All language subtitles for BBC.Animal.Babies.First.Year.on.Earth.3of3.720p.HDTV.x264.AAC.MVGroup.org.eng

For animals all around the world...

..their first year is
one of the most difficult...

..and most dangerous.

To survive, they must overcome
daily threats and challenges...

..from rivals...

..from the elements...

..and predators.

In this series, three wildlife
camera operators will travel

the globe to follow our planet's
most iconic species,

as they grow and develop day by day.

As the animal babies approach
the end of their first year,

they need to take on the most
complex challenges of their lives.

In Kenya, on her first birthday...

..an elephant calf must work out
how to feed herself.

At the edge of the Arctic,

a fox cub must become independent...

..before the onset of
a brutal winter.

In Sri Lanka, a one-year-old macaque
must develop the skills

to survive beyond his
mother's protection.

They are taking their life in their
hands, these monkeys.

And one of our closest cousins -
a mountain gorilla -

must learn the coordination to
explore Uganda's forest kingdom.

That is just saying,
"I'm one-year-old now. Right now."

This is the story of what it takes
to survive in the wild.

Half of those cubs...won't
make it.

I just want them to come back
out of harm's way and be safe.

This is their first year on Earth.

It's almost like seeing your kid
ride their bike for the first time.

In southwest Uganda,

an unparalleled island of forest

covers mountain tops
close to the equator.

It is known as Bwindi...

..The Impenetrable.

It's July, and wildlife cameraman
Vianet Djenguet is here to follow

the progress of one of
the rarest babies in the wild.

One of possibly only 50.

He is tracking her family with
the help of Dr Martha Robbins,

of the Max Planck Institute,

who has been unlocking
the secrets of this forest

for more than 20 years.

Their tracks lead to a unique
habitat in its heart...

..a swamp.

GRUNTING

The family are
Bwindi mountain gorillas.

I just spotted Nyakabara.

One-year-old Nyakabara
has a bracelet of white fur,

never seen before in
mountain gorillas.

who protects this group of 13.

LOW GORILLA RUMBLE

They are so closely related to us
that Vianet must wear a mask

to prevent the spread of
any human diseases.

She's just, like, piggybacking
on her mother's back.

At 7.5kg, Nyakabara is more than
three times her birth weight.

As an infant, she spent
her first few months

just sleeping and suckling,

attached to her mother,

and absolutely helpless.

Now, she's alert, active,

and can ride on her mother's back
to see what's going on.

Vianet is here to see if, as
a one-year-old, she's developing

the vital skills to forage
for herself.

But it's not going to happen
in the swamp.

The food here is for experts only...

..thistles.

I'm being very careful with how I
hold it cos it's covered in spines,

but the gorillas love this.

It's very high in protein... Right.

..and there's not very much
of it in Bwindi. Oh...

But the way they eat it's amazing,

cos they take their hands and
they just...
MAKES SCRAPING SOUND

..go all the way up to get the
leaves, and then they fold it a bit

and they put it in their mouth. Wow.

But even if you watch them chew,

they're kind of chewing like this...
VIANET LAUGHS

And so I think it's a little bit
painful for them to eat!

The nutrients thistles provide

mean it's worth the effort
and discomfort.

But the gorillas only make the trip
to the swamp once a month.

Nyakabara won't be capable
of this level of manual dexterity

for another three years.

But Vianet wants to see if she can
master the more basic techniques

of food manipulation.

And that's something she learns
by watching her mother handling

around 100 different food plants.

GORILLA RUMBLES

BRANCHES CREAK

At around eight months of age,

mothers become less protective of
their babies, and, increasingly,

let them work out how to do things
for themselves.

Woody vines are an abundant food
plant in the forest,

and gorillas like to eat
the pith inside.

GORILLA RUMBLES LOWLY

Nyakabara learns by observation,
not instinct.

She has to find a way to get
the same results for herself

by trial and error.

