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These are the user uploaded subtitles that are being translated: 1 00:00:16,433 --> 00:00:17,733 My foundation, 2 00:00:17,766 --> 00:00:19,876 the Richard Dawkins Foundation for Reason & Science, 3 00:00:19,900 --> 00:00:22,800 is actually trying to raise consciousness 4 00:00:22,833 --> 00:00:24,566 that there are many, many more people 5 00:00:24,600 --> 00:00:26,566 who are not religious in America 6 00:00:26,600 --> 00:00:30,166 than many people realize, including politicians realize. 7 00:00:30,200 --> 00:00:32,133 So you'll see politicians on television 8 00:00:32,166 --> 00:00:34,566 in their so-called debates 9 00:00:34,600 --> 00:00:37,366 sucking up to the religious lobby 10 00:00:37,400 --> 00:00:39,600 and forgetting that the non-religious lobby 11 00:00:39,633 --> 00:00:42,000 is at least 20% in America, 12 00:00:42,033 --> 00:00:45,666 which is as large as any particular religion, 13 00:00:45,700 --> 00:00:49,233 and yet it gets ignored because it's not vocal enough. 14 00:00:49,266 --> 00:00:51,733 And so we have, my foundation, 15 00:00:51,766 --> 00:00:54,600 the Richard Dawkins Foundation for Reason & Science, 16 00:00:54,633 --> 00:00:57,500 has a campaign called Openly Secular, 17 00:00:57,533 --> 00:01:00,666 which is an attempt to raise consciousness 18 00:01:00,700 --> 00:01:02,900 of the fact that there are lots and lots 19 00:01:02,933 --> 00:01:06,000 of non-religious people in America, 20 00:01:06,033 --> 00:01:08,233 far more than politicians realize 21 00:01:08,266 --> 00:01:10,566 and far more than each other realizes. 22 00:01:10,600 --> 00:01:12,566 In an interview recently, you said, 23 00:01:12,600 --> 00:01:16,233 quote, "I don't think I'd call myself combative. 24 00:01:16,266 --> 00:01:19,666 I think I'd call myself a lover of truth." 25 00:01:19,700 --> 00:01:21,566 And I'm wondering, what is your truth? 26 00:01:21,600 --> 00:01:24,666 When I appear to be combative 27 00:01:24,700 --> 00:01:26,000 and strident and shrill, 28 00:01:26,033 --> 00:01:28,433 which I'm often accused of, 29 00:01:28,466 --> 00:01:31,700 the reason is that I'm stating simple facts, 30 00:01:31,733 --> 00:01:35,333 and sometimes simple facts are disagreeable to people. 31 00:01:35,366 --> 00:01:39,066 For example, a few years ago... About 20 years ago, actually... 32 00:01:39,100 --> 00:01:40,800 In The New York Times, 33 00:01:40,833 --> 00:01:45,533 I wrote, "Anybody who claims to be a young Earth creationist 34 00:01:45,566 --> 00:01:49,366 is either stupid, ignorant, or insane." 35 00:01:49,400 --> 00:01:51,466 Now, that is a simple statement of fact. 36 00:01:51,500 --> 00:01:54,466 That's not a polemical statement. 37 00:01:58,800 --> 00:02:00,033 But you said, which I like... 38 00:02:00,066 --> 00:02:01,766 But it sounds... It sounds polemical 39 00:02:01,800 --> 00:02:03,700 because we've all got so used to thinking 40 00:02:03,733 --> 00:02:09,000 that you just don't say things like that about, about religion. 41 00:02:09,033 --> 00:02:10,966 And I must add at that point, of course, 42 00:02:11,000 --> 00:02:13,900 that sensible religious people have no problem with evolution. 43 00:02:13,933 --> 00:02:17,700 It's just, it's just the fundamentalists, and for them, 44 00:02:17,733 --> 00:02:21,066 the problem is usually not actually insanity or stupidity, 45 00:02:21,100 --> 00:02:22,933 it's usually actually ignorance. 46 00:02:22,966 --> 00:02:24,400 And ignorance is no crime. 47 00:02:24,433 --> 00:02:26,166 We're all ignorant of all kinds of things. 48 00:02:26,200 --> 00:02:27,933 So there's no crime to be ignorant 49 00:02:27,966 --> 00:02:29,366 of evolution, 50 00:02:29,400 --> 00:02:32,066 but you just shouldn't be quite so loud-mouthed about it. 51 00:02:32,100 --> 00:02:34,233 You also said this thing, 52 00:02:34,266 --> 00:02:36,366 which I want to sort of go into, 53 00:02:36,400 --> 00:02:39,233 which is, "Science is the poetry of reality." 54 00:02:39,266 --> 00:02:41,566 Which is a beautiful way of putting it, 55 00:02:41,600 --> 00:02:42,866 and I'm wondering if you could 56 00:02:42,900 --> 00:02:44,700 just talk about that further. 57 00:02:44,733 --> 00:02:49,433 I mean, just, you write in a very poetic way. 58 00:02:49,466 --> 00:02:51,100 You're influenced by music. 59 00:02:51,133 --> 00:02:53,166 You're a lover of literature 60 00:02:53,200 --> 00:02:56,766 and then also, just as a science. 61 00:02:56,800 --> 00:02:58,009 I mean, there are so many things 62 00:02:58,033 --> 00:03:00,333 feeding into that idea, I guess. 63 00:03:00,366 --> 00:03:03,933 I suppose I would take the ideal role model for this, 64 00:03:03,966 --> 00:03:06,633 somebody like Carl Sagan, 65 00:03:06,666 --> 00:03:09,900 or his modern-day successor, Neil deGrasse Tyson, 66 00:03:09,933 --> 00:03:12,333 or Carolyn Porco, 67 00:03:12,366 --> 00:03:14,666 who see, look out at the cosmos, 68 00:03:14,700 --> 00:03:18,133 look out at the universe, as poets. 69 00:03:18,166 --> 00:03:19,300 And why not? 70 00:03:19,333 --> 00:03:21,400 I mean, who could not be moved poetically 71 00:03:21,433 --> 00:03:23,833 by the sheer size and scale of the universe, 72 00:03:23,866 --> 00:03:25,533 the sheer number of stars? 73 00:03:25,566 --> 00:03:28,300 The same thing happens in biology, in my own field, 74 00:03:28,333 --> 00:03:29,500 when you think 75 00:03:29,533 --> 00:03:32,166 about the prodigious, stupefying complexity 76 00:03:32,200 --> 00:03:34,633 of a single living cell, 77 00:03:34,666 --> 00:03:36,833 let alone a body consisting of trillions of cells, 78 00:03:36,866 --> 00:03:39,733 when you think that we now understand 79 00:03:39,766 --> 00:03:41,900 where all that complexity came from. 80 00:03:41,933 --> 00:03:44,566 We now understand that it came 81 00:03:44,600 --> 00:03:47,433 from gradual process, 82 00:03:47,466 --> 00:03:49,900 incremental natural selection, 83 00:03:49,933 --> 00:03:52,300 lasting over hundreds of millions of years, 84 00:03:52,333 --> 00:03:54,466 culminating 85 00:03:54,500 --> 00:03:56,533 in creatures like us, 86 00:03:56,566 --> 00:04:00,800 with brains big enough to understand the whole process. 87 00:04:00,833 --> 00:04:02,933 And we in the 21st century 88 00:04:02,966 --> 00:04:06,666 are privileged to live after Darwin, 89 00:04:06,700 --> 00:04:09,100 after Newton, after Einstein. 90 00:04:09,133 --> 00:04:13,033 And therefore we are privileged to get that into our heads 91 00:04:13,066 --> 00:04:15,066 in a way that our ancestors couldn't. 92 00:04:15,100 --> 00:04:17,466 Who could not be moved poetically by that? 93 00:04:21,566 --> 00:04:23,009 Good morning, thanks for calling Ask NYPL. 94 00:04:23,033 --> 00:04:24,000 How can I help? 95 00:04:24,033 --> 00:04:26,433 Oh, the Gutenberg Bible 96 00:04:26,466 --> 00:04:29,366 is temporarily unavailable for viewing. 97 00:04:29,400 --> 00:04:31,566 I see you've got one book on hold 98 00:04:31,600 --> 00:04:33,966 called Working with Bereavement. 99 00:04:34,000 --> 00:04:36,200 I believe that the issue 100 00:04:36,233 --> 00:04:39,600 is that you are very close to the limit of 50. 101 00:04:39,633 --> 00:04:41,133 Yes. 102 00:04:41,166 --> 00:04:42,700 We still do have old books 103 00:04:42,733 --> 00:04:44,566 showing coats of arms from Europe 104 00:04:44,600 --> 00:04:46,066 and things like that. 105 00:04:46,100 --> 00:04:48,766 So let me go through the list again. 106 00:04:48,800 --> 00:04:52,533 You have Is There All... Is That All There Is?, 107 00:04:52,566 --> 00:04:54,466 Washington, DC, 108 00:04:54,500 --> 00:04:59,000 Plants of Power, The Meaning of Life, 109 00:04:59,033 --> 00:05:03,133 The Marriage Benefit, Between Panic and Desire... 110 00:05:03,166 --> 00:05:07,266 Okay, it's about the geography and geology of New York City 111 00:05:07,300 --> 00:05:12,466 back in the earliest, before... Before the Dutch arrival, 112 00:05:12,500 --> 00:05:14,733 okay, in the early 17th century. 113 00:05:14,766 --> 00:05:16,133 So you can return your books 114 00:05:16,166 --> 00:05:19,000 to any branch of Manhattan, the Bronx, or Staten Island. 115 00:05:19,033 --> 00:05:21,166 You cannot... you can't return your material 116 00:05:21,200 --> 00:05:22,766 to Brooklyn or Queens. 117 00:05:22,800 --> 00:05:28,133 A unicorn is actually an imaginary animal, okay? 118 00:05:28,166 --> 00:05:31,533 He's not, it's not a creature that ever existed. 119 00:05:31,566 --> 00:05:32,966 No, I don't speak Spanish. 120 00:05:33,000 --> 00:05:35,933 You need someone who speaks Spanish? 121 00:05:35,966 --> 00:05:36,933 Hold on. 122 00:05:36,966 --> 00:05:39,766 The first appearance I have of it 123 00:05:39,800 --> 00:05:44,566 is in the year 1225, okay? 124 00:05:44,600 --> 00:05:51,966 And it's got the opinion of one ancient monk that... 125 00:05:52,000 --> 00:05:54,166 I'll sort of have to translate this 126 00:05:54,200 --> 00:05:55,166 from Middle English, 127 00:05:55,200 --> 00:05:57,866 which I'm a little poor in. 128 00:05:57,900 --> 00:06:03,466 But he's sort of saying that man is a wolf on the outside, 129 00:06:03,500 --> 00:06:06,833 but inside himself, he's a unicorn. 130 00:06:06,866 --> 00:06:08,733 And they spell it with an E. 131 00:06:27,200 --> 00:06:28,942 What you have is a question that you want to answer. 132 00:06:28,966 --> 00:06:30,433 You want to basically find 133 00:06:30,466 --> 00:06:32,533 the place of origin for Hermann Herzog. 134 00:06:32,566 --> 00:06:33,700 What town, because... 135 00:06:33,733 --> 00:06:34,842 Where did he come from in Austria? 136 00:06:34,866 --> 00:06:36,833 Right, because I've connected 137 00:06:36,866 --> 00:06:38,500 in the Jewish genealogy group, JewishGen, 138 00:06:38,533 --> 00:06:40,333 with the person 139 00:06:40,366 --> 00:06:43,066 who does all the Jewish Herzogs in Austria. 140 00:06:43,100 --> 00:06:44,100 Sure, uh-huh. 141 00:06:44,133 --> 00:06:45,566 She just needed a town. 142 00:06:45,600 --> 00:06:47,066 She just needed a town, okay. 143 00:06:47,100 --> 00:06:49,000 So she's, she's... Because she's a Herzog, 144 00:06:49,033 --> 00:06:53,400 she has actually found all of the Herzogs. 145 00:06:53,433 --> 00:06:54,966 That's her specialty. 146 00:06:55,000 --> 00:06:56,300 Mmm, oh, okay... oh. 147 00:06:56,333 --> 00:06:57,300 So I was, like, I just... 148 00:06:57,333 --> 00:06:58,300 So you just needed a little... 149 00:06:58,333 --> 00:06:59,342 to narrow it down to which one. 150 00:06:59,366 --> 00:07:02,366 What I'm going to say we should do 151 00:07:02,400 --> 00:07:03,366 is take a look at the 1910 census... 152 00:07:03,400 --> 00:07:04,366 Okay. 153 00:07:04,400 --> 00:07:05,466 And get that information 154 00:07:05,500 --> 00:07:07,533 about immigration and naturalization. 155 00:07:07,566 --> 00:07:09,033 What I would do next is, 156 00:07:09,066 --> 00:07:10,866 is do a complete document sweep 157 00:07:10,900 --> 00:07:12,140 and get everything you can find 158 00:07:12,166 --> 00:07:16,433 that might give you clues as to where, when he came in. 159 00:07:16,466 --> 00:07:18,366 If you can find those naturalization papers, 160 00:07:18,400 --> 00:07:20,566 if he's accurately remembered and described 161 00:07:20,600 --> 00:07:21,866 when he immigrated... 162 00:07:21,900 --> 00:07:22,966 Mm-hmm. 163 00:07:23,000 --> 00:07:25,200 You might be able to then go back to Ancestry 164 00:07:25,233 --> 00:07:29,233 or Ellis Island... the same lists... 165 00:07:29,266 --> 00:07:30,233 Right. 166 00:07:30,266 --> 00:07:31,733 And then browse by the ship. 167 00:07:31,766 --> 00:07:33,733 Check the dates of the ships coming in 168 00:07:33,766 --> 00:07:35,666 and see if you can find him in there. 169 00:07:35,700 --> 00:07:38,133 Would I have to go through a whole year's worth of ships? 170 00:07:38,166 --> 00:07:40,600 No, because hopefully he's remembered 171 00:07:40,633 --> 00:07:43,233 the correct date when he came in. 172 00:07:43,266 --> 00:07:45,076 This is the right year, because you know, the census, 173 00:07:45,100 --> 00:07:46,800 they just ask whoever answers the door. 174 00:07:46,833 --> 00:07:48,576 But I'm, I'm hoping in the naturalization record, 175 00:07:48,600 --> 00:07:52,333 he may have correctly remembered the date he came in... 176 00:07:52,366 --> 00:07:53,400 And the town... 177 00:07:53,433 --> 00:07:54,942 The day and, you know, the day and month. 178 00:07:54,966 --> 00:07:55,933 Okay. 179 00:07:55,966 --> 00:07:57,142 And I mean, there's probably... 180 00:07:57,166 --> 00:07:58,276 In the naturalization papers, 181 00:07:58,300 --> 00:08:00,266 the place of origin might be in there, as well. 182 00:08:00,300 --> 00:08:01,733 So it's... 183 00:08:01,766 --> 00:08:04,433 I can't see naturalization papers online, though, right? 184 00:08:04,466 --> 00:08:06,066 Ancestry has some. 185 00:08:06,100 --> 00:08:07,066 We have a database called Fold3. 186 00:08:07,100 --> 00:08:08,066 Oh, right. 187 00:08:08,100 --> 00:08:09,142 I'm going to put you on Fold3 next... 188 00:08:09,166 --> 00:08:10,133 Okay. 189 00:08:10,166 --> 00:08:12,866 And see if you can pull something up. 190 00:08:46,500 --> 00:08:47,933 It was Andrew Carnegie 191 00:08:47,966 --> 00:08:49,633 who invented for this institution, 192 00:08:49,666 --> 00:08:50,766 and I think, more broadly, 193 00:08:50,800 --> 00:08:54,700 the idea of public-private partnership. 194 00:08:54,733 --> 00:08:56,433 Indeed, this institution, 195 00:08:56,466 --> 00:08:59,433 despite the word "public" in its title, 196 00:08:59,466 --> 00:09:02,266 is the quintessential public-private partnership. 197 00:09:02,300 --> 00:09:05,300 Literally half the funding of the New York Public Library 198 00:09:05,333 --> 00:09:08,566 comes from the public, particularly the city, 199 00:09:08,600 --> 00:09:11,900 and half comes from private sources, 200 00:09:11,933 --> 00:09:14,666 including people in this room. 201 00:09:14,700 --> 00:09:15,842 And it's private philanthropy 202 00:09:15,866 --> 00:09:20,366 that launched the pilots that we then assess, 203 00:09:20,400 --> 00:09:22,833 again, using private sources, 204 00:09:22,866 --> 00:09:25,200 and look, and look 205 00:09:25,233 --> 00:09:29,600 for other private associations to partner with. 206 00:09:29,633 --> 00:09:31,766 And what's been fascinating to watch 207 00:09:31,800 --> 00:09:34,666 is the way in which those private investments... 208 00:09:34,700 --> 00:09:36,433 Hi, Alberta... 209 00:09:36,466 --> 00:09:41,800 Those private investments have now inspired the city, 210 00:09:41,833 --> 00:09:43,733 as public funder, 211 00:09:43,766 --> 00:09:47,866 to provide the largest single increase in city funding 212 00:09:47,900 --> 00:09:50,666 to the public libraries in history. 213 00:09:50,700 --> 00:09:53,633 So, and, and one of the things that you're going to see is, 214 00:09:53,666 --> 00:09:56,700 now with the city back in in full strength, 215 00:09:56,733 --> 00:09:58,400 or close enough, 216 00:09:58,433 --> 00:10:02,533 that will also inspire more private philanthropy 217 00:10:02,566 --> 00:10:04,400 to keep that cycle going. 218 00:10:04,433 --> 00:10:06,033 That's one example. 219 00:10:06,066 --> 00:10:10,800 A second example is on the issue of internet connectivity. 220 00:10:10,833 --> 00:10:14,033 Three million New Yorkers are not connected at home. 221 00:10:14,066 --> 00:10:15,666 They are in the digital dark. 222 00:10:15,700 --> 00:10:19,066 We could have all the content in the world, 223 00:10:19,100 --> 00:10:22,400 but if you don't have connection to it, it does you no good. 224 00:10:22,433 --> 00:10:25,466 And this is how people are learning and engaging 225 00:10:25,500 --> 00:10:27,966 in the 21st century. 226 00:10:28,000 --> 00:10:30,466 So again, we went, 227 00:10:30,500 --> 00:10:32,966 we found private philanthropy. 228 00:10:33,000 --> 00:10:36,800 We started a 10,000-household lend of internet 229 00:10:36,833 --> 00:10:38,700 into people's homes, 230 00:10:38,733 --> 00:10:41,466 and that has in turn inspired 231 00:10:41,500 --> 00:10:45,000 the White House and the FCC to consider 232 00:10:45,033 --> 00:10:48,733 moving billions of federal dollars 233 00:10:48,766 --> 00:10:52,466 through the FCC to get at the digital divide problems 234 00:10:52,500 --> 00:10:55,766 which keep 60 to 70 million Americans 235 00:10:55,800 --> 00:10:57,200 in the digital dark. 236 00:10:57,233 --> 00:10:59,400 So, again, an example of the way 237 00:10:59,433 --> 00:11:04,066 in which private philanthropy can move public investment. 238 00:11:04,100 --> 00:11:07,100 Lastly, last example. 239 00:11:07,133 --> 00:11:08,400 I've already said 240 00:11:08,433 --> 00:11:09,742 you could have all the content in the world, 241 00:11:09,766 --> 00:11:11,042 but if you don't have connectivity, 242 00:11:11,066 --> 00:11:12,900 it does you not much good. 243 00:11:12,933 --> 00:11:15,566 We do not yet have all the content, 244 00:11:15,600 --> 00:11:17,166 all the quality content 245 00:11:17,200 --> 00:11:19,300 that this institution represents. 246 00:11:19,333 --> 00:11:23,133 We do not yet have it all available. 247 00:11:23,166 --> 00:11:25,000 The vast majority of the books, 248 00:11:25,033 --> 00:11:27,366 archives, images in this building 249 00:11:27,400 --> 00:11:28,533 and throughout our system, 250 00:11:28,566 --> 00:11:30,133 and indeed throughout all libraries, 251 00:11:30,166 --> 00:11:33,166 is not available online. 252 00:11:33,200 --> 00:11:36,533 That is the Holy Grail of the 21st century. 253 00:11:36,566 --> 00:11:40,033 It's what this technology wants to make possible. 254 00:11:40,066 --> 00:11:42,833 It means we have to digitize our collections. 255 00:11:42,866 --> 00:11:47,333 It means we have to make deals with publishers and authors 256 00:11:47,366 --> 00:11:48,933 to pay fair compensation 257 00:11:48,966 --> 00:11:51,866 for use of copyrighted materials. 258 00:11:51,900 --> 00:11:54,500 It means we need to create a platform 259 00:11:54,533 --> 00:11:57,933 that would enable people in New York, 260 00:11:57,966 --> 00:11:59,066 in the United States, 261 00:11:59,100 --> 00:12:00,676 or, thinking about Paul Farmer's great work, 262 00:12:00,700 --> 00:12:03,900 anywhere in the world 263 00:12:03,933 --> 00:12:07,600 to be able to get access to this content. 264 00:12:07,633 --> 00:12:12,100 Private philanthropy will make that possible. 265 00:12:12,133 --> 00:12:13,509 When we're talking about philanthropy 266 00:12:13,533 --> 00:12:15,166 in the 21st century, 267 00:12:15,200 --> 00:12:17,666 at this moment in history, 268 00:12:17,700 --> 00:12:21,233 inequality is the elephant in the room. 269 00:12:21,266 --> 00:12:26,166 I believe that education, the access to information, 270 00:12:26,200 --> 00:12:29,833 is the fundamental solution over time 271 00:12:29,866 --> 00:12:31,400 to inequality. 272 00:12:31,433 --> 00:12:33,166 And I think its power 273 00:12:33,200 --> 00:12:35,400 cannot be underestimated. 