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inland lake in the state.
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that will change. but they're hoping
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michigan wine country also lures detroiters
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and other city dwellers seeking a summer escape.
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no rush to get back home. and when they do, there's
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in michigan, summer holidays are so treasured
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written into law. they've even been
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the name "michigan" is a native american word
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meaning "big lake."
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to the four great lakes but that doesn't just refer
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that border the state.
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more than 11,000 inland lakes, it also refers to michigan's
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like this one.
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these are the turquoise waters of the longest and deepest
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for now, most winemakers here only sell locally,
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torch lake has been called one of the most beautiful
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in the world.
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spend their summers it's one reason michiganders
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right here at home.
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they paraglide over the shore bluffs of benzie county
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and ride the dunes of silver lake state park.
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summer holidays are so important in this state
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that the michigan legislature weighed in and made it official.
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schools are not allowed to start classes before labor day.
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and just before school begins,
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tens of thousands leave their holidays behind
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and gather for an annual labor day weekend ritual...
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the opening game
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the corn for kellogg's corn flakes
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and then using heavy rollers to flatten it into flakes.
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tired of their old porridge,
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his patients loved it,
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was born. and kellogg's corn flakes
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will went on to found the kellogg company.
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most recognized brands, today, it's one of the world's
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in battle creek, and it's still headquartered
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which is also known as cereal city.
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local legend has it that when the building's architects
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surveyed kellogg executives,
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most said they wanted a corner office,
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which is how the kellogg headquarters
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got its unique shape.
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wolverines football team. of the university of michigan's
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no longer comes from michigan.
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and these days, michigan farmers are experimenting
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with a new kind of crop,
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one that dr. kellogg would most certainly disapprove of.
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this is michigan wine country.
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there are now 14,600 acres of vineyards in the state.
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most grow juice grapes,
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but some 100 vineyards now produce michigan wine.
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vintners here on the old mission peninsula like to point out
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that their vineyards lie on the 45th parallel--
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the same latitude as such celebrated french wine regions
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as alsace, bordeaux and burgundy.
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the campus was alive with gatherings
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google co-founder larry page, actor james earl jones,
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the late dr. jack kevorkian, or even madonna,
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all former students at the u of m.
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the only history-maker but football hasn't been
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on this campus.
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in the beginning of the 1960s,
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a much smaller group of michigan students
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gathered on these steps of the student union
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to hear presidential candidate john f. kennedy
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during a midnight campaign stop.
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he urged them to contribute part of their lives to america,
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a plan that later became the peace corps.
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during the vietnam war years,
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past attendees could have included
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and protests for peace.
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michigan faculty led the country's first "teach-in"
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in 1965.
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two years later,
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hundreds of students occupied the administration building,
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in opposition to the university's defense contracts.
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the students were taking a cue from michigan's autoworkers,
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whose own sit-down strike 31 years earlier
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biggest industrial corporations had brought one the world's
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to its knees.
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it happened in the automotive manufacturing center of flint,
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about 57 miles northwest of detroit.
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this now-abandoned building was once part
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what makes this stadium so unique for its size
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no university, and not even any team in the nfl,
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can beat michigan's big house--
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the largest football stadium in the country.
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for years, the big house and penn state's beaver stadium
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battled for that title.
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but in 2010, the university of michigan spent $226 million
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to make their stadium even bigger,
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and successfully beat out penn state's by 3,329 seats.
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official seating capacity is 109,901,
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but attendance at most games tops 110,000.
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today, all seats for this game against western michigan
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are sold out,
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which is why tickets were being scalped for up to $4,000.
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by first steaming it,
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is its understated design--
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or retractable roof. there's no giant dome
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the big house was built in the 1920s
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on land that contained an underground spring.
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during construction,
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the moist, unstable earth swallowed a crane,
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which, according to legend,
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still remains buried beneath the field.
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in the footsteps today's players are following
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of football legends tom brady, tom harmon, desmond howard,
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and even president gerald ford,
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who played center for the wolverines in the 1930s.
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a billionaire trucking magnate. the bridge's owner is
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secretaries were hired to hide it in their purses.
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others stowed it in false trunks.
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one man was even caught with a shipment of eggs,
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each of which had been emptied and filled with scotch whiskey.
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the techniques of smuggling liquor in the 1920s
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are similar to those used by today's drug couriers.
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proximity to canada and detroit's
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still makes it a hub of illegal trade.
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the ambassador bridge is now the busiest international crossing
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in the u.s. for goods.
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surprisingly, this vital link
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biggest trading partner to the united states'
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is the only privately owned border crossing in the country.
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smuggling alcohol got a whole lot easier.
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is one of the reasons detroit's proximity to canada
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the state capital. that it's no longer
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after michigan received its statehood in 1837,
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legislators wanted a more protected site
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for their capital city.
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so they moved it from detroit to a little-known inland spot
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called the township of lansing,
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which was so small at the time,
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some simply called it "a hole in the woods."
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the story goes that legislators joked
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when they reached their decision.
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they had chosen this tiny town they couldn't quite believe that
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of fewer than 20 people to be the capital of their new state.
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macarthur bridge. crossed belle isle's
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to plan a new public park on belle isle.
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architect albert kahn was commissioned to design
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this elaborate conservatory,
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which was inspired by president thomas jefferson's
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virginia estate, monticello.
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in the 1950s,
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the conservatory was given a collection of 600 orchids,
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which still remains the highlight
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of its botanical gardens today.
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but in prohibition days,
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this popular island offered the perfect cover
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for rum smugglers from canada to meet their buyers from detroit.
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but not all of canada's booze
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but their moral beliefs couldn't have been clearer.
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vast quantities of rum, vodka and whiskey
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were smuggled in boats or pulled across the river on cables.
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when the detroit river froze, smugglers walked across,
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with bottles stowed in their high boots,
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thus, the term "bootleggers."
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there was so much illegal liquor flowing through detroit,
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it was the second biggest industry in the city at the time
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after automobiles.
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the detroit river carried 75% of all liquor
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smuggled into the united states during prohibition.
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when the nearby ambassador bridge opened in 1929
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and cars could drive across the borders,
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for the seventh day adventist church here in battle creek.
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one reason frankenmuth is so popular
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is because more than two million michiganders
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claim german heritage.
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the crops that germans and other early settlers
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farmed in michigan
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have given the state
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one of the most diverse crop systems in the world.
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beans, cherries, sugar beets, blueberries, and wheat
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are only a few of the more than 200 commodities grown here.
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at the turn of the 20th century, a local michigan doctor used
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most plentiful crops one of the state's
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to develop a food empire.
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in 1876, dr. john harvey kellogg ran this vast sanitarium
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and locally brewed german beer.
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patients filled its rooms hoping to benefit
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of healthy living. from dr. kellogg's principles
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"eat what the monkey eats," he prescribed,
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"simple food and not much of it."
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included abstinence, dr. kellogg's prescribed regimen
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a vegetarian diet, colonics, and corn flakes.
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many famous patients came for kellogg's cure,
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including president william howard taft,
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thomas edison and amelia earhart.
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several years earlier, dr. kellogg and his brother will
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had developed a method of producing flakes
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from wheat and corn
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many were shocked by the conditions here.
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the first act of the legislature
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was to abolish the death penalty,
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making michigan the first english-speaking territory
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in the world to outlaw capital punishment.
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tolerance has been a core part of michigan's history
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ever since.
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in the 19th century, it was a haven for runaway slaves
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fleeing the south on the underground railroad.
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and it helps explain why michigan is home
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to a town popularly known as little bavaria.
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in the 19th century, german lutheran missionaries
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called to their brethren back home to join them
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in converting chippewa indians to christianity.
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body plant number one, of general motors' fisher
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one wrote home saying that,
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"the most miserable village in germany
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has palaces by comparison."
