All language subtitles for MegaStructures-0107-The-Worlds-Most-Powerful-Dam-Itaipu-Dam
Afrikaans
Albanian
Amharic
Arabic
Armenian
Azerbaijani
Basque
Belarusian
Bengali
Bosnian
Bulgarian
Catalan
Cebuano
Chichewa
Chinese (Simplified)
Chinese (Traditional)
Corsican
Czech
Danish
English
Esperanto
Estonian
Filipino
Finnish
French
Frisian
Galician
Georgian
German
Greek
Gujarati
Haitian Creole
Hausa
Hawaiian
Hebrew
Hindi
Hmong
Hungarian
Icelandic
Igbo
Indonesian
Irish
Italian
Japanese
Javanese
Kannada
Kazakh
Khmer
Korean
Kurdish (Kurmanji)
Kyrgyz
Lao
Latin
Latvian
Lithuanian
Luxembourgish
Macedonian
Malagasy
Malay
Malayalam
Maltese
Maori
Marathi
Mongolian
Myanmar (Burmese)
Nepali
Norwegian
Pashto
Persian
Polish
Portuguese
Punjabi
Romanian
Russian
Samoan
Scots Gaelic
Serbian
Sesotho
Shona
Sindhi
Sinhala
Slovak
Slovenian
Somali
Spanish
Sundanese
Swahili
Swedish
Tajik
Tamil
Telugu
Thai
Turkish
Ukrainian
Urdu
Uzbek
Vietnamese
Welsh
Xhosa
Yiddish
Yoruba
Zulu
Odia (Oriya)
Kinyarwanda
Turkmen
Tatar
Uyghur
Would you like to inspect the original subtitles? These are the user uploaded subtitles that are being translated:
1
00:00:03,209 --> 00:00:08,949
it's one of
the world's most ambitious
1
00:00:05,830 --> 00:00:11,410
engineering projects a massive
1
00:00:08,949 --> 00:00:14,820
hydroelectric dam
generating more
1
00:00:11,410 --> 00:00:18,160
kilowatts than any other on
the planet
1
00:00:14,820 --> 00:00:22,480
to build it
the path of a mighty South
1
00:00:18,160 --> 00:00:24,789
American River must be blocked thousands
1
00:00:22,480 --> 00:00:27,099
of acres of precious wild animal habitat
1
00:00:24,789 --> 00:00:32,739
and tens
of thousands of homes will
1
00:00:27,099 --> 00:00:34,890
disappear
in a huge flood 40,000 workers
1
00:00:32,738 --> 00:00:37,358
must battle against the forces of nature
1
00:00:34,890 --> 00:00:39,759
rocketing temperatures the constant
1
00:00:37,359 --> 00:00:43,780
threat
of killer floods behind it all
1
00:00:39,759 --> 00:00:46,250
the potential for catastrophe
1
00:00:43,780 --> 00:00:49,160
building the
Atty ku'Damm will take
1
00:00:46,250 --> 00:00:51,469
seven tough years and this giant quest
1
00:00:49,159 --> 00:00:53,768
for energy will demand a devastating
1
00:00:51,469 --> 00:00:53,768
price
1
00:00:56,490 --> 00:01:00,850
[Music]
1
00:00:59,049 --> 00:01:03,919
[Applause]
1
00:01:00,850 --> 00:01:03,920
[Music]
1
00:01:07,228 --> 00:01:13,810
the Rio paraná
at 4000 kilometers long
1
00:01:11,618 --> 00:01:16,359
it's South America's second biggest
1
00:01:13,810 --> 00:01:18,939
river out strict only by the mighty
1
00:01:16,359 --> 00:01:20,500
Amazon for part of its course
1
00:01:18,939 --> 00:01:24,039
the Piranha marks the border between
1
00:01:20,500 --> 00:01:26,200
brazil and paraguay here
1
00:01:24,040 --> 00:01:33,460
the
rivers path is barred by a man-made
1
00:01:26,200 --> 00:01:36,009
structure via Typhoon Dan it's the
1
00:01:33,459 --> 00:01:39,849
world's
most powerful hydroelectric dam
1
00:01:36,009 --> 00:01:42,250
it pumps out
90,000 gigawatts every year
1
00:01:39,849 --> 00:01:46,079
enough to power
Britain's capital city
1
00:01:42,250 --> 00:01:46,079
London
for over three years
1
00:01:47,629 --> 00:01:52,619
stretching for
seven kilometers it's two
1
00:01:50,640 --> 00:01:56,909
and
a half times longer than America's
1
00:01:52,620 --> 00:02:02,370
Golden Gate Bridge
and stands as high as
1
00:01:56,909 --> 00:02:05,310
a
sixty five storey building it's
1
00:02:02,370 --> 00:02:07,350
holding back
a body of water nearly 400
1
00:02:05,310 --> 00:02:10,920
times the area
of New York's Central
1
00:02:07,349 --> 00:02:14,280
Park water that plummets through the dam
1
00:02:10,919 --> 00:02:18,359
like a giant man-made waterfall to
1
00:02:14,280 --> 00:02:21,150
produce electricity it would take an
1
00:02:18,360 --> 00:02:23,400
army of 40,000
workers and twenty
1
00:02:21,150 --> 00:02:26,430
billion
dollars to build this monstrous
1
00:02:23,400 --> 00:02:29,280
structure almost
50 times the cost of
1
00:02:26,430 --> 00:02:31,530
the Hoover Dam italy's pierre assemble
1
00:02:29,280 --> 00:02:33,900
Nellie was one of the dams key engineers
1
00:02:31,530 --> 00:02:39,449
possibly we didn't realize how difficult
1
00:02:33,900 --> 00:02:43,200
the project was going to be it's in one
1
00:02:39,449 --> 00:02:45,479
of the remotest corners of the world but
1
00:02:43,199 --> 00:02:55,829
why
were the most ambitious and powerful
1
00:02:45,479 --> 00:03:00,839
dam on the planet be built here it's the
1
00:02:55,830 --> 00:03:03,299
1960s
and Brazil is booming its economy
1
00:03:00,840 --> 00:03:07,530
is growing by 10 percent a year but the
1
00:03:03,299 --> 00:03:09,689
population is surging to already over 70
1
00:03:07,530 --> 00:03:12,360
million
in three decades Brazil's
1
00:03:09,689 --> 00:03:14,669
population will hit 170 million and
1
00:03:12,360 --> 00:03:16,410
become one of the top
ten most populous
1
00:03:14,669 --> 00:03:18,379
countries in the world
1
00:03:16,409 --> 00:03:21,120
[Music]
1
00:03:18,379 --> 00:03:24,060
Brazil's
growth will create a spiraling
1
00:03:21,120 --> 00:03:26,009
demand for energy
the government must
1
00:03:24,060 --> 00:03:28,280
find a way to satisfy the
power-hungry
1
00:03:26,009 --> 00:03:36,149
masses of the future or face economic
1
00:03:28,280 --> 00:03:38,610
crisis but how the country hasn't got
1
00:03:36,150 --> 00:03:41,129
enough
oil and gas to head off an energy
1
00:03:38,610 --> 00:03:44,549
crisis
and it can't afford to spend big
1
00:03:41,129 --> 00:03:46,739
money on fuel imports but then someone
1
00:03:44,549 --> 00:03:49,170
has a
brain wave why not use a natural
1
00:03:46,739 --> 00:03:51,709
acid that's free and the Brazil has
1
00:03:49,169 --> 00:03:51,708
plenty of
1
00:03:51,818 --> 00:03:59,048
water the staggering
10% of all the
1
00:03:56,859 --> 00:04:01,689
fresh water in the world is found in
1
00:03:59,049 --> 00:04:03,700
Brazil it's 40 thousand kilometres of
1
00:04:01,688 --> 00:04:06,340
rivers
could reach right around the
1
00:04:03,699 --> 00:04:08,048
globe
if the vast potential of water
1
00:04:06,340 --> 00:04:10,780
could
be harnessed by hydroelectric
1
00:04:08,049 --> 00:04:16,660
technology energy demands could be met
1
00:04:10,780 --> 00:04:19,509
without costly fuel imports
Brazil is
1
00:04:16,660 --> 00:04:22,240
thinking
big the government wants one
1
00:04:19,509 --> 00:04:27,939
massive dam to supply a huge chunk of
1
00:04:22,240 --> 00:04:30,668
the nation's energy
demands finding the
1
00:04:27,939 --> 00:04:31,149
perfect site for such a big dam won't be
1
00:04:30,668 --> 00:04:33,279
easy
1
00:04:31,149 --> 00:04:35,469
the
rithm must have a volume of water
1
00:04:33,279 --> 00:04:38,138
great enough to produce the energy
1
00:04:35,470 --> 00:04:40,300
needed
it must flow through narrow banks
1
00:04:38,139 --> 00:04:42,160
and
it's bedrock must be strong enough
1
00:04:40,300 --> 00:04:50,639
to
take the massive weight of the dam
1
00:04:42,160 --> 00:04:50,639
walls
this is the obvious spot
1
00:04:51,680 --> 00:04:57,199
the
river iguazu feeds one of the
1
00:04:54,589 --> 00:04:59,478
biggest waterfalls in
brazil but it had
1
00:04:57,199 --> 00:05:03,050
only 1/8 of the water needed for the
1
00:04:59,478 --> 00:05:06,439
monster
dam one by one engineers check
1
00:05:03,050 --> 00:05:09,228
out 50 other sites none make the grade
1
00:05:06,439 --> 00:05:13,519
but
finally the perfect location is
1
00:05:09,228 --> 00:05:16,159
found
the river piranha is the seventh
1
00:05:13,519 --> 00:05:18,709
largest in
the world holding four times
