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The family is one of the most
powerful forces in nature.
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00:00:16,754 --> 00:00:19,795
Family life is full of wonder,
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00:00:21,555 --> 00:00:23,040
beauty
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00:00:24,114 --> 00:00:25,520
and drama.
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00:00:32,075 --> 00:00:35,040
For the past four years
we've been following
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some of the most celebrated
and endangered species on Earth.
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00:00:52,354 --> 00:00:56,715
We followed the fortune of some,
here on the planes of Zimbabwe
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00:00:58,114 --> 00:01:00,834
to the jungles of India,
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00:01:05,675 --> 00:01:08,040
from the edge of the Sahara
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00:01:09,035 --> 00:01:12,555
to the frozen wastes of Antarctica.
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00:01:13,994 --> 00:01:17,915
We join each family
at a crucial moment in their lives
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00:01:18,035 --> 00:01:20,754
when they're battling against the odds
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00:01:23,354 --> 00:01:25,360
fighting for survival
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00:01:27,635 --> 00:01:29,795
against the elements
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00:01:33,314 --> 00:01:35,555
and against rivals.
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00:01:39,994 --> 00:01:44,075
We have got closer
and filmed in greater length
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00:01:44,275 --> 00:01:48,035
and in more detail than we've
ever tried to do before.
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00:01:51,915 --> 00:01:53,520
In our modern world,
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ensuring the survival
of the next generation
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00:01:56,354 --> 00:01:58,475
is becoming ever more difficult.
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For these families,
to win against the odds
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will be their greatest challenge.
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00:02:08,235 --> 00:02:10,235
This is Dynasties.
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Senegal, West Africa.
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Home to a remarkable group
of chimpanzees.
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It gets so hot and dry here,
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it's the very limit
of where they can survive.
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This territory is ruled by one
strong and determined leader.
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An alpha male known as David.
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00:03:19,555 --> 00:03:23,235
His rule gets him
the best of everything.
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00:03:26,035 --> 00:03:28,360
But he can trust no one.
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He is surrounded by rivals
prepared to kill him for his crown.
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00:03:47,235 --> 00:03:49,120
This is a story
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of power, politics
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00:03:53,994 --> 00:03:56,354
and the fight for survival.
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00:04:23,435 --> 00:04:26,080
David's torn ears are testament
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to the many battles he's fought and won
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00:04:29,314 --> 00:04:33,555
to protect his status and his family.
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00:04:38,754 --> 00:04:42,275
He has ruled over his troupe
for three years.
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00:04:48,114 --> 00:04:53,155
Leaders here don't usually hold power
for much longer than this.
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00:04:56,114 --> 00:04:59,195
And now, as the dry season begins,
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00:04:59,635 --> 00:05:02,915
David's rivals are gathering again.
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00:05:11,955 --> 00:05:17,040
The successful alpha males normally
have many allies to support them.
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00:05:22,435 --> 00:05:24,715
But David is alone.
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00:05:28,875 --> 00:05:31,715
He has never been more vulnerable.
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00:05:42,595 --> 00:05:46,515
In the dry season these huge
mounds of earth are magnets
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for all 32 chimps in the group.
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00:06:00,994 --> 00:06:03,560
The mounds are full of food,
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rich in fat and protein.
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00:06:15,834 --> 00:06:17,160
Termites.
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00:06:33,314 --> 00:06:36,600
These chimps have learnt
to use grass stems as tools
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00:06:36,675 --> 00:06:40,035
to fish out the insects.
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00:06:45,555 --> 00:06:48,994
As leader, David gets his pick
of the feeding spots.
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00:06:55,075 --> 00:07:00,314
But he is vary, as he must feed
alongside old enemies.
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00:07:03,994 --> 00:07:07,275
He has two particularly
ambitious rivals.
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00:07:09,955 --> 00:07:12,800
David's toes begin to twitch,
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00:07:12,875 --> 00:07:15,635
a nervous tic he can't conceal.
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00:07:24,155 --> 00:07:26,075
This is Jumpkin,
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00:07:26,314 --> 00:07:29,560
who has long sought the top spot.
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00:07:37,875 --> 00:07:40,235
And this, Luther,
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00:07:43,754 --> 00:07:46,000
a tempestuous younger male
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00:07:48,275 --> 00:07:50,400
with an aggresive streak.
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00:08:02,354 --> 00:08:05,834
The troupe is together
for the first time in months,
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and jostling for good feeding spots
can easily lead to clashes.