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but slowly the little town, frankenmuth, grew
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and now looks more german than american.
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look this way. but it didn't always
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frankenmuth was a pretty typical midwestern community
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until the 1950s,
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when enterprising townspeople renovated it
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into little bavaria.
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now, three million visitors a year come here
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to soak up the old world atmosphere
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in the mid-1980s.
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was originally spearheaded by henry ford's son
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to help pull detroit up after its devastating 1967 riots.
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but by the time michael moore arrived,
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was itself facing hard times, michigan's auto industry
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or at least its workers were.
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things were particularly bad in moore's hometown, flint,
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where gm was born.
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flint had lost 40,000 auto jobs
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as carmakers moved their work overseas,
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while gm itself was recording record profits.
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on top of this giant slab of concrete
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was once the buick assembly line.
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it housed 28,000 workers during peak production
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the renaissance center, gm's headquarters, known as
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now, the only evidence of this plant is the green lawn
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that greeted executives as they arrived for work.
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moore never got the meeting he wanted with roger,
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but he did succeed in highlighting the corporate greed
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that led to the layoffs,
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and turned once-thriving factories like this one
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into toxic cleanup sites.
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place in michigan to suffer. and flint hasn't been the only
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with the decline of the auto industry,
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detroit has lost nearly a million residents
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in the last 60 years.
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and the exodus continues.
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between 2000 and 2010,
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just outside of town.
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african american neighborhoods between the city's poorer
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suburban ones. and it's richer, whiter
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many know 8 mile today as the title of a 2002 film
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starring the detroit hip-hop artist eminem.
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born marshall mathers,
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eminem lived just north of 8 mile as a teenager,
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but crossed this boundary
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freestyle rap battles. to take part in detroit's
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"music," eminem sings, "is the only way that i know
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how to escape from this 8 mile road."
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to break free from 8 mile. eminem's success did enable him
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but he didn't go far.
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00:44:55,710 --> 00:44:59,050
he now lives in this 29-room home near rochester hills
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michigan was the only state in america to lose population.
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00:45:03,420 --> 00:45:05,650
famous michigan artist eminem hasn't been the only
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00:45:05,690 --> 00:45:09,620
ugly truths. to explore his state's
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00:45:09,660 --> 00:45:14,230
in the 1980s, a scrappy michigan filmmaker arrived in detroit
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00:45:14,260 --> 00:45:17,230
and turned his exploration of corporate greed
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00:45:17,260 --> 00:45:19,330
into a cult classic.
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00:45:24,910 --> 00:45:28,580
in 1988, documentary filmmaker michael moore,
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00:45:28,610 --> 00:45:31,510
armed with a camera, knocked on the ground floor entrance
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00:45:31,550 --> 00:45:33,910
of this 39-story tower--
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the headquarters of general motors.
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he was hoping to have a meeting with gm's chairman, roger smith.
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but instead, he was escorted out again and again,
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which became the story roger and me.
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new vehicles are put to the test every year.
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one of the largest free jazz gatherings in the country.
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00:48:58,220 --> 00:49:01,720
is still step in step today, michigan's economy
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00:49:01,760 --> 00:49:04,320
with the revenues of its automobile industry.
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00:49:04,360 --> 00:49:05,630
and these days,
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00:49:05,660 --> 00:49:09,300
those fortunes depend increasingly on sales overseas,
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00:49:09,330 --> 00:49:12,530
in europe, china and other emerging markets.
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00:49:14,300 --> 00:49:17,770
but production at home continues.
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00:49:17,800 --> 00:49:20,740
dearborn truck plant, every day, at ford's
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00:49:20,770 --> 00:49:24,080
up to 800 f-150s are loaded onto trains
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00:49:24,110 --> 00:49:27,450
and shipped across the u.s.
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00:49:27,480 --> 00:49:30,880
the f-150 remains the best-selling vehicle in america,
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34 years running.
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out on the proving grounds,
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00:48:51,010 --> 00:48:54,280
and there are those who live for the city's annual jazz fest,
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00:49:38,430 --> 00:49:41,090
their quality and performance may have a big impact
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00:49:41,130 --> 00:49:44,530
for years to come. on michigan's future
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more to the wolverine state but there's always been much
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00:49:50,670 --> 00:49:52,470
than the automobile...
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00:49:54,170 --> 00:49:58,610
the towering dunes that line its coast,
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00:49:58,650 --> 00:50:02,050
the pristine waters of its inland lakes...
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00:50:03,850 --> 00:50:06,520
the brilliance of its skies.
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00:50:06,550 --> 00:50:11,860
transformed this ancient land and michigan's people, who
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with the simple tools of water, timber, steel,
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00:50:16,160 --> 00:50:20,170
still alive today, and a spirit that's
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00:50:20,200 --> 00:50:22,840
high above its mackinac straits,
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00:50:22,870 --> 00:50:27,210
celebrating the land that is...
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00:50:27,240 --> 00:51:00,110
michigan.
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00:48:06,470 --> 00:48:08,500
no matter how hard times get...
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00:47:29,000 --> 00:47:32,930
the vast facilities of the automakers are disappearing
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00:47:32,970 --> 00:47:36,070
or being reborn.
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00:47:36,100 --> 00:47:39,010
the packard plant is now a giant canvas
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00:47:39,040 --> 00:47:42,840
best-known graffiti artists. for some of the world's
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00:47:42,880 --> 00:47:45,480
after one, known as banksy, tagged here,
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00:47:45,510 --> 00:47:47,380
a local gallery owner cut out his work
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00:47:47,410 --> 00:47:48,980
from the packard plant's wall,
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00:47:49,020 --> 00:47:50,980
so he could show it in his gallery.
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00:47:53,490 --> 00:47:57,020
entire city blocks have been vacated.
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00:47:57,060 --> 00:47:58,930
and eminem has featured detroit's ruins
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00:47:58,960 --> 00:48:01,830
in his music videos and movie.
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00:48:01,860 --> 00:48:03,600
but, despite the decay,
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00:48:03,630 --> 00:48:06,430
there are many who would never leave detroit
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00:44:13,370 --> 00:44:14,840
it's also the boundary
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00:48:09,740 --> 00:48:12,610
...like diehard fans of the detroit tigers,
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00:48:12,640 --> 00:48:15,680
who play here at comerica park.
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00:48:15,710 --> 00:48:18,010
for years, this park also had the reputation
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00:48:18,040 --> 00:48:20,750
nightmare. of being a right-handed hitter's
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00:48:20,780 --> 00:48:22,880
players and fans alike complained
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00:48:22,920 --> 00:48:26,850
about the farther-than-usual left field wall.
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00:48:26,890 --> 00:48:29,760
so in 2002, the team moved the wall
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00:48:29,790 --> 00:48:32,430
25 feet closer to home plate,
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00:48:32,460 --> 00:48:37,460
and that year, the tigers hit 77 more home runs.
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00:48:37,500 --> 00:48:40,700
but the next year, they had an impressive losing streak,
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00:48:40,730 --> 00:48:44,270
one of the worst in american league history.
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00:48:44,300 --> 00:48:47,970
tiger fans from coming. but that doesn't seem to stop
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00:40:16,960 --> 00:40:21,040
and sold 60 million cars in one decade alone.
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00:39:38,060 --> 00:39:41,160
both b-24s and b-17s, like this one,
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00:39:41,200 --> 00:39:45,700
front-line bombers in europe. served as america's
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00:39:45,730 --> 00:39:47,100
five years earlier,
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00:39:47,130 --> 00:39:49,270
leader walter reuther the united auto workers'
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00:39:49,300 --> 00:39:51,940
had argued that america's battles "can be won
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00:39:51,970 --> 00:39:54,910
on the assembly lines of detroit."