1
00:05:16,160 --> 00:05:22,370
as much water as America's Colorado
1
00:05:18,709 --> 00:05:24,339
River at a spot called
it taipu it flows
1
00:05:22,370 --> 00:05:27,439
through a deep underwater Gorge
1
00:05:24,339 --> 00:05:30,500
geological surveys show that
the bedrock
1
00:05:27,439 --> 00:05:32,019
can bear enormous weight the engineers
1
00:05:30,500 --> 00:05:41,120
think
it's perfect
1
00:05:32,019 --> 00:05:43,399
but there's a huge obstacle the gorge
1
00:05:41,120 --> 00:05:49,639
sits right on the border between Brazil
1
00:05:43,399 --> 00:05:51,799
and it's old enemy
Paraguay in the 19th
1
00:05:49,639 --> 00:05:54,490
century
the two countries had fought in
1
00:05:51,800 --> 00:05:56,990
a bitter war
1
00:05:54,490 --> 00:06:01,120
araguaia lost half its territory and
1
00:05:56,990 --> 00:06:01,120
half its population
was killed
1
00:06:01,610 --> 00:06:06,300
even over
a hundred years later there
1
00:06:04,470 --> 00:06:11,849
was still mistrust between
the two
1
00:06:06,300 --> 00:06:14,280
peoples 1966 complex negotiations begin
1
00:06:11,848 --> 00:06:16,829
between the two countries for seven
1
00:06:14,279 --> 00:06:21,779
years the dam project hangs in the
1
00:06:16,829 --> 00:06:24,378
balance
but in the end the lure of vast
1
00:06:21,779 --> 00:06:28,709
supplies of energy
proves irresistible
1
00:06:24,379 --> 00:06:32,210
on the 26th of April 1973 Brazil and
1
00:06:28,709 --> 00:06:35,769
Paraguay finally sign a treaty
1
00:06:32,209 --> 00:06:38,209
via type of
damn gets the green light if
1
00:06:35,769 --> 00:06:40,159
everything
goes to plan it will outstrip
1
00:06:38,209 --> 00:06:44,599
some of the world's greatest
dam
1
00:06:40,160 --> 00:06:47,570
projects
it will be 18 times as long as
1
00:06:44,600 --> 00:06:51,259
the mighty Hoover Dam
and nine times as
1
00:06:47,569 --> 00:06:55,418
heavy most importantly it will produce
1
00:06:51,259 --> 00:06:55,419
six times as much
electricity
1
00:06:57,259 --> 00:07:03,469
but the most powerful hydro dam in the
1
00:06:59,689 --> 00:07:05,480
world will demand sacrifices blocking
1
00:07:03,470 --> 00:07:08,060
the Rio paraná will create a huge
1
00:07:05,480 --> 00:07:08,900
reservoir
needed to feed the electric
1
00:07:08,060 --> 00:07:11,269
turbines
1
00:07:08,899 --> 00:07:16,519
it will also submerge the
river valley
1
00:07:11,269 --> 00:07:19,039
under 100 metres of water a vast area of
1
00:07:16,519 --> 00:07:21,799
farmland and
forest must be flooded to
1
00:07:19,040 --> 00:07:29,300
feed the monster
Dam tens of thousands
1
00:07:21,800 --> 00:07:31,430
of
people will lose their homes and the
1
00:07:29,300 --> 00:07:35,540
habitats of thousands of animal species
1
00:07:31,430 --> 00:07:38,240
will disappear forever as the
entire
1
00:07:35,540 --> 00:07:39,730
pool project reaches the point of no
1
00:07:38,240 --> 00:07:43,528
return
1
00:07:39,730 --> 00:07:43,528
[Music]
1
00:07:43,949 --> 00:07:52,650
may 1975 old enemies Brazil and Paraguay
1
00:07:50,110 --> 00:07:54,939
have signed an historic pact
1
00:07:52,649 --> 00:07:58,719
construction begins to build the biggest
1
00:07:54,939 --> 00:08:00,810
hydro dam in
the world it will harness
1
00:07:58,720 --> 00:08:04,479
the power of the mighty piranha river
1
00:08:00,810 --> 00:08:06,910
the goal
an energy bonanza for both
1
00:08:04,478 --> 00:08:08,709
countries
the twenty billion dollar
1
00:08:06,910 --> 00:08:12,660
budget is
funded by the Brazil
1
00:08:08,709 --> 00:08:12,659
government and by foreign investors
1
00:08:12,810 --> 00:08:18,220
Engineers have found a site on the river
1
00:08:15,160 --> 00:08:20,560
that's perfect
for the dam but to build
1
00:08:18,220 --> 00:08:22,150
it
they must first divert the piranhas
1
00:08:20,560 --> 00:08:26,250
from the course it is flowed for
1
00:08:22,149 --> 00:08:29,228
thousands of years
and reroute it a
1
00:08:26,250 --> 00:08:33,370
massive diversion
channel must be carved
1
00:08:29,228 --> 00:08:36,338
through
the rock of the riverbank its
1
00:08:33,370 --> 00:08:40,179
job to temporarily divert the river
away
1
00:08:36,339 --> 00:08:43,180
from the dam construction
site add two
1
00:08:40,179 --> 00:08:45,129
kilometres long and 80 metres deep it
1
00:08:43,179 --> 00:08:49,359
will be the biggest diversion channel
1
00:08:45,129 --> 00:08:52,149
ever attempted but if it fails to divert
1
00:08:49,360 --> 00:08:54,509
the river correctly the whole project
is
1
00:08:52,149 --> 00:08:54,509
due
1
00:08:54,698 --> 00:09:00,289
Piero's a Benelli is the engineer in
1
00:08:57,230 --> 00:09:04,490
charge of building the channel it was a
1
00:09:00,289 --> 00:09:07,458
mighty struggle that
we fought the
1
00:09:04,490 --> 00:09:10,129
Piranha was the most difficult diversion
1
00:09:07,458 --> 00:09:13,209
ever tried
1
00:09:10,129 --> 00:09:13,210
[Music]
1
00:09:14,250 --> 00:09:23,019
second of May 1975 building the entitled
1
00:09:18,970 --> 00:09:25,949
a begins first job to dig the
channel
1
00:09:23,019 --> 00:09:25,948
diverting the
river
1
00:09:26,590 --> 00:09:33,910
it will take
three years of explosives
1
00:09:30,570 --> 00:09:37,800
the chemical diggers
and sheer brute
1
00:09:33,909 --> 00:09:37,799
force
to slice through the rock
1
00:09:38,190 --> 00:09:43,560
meanwhile others are counting the
1
00:09:40,659 --> 00:09:46,899
environmental cost of such a big
dam
1
00:09:43,559 --> 00:09:48,699
once built
via taipu dam will turn the
1
00:09:46,899 --> 00:09:51,699
Parana River Valley into
a giant
1
00:09:48,700 --> 00:09:54,040
reservoir
an area twice the size of
1
00:09:51,700 --> 00:09:58,180
Chicago
will be flooded with water to a
1
00:09:54,039 --> 00:10:00,759
depth of
a hundred meters as the dig
1
00:09:58,179 --> 00:10:05,679
gets underway
environmental consultants
1
00:10:00,759 --> 00:10:07,629
are drafted in their
task to assess what
1
00:10:05,679 --> 00:10:10,620
wild
animals and plants can be saved
1
00:10:07,629 --> 00:10:10,620
from the
coming flood
1
00:10:12,320 --> 00:10:17,480
it's the first dam project to
attempt a
1
00:10:15,169 --> 00:10:21,019
major rescue
class but at this stage
1
00:10:17,480 --> 00:10:25,399
there are only 17 people involved mostly
1
00:10:21,019 --> 00:10:28,100
volunteers
Brazilian fair now Cavanaugh
1
00:10:25,399 --> 00:10:29,809
was one of the
team it was the beginning
1
00:10:28,100 --> 00:10:32,269
of the environmental movement all around
1
00:10:29,809 --> 00:10:35,088
the world but regulations weren't as
1
00:10:32,269 --> 00:10:39,799
strict and legal
requirements as tough
1
00:10:35,089 --> 00:10:41,959
as they are today it's a race
against
1
00:10:39,799 --> 00:10:43,818
the clock if the rescue plan isn't
1
00:10:41,958 --> 00:10:46,578
completed before
the valley is flooded
1
00:10:43,818 --> 00:10:48,528
thousands
of animals will perish and any
1
00:10:46,578 --> 00:10:50,958
endangered species living here could be
1
00:10:48,528 --> 00:10:54,318
put at risk
and the work is time
1
00:10:50,958 --> 00:10:56,629
consuming venture capital spawn toys the
1
00:10:54,318 --> 00:10:58,789
survey
basically consisted of walking
1
00:10:56,629 --> 00:11:02,000
through the woods and sighting the
1
00:10:58,789 --> 00:11:05,629
animals
looking for their foot tracks
1
00:11:02,000 --> 00:11:05,629
[Music]
1
00:11:06,230 --> 00:11:12,360
but people
lived here too
1
00:11:08,820 --> 00:11:14,400
some 40,000 of them whole
villages and
1
00:11:12,360 --> 00:11:16,529
small farms some of them home to
1
00:11:14,399 --> 00:11:19,350
families for
generations will be lost
1
00:11:16,529 --> 00:11:22,139
forever beneath
the floodwater they must