274 00:14:42,100 --> 00:14:45,100 Okay, let me see how yours turned out. 275 00:14:45,133 --> 00:14:46,300 I think mine... 276 00:14:46,333 --> 00:14:48,400 Oh, it worked, look. 277 00:14:48,433 --> 00:14:50,633 Now let's add some color in there. 278 00:14:50,666 --> 00:14:53,833 So what are you going to write in yours? 279 00:14:53,866 --> 00:14:56,166 I hardly ever write in mine. 280 00:14:56,200 --> 00:14:57,866 What are you supposed to write in this? 281 00:14:57,900 --> 00:14:59,666 This one says 70 divided by one. 282 00:14:59,700 --> 00:15:00,666 What do you get? 283 00:15:00,700 --> 00:15:02,233 70. 284 00:15:02,266 --> 00:15:03,533 Good. 285 00:15:03,566 --> 00:15:05,300 So press "okay." 286 00:15:14,633 --> 00:15:17,133 Want to read about the monkeys? 287 00:15:20,133 --> 00:15:22,933 Okay, let me see how yours turned out. 288 00:15:22,966 --> 00:15:24,100 I think mine... 289 00:15:24,133 --> 00:15:26,666 Oh, it worked, look. 290 00:15:26,700 --> 00:15:28,100 Okay, let's add some stuff in there. 291 00:15:31,366 --> 00:15:32,333 Eight? 292 00:15:32,366 --> 00:15:34,033 You stopped at 39, right? 293 00:15:34,066 --> 00:15:38,300 How many... so this is 39, how many fingers are here? 294 00:15:38,333 --> 00:15:39,666 Five. 295 00:15:39,700 --> 00:15:40,666 Mm-hmm. 296 00:15:40,700 --> 00:15:41,733 Five? 297 00:15:41,766 --> 00:15:42,733 Let's see. 298 00:15:42,766 --> 00:15:44,000 Oh! 299 00:15:44,033 --> 00:15:46,000 How's it going, Ravi? 300 00:15:46,033 --> 00:15:48,000 You like the book? Yeah. 301 00:15:48,033 --> 00:15:49,376 Awesome. When you're done with that book, 302 00:15:49,400 --> 00:15:52,066 we've got to do an activity, okay? 303 00:15:52,100 --> 00:15:53,442 This is... you know, this is every day 304 00:15:53,466 --> 00:15:56,433 I give you the paper with the activity, right? 305 00:15:56,466 --> 00:15:57,633 You mean like that? 306 00:15:57,666 --> 00:16:00,666 Yes, like that. 307 00:16:00,700 --> 00:16:02,500 Take your time, finish reading. 308 00:16:02,533 --> 00:16:05,833 The most famous 309 00:16:05,866 --> 00:16:11,700 crime-fighting dog in the country. 310 00:16:11,733 --> 00:16:13,366 Country. Good job. 311 00:16:13,400 --> 00:16:15,033 How did he fight the crime? 312 00:16:15,066 --> 00:16:17,766 What made the burglars pass out? 313 00:16:17,800 --> 00:16:19,900 The breath. Good. 314 00:16:19,933 --> 00:16:22,166 So you can put that they fought in the war. 315 00:16:22,200 --> 00:16:24,300 So you can write about that. 316 00:16:24,333 --> 00:16:26,166 Thank you. 317 00:16:26,200 --> 00:16:27,566 But I don't have enough space. 318 00:16:27,600 --> 00:16:29,076 You're going to have space, don't worry. 319 00:16:29,100 --> 00:16:30,300 And you can always just turn 320 00:16:30,333 --> 00:16:31,600 and write on this side, right? 321 00:16:31,633 --> 00:16:32,800 So just start. 322 00:16:32,833 --> 00:16:33,800 Write that sentence that you just told me. 323 00:16:33,833 --> 00:16:36,900 F-I-... 324 00:16:36,933 --> 00:16:39,966 No, no, F-R-I-E-N-D. 325 00:16:40,000 --> 00:16:41,466 D-S, not D-E-S. 326 00:16:41,500 --> 00:16:44,533 So you need to erase that and write that over, please. 327 00:16:44,566 --> 00:16:48,300 Ted got a red rock at the pet store. 328 00:16:48,333 --> 00:16:49,766 What do you get at the pet store? 329 00:16:52,266 --> 00:16:54,366 What is a pet store for? 330 00:16:54,400 --> 00:16:55,866 A fish. 331 00:16:55,900 --> 00:16:57,666 Okay, so that makes better sense, right? 332 00:16:57,700 --> 00:17:01,733 One, two, three, four, no? 333 00:17:01,766 --> 00:17:02,733 This one. 334 00:17:02,766 --> 00:17:03,733 Are you guessing? 335 00:17:03,766 --> 00:17:04,733 Yes. 336 00:17:04,766 --> 00:17:06,333 Should we be guessing? No. 337 00:17:19,200 --> 00:17:20,909 And one of the things I really found fascinating 338 00:17:20,933 --> 00:17:22,066 about your book is the way 339 00:17:22,100 --> 00:17:23,733 that you delineate a kind of attention 340 00:17:23,766 --> 00:17:25,000 between princes and clerics. 341 00:17:25,033 --> 00:17:26,000 Ah, right. 342 00:17:26,033 --> 00:17:27,700 Right? And there's a kind of a, 343 00:17:27,733 --> 00:17:32,300 a sense that some of the... friction 344 00:17:32,333 --> 00:17:35,866 between political leaders who are slightly more secular 345 00:17:35,900 --> 00:17:38,833 or secularly oriented towards the accumulation 346 00:17:38,866 --> 00:17:42,400 of material power, wealth, military power, 347 00:17:42,433 --> 00:17:44,333 and the way that that ends up 348 00:17:44,366 --> 00:17:46,033 being in conflict with religious leaders 349 00:17:46,066 --> 00:17:47,300 in the region. 350 00:17:47,333 --> 00:17:49,033 These are two groups of people that, 351 00:17:49,066 --> 00:17:50,066 for the most part, 352 00:17:50,100 --> 00:17:51,600 by the middle of the 18th century, 353 00:17:51,633 --> 00:17:52,633 cannot stand one another. 354 00:17:52,866 --> 00:17:54,066 Okay? 355 00:17:54,100 --> 00:17:58,366 Ruling political authorities and clerical elites 356 00:17:58,400 --> 00:18:00,433 are at odds with one another, and this is in part 357 00:18:00,466 --> 00:18:03,233 because at the end of the 17th century, 358 00:18:03,266 --> 00:18:04,800 there was a revolutionary movement 359 00:18:04,833 --> 00:18:06,833 directed by clerics that sought to end 360 00:18:06,866 --> 00:18:09,366 the Atlantic slave trade at that point in time. 361 00:18:09,400 --> 00:18:15,266 And when the... the ruling hereditary kings 362 00:18:15,300 --> 00:18:17,866 were able to successfully make common cause 363 00:18:17,900 --> 00:18:20,200 with the French slave traders in the region, 364 00:18:20,233 --> 00:18:22,166 and expel those clerics that wanted 365 00:18:22,200 --> 00:18:24,400 to end the slave trade, 366 00:18:24,433 --> 00:18:28,900 those kings, they visited a painful retribution 367 00:18:28,933 --> 00:18:30,200 upon all of the clerics 368 00:18:30,233 --> 00:18:32,533 that had been involved in the uprising. 369 00:18:32,566 --> 00:18:35,766 And they violated centuries-old taboos 370 00:18:35,800 --> 00:18:38,566 about not enslaving holy people. 371 00:18:38,600 --> 00:18:40,533 So they had, you know, 372 00:18:40,566 --> 00:18:42,733 people that were Koran memorizers, 373 00:18:42,766 --> 00:18:45,166 religious scholars, and they, 374 00:18:45,200 --> 00:18:46,633 they rounded these people up 375 00:18:46,666 --> 00:18:48,133 and they sold them off into slavery, 376 00:18:48,166 --> 00:18:49,933 and you've got accounts that come, you know, 377 00:18:49,966 --> 00:18:53,333 from French slave traders like Jean Barbot in 1681 378 00:18:53,366 --> 00:18:54,909 where he says, "I think there was somebody like this 379 00:18:54,933 --> 00:18:57,100 on one of the ships that I filled in Gorée." 380 00:18:57,133 --> 00:19:01,066 He said, "This black priest was aboard, was aboard my boat 381 00:19:01,100 --> 00:19:02,766 "for two months before he spoke a word, 382 00:19:02,800 --> 00:19:04,500 "so deep was his sorrow. 383 00:19:04,533 --> 00:19:06,100 I sold him in the American islands." 384 00:19:07,700 --> 00:19:11,500 So the... the clerics weren't used to this sort of treatment. 385 00:19:11,533 --> 00:19:15,333 Kings violated, you know, traditional protocols 386 00:19:15,366 --> 00:19:19,833 by enslaving clerics en masse, and so this leads 387 00:19:19,866 --> 00:19:23,100 to really heightened tension in the 18th century, 388 00:19:23,133 --> 00:19:25,200 but it also leads to a situation in the 18th century 389 00:19:25,233 --> 00:19:27,433 where the clerics are politically weak. 390 00:19:27,466 --> 00:19:29,400 And it's part of the reason why the slave trade 391 00:19:29,433 --> 00:19:32,033 becomes so extensive from the region. Right. 392 00:19:32,066 --> 00:19:34,366 And there's all kinds of critiques that come 393 00:19:34,400 --> 00:19:36,100 from the clerical class now about this, 394 00:19:36,133 --> 00:19:38,833 essentially that their rulers in this society 395 00:19:38,866 --> 00:19:40,766 who are people that call themselves Muslims, 396 00:19:40,800 --> 00:19:43,166 they don't identify with any other religion, 397 00:19:43,200 --> 00:19:48,366 but they're trading their own citizens, Muslims, 398 00:19:48,400 --> 00:19:53,566 for rum, and guns, and nice cloth. 399 00:19:53,600 --> 00:19:55,200 And that's the kind of thing 400 00:19:55,233 --> 00:19:57,300 that is going to lead to a really powerful 401 00:19:57,333 --> 00:20:00,333 and bitter critique on the part of the clerics. 402 00:20:00,366 --> 00:20:02,366 This is a notion which is very pervasive 403 00:20:02,400 --> 00:20:04,233 in a lot of the scholarship, 404 00:20:04,266 --> 00:20:06,166 that slavery and Islam somehow go together. 405 00:20:06,200 --> 00:20:07,500 Yeah. 406 00:20:07,533 --> 00:20:09,200 Either that there is a, there is something 407 00:20:09,233 --> 00:20:11,833 in the faith that licenses it, 408 00:20:11,866 --> 00:20:13,300 that with the spread of Islam 409 00:20:13,333 --> 00:20:14,433 goes the spread of slavery. 410 00:20:14,466 --> 00:20:15,966 There's your local story, 411 00:20:16,000 --> 00:20:17,566 but I also get the sense 412 00:20:17,600 --> 00:20:19,800 that you're telling a much bigger story 413 00:20:19,833 --> 00:20:21,166 about how we think about Islam, 414 00:20:21,200 --> 00:20:22,500 how we think about slavery, 415 00:20:22,533 --> 00:20:25,100 and what their relationship is to each other. 416 00:20:25,133 --> 00:20:28,633 So, the short answer is that we were told a lie 417 00:20:28,666 --> 00:20:32,066 by late 19th- and early 20th-century orientalists 418 00:20:32,100 --> 00:20:35,800 who suggested that... that slavery and Islam 419 00:20:35,833 --> 00:20:37,566 were coterminous, and this was part 420 00:20:37,600 --> 00:20:42,333 of a very motivated attempt both to denigrate 421 00:20:42,366 --> 00:20:45,000 African societies and Muslim societies. 422 00:20:45,033 --> 00:20:49,100 And, and to monopolize claims on freedom 423 00:20:49,133 --> 00:20:51,933 and emancipatory thought within a Western post-enlightenment tradition. 424 00:20:53,600 --> 00:20:55,666 So that Islam and African society 425 00:20:55,700 --> 00:20:58,666 become coterminous with slavery and despotism, 426 00:20:58,700 --> 00:21:01,000 and the white people are to be given credit 427 00:21:01,033 --> 00:21:03,166 for everything that was ever liberatory 428 00:21:03,200 --> 00:21:06,066 or emancipatory in human thought. 429 00:21:06,100 --> 00:21:08,633 And so the way in which we approached 430 00:21:08,666 --> 00:21:10,933 the question of the relationship 431 00:21:10,966 --> 00:21:13,866 between slavery and Islam was not historical. 432 00:21:13,900 --> 00:21:18,633 It was polemical, and people refer 433 00:21:18,666 --> 00:21:21,433 to particular canonical text, 434 00:21:21,466 --> 00:21:23,300 not the Koran itself, 435 00:21:23,333 --> 00:21:25,400 almost never the Koran itself, 436 00:21:25,433 --> 00:21:27,000 but to later legal text 437 00:21:27,033 --> 00:21:30,100 to paint a portrait of an Islamic law 438 00:21:30,133 --> 00:21:32,333 that was accepting of slavery. 439 00:21:32,366 --> 00:21:35,200 Whereas once you start to scratch the surface 440 00:21:35,233 --> 00:21:37,800 of the actual legal opinions, 441 00:21:37,833 --> 00:21:40,000 you realize that nobody agreed about anything, 442 00:21:40,033 --> 00:21:42,466 and there were people that never accepted the idea 443 00:21:42,500 --> 00:21:45,400 that any enslavement could happen 444 00:21:45,433 --> 00:21:49,233 beyond the time of the original wars 445 00:21:49,266 --> 00:21:51,200 that the prophet himself directed. 446 00:21:51,233 --> 00:21:53,366 And that he himself had freed any person 447 00:21:53,400 --> 00:21:55,100 that he had ever owned during his life 448 00:21:55,133 --> 00:21:56,366 before he died, 449 00:21:56,400 --> 00:21:58,600 and that there was a very powerful 450 00:21:58,633 --> 00:22:03,400 thread of antislavery thought within Islam that was being 451 00:22:03,433 --> 00:22:05,300 systematically downplayed. 452 00:22:05,333 --> 00:22:09,066 So what I was doing is trying to tell a historical story 453 00:22:09,100 --> 00:22:10,266 that gave expression 454 00:22:10,300 --> 00:22:13,033 to some of that intellectual ambivalence 455 00:22:13,066 --> 00:22:14,933 about slavery within Muslim societies 456 00:22:14,966 --> 00:22:17,666 and to see that people actually found resources 457 00:22:17,700 --> 00:22:21,233 to think against slavery 458 00:22:21,266 --> 00:22:22,609 within conventional Islamic thought. 459 00:22:22,633 --> 00:22:24,500 This revolution in the Senegal River Valley 460 00:22:24,533 --> 00:22:28,400 was framed by a series 461 00:22:28,433 --> 00:22:30,500 of conspicuous incidences of enslavement 462 00:22:30,533 --> 00:22:32,533 of prominent clerics that increasingly 463 00:22:32,566 --> 00:22:34,433 radicalized the society. 464 00:22:34,466 --> 00:22:35,976 Clerics traditionally in this region were people 465 00:22:36,000 --> 00:22:37,966 who never held political power, 466 00:22:38,000 --> 00:22:40,300 they were generally forbidden to bear arms 467 00:22:40,333 --> 00:22:42,100 and they did so anyway. 468 00:22:42,133 --> 00:22:44,266 They taught themselves to do it, because they said, 469 00:22:44,300 --> 00:22:47,633 "If these are the kings that we've got, then no more kings." 470 00:22:47,666 --> 00:22:50,533 They not only tried to abolish the... 471 00:22:50,566 --> 00:22:52,000 first the slave trade, 472 00:22:52,033 --> 00:22:53,700 then the institution of slavery itself, 473 00:22:53,733 --> 00:22:57,333 but they also abolished monarchy 474 00:22:57,366 --> 00:23:00,766 and introduced a kind of form of clerical republicanism, 475 00:23:00,800 --> 00:23:01,933 and that's where the first 476 00:23:01,966 --> 00:23:04,200 Atlantic revolution idea comes in, 477 00:23:04,233 --> 00:23:06,200 is that this is not just a revolution 478 00:23:06,233 --> 00:23:08,966 that is about defining the bounds of liberty 479 00:23:09,000 --> 00:23:10,966 in the same way that the American revolution 480 00:23:11,000 --> 00:23:13,133 or the Haitian revolution or the French revolution 481 00:23:13,166 --> 00:23:15,933 is trying to define what liberty is. 482 00:23:15,966 --> 00:23:17,700 Even if we end up selling out pretty hard 483 00:23:17,733 --> 00:23:21,566 on the whole slavery thing, in this particular country. 484 00:23:21,600 --> 00:23:24,000 But it's also one that, that is seeking 485 00:23:24,033 --> 00:23:25,200 to put an end to monarchy. 486 00:23:25,233 --> 00:23:26,466 This is an Atlantic revolution 487 00:23:26,500 --> 00:23:29,000 because some of its agents and lieutenants 488 00:23:29,033 --> 00:23:31,100 get exported as slaves, and they end up 489 00:23:31,133 --> 00:23:32,433 spreading word of this revolution 490 00:23:32,466 --> 00:23:34,100 in slave barracks. 491 00:23:34,133 --> 00:23:35,533 But it's particularly regrettable 492 00:23:35,566 --> 00:23:37,866 insofar as this story 493 00:23:37,900 --> 00:23:40,900 demonstrates that some of the genealogies 494 00:23:40,933 --> 00:23:44,766 of the values of liberty and emancipatory thought 495 00:23:44,800 --> 00:23:46,800 that we hold dear, 496 00:23:46,833 --> 00:23:51,166 were articulated not just by the, the ancestors 497 00:23:51,200 --> 00:23:53,776 - of the European population in this country, 498 00:23:53,800 --> 00:23:56,666 But by the ancestors of the African population as well. 499 00:23:56,700 --> 00:23:58,400 And that they were articulated in terms 500 00:23:58,433 --> 00:24:00,400 that were thought through with respect 501 00:24:00,433 --> 00:24:02,433 to the Koran rather than the Bible. 502 00:24:02,466 --> 00:24:04,200 They were thought through with respect 503 00:24:04,233 --> 00:24:05,833 to the Atlantic experience 504 00:24:05,866 --> 00:24:07,309 of being the victim of the slave trade, 505 00:24:07,333 --> 00:24:09,066 rather than the Atlantic experience 506 00:24:09,100 --> 00:24:11,766 of being the progenitors of the slave trade. 507 00:24:11,800 --> 00:24:13,009 When groups come to power that are opposed 508 00:24:13,033 --> 00:24:14,366 to the Atlantic slave trade, 509 00:24:14,400 --> 00:24:16,766 the Europeans, while they might not be able to go in 510 00:24:16,800 --> 00:24:19,200 and force of the slave trade, they're perfectly 511 00:24:19,233 --> 00:24:21,233 capable of arming and providing 512 00:24:21,266 --> 00:24:23,966 logistical support and providing gunboats 513 00:24:24,000 --> 00:24:26,333 and soldiers to parties who are interested 514 00:24:26,366 --> 00:24:27,733 in continuing the trade. 515 00:24:27,766 --> 00:24:28,900 And that's what they do. 516 00:24:28,933 --> 00:24:30,100 Clarkson refers to this 517 00:24:30,133 --> 00:24:32,233 in his letters on the slave trade. 518 00:24:32,266 --> 00:24:34,966 He said the policy of Europeans in Africa 519 00:24:35,000 --> 00:24:38,100 is to... is to make, is to subvert 520 00:24:38,133 --> 00:24:39,966 the just principles of government 521 00:24:40,000 --> 00:24:41,866 and turn kings into wolves 522 00:24:41,900 --> 00:24:44,700 instead of shepherds amongst their people. 523 00:24:44,733 --> 00:24:46,166 And so the... if you want to just 524 00:24:46,200 --> 00:24:48,700 think about it in a word, the European policy 525 00:24:48,733 --> 00:24:52,800 in Africa is "feed the wolves, starve the shepherds." 526 00:25:14,566 --> 00:25:16,200 This is a really special library. 527 00:25:16,233 --> 00:25:17,500 This library is 528 00:25:17,533 --> 00:25:19,400 part of Lincoln Center. 529 00:25:19,433 --> 00:25:20,933 So, we share its mission 530 00:25:20,966 --> 00:25:24,100 of presenting artistic excellence 531 00:25:24,133 --> 00:25:26,100 of the highest caliber. 532 00:25:26,133 --> 00:25:28,566 We're also part of the New York Public Library, 533 00:25:28,600 --> 00:25:31,000 so we share the library's mission 534 00:25:31,033 --> 00:25:34,533 of being a warm, welcoming place 535 00:25:34,566 --> 00:25:37,800 that's committed to education and committed to nurturing 536 00:25:37,833 --> 00:25:40,933 everyone's individual passions and curiosity. 537 00:25:40,966 --> 00:25:42,400 And we like to think that 538 00:25:42,433 --> 00:25:44,700 we're a great marriage of those two missions, 539 00:25:44,733 --> 00:25:46,333 the mission of Lincoln Center 540 00:25:46,366 --> 00:25:48,766 and the mission of the New York Public Library. 541 00:25:48,800 --> 00:25:50,066 And this recital tonight 542 00:25:50,100 --> 00:25:53,733 really represents that well, in my opinion. 543 00:25:53,766 --> 00:25:56,100 We have some wonderful pieces of music, 544 00:25:56,133 --> 00:25:59,766 especially terrific work 545 00:25:59,800 --> 00:26:03,033 by the amazing composer Ned Rorem. 546 00:26:03,066 --> 00:26:06,100 Carolyn is an incredible pianist, a great artist. 547 00:26:06,133 --> 00:26:08,733 She's performed in many of the... 548 00:26:08,766 --> 00:26:10,266 our city's great performance halls, 549 00:26:10,300 --> 00:26:13,033 and she's also, I think, a wonderful embodiment 550 00:26:13,066 --> 00:26:16,400 of that welcoming, generous spirit 551 00:26:16,433 --> 00:26:18,666 that the Library tries to embody as well. 552 00:32:50,433 --> 00:32:52,433 We are here today so we can offer jobs 553 00:32:52,466 --> 00:32:57,200 to 17 to 35 qualified individuals. 