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00:39:54,940 --> 00:39:59,150
and world war ii proved that he was right.
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00:39:59,180 --> 00:40:01,310
detroit quickly adopted the nickname,
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00:40:01,350 --> 00:40:03,520
"the arsenal of democracy."
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00:40:05,850 --> 00:40:09,020
in the 1950s, business boomed again,
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00:40:09,060 --> 00:40:11,790
at least for the big three automakers.
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00:40:11,830 --> 00:40:14,960
ford, general motors and chrysler flooded the market
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00:40:15,000 --> 00:40:16,930
with stylish, cheaper models,
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00:39:33,720 --> 00:39:38,030
willow run had turned out more than 8,000 planes.
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00:40:21,070 --> 00:40:24,070
struggled. but detroit's smaller carmakers
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00:40:25,470 --> 00:40:27,510
this vast industrial complex
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00:40:27,540 --> 00:40:29,610
was one of the most advanced factories in the world
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00:40:29,640 --> 00:40:32,150
when it was built in 1903.
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00:40:32,180 --> 00:40:35,220
not only did it produce some of america's most luxurious
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00:40:35,250 --> 00:40:38,620
and sought-after cars of the 1930s,
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00:40:38,650 --> 00:40:41,360
but it also introduced the world to an architect
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00:40:41,390 --> 00:40:45,630
who would transform detroit's skyline--albert kahn.
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00:40:47,130 --> 00:40:48,730
kahn, a german immigrant,
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00:40:48,760 --> 00:40:51,000
employed the revolutionary building technique
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00:40:51,030 --> 00:40:54,030
of reinforced concrete,
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00:40:54,070 --> 00:40:58,040
instead of strengthening its structure with wood alone.
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00:40:58,070 --> 00:41:02,110
the resulting factory was sturdy, spacious and efficient.
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00:38:42,200 --> 00:38:46,140
but within three years, many of america's unionized autoworkers
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00:37:55,020 --> 00:37:57,860
where workers assembled gm's cars.
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00:37:57,890 --> 00:38:01,960
and it was here on the evening of december 30, 1936,
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00:38:02,000 --> 00:38:05,700
that those workers locked themselves in and sat down.
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00:38:08,740 --> 00:38:11,940
day after day, they refused to work or to leave,
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00:38:11,970 --> 00:38:15,780
demanding better pay and union recognition.
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00:38:15,810 --> 00:38:19,280
strikes spread quickly throughout other gm factories,
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00:38:19,310 --> 00:38:22,420
and assembly line workers and police battled.
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00:38:24,690 --> 00:38:26,190
44 days later,
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00:38:26,220 --> 00:38:31,690
after its assembly lines had stopped altogether, gm gave in.
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00:38:31,730 --> 00:38:33,090
the company signed an agreement
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00:38:33,130 --> 00:38:35,360
recognizing the united auto workers
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00:38:35,400 --> 00:38:38,500
as the sole bargaining agent for its employees,
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00:38:38,530 --> 00:38:42,170
ushering in a new era for labor and industry.
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00:41:04,850 --> 00:41:06,410
the legendary packard brothers
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00:38:46,170 --> 00:38:50,110
but machines of war. weren't making cars,
374
00:38:51,980 --> 00:38:55,020
in 1940, president roosevelt ordered automakers
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00:38:55,050 --> 00:39:01,020
to retool their assembly lines for trucks, tanks and bombers.
376
00:39:01,060 --> 00:39:03,890
at the time, this plane, the b-17,
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00:39:03,920 --> 00:39:07,330
most advanced aircraft. was one of america's
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00:39:07,360 --> 00:39:10,800
to handle production of a new, longer-range b-24,
379
00:39:10,830 --> 00:39:16,540
henry ford built a revolutionary assembly plant--willow run.
380
00:39:16,570 --> 00:39:19,340
factory at the time, it was the world's largest
381
00:39:19,370 --> 00:39:24,010
turning out one b-24 every hour, at its peak.
382
00:39:24,040 --> 00:39:27,150
each new plane took its first flight from here,
383
00:39:27,180 --> 00:39:30,250
the willow run airfield in ypsilanti.
384
00:39:32,490 --> 00:39:33,690
by the war's end,
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00:43:29,290 --> 00:43:31,890
businesses were looted, buildings burned,
386
00:42:49,120 --> 00:42:52,720
newcomers looking for work faced housing shortages.
387
00:42:52,750 --> 00:42:55,320
white police abuse in african american neighborhoods
388
00:42:55,360 --> 00:42:58,360
fueled existing racial tensions.
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00:42:58,390 --> 00:43:02,260
by 1967, it had all reached a fever pitch.
390
00:43:02,300 --> 00:43:06,600
and then, on a hot july night, the city exploded.
391
00:43:08,440 --> 00:43:10,240
it started here at this intersection
392
00:43:10,270 --> 00:43:12,640
at clairmount avenue and 12th street,
393
00:43:12,670 --> 00:43:16,040
just blocks from the motown studio.
394
00:43:16,080 --> 00:43:18,380
dozens of people had gathered at a small bar
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00:43:18,410 --> 00:43:22,520
for an after-hours party to celebrate two vietnam vets.
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00:43:22,550 --> 00:43:24,890
but the police raided the gathering
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00:43:24,920 --> 00:43:27,350
and violence broke out.
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00:43:27,390 --> 00:43:29,260
a riot began.
399
00:42:44,380 --> 00:42:49,080
by the end of the 1960s, unemployment was on the rise.
400
00:43:31,930 --> 00:43:34,290
and the violence quickly spread.
401
00:43:34,330 --> 00:43:37,700
even the national guard was unable to bring order.
402
00:43:37,730 --> 00:43:42,240
by the time the famous detroit riots subsided five days later,
403
00:43:42,270 --> 00:43:46,770
43 people were dead and thousands injured.
404
00:43:46,810 --> 00:43:49,710
since the riots, it's been more than 40 years
405
00:43:49,740 --> 00:43:52,980
but detroit still struggles with uneasy race relations,
406
00:43:53,010 --> 00:43:56,320
poverty, and crime--
407
00:43:56,350 --> 00:44:00,820
problems that are symbolized by one famous city street--
408
00:44:00,850 --> 00:44:02,190
8 mile.
409
00:44:05,260 --> 00:44:08,560
this long, straight road is a literal dividing line
410
00:44:08,600 --> 00:44:11,400
that marks the boundary between the city of detroit
411
00:44:11,430 --> 00:44:13,330
and its northern suburbs.
412
00:41:58,170 --> 00:42:00,100
where round-the-clock recording sessions
413
00:41:06,450 --> 00:41:10,320
stopped producing their luxury cars here in 1956,
414
00:41:10,350 --> 00:41:14,260
unable to stay competitive with the big three.
415
00:41:14,290 --> 00:41:16,720
their nearly mile-long plant has become
416
00:41:16,760 --> 00:41:20,660
one of the most visible symbols of detroit's decline.
417
00:41:28,000 --> 00:41:32,140
but while detroit companies like packard were starting to falter,
418
00:41:32,170 --> 00:41:35,140
music began to thrive.
419
00:41:35,180 --> 00:41:39,950
motor city was reborn as motown.
420
00:41:39,980 --> 00:41:44,550
in 1959, a young composer and entrepreneur named berry gordy
421
00:41:44,590 --> 00:41:49,290
bought this unassuming house on detroit's grand avenue.
422
00:41:49,320 --> 00:41:50,720
he turned it into the headquarters
423
00:41:50,760 --> 00:41:53,690
of his new motown records.
424
00:41:53,730 --> 00:41:56,900
soon, history was being made in "studio a,"
425
00:41:56,930 --> 00:41:58,130
a converted basement
426
00:25:41,760 --> 00:25:44,260
the designer of new york's central park,
427
00:42:00,130 --> 00:42:03,070
produced the distinctive motown sound.