1
00:11:19,350 --> 00:11:24,690
be compensated but the authorities need
1
00:11:22,139 --> 00:11:26,519
to know how much
to pay out it's one of
1
00:11:24,690 --> 00:11:29,220
the
world's biggest ever real estate
1
00:11:26,519 --> 00:11:31,340
valuations
and it takes four years to
1
00:11:29,220 --> 00:11:31,340
complete
1
00:11:34,120 --> 00:11:39,560
first the whole area is photographed
1
00:11:37,129 --> 00:11:42,080
from
the air to survey homes and
1
00:11:39,559 --> 00:11:46,009
farmland
but that doesn't give enough
1
00:11:42,080 --> 00:11:48,110
information to
calculate compensation to
1
00:11:46,009 --> 00:11:50,330
get more
detailed they must send an army
1
00:11:48,110 --> 00:11:54,460
of photographers on foot
to scour every
1
00:11:50,330 --> 00:11:54,460
square metre of the parameter value
1
00:11:54,870 --> 00:11:59,669
these men and
women are on a mission
1
00:11:56,970 --> 00:12:03,320
they have to get an accurate valuation
1
00:11:59,669 --> 00:12:06,860
of every home and its surrounding land
1
00:12:03,320 --> 00:12:09,960
everything is recorded and photographed
1
00:12:06,860 --> 00:12:13,050
our better friends values hundreds of
1
00:12:09,960 --> 00:12:15,660
homes
medjool south guard houses were
1
00:12:13,049 --> 00:12:18,120
measured described and photographed one
1
00:12:15,659 --> 00:12:20,219
by one
would you film and all belongings
1
00:12:18,120 --> 00:12:24,360
even if it was just a stool it was
1
00:12:20,220 --> 00:12:26,879
photograph work while the valuation
1
00:12:24,360 --> 00:12:28,529
process is taking forever but digging of
1
00:12:26,879 --> 00:12:30,559
the diversion
channel is right on
1
00:12:28,529 --> 00:12:30,559
schedule
1
00:12:30,649 --> 00:12:35,579
three years after digging began
1
00:12:33,120 --> 00:12:37,860
engineers are all set to
demolish the
1
00:12:35,580 --> 00:12:39,870
channels concrete seals
and send the
1
00:12:37,860 --> 00:12:42,500
great Parana River
pouring down the
1
00:12:39,870 --> 00:12:42,500
channel
1
00:12:43,139 --> 00:12:50,350
8 a.m. on October the 20th 1978 dynamite
1
00:12:48,549 --> 00:12:53,979
charges are set at each end of the
1
00:12:50,350 --> 00:12:56,139
channel
it's a tense moment if the
1
00:12:53,980 --> 00:12:59,730
explosion damages the channel
it could
1
00:12:56,139 --> 00:12:59,730
set the
project back years
1
00:13:00,590 --> 00:13:06,280
[Music]
1
00:13:08,789 --> 00:13:12,279
[Music]
1
00:13:12,750 --> 00:13:20,450
it was a
fantastic moment incredible the
1
00:13:16,500 --> 00:13:20,450
blast was like a
firework
1
00:13:24,669 --> 00:13:31,329
it's working the mighty
piranha is
1
00:13:28,750 --> 00:13:33,460
thundering down
its new course it's a
1
00:13:31,330 --> 00:13:35,440
momentous achievement
the otaku
1
00:13:33,460 --> 00:13:38,860
engineers have altered the path of one
1
00:13:35,440 --> 00:13:40,810
of South America's
biggest rivers but
1
00:13:38,860 --> 00:13:43,419
it's only phase one of the diversion
1
00:13:40,809 --> 00:13:47,439
some water still flows down the old
1
00:13:43,419 --> 00:13:49,779
riverbed next huge
temporary dams called
1
00:13:47,440 --> 00:13:51,610
coffer dams must be built to force all
1
00:13:49,779 --> 00:13:53,850
the water down the diversion
channel
1
00:13:51,610 --> 00:13:56,769
away from the dam construction
site
1
00:13:53,850 --> 00:13:59,259
they're made by dumping huge pieces of
1
00:13:56,769 --> 00:14:03,460
rock into the river until the flow is
1
00:13:59,259 --> 00:14:05,799
stopped the coffer dams might only be
1
00:14:03,460 --> 00:14:07,960
temporary but British engineer Bill beef
1
00:14:05,799 --> 00:14:10,449
knows how secure they have to be
1
00:14:07,960 --> 00:14:12,580
coffered and prevent the river from
1
00:14:10,450 --> 00:14:14,920
flowing
into the area where the dam is
1
00:14:12,580 --> 00:14:16,720
being built
should these collapse during
1
00:14:14,919 --> 00:14:19,959
construction
that would be a total
1
00:14:16,720 --> 00:14:22,389
disaster
Brazil has some of the most
1
00:14:19,960 --> 00:14:24,550
torrential rainfall in the world and
1
00:14:22,389 --> 00:14:27,000
rising water
could put the copper dams
1
00:14:24,549 --> 00:14:29,859
under
pressure or even burst the walls
1
00:14:27,000 --> 00:14:33,919
that would bring a devastating wall of
1
00:14:29,860 --> 00:14:36,079
water
down on hundreds of workers
1
00:14:33,919 --> 00:14:38,509
the engineers
hoped that they would have
1
00:14:36,078 --> 00:14:42,858
enough warning
of rising river levels to
1
00:14:38,509 --> 00:14:45,289
safely evacuate workers until the main
1
00:14:42,859 --> 00:14:46,759
dam walls are built
all that stands
1
00:14:45,289 --> 00:14:58,818
between the workers and the threat of
1
00:14:46,759 --> 00:15:01,428
flood is a wall of
trouble with the
1
00:14:58,818 --> 00:15:03,769
river piranhas
now fully diverted the
1
00:15:01,428 --> 00:15:08,019
biggest job of
all building the huge
1
00:15:03,769 --> 00:15:10,759
walls of via type of dam can begin
a
1
00:15:08,019 --> 00:15:12,918
hydroelectric dam works by dropping
1
00:15:10,759 --> 00:15:15,759
water on
two turbines making them turn
1
00:15:12,918 --> 00:15:18,708
at great speed to create electricity a
1
00:15:15,759 --> 00:15:22,058
taller that
dam the greater the drop and
1
00:15:18,708 --> 00:15:22,058
the more power is produced
1
00:15:22,210 --> 00:15:26,200
it type
whose engineers know that the
1
00:15:24,399 --> 00:15:28,629
water
in the dam must fall a full
1
00:15:26,200 --> 00:15:31,720
hundred meters to produce the promised
1
00:15:28,629 --> 00:15:35,230
record-breaking amounts of power but the
1
00:15:31,720 --> 00:15:37,690
riverbed is only 50 meters deep their
1
00:15:35,230 --> 00:15:43,149
solution
build a series of secondary
1
00:15:37,690 --> 00:15:45,550
dams these will raise the height of the
1
00:15:43,149 --> 00:15:49,179
main concrete
central dam and make it
1
00:15:45,549 --> 00:15:51,219
tall enough
to do the job it means
1
00:15:49,179 --> 00:15:57,929
running the dam structure right across
1
00:15:51,220 --> 00:16:02,490
the valley for
seven kilometres awesome
1
00:15:57,929 --> 00:16:05,409
1975
work starts on the secondary down
1
00:16:02,490 --> 00:16:07,180
meanwhile
the valuation of the houses
1
00:16:05,409 --> 00:16:10,350
farmed and land in
the river valley
1
00:16:07,179 --> 00:16:12,849
which the dam will flood is completed
1
00:16:10,350 --> 00:16:15,009
Brazilian and Paraguayan authorities
1
00:16:12,850 --> 00:16:17,500
learn that before they can submerge the
1
00:16:15,009 --> 00:16:21,669
area they must buy up
eight and a half
1
00:16:17,500 --> 00:16:24,220
thousand homes and farms the cost half a
1
00:16:21,669 --> 00:16:26,049
billion dollars
in today's money that's
1
00:16:24,220 --> 00:16:29,879
on top of
the twenty billion dollars
1
00:16:26,049 --> 00:16:29,879
that dam itself will cost to build
1
00:16:30,350 --> 00:16:35,249
offers of compensation are rushed out
1
00:16:32,909 --> 00:16:38,370
most are accepted but a handful of
1
00:16:35,249 --> 00:16:41,620
people mount legal challenges
1
00:16:38,370 --> 00:16:41,620
[Music]
1
00:16:41,669 --> 00:16:46,509
but
engineers are more worried about
1
00:16:44,350 --> 00:16:49,060
keeping the secondary dams on schedule
1
00:16:46,509 --> 00:16:52,179
they desperately need more workers an
1
00:16:49,059 --> 00:16:55,059
army of them yet the
Piranha Valley is
1
00:16:52,179 --> 00:16:58,120
sparsely populated and remote it's only
1
00:16:55,059 --> 00:17:00,429
town
Foz do Iguassu is a small frontier
1
00:16:58,120 --> 00:17:04,500
settlement the nearest big city Sao
1
00:17:00,429 --> 00:17:06,940
Paulo
is a thousand kilometers away
