062 01:39:57,700 --> 01:39:59,433 - We need to be going. 2063 01:40:07,567 --> 01:40:11,533 - Those things they say about you... 2064 01:40:11,533 --> 01:40:16,967 - There's nothing they can say about me that isn't true. 2065 01:40:16,967 --> 01:40:19,834 I'm an ex-Communist, ex-con. 2066 01:40:19,834 --> 01:40:25,500 I'm a Negro. I'm a bastard. 2067 01:40:25,500 --> 01:40:29,100 I'm a homosexual. 2068 01:40:29,100 --> 01:40:32,967 And I don't have a proper job. 2069 01:40:32,967 --> 01:40:35,834 I'm a man of my times. 2070 01:40:35,834 --> 01:40:38,767 But the times don't know it yet. 2071 01:40:38,767 --> 01:40:41,800 [light instrumental music] 2072 01:40:41,800 --> 01:40:44,367 ♪ ♪ 2073 01:40:44,367 --> 01:40:46,934 It's a gift, Martin, plain and simple. 2074 01:40:46,934 --> 01:40:49,967 - What, spiriting you away in the middle of the night? 2075 01:40:49,967 --> 01:40:54,033 - No, returning their violence with nonviolence. 2076 01:40:54,033 --> 01:40:55,834 You mark my words, tomorrow, 2077 01:40:55,834 --> 01:40:58,967 a spotlight will shine down on Montgomery, 2078 01:40:58,967 --> 01:41:02,000 one that will galvanize this country. 2079 01:41:02,000 --> 01:41:05,100 - You'll be safer in here. 2080 01:41:05,100 --> 01:41:06,433 They're looking for you still. 2081 01:41:06,433 --> 01:41:08,967 - Think I'd be better off in the back of the bus. 2082 01:41:08,967 --> 01:41:11,834 ♪ ♪ 2083 01:41:11,834 --> 01:41:14,166 - Thank you, Bayard. 2084 01:41:14,166 --> 01:41:16,400 - Reverend, it's my pleasure. 2085 01:41:16,400 --> 01:41:21,600 ♪ ♪ 2086 01:41:21,600 --> 01:41:25,200 - Well, like you said, it's not just about buses anymore. 2087 01:41:29,400 --> 01:41:32,400 [dramatic music] 2088 01:41:32,400 --> 01:41:40,467 ♪ ♪ 2089 01:41:51,133 --> 01:41:55,200 Martin: As I look at it, I have committed three sins. 2090 01:41:55,200 --> 01:41:57,600 The first sin I have committed 2091 01:41:57,600 --> 01:42:01,166 is being born a Negro. 2092 01:42:01,166 --> 01:42:03,033 The second sin I have committed, 2093 01:42:03,033 --> 01:42:04,333 along with all of us, 2094 01:42:04,333 --> 01:42:08,934 is to object to the twin battering rams 2095 01:42:08,934 --> 01:42:12,000 of segregation and oppression. 2096 01:42:12,000 --> 01:42:16,266 The third and most basic sin which all of us have committed 2097 01:42:16,266 --> 01:42:19,367 is having the moral courage to stand up 2098 01:42:19,367 --> 01:42:24,000 and express our profound weariness with this oppression. 