428
00:42:05,810 --> 00:42:10,240
a stunning array of local talent sang and socialized here--
429
00:42:10,280 --> 00:42:13,150
smokey robinson, diana ross and the supremes,
430
00:42:13,180 --> 00:42:16,880
the temptations, and stevie wonder.
431
00:42:16,920 --> 00:42:19,850
the "hit factory," gordy's studio, also called
432
00:42:19,890 --> 00:42:22,760
produced more than 100 top ten singles.
433
00:42:24,220 --> 00:42:26,030
today, these historic studios
434
00:42:26,060 --> 00:42:28,560
have been turned into the motown museum,
435
00:42:28,600 --> 00:42:32,930
and the motown label is now headquartered in new york.
436
00:42:32,970 --> 00:42:37,170
gordy sold it to mca records in 1988.
437
00:42:37,200 --> 00:42:39,770
the popular soulful tunes of motown
438
00:42:39,810 --> 00:42:44,350
echoed across an ever-changing detroit.
439
00:09:00,160 --> 00:09:03,390
today, dearborn is home to the largest mosque
440
00:08:17,610 --> 00:08:19,480
to disembark here.
441
00:08:19,520 --> 00:08:21,380
three presidents did, too--
442
00:08:21,420 --> 00:08:25,090
roosevelt, hoover and truman.
443
00:08:25,120 --> 00:08:29,360
the last train left michigan station more than 20 years ago.
444
00:08:29,390 --> 00:08:31,760
its platforms stand empty--
445
00:08:31,790 --> 00:08:33,860
platforms that were once the last stop
446
00:08:33,900 --> 00:08:35,970
for thousands of workers seeking jobs
447
00:08:36,000 --> 00:08:37,830
on detroit's assembly lines.
448
00:08:39,540 --> 00:08:43,010
and they came from all over the world.
449
00:08:46,840 --> 00:08:49,950
as the demand for cars rose across the country,
450
00:08:49,980 --> 00:08:53,080
automakers needed labor to build them.
451
00:08:53,120 --> 00:08:56,590
tens of thousands flocked to michigan looking for work,
452
00:08:56,620 --> 00:09:00,120
many from as far away as the middle east.
453
00:08:15,140 --> 00:08:17,580
the only famous passenger charlie chaplin wasn't
454
00:09:03,430 --> 00:09:05,330
in the united states.
455
00:09:05,360 --> 00:09:07,730
of all dearborn residents that's because one third
456
00:09:07,760 --> 00:09:11,030
claim arab-american heritage.
457
00:09:11,070 --> 00:09:13,100
of immigrants from lebanon dearborn's population
458
00:09:13,140 --> 00:09:15,570
and syria and other countries in the middle east
459
00:09:15,600 --> 00:09:18,510
grew rapidly in the early 20th century.
460
00:09:18,540 --> 00:09:20,680
most were christian, but later,
461
00:09:20,710 --> 00:09:24,180
increasing numbers of muslim arabs arrived.
462
00:09:24,210 --> 00:09:28,480
and in 1963, the community built this mosque,
463
00:09:28,520 --> 00:09:31,550
the islamic center of america.
464
00:09:31,590 --> 00:09:32,860
along with labor,
465
00:09:32,890 --> 00:09:34,890
the big automakers also needed something else
466
00:09:34,920 --> 00:09:36,890
to keep their assembly lines moving...
467
00:07:31,370 --> 00:07:35,970
by the 1970s, the fox had fallen into disrepair,
468
00:06:46,790 --> 00:06:49,860
at first, real gold covered its tower,
469
00:06:49,890 --> 00:06:52,230
but that was removed during world war ii
470
00:06:52,260 --> 00:06:54,960
for fear that the fisher building would become the target
471
00:06:55,000 --> 00:06:56,630
of enemy bombers.
472
00:07:02,040 --> 00:07:07,280
the 1920s, its culture thrived. as detroit's skyline expanded in
473
00:07:09,210 --> 00:07:13,420
the fox theatre opened its doors in 1928.
474
00:07:13,450 --> 00:07:16,350
funded by movie pioneer william fox,
475
00:07:16,390 --> 00:07:17,920
it was the first in the world
476
00:07:17,950 --> 00:07:21,220
to have built-in equipment for sound.
477
00:07:21,260 --> 00:07:24,030
later, it became a venue for live shows.
478
00:07:24,060 --> 00:07:25,560
sinatra, elvis,
479
00:07:25,590 --> 00:07:28,660
and native detroiters the temptations and eminem
480
00:07:28,700 --> 00:07:31,330
have all performed here.
481
00:09:38,590 --> 00:09:40,360
raw materials.
482
00:07:36,010 --> 00:07:40,180
but a $12.5 million renovation has recently restored
483
00:07:40,210 --> 00:07:42,980
this art deco landmark.
484
00:07:43,010 --> 00:07:44,810
great architecture not all of detroit's
485
00:07:44,850 --> 00:07:48,680
from its heyday in the 1920s has been so lucky.
486
00:07:51,250 --> 00:07:53,820
this is michigan central station--
487
00:07:53,860 --> 00:07:56,730
or what's left of it.
488
00:07:56,760 --> 00:07:58,790
when it opened in 1913,
489
00:07:58,830 --> 00:08:02,670
it was the tallest railway station in the world.
490
00:08:02,700 --> 00:08:04,800
roman baths inspired the design
491
00:08:04,830 --> 00:08:08,500
of its grand station on the lower floors.
492
00:08:08,540 --> 00:08:10,470
during the heyday of rail travel,
493
00:08:10,510 --> 00:08:15,110
up to 200 trains arrived and departed from here every day.
494
00:11:51,760 --> 00:11:57,770
and a giant wall of sand towering above lake michigan.
495
00:11:08,180 --> 00:11:10,520
called the wisconsin glacier.
496
00:11:12,320 --> 00:11:16,230
after that ice melted roughly 14,000 years ago,
497
00:11:16,260 --> 00:11:18,830
paleo indians arrived.
498
00:11:18,860 --> 00:11:24,030
they hunted mastodons and mammoths, caribou and beaver.
499
00:11:24,070 --> 00:11:27,140
more recently, descendants of these early tribes
500
00:11:27,170 --> 00:11:31,610
in dugout canoes, explored the area's waterways
501
00:11:31,640 --> 00:11:32,940
fishing the many inlets
502
00:11:32,980 --> 00:11:36,150
that still line michigan's coast today.
503
00:11:36,180 --> 00:11:38,810
from the air, this is as varied a shoreline
504
00:11:38,850 --> 00:11:40,720
as any in north america.
505
00:11:42,120 --> 00:11:44,650
endless beaches,
506
00:11:44,690 --> 00:11:49,530
remote pine forests that reach right down to the water,
507
00:11:49,560 --> 00:11:51,730
miles of marsh,
508
00:11:05,110 --> 00:11:08,150
once this area was covered by a great sheet of ice
509
00:11:59,700 --> 00:12:03,240
national lakeshore... it's called sleeping bear dunes
510
00:12:04,910 --> 00:12:08,580
...and is often ranked among the nation's tallest sand dunes.
511
00:12:08,610 --> 00:12:10,980
but that's not quite accurate.
512
00:12:11,010 --> 00:12:13,150
this isn't a typical dune.
513
00:12:14,950 --> 00:12:17,890
the sand on its surface actually rests atop a bluff
514
00:12:17,920 --> 00:12:20,860
of rock and gravel left by a glacier,
515
00:12:20,890 --> 00:12:24,090
a perched dune. which is why it's called
516
00:12:24,130 --> 00:12:29,130
but scientists say that it may not be perched here for long.
