All language subtitles for Butterfly.Effect.Series.3.04of13.Cook.in.Pursuit.of.the.Southern.Lands.1080p.HDTV.x264.AAC.MVGroup.org.eng

af Afrikaans
ak Akan
sq Albanian
am Amharic
ar Arabic
hy Armenian
az Azerbaijani
eu Basque
be Belarusian
bem Bemba
bn Bengali
bh Bihari
bs Bosnian
br Breton
bg Bulgarian
km Cambodian
ca Catalan
chr Cherokee
ny Chichewa
zh-CN Chinese (Simplified)
zh-TW Chinese (Traditional)
co Corsican
hr Croatian
cs Czech
da Danish
nl Dutch
en English
eo Esperanto
et Estonian
ee Ewe
fo Faroese
tl Filipino
fi Finnish
fr French
fy Frisian
gaa Ga
gl Galician
ka Georgian
de German
el Greek
gn Guarani
gu Gujarati
ht Haitian Creole
ha Hausa
haw Hawaiian
iw Hebrew
hi Hindi
hu Hungarian
is Icelandic
ig Igbo
id Indonesian
ia Interlingua
ga Irish
it Italian
ja Japanese
jw Javanese
kn Kannada
kk Kazakh
rw Kinyarwanda
rn Kirundi
kg Kongo
ko Korean
kri Krio (Sierra Leone)
ku Kurdish
ckb Kurdish (Soranî)
ky Kyrgyz
lo Laothian
la Latin
lv Latvian
ln Lingala
lt Lithuanian
loz Lozi
lg Luganda
ach Luo
mk Macedonian
mg Malagasy
ms Malay
ml Malayalam
mt Maltese
mi Maori
mr Marathi
mfe Mauritian Creole
mo Moldavian
mn Mongolian
sr-ME Montenegrin
ne Nepali
pcm Nigerian Pidgin
nso Northern Sotho
no Norwegian
nn Norwegian (Nynorsk)
oc Occitan
or Oriya
om Oromo
ps Pashto
fa Persian
pl Polish
pt-BR Portuguese (Brazil)
pt-PT Portuguese (Portugal)
pa Punjabi
qu Quechua
ro Romanian
rm Romansh
nyn Runyakitara
ru Russian
gd Scots Gaelic
sr Serbian
sh Serbo-Croatian
st Sesotho
tn Setswana
crs Seychellois Creole
sn Shona
sd Sindhi
si Sinhalese
sk Slovak Download
sl Slovenian
so Somali
es Spanish
es-419 Spanish (Latin American)
su Sundanese
sw Swahili
sv Swedish
tg Tajik
ta Tamil
tt Tatar
te Telugu
th Thai
ti Tigrinya
to Tonga
lua Tshiluba
tum Tumbuka
tr Turkish
tk Turkmen
tw Twi
ug Uighur
uk Ukrainian
ur Urdu
uz Uzbek
vi Vietnamese
cy Welsh
wo Wolof
xh Xhosa
yi Yiddish
yo Yoruba
zu Zulu
Would you like to inspect the original subtitles? These are the user uploaded subtitles that are being translated: 1 00:00:01,230 --> 00:00:02,810 Our history is no more 2 00:00:02,810 --> 00:00:05,430 than a series of incredible events. 3 00:00:05,430 --> 00:00:08,220 Every one of us can influence its course. 4 00:00:08,220 --> 00:00:11,387 (moderate rock music) 5 00:00:29,630 --> 00:00:31,970 The most infinitesimal of our decisions 6 00:00:31,970 --> 00:00:34,900 can influence the future of humanity. 7 00:00:34,900 --> 00:00:37,963 To know the past is to foresee the future. 8 00:00:39,060 --> 00:00:41,570 January 26, 1988. 9 00:00:41,570 --> 00:00:45,000 New Quebec, Republic of Australia. 10 00:00:45,000 --> 00:00:47,830 In the great concert hall of the Eiffel Opera House, 11 00:00:47,830 --> 00:00:49,810 President Jean-Francois Pemmemoi 12 00:00:49,810 --> 00:00:52,290 begins the festivities for the bicentennial 13 00:00:52,290 --> 00:00:54,823 of Captain de Laperouse's arrival on the island. 14 00:00:55,940 --> 00:01:00,040 Just after the disappearance of the Cook expedition in 1770, 15 00:01:00,040 --> 00:01:01,200 the kingdom of France 16 00:01:01,200 --> 00:01:04,770 surpassed England's exploration of the Pacific. 17 00:01:04,770 --> 00:01:07,470 In the image of their former Canadian colony, 18 00:01:07,470 --> 00:01:09,890 the French quickly develops trading posts, 19 00:01:09,890 --> 00:01:12,040 while increasing peaceful exchanges 20 00:01:12,040 --> 00:01:14,270 with the Aboriginal tribes. 21 00:01:14,270 --> 00:01:16,110 During the centuries that followed, 22 00:01:16,110 --> 00:01:18,300 the small French colony in Australia 23 00:01:18,300 --> 00:01:20,350 became a great independent nation, 24 00:01:20,350 --> 00:01:23,950 led by a president of Franco-Aboriginal origins. 25 00:01:23,950 --> 00:01:26,230 But, none of that ever happened. 26 00:01:26,230 --> 00:01:29,160 In 1770, a small grain of sand 27 00:01:29,160 --> 00:01:31,920 decided the fate of Captain Cook's expedition. 28 00:01:31,920 --> 00:01:34,713 Australia was destined to become British. 29 00:01:38,930 --> 00:01:40,680 November 1520. 30 00:01:40,680 --> 00:01:42,900 The explorer Ferdinand Magellan 31 00:01:42,900 --> 00:01:45,070 opens passage to the Southwest, 32 00:01:45,070 --> 00:01:48,000 and discovers the Pacific Ocean. 33 00:01:48,000 --> 00:01:50,120 June 11th, 1770. 34 00:01:50,120 --> 00:01:52,480 Stuck on the Great Barrier Reef, 35 00:01:52,480 --> 00:01:54,803 James Cook's ship is about to sink. 36 00:01:56,850 --> 00:01:59,970 January 26, 1788. 