1
00:17:04,500 --> 00:17:08,799
project managers must choreograph a
1
00:17:06,940 --> 00:17:11,620
massive
migration of workers into the
1
00:17:08,799 --> 00:17:15,149
area they bus in tens of thousands of
1
00:17:11,619 --> 00:17:15,149
workers
from all over Brazil
1
00:17:16,440 --> 00:17:20,769
everything a large town needs from
1
00:17:18,849 --> 00:17:24,069
schools and
hospitals to churches and
1
00:17:20,769 --> 00:17:26,170
kindergartens has to be built new
1
00:17:24,069 --> 00:17:31,389
housing estates are built just
for dam
1
00:17:26,170 --> 00:17:33,130
workers massive catering production
1
00:17:31,390 --> 00:17:36,670
lines are set up to
see the
1
00:17:33,130 --> 00:17:39,370
ever-increasing
number of workers the
1
00:17:36,670 --> 00:17:41,680
town of Foz do Iguassu
is growing at an
1
00:17:39,369 --> 00:17:44,679
incredible rate we're really talking
1
00:17:41,680 --> 00:17:47,789
about
moving into a one-horse town with
1
00:17:44,680 --> 00:17:50,820
something like
30,000 workers
1
00:17:47,789 --> 00:17:54,859
what was once a tiny backwater
becomes a
1
00:17:50,819 --> 00:17:54,859
gold rush
town practically overnight
1
00:17:59,390 --> 00:18:04,770
while the new workers set to work on
the
1
00:18:02,490 --> 00:18:06,509
secondary dams
the engineers are
1
00:18:04,769 --> 00:18:08,940
wrestling with
the design for the vast
1
00:18:06,509 --> 00:18:13,140
main dam that will block the river at
1
00:18:08,940 --> 00:18:15,690
its deepest point all dams must be
1
00:18:13,140 --> 00:18:18,090
capable
of one thing they must resist
1
00:18:15,690 --> 00:18:20,880
the unimaginably vast pressure of the
1
00:18:18,089 --> 00:18:23,519
water
in the reservoir behind them where
1
00:18:20,880 --> 00:18:25,590
geography allows dams can be simple
1
00:18:23,519 --> 00:18:28,470
walls
anchored to the surrounding rock
1
00:18:25,589 --> 00:18:32,250
but
it's hypu has no such help from the
1
00:18:28,470 --> 00:18:34,529
terrain it must stand alone so it title
1
00:18:32,250 --> 00:18:39,720
must follow a design that relies solely
1
00:18:34,529 --> 00:18:42,960
on
its own weight Engineers call if the
1
00:18:39,720 --> 00:18:45,089
gravity
dam the idea is to make the
1
00:18:42,960 --> 00:18:48,660
structure
so heavy the water simply
1
00:18:45,089 --> 00:18:52,500
can't move it the work the dam will have
1
00:18:48,660 --> 00:18:54,600
to weigh 61 million
tons but the dam is
1
00:18:52,500 --> 00:18:57,329
only as good as its foundation the
1
00:18:54,599 --> 00:18:59,219
bedrock must be incredibly strong
any
1
00:18:57,329 --> 00:19:03,649
weaknesses could cause the dam to
1
00:18:59,220 --> 00:19:03,650
collapse
and unthinkable disaster
1
00:19:05,239 --> 00:19:10,829
the engineers have
undertaken a detailed
1
00:19:08,098 --> 00:19:14,009
survey
the results are good the dams
1
00:19:10,829 --> 00:19:15,778
foundations are sound
and the engineers
1
00:19:14,009 --> 00:19:18,899
have a money-saving
trick of their
1
00:19:15,778 --> 00:19:20,970
sleeve
a Dan made out of solid concrete
1
00:19:18,898 --> 00:19:24,959
would
weigh more than it needs to and
1
00:19:20,970 --> 00:19:28,649
add huge unnecessary costs they plan to
1
00:19:24,960 --> 00:19:30,479
make the main down walls hollow as long
1
00:19:28,648 --> 00:19:32,038
as it has enough weight it will resist
1
00:19:30,479 --> 00:19:34,590
the water pressures that does not mean
1
00:19:32,038 --> 00:19:36,658
that it has
to be absolutely solid it
1
00:19:34,589 --> 00:19:40,138
can be hollow and still with the water
1
00:19:36,659 --> 00:19:42,359
pressure making
the dam hollow means its
1
00:19:40,138 --> 00:19:45,329
base can
be made even wider with the
1
00:19:42,358 --> 00:19:48,118
same amount of
concrete and the walls
1
00:19:45,329 --> 00:19:50,249
will slope more gently pushing the water
1
00:19:48,118 --> 00:19:53,098
pressure down to the base where the dam
1
00:19:50,249 --> 00:19:55,079
is
strongest it also means the power
1
00:19:53,098 --> 00:19:58,319
generating equipment
can be housed
1
00:19:55,079 --> 00:20:00,978
inside the
dam itself it's a clever
1
00:19:58,319 --> 00:20:00,979
solution
1
00:20:02,990 --> 00:20:09,720
June 1979 preparation for the main dam
1
00:20:07,529 --> 00:20:13,099
is well underway
and the managers are
1
00:20:09,720 --> 00:20:13,100
determined to
stay on schedule
1
00:20:14,960 --> 00:20:22,340
everything is going smoothly but then
1
00:20:18,480 --> 00:20:25,710
the work comes to an abrupt standstill
1
00:20:22,339 --> 00:20:28,799
there's a problem with the bedrock the
1
00:20:25,710 --> 00:20:30,870
people that dug into the foundations we
1
00:20:28,799 --> 00:20:32,879
discovered in fact that the
count
1
00:20:30,869 --> 00:20:37,709
divisions weren't exactly at what we had
1
00:20:32,880 --> 00:20:39,900
expected
it's disastrous Meuse the
1
00:20:37,710 --> 00:20:40,500
survey gave the bedrock a clean bill of
1
00:20:39,900 --> 00:20:42,630
health
1
00:20:40,500 --> 00:20:45,150
but now
engineers have come across a
1
00:20:42,630 --> 00:20:48,990
weak layer of crumbling
rock like a
1
00:20:45,150 --> 00:20:50,940
rotten
tooth 20 meters down the
1
00:20:48,990 --> 00:20:53,309
engineers fear that it won't
support the
1
00:20:50,940 --> 00:20:57,150
weight of
the dam if they carry on
1
00:20:53,309 --> 00:20:59,159
building the dam will collapse tunnels
1
00:20:57,150 --> 00:21:01,290
are dug down through
the rock so that
1
00:20:59,160 --> 00:21:06,120
engineers can investigate the suspect
1
00:21:01,289 --> 00:21:08,309
layer only a thorough underground
1
00:21:06,119 --> 00:21:11,219
inspection will reveal the scale of the
1
00:21:08,309 --> 00:21:14,879
problem
they pray it's just one bad
1
00:21:11,220 --> 00:21:18,569
pocket of
rock engineer Corrado PSN team
1
00:21:14,880 --> 00:21:21,180
probes
the secrets of the bedrock this
1
00:21:18,569 --> 00:21:23,849
is the good Rock and this is the joint
1
00:21:21,180 --> 00:21:27,460
and weak Rock as you can see it's very
1
00:21:23,849 --> 00:21:30,259
soft not good for the foundation
1
00:21:27,460 --> 00:21:32,480
the crumbling
rock stretches right
1
00:21:30,259 --> 00:21:35,419
through the dams planned foundations
1
00:21:32,480 --> 00:21:38,589
building an 11 million ton dam on top of
1
00:21:35,419 --> 00:21:40,700
this would
be criminally irresponsible
1
00:21:38,589 --> 00:21:44,359
engineers need to come up with a
1
00:21:40,700 --> 00:21:46,610
solution and fast workers stand idle
1
00:21:44,359 --> 00:21:48,009
while
engineers and geologists wrestle
1
00:21:46,609 --> 00:21:51,109
with the problem
1
00:21:48,009 --> 00:21:54,048
finally a hatch a plan that might just
1
00:21:51,109 --> 00:21:58,250
work
they can't build on the crumbling
1
00:21:54,048 --> 00:22:01,190
rock layer but can they replace it like
1
00:21:58,250 --> 00:22:03,409
demonic dentists
the engineers drill out
1
00:22:01,190 --> 00:22:08,298
the decaying
rock and give it a massive
1
00:22:03,409 --> 00:22:10,970
filling with extra strong concrete it's
1
00:22:08,298 --> 00:22:14,869
doing the trick
but the extra work will
1
00:22:10,970 --> 00:22:17,279
take
months and add 20 million dollars
1
00:22:14,869 --> 00:22:18,789
to the budget
1
00:22:17,279 --> 00:22:21,200
[Music]
1
00:22:18,789 --> 00:22:23,389
fixing the crumbling
rock layer could
1
00:22:21,200 --> 00:22:25,779
put the whole damn building
schedule in
1
00:22:23,390 --> 00:22:25,780
jeopardy
1
00:22:26,710 --> 00:22:31,269
and the
relentless heat of the Brazilian
1
00:22:29,079 --> 00:22:34,740
Sun is about
to give the engineers
1
00:22:31,269 --> 00:22:34,740
another headache
1
00:22:39,269 --> 00:22:45,970