2099 01:42:24,000 --> 01:42:26,200 - You're looking for me. 2100 01:42:26,200 --> 01:42:28,133 Martin: It is one of the great glories of America 2101 01:42:28,133 --> 01:42:31,967 that we have the right to protest. 2102 01:42:31,967 --> 01:42:33,934 - I believe you're looking for me. 2103 01:42:33,934 --> 01:42:36,867 - This is not a war between the Negro 2104 01:42:36,867 --> 01:42:38,734 and the white. 2105 01:42:38,734 --> 01:42:43,233 This is a conflict between justice and injustice. 2106 01:42:43,233 --> 01:42:46,300 You see, most people see nonviolence 2107 01:42:46,300 --> 01:42:49,333 as a cowardly or weak thing. 2108 01:42:49,333 --> 01:42:52,900 It is neither cowardly nor weak. 2109 01:42:52,900 --> 01:42:57,333 It is perhaps one of the bravest forms of confrontation 2110 01:42:57,333 --> 01:42:59,467 known to man. 2111 01:42:59,467 --> 01:43:02,834 We are using moral and spiritual force. 2112 01:43:02,834 --> 01:43:05,367 This is all we have. 2113 01:43:05,367 --> 01:43:09,734 We are using the weapon of love. 2114 01:43:09,734 --> 01:43:13,367 woman: ♪ We who believe in freedom ♪ 2115 01:43:13,367 --> 01:43:15,200 ♪ Cannot rest ♪ 2116 01:43:15,200 --> 01:43:18,200 [percussive music] 2117 01:43:18,200 --> 01:43:19,400 ♪ ♪ 2118 01:43:19,400 --> 01:43:23,033 ♪ We who believe in freedom ♪ 2119 01:43:23,033 --> 01:43:29,033 ♪ Cannot rest until it comes ♪ 2120 01:43:29,033 --> 01:43:32,567 ♪ We who believe in freedom ♪ 2121 01:43:32,567 --> 01:43:34,100 ♪ Cannot rest ♪ 2122 01:43:34,100 --> 01:43:36,600 chorus: ♪ Freedom cannot rest ♪ 2123 01:43:36,600 --> 01:43:38,166 woman: ♪ Oh, no, how can you ♪ 2124 01:43:38,166 --> 01:43:42,166 woman: ♪ We who believe in freedom ♪ 2125 01:43:42,166 --> 01:43:44,000 ♪ Cannot rest ♪ 2126 01:43:44,000 --> 01:43:47,433 ♪ Until it comes ♪ 2127 01:43:47,433 --> 01:43:53,033 woman: ♪ Until the killing of a black man ♪ 2128 01:43:53,033 --> 01:43:56,734 ♪ Black mothers' sons ♪ 2129 01:43:56,734 --> 01:44:02,400 ♪ Is as important as the killing of white men ♪ 2130 01:44:02,400 --> 01:44:07,333 ♪ White mothers' sons ♪ 2131 01:44:07,333 --> 01:44:11,000 ♪ We who believe in freedom ♪ 2132 01:44:11,000 --> 01:44:14,934 ♪ Cannot rest ♪ 2133 01:44:14,934 --> 01:44:17,133 ♪ Oh, no ♪ 2134 01:44:17,133 --> 01:44:20,567 ♪ We who believe in freedom ♪ 2135 01:44:20,567 --> 01:44:26,467 ♪ Cannot rest until it comes ♪ 2136 01:44:26,467 --> 01:44:29,266 woman: ♪ That which touches me most ♪ 2137 01:44:29,266 --> 01:44:32,000 ♪ Is that I had a chance ♪ 2138 01:44:32,000 --> 01:44:36,200 women: ♪ To work with people ♪ 2139 01:44:36,200 --> 01:44:39,834 ♪ Passing on to others ♪ 2140 01:44:39,834 --> 01:44:45,767 ♪ That which was passed on to me ♪ 2141 01:44:45,767 --> 01:44:50,033 ♪ We who believe in freedom ♪ 2142 01:44:50,033 --> 01:44:51,800 ♪ Cannot rest ♪ 2143 01:44:51,800 --> 01:44:53,500 chorus: ♪ Cannot rest ♪ 2144 01:44:53,500 --> 01:44:55,467 woman: ♪ Oh, no ♪ 2145 01:44:55,467 --> 01:44:59,000 ♪ We who believe in freedom ♪ 2146 01:44:59,000 --> 01:45:04,233 ♪ Cannot rest until it comes ♪ 2147 01:45:04,233 --> 01:45:08,867 ♪ To me, young people come first ♪ 2148 01:45:08,867 --> 01:45:13,600 ♪ They have the courage where we fail ♪ 2149 01:45:13,600 --> 01:45:18,567 ♪ And if I can but shed some light ♪ 2150 01:45:18,567 --> 01:45:24,467 ♪ As they carry us through the gale ♪ 2151 01:45:24,467 --> 01:45:29,834 - The Supreme Court decision on segregation 2152 01:45:29,834 --> 01:45:31,800 is now law. 2153 01:45:31,800 --> 01:45:35,033 There is a motion on the floor 2154 01:45:35,033 --> 01:45:40,100 to end the 13-month-old boycott 2155 01:45:40,100 --> 01:45:44,567 of public transportation in Montgomery. 2156 01:45:44,567 --> 01:45:48,734 All those in favor, let it be known by-- 2157 01:45:48,734 --> 01:45:51,800 [cheers and applause] 2158 01:45:58,433 --> 01:46:00,500 By standing on your feet. 2159 01:46:00,500 --> 01:46:04,033 woman: ♪ We who believe in freedom ♪ 2160 01:46:04,033 --> 01:46:08,166 ♪ Cannot rest ♪ 2161 01:46:08,166 --> 01:46:10,100 ♪ Oh, no ♪ 2162 01:46:10,100 --> 01:46:13,734 ♪ We who believe in freedom ♪ 2163 01:46:13,734 --> 01:46:19,533 ♪ Cannot rest until it comes ♪ 2164 01:46:19,533 --> 01:46:22,300 woman: ♪ That which touches me most ♪ 2165 01:46:22,300 --> 01:46:25,400 ♪ Is that I had a chance ♪ 2166 01:46:25,400 --> 01:46:29,333 ♪ To work with people ♪ 2167 01:46:29,333 --> 01:46:32,867 ♪ Passing on to others ♪ 2168 01:46:32,867 --> 01:46:38,867 ♪ That which was passed on to me ♪ 2169 01:46:38,867 --> 01:46:42,467 ♪ We who believe in freedom ♪ 2170 01:46:42,467 --> 01:46:46,400 ♪ Cannot rest ♪ 2171 01:46:46,400 --> 01:46:48,533 ♪ Oh, no ♪ 2172 01:46:48,533 --> 01:46:52,066 ♪ We who believe in freedom ♪ 2173 01:46:52,066 --> 01:46:56,900 ♪ Cannot rest until it comes ♪ 2174 01:46:56,900 --> 01:47:04,967 ♪ ♪ 2175 01:47:08,667 --> 01:47:11,734 - You comin', brother? 2176 01:47:11,734 --> 01:47:13,767 - No. 2177 01:47:13,767 --> 01:47:15,934 You all go on ahead. 