37 00:01:59,970 --> 00:02:02,400 11 ships land at Botany Bay, 38 00:02:02,400 --> 00:02:05,773 establishing the first English penal colony in Australia. 39 00:02:06,850 --> 00:02:09,480 These three inextricably linked events 40 00:02:09,480 --> 00:02:12,300 are key moments during the European expeditions 41 00:02:12,300 --> 00:02:14,433 throughout the Pacific Ocean. 42 00:02:16,119 --> 00:02:19,702 (dramatic cinematic music) 43 00:02:21,040 --> 00:02:24,853 November 1520, somewhere in the Southern Hemisphere. 44 00:02:25,970 --> 00:02:28,660 Having left for Spain a year ago, 45 00:02:28,660 --> 00:02:32,610 the once audacious fleet only has three ships left. 46 00:02:32,610 --> 00:02:36,180 After confronting storms, mutinies, and sickness, 47 00:02:36,180 --> 00:02:39,040 haunted by the fear of falling off the edge of the world 48 00:02:39,040 --> 00:02:41,510 that some still believe to be flat, 49 00:02:41,510 --> 00:02:44,680 the crews are forced to trust their captain, 50 00:02:44,680 --> 00:02:47,353 Fernando de Magalhaes, Magellan. 51 00:02:50,410 --> 00:02:53,610 Serving the crown of Spain, this Portuguese captain 52 00:02:53,610 --> 00:02:56,640 is convinced that he can discover the Western route, 53 00:02:56,640 --> 00:02:58,030 a hypothetical passage 54 00:02:58,030 --> 00:03:00,090 to the south of the American continent, 55 00:03:00,090 --> 00:03:02,050 which would provide access to Asia 56 00:03:02,050 --> 00:03:03,713 while circumventing Africa. 57 00:03:05,210 --> 00:03:07,640 November 27th, 1520. 58 00:03:07,640 --> 00:03:11,130 This strait, which will one day be named in his honor, 59 00:03:11,130 --> 00:03:14,430 reveals a vast, seemingly calm ocean 60 00:03:14,430 --> 00:03:16,963 which he christens the Pacific Ocean. 61 00:03:22,370 --> 00:03:26,400 The 16th century is an extraordinary period for Europe. 62 00:03:26,400 --> 00:03:29,640 The voyage of Christopher Columbus changes everything. 63 00:03:29,640 --> 00:03:32,000 The discovery of a new immense continent 64 00:03:32,000 --> 00:03:33,943 opens up great prospects. 65 00:03:36,140 --> 00:03:37,990 Riding the wave of Magellan, 66 00:03:37,990 --> 00:03:40,280 intrepid explorers brave dangers 67 00:03:40,280 --> 00:03:43,200 to push the limits of the known world. 68 00:03:43,200 --> 00:03:45,890 Discovering new lands to be possessed, 69 00:03:45,890 --> 00:03:48,810 and new colonies to be formed. 70 00:03:48,810 --> 00:03:50,990 In the first half of the 16th century, 71 00:03:50,990 --> 00:03:52,370 the Spaniards conquer most 72 00:03:52,370 --> 00:03:54,270 of the Pacific Coast of South America. 73 00:03:55,890 --> 00:03:59,230 For their part, the Portuguese open up a new spice route 74 00:03:59,230 --> 00:04:03,050 that circumvents Africa and passes by the Cape of Good Hope. 75 00:04:03,050 --> 00:04:05,460 Asia is within reach. 76 00:04:05,460 --> 00:04:07,870 Heavy and powerful Hispanic galleons 77 00:04:07,870 --> 00:04:10,090 criss-cross the waters of the New World. 78 00:04:10,090 --> 00:04:12,353 Hulls full of wealth head to Europe. 79 00:04:13,310 --> 00:04:15,460 At the beginning of the 17th century, 80 00:04:15,460 --> 00:04:16,890 Portuguese exploration 81 00:04:16,890 --> 00:04:19,473 is gradually surpassed by Dutch expansion. 82 00:04:20,310 --> 00:04:22,780 This small country with big ambitions 83 00:04:22,780 --> 00:04:25,703 is sending its captains into the conquest of the unknown. 84 00:04:26,670 --> 00:04:31,490 In 1642, one of them, Abel Tasman, discovers an island 85 00:04:31,490 --> 00:04:34,273 which will later take his name, Tasmania. 86 00:04:35,860 --> 00:04:38,600 He sails along the shores of New Zealand. 87 00:04:38,600 --> 00:04:41,100 Then, he maps the northern coast of Australia 88 00:04:41,100 --> 00:04:42,753 that is called New Holland. 89 00:04:44,560 --> 00:04:48,000 But, these expeditions remain extremely dangerous. 90 00:04:48,000 --> 00:04:50,630 Ships do not fare well during the long trips. 91 00:04:50,630 --> 00:04:54,110 Navigation and observation instruments are rudimentary, 92 00:04:54,110 --> 00:04:57,993 and the catastrophic sanitary conditions wipe out the crews. 93 00:05:02,189 --> 00:05:05,039 [Computerized Woman] Welcome to the memory of humanity. 94 00:05:06,000 --> 00:05:09,580 Every historical event, regardless of how small, 95 00:05:09,580 --> 00:05:11,403 is recorded and connected. 96 00:05:12,330 --> 00:05:15,823 You only need to change one to upset all of the others. 