May 1982 the 40,000 workers building the
1
00:22:44,259 --> 00:22:47,920
Atty poo dam in the heart of South
1
00:22:45,970 --> 00:22:51,360
America
have been grappling with a
1
00:22:47,920 --> 00:22:53,529
potentially catastrophic problem
1
00:22:51,359 --> 00:22:55,569
fractured bedrock beneath the
1
00:22:53,529 --> 00:23:01,389
foundations could cause the massively
1
00:22:55,569 --> 00:23:03,789
heavy structure to
collapse at stake the
1
00:23:01,390 --> 00:23:06,549
supply
of energy to Brazil's future
1
00:23:03,789 --> 00:23:09,119
generations
engineers have come up with
1
00:23:06,548 --> 00:23:12,369
a
solution and it seems to be working
1
00:23:09,119 --> 00:23:14,829
like
a bad tooth the rotten Rock layer
1
00:23:12,369 --> 00:23:16,899
beneath
the Atty poop dam site is being
1
00:23:14,829 --> 00:23:19,509
drilled and filled with extra strong
1
00:23:16,900 --> 00:23:22,900
concrete so that it will take the weight
1
00:23:19,509 --> 00:23:26,069
of the dam at the same time work on the
1
00:23:22,900 --> 00:23:29,019
dams giant central walls continues
1
00:23:26,069 --> 00:23:32,019
workers must construct
18 concrete
1
00:23:29,019 --> 00:23:35,710
blocks each four times as high as New
1
00:23:32,019 --> 00:23:39,039
York Statue of Liberty every block will
1
00:23:35,710 --> 00:23:41,169
be
cast separately huge steel structures
1
00:23:39,039 --> 00:23:45,099
are erected to receive the concrete and
1
00:23:41,169 --> 00:23:47,200
hold it in
place to live set but it's
1
00:23:45,099 --> 00:23:49,899
not just
the scale of the job that sets
1
00:23:47,200 --> 00:23:52,240
the engineers a major challenge
if they
1
00:23:49,900 --> 00:23:56,769
pour this amount of concrete the usual
1
00:23:52,240 --> 00:23:59,048
way it just
won't set properly when
1
00:23:56,769 --> 00:24:02,319
concrete
set the cement reacts with
1
00:23:59,048 --> 00:24:04,539
water creating
heat in smaller concrete
1
00:24:02,319 --> 00:24:08,048
blocks
the core temperature cools and
1
00:24:04,539 --> 00:24:09,970
sets relatively quickly but in massive
1
00:24:08,048 --> 00:24:13,150
blocks of concrete
the core temperature
1
00:24:09,970 --> 00:24:15,308
stays high longer
and as the surface
1
00:24:13,150 --> 00:24:17,679
cools and sets at a faster rate
than the
1
00:24:15,308 --> 00:24:21,660
core
hundreds of cracks can appear
1
00:24:17,679 --> 00:24:21,660
fatally weakening the concrete
1
00:24:22,589 --> 00:24:28,329
and that's not the
only problem
1
00:24:25,179 --> 00:24:31,390
temperatures here can
easily saw past 40
1
00:24:28,329 --> 00:24:33,339
degrees
centigrade if the huge blocks
1
00:24:31,390 --> 00:24:35,950
were allowed
to set in the Sun they
1
00:24:33,339 --> 00:24:40,678
could reach more than
90 degrees this
1
00:24:35,950 --> 00:24:40,679
too would cause weak spots and cracks
1
00:24:43,440 --> 00:24:49,269
Engineers conduct test after test on
1
00:24:46,569 --> 00:24:52,689
concrete
set in these conditions to see
1
00:24:49,269 --> 00:24:54,730
how it reacts
to extreme pressure even
1
00:24:52,690 --> 00:24:57,640
good
concrete has a breaking point
1
00:24:54,730 --> 00:25:03,538
concrete
drive by the Sun will be much
1
00:24:57,640 --> 00:25:03,538
weaker a solution must be found
1
00:25:06,869 --> 00:25:11,419
the engineers have
been wrestling with
1
00:25:09,029 --> 00:25:12,539
the concrete problem
their answer
1
00:25:11,420 --> 00:25:15,830
refrigeration
1
00:25:12,539 --> 00:25:15,829
on a vast
scale
1
00:25:16,589 --> 00:25:26,249
two huge cooling plants will chill every
1
00:25:20,128 --> 00:25:30,658
gram of concrete engineer
are Alberto
1
00:25:26,249 --> 00:25:33,720
Janu recalls the scene yet Allah Allah
1
00:25:30,659 --> 00:25:37,320
well our stone was washed with icy water
1
00:25:33,720 --> 00:25:39,659
and blasted with cold air using a large
1
00:25:37,319 --> 00:25:41,878
number of ice chips we were able to
1
00:25:39,659 --> 00:25:45,330
produce concrete
with a mean temperature
1
00:25:41,878 --> 00:25:48,089
of just four degrees and because we had
1
00:25:45,329 --> 00:25:50,730
an efficient transportation system
the
1
00:25:48,089 --> 00:25:52,528
concrete
only reached seven degrees by
1
00:25:50,730 --> 00:25:59,730
the
time we were pouring it into the
1
00:25:52,528 --> 00:26:02,398
molds
we are in a rocket the scale of
1
00:25:59,730 --> 00:26:04,649
the refrigeration job is vast
the two
1
00:26:02,398 --> 00:26:08,719
fonts have the cooling capacity of over
1
00:26:04,648 --> 00:26:08,719
50,000 domestic freezers
1
00:26:09,509 --> 00:26:15,490
by June 1982
the race is on to stay on
1
00:26:13,299 --> 00:26:19,180
schedule
for the dams completion in just
1
00:26:15,490 --> 00:26:21,730
three months
time seven vast overhead
1
00:26:19,180 --> 00:26:24,370
cableways now feed the dams insatiable
1
00:26:21,730 --> 00:26:27,190
hunger for concrete from six huge
1
00:26:24,369 --> 00:26:29,199
production plants this
the mantle is
1
00:26:27,190 --> 00:26:31,809
being trucked in over a thousands
of
1
00:26:29,200 --> 00:26:38,559
kilometres at one time something like
1
00:26:31,809 --> 00:26:43,359
about 140 ton truck every 20 minutes was
1
00:26:38,559 --> 00:26:45,279
coming in with cement 40,000 people are
1
00:26:43,359 --> 00:26:49,359
working at a pace equivalent to raising
1
00:26:45,279 --> 00:26:51,910
a
20-story building every 55 minutes as
1
00:26:49,359 --> 00:26:54,329
the project near zero hour
1
00:26:51,910 --> 00:26:56,860
the pace is
increasingly serious
1
00:26:54,329 --> 00:26:59,589
Adalberto chinnu ran the work schedule
1
00:26:56,859 --> 00:27:01,779
in order off our key and during
1
00:26:59,589 --> 00:27:04,929
construction
we had really tight
1
00:27:01,779 --> 00:27:10,029
deadlines we worked in two shifts
of 12
1
00:27:04,930 --> 00:27:12,200
hours for
almost 360 days a year yes for
1
00:27:10,029 --> 00:27:15,269
I mean
1
00:27:12,200 --> 00:27:17,269
as the
countdown to the dams completion
1
00:27:15,269 --> 00:27:19,168
and
the valley flooding begins
1
00:27:17,269 --> 00:27:22,349
conservationists begin their evacuation
1
00:27:19,169 --> 00:27:25,169
of wildlife they hope to save thirty
1
00:27:22,349 --> 00:27:27,599
thousand animals relocating them to new
1
00:27:25,169 --> 00:27:29,700
areas or to wildlife sanctuary
1
00:27:27,599 --> 00:27:31,918
the rescue team knows that
it's a race
1
00:27:29,700 --> 00:27:35,659
against time to save
as many animals as
1
00:27:31,919 --> 00:27:35,659
possible before the flood
1
00:27:36,929 --> 00:27:41,320
at the same time
the massive task of
1
00:27:39,909 --> 00:27:43,480
relocating over eight
and a half
1
00:27:41,319 --> 00:27:50,428
thousand families is underway
1
00:27:43,480 --> 00:27:52,690
[Music]
1
00:27:50,429 --> 00:27:55,600
compensation claims have been
settled in
1
00:27:52,690 --> 00:27:58,410
lengthy negotiations and
court cases
1
00:27:55,599 --> 00:28:01,269
[Music]
1
00:27:58,410 --> 00:28:03,070
some have been given money
others will
1
00:28:01,269 --> 00:28:04,500
be given a similar property and land
1
00:28:03,069 --> 00:28:08,848
elsewhere
1
00:28:04,500 --> 00:28:08,848
[Music]
1
00:28:09,250 --> 00:28:13,640
some of these families
have lived and
1
00:28:11,869 --> 00:28:16,299
farmed in the
Parana valley for
1
00:28:13,640 --> 00:28:16,300
generations
1
00:28:20,849 --> 00:28:37,689
for many it's a devastating
moment as
1
00:28:24,430 --> 00:28:40,150
they leave their homes
forever the seven
1
00:28:37,690 --> 00:28:42,480
kilometer string of dams is finally
1
00:28:40,150 --> 00:28:45,120
complete
1
00:28:42,480 --> 00:28:47,039
it's haiku takes its place as one of the
1
00:28:45,119 --> 00:28:52,739