517
00:12:29,160 --> 00:12:32,230
westerly winds off lake michigan are moving sleeping bear dune
518
00:12:32,270 --> 00:12:35,570
inland at an average rate of two feet per year.
519
00:12:37,310 --> 00:12:41,180
from top to bottom. it's 450 feet high
520
00:12:41,210 --> 00:12:45,080
climbing back up can be hard work.
521
00:12:45,110 --> 00:12:47,620
pulitzer prize-winning author carl sandburg
522
00:10:20,740 --> 00:10:22,840
and will be used to build roads.
523
00:09:40,400 --> 00:09:43,600
and the most important of these was steel.
524
00:09:44,930 --> 00:09:47,440
to ensure his factories had a steady supply,
525
00:09:47,470 --> 00:09:50,140
ford built this plant.
526
00:09:50,170 --> 00:09:52,710
first fired up nearly a century ago,
527
00:09:52,740 --> 00:09:57,280
this facility once supplied the steel for model ts.
528
00:09:57,310 --> 00:09:58,510
now it's being upgraded
529
00:09:58,550 --> 00:10:00,980
to turn out lightweight, rust-resistant body panels
530
00:10:01,020 --> 00:10:03,490
for new models of cars.
531
00:10:03,520 --> 00:10:05,290
it's owned by severstal,
532
00:10:05,320 --> 00:10:08,020
steel companies. one of russia's largest
533
00:10:10,490 --> 00:10:14,730
steel in michigan remains a burning hot business.
534
00:10:14,760 --> 00:10:17,230
this fiery liquid, called slag,
535
00:10:17,270 --> 00:10:20,700
is a byproduct of turning iron ore into steel
536
00:06:43,520 --> 00:06:46,760
a "cathedral to commerce."
537
00:10:27,140 --> 00:10:29,810
the automotive industry has driven michigan's economy
538
00:10:29,850 --> 00:10:32,650
for more than a century.
539
00:10:32,680 --> 00:10:36,220
but out beyond its assembly lines and towers of industry,
540
00:10:36,250 --> 00:10:39,460
michigan is a very different land,
541
00:10:39,490 --> 00:10:44,460
a land defined since its earliest beginnings by water.
542
00:10:46,560 --> 00:10:48,560
in the state it's said that every resident
543
00:10:48,600 --> 00:10:50,470
is less than 85 miles
544
00:10:50,500 --> 00:10:53,570
from one of four of america's great lakes--
545
00:10:53,600 --> 00:10:56,070
erie in the southeast,
546
00:10:56,110 --> 00:10:58,470
huron to its east,
547
00:10:58,510 --> 00:11:00,780
superior to the north,
548
00:11:00,810 --> 00:11:03,380
or michigan on its west coast.
549
00:02:41,380 --> 00:02:44,110
this horseless carriage was the first lightweight,
550
00:02:00,440 --> 00:02:03,040
except for one truck.
551
00:02:03,070 --> 00:02:05,340
a proving ground-- this is what's called
552
00:02:05,380 --> 00:02:06,940
a place where america's automakers
553
00:02:06,980 --> 00:02:09,950
put their latest vehicles through tough tests
554
00:02:09,980 --> 00:02:12,820
before rolling them out across the country.
555
00:02:14,150 --> 00:02:17,720
it was the automobile that transformed michigan
556
00:02:17,750 --> 00:02:19,990
into one of the greatest manufacturing centers
557
00:02:20,020 --> 00:02:21,930
in the world.
558
00:02:21,960 --> 00:02:27,460
and much of that credit belongs to one car known as the model t.
559
00:02:29,530 --> 00:02:32,140
it all started here in dearborn,
560
00:02:32,170 --> 00:02:34,400
just a few miles east of detroit.
561
00:02:35,510 --> 00:02:37,840
in 1908, the first model t
562
00:02:37,870 --> 00:02:41,340
assembly line. rolled off henry ford's
563
00:01:56,730 --> 00:02:00,400
but all of its lanes are empty, it's a weekday morning,
564
00:02:44,150 --> 00:02:48,820
reliable, and most importantly, inexpensive car ever made.
565
00:02:50,290 --> 00:02:54,720
to help convince ordinary families to buy his $850 cars,
566
00:02:54,760 --> 00:02:58,630
ford famously offered to double many of his own workers' wages
567
00:02:58,660 --> 00:03:01,600
so they, too, could afford the cars they built.
568
00:03:03,530 --> 00:03:07,940
the model t was an unimaginable success.
569
00:03:07,970 --> 00:03:09,710
over the next 19 years,
570
00:03:09,740 --> 00:03:14,010
15 million americans across the country bought model ts,
571
00:03:14,040 --> 00:03:17,710
with the automobile was born. and america's love affair
572
00:03:25,560 --> 00:03:27,520
this may be the best place to imagine
573
00:03:27,560 --> 00:03:29,630
what life was like back in the days
574
00:03:29,660 --> 00:03:31,530
when the first automobiles rolled out
575
00:03:31,560 --> 00:03:33,730
onto america's streets.
576
00:03:33,760 --> 00:03:37,830
as greenfield village. it's a place known
577
00:00:43,260 --> 00:00:45,960
headed out to entertain the world.
578
00:00:05,050 --> 00:00:06,920
michigan.
579
00:00:06,960 --> 00:00:09,530
a land of blue waters,
580
00:00:09,560 --> 00:00:11,290
brilliant skies
581
00:00:11,330 --> 00:00:13,960
and giant industry.
582
00:00:14,000 --> 00:00:16,370
it was here where timber and steel helped create
583
00:00:16,400 --> 00:00:18,500
one of the greatest manufacturing centers
584
00:00:18,540 --> 00:00:20,870
in the world...
585
00:00:20,900 --> 00:00:23,240
for invention where one man's passion
586
00:00:23,270 --> 00:00:27,640
love affair with cars, gave birth to america's
587
00:00:27,680 --> 00:00:31,920
and where icons of that industry still stand tall.
588
00:00:33,880 --> 00:00:35,250
it was from michigan
589
00:00:35,290 --> 00:00:39,760
that bootleggers once supplied america with illegal rum,
590
00:00:39,790 --> 00:00:43,230
and musical superstars from stevie wonder to madonna
591
00:03:37,870 --> 00:03:41,000
obsessed with cars, henry ford wasn't just
592
00:00:46,000 --> 00:00:48,330
aerial michigan tells the story of the workers
593
00:00:48,360 --> 00:00:51,470
industrial corporation who brought america's largest
594
00:00:51,500 --> 00:00:53,100
to its knees
595
00:00:53,140 --> 00:00:56,710
and helped win battles of world war ii,
596
00:00:56,740 --> 00:00:59,510
where a hometown team reigns supreme
597
00:00:59,540 --> 00:01:02,650
in one of the biggest rivalries in american sports.
598
00:01:04,450 --> 00:01:06,220
thanks to its unique shape,
599
00:01:06,250 --> 00:01:09,250
locals often call their state "the mitten."
600
00:01:10,690 --> 00:01:14,290
but the rest of the world knows this midwestern powerhouse
601
00:01:14,320 --> 00:01:16,190
as...
602
00:01:16,230 --> 00:01:17,990
michigan.
603
00:01:53,400 --> 00:01:56,700
american highway. this isn't your average
604
00:06:03,480 --> 00:06:07,080
oldsmobile, and other early automakers.
605
00:05:16,300 --> 00:05:20,200
was that it had its own hydroelectric power station.
606
00:05:20,240 --> 00:05:21,370
ford had designed it
607
00:05:21,400 --> 00:05:25,210
with help from his good friend, thomas edison.
608
00:05:25,240 --> 00:05:27,210
built on this stretch of the rouge river
609
00:05:27,240 --> 00:05:28,850
that ran through his property,
610
00:05:28,880 --> 00:05:33,350
ford installed two generators that powered the entire estate
611
00:05:33,380 --> 00:05:37,120
as well as the homes of 2,000 residents of west dearborn.