97 00:05:16,710 --> 00:05:20,010 Here, we are able to control time, 98 00:05:20,010 --> 00:05:22,610 analyze and compare billions of events 99 00:05:22,610 --> 00:05:26,270 in order to rewrite history in infinite ways. 100 00:05:26,270 --> 00:05:31,240 For example, let's hop aboard a 17th century boat. 101 00:05:31,240 --> 00:05:34,340 The maneuvers require large crews. 102 00:05:34,340 --> 00:05:37,610 All of these men, confined in tiny spaces, 103 00:05:37,610 --> 00:05:42,610 share their lives, their bunks, and their germs. 104 00:05:42,960 --> 00:05:45,100 Epidemics are commonplace, 105 00:05:45,100 --> 00:05:47,853 and more highly feared than pirates. 106 00:05:49,490 --> 00:05:51,090 During long voyages, 107 00:05:51,090 --> 00:05:55,167 stagnant water and dry biscuits are the norm. 108 00:05:55,167 --> 00:05:58,300 The absence of preservation options for fresh food 109 00:05:58,300 --> 00:06:02,203 causes serious diseases and deficiencies amongst seafarers. 110 00:06:03,050 --> 00:06:06,110 The most prevalent among them is scurvy, 111 00:06:06,110 --> 00:06:08,813 a Vitamin C deficiency that can be fatal. 112 00:06:11,240 --> 00:06:14,660 The best ways to avoid this is to bring lemons on board 113 00:06:14,660 --> 00:06:16,110 or to make numerous stops 114 00:06:16,110 --> 00:06:19,110 to replenish the stock of fresh products. 115 00:06:19,110 --> 00:06:20,580 During the long voyages, 116 00:06:20,580 --> 00:06:23,553 many captains also tried to find a miracle cure; 117 00:06:24,670 --> 00:06:27,520 however, without refrigeration on board, 118 00:06:27,520 --> 00:06:30,590 keeping the crew strong and in good health 119 00:06:30,590 --> 00:06:35,543 remains a real challenge, and a matter of survival. 120 00:06:38,010 --> 00:06:39,520 The 17th century 121 00:06:39,520 --> 00:06:41,853 is one of conquests and commerce. 122 00:06:43,200 --> 00:06:46,470 A true culture of secrecy prevails. 123 00:06:46,470 --> 00:06:50,260 Each captain jealously keeps his discoveries to himself, 124 00:06:50,260 --> 00:06:53,080 like a treasure map, fearing that others 125 00:06:53,080 --> 00:06:55,073 might get richer in his stead. 126 00:06:57,230 --> 00:07:00,140 But, in the second half of the 18th century, 127 00:07:00,140 --> 00:07:02,060 things begin to evolve. 128 00:07:02,060 --> 00:07:04,460 A new wind blows towards Europe. 129 00:07:04,460 --> 00:07:06,420 Everywhere, scholarly societies 130 00:07:06,420 --> 00:07:09,400 and astronomical observatories are flourishing. 131 00:07:09,400 --> 00:07:11,623 Europe is thirsty for knowledge. 132 00:07:13,180 --> 00:07:15,850 For the States, greatness is not only found 133 00:07:15,850 --> 00:07:18,160 in military or economic power, 134 00:07:18,160 --> 00:07:20,373 but also in scientific glory. 135 00:07:22,610 --> 00:07:25,210 And the rivalry among states is fierce, 136 00:07:25,210 --> 00:07:28,380 particularly between the Kingdom of France and England, 137 00:07:28,380 --> 00:07:30,553 which are often at war with each other. 138 00:07:32,650 --> 00:07:36,793 In 1763, France has lost the Seven Years' War. 139 00:07:37,860 --> 00:07:40,570 At the end of the conflict, it is forced to give up 140 00:07:40,570 --> 00:07:43,183 a large number of its possessions overseas. 141 00:07:44,480 --> 00:07:47,470 The rivalry with its sworn enemy pushes the kingdom 142 00:07:47,470 --> 00:07:50,400 to search for new economic opportunities, 143 00:07:50,400 --> 00:07:53,703 so Louis XV commissions an ambitious expedition. 144 00:07:54,850 --> 00:07:57,260 Under the guise of a diplomatic mission, 145 00:07:57,260 --> 00:07:58,970 Louis Antoine of Bougainville 146 00:07:58,970 --> 00:08:01,350 receives the honor of setting sail to Asia 147 00:08:01,350 --> 00:08:04,143 to develop trade and discover new lands. 148 00:08:05,130 --> 00:08:07,280 But that isn't all he will do. 149 00:08:07,280 --> 00:08:10,080 In the 18th century, France bathes in the light 150 00:08:10,080 --> 00:08:12,453 of philosophers and encyclopedists. 151 00:08:14,190 --> 00:08:17,330 Passionate about the sciences, Bougainville brings 152 00:08:17,330 --> 00:08:21,950 an astronomer, a naturalist, and a cartographer aboard. 153 00:08:21,950 --> 00:08:24,850 They will make observations and establish records 154 00:08:24,850 --> 00:08:28,563 which will glorify science and the Kingdom of France. 