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00:08:18,314 --> 00:08:22,875
It's vital that David keeps order
and defuses the situation.
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00:08:24,235 --> 00:08:26,675
All eyes are on him.
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His display shows he is in control.
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00:08:42,595 --> 00:08:45,120
But in chimp society
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strength alone is not enough.
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00:08:49,875 --> 00:08:53,875
David must be political
to hold onto power.
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He needs to make an ally.
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This is K. L.
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He's strong, but gray-bearded
and past the age
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where he would challenge
for the role of alpha.
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00:09:18,435 --> 00:09:20,435
David makes an approach.
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00:09:32,715 --> 00:09:36,235
Grooming builds bonds of friendship,
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buying support and giving
benefits in return.
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00:09:50,675 --> 00:09:53,834
You scratch my back
and I'll scratch yours.
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00:10:01,994 --> 00:10:06,754
Only time will tell if this
new alliance will pay off.
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00:10:24,475 --> 00:10:26,635
Temperatures soar.
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It's already 40 degrees.
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The arid land might seem
one giant sandpit for the infants,
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but for the adults
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existing tensions are
starting to surface.
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And David has his eye on Jumpkin.
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00:11:48,834 --> 00:11:51,834
Jumpkin attacks an elderly female,
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it's a display of his aspirations
for power.
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00:12:16,475 --> 00:12:18,955
David can't tolerate this,
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00:12:21,114 --> 00:12:23,235
but K. L. steps in.
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00:12:33,834 --> 00:12:36,515
And gives Jumpkin a sharp lesson.
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It's swiftly followed
by one from David himself.
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00:13:03,155 --> 00:13:06,395
With a final huge lunge at his rival,
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Jumpkin comes crashing down.
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00:13:21,635 --> 00:13:27,114
Together, David and K. L. are now
a force to be reckoned with.
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00:14:40,075 --> 00:14:44,675
Fires destroy three quarters
of the group's territory.
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00:14:51,675 --> 00:14:55,795
Much of their food and shelter
has gone.
97
00:15:05,275 --> 00:15:08,915
And with temperatures
continuing to rise,
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00:15:10,595 --> 00:15:13,754
water is becoming perilously scarce.
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00:15:22,915 --> 00:15:26,754
The group must stick together
to survive.
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00:15:34,395 --> 00:15:38,195
Gathering in a dried-out river bed,
they use knowledge
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passed down from generation
to generation.
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A hidden water source
under the parched earth.
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00:16:10,275 --> 00:16:14,595
For David there is more than
just draught to worry about.
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00:16:21,915 --> 00:16:24,475
He can't avoid his rivals.
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00:16:29,875 --> 00:16:33,875
K. L. is proving to be
a loyal ally to David
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00:16:36,354 --> 00:16:39,875
and David is going to need him
more than ever.
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By rare coincidence,
three of the seven females
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have become sexually receptive.
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00:17:06,675 --> 00:17:10,834
Their swellings attract
the attention of all the males.
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00:17:14,155 --> 00:17:18,555
The females will try to mate
with as many males as possible.
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00:17:49,354 --> 00:17:51,400
David must control them all
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to ensure that he is the one who mates.
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00:17:58,834 --> 00:18:03,834
But some of the group, like Luther,
have other ideas.
114
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All the other males see
this could be their chance.
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There has never been
a more important moment
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for David to assert his power.
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He makes the first move.
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His rivals respond with
their own display of strength
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and start to close ranks.
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00:19:01,955 --> 00:19:06,195
David and K. L. seem to be outnumbered.
121
00:19:07,114 --> 00:19:10,155
Everything turns to chaos.
122
00:20:09,235 --> 00:20:11,680
at some point during the night,
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the younger males turned on David.
124
00:21:24,155 --> 00:21:28,595
The females and their infants
come to his side
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00:21:30,275 --> 00:21:33,834
to support him and tend to his wounds.
126
00:22:47,354 --> 00:22:49,555
They can't stay here,
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00:22:51,515 --> 00:22:54,435
they and their young need water.
128
00:23:56,354 --> 00:24:00,754
The whole group move on
to the nearest water hole.
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00:24:12,354 --> 00:24:15,955
Even K. L. has to leave David behind.
130
00:25:02,595 --> 00:25:06,915
It's a six-mile trek (10 km)
to the next source of water.