554 00:32:57,233 --> 00:32:59,266 Um, you know, basically, you all know what we do. 555 00:32:59,300 --> 00:33:00,966 We do defend the country. 556 00:33:01,000 --> 00:33:05,366 I'm here for active Army and Army Reserve, 17 to 35. 557 00:33:05,400 --> 00:33:09,600 We are always hiring at Morris Heights Health Center, 558 00:33:09,633 --> 00:33:12,033 and we always have opportunities, 559 00:33:12,066 --> 00:33:14,733 whether it's for administration, whether it's for marketing, 560 00:33:14,766 --> 00:33:17,866 whether it's for healthcare, customer service, clerical, 561 00:33:17,900 --> 00:33:20,533 you name it, we've got it at Morris Heights. 562 00:33:20,566 --> 00:33:21,966 We do have a table 563 00:33:22,000 --> 00:33:24,000 where we're providing free screenings today. 564 00:33:24,033 --> 00:33:25,466 We're checking the blood pressure, 565 00:33:25,500 --> 00:33:27,600 we're checking the sugar, and we're also 566 00:33:27,633 --> 00:33:32,000 doing rapid H.I.V. testing today, completely free. 567 00:33:32,033 --> 00:33:35,233 Did you hear that? Free. 568 00:33:35,266 --> 00:33:36,633 The idea of Gotcha Techs 569 00:33:36,666 --> 00:33:38,900 has been to help the community in ways that we are here 570 00:33:38,933 --> 00:33:41,066 working with the public library. 571 00:33:41,100 --> 00:33:45,433 So, don't think because you don't have skills currently 572 00:33:45,466 --> 00:33:47,166 that you can't attain those skills. 573 00:33:47,200 --> 00:33:49,166 Because we also work with and promote 574 00:33:49,200 --> 00:33:50,533 the library's program, 575 00:33:50,566 --> 00:33:53,333 which is the TechConnect program here at the library. 576 00:33:53,366 --> 00:33:56,500 It does a lot of training to help lift your skillset. 577 00:33:59,100 --> 00:34:00,540 So we're going to pause for a minute. 578 00:34:08,000 --> 00:34:11,133 We've got people who are working right now 579 00:34:11,166 --> 00:34:12,800 who are not job-ready. 580 00:34:12,833 --> 00:34:14,300 The trend is, people are getting jobs 581 00:34:14,333 --> 00:34:15,833 based on who you know. 582 00:34:15,866 --> 00:34:16,909 So, one of the things I want to do is 583 00:34:16,933 --> 00:34:17,900 I want to continue 584 00:34:17,933 --> 00:34:19,866 to add value to people. 585 00:34:19,900 --> 00:34:21,800 It doesn't matter what kind of jobs you've had, 586 00:34:21,833 --> 00:34:23,133 what kind of experience. 587 00:34:23,166 --> 00:34:26,133 If you're eager to work, I can work with you. 588 00:34:26,166 --> 00:34:28,233 Hey, you might have the education, 589 00:34:28,266 --> 00:34:30,133 you might have the experience. 590 00:34:30,166 --> 00:34:32,000 But the question is, are you going to be 591 00:34:32,033 --> 00:34:34,500 a good fit to work here? 592 00:34:34,533 --> 00:34:35,742 They're looking at your personality. 593 00:34:35,766 --> 00:34:38,233 And the first five minutes of your interview 594 00:34:38,266 --> 00:34:40,009 will determine whether you get the job or not. 595 00:34:40,033 --> 00:34:41,400 Now you need to synchronize 596 00:34:41,433 --> 00:34:44,000 your responses with your body language. 597 00:34:44,033 --> 00:34:46,766 "Are you a people-person, Ms. Rodriguez?" 598 00:34:46,800 --> 00:34:48,633 "Yes, I'm a people person." 599 00:34:48,666 --> 00:34:50,633 "Mr. Torres, why should we hire you?" 600 00:34:50,666 --> 00:34:53,100 "You should hire me because I have... 601 00:34:53,133 --> 00:34:55,900 I'm very enthusiastic and I have passion." 602 00:34:55,933 --> 00:34:57,000 That's what we want. 603 00:34:57,033 --> 00:34:58,666 We want your transferable skills 604 00:34:58,700 --> 00:35:02,933 to be transparent, so people can see that passion. 605 00:35:02,966 --> 00:35:05,000 What are your top three assets? 606 00:35:05,033 --> 00:35:07,633 You need to bring that out in an interview, okay? 607 00:35:07,666 --> 00:35:09,566 Otherwise, they won't see that. 608 00:35:09,600 --> 00:35:10,709 You know, an interview's like 609 00:35:10,733 --> 00:35:12,033 a cat-and-mouse game, right? 610 00:35:12,066 --> 00:35:13,366 "Tell me about yourself." 611 00:35:13,400 --> 00:35:14,776 "Well, I'm only going to give you limited stuff." 612 00:35:14,800 --> 00:35:16,266 It's a cat-and-mouse game. 613 00:35:16,300 --> 00:35:19,100 No, you've got to be brutally transparent. 614 00:35:19,133 --> 00:35:20,366 You want that job? 615 00:35:20,400 --> 00:35:21,500 You've got nothing to lose. 616 00:35:21,533 --> 00:35:23,800 Be transparent, be honest. 617 00:35:23,833 --> 00:35:24,833 Right? 618 00:35:26,066 --> 00:35:27,666 What have you got to lose? 619 00:35:44,266 --> 00:35:47,300 We are in a transformation of our branches 620 00:35:47,333 --> 00:35:49,766 from the wonderful but passive 621 00:35:49,800 --> 00:35:52,167 repositories and spaces to education centers. 622 00:35:52,168 --> 00:35:54,533 Repositories and spaces to education centers. 623 00:35:54,566 --> 00:35:55,733 Right? 624 00:35:55,766 --> 00:35:57,076 That was my commitment to the board. 625 00:35:57,100 --> 00:35:59,633 The other commitment I made to the board is... 626 00:35:59,666 --> 00:36:01,166 And we will do this to the extent 627 00:36:01,200 --> 00:36:03,233 that we can find the resources to do it, 628 00:36:03,266 --> 00:36:05,733 we will not steal resources 629 00:36:05,766 --> 00:36:09,000 from elsewhere in the system to do this, 630 00:36:09,033 --> 00:36:11,300 I'm sticking to those commitments. 631 00:36:11,333 --> 00:36:16,200 The... what I, the way I read that, it says, 632 00:36:16,233 --> 00:36:20,333 we have to maximize how much money 633 00:36:20,366 --> 00:36:27,233 we can get or use from the city to do the middle band, 634 00:36:27,266 --> 00:36:30,700 so the... not just drop-in, but not as intensive... 635 00:36:30,733 --> 00:36:32,000 Right. Yeah. 636 00:36:32,033 --> 00:36:35,300 And the most intensive band, even if that means 637 00:36:35,333 --> 00:36:37,533 changing our model of delivery... 638 00:36:37,566 --> 00:36:38,933 Right. 639 00:36:38,966 --> 00:36:41,666 To fit RFP 640 00:36:41,700 --> 00:36:42,866 and the city's agenda. Yeah. 641 00:36:42,900 --> 00:36:44,033 Right? Yeah. 642 00:36:44,066 --> 00:36:47,566 If we want to do more than that, 643 00:36:47,600 --> 00:36:49,600 it will be dependent 644 00:36:49,633 --> 00:36:51,876 on finding the private resources to do more than that. Right. 645 00:36:51,900 --> 00:36:53,366 Right? In a sense, 646 00:36:53,400 --> 00:36:56,033 we should set our educational priorities, 647 00:36:56,066 --> 00:36:58,500 and then let our scale decisions 648 00:36:58,533 --> 00:37:01,033 be guided by the resources we can find. 649 00:37:01,066 --> 00:37:03,400 And the... With the first priority being 650 00:37:03,433 --> 00:37:07,700 redirecting and locking in city resources. 651 00:37:07,733 --> 00:37:10,366 So maybe another way to look at this is to say, 652 00:37:10,400 --> 00:37:13,233 we need to be sustainable in these two places. 653 00:37:13,266 --> 00:37:14,500 I'm just trying to say, 654 00:37:14,533 --> 00:37:16,300 where is sustainability key, right? 655 00:37:16,333 --> 00:37:19,066 Because we can't predict where the city money 656 00:37:19,100 --> 00:37:21,433 is necessarily going to go every year, right? 657 00:37:21,466 --> 00:37:23,233 That's very unpredictable. 658 00:37:23,266 --> 00:37:25,633 And so is the development resources. 659 00:37:25,666 --> 00:37:27,966 So we're financially unpredictable. 660 00:37:28,000 --> 00:37:29,333 Does that make sense? 661 00:37:29,366 --> 00:37:31,633 So if we want to make sure you're committed 662 00:37:31,666 --> 00:37:33,833 to some sort of sustainability, 663 00:37:33,866 --> 00:37:36,366 are we saying that that is in the early literacy, 664 00:37:36,400 --> 00:37:40,066 and this second band, right? 665 00:37:40,100 --> 00:37:42,500 And is this a wonderful thing to have, 666 00:37:42,533 --> 00:37:43,676 but when you can't afford it, 667 00:37:43,700 --> 00:37:45,933 that's what you get out of it. 668 00:37:45,966 --> 00:37:48,300 Except to the degree we can shift 669 00:37:48,333 --> 00:37:51,066 to the city's programming... Right. 670 00:37:51,100 --> 00:37:53,933 To meet this, because the mayor is committed 671 00:37:53,966 --> 00:37:56,400 to additional after school. Right. 672 00:37:56,433 --> 00:37:58,066 And if it means... that means 673 00:37:58,100 --> 00:37:59,533 we're doing five-day-a-week 674 00:37:59,566 --> 00:38:01,300 instead of two-and-a-half-day-a-week, 675 00:38:01,333 --> 00:38:03,833 less kids, the same facilities, 676 00:38:03,866 --> 00:38:06,766 that's a good outcome, as far as I'm concerned. 677 00:38:06,800 --> 00:38:09,566 The... so... 678 00:38:09,600 --> 00:38:12,966 yes, in general, I think that's right. 679 00:38:13,000 --> 00:38:15,266 But that doesn't mean we shouldn't try to continue 680 00:38:15,300 --> 00:38:16,900 to find private funds to do more, right? 681 00:38:16,933 --> 00:38:18,500 Right, yeah, of course. 682 00:38:18,533 --> 00:38:19,576 But I think it's really important 683 00:38:19,600 --> 00:38:24,333 that private fundraising is a reaction 684 00:38:24,366 --> 00:38:26,433 to our priorities and plans, 685 00:38:26,466 --> 00:38:29,000 rather than that we are given money 686 00:38:29,033 --> 00:38:31,066 that tells us how to do programming. 687 00:38:31,100 --> 00:38:32,433 So I think that's the first thing 688 00:38:32,466 --> 00:38:34,033 we all have to agree on... Right. 689 00:38:34,066 --> 00:38:37,100 Because I think in the past there has been some, like, 690 00:38:37,133 --> 00:38:39,666 somebody wants to do something and we're like, "Okay." 691 00:38:39,700 --> 00:38:41,400 You know? No, no, absolutely. 692 00:38:41,433 --> 00:38:43,466 And we are setting those priorities... 693 00:38:43,500 --> 00:38:45,166 Right here... with the banding. 694 00:38:45,200 --> 00:38:46,366 Right, okay. Yes. 695 00:38:46,400 --> 00:38:47,400 I understand that, right? 696 00:38:47,433 --> 00:38:49,233 The... 697 00:38:49,266 --> 00:38:52,509 - And I think we, if we can focus on what is, 698 00:38:52,533 --> 00:38:55,133 I mean, we have the capability to, A, 699 00:38:55,166 --> 00:38:57,433 find donors that are interested 700 00:38:57,466 --> 00:38:58,533 in the things we're doing, 701 00:38:58,566 --> 00:39:00,266 but also turn donors that think 702 00:39:00,300 --> 00:39:02,466 they want to start new programs and have ideas 703 00:39:02,500 --> 00:39:04,233 away from those ideas... Away. 704 00:39:04,266 --> 00:39:08,833 And into something that's a more sustainable, 705 00:39:08,866 --> 00:39:10,266 strategic program. Agreed. 706 00:39:10,300 --> 00:39:11,966 But one of the ways we said 707 00:39:12,000 --> 00:39:14,433 that was sustainable is invest in this, 708 00:39:14,466 --> 00:39:16,833 it will demonstrate to the city that they should invest now, 709 00:39:16,866 --> 00:39:19,366 and then money flips over, 710 00:39:19,400 --> 00:39:21,042 which is the process we're in the middle of... 711 00:39:21,066 --> 00:39:22,233 Right. Which also requires 712 00:39:22,266 --> 00:39:25,600 some, some tweaks of our policy choices, 713 00:39:25,633 --> 00:39:27,233 which is fine as long as we're still 714 00:39:27,266 --> 00:39:29,000 doing what we want to 715 00:39:29,033 --> 00:39:31,400 and believe the citizens need us to do. 716 00:39:31,433 --> 00:39:32,800 I mean, the way I think about this 717 00:39:32,833 --> 00:39:34,566 on a macro scale... Iris, tell me 718 00:39:34,600 --> 00:39:37,333 whether this is cockamamie or not, 719 00:39:37,366 --> 00:39:42,233 is, since 2008... cut, city cuts, 720 00:39:42,266 --> 00:39:46,166 learned massive efficiencies, you know, with thanks 721 00:39:46,200 --> 00:39:51,700 to Christopher and everyone in the branches. 722 00:39:51,733 --> 00:39:55,633 Now the money is moving towards restoration. 723 00:39:55,666 --> 00:40:00,866 Rather than use those resources to sort of simply go back 724 00:40:00,900 --> 00:40:02,766 to our previous practices, 725 00:40:02,800 --> 00:40:05,200 some of which we learned were more inefficient 726 00:40:05,233 --> 00:40:08,966 than they needed to be, to use that reinvestment 727 00:40:09,000 --> 00:40:10,500 for two purposes. 728 00:40:10,533 --> 00:40:12,600 One, additional time, 729 00:40:12,633 --> 00:40:15,833 that just takes staff, et cetera, of all kinds. 730 00:40:15,866 --> 00:40:18,900 And, two, additional educational programming. 731 00:40:18,933 --> 00:40:21,566 Is that... that's my general... 732 00:40:21,600 --> 00:40:24,800 And to the degree that private money 733 00:40:24,833 --> 00:40:29,800 helps to seed that and add to that on top, 734 00:40:29,833 --> 00:40:31,100 that's great. 735 00:40:31,133 --> 00:40:33,833 Remember, this is a public-private partnership. 736 00:40:33,866 --> 00:40:35,833 So we use private money 737 00:40:35,866 --> 00:40:39,433 to try to jumpstart public money. 738 00:40:39,466 --> 00:40:42,366 Now, let's use public money 739 00:40:42,400 --> 00:40:45,900 to try to up the ante for private money. 740 00:40:45,933 --> 00:40:48,100 That's how this builds, right? 741 00:44:06,400 --> 00:44:09,100 So, hi everybody, 742 00:44:09,133 --> 00:44:11,766 thanks for coming. 743 00:44:11,800 --> 00:44:13,176 This is my favorite day of the whole semester, 744 00:44:13,200 --> 00:44:15,300 coming to the picture collection. 745 00:44:15,333 --> 00:44:17,666 And I'm going to hand it over to Billy, 746 00:44:17,700 --> 00:44:19,766 who's going to explain 747 00:44:19,800 --> 00:44:23,300 how this particular section of the library works, 748 00:44:23,333 --> 00:44:28,700 and how we will be working here, finding our inspiration. 749 00:44:28,733 --> 00:44:29,700 Okay, so, welcome. 750 00:44:29,733 --> 00:44:33,733 This collection opened in 1915 751 00:44:33,766 --> 00:44:35,400 at the main library across the street, 752 00:44:35,433 --> 00:44:36,676 the Stephen A. Schwarzman Building, 753 00:44:36,700 --> 00:44:38,333 the one with the lions. 754 00:44:38,366 --> 00:44:39,942 If you think about what was happening in New York City 755 00:44:39,966 --> 00:44:42,066 at that time, 1915, 756 00:44:42,100 --> 00:44:44,233 so like right at the tail end 757 00:44:44,266 --> 00:44:48,300 of the immigration explosion, 758 00:44:48,333 --> 00:44:49,576 um, and if you think of how that affects 759 00:44:49,600 --> 00:44:51,366 absolutely everything, 760 00:44:51,400 --> 00:44:53,609 - from businesses to advertising, - from businesses to advertising, 761 00:44:53,633 --> 00:44:58,833 And artists having new jobs, or more jobs, 762 00:44:58,866 --> 00:45:00,242 so lots of artists at that time period, 763 00:45:00,266 --> 00:45:02,309 if you think of the environment they were working in, 764 00:45:02,333 --> 00:45:06,433 they had lots of things, new jobs, advertising. 765 00:45:06,466 --> 00:45:07,642 Instead of going across the street 766 00:45:07,666 --> 00:45:09,533 with very specific needs, you know, 767 00:45:09,566 --> 00:45:11,166 "I need a picture of this 768 00:45:11,200 --> 00:45:13,366 'cause I have an ad that's... the deadline's tomorrow." 769 00:45:13,400 --> 00:45:15,933 And we actually have examples of the things 770 00:45:15,966 --> 00:45:17,066 people were asking for. 771 00:45:17,100 --> 00:45:18,109 We kept journals at that time 772 00:45:18,133 --> 00:45:19,309 to see what they were asking for, 773 00:45:19,333 --> 00:45:20,733 in case we had it or not. 774 00:45:20,766 --> 00:45:22,742 And some of this stuff was really, really specific. 775 00:45:22,766 --> 00:45:24,666 Like, "I need a picture of dolls being carried 776 00:45:24,700 --> 00:45:28,333 into France by an Italian in the 18th century." 777 00:45:28,366 --> 00:45:29,500 Like, you know, I don't know 778 00:45:29,533 --> 00:45:31,100 what the person was working on. 779 00:45:31,133 --> 00:45:32,509 A lot of the times things are just simple. 780 00:45:32,533 --> 00:45:33,800 I need a picture of a giraffe, 781 00:45:33,833 --> 00:45:35,900 or a picture of somebody holding an umbrella. 782 00:45:35,933 --> 00:45:37,733 Sometimes it's really complicated. 783 00:45:37,766 --> 00:45:40,933 And that library has millions of pictures. 784 00:45:40,966 --> 00:45:42,200 They've got lots of stuff. 785 00:45:42,233 --> 00:45:44,566 The problem is, the way it's organized, 786 00:45:44,600 --> 00:45:46,833 it's by creator's name and title. 787 00:45:46,866 --> 00:45:48,566 So if it's a picture of a giraffe, 788 00:45:48,600 --> 00:45:50,766 but taken by a particular photographer, 789 00:45:50,800 --> 00:45:52,866 or you know, it's a printmaking, 790 00:45:52,900 --> 00:45:54,400 you know, an etching or something, 791 00:45:54,433 --> 00:45:55,473 that's how it's organized. 792 00:45:55,500 --> 00:45:56,876 So if you go in looking for something 793 00:45:56,900 --> 00:46:00,566 based on a subject, it's hard to find. 794 00:46:00,600 --> 00:46:01,809 So what they slowly started doing 795 00:46:01,833 --> 00:46:04,266 is collecting stuff by subject heading. 796 00:46:04,300 --> 00:46:05,676 So when somebody came in looking for pictures 797 00:46:05,700 --> 00:46:07,400 of fortune tellers, 798 00:46:07,433 --> 00:46:08,866 or pictures of people in raincoats, 799 00:46:08,900 --> 00:46:11,300 or pictures of people seen from behind, 800 00:46:11,333 --> 00:46:12,300 there would just be a folder, 801 00:46:12,333 --> 00:46:14,000 and those things would be in that folder. 802 00:46:14,033 --> 00:46:15,742 And a hundred years later, we're still here. 803 00:46:15,766 --> 00:46:18,100 So yeah, so the past hundred years, 804 00:46:18,133 --> 00:46:20,766 every single working artist in New York City 805 00:46:20,800 --> 00:46:22,233 probably used this collection. 806 00:46:22,266 --> 00:46:25,033 In the '30s, Diego Rivera, when he was doing murals, 807 00:46:25,066 --> 00:46:27,500 had a little incident at Rockefeller Center, 808 00:46:27,533 --> 00:46:30,866 some of you might know about. 809 00:46:30,900 --> 00:46:32,333 And later that year, he was doing 810 00:46:32,366 --> 00:46:36,533 labor union hall murals at the New Workers School. 811 00:46:36,566 --> 00:46:39,100 He sent people to this collection. 812 00:46:39,133 --> 00:46:43,000 Joseph Cornell lived in Queens on Utopia Parkway. 813 00:46:43,033 --> 00:46:44,633 He used this collection constantly, 814 00:46:44,666 --> 00:46:47,133 if you've ever seen his boxes in his collages. 815 00:46:47,166 --> 00:46:48,566 Most of the images in those boxes 816 00:46:48,600 --> 00:46:51,600 were, like, sourced from the picture collection. 817 00:46:51,633 --> 00:46:55,233 Andy Warhol stole lots of stuff from us. 818 00:46:55,266 --> 00:46:56,233 I'll stop a little bit, 819 00:46:56,266 --> 00:46:57,500 I'll let Jay jump in, 820 00:46:57,533 --> 00:46:59,666 and if you have a question, just ask. 821 00:46:59,700 --> 00:47:05,066 This is the world's largest circulating free picture file. 822 00:47:05,100 --> 00:47:07,800 And, as he was mentioning, 823 00:47:07,833 --> 00:47:10,233 this is a place that's meant to be used 824 00:47:10,266 --> 00:47:11,866 by people who make things 825 00:47:11,900 --> 00:47:14,500 and think of ideas and are artists. 