155 00:08:30,420 --> 00:08:32,070 The scientists are always quick 156 00:08:32,070 --> 00:08:34,530 to go ashore and make observations 157 00:08:34,530 --> 00:08:36,930 while the sailors prefer the security 158 00:08:36,930 --> 00:08:39,800 and speed found on the water. 159 00:08:39,800 --> 00:08:42,143 Cohabitation on the ship is not easy. 160 00:08:45,840 --> 00:08:48,470 April 2nd, 1768. 161 00:08:48,470 --> 00:08:52,080 The expedition arrives near an elevated and steep land, 162 00:08:52,080 --> 00:08:53,680 which is made up of two mountains 163 00:08:53,680 --> 00:08:56,633 connected by a narrow isthmus: Tahiti. 164 00:09:00,540 --> 00:09:03,730 The captain struggles desperately to control his men 165 00:09:03,730 --> 00:09:06,830 who are captivated by the beauty of the Tahitian women 166 00:09:06,830 --> 00:09:08,883 and the idyllic life on the island. 167 00:09:09,759 --> 00:09:11,930 Bougainville's description of this arrival, 168 00:09:11,930 --> 00:09:14,470 written in his diary, is inspiring. 169 00:09:14,470 --> 00:09:18,293 He speaks of paradise on Earth, the Garden of Eden, 170 00:09:19,420 --> 00:09:22,603 yet, things are more complicated than they appear. 171 00:09:23,660 --> 00:09:25,380 Oceania contained numerous 172 00:09:25,380 --> 00:09:28,323 culturally-rich and diverse societies. 173 00:09:30,210 --> 00:09:33,500 The Melanesians and Micronesians in the west, 174 00:09:33,500 --> 00:09:35,340 the Polynesians in the east, 175 00:09:35,340 --> 00:09:37,423 and the Aborigines in Australia. 176 00:09:38,490 --> 00:09:40,850 The settlement of this immense space, 177 00:09:40,850 --> 00:09:43,310 occupying a third of the world's surface, 178 00:09:43,310 --> 00:09:46,993 has progressed from Asia, millennia after millennia. 179 00:09:49,470 --> 00:09:52,010 Aboard boats like the outrigger canoe, 180 00:09:52,010 --> 00:09:55,500 these impressive sailors colonized the islands and atolls, 181 00:09:55,500 --> 00:09:58,170 sometimes thousands of miles away, 182 00:09:58,170 --> 00:10:00,653 well before the first Europeans arrived. 183 00:10:02,290 --> 00:10:06,020 In successive stages, these populations spread their culture 184 00:10:06,020 --> 00:10:08,950 to almost every island in the ocean. 185 00:10:08,950 --> 00:10:12,680 Isolated from one another, each group evolved independently, 186 00:10:12,680 --> 00:10:16,270 creating a culture specific to each island. 187 00:10:16,270 --> 00:10:18,700 A dusting of islands scattered across 188 00:10:18,700 --> 00:10:20,913 the largest ocean on the planet. 189 00:10:24,875 --> 00:10:26,603 [Computerized Woman] Know your position. 190 00:10:27,580 --> 00:10:29,559 To establish their bearings, 191 00:10:29,559 --> 00:10:33,530 cartographists traced a grid on the surface of the globe. 192 00:10:33,530 --> 00:10:36,330 The vertical lines, called meridians; 193 00:10:36,330 --> 00:10:39,273 the horizontal ones are called parallels. 194 00:10:40,300 --> 00:10:42,600 We call latitude any point 195 00:10:42,600 --> 00:10:44,730 that is situated along the meridian, 196 00:10:44,730 --> 00:10:48,350 while longitude is a position on the parallel. 197 00:10:48,350 --> 00:10:51,700 A longitude value, when connected to a latitude, 198 00:10:51,700 --> 00:10:56,670 gives us a precise and unique point on the Earth's surface. 199 00:10:56,670 --> 00:10:59,173 These are what we call coordinates. 200 00:11:00,230 --> 00:11:02,310 You can determine your exact latitude 201 00:11:02,310 --> 00:11:04,940 by observing the sun and the stars, 202 00:11:04,940 --> 00:11:07,903 but measuring longitude is another story. 203 00:11:08,780 --> 00:11:10,800 First, you must determine the meridian 204 00:11:10,800 --> 00:11:13,480 you are using as a reference point. 205 00:11:13,480 --> 00:11:16,360 Next, there are two opposing techniques. 206 00:11:16,360 --> 00:11:18,680 The astronomy method, used with success 207 00:11:18,680 --> 00:11:20,620 during the voyage of Bougainville, 208 00:11:20,620 --> 00:11:23,610 and the second method, which requires the development 209 00:11:23,610 --> 00:11:27,880 of an extremely precise and reliable chronometer. 210 00:11:27,880 --> 00:11:30,400 This latter method was used by James Cook 211 00:11:30,400 --> 00:11:32,033 for his second expedition. 212 00:11:33,970 --> 00:11:36,710 Today, both techniques have been replaced 213 00:11:36,710 --> 00:11:39,793 by the use of satellites and the GPS system. 214 00:11:43,640 --> 00:11:45,350 18th century. 215 00:11:45,350 --> 00:11:46,700 Great Britain dominates 216 00:11:46,700 --> 00:11:48,813 almost all the seas around the globe. 