612
00:05:38,920 --> 00:05:42,530
a 300-foot-long underground tunnel carried steam,
613
00:05:42,560 --> 00:05:46,230
electricity and water from the plant to his residence.
614
00:05:48,230 --> 00:05:52,040
oddly enough, the man most responsible for a world of cars
615
00:05:52,070 --> 00:05:56,810
lived in a home that was practically carbon neutral.
616
00:05:56,840 --> 00:06:00,280
meanwhile, gas-powered vehicles of all shapes and sizes
617
00:06:00,310 --> 00:06:03,450
were rolling off the assembly lines of ford, general motors,
618
00:05:14,400 --> 00:05:16,270
what made the estate unique
619
00:06:07,120 --> 00:06:10,450
this new industry transformed michigan,
620
00:06:10,490 --> 00:06:13,290
to see that transformation and there's no better place
621
00:06:13,320 --> 00:06:15,160
than downtown detroit.
622
00:06:16,660 --> 00:06:19,630
in 1927, the seven fisher brothers,
623
00:06:19,660 --> 00:06:20,760
who owned the company
624
00:06:20,800 --> 00:06:23,370
that first mass-produced the automobile body,
625
00:06:23,400 --> 00:06:26,570
commissioned this skyscraper for their new headquarters.
626
00:06:28,140 --> 00:06:30,810
great architect albert kahn they gave michigan's
627
00:06:30,840 --> 00:06:33,410
a blank check to design a tower
628
00:06:33,440 --> 00:06:36,410
that would grace the city like none had before.
629
00:06:37,680 --> 00:06:40,250
when it was completed in 1928,
630
00:06:40,280 --> 00:06:43,490
many called it the most beautiful building in the world,
631
00:04:25,820 --> 00:04:28,720
the bus in which civil rights activist rosa parks
632
00:03:41,040 --> 00:03:44,640
he was fascinated with all kinds of inventions,
633
00:03:44,670 --> 00:03:48,080
and created an entire village just to celebrate them.
634
00:03:50,510 --> 00:03:52,220
at the heart of greenfield village
635
00:03:52,250 --> 00:03:55,890
invention factory. lies thomas edison's
636
00:03:55,920 --> 00:03:58,150
it was in this menlo park complex
637
00:03:58,190 --> 00:04:01,820
where edison first demonstrated his incandescent light bulb.
638
00:04:03,190 --> 00:04:06,030
ford moved the surviving buildings from new jersey
639
00:04:06,060 --> 00:04:08,100
and recreated the rest.
640
00:04:11,170 --> 00:04:14,900
next door lies the henry ford museum.
641
00:04:14,940 --> 00:04:17,610
it houses one of the most diverse automobile collections
642
00:04:17,640 --> 00:04:19,910
in the world.
643
00:04:19,940 --> 00:04:23,050
inside this vast complex is the limousine
644
00:04:23,080 --> 00:04:25,780
in which president kennedy was assassinated,
645
00:12:47,650 --> 00:12:50,420
has said that these dunes "are to the midwest
646
00:04:28,750 --> 00:04:30,920
refused to give up her seat,
647
00:04:30,950 --> 00:04:35,390
the first ford mustang, and the last model t ever made.
648
00:04:39,760 --> 00:04:42,630
by 1914, 1,000 model ts
649
00:04:42,670 --> 00:04:45,700
assembly lines every day, rolled off ford's
650
00:04:45,740 --> 00:04:49,610
which made him a very wealthy man.
651
00:04:49,640 --> 00:04:53,640
he bought 1,300 acres of land and commissioned a new home--
652
00:04:53,680 --> 00:04:56,580
fair lane estate.
653
00:04:56,610 --> 00:05:01,250
he warned his architects that he only wanted to spend $250,000
654
00:05:01,280 --> 00:05:03,620
on this 56-room house.
655
00:05:03,650 --> 00:05:06,690
but after hundreds of masons, carpenters and other artisans
656
00:05:06,720 --> 00:05:09,730
worked around the clock for two straight years,
657
00:05:09,760 --> 00:05:14,360
the final bill came in at nearly two million.
658
00:21:44,020 --> 00:21:47,690
quietly, in the dark, they pulled a cannon up the hill
659
00:20:59,570 --> 00:21:02,640
that can still seem lost in time.
660
00:21:04,310 --> 00:21:06,680
surrounded by waters rich in fish
661
00:21:06,720 --> 00:21:08,920
and positioned at the mouth of the straits,
662
00:21:08,950 --> 00:21:13,090
mackinac island was first inhabited by native americans,
663
00:21:13,120 --> 00:21:16,260
then french fur traders, and later, the british,
664
00:21:16,290 --> 00:21:19,260
who established this fort here in 1780.
665
00:21:21,060 --> 00:21:25,300
the u.s. government took control of the island in 1796,
666
00:21:25,330 --> 00:21:27,770
but then lost it.
667
00:21:29,500 --> 00:21:32,470
on the night of july 17, 1812,
668
00:21:32,510 --> 00:21:35,640
the 30 american troops stationed here were asleep
669
00:21:35,680 --> 00:21:39,010
when 300 british soldiers and native american allies,
670
00:21:39,050 --> 00:21:40,720
who had sailed from canada,
671
00:21:40,750 --> 00:21:43,990
landed on the backside of the island.
672
00:20:55,870 --> 00:20:59,540
but just a few miles to the east lies an island
673
00:21:47,720 --> 00:21:49,760
and aimed it at fort mackinac.
674
00:21:51,990 --> 00:21:53,530
when the americans awoke to discover
675
00:21:53,560 --> 00:21:56,430
that they were staring down the barrel of a cannon
676
00:21:56,460 --> 00:21:58,630
and were outnumbered ten-to-one,
677
00:21:58,670 --> 00:22:00,940
they surrendered without a fight.
678
00:22:03,000 --> 00:22:07,410
it was the first land engagement of the war of 1812.
679
00:22:07,440 --> 00:22:10,550
but two years later, after britain lost that war,
680
00:22:10,580 --> 00:22:13,920
fort mackinac was safely returned to u.s. hands.
681
00:22:16,420 --> 00:22:21,390
isolation is also its charm. the island's rich history and
682
00:22:21,420 --> 00:22:24,560
the story goes that someone once brought a car to the island,
683
00:22:24,590 --> 00:22:28,400
but after it scared the horses here, it was banned.
684
00:22:28,430 --> 00:22:31,530
horse carriages and bicycles are now the only vehicles
685
00:22:31,570 --> 00:22:33,640
allowed on mackinac's streets.
686
00:20:10,030 --> 00:20:13,960
was "destined to remain forever a wilderness."
687
00:19:28,580 --> 00:19:31,590
in the 1830s, the population of the michigan territory
688
00:19:31,620 --> 00:19:33,320
reached 60,000,
689
00:19:33,360 --> 00:19:36,530
which meant it could now apply for u.s. statehood.
690
00:19:36,560 --> 00:19:40,560
but at the time, michigan and ohio were in a nasty battle
691
00:19:40,600 --> 00:19:43,260
over a piece of land sandwiched between them,
692
00:19:43,300 --> 00:19:44,700
which would have given each state
693
00:19:44,730 --> 00:19:49,140
potentially lucrative shipping routes to the mississippi river.
694
00:19:49,170 --> 00:19:53,580
this piece of land is now known as the toledo strip.
695
00:19:53,610 --> 00:19:55,210
the federal government finally awarded
696
00:19:55,240 --> 00:19:59,480
the 468-square-mile toledo strip to ohio,
697
00:19:59,510 --> 00:20:02,850
and in compensation gave 9,000 square miles
698
00:20:02,880 --> 00:20:05,520
in the upper peninsula to michigan.