longest and most impressive
dam
1
00:28:47,039 --> 00:28:56,450
structures in the world
but the next
1
00:28:52,740 --> 00:28:56,450
step
is absolutely critical
1
00:28:56,509 --> 00:29:03,029
Engineers will now close off the channel
1
00:28:59,190 --> 00:29:05,580
that diverts the Piranha River the river
1
00:29:03,029 --> 00:29:08,250
will then slowly flood the
entire valley
1
00:29:05,579 --> 00:29:10,319
creating the vast reservoir that will
1
00:29:08,250 --> 00:29:13,640
feed the dam
and drive its power
1
00:29:10,319 --> 00:29:13,639
generating turbines
1
00:29:14,000 --> 00:29:18,529
once filled the
water pressure in the
1
00:29:16,460 --> 00:29:20,720
Atty poop dams reservoir will be like
1
00:29:18,529 --> 00:29:23,889
four thousand bulldozers pushing
1
00:29:20,720 --> 00:29:25,589
ceaselessly against the dam walls
1
00:29:23,890 --> 00:29:27,570
[Music]
1
00:29:25,589 --> 00:29:30,179
the engineers have
done highly detailed
1
00:29:27,569 --> 00:29:31,889
calculations
and they're confident that
1
00:29:30,180 --> 00:29:39,060
the massive walls are more than strong
1
00:29:31,890 --> 00:29:41,009
enough to hold back the water but the
1
00:29:39,059 --> 00:29:44,099
filling of any
damn reservoir is a
1
00:29:41,009 --> 00:29:45,960
critical moment
the concrete of the dam
1
00:29:44,099 --> 00:29:49,469
walls will be
all that stands between
1
00:29:45,960 --> 00:29:51,860
the vast reservoir and
280,000 people
1
00:29:49,470 --> 00:29:56,490
living in and around Forster aggressive
1
00:29:51,859 --> 00:29:58,979
the failure
of any major dam is always a
1
00:29:56,490 --> 00:30:01,859
major disaster because the amounts of
1
00:29:58,980 --> 00:30:03,960
water that would be freed would create a
1
00:30:01,859 --> 00:30:06,379
wave that
would flow down the river and
1
00:30:03,960 --> 00:30:09,979
create tremendous
damage
1
00:30:06,380 --> 00:30:09,979
[Music]
1
00:30:10,619 --> 00:30:15,569
if the walls
of a typhoon would have
1
00:30:12,839 --> 00:30:18,178
failed
the escaping wave of water would
1
00:30:15,569 --> 00:30:21,869
dwarf
all but the most extreme flash
1
00:30:18,179 --> 00:30:24,509
floods Brazil has ever seen a city sized
1
00:30:21,869 --> 00:30:28,048
body of water would charge down the
1
00:30:24,509 --> 00:30:30,569
piranhas Valley the wave could reach 50
1
00:30:28,048 --> 00:30:32,639
kilometres an hour and demolish all in
1
00:30:30,569 --> 00:30:35,210
its path
but the most substantial
1
00:30:32,640 --> 00:30:35,210
buildings
1
00:30:35,819 --> 00:30:39,869
the death toll would depend on whether
1
00:30:37,920 --> 00:30:43,610
people
living in the valley had any
1
00:30:39,869 --> 00:30:43,609
warning of the impending flood
1
00:30:45,759 --> 00:30:53,619
June the 3rd 1976 the Teton dam in Idaho
1
00:30:50,450 --> 00:30:56,240
USA
is being filmed for the first time
1
00:30:53,619 --> 00:31:00,689
engineers spot a crack in the walls and
1
00:30:56,240 --> 00:31:03,358
try to repair it they sail
1
00:31:00,690 --> 00:31:06,330
two days
later the Western third of the
1
00:31:03,358 --> 00:31:08,189
dance
simply disintegrates erosion at
1
00:31:06,329 --> 00:31:09,228
the base of
the earth and rock Dan is
1
00:31:08,190 --> 00:31:13,080
blamed
1
00:31:09,229 --> 00:31:15,389
nobody had warned local residents the
1
00:31:13,079 --> 00:31:16,918
Teton dam
burst causes hundreds of
1
00:31:15,388 --> 00:31:20,098
millions of
dollars in damage to
1
00:31:16,919 --> 00:31:23,300
property livestock and crops but
1
00:31:20,098 --> 00:31:28,839
miraculously only 14 people are killed
1
00:31:23,299 --> 00:31:33,649
[Music]
1
00:31:28,839 --> 00:31:37,669
October 1982 seven years since
1
00:31:33,650 --> 00:31:39,680
construction began
it's the big day the
1
00:31:37,670 --> 00:31:43,910
massive sluice gates in the diversion
1
00:31:39,680 --> 00:31:46,370
channel are closed the river Parana
1
00:31:43,910 --> 00:31:50,930
flows once again down its original
1
00:31:46,369 --> 00:31:54,349
course
it pours over the copper dams it
1
00:31:50,930 --> 00:31:57,140
charges
into the reservoir
1
00:31:54,349 --> 00:32:03,319
whatever happens there is no way
to stop
1
00:31:57,140 --> 00:32:05,419
the
water now and the water rises more
1
00:32:03,319 --> 00:32:08,259
and more pressure is put on
the huge
1
00:32:05,419 --> 00:32:08,259
concrete walls
1
00:32:09,549 --> 00:32:16,230
the reservoir will take 14 days
to fill
1
00:32:12,490 --> 00:32:16,230
to its
final depth of 100 meters
1
00:32:19,019 --> 00:32:24,910
everyone has been
evacuated from the
1
00:32:21,220 --> 00:32:29,430
flood area but some stay to watch their
1
00:32:24,910 --> 00:32:29,430
homes disappear under the rising water
1
00:32:34,890 --> 00:32:43,300
and an army of 316
conservationists from
1
00:32:40,180 --> 00:32:45,700
Brazil and Paraguay set out on one last
1
00:32:43,299 --> 00:32:47,759
mission to save as many animals as
1
00:32:45,700 --> 00:32:51,970
possible
from drowning
1
00:32:47,759 --> 00:32:54,569
as the water
level slowly rise small
1
00:32:51,970 --> 00:32:57,370
islands of high land are left behind
1
00:32:54,569 --> 00:32:59,710
their only temporary and in a few hours
1
00:32:57,369 --> 00:33:05,529
they'll disappear forever beneath the
1
00:32:59,710 --> 00:33:10,110
surface so now they provide a last
1
00:33:05,529 --> 00:33:10,109
desperate refuge for terrified animals
1
00:33:10,740 --> 00:33:16,539
like modern-day Noah's in tiny
arks so
1
00:33:14,109 --> 00:33:19,149
now
Cavanaugh and his rescue team try to
1
00:33:16,539 --> 00:33:22,659
save as many as they can before it's too
1
00:33:19,150 --> 00:33:25,269
late
we do some labs we use some hooks
1
00:33:22,660 --> 00:33:28,410
for the
snakes and some we just caught
1
00:33:25,269 --> 00:33:28,410
him by
dark by the tails
1
00:33:30,138 --> 00:33:36,959
soon
the animals have only treetops to
1
00:33:33,749 --> 00:33:39,058
cling to
above the rising water and
1
00:33:36,960 --> 00:33:42,149
there are hazards
for the rescue team -
1
00:33:39,058 --> 00:33:44,460
the water was
high so you can imagine
1
00:33:42,148 --> 00:33:46,558
itself
going by boat on a treetop you
1
00:33:44,460 --> 00:33:49,259
didn't
really know what to expect to
1
00:33:46,558 --> 00:33:52,200
find between
the leaves sometimes you
1
00:33:49,259 --> 00:33:55,739
just look to your right in about 20 30
1
00:33:52,200 --> 00:33:59,278
centimeters you have a rattlesnake or or
1
00:33:55,739 --> 00:34:01,858
some other kind of poisonous animal but
1
00:33:59,278 --> 00:34:04,319
apart
from the odd scratch and bite the
1
00:34:01,858 --> 00:34:09,058
rescuers managed to avoid serious
injury
1
00:34:04,319 --> 00:34:13,199
for days the rescue progresses as the
1
00:34:09,059 --> 00:34:15,629
flood waters continue to rise within two
1
00:34:13,199 --> 00:34:19,469
weeks a vast stretch of the piranha
1
00:34:15,628 --> 00:34:22,078
Valley is lost forever it type ooze
1
00:34:19,469 --> 00:34:26,519
reservoir now stretches as far
as the
1
00:34:22,079 --> 00:34:28,679
eye can see
the dams giant walls are
1
00:34:26,519 --> 00:34:30,929
holding back the water but now the
1
00:34:28,679 --> 00:34:33,568
engineers must stop it riding
any
1
00:34:30,929 --> 00:34:35,639
further
if the water flows over the top
1
00:34:33,568 --> 00:34:38,369
of the dam the walls could be weakened
1
00:34:35,639 --> 00:34:43,619
and even start to crack with potentially
1
00:34:38,369 --> 00:34:44,940
catastrophic consequences
Engineers have
1
00:34:43,619 --> 00:34:47,879
a trick up their sleeve
1
00:34:44,940 --> 00:34:51,980
a crucial
escape chute called a spillway
1
00:34:47,878 --> 00:34:51,980
has been built at the edge of the dam
