All language subtitles for The.World.At.War.1973.S01E05.720p.Blu-ray.DD5.1.x264-CtrlHD

Russia, middle of June of 1941.

A unsafe and disoriented country.

Abundam the invasion rumors
for Germany de Hitler.

In the Kremlin, the leaders of Russia

they seemed abstracted
of the Nazista threat,

or if not, in
minimum complacentes,

as if, ignoring it,
the threat could be extinguished.

However, thousand
of German troops

already they were to the long one
of the border of Russia,

ready for bloodiest
terrestrial battle of history.

The battle that eventually would go
to decide the World War II.

The World in War

Barbarossa

June - December 1941

Hitler, in July of 1940,

it comes back of France in triumph,

one met
in the height of its power.

The rapidity and certainty
of its victories

they had frightened
until its generals.

The doubts had had reply,
the opposition of them would be reduced.

It was then that Hitler disclosed,
that the Russians would be the following ones.

In the book "Mein Kampf"
Adolf Hitler wrote:

When we speak
in a new territory,

we must think about Russia,
the proper destination points with respect to there.

Russia would have yielded an area
inhabitable for the German people,

Lebensraum.

The common German, as
the Russians and the population in general,

they had been apanhados of surprise,

for the pact of Hitler with Stalin,
in August of 1939.

It and to the others, seemed
the change most reasonable

it enters the rival greaters of the world.

The pact Nazi-Soviet
the Hitler was useful.

It did not face obstacles,
when invading the Poland and France.

For its side, Stalin,
it gained maneuver space,

while its Army if recoups
of the bloody ones you purge of years 30.

It also had bet
in one he fights drawn out,

between Germany and the Allies.

But the German victories
in the Ocidente,

they had been faster
of what it waited.

Hitler wanted to attack Russia
soon in the Fall of 1940

e was left to convince,
only for this time,

that it would be impossible
to leave for the war,

in a height of those,
had to the climate in Russia

e also for being urgent

necessary e,

to remake the German Army,
as well as, the Air Force,

before initiating
this new campaign.

In August of 1939,

when Hitler signed
the pact with Russia,

to the afternoon it had a film,

that it showed the Russian troops
in stopped in front of the Kremlin.

It was sufficiently made an impression
alliviated e, because with the pact,

that army
it was neutralized.

But, later,

when the German troops
if they had joined the Russians,

in the occupation of the Poland,

the officers had communicated the Hitler,

that the armament
of those Russian units

he was very precarious.

It, first,
it did not believe very,

but when the Russians had attacked
the Finnish and had not had success

he was presumptuous of that
it was really truth.

E already did not consider
the Russian Army

so strong how much it judged.

The doubts how much to the force
of the Red Army

they increased inside
of proper Russia.

You purge them of years 30 had
decimated the leadership power.

90% of its generals,
80% of its colonels

e more than half of its
commanders had been deceased,

for the impulsive ideas
of Stalin.

All the commanders of each
military district had been eliminated.

All the commanders
of the divisions of the Army

they had been eliminated.

The regiment commanders,
e had exceptions here,

also they had been eliminated.

That is more than what
fragility politics.

The Army was decapitated,
so to speak.

After the weak performance
against the Finnish,

they had been taken measured
for its reform.

When Moscow knew
of the victory of the Wehrmacht

on the Frenchmen, these
reforms had been sped up.

Still they were incomplete
in the Summer of 1940.

Exactly thus, Stalin
it used to advantage the chance,

while Hitler if pledged
in the battle of England,

to take possetion itself, first,

of the Baltic States of the Estonia,
Letonia and Lituânia

followed e of, still in this month,
of the regions of the Romenia,

known as Bessarabia
e Bukovina of the North,

a movement that, to the eyes
of Hitler, it left the Russian troops,

too much close to the wells
of oil Rumanian of Ploesti,

the only place of supplying
of oil of the Germans,

vital for its tanks,
airplanes and ships.

But with most of its
troops still in the Ocidente,

Hitler did not intervine.

Instead of this, it exerted pressure
diplomatics on the Balkans

trying to gain its support.