699
00:20:07,260 --> 00:20:09,990
at the time, many here thought that the u.p.
700
00:22:35,840 --> 00:22:38,940
perched high above the straits is the grand hotel.
701
00:20:14,000 --> 00:20:18,470
little did anyone know, their new land held buried treasure.
702
00:20:20,140 --> 00:20:22,840
just five years after michigan received statehood,
703
00:20:22,870 --> 00:20:25,610
vast deposits of copper and other precious ore
704
00:20:25,640 --> 00:20:28,710
were discovered in the u.p.
705
00:20:28,740 --> 00:20:31,910
soon, this forested region bustled with miners
706
00:20:31,950 --> 00:20:34,880
who produced more than five million tons of copper
707
00:20:34,920 --> 00:20:37,690
by the mid-20th century.
708
00:20:37,720 --> 00:20:40,290
those days are now gone.
709
00:20:40,320 --> 00:20:44,090
the last copper mines closed here in 1995.
710
00:20:44,130 --> 00:20:48,030
and the forests of the u.p. are quiet again.
711
00:20:51,600 --> 00:20:53,600
the mighty mac bridge finally connected
712
00:20:53,640 --> 00:20:55,840
michigan's two peninsulas,
713
00:24:55,910 --> 00:25:00,180
a few years later, prohibition was in full swing,
714
00:24:14,200 --> 00:24:18,810
in 1902, henry leland founded cadillac automobiles,
715
00:24:18,840 --> 00:24:20,340
which general motors turned into
716
00:24:20,380 --> 00:24:23,250
best known luxury cars. one of america's
717
00:24:24,750 --> 00:24:27,150
a major shipping route detroit's location on
718
00:24:27,180 --> 00:24:29,120
and its close proximity to raw materials
719
00:24:29,150 --> 00:24:30,650
like ore and timber
720
00:24:30,690 --> 00:24:34,660
helped it grow into an important industrial and financial center,
721
00:24:34,690 --> 00:24:38,660
one that rivaled san francisco, chicago and new york city.
722
00:24:40,900 --> 00:24:42,730
but during the 1920s,
723
00:24:42,760 --> 00:24:45,370
detroit had something very important
724
00:24:45,400 --> 00:24:47,170
that these cities didn't.
725
00:24:49,100 --> 00:24:53,040
in 1919, the u.s. government banned the sale and consumption
726
00:24:53,070 --> 00:24:55,880
of alcohol across the country.
727
00:24:07,330 --> 00:24:11,630
and he might be surprised that most americans know his name.
728
00:25:00,220 --> 00:25:04,020
and detroit was just a stone's throw from canada
729
00:25:04,050 --> 00:25:08,490
across the river, where alcohol was still legal.
730
00:25:08,520 --> 00:25:12,860
soon the city crawled with liquor smugglers and the mafia.
731
00:25:16,460 --> 00:25:18,970
detroit had no bridges to canada at the time,
732
00:25:19,000 --> 00:25:23,240
only the macarthur bridge, which led to belle isle
733
00:25:23,270 --> 00:25:25,110
in the middle of the detroit river,
734
00:25:25,140 --> 00:25:26,980
right on the canadian border.
735
00:25:28,440 --> 00:25:30,050
what made belle isle a perfect hub
736
00:25:30,080 --> 00:25:31,980
for the buying and selling of liquor
737
00:25:32,010 --> 00:25:34,020
was that it was already a popular meeting place
738
00:25:34,050 --> 00:25:37,620
and recreation center for detroiters.
739
00:25:37,650 --> 00:25:41,720
in the late 1800s, detroit had hired frederick law olmstead,
740
00:23:20,980 --> 00:23:23,250
named antoine de la mothe cadillac,
741
00:22:40,480 --> 00:22:45,410
summer since it opened in 1887. it's been full nearly every
742
00:22:45,450 --> 00:22:48,380
mark twain used to offer lectures to the hotel's guests
743
00:22:48,420 --> 00:22:49,850
for $1 each.
744
00:22:51,420 --> 00:22:56,420
the grand 660-foot-long porch is the longest in the world.
745
00:22:56,460 --> 00:22:57,760
once it was the gathering place
746
00:22:57,790 --> 00:23:01,160
for just about everyone on this tiny island.
747
00:23:01,200 --> 00:23:02,360
and it was on this porch
748
00:23:02,400 --> 00:23:04,630
where actors christopher reeve and jane seymour
749
00:23:04,670 --> 00:23:09,340
filmed the romantic cult classic somewhere in time.
750
00:23:09,370 --> 00:23:11,540
but this island also played a small role
751
00:23:11,570 --> 00:23:13,680
in a much more epic tale--
752
00:23:13,710 --> 00:23:18,710
great city, detroit. the creation of michigan's
753
00:23:18,750 --> 00:23:20,950
in 1701, a french commander
754
00:19:25,450 --> 00:19:27,150
to be part of michigan.
755
00:23:23,290 --> 00:23:25,250
who was in charge of mackinac island,
756
00:23:25,290 --> 00:23:29,020
headed south and arrived on the banks of this river,
757
00:23:29,060 --> 00:23:32,730
which links lake erie with lake huron.
758
00:23:32,760 --> 00:23:34,300
cadillac had been given permission
759
00:23:34,330 --> 00:23:37,200
from the french government to build a fort here.
760
00:23:37,230 --> 00:23:40,740
he wanted to keep this vital waterway out of british hands
761
00:23:40,770 --> 00:23:44,210
and reap personal profits by controlling trade,
762
00:23:44,240 --> 00:23:48,540
especially trade in rum to native americans.
763
00:23:48,580 --> 00:23:52,810
he claimed his new fort would be "the paradise of north america."
764
00:23:55,850 --> 00:23:59,250
it was named detroit after the french word "le detroit,"
765
00:23:59,290 --> 00:24:01,020
or "the strait."
766
00:24:03,220 --> 00:24:07,300
cadillac would have a hard time recognizing the place today.
767
00:15:17,170 --> 00:15:21,600
in the old days, cargo had to be carried around nearby rapids.
768
00:14:30,050 --> 00:14:33,760
he had documented more than 2,000 miles of shoreline.
769
00:14:38,830 --> 00:14:40,800
he also founded a jesuit mission
770
00:14:40,830 --> 00:14:43,230
the canadian border on what's now
771
00:14:43,270 --> 00:14:46,170
in the northernmost part of the state.
772
00:14:46,200 --> 00:14:49,710
that settlement became the city of sault sainte marie,
773
00:14:49,740 --> 00:14:52,510
which is among the oldest cities in the united states
774
00:14:52,540 --> 00:14:55,180
and home to the soo locks.
775
00:14:57,310 --> 00:15:00,320
all freighters sailing from new york, chicago or detroit
776
00:15:00,350 --> 00:15:01,550
to lake superior
777
00:15:01,580 --> 00:15:03,750
have to travel through these locks.
778
00:15:05,890 --> 00:15:07,820
the reason the locks are necessary
779
00:15:07,860 --> 00:15:12,030
is because the water level in lake superior is 21 feet higher
780
00:15:12,060 --> 00:15:14,100
than that in lake huron.
781
00:14:26,680 --> 00:14:30,020
but by the time the expedition was done five months later,
782
00:15:21,640 --> 00:15:23,170
but in 1853,
783
00:15:23,210 --> 00:15:25,770
the state of michigan commissioned these locks
784
00:15:25,810 --> 00:15:29,250
so a single vessel could travel throughout all the great lakes
785
00:15:29,280 --> 00:15:31,780
without having to transfer its cargo.
786
00:15:34,750 --> 00:15:37,350
this bulk carrier, indiana harbor,
787
00:15:37,390 --> 00:15:39,920
is on its way south.