1
00:34:54,980 --> 00:34:59,659
it's like a giant
version of the
1
00:34:57,079 --> 00:35:02,450
overflow
of your bathtub when the water
1
00:34:59,659 --> 00:35:06,529
gets
too high it drains away without
1
00:35:02,449 --> 00:35:09,679
causing a
flood the big difference is
1
00:35:06,530 --> 00:35:14,510
this overflow must cope with 64 million
1
00:35:09,679 --> 00:35:16,608
litres of water per second if it's been
1
00:35:14,510 --> 00:35:19,160
wrongly designed the force of the water
1
00:35:16,608 --> 00:35:25,069
could damage it
setting the project back
1
00:35:19,159 --> 00:35:27,588
years but there can be no
rehearsals the
1
00:35:25,070 --> 00:35:33,680
first time the spillway is used will
be
1
00:35:27,588 --> 00:35:35,929
for real
October 1982 excited crowds and
1
00:35:33,679 --> 00:35:38,629
world media
gather to watch the big
1
00:35:35,929 --> 00:35:40,848
event
Engineers prepare to lift the
1
00:35:38,630 --> 00:35:44,390
sluice gates
and open the spillway for
1
00:35:40,849 --> 00:35:46,900
the first time the water begins as a
1
00:35:44,389 --> 00:35:46,900
trickle
1
00:35:47,860 --> 00:35:56,099
it soon becomes a raging
torrent
1
00:35:52,739 --> 00:35:58,889
it's working
the spillway is taking the
1
00:35:56,099 --> 00:36:02,869
strain
it's controlling a cascade of
1
00:35:58,889 --> 00:36:05,460
water
22 bigger than Niagara Falls
1
00:36:02,869 --> 00:36:08,900
Brazil is now home to the biggest
1
00:36:05,460 --> 00:36:11,820
man-made waterfall
on the planet
1
00:36:08,900 --> 00:36:14,880
engineer
Adalberto show new witnesses
1
00:36:11,820 --> 00:36:17,580
the moment
prolific develop whelming it
1
00:36:14,880 --> 00:36:19,710
was a
really unforgettable spectacle
1
00:36:17,579 --> 00:36:25,019
prism and it will remain engraved on my
1
00:36:19,710 --> 00:36:28,139
memory forever the engineers are
1
00:36:25,019 --> 00:36:30,599
relieved and elated
for now but their
1
00:36:28,139 --> 00:36:33,569
spillway worries
aren't over yet
1
00:36:30,599 --> 00:36:35,820
the spillway is handling the volume of
1
00:36:33,570 --> 00:36:37,950
water but they know
that all that water
1
00:36:35,820 --> 00:36:40,519
thundering off the end could affect the
1
00:36:37,949 --> 00:36:40,519
dam itself
1
00:36:46,440 --> 00:36:52,420
at the Faunus lab in
Rio de Janeiro
1
00:36:49,469 --> 00:36:55,269
Roberto de Souza builds detailed
1
00:36:52,420 --> 00:36:57,000
high-tech models of dams to analyze the
1
00:36:55,269 --> 00:36:59,710
consequences of
even the smallest
1
00:36:57,000 --> 00:37:02,048
miscalculation in spillway design this
1
00:36:59,710 --> 00:37:04,510
along with Villalobos lives died with
1
00:37:02,048 --> 00:37:06,699
this scale model
a dam spillway we're
1
00:37:04,510 --> 00:37:08,799
carrying out an extremely detailed study
1
00:37:06,699 --> 00:37:11,289
of
the effects of the water as it falls
1
00:37:08,798 --> 00:37:13,210
of the energy that it can produce an
1
00:37:11,289 --> 00:37:18,489
energy
that may damage the structure
1
00:37:13,210 --> 00:37:20,920
yourself when water crashes off the end
1
00:37:18,489 --> 00:37:24,808
of the spillway it lands below the dam
1
00:37:20,920 --> 00:37:28,030
with great force
churning up the river
1
00:37:24,809 --> 00:37:31,119
this energy must be
dissipated using an
1
00:37:28,030 --> 00:37:33,519
upward
curve like a ski jump that forces
1
00:37:31,119 --> 00:37:36,369
the
water up into the air reducing its
1
00:37:33,519 --> 00:37:38,710
force
if it is 500 hours a year the
1
00:37:36,369 --> 00:37:41,019
energy dissipation is so important that
1
00:37:38,710 --> 00:37:43,358
you could say a good design of spillway
1
00:37:41,019 --> 00:37:45,699
can avoid damage
to both the actual
1
00:37:43,358 --> 00:37:49,598
structure and the land
downstream
1
00:37:45,699 --> 00:37:51,548
version engineers relied on scale models
1
00:37:49,599 --> 00:37:54,579
to get the angle of the ski jump just
1
00:37:51,548 --> 00:37:57,099
right if it's wrong the water will turn
1
00:37:54,579 --> 00:37:59,289
back on itself and could seriously erode
1
00:37:57,099 --> 00:38:01,539
the
riverbanks and if the process
1
00:37:59,289 --> 00:38:05,279
continued over years it could eat away
1
00:38:01,539 --> 00:38:05,279
at
the foundations of the dam
1
00:38:07,210 --> 00:38:11,619
it titles engineers have calculated that
1
00:38:09,608 --> 00:38:15,219
there will be some erosion
but not
1
00:38:11,619 --> 00:38:17,140
enough to do any serious
damage all they
1
00:38:15,219 --> 00:38:19,730
can do for now
is keep checking the
1
00:38:17,139 --> 00:38:22,250
riverbanks and soup
1
00:38:19,730 --> 00:38:25,210
if they've
got it wrong the structure of
1
00:38:22,250 --> 00:38:30,998
the dam itself could be in peril
1
00:38:25,210 --> 00:38:30,999
[Music]
1
00:38:32,219 --> 00:38:37,899
the vast reservoir feeding via type of
1
00:38:35,409 --> 00:38:39,909
dam has been filled
flooding thousands
1
00:38:37,900 --> 00:38:46,269
of square kilometers
of agricultural
1
00:38:39,909 --> 00:38:48,670
land and
rainforest 30 thousands
1
00:38:46,269 --> 00:38:50,829
assorted birds mammals and reptiles are
1
00:38:48,670 --> 00:38:54,519
saved from
drowning by conservationists
1
00:38:50,829 --> 00:38:56,920
but they all need new homes some are
1
00:38:54,519 --> 00:38:58,780
relocated but
three-hundred rescued
1
00:38:56,920 --> 00:39:03,490
animals are
found a new home in a
1
00:38:58,780 --> 00:39:06,430
wildlife sanctuary the Bella Vista
1
00:39:03,489 --> 00:39:08,289
refuge isn't a zoo the endangered
1
00:39:06,429 --> 00:39:12,179
species that
were saved will be bred
1
00:39:08,289 --> 00:39:14,980
here
and ultimately returned to the wild
1
00:39:12,179 --> 00:39:17,529
Bella Vista is also one of the first
1
00:39:14,980 --> 00:39:21,659
centers aimed at educating local people
1
00:39:17,530 --> 00:39:21,660
about the wildlife living around them
1
00:39:22,599 --> 00:39:28,940
700 square kilometers of forest are lost
1
00:39:25,608 --> 00:39:30,858
in the valley flooding but millions
of
1
00:39:28,940 --> 00:39:34,340
new sapling
czar planted around the
1
00:39:30,858 --> 00:39:36,469
reservoirs edge conservation program
1
00:39:34,340 --> 00:39:38,150
like the
one mounted at e-type ooh looks
1
00:39:36,469 --> 00:39:40,098
basic by modern standards
1
00:39:38,150 --> 00:39:42,619
but in the 80s it represents a
1
00:39:40,099 --> 00:39:50,240
trailblazing bid to minimize the damage
1
00:39:42,619 --> 00:39:53,269
caused by large-scale dams over the next
1
00:39:50,239 --> 00:39:56,839
nine years a type whose final frenetic
1
00:39:53,269 --> 00:39:59,000
stage unfolds with the
dam walls
1
00:39:56,840 --> 00:40:07,070
finished
work begins on the power
1
00:39:59,000 --> 00:40:09,469
generating plant
18 giant tubes to
1
00:40:07,070 --> 00:40:14,809
funnel water to the turbines each as
1
00:40:09,469 --> 00:40:17,899
tall as a 30-story building
go up the
1
00:40:14,809 --> 00:40:21,849
turbines themselves
weigh 800 tons as
1
00:40:17,900 --> 00:40:21,849
much as
two jumbo jets
1
00:40:22,429 --> 00:40:28,838
they're so huge
that special vehicles
1
00:40:25,190 --> 00:40:28,838
have
to be built to transport them
1
00:40:30,650 --> 00:40:36,509
at the heart of each turbine
Lizer rotor
1
00:40:33,809 --> 00:40:39,619
they will spin magnets within a copper
1
00:40:36,509 --> 00:40:42,179
coil to
produce electricity
1
00:40:39,619 --> 00:40:43,230
although the rotors are more than
16
1
00:40:42,179 --> 00:40:45,719
meters across
1
00:40:43,230 --> 00:40:50,099
they must be precisely installed
to
1
00:40:45,719 --> 00:40:51,048
within
1/10 of a millimeter and that's
1
00:40:50,099 --> 00:40:53,430