First, King Boris of Bulgaria
he was invited to visit Hitler,

in this Fall, the Berchtesgarden,

following the prince Pablo,
of Yugoslavia

e the young King Michael,
of the Romenia.

Michael already was under influence
of its first-minister,

the pro-German, Antonescu.

When the notice had disclosed

that the Romenia and the Hungria,
if they had joined to the Axle,

the Russians had reacted brusquely.

They had accused Berlin to violate
the Pact of August of 1939.

The weak friendship
Soviet-German started to ruir.

In this exactly month, Hitler was
more far, fortifying the Axle.

It signed a new military alliance
with Italy and Japan.

The Tripartite Pact.

It aimed at alegadamente,
United States and England.

The Russians did not think thus.
They had protested violently.

Hitler invited the council member
next to Stalin, Molotov,

to dislocate Berlin
in November of 1940,

to help, in its to understand,
to clarear the situation.

It was a disastrous visit
for the relations Soviet-Germans.

When Molotov visited Berlin,

he is obvious that he was distrustful
of being poisoned by bacteria

e asked for that all
its plates and cups

they were boiled,
before being used.

It was rough
in its commentaries

e did not save Hitler.

Sufficiently intransigent,

difficult smile, it remembered
my teacher of Mathematics,

with its eyeglasses,

hostile eyeglasses
looking at its pupil, Hitler

e saying:"Our agreement
of the last year he continues valid?"

E Hitler thinking that it would be
one me the translation answered:

"Clearly, because not"

E Molotov said:"Yes. I ask
this because of the Finnish.

It is with very friendly relations
with the Finnish.

It invites people of the Finlândia
e sends there for missions

e the Finnish
they are very dangerous people.

They weaken our security
e we have to act how much to this.

E we go to act how much to this."

After what Hitler
it blew up and it declared:

I understand it very well.

It wants to make war against the Finlândia

e this is of question.
It heard well? Impossible.

Because mine
abastecimentos of iron, nickel

e other raw materials,
they will be cut."

He was very violent,

a championship of weight-heavy
in quarrel politics.

Still with Molotov in Berlin,

Hitler commanded its generals
that they planned the attack to Russia

for 15 of May of 1941.

They had presented a project
detailed that it assigned for:

Barbarossa operation,

as Emperor Prussiano
of ruiva beard, that it has centuries,

it takes part in a cruzade
against the Slavs.

The generals of Hitler
they believed

that attacking Russia with
England still resisting,

it would be as that to fight
in two fronts,

something that in the "Mein Kampf"
it would be the greater of the military errors.

But Hitler defended,
e with some reason,

in this Winter of 1940,

that England, still
that not being defeated,

it was not a threat.

Therefore a campaign for the East
it would be an only front,

since that it was uncurled
quickly.

Years before Hitler it had written:

"The armies do not exist
for the peace.

They only exist for the persistence
triumphant in war time."

The moral of the Wehrmacht
it was in its height.

For where to march to follow?

It could not advance on
England for land

e an amphibious combat not
it was of the affability of Hitler.

It seemed that alone a magnetism
it could impeliz it,

against its last one
antagonist in the Europe.

lmpeliz it in the same way that
Armies of Napoleão it had been,

when being left, impatient,
throughout the Canal.

East, always for East,
for the infindável Russia.

The Red Army in 1941
it was the greater of the world.

Number of tanks it exceeded,
in airplanes it equaled,

the set of the remains
armies of the entire world.

Although its imperfections,

the Red Army
most it was equipped,

of what the previous victims
of the Wehrmacht.

E its reorganization since
fiasco of the Finnish War,

well it was directed.

But and its moral?

Hitler was certain
of that wise person the reply.

"It is alone a kick in the door and all
that structure will fall for land."

The leaders of Russia still
they thought that would have time,

for its army
if to prepare to fight.

In March of 1941,

the Russian troops already had
faced the Germans,

throughout the borders with
Hungria, the Romenia and Bulgaria.

Also Yugoslavia seemed
to become a satellite of Germany,

until, encouraged for
British Private services

a public interest action in Belgrade,
it obtained to banish the nazistas.

For incredible that it seems, Moscow
it firmed a pact with the rebels.

Soon in the following day,
Hitler attacked Yugoslavia.