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00:25:26,915 --> 00:25:30,314
David is left for dead.
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00:25:39,314 --> 00:25:42,955
there is now a power-vacuum at the top
133
00:25:43,675 --> 00:25:46,595
and Luther sees an opportunity.
134
00:26:23,035 --> 00:26:27,275
Creating fear within the group
is one way to become leader.
135
00:27:21,715 --> 00:27:24,155
He tries to intimidate the group
136
00:27:24,994 --> 00:27:27,995
but a bid for leadership
is never instant.
137
00:27:30,075 --> 00:27:33,435
He'll have to keep this up
for many days.
138
00:28:20,875 --> 00:28:22,955
Friendless and wounded,
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00:28:24,114 --> 00:28:28,435
David somehow musters the energy
to search for food.
140
00:28:37,114 --> 00:28:39,400
The has to rejoin the group
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00:28:39,475 --> 00:28:42,035
before he's exiled for good.
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But first he must regain strength.
143
00:28:51,875 --> 00:28:54,515
Time is running out.
144
00:30:05,354 --> 00:30:09,395
Remarkably, one week after the attack,
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00:30:09,635 --> 00:30:13,834
David makes the long journey
to find the group.
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00:30:51,875 --> 00:30:55,915
Luther, meanwhile, has ramped up
his bid for leadership.
147
00:31:12,075 --> 00:31:14,715
David has almost made it
148
00:31:18,435 --> 00:31:21,675
but he is in no fit state to fight.
149
00:31:26,555 --> 00:31:29,235
Luther spots David's approach.
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00:31:33,475 --> 00:31:35,875
And readies himself for battle.
151
00:31:47,195 --> 00:31:50,075
David's only chance against Luther
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is to make himself look
as strong as possible.
153
00:32:28,035 --> 00:32:31,875
Intimidated, Luther has to run.
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00:32:37,635 --> 00:32:39,875
Without a blow being struck,
155
00:32:40,635 --> 00:32:42,754
David is back.
156
00:33:17,195 --> 00:33:21,955
David is finally reunited
with his comrade, K. L.
157
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Grooming each other reaffirms
their bonds of friendship.
158
00:34:47,994 --> 00:34:52,395
For David, returning is
only half the battle.
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00:34:53,635 --> 00:34:58,094
Exhausted and fragile, he's only
hanging onto his leadership
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by a thread.
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Luther appears defeated.
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00:35:21,715 --> 00:35:24,155
With a submissive gesture,
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he seeks forgiveness from David.
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But David is unwilling to accept.
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Over the following weeks,
Luther finds himself sidelined.
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The other males now gather round David.
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And Luther has no choice
but to step in line.
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00:37:08,435 --> 00:37:12,035
David has his group
around him once more,
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00:37:12,395 --> 00:37:16,395
but he doesn't show them
how weakened he really is.
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His injuries haven't healed
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and the males could turn on him again
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at any moment.
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For now, he seems to be
fooling them all.
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He's buying himself time
to regain his strength
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before another female comes into season
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when he will face
competition once again.
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00:38:16,915 --> 00:38:21,354
At last, rain-filled clouds
bring an end to the draught.
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David's territory is transformed.
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00:40:12,435 --> 00:40:14,915
There is water everywhere
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and a glut of food.
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The pressure on the group is lifted.
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Everyone can relax a little
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after months of hardship.
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00:40:44,395 --> 00:40:47,635
David's strength
appears to be returning.
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His displays in front of the group
become ever more assertive.
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But in truth he remains weaker
187
00:41:14,275 --> 00:41:16,754
than he lets on to the others.
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00:41:28,795 --> 00:41:33,275
Whenever possible he disappears
to gather extra food.
189
00:41:45,195 --> 00:41:48,195
He gorges on everything he can find,
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fruit,
191
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leaves,
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even ants.
193
00:42:17,675 --> 00:42:20,675
He's almost back to full health
194
00:42:25,875 --> 00:42:30,235
but that alone might still not be
enough for him to hold onto power.
195
00:42:31,595 --> 00:42:34,955
Soon, another female
will be ready to mate.
196
00:42:49,675 --> 00:42:53,595
Last time one ally
was not enough for David.
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He tries a new strategy.
198
00:43:10,675 --> 00:43:13,834
He starts grooming other males.
199
00:43:22,595 --> 00:43:24,195
First one
200
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then another.