not all
1
00:40:51,048 --> 00:40:55,829
the bulk of it
Thai food dams
1
00:40:53,429 --> 00:40:58,379
electricity is destined
for the huge
1
00:40:55,829 --> 00:41:01,048
cities of Sao Paulo and Rio de Janeiro
1
00:40:58,380 --> 00:41:05,910
but they're over a thousand kilometres
1
00:41:01,048 --> 00:41:07,949
away a massive network of pylons
1
00:41:05,909 --> 00:41:12,268
stretching right across the Brazilian
1
00:41:07,949 --> 00:41:14,429
countryside is erected the electric
1
00:41:12,268 --> 00:41:16,078
power lines from
the dam are long enough
1
00:41:14,429 --> 00:41:21,419
to stretch around the globe
1
00:41:16,079 --> 00:41:23,509
one and a
half times as the dam nears
1
00:41:21,420 --> 00:41:25,889
the
moment when it will produce power
1
00:41:23,509 --> 00:41:28,048
engineers nervously inspect the
1
00:41:25,889 --> 00:41:30,420
riverbanks for signs of damage from
1
00:41:28,048 --> 00:41:32,998
water
thundering down from the spillway
1
00:41:30,420 --> 00:41:36,059
this is the kind of erosion
that huge
1
00:41:32,998 --> 00:41:39,298
volumes of
water can do when traveling
1
00:41:36,059 --> 00:41:42,980
at high speed
how serious is the erosion
1
00:41:39,298 --> 00:41:42,980
caused by the spillway
1
00:41:43,630 --> 00:41:53,289
it doesn't have good the engineers
take
1
00:41:49,300 --> 00:41:56,220
precise measurements they make further
1
00:41:53,289 --> 00:41:56,219
calculations
1
00:41:58,010 --> 00:42:04,460
is the erosion creeping ever closer to
1
00:42:01,019 --> 00:42:04,460
the dams foundations
1
00:42:05,510 --> 00:42:13,770
to their great relief the engineers find
1
00:42:08,789 --> 00:42:18,599
their original predictions are right the
1
00:42:13,769 --> 00:42:26,940
erosion is not getting any worse the
1
00:42:18,599 --> 00:42:29,818
foundations of the dam are safe
its high
1
00:42:26,940 --> 00:42:31,980
pool nears completion
the pace has been
1
00:42:29,818 --> 00:42:34,139
unrelenting
1
00:42:31,980 --> 00:42:36,480
but the biggest
engineering project
1
00:42:34,139 --> 00:42:39,710
South America has ever seen comes at
1
00:42:36,480 --> 00:42:39,710
great human cost
1
00:42:40,798 --> 00:42:45,789
records aren't precise but
a hundred and
1
00:42:43,989 --> 00:42:47,889
forty-five people are thought to have
1
00:42:45,789 --> 00:42:49,219
lost their lives in accidents while
1
00:42:47,889 --> 00:42:56,239
building in taipu
1
00:42:49,219 --> 00:42:56,238
[Music]
1
00:42:58,500 --> 00:43:04,449
May 1984 and e-type who is about to
1
00:43:02,170 --> 00:43:07,420
fulfill its purpose and produce its
1
00:43:04,449 --> 00:43:09,279
first electricity
it's the moment
1
00:43:07,420 --> 00:43:11,619
everyone has
been waiting for the
1
00:43:09,280 --> 00:43:16,390
culmination of nine years of grueling
1
00:43:11,619 --> 00:43:18,550
work water pours in through the gates at
1
00:43:16,389 --> 00:43:21,909
the
top of the dam thunders down and
1
00:43:18,550 --> 00:43:29,410
turns the turbines
for the engineers and
1
00:43:21,909 --> 00:43:31,868
workers
it's a triumph one by one
1
00:43:29,409 --> 00:43:34,960
further turbines leap to life and in
1
00:43:31,869 --> 00:43:37,300
April 1991
a Titan becomes the most
1
00:43:34,960 --> 00:43:40,300
powerful hydroelectric plant on the
1
00:43:37,300 --> 00:43:42,490
planet
pumping out enough electricity to
1
00:43:40,300 --> 00:43:46,269
light up a
hundred and twenty million
1
00:43:42,489 --> 00:43:48,819
light bulbs
and a typo is now feeding
1
00:43:46,269 --> 00:43:51,820
the energy demands of 24 million
1
00:43:48,820 --> 00:43:52,300
Brazilians in Rio de Janeiro and Sao
1
00:43:51,820 --> 00:43:55,000
Paulo
1
00:43:52,300 --> 00:43:58,140
the electricity flows without
a hitch
1
00:43:55,000 --> 00:43:58,139
for 10 years
1
00:43:58,329 --> 00:44:08,409
until
January the 21st 2002 1:30 p.m.
1
00:44:04,920 --> 00:44:11,619
without any warning 13 of their type
1
00:44:08,409 --> 00:44:14,909
who's 18
giant turbines suddenly grind
1
00:44:11,619 --> 00:44:17,769
to a halt
electricity production stops
1
00:44:14,909 --> 00:44:21,549
the engineers at it title are mystified
1
00:44:17,769 --> 00:44:23,530
what has gone wrong Rio and Sao Paulo
1
00:44:21,550 --> 00:44:25,930
are forced to a standstill traffic
1
00:44:23,530 --> 00:44:28,950
lights stopped working causing 30 mild
1
00:44:25,929 --> 00:44:32,409
backups
subway systems closed down
1
00:44:28,949 --> 00:44:34,719
people are trapped in elevators
offices
1
00:44:32,409 --> 00:44:37,629
homes factories
are plunged into
1
00:44:34,719 --> 00:44:40,480
darkness what is causing this
1
00:44:37,630 --> 00:44:43,269
cataclysmic
power failure
1
00:44:40,480 --> 00:44:46,090
josé ricardo de
Silveira was in charge
1
00:44:43,269 --> 00:44:47,650
of
power output port set up all the
1
00:44:46,090 --> 00:44:50,350
generators and all the transmission my
1
00:44:47,650 --> 00:44:51,820
systems to
Brazil suddenly cut out at
1
00:44:50,349 --> 00:44:53,059
the time we didn't
know exactly what was
1
00:44:51,820 --> 00:44:54,780
going on
1
00:44:53,059 --> 00:44:57,420
[Music]
1
00:44:54,780 --> 00:44:59,890
after forensic investigations
1
00:44:57,420 --> 00:45:02,950
electricians finally track the problem
1
00:44:59,889 --> 00:45:04,868
down apparently
has collapsed the
1
00:45:02,949 --> 00:45:06,308
transmission system can't cope with
the
1
00:45:04,869 --> 00:45:09,099
power level that it type who is
1
00:45:06,309 --> 00:45:11,559
generating
spits twist the switch that
1
00:45:09,099 --> 00:45:14,890
turns off the
mighty dams generating
1
00:45:11,559 --> 00:45:17,798
systems
there's an inquiry it's the
1
00:45:14,889 --> 00:45:19,719
result
12 billion dollars are poured
1
00:45:17,798 --> 00:45:23,199
into upgrading
the transmission system
1
00:45:19,719 --> 00:45:25,929
to prevent future blackouts
in just one
1
00:45:23,199 --> 00:45:28,058
afternoon
Brazil cities have seen just
1
00:45:25,929 --> 00:45:29,259
how dependent they are on
a type whose
1
00:45:28,059 --> 00:45:33,298
electricity
1
00:45:29,260 --> 00:45:33,299
[Music]
1
00:45:33,409 --> 00:45:39,359
20 years on the Atty ku'Damm remains an
1
00:45:37,139 --> 00:45:41,369
extraordinary achievement
and was
1
00:45:39,360 --> 00:45:45,900
recently voted one of the seven wonders
1
00:45:41,369 --> 00:45:48,809
of
the modern world by engineers today a
1
00:45:45,900 --> 00:45:53,160
staggering 90 percent of Brazil's energy
1
00:45:48,809 --> 00:45:55,110
is
generated by hydroelectric dams stand
1
00:45:53,159 --> 00:45:57,719
like this have helped Brazilian cities
1
00:45:55,110 --> 00:46:00,150
and industries
to grow and brought
1
00:45:57,719 --> 00:46:03,659
electricity to
people in remote areas of
1
00:46:00,150 --> 00:46:07,470
the country but the heavy reliance on
1
00:46:03,659 --> 00:46:10,289
water power has come at a price in
1
00:46:07,469 --> 00:46:12,349
recent
years lower rainfall levels have
1
00:46:10,289 --> 00:46:17,449
reduced the power
output from dams
1
00:46:12,349 --> 00:46:17,449
forcing power cuts and energy rationing
1
00:46:18,389 --> 00:46:22,440
and all
around the world there's a
1
00:46:20,699 --> 00:46:27,348
growing
awareness of the environmental
1
00:46:22,440 --> 00:46:31,019
havoc that hydroelectric dams can cause
1
00:46:27,349 --> 00:46:33,599
at it
type ooh dead treetops serve as a
1
00:46:31,018 --> 00:46:37,500
powerful
reminder of a valley that has
1
00:46:33,599 --> 00:46:40,380
gone forever
and the enormous price
1
00:46:37,500 --> 00:46:42,588
Brazilians have paid in their quest for
1
00:46:40,380 --> 00:46:42,588
power
1
00:46:43,059 --> 00:46:56,559
[Music]
1
00:46:54,500 --> 00:46:56,559
you
93592