VIANET: Look at that, look at that.

I wasn't expecting this.

She's trying to strip the bark.

This is actually the first time
I've seen her doing this.

That is a moment!

A milestone...

..in Nyakabara's life.

Nyakabara has the basics covered.

But the real challenge of
growing up in the Bwindi...

..are the trees.

There are more than
200 species here,

and many bear highly
nutritious fruit.

Bwindi mountain gorillas are unique
in that they spend several hours,

every day, high up in the trees,
foraging for this fruit.

But combining climbing skills
with foraging techniques places

huge demands on a one-year-old's
dexterity, balance and coordination.

At just two months old, Nyakabara
and her mother fell from a tree.

And falls are one reason why only
two thirds of infants survive.

By eight months old, she started
to climb for herself,

but was very shaky and kept
under close control by her mother.

Now, as a one-year-old, her mother
gives her free rein to explore.

VIANET LAUGHS

Nyakabara's next challenge

is to combine her climbing
and foraging skills.

She literally climbed that tree.

We're talking about five metres
tall, that tree.

Away from her mother...

..just on her own,

exploring her little world.

Oh, man...!

Oh!

Look at that...!

Hanging on with one arm,

Nyakabara has to try and bring
the fruit to her for inspection.

NYAKABARA SNIFFS

A sniff tells her that this one
is not quite right.

But African star apples
have just come into fruit,

and make the perfect snack.

FRUIT CRUNCHES

This is...

This is exactly what
I was expecting...

Look! Chest beating, as well!

VIANET CHUCKLES

Brilliant!

That is just saying,
"I'm one-year-old now. Right now."

VIANET LAUGHS

"I've reached my first year...

"..on Earth."

It will take three years
before this precious baby

can survive here on her own.

But, over the next 12 months, she
will hopefully perfect the skills

required to move freely

and confidently 30 metres
above the ground,

between the trees of
the Bwindi Impenetrable Forest.

8,500km away,
at the edge of the Arctic...

..the Hornstrandir peninsula is the
most remote corner of Iceland.

It's September.

Colder weather is taking
over from the short summer months.

In just a few weeks, this valley
could be blanketed by snow and ice

as the long, desolate winter
returns.

Fela is the only white Arctic fox
cub in the litter of eight.

At just four months old,
he's almost adult size.

But he is not an adult yet,

he still relies on his parents
for food.

Autumn is the cut-off time when cubs
must learn to get the food they need

to survive their first winter.

Wildlife cameraman Colin
Stafford-Johnson is here to see

if Fela has the resourcefulness to
come through this crucial period.

FELA SNIFFS

He purposely came downwind of me

so he could give me a really good
sniff to see who I was,

and he seemed happy enough.

At around 3kg, Fela is healthy
and starting to grow

the thick fur he needs to survive
sub-zero winter temperatures.

He was born with acute senses
of sight, hearing and smell.

They are all focused towards
the moments his parents return

from the hunt with a meal.

But, at this time of year,
food is in short supply.

Back in the summer, breeding
sea birds provided the only food

for Fela's family.

But there is never enough
to support a whole litter,

and competition between
the cubs was intense.

CUBS CHIRP AND SQUEAK

Arctic fox cubs generally only
have a 50% chance of survival.

I'm seeing the same animals again
and again,

I'm really pretty convinced,
at this stage,

that there are only
four youngsters left.

I hoped that a few more might
make it through.

Both parents have been working
themselves to the bone all summer,

rushing around this valley,
supplying food as much as

they could - but the food is coming
to an end and they have to

look after themselves. They have to
put on enough weight to condition,

to get through the winter.

The white mother of the cubs
has found a sea bird.

Now she has to decide whether she
will keep providing for her young.

EXCITED SQUEAKING

A black cub rushes to be fed.

Fela's spotted her too.

CUB WHINES

The dark cub begs...

..but the vixen is keeping
this bird to herself.