826 00:47:14,533 --> 00:47:15,676 You don't need to wear gloves, 827 00:47:15,700 --> 00:47:17,109 you don't need to make an appointment, 828 00:47:17,133 --> 00:47:19,133 we don't keep things in plastic bags, 829 00:47:19,166 --> 00:47:21,633 like baseball cards or old comic books. 830 00:47:21,666 --> 00:47:25,400 You're encouraged to use what is here. 831 00:47:25,433 --> 00:47:28,000 So, as an example 832 00:47:28,033 --> 00:47:31,233 of what you see around you in all these files, 833 00:47:31,266 --> 00:47:36,766 this is a file called "Dogs in Action." 834 00:47:36,800 --> 00:47:38,266 We have lots of dog files. 835 00:47:38,300 --> 00:47:40,633 There's dogs by breed, there's just dogs in general. 836 00:47:40,666 --> 00:47:43,200 This is "Dogs in Action." 837 00:47:43,233 --> 00:47:45,666 Look at the range of pictures there are, 838 00:47:45,700 --> 00:47:48,200 and the different styles. 839 00:47:50,366 --> 00:47:54,126 - There's a person having fun with a large dog. 840 00:47:55,233 --> 00:47:57,700 A dog that fetched the newspaper. 841 00:48:00,066 --> 00:48:01,133 Digging. 842 00:48:04,600 --> 00:48:06,266 Leaping and wet. 843 00:48:08,000 --> 00:48:08,966 Somebody trying 844 00:48:09,000 --> 00:48:10,733 to pull a dog's jaws open, 845 00:48:10,766 --> 00:48:12,933 maybe to give it a pill or something like that. 846 00:48:14,133 --> 00:48:17,766 A pit bull chewing a ball to pieces 847 00:48:17,800 --> 00:48:19,300 until there isn't anything left of it. 848 00:48:21,200 --> 00:48:25,333 A dog jumping out of a bathtub, from an ad. 849 00:48:25,366 --> 00:48:27,400 A dog, again, flying through the air, 850 00:48:27,433 --> 00:48:29,733 all four feet off the ground. 851 00:48:29,766 --> 00:48:33,600 And, again, tug of war with a piece of clothing. 852 00:48:33,633 --> 00:48:38,100 So, besides this being a file of dogs doing stuff, 853 00:48:38,133 --> 00:48:41,700 you saw the different range of pictures there were. 854 00:48:41,733 --> 00:48:46,966 Photos, drawings, prints, all different sorts of stuff. 855 00:48:47,000 --> 00:48:49,233 Different moods, some looked threatening, 856 00:48:49,266 --> 00:48:52,066 some looked silly, some looked happy. 857 00:48:52,100 --> 00:48:54,900 That's how this can be useful for you, 858 00:48:54,933 --> 00:48:58,233 because you're into drama and the stage. 859 00:48:58,266 --> 00:49:02,166 And what we have here is mostly arranged by topic. 860 00:49:02,200 --> 00:49:03,900 As was mentioned before, 861 00:49:03,933 --> 00:49:07,066 we have pictures of atomic explosions, 862 00:49:07,100 --> 00:49:10,366 pictures of shoes, of pickles, of umbrellas, 863 00:49:10,400 --> 00:49:12,300 all different sorts of things. 864 00:49:12,333 --> 00:49:17,800 There are very few pictures that are by mood or type. 865 00:49:17,833 --> 00:49:19,300 What the librarians here do, 866 00:49:19,333 --> 00:49:20,766 what the person at the desk does, 867 00:49:20,800 --> 00:49:22,100 if you ask them a question, 868 00:49:22,133 --> 00:49:24,633 they say, "What comes to your mind 869 00:49:24,666 --> 00:49:26,733 when you think of this?" 870 00:49:26,766 --> 00:49:29,233 If you can tell the person at the desk 871 00:49:29,266 --> 00:49:31,500 what you're thinking of, 872 00:49:31,533 --> 00:49:32,700 we can tell you the places 873 00:49:32,733 --> 00:49:35,100 to look to composite that. 874 00:49:35,133 --> 00:49:37,433 It's very much about inspiration, 875 00:49:37,466 --> 00:49:39,666 and about how we translate that inspiration 876 00:49:39,700 --> 00:49:43,066 into pictures of specific things. 877 00:49:43,100 --> 00:49:46,766 So what you see around you, all these files, 878 00:49:46,800 --> 00:49:51,200 each file is one subject or one thing 879 00:49:51,233 --> 00:49:54,300 or one occurrence or one happening. 880 00:49:54,333 --> 00:49:56,400 It's basically split into two halves. 881 00:49:56,433 --> 00:50:01,233 This wall, famous people, A to Z by last name. 882 00:50:01,266 --> 00:50:02,766 Royalty in the corner. 883 00:50:02,800 --> 00:50:04,566 They have their own because they're exclusive 884 00:50:04,600 --> 00:50:07,066 and don't want to mingle with the common people. 885 00:50:07,100 --> 00:50:08,376 And then there's everything else, 886 00:50:08,400 --> 00:50:10,133 A to Z. 887 00:50:10,166 --> 00:50:11,133 All these things 888 00:50:11,166 --> 00:50:13,166 that we've described. 889 00:50:13,200 --> 00:50:14,533 And the things that we have here, 890 00:50:14,566 --> 00:50:17,433 the hundred years is important, too. 891 00:50:17,466 --> 00:50:19,533 Because it's not like we started a year ago 892 00:50:19,566 --> 00:50:21,866 and just looked for all these things 893 00:50:21,900 --> 00:50:23,733 and filled up the files. 894 00:50:23,766 --> 00:50:25,700 We have been clipping the pictures 895 00:50:25,733 --> 00:50:26,700 for a hundred years 896 00:50:26,733 --> 00:50:28,833 as these events were happening. 897 00:50:28,866 --> 00:50:31,000 So there's not only the interest 898 00:50:31,033 --> 00:50:32,300 of actually touching something 899 00:50:32,333 --> 00:50:34,966 that might be 70 years old, 900 00:50:35,000 --> 00:50:38,433 these are advertisements from that time period. 901 00:50:38,466 --> 00:50:41,033 So you get to see the typefaces they used, 902 00:50:41,066 --> 00:50:43,833 you get to see how they could reproduce color, 903 00:50:43,866 --> 00:50:46,733 how they portrayed women, minorities, 904 00:50:46,766 --> 00:50:47,966 things like that. 905 00:50:48,000 --> 00:50:51,566 You can see the look of different things 906 00:50:51,600 --> 00:50:54,242 - changing through history as people's attitudes 907 00:50:54,266 --> 00:50:56,966 And the technology of reproduction has changed. 908 00:50:57,000 --> 00:51:00,400 So, it really is like looking back in time. 909 00:51:00,433 --> 00:51:02,900 A lot of the '50s and '60s stuff here 910 00:51:02,933 --> 00:51:05,133 is from the '50s and '60s. 911 00:51:05,166 --> 00:51:07,166 There's stuff from the 1900s. 912 00:51:07,200 --> 00:51:10,000 I'm going to give you time to go around 913 00:51:10,033 --> 00:51:14,700 and look for the pictures for your specific scenes. 914 00:51:14,733 --> 00:51:17,466 And if you want to share the folder, that's fine, 915 00:51:17,500 --> 00:51:18,866 but have your own pictures. 916 00:51:18,900 --> 00:51:20,333 So, you have your own inspiration, 917 00:51:20,366 --> 00:51:22,033 your own research. 918 00:53:18,700 --> 00:53:22,333 My grandparents were all second-generation New York Jews. 919 00:53:22,366 --> 00:53:23,600 They were not immigrants, 920 00:53:23,633 --> 00:53:25,933 they were the children of immigrants. 921 00:53:25,966 --> 00:53:28,566 And I was very interested in the journey 922 00:53:28,600 --> 00:53:30,466 that they took, right? 923 00:53:30,500 --> 00:53:33,066 I mean, we talk a lot about the immigrant journey 924 00:53:33,100 --> 00:53:36,366 from Eastern Europe to the Lower East Side, right? 925 00:53:36,400 --> 00:53:38,366 But we don't think as much 926 00:53:38,400 --> 00:53:41,033 about what it was like for their children, 927 00:53:41,066 --> 00:53:45,900 who had the opportunity to become more American, 928 00:53:45,933 --> 00:53:47,109 and yet they were still very much 929 00:53:47,133 --> 00:53:49,400 tied to their parents and to the culture 930 00:53:49,433 --> 00:53:50,566 that they had grown up in 931 00:53:50,600 --> 00:53:52,276 - on the Lower East Side. - On the Lower East Side. 932 00:53:52,300 --> 00:53:53,976 And so my first book, I mean, my dissertation 933 00:53:54,000 --> 00:53:57,300 and then my first book, was about the depiction 934 00:53:57,333 --> 00:54:00,300 of second-generation New York Jewish life 935 00:54:00,333 --> 00:54:01,566 in vaudeville, 936 00:54:01,600 --> 00:54:04,666 and in silent film, and in Broadway theater, 937 00:54:04,700 --> 00:54:07,500 and in music, and comic strips, 938 00:54:07,533 --> 00:54:09,100 and comedy. 939 00:54:09,133 --> 00:54:11,466 And then I realized, after I finished writing that, 940 00:54:11,500 --> 00:54:14,600 there was a whole aspect to it that I hadn't explored, 941 00:54:14,633 --> 00:54:18,066 which was, where did all of these scenes 942 00:54:18,100 --> 00:54:22,200 in film and theater and comedy take place? 943 00:54:22,233 --> 00:54:25,366 Well, they almost all took place in delis. 944 00:54:27,233 --> 00:54:28,509 There was something about the deli 945 00:54:28,533 --> 00:54:31,766 as a location of New York Jewish life 946 00:54:31,800 --> 00:54:34,966 that had never really been analyzed. 947 00:54:35,000 --> 00:54:36,566 And then I said to myself, 948 00:54:36,600 --> 00:54:40,333 "Well, let me try to figure out, how many delis were there?" 949 00:54:40,366 --> 00:54:41,966 And where were they located? 950 00:54:42,000 --> 00:54:43,533 And what was their function 951 00:54:43,566 --> 00:54:47,600 in terms of the social and economic life 952 00:54:47,633 --> 00:54:49,566 of the Jews during that period? 953 00:54:49,600 --> 00:54:51,900 The delicatessen, and the food that was served 954 00:54:51,933 --> 00:54:54,266 in the delicatessen, become important 955 00:54:54,300 --> 00:54:57,033 not just for Jews, but for the identity 956 00:54:57,066 --> 00:54:59,133 of the city as a whole. 957 00:54:59,166 --> 00:55:01,466 I mean, we think about New York as the Big Apple. 958 00:55:01,500 --> 00:55:03,300 But I don't think most people, 959 00:55:03,333 --> 00:55:06,433 when they come to New York, start eating apples. 960 00:55:06,466 --> 00:55:08,566 It's not the first thing 961 00:55:08,600 --> 00:55:11,566 that you want to eat when you come to New York. 962 00:55:11,600 --> 00:55:14,833 Right? People want to eat a pastrami sandwich. 963 00:55:14,866 --> 00:55:17,000 And, you know what's interesting about both of those, 964 00:55:17,033 --> 00:55:19,366 and I write about this in the book, that, again, 965 00:55:19,400 --> 00:55:21,700 they're both symbols of carnality, right? 966 00:55:21,733 --> 00:55:23,666 They both have a sexual undertone to them. 967 00:55:23,700 --> 00:55:25,133 I mean, the apple, obviously, 968 00:55:25,166 --> 00:55:27,266 right, from the bible. 969 00:55:27,300 --> 00:55:29,233 And the overstuffed, 970 00:55:29,266 --> 00:55:33,200 or in Yiddish, ongeshtopt, pastrami sandwich. 971 00:55:33,233 --> 00:55:35,433 There is a kind of very crude 972 00:55:35,466 --> 00:55:36,966 sexual imagery. 973 00:55:37,000 --> 00:55:38,200 This was the time 974 00:55:38,233 --> 00:55:40,533 after the First World War that Jews are moving 975 00:55:40,566 --> 00:55:42,933 out of the Lower East Side, they're moving to the Bronx, 976 00:55:42,966 --> 00:55:43,976 they're moving to Brooklyn, 977 00:55:44,000 --> 00:55:45,700 all the places that we said before, right? 978 00:55:45,733 --> 00:55:46,742 They're moving uptown to Harlem, which was 979 00:55:46,766 --> 00:55:48,233 a very Jewish neighborhood 980 00:55:48,266 --> 00:55:50,733 in the years between the wars. 981 00:55:50,766 --> 00:55:54,800 And they are beginning somewhat to move more 982 00:55:54,833 --> 00:55:56,533 into the mainstream of American society. 983 00:55:56,566 --> 00:55:59,100 It's still a very, very anti-Semitic culture 984 00:55:59,133 --> 00:56:01,166 that they're living in, right? 985 00:56:01,200 --> 00:56:02,933 1920s is probably the most anti-Semitic 986 00:56:02,966 --> 00:56:05,033 decade in American history. 987 00:56:05,066 --> 00:56:06,800 You have the rise of the KKK, 988 00:56:06,833 --> 00:56:08,633 you have Henry Ford, you know, 989 00:56:08,666 --> 00:56:10,209 in the pages of the Dearborn Independent, 990 00:56:10,233 --> 00:56:11,842 who was constantly fulminating against Jews 991 00:56:11,866 --> 00:56:13,306 and saying that they're destroying... 992 00:56:13,333 --> 00:56:15,666 You know, he's a follower of Adolf Hitler. 993 00:56:15,700 --> 00:56:17,400 I mean, really bad anti-Semitism. 994 00:56:17,433 --> 00:56:18,733 There's a red scare, 995 00:56:18,766 --> 00:56:21,233 which is often associated with the Jews, right? 996 00:56:21,266 --> 00:56:24,300 But Jews are finding 997 00:56:24,333 --> 00:56:26,666 a niche, at least 998 00:56:26,700 --> 00:56:29,066 in the New York economy, partly through 999 00:56:29,100 --> 00:56:31,933 their involvement in the entertainment business, 1000 00:56:31,966 --> 00:56:33,609 because Jews are very, very heavily involved 1001 00:56:33,633 --> 00:56:35,433 in entertainment, right? 1002 00:56:35,466 --> 00:56:37,166 At a time when it's seen 1003 00:56:37,200 --> 00:56:39,533 to be quite disreputable to be making movies 1004 00:56:39,566 --> 00:56:40,809 and to be involved in the theater, 1005 00:56:40,833 --> 00:56:42,500 and so on and so forth. 1006 00:56:42,533 --> 00:56:44,566 And they also are moving very much 1007 00:56:44,600 --> 00:56:46,333 into food-related businesses. 1008 00:56:46,366 --> 00:56:48,200 And, of course, they're very involved 1009 00:56:48,233 --> 00:56:51,066 in the garment industry, right? 1010 00:56:51,100 --> 00:56:52,942 - And they have a sense of popular taste - And they have a sense of popular taste 1011 00:56:52,966 --> 00:56:55,533 And what people want and what people are... 1012 00:56:55,566 --> 00:56:56,533 Are looking for. 1013 00:56:56,566 --> 00:56:58,000 So, World War II... 1014 00:56:58,033 --> 00:57:01,166 "Send a salami to your boy in the army." 1015 00:57:01,200 --> 00:57:02,776 "Send a salami." Why are you sending a salami? 1016 00:57:02,800 --> 00:57:04,266 This gets back to this whole theme 1017 00:57:04,300 --> 00:57:05,576 that I've been talking about, right, 1018 00:57:05,600 --> 00:57:06,666 of sexuality. 1019 00:57:06,700 --> 00:57:07,809 Why are you sending a salami? 1020 00:57:07,833 --> 00:57:09,066 There's a reason, right? 1021 00:57:09,100 --> 00:57:11,000 I mean, it's this sort of phallic symbol. 1022 00:57:11,033 --> 00:57:14,100 And so, if the whole point is that you're sending a salami 1023 00:57:14,133 --> 00:57:16,533 to give your son a dose of virility 1024 00:57:16,566 --> 00:57:18,333 so that he can defeat the enemy 1025 00:57:18,366 --> 00:57:21,500 and return safely to the bosom of his family, right? 1026 00:57:21,533 --> 00:57:23,076 I mean, that's the whole point of it, right? 1027 00:57:23,100 --> 00:57:25,100 I mean, subconsciously, right? 1028 00:57:25,133 --> 00:57:26,900 There's a lot of subconscious symbolism 1029 00:57:26,933 --> 00:57:29,233 that I'm trying to suggest is going on here. 1030 00:57:29,266 --> 00:57:31,000 What's happening after World War II is 1031 00:57:31,033 --> 00:57:32,466 Jews are moving out of the city, 1032 00:57:32,500 --> 00:57:35,166 they're moving to the suburbs, right? 1033 00:57:35,200 --> 00:57:37,333 And they're no longer congregating in delis 1034 00:57:37,366 --> 00:57:38,333 to the extent that they used to, 1035 00:57:38,366 --> 00:57:40,366 because they're not living 1036 00:57:40,400 --> 00:57:41,609 in close proximity to one another 1037 00:57:41,633 --> 00:57:44,333 and to the neighborhood deli anymore, right? 1038 00:57:44,366 --> 00:57:46,133 So you have shopping centers, 1039 00:57:46,166 --> 00:57:49,233 but how many delis do you need in a shopping center, right? 1040 00:57:49,266 --> 00:57:51,800 Jews are much more part of, or want to be much more 1041 00:57:51,833 --> 00:57:54,133 a part of the fabric of American society. 1042 00:57:54,166 --> 00:57:56,466 So the food doesn't go away, 1043 00:57:56,500 --> 00:57:57,776 but where is the food being sold now 1044 00:57:57,800 --> 00:57:59,666 if it's not being sold in delis? 1045 00:57:59,700 --> 00:58:02,366 Supermarkets, right? 1046 00:58:05,533 --> 00:58:07,066 For that old-fashioned flavor 1047 00:58:07,100 --> 00:58:08,800 That all the folks favor 1048 00:58:08,833 --> 00:58:11,500 Try Hebrew National Meats 1049 00:58:11,533 --> 00:58:15,033 They're a treat, to be sure, 'cause the beef is so pure 1050 00:58:15,066 --> 00:58:18,000 In Hebrew National Meats 1051 00:58:18,033 --> 00:58:20,800 You'll find corn beef, and roast beef, salami 1052 00:58:20,833 --> 00:58:24,700 Pastrami, and wonderful frankfurters, too 1053 00:58:24,733 --> 00:58:26,633 They are surely delicious 1054 00:58:26,666 --> 00:58:29,900 And purely nutritious, those Hebrew National... 1055 00:58:29,933 --> 00:58:31,466 Hebrew National... 1056 00:58:44,233 --> 00:58:45,566 My mother sold records 1057 00:58:45,600 --> 00:58:48,866 while my father tried to make his way in jazz. 1058 00:58:48,900 --> 00:58:51,500 He had a certain charm, and he could sing, 1059 00:58:51,533 --> 00:58:54,566 and therefore he got a job with a number of dance bands. 1060 00:58:54,600 --> 00:58:55,966 And the year after I was born, 1061 00:58:56,000 --> 00:58:57,600 he got a job with the Joe Loss Orchestra, 1062 00:58:57,633 --> 00:58:58,866 which was probably 1063 00:58:58,900 --> 00:59:01,833 the most successful dance band of its day. 1064 00:59:01,866 --> 00:59:03,500 Can we hear him singing? 1065 00:59:03,533 --> 00:59:04,700 We can hear him singing... 1066 00:59:04,733 --> 00:59:06,966 With that, that one moment. 1067 00:59:07,000 --> 00:59:08,076 Do you want... Do you want to see, 1068 00:59:08,100 --> 00:59:09,800 so those of you that watch the television 1069 00:59:09,833 --> 00:59:11,133 may have seen him singing... 1070 00:59:11,166 --> 00:59:13,009 Yeah, but it's all right, they can watch it again. 1071 00:59:13,033 --> 00:59:16,133 It's so, it's so... it's so extraordinary. 1072 00:59:16,166 --> 00:59:17,866 Well, there's a little story behind this 1073 00:59:17,900 --> 00:59:21,233 particular little clip we're going to see. 1074 00:59:21,266 --> 00:59:26,100 You've got to understand, the bands of the 1950s 1075 00:59:26,133 --> 00:59:28,666 were well-suited to play the music of the day. 1076 00:59:28,700 --> 00:59:30,966 It was Frankie Laine and Johnnie Ray. 1077 00:59:31,000 --> 00:59:34,266 When beat music and rock 'n' roll came in, 1078 00:59:34,300 --> 00:59:35,833 they weren't so suited to it, 1079 00:59:35,866 --> 00:59:37,366 so they had to find work 1080 00:59:37,400 --> 00:59:40,200 for the saxophone players and the trombone players. 1081 00:59:40,233 --> 00:59:42,833 While the singers could be quite adaptable, 1082 00:59:42,866 --> 00:59:45,000 they were having to cover records 1083 00:59:45,033 --> 00:59:47,466 out of the charts that were not necessarily 1084 00:59:47,500 --> 00:59:49,300 that suitable for this lineup. 1085 00:59:49,333 --> 00:59:51,633 And then I suppose this happened. 