Irritated with the revolt, it gave to
operation the name "Retaliation".

The Operation Retaliation compelled
to postpone the Barbarossa Operation,

per five weeks crucial.

But now Russia was alert

while the Wehrmacht
it invaded its new allied one.

Hitler invaded Greece, without
that Moscow protested of new.

This inertia had
effect on Hitler.

It became it still more stubborn

e its troops easily
new victories arrebatavam.

The proper spies of Stalin
they had sent information,

on the concentration of troops
throughout its borders,

information these that
Stalin preferred to ignore.

The diplomats of the Ocidente also
they had informed it and it did not bind.

It argued with its comrades,

that for inevitable that it was
the conflict Soviet-nazista,

these information were only
a British stratagem.

The interesting one is that,
as much Roosevelt as Churchill,

each one to its way,

they had informed Stalin, that
Hitler went to attack Russia.

Stalin thought that was a trick ours,

to mobilize it and to distract,
stimulating Hitler to attack.

Stalin was well cliente of that
in the World War I,

it was the mobilization of the Czar,

that it took the emperor
Austrohungarian to attack Russia

e it did not want to be
the causer of this.

It had one suspicion
traditional and compulsory:

"When the British say
some thing,"said us Stalin,

"they must always think about the opposite.
If the British inform in them of something,

it must mean that in
they want against the Germans."

Therefore, the main reason,
it neglected all the acknowledgments.

1 of May in Moscow, 1941.

A military stop
particularly impressive,

as that reaffirming
the confidence of the Russian people,

face to all the rumors
of an imminent invasion.

The Russian diplomacy tried
still to calm Hitler,

waiting with this
to postpone any attack,

until the reforms of the Army
Red was complete.

E while the generals
they discussed,

the diplomats rationed cereals

e other raw materials
essential to Germany,

closing the eyes to the airplanes
of German recognition,

on the Soviet territory,

even though softening
the defense in the border,

not to offend Berlin.

E while the Commissioner of
Foreign affairses of Stalin,

it presses the hand to the military attaché
of Hitler, in Moscow,

three million German troops
they advanced for the border.

The biggest terrestrial battle of history
it was you give to start.

The shock was enormous
when that everything started.

I remember that night well.

It had left, I arrived
late and I bound the radio.

It was in the radio of Kharkov
or of Kiev or any another one

e arrived stories of
bombings and attacks,

I thought that it was a program
as of the Orson Welles,

where it bombed
New Iorque. One remembers?

Later we discover that it was real.

They had said that the Red Army
it would never fight in its territory.

That the first shot would be
data in enemy territory.

E suddenly, in day 22,

they had said them that Sebastopol
she was being bombed.

Kiev was being bombed,
Bombed Smolensk.

The enemy jammed, our forces.

After the success of the other campaigns,

we were confident of that
the "Barbarossa" also would have success.

The first phase of the advance
she was very fast.

We made 100 more than km per day.

Not yet we had lost a battle,

therefore, we were
accustomed to leave victorious people.

The plan of Hitler was,
with three numerous armies,

to find and to destroy the forces
Russians, in the stated period of 4 months.

I never had been in the war.

We did not have fear.

We thought that we went
to gain the war against Russia,

because the wars against
the Poland and France,

they had been victories
for Germany.

Beyond the factor surprise,
the Germans had the advantage

of an smashing superiority,
in men and armament,

in those chosen points
for the attack of its tank.

Three Russian divisions of infantry
they had been decimated in the first day

e more five destroyed.

During the passage of the River Bug,

we were attacked by several

obsolete Russian airplanes,

that they were abated immediately
e we are very made an impression

with the superiority of
our Air Force, at the beginning.

During the two first days,

two a thousand airplanes had been destroyed
Russians, the majority in the soil.

The biggest Air Force of the world had
practically been eradicated.

Without aerial protection,

the Russian troops in the border
they had lost the force and they had disappeared.

In one week, the Wehrmacht
already the half way of Moscow went.

In one month, the Germans
already they had taken,

the double of the area
of its proper country.

The Russian cities fell face
to the power of the armored cars.

In one of them the trams still circulated.