WHINING CONTINUES

FELA SQUEALS

Fela flicks his tail, and also
calls to demand food.

CUBS CALL

But he too is rejected.

The vixen leaves
behind her hungry cubs.

This is a turning point
in Fela's life.

He now has to find his own food
if he's going to survive.

This is a really dangerous time now
for these young animals.

Only the smartest and the most
resourceful are now

going to make it through.

Each morning, Colin looks for any
sign that Fela is developing

the skills to find food for himself.

Now the breeding sea birds have
gone, Fela must learn

to search out alternative foods.

But these are things he may
never have tasted before.

So he needs to explore everything
within this landscape.

He found something to play with.

He's still acting like a puppy.

Fela is now 40 times
his birth weight,

and must concentrate on finding
the 500 calories he needs a day.

The quicker he realises
he's now on his own

and fully independent, the better.

The first snowfalls have arrived
on the hilltops already,

it's a real sign of things to come,

and it's a real reminder of how
little time Fela has.

Winter winds can top nearly
200km an hour,

and temperatures can drop
to 20 below.

He's so alert to everything,
every little movement!

He looks to be...

..searching the rocks for...

..I think, spiders.

Fela's instincts are kicking in.

I really came here to witness the
early days of Fela's independence,

and that's exactly
what I'm seeing right now.

Of course, you think, "Well,
a spider - it's not exactly like

"eating a sea bird or something."

But they're full of energy.

Full of nutrition.

And, if he gets enough of them,
it'll be plenty to sustain him.

In the remaining days of autumn,

Fela will eat as much as he can to
build up his fat reserves.

It's amazing how in just
a short time he's...

..gone from that sort of little
ball of fluff that first emerged

above the ground to the resourceful,
boisterous, bold character

that he's become.

He'll get through into next spring,

and then it will be time to find
a mate of his own.

And, hopefully, these valleys
will resound to his calls

in the years to come.

I think there's a good chance
they will.

It's June on the tropical
island of Sri Lanka.

In a northern province, lies
the bustling town of Polonnaruwa.

And, at its heart, the ruins
of the island's ancient capital.

A sanctuary that is home to over
1,000 endangered toque macaques.

Wildlife camerawoman Sue Gibson
is following

a very high-ranking infant
within one of the troops here.

A year ago, Sue filmed the alpha
female's newborn son, Jazir,

on his first day.

This is pretty unreal, actually.

I get treated with a little baby boy
who's just a few hours old.

Now at 12 months, Jazir is triple
his birth weight,

around 1.5kg.

Crikey, I really didn't expect him
to be...

..so different. He really does look
quite a lot bigger.

He looks really healthy.

Jazir has grown faster than other
babies in the troop,

thanks to his alpha mother.

As top ranking female, she gets
priority access to food,

and can provide the richest milk.

Sue is working with
Dr Wolfgang Dittus

from the Smithsonian Institute.

For almost half a century,

he has studied how rank affects
success in toque macaques.

So, being the son of an alpha
female has, you know, been,

really good for him up until now,
but the future's still uncertain.

He's done well - thanks to his mum -
to get this far, but now

it's going to be progressively more
his own ability to find food,

his fighting ability, getting others
to help him and helping others.

All those political skills
have yet to be learned by Jazir.

JAZIR CHIRPS AND SQUEAKS

Sue is already witnessing Jazir
moving away from his mum,

and feeding by himself.

This is great. Jazir foraging
on his own - on bugs and berries

and all those insects.

And that is a really important step.

MACAQUES SCREECH AND SQUEAL

He is learning to use
his bigger size to outmuscle

his smaller, lower ranking peers.

Giving him the time to discover
which food is best,

and where to find it.

Other frustrated infants
must wait their turn,

as Jazir crams extra into his
cheek pouches for later.

MACAQUES GIBBER

In macaque troops, frustration
can build into tension...