2178 01:47:18,834 --> 01:47:22,533 woman: ♪ Don't you be afraid ♪ 2179 01:47:22,533 --> 01:47:25,867 [relaxed funky music] 2180 01:47:25,867 --> 01:47:30,066 man: ♪ Hey ♪ 2181 01:47:30,066 --> 01:47:32,600 ♪ Ooh ♪ 2182 01:47:32,600 --> 01:47:35,000 ♪ Oh, yeah ♪ 2183 01:47:35,000 --> 01:47:36,800 ♪ Ooh, yeah ♪ 2184 01:47:36,800 --> 01:47:39,934 ♪ Ooh, yeah, yeah ♪ 2185 01:47:39,934 --> 01:47:43,467 ♪ ♪ 2186 01:47:43,467 --> 01:47:48,066 ♪ Preacher preaching in a broken voice ♪ 2187 01:47:48,066 --> 01:47:52,367 ♪ Crickets creaking out the lonely noise ♪ 2188 01:47:52,367 --> 01:47:57,100 ♪ The sun is sinking 'cause it's got no choice ♪ 2189 01:47:57,100 --> 01:48:00,867 ♪ Just like my sinking heart ♪ 2190 01:48:00,867 --> 01:48:02,333 ♪ Ooh ♪ 2191 01:48:02,333 --> 01:48:07,000 woman: ♪ People watching through a veil of tears ♪ 2192 01:48:07,000 --> 01:48:11,767 ♪ Singing we shall overcome our fears ♪ 2193 01:48:11,767 --> 01:48:16,100 ♪ He was barely even 40 years ♪ 2194 01:48:16,100 --> 01:48:19,400 ♪ But I can hear him talk and hear him saying ♪ 2195 01:48:19,400 --> 01:48:22,333 ♪ Loud and clear ♪ 2196 01:48:22,333 --> 01:48:26,800 man: ♪ When they lay me down to rest ♪ 2197 01:48:26,800 --> 01:48:29,400 ♪ I won't go quietly ♪ 2198 01:48:29,400 --> 01:48:31,533 ♪ No ♪ 2199 01:48:31,533 --> 01:48:36,166 ♪ Sometimes the price of life is death ♪ 2200 01:48:36,166 --> 01:48:39,300 ♪ But I would never sleep ♪ 2201 01:48:39,300 --> 01:48:41,433 ♪ No ♪ 2202 01:48:41,433 --> 01:48:44,233 ♪ Remember me ♪ 2203 01:48:44,233 --> 01:48:45,867 ♪ Ooh, yeah ♪ 2204 01:48:45,867 --> 01:48:47,066 all: ♪ You'll remember my dream ♪ 2205 01:48:47,066 --> 01:48:50,800 woman: ♪ You'll remember me ♪ 2206 01:48:50,800 --> 01:48:54,767 all: ♪ You'll remember my dream ♪ 2207 01:48:54,767 --> 01:48:57,867 [Stevie Wonder's "Jesus Children of America"] 2208 01:48:57,867 --> 01:49:00,900 [upbeat funky music] 2209 01:49:00,900 --> 01:49:04,600 ♪ ♪ 2210 01:49:04,600 --> 01:49:06,867 man: ♪ Hello, Jesus ♪ 2211 01:49:06,867 --> 01:49:09,166 ♪ Jesus, children ♪ 2212 01:49:09,166 --> 01:49:11,400 ♪ Jesus loves you ♪ 2213 01:49:11,400 --> 01:49:13,800 ♪ Jesus, children ♪ 2214 01:49:13,800 --> 01:49:16,500 ♪ Hello, children, Jesus loves you ♪ 2215 01:49:16,500 --> 01:49:21,400 ♪ Of America ♪ 2216 01:49:21,400 --> 01:49:23,166 ♪ Mm ♪ 2217 01:49:23,166 --> 01:49:25,600 man: ♪ Are you hearing ♪ 2218 01:49:25,600 --> 01:49:27,834 ♪ What he's saying? ♪ 2219 01:49:27,834 --> 01:49:30,066 ♪ Are you feeling ♪ 2220 01:49:30,066 --> 01:49:32,433 ♪ What you're praying? ♪ 2221 01:49:32,433 --> 01:49:34,867 ♪ Are you hearing, praying, feeling ♪ 2222 01:49:34,867 --> 01:49:38,467 ♪ What you say inside? ♪ 2223 01:49:38,467 --> 01:49:40,767 ♪ Yeah ♪ 2224 01:49:40,767 --> 01:49:43,033 ♪ You'd better tell ♪ 2225 01:49:43,033 --> 01:49:49,900 ♪ Mm, mm, your