217 00:11:49,770 --> 00:11:51,190 British marine officers, 218 00:11:51,190 --> 00:11:54,730 promoted on merit without consideration of social standing, 219 00:11:54,730 --> 00:11:56,373 are excellent sailors. 220 00:11:57,460 --> 00:11:59,253 James Cook is one of them. 221 00:12:00,170 --> 00:12:04,100 First, hired as a ship boy on merchant vessel, 222 00:12:04,100 --> 00:12:07,020 he joins the Royal Navy in 1755, 223 00:12:07,020 --> 00:12:09,420 and methodically climbs up the ranks. 224 00:12:09,420 --> 00:12:13,030 After two years of service, he becomes a sailing master. 225 00:12:13,030 --> 00:12:17,650 Then, in June 1759, he participates in an expedition 226 00:12:17,650 --> 00:12:20,040 against the city of Quebec. 227 00:12:20,040 --> 00:12:22,650 Blessed with extraordinary cartography skills, 228 00:12:22,650 --> 00:12:25,310 he helps the British fleet sail safely 229 00:12:25,310 --> 00:12:26,923 up the Saint Lawrence River. 230 00:12:28,160 --> 00:12:29,550 At the end of the war, 231 00:12:29,550 --> 00:12:32,150 after catching the attention of the Royal Society, 232 00:12:32,150 --> 00:12:34,973 he is chosen to head a new type of expedition: 233 00:12:36,250 --> 00:12:38,660 traveling to the other side of the world 234 00:12:38,660 --> 00:12:41,810 to observe the transit of Venus across the Sun, 235 00:12:41,810 --> 00:12:44,373 an event which occurs once a century. 236 00:12:45,740 --> 00:12:47,650 The king authorizes this mission 237 00:12:47,650 --> 00:12:51,060 under the condition that the explorer uses this opportunity 238 00:12:51,060 --> 00:12:53,330 to find, and take possession of, 239 00:12:53,330 --> 00:12:55,133 the mythical Southern Continent. 240 00:12:56,460 --> 00:13:00,460 This legendary land, said to exist in the South Pacific, 241 00:13:00,460 --> 00:13:02,653 feeds everyone's fantasies. 242 00:13:04,100 --> 00:13:06,883 It is a kind of new New World. 243 00:13:08,270 --> 00:13:11,610 Chartered for the occasion, the HMS Endeavour, 244 00:13:11,610 --> 00:13:14,300 a robust, shallow-draft merchant ship, 245 00:13:14,300 --> 00:13:17,610 has been adjusted to welcome additional passengers, 246 00:13:17,610 --> 00:13:22,170 a scientific team, including famed naturalist Joseph Banks, 247 00:13:22,170 --> 00:13:23,713 and all their equipment. 248 00:13:24,940 --> 00:13:28,570 Cook personally examines all the details. 249 00:13:28,570 --> 00:13:31,890 He even brings his secret weapon against scurvy: 250 00:13:31,890 --> 00:13:34,593 three tons of sauerkraut and lemon juice. 251 00:13:37,120 --> 00:13:40,070 August 26th, 1768. 252 00:13:40,070 --> 00:13:42,443 The Endeavour sets sail for Cape Horn. 253 00:13:43,490 --> 00:13:47,950 April 13th, 1769, it docks in Tahiti. 254 00:13:47,950 --> 00:13:49,970 Cook sets up a small observatory 255 00:13:49,970 --> 00:13:52,800 to study the eclipse of Venus. 256 00:13:52,800 --> 00:13:54,840 With the first mission accomplished, 257 00:13:54,840 --> 00:13:57,730 he lifts the anchor for the second part of his voyage: 258 00:13:57,730 --> 00:13:59,853 the search for the Southern Continent. 259 00:14:02,340 --> 00:14:04,810 But, the mythical utopia is hidden 260 00:14:04,810 --> 00:14:06,683 under the bow of The Endeavour. 261 00:14:08,060 --> 00:14:11,980 Continuing his journey, Cook arrives in New Zealand. 262 00:14:11,980 --> 00:14:14,810 Here, he maps its coastline with precision. 263 00:14:14,810 --> 00:14:17,560 Then, on March 31st, 1770, 264 00:14:17,560 --> 00:14:20,333 he heads west to present-day Tasmania. 265 00:14:22,660 --> 00:14:25,970 Opposing winds then push him to an unknown land. 266 00:14:25,970 --> 00:14:27,970 The explorer accidentally falls 267 00:14:27,970 --> 00:14:30,183 on the southeast coast of Australia. 268 00:14:31,670 --> 00:14:35,400 On April 29th, the crew goes ashore. 269 00:14:35,400 --> 00:14:38,500 This fjord will later be named Botany Bay 270 00:14:38,500 --> 00:14:40,400 because of the countless plant species 271 00:14:40,400 --> 00:14:42,450 discovered by the expedition's botanists. 272 00:14:44,060 --> 00:14:47,070 Cook resumes his journey along the coast to the north, 273 00:14:47,070 --> 00:14:50,393 meticulously mapping each cliff, each bay. 274 00:14:52,550 --> 00:14:57,203 But, unknowingly, Cook is entering a death trap. 275 00:14:58,530 --> 00:15:01,563 There are no maps of the Great Barrier Reef, 276 00:15:03,100 --> 00:15:07,333 and on June 11th, the crew is paralyzed by a sinister creek. 