1086 00:59:55,233 --> 00:59:57,400 ROSS McMANUS: Whoa 1087 00:59:57,433 --> 00:59:58,833 Oh, oh, oh, oh, oh, oh 1088 01:00:02,500 --> 01:00:07,166 Whoa, whoa, whoa, whoa 1089 01:00:07,200 --> 01:00:08,900 Whoa 1090 01:00:08,933 --> 01:00:10,166 If I had a hammer 1091 01:00:10,200 --> 01:00:11,433 If I had a hammer 1092 01:00:11,466 --> 01:00:12,576 McMANUS: I'd hammer in the morning 1093 01:00:12,600 --> 01:00:13,800 Hammer in the morning 1094 01:00:13,833 --> 01:00:15,033 I'd hammer in the evening 1095 01:00:15,066 --> 01:00:16,200 Hammer in the evening 1096 01:00:16,233 --> 01:00:17,266 All over this land 1097 01:00:17,300 --> 01:00:18,866 All over this land 1098 01:00:18,900 --> 01:00:21,300 I sing about danger 1099 01:00:21,333 --> 01:00:23,866 I sing a warning here 1100 01:00:23,900 --> 01:00:27,166 I sing about the love between my brothers and my sisters 1101 01:00:27,200 --> 01:00:29,800 All over, all over this land 1102 01:00:29,833 --> 01:00:32,300 Whoa, whoa, whoa, whoa 1103 01:00:32,333 --> 01:00:38,766 Whoa, whoa, whoa, whoa 1104 01:00:38,800 --> 01:00:39,900 I've got a hammer 1105 01:00:39,933 --> 01:00:41,500 I've got a hammer 1106 01:00:41,533 --> 01:00:43,700 And I've got a bell I've got a bell 1107 01:00:43,733 --> 01:00:47,433 And I've got a song to sing all over this land 1108 01:00:47,466 --> 01:00:48,633 All over this land 1109 01:00:48,666 --> 01:00:51,133 It's the hammer of justice 1110 01:00:51,166 --> 01:00:53,800 It's the hammer of freedom 1111 01:00:53,833 --> 01:00:55,566 And to talk about the love between 1112 01:00:55,600 --> 01:01:00,000 My brothers and my sisters all over, all over this land 1113 01:01:00,033 --> 01:01:02,166 Yeah, yeah, yeah 1114 01:01:02,200 --> 01:01:03,833 Yeah, yeah, yeah! 1115 01:01:03,866 --> 01:01:06,033 All over this land 1116 01:01:06,066 --> 01:01:07,866 Ooh, all over this land 1117 01:01:07,900 --> 01:01:09,100 Ooh, all over this land... 1118 01:01:09,133 --> 01:01:11,133 Certainly there is a... 1119 01:01:11,166 --> 01:01:13,600 there is a slight family resemblance. 1120 01:01:15,900 --> 01:01:17,900 Only around the eyes, not around the feet. 1121 01:01:17,933 --> 01:01:20,466 Er... 1122 01:01:20,500 --> 01:01:23,033 I want to read something that is actually quite smart. 1123 01:01:23,066 --> 01:01:27,466 I think Greil Marcus, beautifully in an interview, 1124 01:01:27,500 --> 01:01:31,733 characterizes this moment of revenge and guilt. 1125 01:01:31,766 --> 01:01:33,833 He says, "Elvis Costello was someone 1126 01:01:33,866 --> 01:01:36,033 "who you'd better not cross. 1127 01:01:36,066 --> 01:01:38,000 "He was someone who was, 1128 01:01:38,033 --> 01:01:40,766 "as he said in his first interview... 1129 01:01:40,800 --> 01:01:44,633 "and I really do believe this is the key to his career... 1130 01:01:44,666 --> 01:01:47,833 "he said the only emotions he understood 1131 01:01:47,866 --> 01:01:49,833 "were revenge and guilt. 1132 01:01:49,866 --> 01:01:54,533 "Whether or not he's recording with the Brodsky Quartet, 1133 01:01:54,566 --> 01:01:56,600 "as he did on The Juliet Letters, 1134 01:01:56,633 --> 01:01:58,733 "or whether he's simply standing up 1135 01:01:58,766 --> 01:02:00,900 "and singing 'Tramp the Dirt Down, ' 1136 01:02:00,933 --> 01:02:03,200 "which is a song about 1137 01:02:03,233 --> 01:02:06,666 "how he wants to dance on Thatcher's grave, 1138 01:02:06,700 --> 01:02:12,100 "I think he has always looked for the most effective way 1139 01:02:12,133 --> 01:02:15,600 to make trouble." 1140 01:02:16,733 --> 01:02:18,466 Do you think that's true? 1141 01:02:21,500 --> 01:02:23,900 Which part of it? 1142 01:02:25,666 --> 01:02:27,400 Any part of it. 1143 01:02:27,433 --> 01:02:30,400 Yeah, I think he gives me way too much credit. 1144 01:02:30,433 --> 01:02:32,833 Um, of course, it's... 1145 01:02:32,866 --> 01:02:37,433 Professor Marcus, you know, 1146 01:02:37,466 --> 01:02:43,000 it's his job to create a thesis like that. 1147 01:02:43,033 --> 01:02:44,333 That's what he does. 1148 01:02:44,366 --> 01:02:47,700 He writes very, very long and intricate books 1149 01:02:47,733 --> 01:02:49,533 explaining the connections 1150 01:02:49,566 --> 01:02:52,842 - between various political and cultural movements, 1151 01:02:52,866 --> 01:02:58,633 And the vividness of that, to him, I won't deny, 1152 01:02:58,666 --> 01:03:03,666 except that he's covering a period 1153 01:03:03,700 --> 01:03:08,866 of about nearly 30 years, 25 years. 1154 01:03:08,900 --> 01:03:13,066 And there was any number of people in my, to myself... 1155 01:03:13,100 --> 01:03:15,400 I know it's very convenient 1156 01:03:15,433 --> 01:03:18,100 to put these labels like punk or new wave 1157 01:03:18,133 --> 01:03:21,100 or angry or, you know, political. 1158 01:03:21,133 --> 01:03:24,166 But each song has a different occasion for me, 1159 01:03:24,200 --> 01:03:25,466 and there are different means, 1160 01:03:25,500 --> 01:03:27,033 and there are different motives. 1161 01:03:27,066 --> 01:03:28,433 And there are, I hope, 1162 01:03:28,466 --> 01:03:30,633 different results if you listen to them. 1163 01:03:30,666 --> 01:03:31,933 And on different days, 1164 01:03:31,966 --> 01:03:33,609 you can sing them with different inflections. 1165 01:03:33,633 --> 01:03:38,400 I have sung words that are heard in "Tramp the Dirt Down." 1166 01:03:38,433 --> 01:03:42,900 I sang it on the night the miner strike collapsed 1167 01:03:42,933 --> 01:03:45,433 in, in, in sketch form, 1168 01:03:45,466 --> 01:03:46,933 and at that time, I would agree 1169 01:03:46,966 --> 01:03:50,433 it was probably pretty aggressive. 1170 01:03:50,466 --> 01:03:53,033 And then the tune that I ended up using 1171 01:03:53,066 --> 01:03:55,566 alludes to "Isn't She Lovely." 1172 01:03:55,600 --> 01:03:57,233 It alludes to "Isn't She Lovely," 1173 01:03:57,266 --> 01:03:59,533 Stevie Wonder's melody. 1174 01:03:59,566 --> 01:04:01,433 That was a joke. 1175 01:04:01,466 --> 01:04:04,233 But there's a joke carrying a song 1176 01:04:04,266 --> 01:04:07,566 with all these brutal and disappointed images 1177 01:04:07,600 --> 01:04:11,033 of what that particular time let loose in people. 1178 01:04:11,066 --> 01:04:14,666 The desire to step on your fellow countryman 1179 01:04:14,700 --> 01:04:17,300 to get ahead. 1180 01:04:17,333 --> 01:04:19,666 And I still feel that way. 1181 01:04:19,700 --> 01:04:22,033 So I get... I sang the song up until a few years ago, 1182 01:04:22,066 --> 01:04:24,366 and people said, "You can't sing it now, she's dead." 1183 01:04:24,400 --> 01:04:26,209 I think, we especially have to sing it now that she's dead. 1184 01:04:26,233 --> 01:04:27,666 Now is... 1185 01:04:27,700 --> 01:04:31,033 Not because, not because, no, no, she's a human being. 1186 01:04:31,066 --> 01:04:34,266 She actually died, you know, in dementia, 1187 01:04:34,300 --> 01:04:37,000 which I literally wouldn't wish on my worst enemy. 1188 01:04:37,033 --> 01:04:39,533 But what she let loose in the country, 1189 01:04:39,566 --> 01:04:41,633 I cannot forgive. 1190 01:04:41,666 --> 01:04:42,900 So that's my opinion. 1191 01:04:42,933 --> 01:04:46,300 And in a democracy, I get to say what I feel, 1192 01:04:46,333 --> 01:04:48,266 and I get to sing it as well, 1193 01:04:48,300 --> 01:04:50,000 just as politicians get to say it 1194 01:04:50,033 --> 01:04:53,166 over and over again and get paid to do so. 1195 01:05:21,933 --> 01:05:24,433 If we want as a society to take advantage 1196 01:05:24,466 --> 01:05:27,000 of all of these great technological opportunities, 1197 01:05:27,033 --> 01:05:30,600 we have an obligation to, um, help those folks 1198 01:05:30,633 --> 01:05:33,166 who are being put in a worse position 1199 01:05:33,200 --> 01:05:35,866 by modern technological change. 1200 01:05:35,900 --> 01:05:37,533 I think the city understands that, 1201 01:05:37,566 --> 01:05:40,066 and they're doing a plethora of activities. 1202 01:05:40,100 --> 01:05:44,233 It isn't unified and it isn't working towards a coherent goal. 1203 01:05:44,266 --> 01:05:48,766 Other cities have, um, created... 1204 01:05:48,800 --> 01:05:52,309 - so this is the indicators from Seattle, um, 1205 01:05:52,333 --> 01:05:55,666 Created sort of positive visions 1206 01:05:55,700 --> 01:05:57,000 of what, uh... 1207 01:05:57,033 --> 01:06:01,066 what an inclusive city could look like. 1208 01:06:01,100 --> 01:06:03,266 If you read those documents, it becomes very clear 1209 01:06:03,300 --> 01:06:05,833 that the library is actually 1210 01:06:05,866 --> 01:06:08,133 maybe the most crucial institution, 1211 01:06:08,166 --> 01:06:10,933 because we're a community hub 1212 01:06:10,966 --> 01:06:12,833 for people who don't have home access. 1213 01:06:12,866 --> 01:06:14,133 We're a place where people 1214 01:06:14,166 --> 01:06:16,066 get exposure who don't otherwise understand it. 1215 01:06:16,100 --> 01:06:18,433 We're a place where people can learn skills, 1216 01:06:18,466 --> 01:06:20,400 where kids can do homework after schools. 1217 01:06:20,433 --> 01:06:21,633 I think there's an opportunity 1218 01:06:21,666 --> 01:06:25,366 to bring together the sort of full scope of people 1219 01:06:25,400 --> 01:06:28,766 involved in making sure the wires are in the ground, 1220 01:06:28,800 --> 01:06:31,966 there's affordable internet, there's community hubs, 1221 01:06:32,000 --> 01:06:33,566 there's digital skills, 1222 01:06:33,600 --> 01:06:38,533 to develop a series of indicators on and goals for 1223 01:06:38,566 --> 01:06:40,300 what an inclusive New York City would be, 1224 01:06:40,333 --> 01:06:42,433 and that we could... 1225 01:06:42,466 --> 01:06:45,100 that could be helmed by the mayor's office, 1226 01:06:45,133 --> 01:06:47,800 but that we could provide the convening space 1227 01:06:47,833 --> 01:06:51,266 and help them unite a bunch of their activities. 1228 01:06:51,300 --> 01:06:54,733 That would rationalize a bunch of the projects they're doing, 1229 01:06:54,766 --> 01:06:57,866 it would give us a way of continuing to shine the light 1230 01:06:57,900 --> 01:06:59,500 on those who are being left behind, 1231 01:06:59,533 --> 01:07:02,100 and, um, and also, you know, 1232 01:07:02,133 --> 01:07:05,800 highlight the central role the library's playing in this space. 1233 01:07:05,833 --> 01:07:09,466 Uh, again, it's a thing that other cities have done 1234 01:07:09,500 --> 01:07:12,733 and that New York is actually just kind of behind on. 1235 01:07:12,766 --> 01:07:14,666 And actually people come to us all the time, 1236 01:07:14,700 --> 01:07:15,866 so people talk about us 1237 01:07:15,900 --> 01:07:17,900 as an anchor institution in the community 1238 01:07:17,933 --> 01:07:20,966 for digital inclusion, not just digital access, 1239 01:07:21,000 --> 01:07:23,566 but access being, like, the lowest common denominator. 1240 01:07:23,600 --> 01:07:25,566 It's actually what do people do with it. 1241 01:07:25,600 --> 01:07:27,933 Not everybody goes to a WeWork, but they could go 1242 01:07:27,966 --> 01:07:30,466 to their neighborhood digital incubation center. 1243 01:07:30,500 --> 01:07:31,633 They could go... 1244 01:07:31,666 --> 01:07:33,009 and, you know, people talk about it, 1245 01:07:33,033 --> 01:07:34,800 not only, certainly for the people 1246 01:07:34,833 --> 01:07:38,700 who don't have computer access, but also for everybody. 1247 01:07:38,733 --> 01:07:40,309 The fact of the matter is that, you know, 1248 01:07:40,333 --> 01:07:41,833 technology is moving at a pace 1249 01:07:41,866 --> 01:07:44,400 that we're all going to have to keep up with, 1250 01:07:44,433 --> 01:07:46,933 and it's about how we think about it. 1251 01:07:46,966 --> 01:07:49,300 And so exposure to all those kinds of tools 1252 01:07:49,333 --> 01:07:51,333 but also to a community of experts. 1253 01:07:51,366 --> 01:07:52,766 So it doesn't always have to be us. 1254 01:07:52,800 --> 01:07:55,200 It could be bringing in a lot of others. 1255 01:07:55,233 --> 01:07:57,133 And so the conversations I've had, 1256 01:07:57,166 --> 01:08:00,200 many, many conversations that Luke clearly has had, 1257 01:08:00,233 --> 01:08:03,133 sort of indicate that this is a great opportunity for us. 1258 01:08:03,166 --> 01:08:05,966 What if we convened everybody in this space 1259 01:08:06,000 --> 01:08:07,966 at a giant conference at SASBY 1260 01:08:08,000 --> 01:08:13,933 to articulate what along all, you know, what do we want 1261 01:08:13,966 --> 01:08:16,366 in terms of people having fiber to their buildings, 1262 01:08:16,400 --> 01:08:18,566 in terms of community spaces where they can go online, 1263 01:08:18,600 --> 01:08:20,466 in terms of digital skills. 1264 01:08:20,500 --> 01:08:24,800 We could, you could then commission CUFF 1265 01:08:24,833 --> 01:08:27,500 or somebody could commission CUFF to do a research, 1266 01:08:27,533 --> 01:08:30,300 a basically baseline data on where we are as a city 1267 01:08:30,333 --> 01:08:32,500 that would highlight the gaping holes 1268 01:08:32,533 --> 01:08:34,333 and where New York is behind the times. 1269 01:08:34,366 --> 01:08:35,800 We could then, six months later, 1270 01:08:35,833 --> 01:08:40,533 convene another big meeting here at the, um, at SASBY 1271 01:08:40,566 --> 01:08:44,100 to identify low-hanging fruit and develop strategies 1272 01:08:44,133 --> 01:08:46,833 of which we will certainly be key players, 1273 01:08:46,866 --> 01:08:49,400 because of our, um, of our assets. 1274 01:08:49,433 --> 01:08:52,609 - The, that might give the mayor something to... 1275 01:08:52,633 --> 01:08:55,133 A way of talking about his, all of his projects. 1276 01:08:55,166 --> 01:08:59,733 It would certainly develop us as a central player. 1277 01:08:59,766 --> 01:09:01,200 There's like three different 1278 01:09:01,233 --> 01:09:04,466 pieces of narrative that we use that this stitches together. 1279 01:09:04,500 --> 01:09:07,833 One is the most arresting figure that Tony uses 1280 01:09:07,866 --> 01:09:09,542 is, you know, one in three New Yorkers don't have access 1281 01:09:09,566 --> 01:09:10,733 to broadband at home. 1282 01:09:10,766 --> 01:09:13,666 Like, that gets any audience's attention. 1283 01:09:13,700 --> 01:09:15,900 The second historic one that we always love 1284 01:09:15,933 --> 01:09:17,666 is, is the Carnegie point, 1285 01:09:17,700 --> 01:09:20,066 is that Carnegie sought to create a library 1286 01:09:20,100 --> 01:09:21,476 within walking distance of every New Yorker. 1287 01:09:21,500 --> 01:09:24,100 So this is a way to kind of embrace that heritage 1288 01:09:24,133 --> 01:09:25,600 and say... and I love the way, 1289 01:09:25,633 --> 01:09:27,666 just from a two-second look at what Seattle did, 1290 01:09:27,700 --> 01:09:31,366 is to say, "Okay, neighborhood density, 1291 01:09:31,400 --> 01:09:33,800 how many public access spots are there?" 1292 01:09:33,833 --> 01:09:37,500 It's a way to kind of renew the Carnegie idea 1293 01:09:37,533 --> 01:09:38,966 in a digital fashion. 1294 01:09:39,000 --> 01:09:41,233 And I think the challenge 1295 01:09:41,266 --> 01:09:44,400 would be how do we, we want to position ourselves 1296 01:09:44,433 --> 01:09:50,733 as helpful advocates yet... for the city, um, 1297 01:09:50,766 --> 01:09:52,966 you know, but a little distance from it. 1298 01:09:53,000 --> 01:09:55,233 This isn't a... it would be a partnership, 1299 01:09:55,266 --> 01:09:56,766 but... and it's not, 1300 01:09:56,800 --> 01:09:58,640 this wouldn't be the first time the city wanted 1301 01:09:58,666 --> 01:10:01,400 to plant a million trees, 1302 01:10:01,433 --> 01:10:03,600 and they did a tree census before that. 1303 01:10:03,633 --> 01:10:08,166 And now, you know, last week they planted the millionth tree. 1304 01:10:08,200 --> 01:10:10,600 For the library, with CUFF or whatnot, 1305 01:10:10,633 --> 01:10:12,076 I think it's a super-brilliant idea to say, 1306 01:10:12,100 --> 01:10:13,300 "Here's what the digital... 1307 01:10:13,333 --> 01:10:15,766 "is one in three a real accurate number? 1308 01:10:15,800 --> 01:10:18,066 "How does that go up and down every year? 1309 01:10:18,100 --> 01:10:22,233 Here is what it looks like neighborhood, region by region." 1310 01:10:22,266 --> 01:10:26,933 You know, so, I do think this is the logical next step 1311 01:10:26,966 --> 01:10:30,666 and our bona fides are there based on everything, 1312 01:10:30,700 --> 01:10:33,866 but also on the 10,000 lends that we will have completed. 1313 01:10:33,900 --> 01:10:35,533 I just want us to make sure 1314 01:10:35,566 --> 01:10:37,833 that we don't lose sight of what digital inclusion is, 1315 01:10:37,866 --> 01:10:39,833 that it isn't just about broadband. 1316 01:10:39,866 --> 01:10:42,366 And I don't mean to make that something minor. 1317 01:10:42,400 --> 01:10:43,966 It's not, it's huge. 1318 01:10:44,000 --> 01:10:47,500 But that is honestly simply just not enough... 1319 01:10:47,533 --> 01:10:49,500 Mm-hmm. And I don't want this to... 1320 01:10:49,533 --> 01:10:52,433 a lot of people are doing the broadband wagon, sorry. 1321 01:10:52,466 --> 01:10:55,866 So it's what's, what more, like what kind of society... 1322 01:10:55,900 --> 01:10:57,700 so I just want us to be... 1323 01:10:57,733 --> 01:10:59,076 There's the quantitative story and there's a qualitative story. 1324 01:10:59,100 --> 01:11:00,300 Well, there's a skill, 1325 01:11:00,333 --> 01:11:02,233 there's a "How do you function in society?" 1326 01:11:02,266 --> 01:11:04,300 I just want us to be aware of that, yeah. 1327 01:11:04,333 --> 01:11:05,600 Okay, we're coming to that. 1328 01:11:05,633 --> 01:11:07,533 And then it's changing, right, 1329 01:11:07,566 --> 01:11:09,500 so the free computer you get somebody in 2015 1330 01:11:09,533 --> 01:11:11,833 isn't going to be relevant in 2020. 1331 01:11:11,866 --> 01:11:13,666 The bandwidth we secure for them now 1332 01:11:13,700 --> 01:11:15,933 will be outdated as the internet changes. 1333 01:11:15,966 --> 01:11:17,633 And the skills that you learn today 1334 01:11:17,666 --> 01:11:22,066 won't, um, uh, be sufficient in a couple of years, 1335 01:11:22,100 --> 01:11:26,633 which is why the role of a library will, 1336 01:11:26,666 --> 01:11:28,366 if we want to be in the space, 1337 01:11:28,400 --> 01:11:31,266 will be continually important, 1338 01:11:31,300 --> 01:11:33,533 because there will be a different set of people 1339 01:11:33,566 --> 01:11:34,933 continually left behind. 1340 01:11:34,966 --> 01:11:36,666 So it's not that broadband isn't crucial 1341 01:11:36,700 --> 01:11:38,433 or this wasn't a good attempt. 1342 01:11:38,466 --> 01:11:39,766 It's just that it's a... 1343 01:11:39,800 --> 01:11:41,266 if we can widen the focus 1344 01:11:41,300 --> 01:11:44,433 and set the end goal on engaged internet users, 1345 01:11:44,466 --> 01:11:46,200 we'll see there's a lot of different ways 1346 01:11:46,233 --> 01:11:47,633 that we can make a difference 1347 01:11:47,666 --> 01:11:49,900 and are already making a difference as a system. 1348 01:11:49,933 --> 01:11:52,242 Look, this project succeeded because it got us to this point. 1349 01:11:52,266 --> 01:11:53,233 It was awesome, right? 1350 01:11:53,266 --> 01:11:54,233 Agreed, agreed. 1351 01:11:54,266 --> 01:11:55,766 Yes. 1352 01:11:58,300 --> 01:11:59,266 Hi, everyone. 