..and tension can boil over
into fights.

AGGRESSIVE CHITTERING

They have got some nasty canines.

And they are ONLY for
inflicting pain,

and not to help with eating.

MACAQUES SCREECH

Badly wounded macaques can drop
down the pecking order...

..or even die.

It's important Jazir watches
older males to learn how to read

these potentially dangerous
encounters to avoid getting hurt.

Exaggerated brow movements are used
to encourage friendly contact.

But tree shaking by the alpha
male tells others

they need to keep their distance.

That's really interesting.

That is a definite moment
I've not seen before.

Jazir jumping up and down
on a branch...

..like a lot of
the dominant males do.

That's a sign of power
and showing your authority.

And it's certainly good to see him
going through those motions

because it's something that he'll be
using in the years to come.

Jazir is practising skills
that could enforce his strength

and power amongst his peers.

But he still needs to learn the
final and most difficult lesson...

..diplomacy.

SQUEAKING AND SQUEALING

He's got a long way to go yet.

He really does need to become
socially independent of his mother,

meaning that he needs to form

alliances with older males,
especially.

Like all males,

Jazir must leave his family
in just a few years' time

to join another troop.

VEHICLE HORN BEEPS

And that means emigrating
to the hustle and bustle

of the urban sprawl.

I mean, this is Jazir's future.

He's going to be growing up
in a human-dominated world.

He is going to have to leave
the tranquillity and the sanctuary

of the temples.

And form - or join -
another troop outside of there,

and in this...
TRUCK HORN SOUNDS

..what feels, very chaotic
environment.

Life is tough outside the ruins,

as monkeys must steal and raid
from humans.

Often seen as pests, they can be
chased off or attacked.

TRAFFIC SOUNDS

These monkeys are taking
massive risks.

A third of young males don't survive
this dangerous transition.

But, by working with other males,

Jazir can improve his chances of
joining and thriving

within a new group.

What I really want to see is him
forging those new relationships

and allies with other members
of the troop.

Because, in a few years, when he
leaves, those relationships

are going to be vital
for his survival.

As the days pass...

..Jazir shows a softer side
to his character.

It feels like when he's with
his peers and others the same age,

or even, like, the slightly older
males...

..there's a bit of a different vibe.

MACAQUE SCREECHES

Jazir has joined a huddle,
and is grooming an older male.

This is the way male macaques
nurture new friendships.

Taking time to build close ties
now means Jazir is more likely

to get support later,
when it counts.

This is great, this is really
what I was hoping to see.

This intimacy between Jazir and the
other male macaques is real proof

that he's building those
essential bonds.

It's a huge step forward.

The chances of becoming
an alpha male are slim.

But the skills Jazir is mastering
now will give him the best shot...

..at ruling his own troop within
Polonnaruwa's ancient kingdom.

Some animal babies are born
with an ally...

..who can help them through
times of change.

The vast Mara-Serengeti ecosystem.

25,000 square kilometres
of grassland.

It's late August, and the great
migration has arrived...

..1.5 million wildebeest.

THUNDERING HOOVES

This is peak hunting time

for Africa's most successful
land predator...

..the spotted hyena.

HYENA WHOOPS

Spotted hyena clans are ruled by
the larger, more aggressive

adult females,
with a queen at the top.

In this clan of 60, the second
adult in command is Soup.

Bisque and Chowder are her
twin daughters.

They are now 11 months old.

Since birth, the sisters have relied
on the protection of their mother

and the safety of the den.

CUBS SQUEAK AND GIGGLE

Now, approaching the end of their
first year,

they've grown to 25kg...

..almost half adult size.

At this stage in their development,

they must learn the skills
to survive out on the savannah...

..where they will explore
beyond the den and their mother.

Vianet is tracking the cubs
during this critical time,

as they learn to identify
opportunity from danger.

They've grown up really big.

Let me see...

They look completely different to
what I left four months ago.