277 00:15:08,250 --> 00:15:10,263 The Endeavour has just run aground. 278 00:15:12,170 --> 00:15:14,290 In panic, they unload the ship 279 00:15:14,290 --> 00:15:17,650 and fight against the water that is rising in the hull. 280 00:15:17,650 --> 00:15:21,083 The ship is about to sink, and all its crew with it. 281 00:15:23,110 --> 00:15:25,510 For the entire day, the men will struggle 282 00:15:25,510 --> 00:15:28,430 to free the ship from the coral trap. 283 00:15:28,430 --> 00:15:30,680 Everyone takes turns at the pumps. 284 00:15:30,680 --> 00:15:33,713 Now The Endeavour is an arm's length away from sinking. 285 00:15:35,570 --> 00:15:38,490 Suddenly, one of them has an ingenious idea. 286 00:15:38,490 --> 00:15:42,173 Stretch a sail under the hull to temporarily plug the leak. 287 00:15:43,620 --> 00:15:46,630 After a week on the edge of the abyss, 288 00:15:46,630 --> 00:15:49,493 the damaged boat manages to reach the land. 289 00:15:51,900 --> 00:15:56,900 The crew is exhausted, but the expedition is saved. 290 00:16:00,487 --> 00:16:01,780 [Computerized Woman] We have arrived 291 00:16:01,780 --> 00:16:03,823 at a point of divergence. 292 00:16:04,760 --> 00:16:07,530 A point of divergence is a key moment, 293 00:16:07,530 --> 00:16:10,580 a crossroads in our history where our world can swing 294 00:16:10,580 --> 00:16:12,643 from one side to the other. 295 00:16:14,020 --> 00:16:17,650 James Cook and his crew have just avoided a shipwreck 296 00:16:17,650 --> 00:16:19,550 which would have certainly been fatal. 297 00:16:20,930 --> 00:16:23,100 If the expedition had failed, 298 00:16:23,100 --> 00:16:24,730 England would not have discovered 299 00:16:24,730 --> 00:16:27,053 or taken possession of Australia. 300 00:16:29,410 --> 00:16:30,600 A few years later, 301 00:16:30,600 --> 00:16:33,040 the expedition of Jean-Francois de Laperouse 302 00:16:33,040 --> 00:16:34,670 would have been first to draw a map 303 00:16:34,670 --> 00:16:37,763 of the island continent and form a colony there. 304 00:16:39,570 --> 00:16:41,910 Inspired by the enlightenment, 305 00:16:41,910 --> 00:16:43,980 the first French colonists would have been able 306 00:16:43,980 --> 00:16:47,200 to create trading posts, and make peaceful trades 307 00:16:47,200 --> 00:16:50,913 with the Aboriginal peoples, exactly as they did in Canada. 308 00:16:52,900 --> 00:16:54,180 The Aboriginal peoples, 309 00:16:54,180 --> 00:16:56,720 considered legitimate inhabitants of Australia, 310 00:16:56,720 --> 00:16:58,570 might have known less oppression 311 00:16:59,800 --> 00:17:02,913 and been able to conserve their ancestral grounds. 312 00:17:04,350 --> 00:17:08,040 Today, Australia would still be a cosmopolitan country, 313 00:17:08,040 --> 00:17:09,193 but francophone. 314 00:17:13,350 --> 00:17:17,400 July 13th, 1771, England. 315 00:17:17,400 --> 00:17:19,393 The expedition has returned. 316 00:17:20,490 --> 00:17:23,330 Once they finish up some makeshift repairs, 317 00:17:23,330 --> 00:17:25,270 the crew is able to leave Australia 318 00:17:25,270 --> 00:17:28,183 and return home after a three-year absence. 319 00:17:29,370 --> 00:17:30,600 The Endeavour brings with it 320 00:17:30,600 --> 00:17:33,140 more than a thousand species of plants, 321 00:17:33,140 --> 00:17:35,860 hundreds of stuffed insects and animals, 322 00:17:35,860 --> 00:17:37,550 mineralogical samples, 323 00:17:37,550 --> 00:17:40,630 and thousands of observational drawings. 324 00:17:40,630 --> 00:17:44,100 Cook is the author of nautical charts so precise 325 00:17:44,100 --> 00:17:47,310 that they continue to inspire awe even today. 326 00:17:47,310 --> 00:17:49,483 It is an undeniable success. 327 00:17:51,000 --> 00:17:53,260 The Royal Society quickly orders him 328 00:17:53,260 --> 00:17:57,040 to return to the Southern Hemisphere on a new expedition. 329 00:17:57,040 --> 00:18:01,123 The goal is still the same: discover the Southern Continent. 330 00:18:03,370 --> 00:18:08,370 Early December 1772, the expedition sets sail blindly 331 00:18:08,450 --> 00:18:11,163 in a thick fog on an ocean of ice. 332 00:18:13,070 --> 00:18:16,320 January 17th, 1773, 333 00:18:16,320 --> 00:18:18,773 the expedition crosses the Arctic Circle. 334 00:18:19,830 --> 00:18:24,170 One year later, Cook reaches 71 degrees, 10 seconds South, 335 00:18:24,170 --> 00:18:26,530 an absolute record. 