201
00:43:48,314 --> 00:43:50,440
Slowly over weeks,
202
00:43:50,515 --> 00:43:54,275
he surrounds himself
with a band of allies.
203
00:44:01,155 --> 00:44:03,354
An army of elders,
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experienced fighter,
205
00:44:06,475 --> 00:44:09,915
but too old to steal his crown.
206
00:44:14,915 --> 00:44:17,955
Now he must wait and see
if he's done enough
207
00:44:18,114 --> 00:44:22,075
to prevent a recurrence of dissent
in the ranks.
208
00:44:31,595 --> 00:44:35,275
Sure enough,
a female has come into season.
209
00:44:40,275 --> 00:44:43,195
Her swelling doesn't go unnoticed.
210
00:44:59,075 --> 00:45:02,235
The last time David was vulnerable.
211
00:45:23,075 --> 00:45:25,834
This time he has allies
212
00:45:31,354 --> 00:45:35,114
prepared to charge ahead
and clear his path.
213
00:45:46,275 --> 00:45:47,720
Displaying his strength
214
00:45:47,795 --> 00:45:51,275
reminds rivals to stay away.
215
00:46:13,275 --> 00:46:16,834
If David has fully secured
his position as alpha,
216
00:46:17,035 --> 00:46:20,314
he will be the one
who mates with the female.
217
00:46:29,834 --> 00:46:31,875
She catches his eye.
218
00:46:45,395 --> 00:46:48,715
With a number of allies
positioned throughout the group,
219
00:46:50,354 --> 00:46:53,395
None of his rivals
dare to challenge him.
220
00:46:55,555 --> 00:46:58,955
This is David's time when to mate.
221
00:47:59,635 --> 00:48:01,754
Nine months later
222
00:48:15,715 --> 00:48:17,994
a new baby boy.
223
00:48:20,715 --> 00:48:24,075
David's reward for maintaining power.
224
00:48:33,035 --> 00:48:37,635
His rule and the future of his dynasty
is secure.
225
00:48:47,675 --> 00:48:52,314
By being alpha, David will have sired
twice as many offspring
226
00:48:52,475 --> 00:48:55,395
as any other member of the group,
227
00:48:58,875 --> 00:49:01,155
and one day one of his sons
228
00:49:01,314 --> 00:49:05,555
might just have what it takes
to be a future leader.
229
00:49:16,195 --> 00:49:18,575
David has become the most powerful
230
00:49:19,295 --> 00:49:22,880
longest reigning alpha
this group has ever seen,
231
00:49:26,195 --> 00:49:30,035
but there will always be
another dry season
232
00:49:31,715 --> 00:49:36,235
and there'll always be rivals
waiting for their chance.
233
00:49:56,795 --> 00:49:59,280
The Dynasties crew spent two years
234
00:49:59,354 --> 00:50:02,595
capturing the story
of these chimpanzees.
235
00:50:07,395 --> 00:50:11,754
This is how every day begins
236
00:50:15,435 --> 00:50:19,195
walking over one and a half
a thousand miles (2400 km).
237
00:50:19,435 --> 00:50:21,975
You know it's steep when
the chimps're being careful.
238
00:50:24,875 --> 00:50:28,475
carrying around 80 kilos each day.
239
00:50:33,515 --> 00:50:36,960
In some of the hottest
temperatures on earth.
240
00:50:39,155 --> 00:50:42,114
It's got to be 46-47 degrees right now.
241
00:50:44,235 --> 00:50:47,795
I think it's fair to say
we're filming blazing fire
242
00:50:48,235 --> 00:50:50,520
when it's 40 degrees.
243
00:50:50,795 --> 00:50:53,440
Wasn't probably my best idea.
244
00:50:54,354 --> 00:50:55,880
It's crazy.
245
00:50:56,114 --> 00:50:59,754
It's the second time we've had to
run away from bees this morning.
246
00:51:00,314 --> 00:51:02,120
I've been stung,
as you might be able to tell,
247
00:51:02,195 --> 00:51:05,515
it's swollen up a little bit.
248
00:51:07,754 --> 00:51:09,160
Oh my God!
249
00:51:14,235 --> 00:51:17,075
- Has stuck a bit?
-It's pretty stuck.
250
00:51:18,955 --> 00:51:21,120
But the hardest challenge of all
251
00:51:21,195 --> 00:51:25,035
is understanding of the complextities
of the lives of these chimps.