Vianet is working with Michigan
State University scientists.

They've studied hyenas here
for over 30 years, and know

what dangers the sisters will face.

Lions are definitely
the main threat to hyenas.

They are competitors, they're all
going after the same prey together.

Here - lions will actually scavenge
from hyenas slightly more often

than hyenas will scavenge
from lions.

And, also, because they are
competitors, they find cubs,

find hyena cubs,
they will kill hyena cubs.

Only half of hyena cubs will
survive to their first birthday.

Bisque and Chowder must learn
to spot and avoid lions

if they are to make it through.

At this age, the sisters
spend less time at the den.

They have started to explore
on their own.

Their territory stretches
over 3,000 hectares,

and it takes Vianet hours
to find them.

This is a really exciting moment
because it's time to...

..move away from the mother.

Exploring...

..their environment.

It's great.

Bisque and Chowder's
highly tuned senses are vital

to surviving this new world.

Sight is their primary tool
when hunting.

Scent is vital in identifying
whether they have strayed

into a rival clan's territory.

And they can hear hyena calls
from 5km away...

..enabling them to hone in on kills.

I think I've heard a call...

..at there.

Hyenas will call in others
to protect the carcass

from rival clans or lions.

But since an adult can consume
15 kilos at a time,

Bisque and Chowder may
not find much of it left.

Another cub has found
part of a kill.

And Bisque moves in to make
a challenge for it.

LOW WHINE AND GRUNTING

HYENAS SQUEAL AND LAUGH
Chowder joins the fight.

So now both sisters can
chase off the others

to keep hold of this meal.

This is the first time
I've seen this,

trying to crunch food, the bone.

They're becoming carnivore,
for sure.

Adult hyenas have reinforced,
oversized teeth

and a crushing bite to
pulverise bones.

The sisters need four years
to develop this phenomenal weaponry,

and must practice at every
opportunity.

But feeding alone, they are at their
most vulnerable to predators.

They're so young.

They're not quite clear yet what
danger is out there.

They can't see what Vianet can.

Just by this tree here...

..the big, male lion.

LION RUMBLES AND SNORTS

With their heads down,
focused only on feeding,

Bisque and Chowder are exposed.

VIANET GASPS

Might be trouble here.

Oh...oh...

LOW RUMBLING

LION SNARLS
HYENAS YELP

Right at that moment when the lion
was approaching,

my heart was just pounding!

Thinking it might come close and
just maybe kill one of those cubs.

This is what they are exposed to.

It's a threat they will have
to learn to live with day by day.

But, in their first year, the twins
have grown faster and bigger

than all the other cubs in the clan.

If they continue to look out for
each other, then the signs are

they will thrive here in
the Maasai Mara.

On California's rugged coast,
another animal baby must overcome

the challenges of
the busy, human world.

The town of Monterey is one
of the USA's top fishing ports,

and lands 10,000 tonnes of seafood
from the Pacific Ocean every year.

Seafood is also in demand
by southern sea otters living

along this stretch of coastline.

Once hunted to the edge
of extinction,

they now number just over 3,000.

Sea otters are one of the few
animals to master tool use...

..smashing open molluscs and
shellfish on rocks

they bring up to the surface.

It's a complex lesson for
any pup to master.

But to survive...

..they have to crack it.

SHELLFISH CRACKS

It's April, and Colin is in Monterey
following Limpet...

..a five-month-old pup who is fast
getting close to independence.

Limpet must master tool use soon,

because he'll have to leave
his mother in a matter of weeks.

He has grown a lot!

He's certainly looking much
bigger and bolder.

Limpet now weighs 11kg,
five times his birth weight.

Newborn sea otters can't
dive or swim.

For his first few weeks, Limpet
either floated on the surface

or was towed around on his mother...

..building an intense
one-to-one bond.

Male pups have a tendency to rely
more heavily on their mothers...

..but that bond will have to break.