336 00:18:26,530 --> 00:18:29,483 But a wall of ice forces him to turn back. 337 00:18:31,330 --> 00:18:34,030 After crossing 60,000 nautical miles, 338 00:18:34,030 --> 00:18:37,150 or three times the circumference of the Earth, 339 00:18:37,150 --> 00:18:39,453 the explorer returns to England. 340 00:18:40,930 --> 00:18:42,400 He has just proven 341 00:18:42,400 --> 00:18:44,983 that the Southern Continent does not exist. 342 00:18:46,150 --> 00:18:49,330 But the admiralty refuses to stop there. 343 00:18:49,330 --> 00:18:54,330 In 1776, at almost 50, Cook leads a third expedition, 344 00:18:55,430 --> 00:18:58,260 this time to find the Northwest Passage 345 00:18:58,260 --> 00:19:00,720 between the Atlantic and the Pacific, 346 00:19:00,720 --> 00:19:02,653 beyond the Bering Strait. 347 00:19:04,120 --> 00:19:07,163 The only maps available turn out to be completely wrong. 348 00:19:08,400 --> 00:19:11,330 The expedition, surrounded by ice, 349 00:19:11,330 --> 00:19:16,330 must turn back in August 1778, and head south to Hawaii. 350 00:19:18,660 --> 00:19:20,850 His arrival coincides with the season 351 00:19:20,850 --> 00:19:23,830 dedicated to the god of peace, Lono. 352 00:19:23,830 --> 00:19:25,770 The Hawaiian priests give the captain 353 00:19:25,770 --> 00:19:27,573 a welcome worthy of a god. 354 00:19:28,420 --> 00:19:32,620 February 4th, 1779, the ship sets sail, 355 00:19:32,620 --> 00:19:35,690 but shortly afterwards, the foremast snaps. 356 00:19:35,690 --> 00:19:38,083 Cook is forced to return to Hawaii. 357 00:19:39,550 --> 00:19:41,823 But the context has changed there. 358 00:19:43,220 --> 00:19:46,840 Hawaii is now in the season of the war god, Ku, 359 00:19:46,840 --> 00:19:48,140 and for the Hawaiians, 360 00:19:48,140 --> 00:19:51,073 the return of Cook upsets the cosmic order. 361 00:19:51,930 --> 00:19:54,670 The situation quickly deteriorates. 362 00:19:54,670 --> 00:19:56,200 Several conflicts arise 363 00:19:56,200 --> 00:19:58,180 between the English and the Hawaiians. 364 00:19:58,180 --> 00:20:01,230 During a punitive raid, Cook and 10 of his men 365 00:20:01,230 --> 00:20:04,470 find themselves surrounded by angry warriors. 366 00:20:04,470 --> 00:20:07,400 The captain does not assess the situation correctly. 367 00:20:07,400 --> 00:20:09,270 He is the first to shoot. 368 00:20:09,270 --> 00:20:12,763 Overtaken, and hit on the head, he collapses on the beach. 369 00:20:14,280 --> 00:20:17,250 From the ship, his men, unable to assist, 370 00:20:17,250 --> 00:20:19,340 watch the terrible scene. 371 00:20:19,340 --> 00:20:22,253 The Hawaiian warriors massacre their captain. 372 00:20:24,320 --> 00:20:27,720 James Cook, captain of the British crown, 373 00:20:27,720 --> 00:20:31,083 has been felled on the explorer's field of honor. 374 00:20:38,103 --> 00:20:40,500 [Computerized Woman] The stuff of heroes. 375 00:20:40,500 --> 00:20:44,463 Captain James Cook enters the pantheon of explorers. 376 00:20:46,940 --> 00:20:48,810 Several centuries later, 377 00:20:48,810 --> 00:20:53,060 NASA baptizes two of its spaceships Endeavor and Discovery 378 00:20:53,060 --> 00:20:55,083 as homage to Cook's ships. 379 00:20:58,650 --> 00:21:00,740 The symbolism is strong. 380 00:21:00,740 --> 00:21:03,470 Astronauts are our explorers of modern times, 381 00:21:03,470 --> 00:21:06,173 continuing the paths of Cook and Bougainville. 382 00:21:08,940 --> 00:21:12,943 Even though the frontiers have changed, the risks have not. 383 00:21:14,970 --> 00:21:19,710 January 28, 1986, the space shuttle Challenger explodes, 384 00:21:19,710 --> 00:21:22,753 just after takeoff, with seven crew members aboard. 385 00:21:25,140 --> 00:21:27,950 In 2003, Columbia disintegrates 386 00:21:27,950 --> 00:21:30,420 while re-entering the Earth's atmosphere. 387 00:21:30,420 --> 00:21:35,020 Venturing out to discover the unknown is perilous business, 388 00:21:35,020 --> 00:21:38,240 but the courage of a handful of fearless pioneers 389 00:21:38,240 --> 00:21:41,270 has allowed all mankind to explore the Earth, 390 00:21:41,270 --> 00:21:43,373 the seas, and the stars. 391 00:21:50,380 --> 00:21:52,393 His heritage is monumental. 392 00:21:53,510 --> 00:21:54,490 His contribution 393 00:21:54,490 --> 00:21:57,930 to the inventory of the world is immeasurable. 394 00:21:57,930 --> 00:21:59,690 This cartographer-explorer 395 00:21:59,690 --> 00:22:02,883 spent 12 years of his life on the Pacific Ocean. 