1353 01:11:59,300 --> 01:12:00,733 Welcome to Books at Noon. 1354 01:12:00,766 --> 01:12:03,433 Today I'm pleased to introduce Yusef Komunyakaa. 1355 01:12:03,466 --> 01:12:06,000 I wanted to ask you 1356 01:12:06,033 --> 01:12:08,500 if you see yourself as a political poet? 1357 01:12:08,533 --> 01:12:11,800 Do I see myself as a political poet? 1358 01:12:11,833 --> 01:12:12,876 - Um... - I mean you use, I mean, 1359 01:12:12,900 --> 01:12:14,233 there have been, you know, 1360 01:12:14,266 --> 01:12:16,600 you used your experience in Vietnam 1361 01:12:16,633 --> 01:12:18,233 to talk about, you know, 1362 01:12:18,266 --> 01:12:22,300 and you've used issues of race in poetry, 1363 01:12:22,333 --> 01:12:24,200 so I'm wondering if you, 1364 01:12:24,233 --> 01:12:27,366 as far as sort of the spectrum of poetry, 1365 01:12:27,400 --> 01:12:30,800 if you see yourself as a political poet? 1366 01:12:30,833 --> 01:12:34,433 Well, I think language is political, 1367 01:12:34,466 --> 01:12:40,633 and that, that's what I use as a tool. 1368 01:12:40,666 --> 01:12:43,833 I think it was, um, Richard Wright who said 1369 01:12:43,866 --> 01:12:48,733 that he wanted to write sentences, 1370 01:12:48,766 --> 01:12:53,900 language that functioned as a club. 1371 01:12:53,933 --> 01:12:55,800 I don't necessarily believe that. 1372 01:12:55,833 --> 01:12:58,633 For me, I don't think the surface, 1373 01:12:58,666 --> 01:13:00,733 the surface of the poem, 1374 01:13:00,766 --> 01:13:04,300 the politics are not on the surface of the poem, 1375 01:13:04,333 --> 01:13:07,033 but I think since I use language, 1376 01:13:07,066 --> 01:13:08,633 the politics are underneath, 1377 01:13:08,666 --> 01:13:13,500 woven into the emotional architecture 1378 01:13:13,533 --> 01:13:14,966 of the poem. 1379 01:13:15,000 --> 01:13:19,800 Has that always been part of your style, 1380 01:13:19,833 --> 01:13:21,633 to weave in what's going on? 1381 01:13:21,666 --> 01:13:23,566 I mean, it's part of your language, 1382 01:13:23,600 --> 01:13:24,876 it's part of who you are as a poet. 1383 01:13:24,900 --> 01:13:27,000 I go back to Baldwin, 1384 01:13:27,033 --> 01:13:29,000 and James Baldwin said that 1385 01:13:29,033 --> 01:13:30,609 we have to know what's happening around us 1386 01:13:30,633 --> 01:13:32,466 in order to know what's happening to us 1387 01:13:32,500 --> 01:13:36,033 because we're a part of everything around us. 1388 01:13:36,066 --> 01:13:43,366 And I think perhaps the poet 1389 01:13:43,400 --> 01:13:46,500 is cursed to be a keen observer. 1390 01:13:46,533 --> 01:13:47,800 Observer. 1391 01:13:47,833 --> 01:13:50,166 And there is a kind of innuendo, 1392 01:13:50,200 --> 01:13:54,900 and also it's part of an extended possibility. 1393 01:13:54,933 --> 01:13:57,333 What I mean by that is that 1394 01:13:57,366 --> 01:13:59,866 if we are in the rhythm of the poem, 1395 01:13:59,900 --> 01:14:05,033 we are in the emotional architecture of a poem, 1396 01:14:05,066 --> 01:14:11,700 and language says things that are direct 1397 01:14:11,733 --> 01:14:15,400 but also insinuation, 1398 01:14:15,433 --> 01:14:19,633 the same as a blues singer would. 1399 01:14:19,666 --> 01:14:21,800 I think that's what it is. 1400 01:14:21,833 --> 01:14:22,900 It really takes me back 1401 01:14:22,933 --> 01:14:27,033 to the essence of the blues, 1402 01:14:27,066 --> 01:14:30,200 insinuation, daring. 1403 01:14:30,233 --> 01:14:32,466 You mean to allow silence? 1404 01:14:32,500 --> 01:14:37,133 Simplicity say that also in a way morphs 1405 01:14:37,166 --> 01:14:43,033 into a more complex emotional place. 1406 01:15:30,666 --> 01:15:33,766 Got your library card? 1407 01:15:43,500 --> 01:15:44,466 Yeah. 1408 01:15:44,500 --> 01:15:46,233 Okay, so you want to take these pictures 1409 01:15:46,266 --> 01:15:49,633 and save it in here? Uh-huh, but... 1410 01:15:49,666 --> 01:15:51,333 Not all the one. 1411 01:15:51,366 --> 01:15:53,900 This... This here is on the memory card here. 1412 01:15:53,933 --> 01:15:56,800 Yes. You want to transfer it to here, correct? 1413 01:15:56,833 --> 01:15:58,666 But, but I want first to save. 1414 01:15:58,700 --> 01:16:02,433 Well, this is why you have to hold on "Control," you see? 1415 01:16:02,466 --> 01:16:03,966 I'm going to show you example. 1416 01:16:09,366 --> 01:16:11,433 So once that gets to 100%, 1417 01:16:11,466 --> 01:16:13,933 then call me back over, and we can take a look. 1418 01:16:13,966 --> 01:16:15,200 100% to finish it? 1419 01:16:15,233 --> 01:16:18,266 Yeah, 100% is finished downloading, 1420 01:16:18,300 --> 01:16:20,866 and then we do installing. 1421 01:16:30,800 --> 01:16:32,366 Go back to "Home." 1422 01:16:32,400 --> 01:16:33,400 Huh? 1423 01:16:33,433 --> 01:16:35,433 Home. Home? 1424 01:16:35,466 --> 01:16:37,666 Home, yeah, this, yeah. 1425 01:17:11,133 --> 01:17:12,700 This year's supply, I'd say about 22. 1426 01:17:26,066 --> 01:17:27,176 Now, have you worked with the book, 1427 01:17:27,200 --> 01:17:28,433 the regular-sized braille yet? 1428 01:17:28,466 --> 01:17:30,500 So we're going to start on this first... 1429 01:17:30,533 --> 01:17:32,800 this first page that has A through E on it. 1430 01:17:32,833 --> 01:17:34,566 So go ahead and check out the page. 1431 01:17:34,600 --> 01:17:36,166 Are you lefty or righty? 1432 01:17:36,200 --> 01:17:37,566 Um, righty. 1433 01:17:37,600 --> 01:17:39,233 You're right-handed? Mm-hmm. 1434 01:17:39,266 --> 01:17:41,733 Okay, it's good to hold, to keep it... 1435 01:17:41,766 --> 01:17:43,333 Straight? ...straight though. 1436 01:17:43,366 --> 01:17:45,366 Uh-huh. Most people that read braille 1437 01:17:45,400 --> 01:17:47,109 end up reading with a combination of both hands. 1438 01:17:47,133 --> 01:17:48,200 Okay. 1439 01:17:48,233 --> 01:17:49,966 So your right hand will be your leader, 1440 01:17:50,000 --> 01:17:53,342 - but sometimes your left hand will kind of keep your place. Okay. 1441 01:17:53,366 --> 01:17:55,476 That's okay to check out with both hands, if you want. 1442 01:17:55,500 --> 01:17:57,166 E? 1443 01:17:57,200 --> 01:17:58,800 Hmm.. No, that's the D. 1444 01:17:58,833 --> 01:18:01,366 Before you try to comprehend, 1445 01:18:01,400 --> 01:18:03,766 just practice moving your hand in a straight line 1446 01:18:03,800 --> 01:18:05,000 and following. 1447 01:18:05,033 --> 01:18:10,100 This is how a braille-reading hand moves. 1448 01:18:10,133 --> 01:18:13,200 So these lines that are kind of together, 1449 01:18:13,233 --> 01:18:15,966 these little kinds of almost railroad tracks, 1450 01:18:16,000 --> 01:18:18,500 are there to help you kind of pattern and figure out 1451 01:18:18,533 --> 01:18:23,200 how to move in a fluid, straight, smooth way. 1452 01:18:23,233 --> 01:18:26,800 A lot of people will read with a couple of fingers. 1453 01:18:26,833 --> 01:18:28,566 I noticed that you for right now 1454 01:18:28,600 --> 01:18:30,366 are mostly reading with your middle finger, 1455 01:18:30,400 --> 01:18:33,300 and you want to make sure that this finger gets in there, too, 1456 01:18:33,333 --> 01:18:35,733 because your forefinger has a lot of sensitivity, 1457 01:18:35,766 --> 01:18:38,066 and a lot of people read with their forefinger 1458 01:18:38,100 --> 01:18:40,300 and then middle finger kind of together. 1459 01:18:40,333 --> 01:18:42,033 Okay. 1460 01:18:42,066 --> 01:18:45,300 When your one hand finds the next line for the other hand 1461 01:18:45,333 --> 01:18:46,866 is called tracking. 1462 01:18:48,066 --> 01:18:50,666 X, X, X, X. 1463 01:18:50,700 --> 01:18:53,700 Z, Z, Z, Z. 1464 01:18:53,733 --> 01:18:55,200 Now make sure that you... 1465 01:18:59,500 --> 01:19:01,333 Do like this or with your hand, 1466 01:19:01,366 --> 01:19:02,866 wherever you can, okay? 1467 01:19:04,833 --> 01:19:11,100 C... okay, and... what? 1468 01:19:12,000 --> 01:19:13,366 Okay, and... 1469 01:19:15,300 --> 01:19:16,933 You've got "Why not." 1470 01:19:16,966 --> 01:19:19,866 So N is the end. 1471 01:19:22,166 --> 01:19:23,933 One position is different. 1472 01:19:23,966 --> 01:19:27,933 You know, one is horizontal and other one vertical. 1473 01:19:27,966 --> 01:19:29,800 - You got it? - Yeah, I'm writing... 1474 01:19:29,833 --> 01:19:31,700 And now I'm going to do the other one. 1475 01:19:37,700 --> 01:19:39,233 I have some statistics here 1476 01:19:39,266 --> 01:19:41,666 on how many people with disabilities there are. 1477 01:19:41,700 --> 01:19:42,933 This is according 1478 01:19:42,966 --> 01:19:44,900 to the 2014 U.S. Census. 1479 01:19:44,933 --> 01:19:46,300 There are roughly 1480 01:19:46,333 --> 01:19:51,633 eight million people uh, in New York City in general, 1481 01:19:51,666 --> 01:19:55,233 and about 900,000 of those people 1482 01:19:55,266 --> 01:19:56,733 are people with disabilities. 1483 01:19:56,766 --> 01:19:59,333 So that's about 11%. 1484 01:19:59,366 --> 01:20:02,166 I'm the housing coordinator, and I do answer 1485 01:20:02,200 --> 01:20:03,500 a lot of 311 calls 1486 01:20:03,533 --> 01:20:05,866 regarding housing for people with disabilities. 1487 01:20:05,900 --> 01:20:07,133 For low-income housing, 1488 01:20:07,166 --> 01:20:08,576 there is the New York City Housing Authority, 1489 01:20:08,600 --> 01:20:11,066 which is known to have a very long waiting list. 1490 01:20:11,100 --> 01:20:14,733 Fortunately, that is not the only option. 1491 01:20:14,766 --> 01:20:15,966 There are other options. 1492 01:20:16,000 --> 01:20:17,509 There are a few different vouchers available. 1493 01:20:17,533 --> 01:20:21,033 One is the Medicaid Waiver Program, 1494 01:20:21,066 --> 01:20:23,566 and that's for people with physical disabilities, 1495 01:20:23,600 --> 01:20:24,876 and it does include things like home care 1496 01:20:24,900 --> 01:20:26,866 and Meals on Wheels 1497 01:20:26,900 --> 01:20:28,166 and subsidized housing. 1498 01:20:28,200 --> 01:20:31,133 If you have a voucher that covers $1,100, 1499 01:20:31,166 --> 01:20:34,233 and you go find an apartment, 1500 01:20:34,266 --> 01:20:37,933 and the apartment is within that range, right? 1501 01:20:37,966 --> 01:20:41,466 It's $1,000 or $1,100 rent a month, 1502 01:20:41,500 --> 01:20:45,200 uh, that means that you meet the criteria, 1503 01:20:45,233 --> 01:20:49,633 you meet the income requirement for that apartment, 1504 01:20:49,666 --> 01:20:52,876 - and if the landlord tells you, "We don't take vouchers," 1505 01:20:52,900 --> 01:20:55,500 That's considered discrimination. 1506 01:20:55,533 --> 01:20:58,466 And if that, you know, if that does happen, 1507 01:20:58,500 --> 01:21:00,633 there is an agency that can help you out with that. 1508 01:21:00,666 --> 01:21:02,433 That's called the City Commission 1509 01:21:02,466 --> 01:21:03,666 on Human Rights. 1510 01:21:03,700 --> 01:21:07,300 It's always good to know your rights. 1511 01:21:07,333 --> 01:21:09,600 Another housing opportunity is the housing lotteries 1512 01:21:09,633 --> 01:21:11,266 or affordable housing. 1513 01:21:11,300 --> 01:21:13,076 There is a difference between affordable housing 1514 01:21:13,100 --> 01:21:14,500 and low-income housing. 1515 01:21:14,533 --> 01:21:16,666 Most people don't realize that. 1516 01:21:16,700 --> 01:21:19,466 So affordable housing is for, you know, 1517 01:21:19,500 --> 01:21:20,733 it includes low income, 1518 01:21:20,766 --> 01:21:22,766 but it also includes, you know, 1519 01:21:22,800 --> 01:21:25,300 middle class and working families as well. 1520 01:21:25,333 --> 01:21:27,233 Another agency that we do work with, 1521 01:21:27,266 --> 01:21:29,000 Housing Preservation and Development. 1522 01:21:29,033 --> 01:21:31,300 Basically they are working with developers 1523 01:21:31,333 --> 01:21:32,800 who are building new buildings 1524 01:21:32,833 --> 01:21:35,500 or reconstructing existing buildings, 1525 01:21:35,533 --> 01:21:38,433 and each building has its own lottery. 1526 01:21:38,466 --> 01:21:41,533 So each building will have its own application, 1527 01:21:41,566 --> 01:21:43,766 and in each lottery, 1528 01:21:43,800 --> 01:21:48,233 five percent of the apartments are set aside 1529 01:21:48,266 --> 01:21:50,800 for people with mobility disabilities, 1530 01:21:50,833 --> 01:21:52,866 and two percent are set aside 1531 01:21:52,900 --> 01:21:56,066 for people with visual and hearing disabilities. 1532 01:21:56,100 --> 01:21:59,466 Finding stable housing is pretty hard to do, 1533 01:21:59,500 --> 01:22:03,266 especially in the affordable and low-income markets. 1534 01:22:16,000 --> 01:22:17,333 Oh, yeah, let's do it. 1535 01:22:22,900 --> 01:22:28,300 In 2014 we launched an extensive strategic plan, 1536 01:22:28,333 --> 01:22:31,433 but most importantly, we began to fill the basket 1537 01:22:31,466 --> 01:22:34,000 about what we were going to put here, 1538 01:22:34,033 --> 01:22:35,266 the Mid-Manhattan Library 1539 01:22:35,300 --> 01:22:39,200 as well as in the Schwarzman Building. 1540 01:22:39,233 --> 01:22:45,000 We engaged, um, in a very public engagement campaign 1541 01:22:45,033 --> 01:22:46,733 around our plans. 1542 01:22:46,766 --> 01:22:49,766 These were just concepts that we had come up with. 1543 01:22:49,800 --> 01:22:51,866 We had public meetings, 1544 01:22:51,900 --> 01:22:54,900 we had numerous media opportunities, 1545 01:22:54,933 --> 01:22:57,833 um, thanks to Ken and his staff. 1546 01:22:57,866 --> 01:23:02,100 We met with stakeholders, we met with our board, 1547 01:23:02,133 --> 01:23:04,166 we met with anybody who would listen to us. 1548 01:23:04,200 --> 01:23:05,433 The goals, then, 1549 01:23:05,466 --> 01:23:08,566 were really to keep our constituents informed, 1550 01:23:08,600 --> 01:23:10,066 which I think we did; 1551 01:23:10,100 --> 01:23:13,833 to ensure that we got important feedback 1552 01:23:13,866 --> 01:23:15,666 as to which should go where 1553 01:23:15,700 --> 01:23:17,400 and what should go in what buildings, 1554 01:23:17,433 --> 01:23:21,400 and what programs and projects that we should really focus on. 1555 01:23:21,433 --> 01:23:25,833 And, lastly, the thing that I am the most proud about is... 1556 01:23:25,866 --> 01:23:27,300 And I think everybody in this room 1557 01:23:27,333 --> 01:23:30,066 or anybody affiliated with the library should be proud about... 1558 01:23:30,100 --> 01:23:32,666 Is that we were maintaining transparency 1559 01:23:32,700 --> 01:23:34,233 during this process. 1560 01:23:34,266 --> 01:23:36,900 Um, we were communicating as best we could; 1561 01:23:36,933 --> 01:23:39,733 whatever we knew, we were letting people know. 1562 01:23:39,766 --> 01:23:41,276 Now in October, it's actually November, 1563 01:23:41,300 --> 01:23:44,033 we started a new phase of this campaign. 1564 01:23:44,066 --> 01:23:49,833 And, um, it's to introduce the really spectacular architects 1565 01:23:49,866 --> 01:23:52,283 that we spent months, um, trying to get to this point 1566 01:23:52,284 --> 01:23:54,700 that we spent months, um, trying to get to this point 1567 01:23:54,733 --> 01:23:57,033 and to pick a team like this 1568 01:23:57,066 --> 01:24:01,000 to work on this iconic project for New York City. 1569 01:24:01,033 --> 01:24:04,133 Um, and in this next round, 1570 01:24:04,166 --> 01:24:08,933 there will be an enormous amount again of public engagement, 1571 01:24:08,966 --> 01:24:13,233 and we'll include even more substantive conversations. 1572 01:24:13,266 --> 01:24:15,600 And as Tony noted, 1573 01:24:15,633 --> 01:24:19,466 um, most importantly it's to start the conversation here, 1574 01:24:19,500 --> 01:24:22,066 with our staff and here at the library. 1575 01:24:22,100 --> 01:24:25,866 So, um, let me just explain how we got to this point 1576 01:24:25,900 --> 01:24:29,466 with these two wonderful architecture firms. 1577 01:24:29,500 --> 01:24:31,200 Um, I think as everybody knows, 1578 01:24:31,233 --> 01:24:33,866 we went through an RFQ and an RFP process, 1579 01:24:33,900 --> 01:24:37,700 and working with a working group, 1580 01:24:37,733 --> 01:24:40,266 which included members of the board of directors 1581 01:24:40,300 --> 01:24:43,033 as well as senior staff here at the library, 1582 01:24:43,066 --> 01:24:48,566 um, we arrived at, um, uh, two semi-finalists 1583 01:24:48,600 --> 01:24:51,133 and ended up with one finalist group. 1584 01:24:51,166 --> 01:24:53,666 Francine, you, having worked 1585 01:24:53,700 --> 01:24:56,133 in libraries all over the world, 1586 01:24:56,166 --> 01:24:57,633 maybe you can give us a sense 1587 01:24:57,666 --> 01:25:01,500 of what you think the futures of libraries are going to be, 1588 01:25:01,533 --> 01:25:03,566 both in the physical sense 1589 01:25:03,600 --> 01:25:06,966 and in the sense of libraries as institutions. 1590 01:25:09,133 --> 01:25:11,000 First of all, for me, 1591 01:25:11,033 --> 01:25:12,283 the 1592 01:25:12,284 --> 01:25:13,533 library does not exist. 1593 01:25:13,566 --> 01:25:15,566 Every library, it's my experience, is different. 1594 01:25:15,600 --> 01:25:17,033 It's totally different 1595 01:25:17,066 --> 01:25:18,733 if you're thinking 1596 01:25:18,766 --> 01:25:20,533 of a circulating library in the Netherlands. 1597 01:25:20,566 --> 01:25:21,866 There's even already a difference 1598 01:25:21,900 --> 01:25:24,633 between if you make one in Amsterdam and in Rotterdam, 1599 01:25:24,666 --> 01:25:27,466 there's even a bigger difference if you make one in Scandinavia 1600 01:25:27,500 --> 01:25:30,466 or we also worked on the library in Athens. 1601 01:25:30,500 --> 01:25:31,933 For instance, in Europe, 1602 01:25:31,966 --> 01:25:35,066 the northern part of Europe is more books 1603 01:25:35,100 --> 01:25:39,366 and the southern part of Europe is almost no books. 1604 01:25:39,400 --> 01:25:40,700 Um... 1605 01:25:40,733 --> 01:25:42,200 One maybe very important thing... 1606 01:25:42,233 --> 01:25:44,000 I'm just now improvising... 1607 01:25:44,033 --> 01:25:47,433 That for me libraries are not about books, 1608 01:25:47,466 --> 01:25:50,800 it's a lot of people think that it's a storage space for books. 1609 01:25:50,833 --> 01:25:52,933 No, libraries are about people 1610 01:25:52,966 --> 01:25:56,600 who want to get knowledge to them, 1611 01:25:56,633 --> 01:25:58,733 and that can be done by books, 1612 01:25:58,766 --> 01:26:03,466 it can be done by many other ways. 1613 01:26:03,500 --> 01:26:05,166 It's very much about learning, 1614 01:26:05,200 --> 01:26:06,733 it's about long-life learning, 1615 01:26:06,766 --> 01:26:09,300 it's about the whole generation. 1616 01:26:09,333 --> 01:26:14,233 And so libraries are, they're not only... 1617 01:26:14,266 --> 01:26:16,200 there are cultural importance, 1618 01:26:16,233 --> 01:26:18,933 but they also very much economically important. 1619 01:26:18,966 --> 01:26:21,766 It has... here it's a little bit different, 1620 01:26:21,800 --> 01:26:24,633 but, like, in Europe, it's always public money, 1621 01:26:24,666 --> 01:26:30,000 and it's public money that you invest in your own population. 