Limpet is still feeding on
her milk...

..but she is rolling
to discourage him.

If she finds him too demanding,

she could now enforce weaning
and abandon him,

sooner rather than later,

leaving him unprepared.

Only half of sea otter pups
make it through their first year.

They always live on the edge,

and that's the thing about sea
otters around here.

They're in a resource limited
population where their food

is often hard to come by.

Michelle Steadler of
Monterey Bay Aquarium

has studied the otters
here for 30 years,

and understands the intense pressure
that the mothers are under.

They're still lactating - that takes
a lot of energy.

And then they're also giving the pup
a third of the prey items,

or the food items, that they bring
up from the bottom.

And so they're constantly giving,
giving to the pup,

and they get skinnier and
skinnier as time goes on.

So it's a big draw on their
energy resources.

But his next meal is delivered
by Mum again...

..a large burrowing marine
worm she dug up in the seabed.

COLIN: Yeah, every time she brings
something up,

he's going and grabbing it from her.

He should now be hunting by himself.

Limpet must reduce his
demands on his mother

by learning to bring food up.

Because, right now, she has to find
twice the amount of food

she needs for herself.

But there might be some hope.

April is squid season.

GULLS CRY

Millions of opalescens squid come
to spawn on the seabed here.

A massive seasonal boost
for the otters,

and also for fishing fleets that
work 24 hours a day.

This should be easy prey
for Limpet to practise on.

Oop, oh...!

Oh, look!

Finally, Limpet lands a catch.

That really proves
he's getting someplace.

But squid spawning only
lasts two weeks.

These easy pickings
will soon vanish.

To really succeed, Limpet must learn
how to find and open shellfish.

A complex procedure that his mother
seemingly performs with ease.

He's been watching his mum over
the months, watching her

manipulate all those shellfish, and
that's what I want to see him do.

I want to see him dive down to get
something, bring it up,

and actually open it up and eat it.

Because that's...

..that will really mean
that he's ready.

To master tool use, a pup first
needs to identify a tool.

Sea otters scour the seabed
for a suitable stone - or anvil -

which they store in a pocket
of skin under their arm.

Then, once they find a mollusc
to open, they bring both

to the surface, rest the rock on
their belly,

and begin bashing.

THUDDING SOUNDS

It takes a great deal of
manipulation, coordination,

force and energy to get to
the protein-rich and fatty contents.

Something Limpet has to get to grips
with, in the next few days,

to prevent his mother leaving him
too soon.

After a couple of days,
Limpet surfaces with a stone.

A tool.

That's great.

Wonderful.

All he needs is something to open.

He's got it!

A mussel.

STONE CLACKING

Good job!

Success. Look - he's got it open.

That's a really important
thing to see.

Fantastic.

And he's not just, you know,
copying his mum any more.

He's not just sort of going
through the motions.

He's actually making
his own decisions,

so he really has nailed it.

Limpet has reached a fundamental
milestone for a sea otter pup -

tool use.

Not only has he unlocked access
to a whole host of prey items

in the marine environment,
but, by taking some of the pressure

to find food off his mother,

he has bought himself valuable
time with her.

He will have a few more weeks
in her care and protection

to practise essential life skills...

..before he embarks on life
without her.

Then he'll join other newly weaned
pups to start a new adventure

on the coast of California.

The bonds between some babies
and their mothers

will last an entire lifetime.

It's October in Samburu,

the end of the dry season.

After five months of baking heat,

all life is desperate for the rains.

Baby African elephant Safina
is one year old.

This is her first dry season.

Her mother, Cyclone, is the
single-tusked matriarch of this herd

of three mothers and their young.

Each adult needs around
100kg of food each day,

and they will travel around
15km to find it.

But, during drought, mothers
can struggle to provide enough milk.

Safina must master her trunk if
she's to tackle all the different

foods she needs to survive
throughout the year.