The citizens cried out with
enthusiasm to the tanks German,

thinking that they were its.

Most of the time,

very we were well received
for the population.

We had the impression of that
we would go to conquer the Russian people.

As the Frenchmen,
in the previous Summer,

the Russians operated with
tanks in small groups,

instead of the massive formations
of panzers German.

Easy to be deceptive
for the antitank Germans,

its carcasses in flames

they were spread for the battlefield.

6 a thousand Russian tanks had been lost,
in only two confrontations,

in Minsk and Smolensk,
in the month of July.

Half million of Russians had been
died in first the fifteen days

e close to a million,
made prisoners.

With passing of the weeks,
the Russian losses were accumulated,

confusing the Germans,
that they opposed to believe,

that they could continue
to lose as many lives human beings.

As in France, the previous year,

Hitler was more
worried in destroying

the enemy forces in the ground,

of what to take cities,
or to conquer territory.

Its generals nor always
they saw the things in this manner.

Attemped, perhaps, for golden gallons,

they rivaled between itself, to be
captor of this or that city,

mainly, Moscow.

To capture the Russian capital without delay,

according to general he would be decisive.

Hitler preferred to destroy first
the Russian forces in the south,

waiting that the battle
she was decisive.

Moscow was not its first priority.

In August, it commanded that its
panzers capsized for south.

Kiev,

capital of the Ukraine,

it was taken in middle of September.

In one of most spectacular
surrounding movements,

of military history,

panzers German had arrested in Kiev

about 750 a thousand Russians.

The German camera made
an excellent filming,

of these long columns
of Russian unfortunate persons,

for which the aircraft marshalling area
of combat, it had now finished.

It had a new hell now:

the arrest at the hands of the nazistas.

Of these hundreds of prisoners
Russians who we see here,

but three would come back with life.

In the end of September of 1941,

but three months after the war,

the Russians had lost
about three million men.

But the Russian resistance
before the apparent fatality,

it would go to leave the astonished world.

The Germans had been instructed
to look at the Russian enemy,

as a sub-human being,
but it did not delay very,

so that the soldiers German
of the aircraft marshalling area,

they saw more to it as super-human being
of what sub-human being.

The Russians rare cry out,
when wounded,

e seems whenever it has
many of them in the horizon.

A colonel of the Wehrmacht wrote:

"When attacking Russia,
the German army,

it is as an elephant to attack
an invasion of ants.

The elephant will go to kill thousand,
perhaps millions,

but finally, they are as much,
that they will go to win it

e it will be eaten until the bone."

The orientation in Russia is so
difficult, as it is in the desert,

only that we do not see the horizon.
We feel ourselves lost.

The imensidão of the space is such,

that some soldiers

they were melancholic.

The plain valleys, valleys,
plain hillsides,

e valleys and plain hillsides
interminable. It did not have limit.

We did not see an end

e this so desolating age.

We saw the fields enormous,
maize fields,

of horizon the horizon.

We had never seen a thing
of those. It was very great.

It is not obtained to imagine

the vastness of that country

e we advanced of a river to the other,

of a position for another one
e did not have an end for that.

"To change the space for time",
it was the traditional Russian strategy.

The time was not of the side of Hitler,

if it wanted to reach its
decisive victory before the Winter.

I remember to come of airplane of Kubishev

e to be digging a ditch
enormous around Moscow.

They seemed ants in its drudgery

e was practically all
the civil population of Moscow,

men, women and children,
that they were digging.

I think that they had appealed to all
the available emotional forces.

I remember, for example, of many
churches to be open of new,

after having been closed
during much time.

In a situation of those, it appears
always any thing between us.

The tradition of Borodino.

Borodino is the place where
Napoleão was defeated.

It appeared a religious feeling
sudden, it is not known of where,

e this helped to join the people.

With the overwhelmd Ukraine
e surrounded Leningrad,

Hitler turned its attention
for the target most valuable,

Moscow.

Thing that its generals begged,

since the beginning of the campaign.

Moscow, in October of 1941, already
it was a city of the front line.

The Germans were only
about 300 km,

in August, when Hitler
panzers for south deviated its.

It had frequent rumors
of an anticipated surrender.

The city has very
under it military regulations.