story fast ♪ 2226 01:49:49,900 --> 01:49:53,033 man: ♪ And if you lie ♪ 2227 01:49:53,033 --> 01:49:59,667 man: ♪ It will come to pass ♪ 2228 01:49:59,667 --> 01:50:01,467 ♪ Mm ♪ 2229 01:50:01,467 --> 01:50:03,667 ♪ ♪ 2230 01:50:03,667 --> 01:50:08,066 ♪ Mm ♪ 2231 01:50:08,066 --> 01:50:09,834 ♪ Yeah ♪ 2232 01:50:09,834 --> 01:50:12,100 ♪ Tell me holy ♪ 2233 01:50:12,100 --> 01:50:14,567 ♪ Holy roller ♪ 2234 01:50:14,567 --> 01:50:16,867 ♪ Are you standing ♪ 2235 01:50:16,867 --> 01:50:19,166 ♪ Like a soldier ♪ 2236 01:50:19,166 --> 01:50:24,266 ♪ Are you standing for everything you talk about? ♪ 2237 01:50:24,266 --> 01:50:26,500 ♪ ♪ 2238 01:50:26,500 --> 01:50:30,333 man: ♪ Whoa, said Jesus ♪ 2239 01:50:30,333 --> 01:50:32,500 ♪ Meditation ♪ 2240 01:50:32,500 --> 01:50:34,700 ♪ It speaks of ♪ 2241 01:50:34,700 --> 01:50:37,200 ♪ Preservation ♪ 2242 01:50:37,200 --> 01:50:40,266 ♪ Hey, Jesus told us meditation ♪ 2243 01:50:40,266 --> 01:50:44,367 ♪ Gives you peace of mind ♪ 2244 01:50:44,367 --> 01:50:46,066 man: ♪ Peace of mind ♪ 2245 01:50:46,066 --> 01:50:49,467 man: ♪ You'd better tell ♪ 2246 01:50:49,467 --> 01:50:54,800 ♪ Your story fast ♪ 2247 01:50:54,800 --> 01:50:58,533 ♪ Hey ♪ man: ♪ And if you lie ♪ 2248 01:50:58,533 --> 01:51:05,033 ♪ It will come to pass ♪ 2249 01:51:05,033 --> 01:51:07,300 man: ♪ Oh, yes ♪ 2250 01:51:07,300 --> 01:51:09,033 ♪ Tell the story about the... ♪ 2251 01:51:09,033 --> 01:51:10,033 [gentle gospel music] 2252 01:51:10,033 --> 01:51:14,633 all: ♪ Hey, hey, Yahweh ♪ 2253 01:51:14,633 --> 01:51:19,967 ♪ Hey, hey, my God ♪ 2254 01:51:19,967 --> 01:51:25,400 ♪ Hey, hey, Yahweh ♪ 2255 01:51:25,400 --> 01:51:31,000 ♪ Ooh, ooh, Almighty ♪ 2256 01:51:31,000 --> 01:51:34,033 ♪ ♪ 2257 01:51:34,033 --> 01:51:36,700 ♪ Ooh, ooh-ooh-ooh ♪ 2258 01:51:36,700 --> 01:51:41,467 ♪ Ooh, ooh, ooh-ooh-ooh ♪ 2259 01:51:41,467 --> 01:51:43,100 ♪ Shoo ♪ 2260 01:51:43,100 --> 01:51:45,433 ♪ Whoa, hey, hey, hey ♪ 2261 01:51:45,433 --> 01:51:46,834 ♪ Ah, ah ♪ 2262 01:51:46,834 --> 01:51:49,400 ♪ Ooh, ooh ♪ 2263 01:51:49,400 --> 01:51:53,166 ♪ Hey, Yahweh ♪ 2264 01:51:53,166 --> 01:51:56,967 ♪ Hey, my God ♪ 2265 01:51:56,967 --> 01:52:00,533 ♪ Share in our way ♪ 2266 01:52:00,533 --> 01:52:04,400 ♪ Share in Yahweh ♪ 2267 01:52:04,400 --> 01:52:06,633 ♪ ♪ 2268 01:52:06,633 --> 01:52:09,633 [all vocalizing] 2269 01:52:09,633 --> 01:52:17,700 ♪ ♪ 2270 01:52:24,967 --> 01:52:27,934 [all chanting] 2271 01:52:27,934 --> 01:52:36,000 ♪ ♪ 2272 01:52:49,467 --> 01:52:50,767 ♪ Hey ♪ 153849

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