Sue is following Safina to see
if she can learn the skills to adapt

when resources are limited.

During the dry season,

I'd like to see how much more
she's learning from the herd

and one of the things I'm looking
out for is how she uses her trunk.

A baby elephant cannot properly
feed or drink

without mastering its trunk.

As a newborn, Safina had very little
control of her trunk

but was able to use it to express
bonds of friendship.

As matriarch, Cyclone decides
where the herd feeds next

based on her 46 years of experience.

SHE GROWLS GENTLY

Without the rains, nutritious
grasses have withered and died.

The herd can only get enough food by
feeding on woody shrubs like acacia.

Stripping bark and leaves whilst
avoiding six-centimetre-long thorns

requires trunk strength
and dexterity.

Safina tries to mimic Mum.

She's got a lot to learn,
Safina, because

that trunk has got thousands of
muscles in it -

more than we have
in our entire body -

so you can imagine why that would
take so long to get a handle of.

For now, Safina continues
to suckle every three hours.

In her first year, her milk intake
has doubled

and she has tripled in size
to 300kg.

To keep growing and developing,
it is vital for Safina to learn

from the adults how to feed
on these plants.

And, at this age,

Safina is capable of learning
new behaviours rapidly.

Ear-spreading and charging
towards an unsuspecting victim...

SHE TRUMPETS

..makes her look bigger
and more aggressive.

She's getting feisty!

What's really interesting
about Safina's behaviour,

this mock charging, is that
this is learned behaviour.

It's not like a lot of other
animals, where it's instinctual.

She's actually copying what other
members of the herd have done.

During a charge, adults learn
to curl their trunk away

from any damaging impacts, something
Safina is still grappling with.

Safina gets most of her water
from milk, but the adults must find

up to 100 litres of water each,
every day.

Now, at the end of the dry season,
the only water source left

for all the elephants
in the region is what remains

of the Ewaso Ny'iro river.

Elephants don't drink
through their trunks like a straw.

They draw water up into their
trunks and then

spray that into their mouths.

Up to ten litres at a time.

But Safina is once again struggling
to co-ordinate her trunk.

Safina's got right down on her knees
to try and get in the water.

I think she's trying to take some
of it up just with her mouth,

not just her trunk.

She's going to have to learn
that's not the best way to do it.

She needs to copy Mum.

Once the herd's thirst is quenched,
Cyclone moves them on

in the relentless search for food.

As matriarch, she must call on her
encyclopaedic memory

to remember where enough food
can be found.

Safina is learning to map
her environment,

and she'll remember
all these routes...

..so, when she's older, she'll know
where to come for water,

where the best vegetation is.

Every day, Sue looks for signs
that Safina is developing

the trunk control to finally feed
herself during this dry time.

Young calves can learn to tackle
new foods by watching and testing

what others are eating.

Ooh.

Safina's really beginning
to master her trunk now,

if I think back
to a few months ago.

Stripping acacia branches,
which is quite a talent,

cos they're very spiky.

She's like a sponge, the way that
she sort of absorbs all this

information that's going on
around her.

The rains are arriving
and new shoots will soon emerge.

It will be at least another
year before Safina is able

to feed herself completely.

But Safina will be constantly
learning across a lifetime

that could span 70 years.

I'm optimistic Safina has the best
start in life with a mother

like Cyclone
because she's so experienced,

and, when she's her mother's age,

this world could have
changed so much.

But she'll have been equipped
with the best skills and knowledge

possible to hopefully adapt
to that changing world.

Within just a year, these animal
babies have transformed...

..from vulnerable newborns

into confident characters.

As they've grown, they have faced
a variety of challenges.

Overcoming their fiercest rivals...

..escaping from potential
disaster...

LOUD CRACK

..and learning the skills
to survive in their environment.

They have beaten the odds

and adapted to this
ever-changing world.

They are now ready to take
their next steps in the wild

at the end of their first year
on Earth.