1622 01:26:30,033 --> 01:26:31,733 Uh, so it's very much important 1623 01:26:31,766 --> 01:26:35,000 that you give it back to the public. 1624 01:26:35,033 --> 01:26:36,666 And, um, yeah, what else? 1625 01:26:36,700 --> 01:26:39,000 I guess I could give a whole lecture about libraries. 1626 01:26:39,033 --> 01:26:41,600 Um, I think what is maybe also important, 1627 01:26:41,633 --> 01:26:43,833 that as a library, 1628 01:26:43,866 --> 01:26:46,700 reflects what is necessary in that city... 1629 01:26:46,733 --> 01:26:49,433 It's a research library, it's also an archive. 1630 01:26:49,466 --> 01:26:53,109 - It's a city archive, it's the circulating library. 1631 01:26:53,133 --> 01:26:56,333 I'm dreaming of, especially if I think of this building, 1632 01:26:56,366 --> 01:26:58,900 about many different atmospheres, 1633 01:26:58,933 --> 01:27:00,966 of different ways of studying, 1634 01:27:01,000 --> 01:27:05,300 of different, very important, uh... 1635 01:27:05,333 --> 01:27:09,566 maybe when I did design the... the... 1636 01:27:09,600 --> 01:27:11,233 famous library we did in Delft, 1637 01:27:11,266 --> 01:27:13,533 that's where our office is based. 1638 01:27:13,566 --> 01:27:16,466 It's in a library for the technical university in Delft, 1639 01:27:16,500 --> 01:27:19,666 and that was opened in 1995. 1640 01:27:19,700 --> 01:27:22,233 And we, when we did the design in 1991, 1641 01:27:22,266 --> 01:27:24,333 they already told me, "Francine, 1642 01:27:24,366 --> 01:27:27,166 you don't need libraries anymore in the future." 1643 01:27:27,200 --> 01:27:30,100 And that's in a way still a kind of opinion we hear a lot. 1644 01:27:30,133 --> 01:27:32,166 Do you hear it a lot? 1645 01:27:32,200 --> 01:27:35,433 It's totally because people, they still think of libraries 1646 01:27:35,466 --> 01:27:37,600 about a storage space of books, 1647 01:27:37,633 --> 01:27:40,900 or people think of the library when they were a kid. 1648 01:27:40,933 --> 01:27:42,533 A lot of people have no awareness 1649 01:27:42,566 --> 01:27:46,033 what is happening in the nowadays libraries 1650 01:27:46,066 --> 01:27:47,966 and how necessary they are. 1651 01:27:48,000 --> 01:27:49,600 What else, do you want? 1652 01:27:49,633 --> 01:27:50,833 Maybe I should just stop. 1653 01:27:50,866 --> 01:27:52,300 Okay. 1654 01:27:52,333 --> 01:27:54,700 But I have a lot of ideas about libraries. 1655 01:30:53,100 --> 01:30:55,800 Okay. 1656 01:31:00,933 --> 01:31:03,466 What will the catalog... 1657 01:31:03,500 --> 01:31:06,000 That will probably be the center of the catalog... 1658 01:31:06,033 --> 01:31:08,766 We've got lovely essays... 1659 01:31:08,800 --> 01:31:11,300 We've got some... in there. 1660 01:31:16,566 --> 01:31:19,300 Plus, we only got halfway... 1661 01:31:26,833 --> 01:31:29,500 That needs to be, like, life-sized. 1662 01:31:29,533 --> 01:31:32,100 Really? 1663 01:31:32,133 --> 01:31:35,366 I almost wanted to be... 1664 01:31:35,400 --> 01:31:37,666 It's okay, you got...? 1665 01:31:37,700 --> 01:31:41,133 No problem. 1666 01:31:43,933 --> 01:31:46,466 All right... 1667 01:31:46,500 --> 01:31:49,033 Reminds me of a couple of paintings that was done 1668 01:31:49,066 --> 01:31:51,566 back in orientalism. 1669 01:31:51,600 --> 01:31:54,100 I don't know if you know what that is, orientalism? 1670 01:31:54,133 --> 01:31:56,666 Yes. 1671 01:32:29,000 --> 01:32:31,133 Eh... in chapter one 1672 01:32:31,166 --> 01:32:33,000 of Alice's Adventures 1673 01:32:33,001 --> 01:32:34,833 in Wonderland, um, 1674 01:32:34,866 --> 01:32:41,266 she is being recited a story by her elder sister, right? 1675 01:32:41,300 --> 01:32:43,733 Um... 1676 01:32:43,766 --> 01:32:46,133 And it's boring. 1677 01:32:46,166 --> 01:32:49,100 She, she doesn't like the story, 1678 01:32:49,133 --> 01:32:51,833 and, and this is this thing that encourages her 1679 01:32:51,834 --> 01:32:54,533 and, and this is this thing that encourages her 1680 01:32:54,566 --> 01:32:58,066 and sets off this whole journey into, into fantasy, 1681 01:32:58,100 --> 01:33:02,733 and I found it so interesting, thinking about that 1682 01:33:02,766 --> 01:33:07,000 and realizing kind of what my, my journey has been, 1683 01:33:07,033 --> 01:33:10,233 um, which is essentially the opposite of that. 1684 01:33:10,266 --> 01:33:14,333 It's trying to take stories and make them not boring. 1685 01:33:14,366 --> 01:33:17,533 Um, it's trying to take traditional literature 1686 01:33:17,566 --> 01:33:20,800 and traditional, like, like, ideas of what it means 1687 01:33:20,833 --> 01:33:25,333 to be intellectual and academic and educated... 1688 01:33:28,700 --> 01:33:32,233 and how it was the actual boredom 1689 01:33:32,266 --> 01:33:36,000 that pushed Alice into this new world of chasing fantasy. 1690 01:33:36,033 --> 01:33:39,100 I feel so similar to that so, so frequently. 1691 01:33:39,133 --> 01:33:40,833 I, I read these things, 1692 01:33:40,866 --> 01:33:45,900 and I see all these brilliant, brilliant people in this world 1693 01:33:45,933 --> 01:33:50,266 who are, are... feel the need to package their ideas 1694 01:33:50,300 --> 01:33:52,200 and their intellect 1695 01:33:52,233 --> 01:33:56,333 and, in this stringent and traditional way, 1696 01:33:56,366 --> 01:34:00,666 because that's the way that we're used to digesting it. 1697 01:34:00,700 --> 01:34:04,100 So I hope that one of the things 1698 01:34:04,133 --> 01:34:06,400 that you take from this program 1699 01:34:06,433 --> 01:34:08,700 is that intellect and academia 1700 01:34:08,733 --> 01:34:12,333 and literature does not have to be highbrow. 1701 01:34:12,366 --> 01:34:13,766 It does not have to be elitist. 1702 01:34:13,800 --> 01:34:19,500 Um, it can develop in a organic and genuine way. 1703 01:34:19,533 --> 01:34:24,066 So I'm going to read this last piece, um. 1704 01:34:24,100 --> 01:34:29,900 "When this man enters a room 1705 01:34:29,933 --> 01:34:33,433 "He wishes to keep his chin up 1706 01:34:33,466 --> 01:34:38,033 "To carry with him a continental smile 1707 01:34:38,066 --> 01:34:39,933 "And a heart 1708 01:34:39,966 --> 01:34:44,366 "A heart that lifts the floor like a splintering brass chorus 1709 01:34:44,400 --> 01:34:48,800 "Of drums and saxophones, Questlove and Coltrane 1710 01:34:48,833 --> 01:34:51,200 "marching to Gettysburg at my feet 1711 01:34:51,233 --> 01:34:54,866 "With shotgun improvs that grow into rock steady 1712 01:34:54,900 --> 01:34:58,266 "Playing like a humble bass line for the beautiful, 1713 01:34:58,300 --> 01:35:00,833 "the gorgeous shootouts that ring out 1714 01:35:00,866 --> 01:35:03,966 "throughout old Chicago jazz clubs 1715 01:35:04,000 --> 01:35:06,566 "and smoky New Orleans hallways. 1716 01:35:06,600 --> 01:35:08,733 "He is a man. 1717 01:35:08,766 --> 01:35:12,400 "He is a man because he claims he's claimed his identity 1718 01:35:12,433 --> 01:35:14,900 "Yet still walks with the melancholy whisper 1719 01:35:14,933 --> 01:35:17,066 "Of everything mama couldn't teach him, 1720 01:35:17,100 --> 01:35:18,933 "Preacher couldn't preach to him 1721 01:35:18,966 --> 01:35:23,166 "On Fridays when the bar ends, the clouds unclench their fists, 1722 01:35:23,200 --> 01:35:26,833 "I walk home, empty pack of Marlboros in my back pocket. 1723 01:35:26,866 --> 01:35:29,666 "Girl I don't know so well, under my left arm 1724 01:35:29,700 --> 01:35:31,866 "Laughing too damn loudly. 1725 01:35:31,900 --> 01:35:36,066 "I sit under a poster of Hendrix with Mona Lisa-like eyes 1726 01:35:36,100 --> 01:35:38,100 "that follow me wherever I go 1727 01:35:38,133 --> 01:35:43,600 "And I wonder what is in a man. 1728 01:35:43,633 --> 01:35:46,333 "It wasn't always like that, though. 1729 01:35:46,366 --> 01:35:51,100 "Before the intrigue of standing tall swallowed my skin 1730 01:35:51,133 --> 01:35:53,742 - "Every boy had a smiling father to dribble him 1731 01:35:53,766 --> 01:35:55,933 "Every watch could stop if you please 1732 01:35:55,966 --> 01:35:59,100 "Every set of five fingers had a warm twin that fit 1733 01:35:59,133 --> 01:36:02,466 "But since then, I spent too many Sundays with the sun 1734 01:36:02,500 --> 01:36:04,166 "And girls just looking for 1735 01:36:04,200 --> 01:36:06,266 "Thought I had a good one once 1736 01:36:06,300 --> 01:36:08,400 "But now all I do is write black love poems 1737 01:36:08,433 --> 01:36:11,933 "The only thing she hates more than me are mirrors 1738 01:36:11,966 --> 01:36:14,900 "The only thing I hate more than love is not being in it 1739 01:36:14,933 --> 01:36:18,033 "Call it crystal eyed or young of me to say 1740 01:36:18,066 --> 01:36:20,133 "But some days I wake up wondering 1741 01:36:20,166 --> 01:36:22,766 "Where have all the trumpets gone? 1742 01:36:22,800 --> 01:36:26,300 "What makes a man, and what have they done with Motown's tongue? 1743 01:36:26,333 --> 01:36:28,466 "When did the sound of my own breath 1744 01:36:28,500 --> 01:36:31,333 "Become not enough music to get me through the night 1745 01:36:31,366 --> 01:36:34,233 "And why, why can't we let ourselves go in the nighttime 1746 01:36:34,266 --> 01:36:36,700 "Without it up in the morning, 1747 01:36:36,733 --> 01:36:38,000 "In the morning. 1748 01:36:38,033 --> 01:36:39,533 "In the morning, wake me up 1749 01:36:39,566 --> 01:36:43,500 "Like we died in each others' arms 12 hours prior 1750 01:36:43,533 --> 01:36:46,900 "And had been planning to do so on breath cue 1751 01:36:46,933 --> 01:36:49,700 "From the first time my lips cuddled your forehead 1752 01:36:49,733 --> 01:36:50,800 "I know. 1753 01:36:53,500 --> 01:36:59,133 "I know my carpet may not taste as sweet as the golden gates 1754 01:36:59,166 --> 01:37:00,900 "But you slept here last night 1755 01:37:00,933 --> 01:37:03,366 "And somewhere between the Bankers Club and the eight ball 1756 01:37:03,400 --> 01:37:07,433 "from yesterday, I was reminded that a broken heart bleeds red 1757 01:37:07,466 --> 01:37:11,666 "So now my past, my insides got you looking like a fresh murder 1758 01:37:11,700 --> 01:37:17,766 "Can I be a man and clean that up for you? 1759 01:37:17,800 --> 01:37:21,033 "Could you, could you love me just as hard 1760 01:37:21,066 --> 01:37:24,400 "if I'd rather talk some out? 1761 01:37:24,433 --> 01:37:28,066 "If, if I'd rather, 1762 01:37:28,100 --> 01:37:32,633 "If I'd rather picket fence my tongue quiet and slow 1763 01:37:32,666 --> 01:37:37,866 "like a stream across the whole navy Van Gogh of your body 1764 01:37:37,900 --> 01:37:41,500 "Cheek to back in a curve of your thigh and I disappear 1765 01:37:41,533 --> 01:37:44,200 "And there's no more before, no more after, 1766 01:37:44,233 --> 01:37:46,433 "Just a screaming white light 1767 01:37:46,466 --> 01:37:48,500 "Rattling the inside of your skull 1768 01:37:48,533 --> 01:37:52,833 "Like a drug-addicted prisoner and a man, a man, 1769 01:37:52,866 --> 01:37:56,100 "I swear to God, I'm a man 1770 01:37:56,133 --> 01:37:59,066 "standing tall, 1771 01:37:59,100 --> 01:38:01,433 "Looking down over his work 1772 01:38:01,466 --> 01:38:02,966 Like a lost diamond." 1773 01:38:03,000 --> 01:38:06,133 Thank you so much. 1774 01:38:20,500 --> 01:38:22,666 The way that my staff can help, 1775 01:38:22,700 --> 01:38:24,866 in addition to providing direct help, 1776 01:38:24,900 --> 01:38:26,576 the government and community affairs office, 1777 01:38:26,600 --> 01:38:29,300 we can also provide, you know, guidance, possibly. 1778 01:38:29,333 --> 01:38:31,109 You know, as you're navigating through government, 1779 01:38:31,133 --> 01:38:33,366 many of you may not have done that 1780 01:38:33,400 --> 01:38:35,333 as intimately as you're doing it now. 1781 01:38:35,366 --> 01:38:36,376 You may have a question about 1782 01:38:36,400 --> 01:38:38,700 you know, an agency 1783 01:38:38,733 --> 01:38:41,800 or who these other agencies are interacting with, 1784 01:38:41,833 --> 01:38:44,466 or perhaps, you know, the mayor's agenda 1785 01:38:44,500 --> 01:38:46,433 or the speaker's agenda or the governor's agenda, 1786 01:38:46,466 --> 01:38:48,900 or things that are helping you 1787 01:38:48,933 --> 01:38:51,733 to navigate through the agencies at the federal level. 1788 01:38:51,766 --> 01:38:54,142 - So we can help with all of that. - So we can help with all of that. 1789 01:38:54,166 --> 01:38:55,600 So I thought it would be good... 1790 01:38:55,633 --> 01:38:56,566 The other thing we'll be doing is, 1791 01:38:56,600 --> 01:38:58,933 I will, I or a member of my team 1792 01:38:58,966 --> 01:39:00,566 will be joining your biweeklies 1793 01:39:00,600 --> 01:39:03,333 Yep... just to hear from you 1794 01:39:03,366 --> 01:39:05,166 what's happening, 1795 01:39:05,200 --> 01:39:07,200 and if there are any, you know, new initiatives 1796 01:39:07,233 --> 01:39:08,400 that we should be aware of 1797 01:39:08,433 --> 01:39:09,942 or if there are any ongoing initiatives, 1798 01:39:09,966 --> 01:39:12,300 just for you to give us updates on those as well. 1799 01:39:12,333 --> 01:39:13,600 We've got to make sure that 1800 01:39:13,633 --> 01:39:16,200 we're bringing our Government Affairs with us 1801 01:39:16,233 --> 01:39:18,133 so that they understand where we might be able 1802 01:39:18,166 --> 01:39:21,200 to plug into those government relationships, right? 1803 01:39:21,233 --> 01:39:22,400 So we need to do both. 1804 01:39:22,433 --> 01:39:23,966 Off the top of my head, 1805 01:39:24,000 --> 01:39:25,342 Christopher mentioned our meeting this week 1806 01:39:25,366 --> 01:39:26,600 with the Department of Health. 1807 01:39:26,633 --> 01:39:27,900 As you all know, 1808 01:39:27,933 --> 01:39:29,733 the First Lady's mental health initiative. 1809 01:39:29,766 --> 01:39:32,300 We're trying to see how we can help them 1810 01:39:32,333 --> 01:39:33,866 move that agenda along. 1811 01:39:33,900 --> 01:39:36,800 There are a lot of ways that we can provide help to the city. 1812 01:39:36,833 --> 01:39:39,933 A, you know, we have infrastructure 1813 01:39:39,966 --> 01:39:41,400 in every neighborhood in the city, 1814 01:39:41,433 --> 01:39:43,700 so we can provide space for them to conduct meetings. 1815 01:39:43,733 --> 01:39:45,042 We can also help them get the word out 1816 01:39:45,066 --> 01:39:46,300 on some of these initiatives 1817 01:39:46,333 --> 01:39:48,300 and possibly our programming can align 1818 01:39:48,333 --> 01:39:50,533 with what they're trying to achieve as well. 1819 01:39:50,566 --> 01:39:51,966 Minority women-owned businesses. 1820 01:39:52,000 --> 01:39:54,900 We're working with the city on this as well, 1821 01:39:54,933 --> 01:39:56,533 to track, to do a better job 1822 01:39:56,566 --> 01:39:59,966 of tracking, um, you know, who we partner with, 1823 01:40:00,000 --> 01:40:01,900 who we do business with. 1824 01:40:01,933 --> 01:40:04,100 So that's happening right now. 1825 01:40:04,133 --> 01:40:07,333 IDNYC is ongoing, as we know. 1826 01:40:07,366 --> 01:40:10,000 The city is so happy with our participation 1827 01:40:10,033 --> 01:40:11,566 under the IDNYC programming, 1828 01:40:11,600 --> 01:40:14,700 they've asked us to provide pop-up sites, 1829 01:40:14,733 --> 01:40:16,376 so some of you are involved with that as well. 1830 01:40:16,400 --> 01:40:18,700 Christopher knows about this as well. 1831 01:40:18,733 --> 01:40:20,500 Uh, the mayor's Office of Immigrant Affairs, 1832 01:40:20,533 --> 01:40:22,533 I mean, New Americans Corners. 1833 01:40:22,566 --> 01:40:23,876 We set those up last those up last year in all the branches 1834 01:40:23,900 --> 01:40:25,800 and the city is thinking about ways 1835 01:40:25,833 --> 01:40:28,166 that they can improve on those services 1836 01:40:28,200 --> 01:40:29,633 to the immigrant population 1837 01:40:29,666 --> 01:40:31,742 and one of the ways that they're looking to do that right now 1838 01:40:31,766 --> 01:40:36,066 is to possibly provide legal services 1839 01:40:36,100 --> 01:40:38,500 in public spaces in the city, including libraries. 1840 01:40:38,533 --> 01:40:39,500 So we're in conversations 1841 01:40:39,533 --> 01:40:40,966 with the city on that as well. 1842 01:40:41,000 --> 01:40:42,076 Libraries have always been this adjunct... 1843 01:40:42,100 --> 01:40:44,200 Right. to the education system 1844 01:40:44,233 --> 01:40:45,966 in the city. 1845 01:40:46,000 --> 01:40:47,766 There are 127 city agencies. 1846 01:40:47,800 --> 01:40:50,266 I'm sure if we were to go through a list, 1847 01:40:50,300 --> 01:40:53,300 we probably do business with 30 or 40 of them. 1848 01:40:53,333 --> 01:40:56,700 We are the greatest example of a public-private partnership 1849 01:40:56,733 --> 01:40:58,233 and on that public side, I mean, 1850 01:40:58,266 --> 01:41:00,600 we interact deeply on a daily basis, 1851 01:41:00,633 --> 01:41:03,200 and it really is, uh, it's a good idea for us 1852 01:41:03,233 --> 01:41:05,000 to track that as best we can. 1853 01:41:14,033 --> 01:41:16,366 Mr. García Márquez is mostly remembered 1854 01:41:16,400 --> 01:41:18,433 in terms of magical realism, 1855 01:41:18,466 --> 01:41:20,000 being the style that he worked in. 1856 01:41:20,033 --> 01:41:25,633 You know, the idea of magic being a part of everyday life, 1857 01:41:25,666 --> 01:41:29,266 extraordinary things happen, magical things happen, 1858 01:41:29,300 --> 01:41:30,733 spellbinding things happening. 1859 01:41:30,766 --> 01:41:32,366 A big part of his work. 1860 01:41:32,400 --> 01:41:35,600 Several people have said that Love in the Time of Cholera 1861 01:41:35,633 --> 01:41:37,700 is like the American Huckleberry Finn. 1862 01:41:37,733 --> 01:41:38,833 Everybody knows it. 1863 01:41:38,866 --> 01:41:40,233 Everybody can quote it. 1864 01:41:40,266 --> 01:41:43,033 People, you know, it's the book everybody reads there. 1865 01:41:43,066 --> 01:41:45,933 Um, so... 1866 01:41:45,966 --> 01:41:47,866 So what do we think of him? 1867 01:41:47,900 --> 01:41:49,633 I did think, as I read it, 1868 01:41:49,666 --> 01:41:51,633 it would have been better titled, 1869 01:41:51,666 --> 01:41:54,933 Lovemaking in the Time of Cholera, 1870 01:41:54,966 --> 01:41:57,233 because I got a little bored 1871 01:41:57,266 --> 01:41:59,933 with all the in and outs of all the bed. 1872 01:41:59,966 --> 01:42:02,966 I find the beginning lines and beginning pages, 1873 01:42:03,000 --> 01:42:06,633 I can tell whether I can get into a book in a couple days. 1874 01:42:06,666 --> 01:42:08,366 I mean, it's not like, "Call me Ishmael," 1875 01:42:08,400 --> 01:42:09,866 which is very striking, 1876 01:42:09,900 --> 01:42:12,000 but this one is, "It was inevitable: 1877 01:42:12,033 --> 01:42:15,733 "the scent of bitter almonds always reminded him 1878 01:42:15,766 --> 01:42:18,200 of the fate of unrequited love." 1879 01:42:18,233 --> 01:42:20,933 And the theme of almonds and bitter almonds come through. 1880 01:42:20,966 --> 01:42:24,533 And this is a story of unrequited love. 1881 01:42:24,566 --> 01:42:28,100 That was only at the end gets fulfilled 1882 01:42:28,133 --> 01:42:32,400 under the guise of being a boat with cholera, you know. 1883 01:42:32,433 --> 01:42:34,200 And so I think he's saying, in a way, 1884 01:42:34,233 --> 01:42:36,500 that passion is a sickness. 