788
00:15:39,960 --> 00:15:43,330
it arrived in the lock at the level of lake superior.
789
00:15:43,360 --> 00:15:46,800
now water from the lock is being released,
790
00:15:46,830 --> 00:15:51,230
lowering the ship 21 feet to the same water level as lake huron.
791
00:15:52,770 --> 00:15:55,270
from here, this 1,000-foot-long vessel
792
00:15:55,300 --> 00:15:59,070
will carry its cargo of iron ore down to steel plants in michigan
793
00:15:59,110 --> 00:16:01,110
and other midwestern states.
794
00:16:02,540 --> 00:16:06,480
to lower a ship this size, it takes just 12 minutes.
795
00:13:35,400 --> 00:13:38,430
today, this one on big sable point
796
00:12:50,450 --> 00:12:52,650
what the grand canyon is to arizona
797
00:12:52,690 --> 00:12:55,160
and the yosemite to california--
798
00:12:55,190 --> 00:12:58,660
a signature of time and eternity."
799
00:13:00,960 --> 00:13:04,900
once, natural landmarks like this one on michigan's coast
800
00:13:04,930 --> 00:13:07,970
helped guide the native americans and european explorers
801
00:13:08,000 --> 00:13:11,170
who first navigated the great lakes,
802
00:13:11,210 --> 00:13:15,140
do for ship captains today. just as michigan's lighthouses
803
00:13:17,010 --> 00:13:19,410
there are more than 120 lighthouses
804
00:13:19,450 --> 00:13:21,820
on michigan's shores.
805
00:13:21,850 --> 00:13:26,320
state, including maine. that's more than in any other
806
00:13:26,360 --> 00:13:29,560
efforts are under way to save these historic structures
807
00:13:29,590 --> 00:13:32,290
since many of these beacons are no longer in service,
808
00:13:32,330 --> 00:13:33,900
at least for ships.
809
00:16:07,950 --> 00:16:11,120
and workers here know that there's no time to waste.
810
00:13:38,470 --> 00:13:40,970
is being used to pop the question.
811
00:13:45,440 --> 00:13:48,340
one reason there are so many lighthouses in michigan
812
00:13:48,380 --> 00:13:52,510
is because this state has a very long coast--
813
00:13:52,550 --> 00:13:54,980
more than 3,200 miles,
814
00:13:55,020 --> 00:13:58,750
making it the longest freshwater coast of any state.
815
00:14:00,390 --> 00:14:04,030
not the easiest shoreline to map in a canoe!
816
00:14:05,560 --> 00:14:09,800
priest tried to do in the 1670s. but that's what a french jesuit
817
00:14:11,430 --> 00:14:13,540
hoping to find a passage to china
818
00:14:13,570 --> 00:14:16,470
and convert a few native americans along the way,
819
00:14:16,510 --> 00:14:20,210
father jacques marquette set off with a party in two canoes
820
00:14:20,240 --> 00:14:23,210
to explore and map the shores of the great lakes.
821
00:14:24,810 --> 00:14:26,650
he never found his passage,
822
00:18:37,570 --> 00:18:42,040
but is home to only 3% of michigan's population.
823
00:17:52,720 --> 00:17:55,520
its two main cables are suspended from towers
824
00:17:55,560 --> 00:17:58,990
that soar over 500 feet into the air.
825
00:18:00,460 --> 00:18:01,860
g. mennen williams,
826
00:18:01,900 --> 00:18:04,530
the michigan governor who oversaw the project,
827
00:18:04,570 --> 00:18:07,370
announced that the bridge "ranks with the pyramids,
828
00:18:07,400 --> 00:18:11,410
the great hydroelectric dams, the skyscrapers of manhattan,
829
00:18:11,440 --> 00:18:14,140
and the panama and suez canals."
830
00:18:18,580 --> 00:18:23,050
but not everyone up here is so happy about the mighty mac.
831
00:18:23,090 --> 00:18:26,020
on the northern end of this constructed marvel
832
00:18:26,050 --> 00:18:28,990
natural one, is michigan's beloved
833
00:18:29,020 --> 00:18:30,660
the upper peninsula,
834
00:18:30,690 --> 00:18:33,160
also known as the u.p.
835
00:18:34,800 --> 00:18:37,530
the u.p. makes up almost a third of the state,
836
00:17:49,690 --> 00:17:52,690
in the western hemisphere.
837
00:18:42,070 --> 00:18:44,510
u.p. residents, who can often be identified
838
00:18:44,540 --> 00:18:46,110
by distinctive accents,
839
00:18:46,140 --> 00:18:50,010
refer to themselves as "yoopers."
840
00:18:50,050 --> 00:18:52,950
some of them wish the bridge had never been built
841
00:18:52,980 --> 00:18:56,920
and have even called those who live below it "trolls."
842
00:19:00,090 --> 00:19:02,790
some yoopers have even launched movements for the u.p.
843
00:19:02,820 --> 00:19:07,200
to secede and to establish its own 51st american state,
844
00:19:07,230 --> 00:19:11,200
to be called "superior," after their own great lake.
845
00:19:13,300 --> 00:19:15,740
it might sound far-fetched, but actually,
846
00:19:15,770 --> 00:19:18,710
the idea of an independent upper peninsula
847
00:19:18,740 --> 00:19:22,040
may not be such a crazy one.
848
00:19:22,080 --> 00:19:25,410
the fact is, most of the u.p. was not originally intended
849
00:17:00,040 --> 00:17:03,570
"mighty mac" bridge. of michigan's
850
00:16:13,160 --> 00:16:17,090
10,000 vessels pass through the soo locks every year,
851
00:16:17,130 --> 00:16:19,690
making it the busiest locks in the world.
852
00:16:21,230 --> 00:16:24,630
the soo locks lie on michigan's upper peninsula,
853
00:16:24,670 --> 00:16:26,770
a place that used to be completely separated
854
00:16:26,800 --> 00:16:29,310
from the michigan mainland,
855
00:16:29,340 --> 00:16:31,940
until a remarkable feat of engineering
856
00:16:31,970 --> 00:16:34,980
brought the two michigans together.
857
00:16:41,950 --> 00:16:45,950
in northern michigan. it's not a typical morning
858
00:16:45,990 --> 00:16:47,960
high above the straits of mackinac,
859
00:16:47,990 --> 00:16:51,460
tens of thousands of people are on the move.
860
00:16:51,490 --> 00:16:54,700
in a mass protest but they're not taking part
861
00:16:54,730 --> 00:16:57,200
or making a morning commute.
862
00:16:57,230 --> 00:17:00,000
this is the annual labor day crossing
863
00:00:01,620 --> 00:00:05,020
it has the longest freshwater coast in america...
864
00:17:03,610 --> 00:17:06,910
every year, thousands come from across the state
865
00:17:06,940 --> 00:17:08,880
to celebrate the role of this bridge
866
00:17:08,910 --> 00:17:11,880
upper and lower peninsulas. in linking michigan's
867
00:17:14,420 --> 00:17:18,920
once, this divided state was part of a single landmass
868
00:17:18,950 --> 00:17:23,190
until it was severed by retreating glacial ice.
869
00:17:23,230 --> 00:17:25,390
as surrounding waters flowed in,
870
00:17:25,430 --> 00:17:27,460
they formed the straits of mackinac
871
00:17:27,500 --> 00:17:31,800
that now divide michigan into two very different pieces.
872
00:17:33,770 --> 00:17:37,040
the only way to cross the straits was by air or water,
873
00:17:37,070 --> 00:17:42,140
but in 1957, the mackinac bridge was completed.
874
00:17:42,180 --> 00:17:47,280
its span measures in at 26,372 feet,
875
00:17:47,320 --> 00:17:49,650
making it the longest suspension bridge
70545
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