252
00:51:25,515 --> 00:51:28,800
This is only possible thanks
to scientist Jill Pruetz
253
00:51:28,875 --> 00:51:31,560
and her team who've been
studying this troup
254
00:51:31,635 --> 00:51:33,560
for nearly 20 years.
255
00:51:34,354 --> 00:51:37,720
One of the reasons I think I like to
have people see the families of chimps
256
00:51:37,795 --> 00:51:41,000
that it is almost like a soap opera.
257
00:51:41,235 --> 00:51:43,435
There really is this...
this social group that is
258
00:51:43,715 --> 00:51:46,555
not that different from humans.
259
00:51:46,675 --> 00:51:48,675
So you have, you know, that
relationships change
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and you have different personalities.
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Jill's insights helped the team
to get to know
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all the different characters
she has given names to
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over the years,
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but right from the start
one chimp named David
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grabs everyone's attention.
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We've only been here a few days,
but immediately David stood out.
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He's really recognizable.
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He's a bit of a game-player, but
also he's often on his own.
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He's very, very carismatic,
he's got a real kind of swagger,
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he reminds me of Marlon Brando, actually,
he's got this real, kind of presence to him.
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David's one of my favourite chimps,
I may be a little biased.
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I think he's quite clever.
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I think I have him as a very strong,
you know,
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a strong-willed chimp,
a very dominant chimp.
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and he was very ambitious,
when he first became a young adult,
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and he rose up the hierarchy
really quickly for his age
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so he became alpha actually
when he was a teenager.
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constantly having to fend off challenges
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from other younger males,
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it just goes to show
it is tough being alpha,
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it's tough being at the top.
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After following David
for so many months,
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he seems almost like family
to the crew.
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So when he's violently attacked
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it's a real shock.
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Coming out this morning it's sort of
heart-breaking to see this
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thimp that was so powerful.
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Oh, it doesn't look good.
He's covered with flies.
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He's looking really bad, actually.
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And he's a frail old man, suddenly.
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Like he's ready to die, almost.
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The following day
their concerns deepen.
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We arrived at five o'clock this morning
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we've not been able to find
any of the chimps,
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we've no idea what condition David's in
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and he's in a bad way already.
He needs some luck.
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Sort of worried about
him and his state.
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I just really hope he's OK.
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We're still looking.
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They check the remote camera
of the water hole
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where they hope David
might have gone to drink.
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So I've just gone from the beginning
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and it looks like David
hasn't been to drink yet.
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Michel's just found some tracks.
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How he finds these thing I don't know,
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but there's a chance
we might catch up with him.
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Good sign. Let's go.
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Luckily, the tracks do indeed
lead to David.
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We've been really worried
with the extent of his injuries,
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we didn't know if he was alive,
or if he wass ever coming back.
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He came right back in and
maintained the alpha status.
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David has been alpha for almost double
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what we've seen with the other alphas.
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He's been challanged a few times,
but he's been able to hold on.
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00:56:03,075 --> 00:56:07,235
We saw him not only
nearly lose his position
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in the hierarchy, but we saw him
nearly lose his life.
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The injuries he sustained
in the last coup
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would have been enough to kill me.
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00:56:19,314 --> 00:56:22,435
David has been able to overcome
the many challenges
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that come from within,
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but there's a greater threat
that he and his group face.
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In Senegal, right now,
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the main threat to chimpanzees
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is the gold rush, which just
obliterates huge areas.
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Less than a decade ago,
the prices of gold rose
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00:56:39,635 --> 00:56:42,160
and people have intensified
gold mining,
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so that it really has increased
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the number of people here.
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Chimps here have lived alongside
people for thousands of years.
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David's group has so far
adapted to life alongside humans
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in a remarkable way,
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but with such demand for these minerals
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and ever more people
searching for gold in this region,
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habitat destruction and
poaching is inevitable.
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Yeah, there are not that many
chimpanzees left,
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the west-African chimp here in Senegal
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and in west Africa in general
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has been upgraded to
critically endangered
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because so many have been lost.
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In Senegal, the number of chimpanzees
is now just in the hundreds.
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In the last 25 years,
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80% of western chimpanzees
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have disappeared
and in the future,
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studies like Jill's will become
increasingly important
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to help conservationists
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00:57:49,875 --> 00:57:51,240
and local governments
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00:57:51,314 --> 00:57:54,120
protect the surviving chimpanzees
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not only in Senegal
but across the whole of Africa.
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