It was rare the day without
one visits of the Luftwaffe.

The battle for Moscow started
the serious one, in the beginning of October.

Immediately, the things had run
badly for its defenders.

In two enormous ones
movements in "hand-vise",

the Germans had captured
more 700 a thousand Russian troops.

Goebbels called correspondents
of war Berlin to announce,

the imminent fall of Moscow.

We had had a pretty Summer,
without climatic problems,

or of any another type.

As much how much I remember,
it started to snow

e started the cold,
for return of 10 of October

e we knew immediately
that we were not prepared

or equipped, for what it waited in them.

When a commander
he asked to its quarter-general,

when it could wait
clothes of Winter,

they had said to it not to make
more asked for unnecessary.

In the day where they had fallen
first snows in Moscow,

its defenders had received
the new commander:Zhukov.

The German private information
they had not informed Hitler,

although Zhukov to have commanded
the defense of Leningrad

with enormous efficiency,
since middle of September.

But the defense of Moscow would be one
bigger test to the command of Zhukov.

The first snows
soon they had melted,

transforming the roads
in authentic quagmires.

But some roads in Russia
they were paved.

Therefore, in October,
the terrible phase of the mud started,

the roads were
completely soaked,

becoming improper it stops
any vehicle, except tanks.

While infantry,

we had to march to the long one
of the side of the roads,

to leave to pass cars and tanks.

The wheels of mine
artillery had been broken.

E during two or three days,

we had to improvise
one forms to advance,

requesting some horses and wagons.

We were all satisfied ones,

with the success of the troops
Germans in Russia,

but England was the first one
to say that something was missed,

when Goebbels made a great one
campaign for all Germany,

to collect skins and clothes
of Winter for the German troops.

We discover of that something
unexpected if it passed.

We did not have agasalhos,

nor nothing. only the things
that we had in the Summer.

E we were very angry for
not terms better equipment.

The time got worse.

Many commanders German
they had hesitated before the Winter.

Hitler did not think thus.

Convinced of that the victory would be
its before the Winter starting,

it commanded the generals who continued.

Soon, the land was frozen
others to support panzers.

The delay was welcome,

allowing the Zhukov
to organize the defense of Moscow.

The Russians had less than 400
tanks to defend Moscow.

The "space" was depleted for Zhukov,

but the "time" continued of its side,

with the cold winds of the Winter
to blow of the North.

But, in 14 of October,

a formation of panzers
it obtains to advance and it takes Kalinin,

situated to less than 160 km to the north.

One days later, one another one
formation takes Mozhaysk,

90 km ocidente,

while an infantry division
Gorki reached,

but the 60 km.

The panic invaded the citizens of Moscow.

Those that had obtained,
they had run away, about two million,

including departments of the Government.

Féretro of Lenin was evacuated,
with other treasures of the Kremlin.

It was a great shock, when
in those two or three days,

probably some most advanced ones,

some motorized troops had arrived,

about 40 or 50 km of Moscow.

I must say that it had
a great frightening in Moscow.

It had people trying to leave.

They judged that the Germans
they were arriving.

It is easy to imagine, that it enters
days 16 of October

e 20 of October,

the population thought that Moscow

it would fall in the following days

e was to that if it had the panic.

The people stopped the officers
of the private services

e insulted them without fear some.

In a normal situation,
they would not make a thing of these.

This was the only occasion,
where, probably if

a small German force
it obtained to be launched

of parachute on the city,

we would be in apuros.

But while Hitler traced
its final attack Moscow,

Zhukov also planned an attack.

But with what!?

It already had removed as much
troops how many he atreveu himself,

of other sectors, to defend Moscow.

But it had a reserve where
Russians not yet had touched.

Nor they had never thought to make it.

The 40 divisions of the Siberian Front,

of the best troops of Russia,

trained to fight
in conditions of Winter.

Since June that they waited
one has attacked Japanese.

In middle of October,

the spy of Stalin in Tokyo, informs,

that the objective of Japan
it was in another place any.

Of this time, Stalin believed
in its spies.

It dislocated the divisions Siberian
for Moscow.