396 00:22:04,170 --> 00:22:07,050 He did not see the birth of many of his children, 397 00:22:07,050 --> 00:22:10,320 all of whom grew up in the absence of their father. 398 00:22:10,320 --> 00:22:14,780 His wife even buried four of their children all by herself, 399 00:22:14,780 --> 00:22:16,593 the price one must pay. 400 00:22:17,430 --> 00:22:19,810 The Age of Enlightenment sheds new light 401 00:22:19,810 --> 00:22:21,473 on native populations. 402 00:22:22,460 --> 00:22:25,170 After the colonization of the American continent, 403 00:22:25,170 --> 00:22:27,600 which was disastrous for the locals, 404 00:22:27,600 --> 00:22:30,110 the philosophers of the 18th century 405 00:22:30,110 --> 00:22:33,470 realized that each society is a fragile ecosystem, 406 00:22:33,470 --> 00:22:36,773 and that unfortunate choices can destroy them forever. 407 00:22:38,050 --> 00:22:41,080 Happily, the diversity of the Pacific cultures 408 00:22:41,080 --> 00:22:43,800 has not been destroyed by the passage of time 409 00:22:43,800 --> 00:22:45,910 as was the case, unfortunately, 410 00:22:45,910 --> 00:22:49,073 for the largest island in the world, Australia. 411 00:22:49,970 --> 00:22:54,330 In August 1770, during his first voyage, 412 00:22:54,330 --> 00:22:57,180 Cook took possession of the East Coast of the island, 413 00:22:57,180 --> 00:22:58,950 deliberately ignoring the fact 414 00:22:58,950 --> 00:23:01,383 that this land was already populated. 415 00:23:02,500 --> 00:23:04,980 This illegitimate claim opened up the path 416 00:23:04,980 --> 00:23:07,463 for colonization on the island continent. 417 00:23:09,170 --> 00:23:13,210 January 26th, 1788 near Botany Bay, 418 00:23:13,210 --> 00:23:16,600 a penal colony is founded, populated by convicts 419 00:23:16,600 --> 00:23:19,143 that England no longer wants on its lands. 420 00:23:20,860 --> 00:23:25,500 In one century, Great Britain exiles 160,000 prisoners 421 00:23:25,500 --> 00:23:27,173 to the other side of the world. 422 00:23:28,330 --> 00:23:30,570 Under the combined pressures of disease, 423 00:23:30,570 --> 00:23:34,080 settlers, and alcohol, the Aboriginal people, 424 00:23:34,080 --> 00:23:36,790 present on these lands since the dawn of time, 425 00:23:36,790 --> 00:23:40,730 watch as its population declines dramatically. 426 00:23:40,730 --> 00:23:43,570 Today, the Aborigines represent less 427 00:23:43,570 --> 00:23:46,940 than 3% of the Australian population. 428 00:23:46,940 --> 00:23:49,003 But that is another story. 429 00:23:53,072 --> 00:23:54,607 [Computerized Woman] Pushing the limits. 430 00:23:55,910 --> 00:23:57,720 In the 18th century, 431 00:23:57,720 --> 00:24:01,843 mankind embarked on a scientific exploration of the world. 432 00:24:02,850 --> 00:24:04,650 The goal was to learn more 433 00:24:04,650 --> 00:24:06,550 about the limits of the continents, 434 00:24:06,550 --> 00:24:08,790 and to develop a list of living organisms 435 00:24:08,790 --> 00:24:12,440 from the smallest mushroom to the largest mammals. 436 00:24:12,440 --> 00:24:14,570 In the course of these voyages, 437 00:24:14,570 --> 00:24:16,650 an impressive quantity of specimens 438 00:24:16,650 --> 00:24:21,510 were assembled and cataloged in encyclopedias and museums. 439 00:24:21,510 --> 00:24:25,603 This colossal task helped push the limits of ignorance. 440 00:24:27,500 --> 00:24:30,463 Today, what is left for us to discover? 441 00:24:32,340 --> 00:24:34,493 Are there still borders to be pushed? 442 00:24:37,460 --> 00:24:40,743 From a geographical viewpoint of Earth, not really. 443 00:24:42,000 --> 00:24:43,640 But what about space, 444 00:24:43,640 --> 00:24:47,143 with its infinitely large and nano-sized worlds? 445 00:24:48,460 --> 00:24:51,350 What do we really know about black holes 446 00:24:51,350 --> 00:24:52,753 and how our brains work? 447 00:24:54,490 --> 00:24:57,330 At a time when the first map of the human genome 448 00:24:57,330 --> 00:24:59,360 has just been published, 449 00:24:59,360 --> 00:25:01,780 in front of the astronomical progress 450 00:25:01,780 --> 00:25:03,500 of artificial intelligence, 451 00:25:03,500 --> 00:25:05,883 and Mars colonization projects, 452 00:25:07,640 --> 00:25:09,780 it would seem that we are at the dawn 453 00:25:09,780 --> 00:25:11,733 of a new wave of explorations. 454 00:25:12,740 --> 00:25:16,323 (dramatic cinematic music) 35943

Can't find what you're looking for?
Get subtitles in any language from opensubtitles.com, and translate them here.