Exactly at this moment of crisis,

Moscow arranged time stops
to celebrate the anniversary of the Revolution

e Stalin appeared to its people.

I would say that, despite
of all its imperfections,

Stalin gave a great service

to the Ussr with this presence,

because it showed two things:

first, the commander
supreme he did not run away;

second, Stalin kept the courage.

This feeling of courage

that, immediately, if it spread
for the Armed Forces in general.

All the commanders said:

"The proper Stalin was present".

The land dried. Panzers
already they obtained to twirl of new.

In 26 of November they had entered in Istra,

situated only 50 km the west of Moscow.

Four days later
they had taken Krasnaya Polyana,

but the 30 km to the north.

Zhukov not yet had
used the Siberians

e the Germans had not given
for the presence, close to Moscow,

of these so recent troops.

The Germans also had
its problems.

One morning finished thus.

It was all icecream

e the cars were imprisoned
in the mud, congealed.

The tanks did not obtain to twirl

e, at this moment, my heart stopped.

It had far to that great city

e I find that it was the first time
e the last one, that vi Moscow.

The temperatures were below
of 40º negative.

The oil made solid in Carter
of the trucks and tanks.

The intense cold affected
also the soldiers.

It had more victims due
to the stomachal cold and problems,

of what properly to the combats.

We had not paved of Winter,

nor any equipment,

to fight or to aguentar the cold

e I think that this was
great problem of the moment.

We lose a considerable part
of our material,

weapons, equipment heavy
fast e, in general.

We, clearly, lose much people,

had the ulcerações
provoked for the cold

e we had not pomadas
or other ways,

for simpler and primitive
that they were, to fight them.

Of the 900 men of my battalion,
200 had died,

had to the cold,

in first the 14 days.

To the measure that went being more cold,

in the end of November,
principle of December,

most of our artillery
it total went being made unusable.

We did not have the oil
adjusted lubricant,

for this war of Winter.

However, the Russians had it

e suddenly, ours
soldiers had discovered

of that of a moment for the other,
the weapon left to go off.

The worse memory was

the viaturas to freeze in the land
e the oil of the engine to make solid.

We did not obtain to leave from there.

We needed and we wanted to leave from there.

I find that this was worse.

In Russia, it did not have
signalling tablets

e to find our way,

we had made use the bodies
icecream of the horses,

throughout the snow walls,

for not losing in them,
during snowstorms.

E the landscape was so desolating.

Snow, always snow.

We were always solitary,

dreaming of the hour where
we would return Berlin.

But the maiorais of Berlin,
they were refused to believe it worse.

The notice of periodicals made
to believe that a diversion was everything.

The reality was well different.

In this height, we had
advanced almost 2000 km.

Of beginning, Hitler, did not want
to conceive that this crisis

it was the end of all
its strategical plan,

but the Army was more
cliente of the situation

e the Russians had made

the part most important,
also to convince Hitler

of that the Russian Campaign
of this first year it had failed

e had fond of the end.

6 of December.

With the moral of the Wehrmacht
completely low,

although some German troops
to be alone the 25 km of the Kremlin,

Zhukov freed its Siberians.

It was surprising, that moment.

The first moment where
vi the Russian tanks,

T-34,

spreading itself quickly
for the fields and the snow.

Our proper tanks
they did not obtain to move itself,

they did not obtain to go off,
because he was too much cold.

When it wanted to come back, I found
Russians for all the sides

e was my first sensation

of that already it did not go to have victory.

To the measure that recouped
its territory,

the Russians discovered
the horror of the nazista occupation.

"Companionable, it kills a German",
it was an expression very used.

In the first month,
after the offensive Russian,

more than 300 a thousand Germans
they had been died or captured.

The worse memory of this withdrawal,

it was the fear that we feel,

night and day, to cairmos in captivity.

E already we knew the enemy
the point to know,

that in those cases, they treated
severely the prisoners.

He was the first time that ours
soldiers had perceived,

that black times if approached.

When we had that to beat
in withdrawal of Moscow,

the Russian population and the soldiers
Russians must have thought:

"It is possible to defeat the German Army".

Two days after the beginning
of the offensive Russian,

the Japanese had attacked
Pearl Harbor.

The war was taking
a very different route.