1885 01:42:36,533 --> 01:42:39,000 The explanation for Florentino 1886 01:42:39,033 --> 01:42:43,500 was exactly what you said, unrequited love. 1887 01:42:43,533 --> 01:42:46,600 That kicked off the rest of his life. 1888 01:42:46,633 --> 01:42:49,266 It affected him for the rest of his life, 1889 01:42:49,300 --> 01:42:52,033 but he really loved Fermina. 1890 01:42:52,066 --> 01:42:55,200 Yes, he screwed all these women 1891 01:42:55,233 --> 01:42:59,300 in both figurative and literal sense, 1892 01:42:59,333 --> 01:43:01,633 but he loved Fermina, 1893 01:43:01,666 --> 01:43:03,800 and he would have done anything for her, 1894 01:43:03,833 --> 01:43:07,433 and I think this is proven throughout the book. 1895 01:43:07,466 --> 01:43:10,266 Also, he was devastated 1896 01:43:10,300 --> 01:43:12,900 by what happened to América Vicuña. 1897 01:43:12,933 --> 01:43:15,066 - Right. - As we all were, 1898 01:43:15,100 --> 01:43:17,033 he was devastated by that. 1899 01:43:17,066 --> 01:43:19,066 He kept on thinking about it. 1900 01:43:19,100 --> 01:43:20,533 He went into the stateroom 1901 01:43:20,566 --> 01:43:24,300 on that final voyage down the Magdalena, 1902 01:43:24,333 --> 01:43:28,600 and he cried until there were no tears left. 1903 01:43:28,633 --> 01:43:31,166 He was a human being, 1904 01:43:31,200 --> 01:43:34,766 and that's what I think was so good about this book. 1905 01:43:34,800 --> 01:43:39,633 It was surreal in many respects, magical realism, 1906 01:43:39,666 --> 01:43:42,633 but yet there's tremendous, 1907 01:43:42,666 --> 01:43:46,033 in-depth knowledge of human nature, 1908 01:43:46,066 --> 01:43:49,000 both good and bad, in this book. 1909 01:43:49,033 --> 01:43:55,666 I felt it so perceptive about what it means to be married, 1910 01:43:55,700 --> 01:43:57,966 what it means on your wedding night, 1911 01:43:58,000 --> 01:44:02,400 what it means to be a widow, what it means to get old. 1912 01:44:02,433 --> 01:44:05,833 I mean, I was personally affected 1913 01:44:05,866 --> 01:44:09,600 by the fact that the whole second part of the book was, 1914 01:44:09,633 --> 01:44:13,433 "What does it mean to be in your 70s now?" 1915 01:44:13,466 --> 01:44:19,033 And yet, he keeps on injecting these surreal elements. 1916 01:44:19,066 --> 01:44:23,566 So I think both characters were very sympathetic. 1917 01:44:23,600 --> 01:44:27,433 They were real. 1918 01:44:27,466 --> 01:44:30,300 It was his imagination of Fermina that he loved. 1919 01:44:30,333 --> 01:44:32,333 He didn't know her. 1920 01:44:32,366 --> 01:44:34,833 He only knew what he thought she was, 1921 01:44:34,866 --> 01:44:38,200 and of course we've all had relationships 1922 01:44:38,233 --> 01:44:39,509 where the person, the other person, 1923 01:44:39,533 --> 01:44:40,709 thinks we're something we're not. 1924 01:44:40,733 --> 01:44:41,866 And, I mean, 1925 01:44:41,900 --> 01:44:44,133 it takes a while for you to finally say, "Look, 1926 01:44:44,166 --> 01:44:46,133 I'm not who you think I am," you know? 1927 01:44:46,166 --> 01:44:48,666 It's the... and I think he had all... 1928 01:44:48,700 --> 01:44:51,666 it was his imagination that sustained him, 1929 01:44:51,700 --> 01:44:53,000 not the real person. 1930 01:44:53,001 --> 01:44:54,300 Not the real person. 1931 01:44:54,333 --> 01:44:55,609 But I do think love, you know, what is love? 1932 01:44:55,633 --> 01:44:57,900 It's very hard to figure it out. 1933 01:44:57,933 --> 01:45:00,100 He was in love with love, 1934 01:45:00,133 --> 01:45:02,533 or his fantasy of her, his, you know, what did you call him? 1935 01:45:02,566 --> 01:45:05,233 His imagination of her, about her 1936 01:45:05,266 --> 01:45:06,500 was not the real her, 1937 01:45:06,533 --> 01:45:09,133 and, um, and that's what kept him going. 1938 01:45:09,166 --> 01:45:13,966 That and his constant promiscuous affairs, affairs, 1939 01:45:14,000 --> 01:45:15,366 is what kept him going. 1940 01:45:15,400 --> 01:45:17,966 Uh, so he was living in the world of illusion. 1941 01:45:18,000 --> 01:45:19,433 What is love, after all? 1942 01:45:19,466 --> 01:45:22,133 I think that's one of the themes of the book, 1943 01:45:22,166 --> 01:45:24,233 is that love is really an illusion, 1944 01:45:24,266 --> 01:45:27,933 and the way that Florentino loves Fermina 1945 01:45:27,966 --> 01:45:29,266 is no different than, say, 1946 01:45:29,300 --> 01:45:31,233 the way that Romeo falls in love with Juliet, 1947 01:45:31,266 --> 01:45:34,766 and it's based simply on a gut reaction in adolescence 1948 01:45:34,800 --> 01:45:37,966 and based on very little else. 1949 01:45:38,000 --> 01:45:39,133 The pursuit of love, 1950 01:45:39,166 --> 01:45:40,333 it's just a means to delay 1951 01:45:40,366 --> 01:45:42,533 and avoid the aging process 1952 01:45:42,566 --> 01:45:45,700 and ultimately to avoid death, if you can, 1953 01:45:45,733 --> 01:45:47,566 as long as you can. 1954 01:46:16,000 --> 01:46:18,200 Both the city and the library tend 1955 01:46:18,233 --> 01:46:21,200 to view a lot of patron-facing digital efforts as separate. 1956 01:46:21,233 --> 01:46:23,266 So there's the ITG consideration 1957 01:46:23,300 --> 01:46:26,133 of how much bandwidth we provide for Wi-Fi. 1958 01:46:26,166 --> 01:46:27,900 There's innovation labs. 1959 01:46:27,933 --> 01:46:29,933 There's TechConnect, there's the hotspots. 1960 01:46:29,966 --> 01:46:31,066 On the city side, 1961 01:46:31,100 --> 01:46:32,676 there's the Lincoln YC pay phones projects. 1962 01:46:32,700 --> 01:46:34,300 There's coding in the schools. 1963 01:46:34,333 --> 01:46:36,466 There's a NYCHA hotspot. 1964 01:46:36,500 --> 01:46:41,333 These are all you know, components of a larger strategy 1965 01:46:41,366 --> 01:46:43,100 around an inclusive digital city. 1966 01:46:43,133 --> 01:46:44,933 If you tell that richer story, 1967 01:46:44,966 --> 01:46:49,166 it, um, it's more powerful, because you see the connections, 1968 01:46:49,200 --> 01:46:51,000 and, frankly, from a library perspective, 1969 01:46:51,033 --> 01:46:54,000 it reveals just how integral we are 1970 01:46:54,033 --> 01:46:55,600 to the digital life of the city, 1971 01:46:55,633 --> 01:46:58,533 in a way that if you just take it one on one, 1972 01:46:58,566 --> 01:47:00,466 we're sort of less relevant. 1973 01:47:00,500 --> 01:47:01,966 And so that's the other goal of this. 1974 01:47:02,000 --> 01:47:04,633 Can we help the city understand the richness 1975 01:47:04,666 --> 01:47:06,000 of these issues, 1976 01:47:06,033 --> 01:47:07,176 so they can understand the richness of our solution? 1977 01:47:07,200 --> 01:47:10,266 Should we have personas for, like, 1978 01:47:10,300 --> 01:47:11,733 think of different types of users. 1979 01:47:11,766 --> 01:47:12,866 Yes. 1980 01:47:12,900 --> 01:47:14,666 What does an older adult need to know 1981 01:47:14,700 --> 01:47:16,333 in order to be able 1982 01:47:16,366 --> 01:47:18,866 to communicate with their family, 1983 01:47:18,900 --> 01:47:21,866 to not feel isolated, to stay in touch with the news? 1984 01:47:21,900 --> 01:47:23,833 What does a student need to know? 1985 01:47:23,866 --> 01:47:27,166 What does a, right, um... in, in, 1986 01:47:27,200 --> 01:47:29,500 some of that conceptual work actually doesn't exist 1987 01:47:29,533 --> 01:47:31,366 in the larger digital literacy space, 1988 01:47:31,400 --> 01:47:33,766 but is exactly the input necessary 1989 01:47:33,800 --> 01:47:36,133 for us to then say, "Okay. 1990 01:47:36,166 --> 01:47:37,666 "If that's where people need to go, 1991 01:47:37,700 --> 01:47:40,166 "where are we best equipped to help take them 1992 01:47:40,200 --> 01:47:41,533 "and how can we partner 1993 01:47:41,566 --> 01:47:43,366 "with the other institutions around the city 1994 01:47:43,400 --> 01:47:45,866 "to sort of collectively have 1995 01:47:45,900 --> 01:47:48,000 a digitally rich environment?" 1996 01:48:58,433 --> 01:48:59,566 I have to say, though, 1997 01:48:59,600 --> 01:49:01,733 I think of all the programs, 1998 01:49:01,766 --> 01:49:03,242 I am the most proud of what we're doing today, 1999 01:49:03,266 --> 01:49:05,566 because I think the mission of the library 2000 01:49:05,600 --> 01:49:09,333 and the mission of our guests resonate so beautifully. 2001 01:49:09,366 --> 01:49:12,466 We want to share the arts with all people, 2002 01:49:12,500 --> 01:49:15,000 and this city, which is so amazing, 2003 01:49:15,033 --> 01:49:18,166 with incredible theater and incredible theater-makers, 2004 01:49:18,200 --> 01:49:21,666 these guests are part of the reason why 2005 01:49:21,700 --> 01:49:24,600 deaf audiences are able to experience that. 2006 01:49:24,633 --> 01:49:26,466 Interpreters at theater 2007 01:49:26,500 --> 01:49:29,833 are the red carpet for deaf audiences 2008 01:49:29,866 --> 01:49:34,000 to have access to what's being performed onstage. 2009 01:49:34,033 --> 01:49:36,966 Um, we are not performers, 2010 01:49:37,000 --> 01:49:42,300 yet in order for an audience that is deaf 2011 01:49:42,333 --> 01:49:47,066 to enjoy and cry and laugh 2012 01:49:47,100 --> 01:49:50,133 with everybody else in the theater, 2013 01:49:50,166 --> 01:49:53,400 they need to understand what's happening onstage, 2014 01:49:53,433 --> 01:49:58,066 and they need to understand the emotional life 2015 01:49:58,100 --> 01:50:00,733 of the actors and the characters, 2016 01:50:00,766 --> 01:50:02,700 the choices that actors are making, 2017 01:50:02,733 --> 01:50:05,600 and the, um... 2018 01:50:05,633 --> 01:50:07,566 that whole framework of the play. 2019 01:50:07,600 --> 01:50:10,233 So we do study the actors. 2020 01:50:10,266 --> 01:50:12,566 I do study their mannerisms. 2021 01:50:12,600 --> 01:50:18,200 I do think about the way a show is directed and staged. 2022 01:50:18,233 --> 01:50:20,166 I do think about text. 2023 01:50:20,200 --> 01:50:23,500 All those pieces come together 2024 01:50:23,533 --> 01:50:25,533 to present a red carpet to the deaf audience 2025 01:50:25,566 --> 01:50:26,833 and say, "Hey, 2026 01:50:26,866 --> 01:50:29,800 this is the show that everybody's enjoying." 2027 01:50:29,833 --> 01:50:31,133 And I'm looking at how... 2028 01:50:31,166 --> 01:50:33,233 how the context is giving meaning. 2029 01:50:33,266 --> 01:50:36,566 I'm looking at what the intent of the person is 2030 01:50:36,600 --> 01:50:40,533 that's hearing, that's speaking to the deaf person. 2031 01:50:40,566 --> 01:50:45,200 I'm trying to pull out and parse out all of that 2032 01:50:45,233 --> 01:50:48,066 so I can create a real communication 2033 01:50:48,100 --> 01:50:50,100 between these two worlds 2034 01:50:50,133 --> 01:50:52,133 that are... come with different cultures, 2035 01:50:52,166 --> 01:50:53,976 - different backgrounds, different world understanding. 2036 01:50:54,000 --> 01:50:58,700 Sign language is more than just how your hands move. 2037 01:50:58,733 --> 01:51:01,333 It's this whole three-dimensional space 2038 01:51:01,366 --> 01:51:02,666 in front of you. 2039 01:51:02,700 --> 01:51:05,233 So it does include our face. 2040 01:51:05,266 --> 01:51:07,466 That's where grammar will show up a lot of times 2041 01:51:07,500 --> 01:51:10,900 as well as, um... 2042 01:51:10,933 --> 01:51:13,666 affect, mood. 2043 01:51:13,700 --> 01:51:15,733 So it has a dual purpose. 2044 01:51:15,766 --> 01:51:20,700 So I think that we try to explore that with every play. 2045 01:51:20,733 --> 01:51:22,066 What's the feeling in every play? 2046 01:51:22,100 --> 01:51:23,333 What's the mood? 2047 01:51:23,366 --> 01:51:24,576 What are the characters doing, yeah. 2048 01:51:24,600 --> 01:51:27,000 One thing that the library has 2049 01:51:27,033 --> 01:51:29,633 that's kind of cool is we have 2050 01:51:29,666 --> 01:51:31,142 the fair copy of the Declaration of Independence 2051 01:51:31,166 --> 01:51:35,366 that Thomas Jefferson wrote as a draft 2052 01:51:35,400 --> 01:51:38,266 before the final draft went to the Continental Congress. 2053 01:51:38,300 --> 01:51:40,533 And, um, the big difference is there's a section that, 2054 01:51:40,566 --> 01:51:42,900 where he's quite negative about slavery, 2055 01:51:42,933 --> 01:51:44,366 and that was taken out 2056 01:51:44,400 --> 01:51:48,600 to win the support of delegates from some southern colonies. 2057 01:51:48,633 --> 01:51:50,533 Um, we were wondering just, 2058 01:51:50,566 --> 01:51:52,433 since everyone's relatively familiar 2059 01:51:52,466 --> 01:51:54,066 with the Declaration of Independence, 2060 01:51:54,100 --> 01:51:56,366 we were thinking we could get two volunteers 2061 01:51:56,400 --> 01:51:58,366 to read just a few lines, 2062 01:51:58,400 --> 01:52:01,233 uh, trying to capture a different mood, 2063 01:52:01,266 --> 01:52:02,666 a different emotion. 2064 01:52:02,700 --> 01:52:05,700 Um, one, sort of angry and defiant 2065 01:52:05,733 --> 01:52:08,733 and then another one kind of more inspired and uplifting. 2066 01:52:08,766 --> 01:52:11,066 No, pleading. Pleading, okay. 2067 01:52:11,100 --> 01:52:13,300 Pleading the king to allow you to do this. 2068 01:52:13,333 --> 01:52:14,400 Yeah. 2069 01:52:14,433 --> 01:52:15,933 So do we have any volunteers? 2070 01:52:15,966 --> 01:52:17,266 Somebody want to give it a try? 2071 01:52:17,300 --> 01:52:19,033 Okay. And this lady also. 2072 01:52:19,066 --> 01:52:20,700 Oh, terrific. 2073 01:52:20,733 --> 01:52:22,333 So is any... are either of you 2074 01:52:22,366 --> 01:52:25,700 feeling particularly angry or particularly pleading? 2075 01:52:25,733 --> 01:52:27,433 Her choice. 2076 01:52:30,366 --> 01:52:31,666 Why don't you try angry, 2077 01:52:31,700 --> 01:52:33,966 and you can use my microphone, 2078 01:52:34,000 --> 01:52:37,133 and Candice will be your interpreter. 2079 01:52:37,166 --> 01:52:38,700 Right, so you can stand right there, 2080 01:52:38,733 --> 01:52:40,333 and I'll stand next to you. 2081 01:52:40,366 --> 01:52:42,166 So hopefully this will show you 2082 01:52:42,200 --> 01:52:43,833 a little bit of the difference 2083 01:52:43,866 --> 01:52:47,800 in how an interpretation might look. 2084 01:52:47,833 --> 01:52:51,100 So very angry. 2085 01:52:51,133 --> 01:52:52,800 Not super fast. 2086 01:52:54,366 --> 01:52:55,700 Okay. 2087 01:52:55,733 --> 01:52:58,433 "We hold these truths to be self-evident, 2088 01:52:58,466 --> 01:53:00,400 "all men are created equal, 2089 01:53:00,433 --> 01:53:02,533 "that they are endowed by their Creator 2090 01:53:02,566 --> 01:53:04,866 "with certain unalienable rights, 2091 01:53:04,900 --> 01:53:07,366 "that among these are life, liberty, 2092 01:53:07,400 --> 01:53:10,133 "and the pursuit of happiness. 2093 01:53:10,166 --> 01:53:12,000 "And that to secure these rights, 2094 01:53:12,033 --> 01:53:14,300 "governments are instituted among men, 2095 01:53:14,333 --> 01:53:15,933 "deriving their just powers 2096 01:53:15,966 --> 01:53:17,900 "from the consent of the governed. 2097 01:53:17,933 --> 01:53:19,766 "That whenever any form of government 2098 01:53:19,800 --> 01:53:21,833 "becomes destructive of these ends, 2099 01:53:21,866 --> 01:53:25,366 "it is the right of the people to alter or abolish it, 2100 01:53:25,400 --> 01:53:27,200 "to institute a new government, 2101 01:53:27,233 --> 01:53:29,533 "laying its foundation on such principles 2102 01:53:29,566 --> 01:53:32,300 "and organizing its powers in such form, 2103 01:53:32,333 --> 01:53:35,666 "as to them shall seem most likely 2104 01:53:35,700 --> 01:53:39,700 to effect their safety and happiness." 2105 01:53:41,833 --> 01:53:43,000 You were angry. 2106 01:53:43,033 --> 01:53:44,000 Pleading? 2107 01:53:44,033 --> 01:53:45,600 Yeah, pleading. 2108 01:53:45,633 --> 01:53:48,633 Pleading, you may have gotten the easier one. 2109 01:53:48,666 --> 01:53:50,266 You're begging... Are you ready? 2110 01:53:50,300 --> 01:53:52,917 You're begging the king to allow us to do this. 2111 01:53:52,918 --> 01:53:55,533 You're begging the king to allow us to do this. 2112 01:53:55,566 --> 01:53:59,166 "We hold these truths to be self-evident, 2113 01:53:59,200 --> 01:54:01,866 "that all men are created equal, 2114 01:54:01,900 --> 01:54:04,800 "that they are endowed by the creator 2115 01:54:04,833 --> 01:54:07,700 "with certain unalienable rights, 2116 01:54:07,733 --> 01:54:11,366 "that among these are life, liberty, 2117 01:54:11,400 --> 01:54:14,333 "and the pursuit of happiness. 2118 01:54:14,366 --> 01:54:16,533 "That to secure these rights, 2119 01:54:16,566 --> 01:54:19,533 "governments are instituted among men, 2120 01:54:19,566 --> 01:54:21,633 "deriving their just powers 2121 01:54:21,666 --> 01:54:24,233 "from the consent of the governed. 2122 01:54:24,266 --> 01:54:26,500 "That whenever any form of government 2123 01:54:26,533 --> 01:54:28,933 "becomes destructive of these ends, 2124 01:54:28,966 --> 01:54:35,566 "it is the right of the people to alter or abolish it, 2125 01:54:35,600 --> 01:54:37,700 "and to institute a new government, 2126 01:54:37,733 --> 01:54:40,066 "laying its foundation on such principles 2127 01:54:40,100 --> 01:54:43,166 "and organizing its powers in such form, 2128 01:54:43,200 --> 01:54:47,366 "as to them shall seem most likely 2129 01:54:47,400 --> 01:54:51,500 to effect their safety and happiness." 2130 01:54:55,700 --> 01:54:56,966 Little prep next time for me. 2131 01:54:58,100 --> 01:54:59,366 That was fantastic. 2132 01:54:59,400 --> 01:55:00,866 We have such talented audiences 2133 01:55:00,900 --> 01:55:02,666 at the Library for the Performing Arts. 2134 01:55:02,700 --> 01:55:04,233 We do. Thank you so much. 2135 01:59:48,666 --> 01:59:50,166 Leroy... 2136 01:59:50,200 --> 01:59:51,700 Have you seen who got 30? 2137 01:59:51,701 --> 01:59:53,200 Have you seen who got 30? 2138 02:00:03,166 --> 02:00:04,309 But teens are more independent, 2139 02:00:04,333 --> 02:00:05,866 and they have a hard time 2140 02:00:05,900 --> 02:00:06,900 asking for help. 2141 02:00:06,933 --> 02:00:07,942 Most of the times, a lot of teens, 2142 02:00:07,966 --> 02:00:08,933 they think they know it all. 2143 02:00:08,966 --> 02:00:09,933 We all did at one time. 2144 02:00:09,966 --> 02:00:11,200 So it's kinda... 2145 02:00:11,233 --> 02:00:12,942 So my best way of getting in touch with them 2146 02:00:12,966 --> 02:00:14,466 is kind of let them know, "Oh, listen. 2147 02:00:14,500 --> 02:00:15,333 "So what are you doing? 2148 02:00:15,366 --> 02:00:17,033 "I'm so bad at math. 2149 02:00:17,066 --> 02:00:18,276 "What do you recommend for me to do? 2150 02:00:18,300 --> 02:00:19,709 What do you do to work on your math skills?" 2151 02:00:19,733 --> 02:00:20,776 And then they'll tell me, "Oh, Rick, 2152 02:00:20,800 --> 02:00:22,133 "all you need to do is do this, 2153 02:00:22,166 --> 02:00:23,700 and they have books in there." 2154 02:00:23,733 --> 02:00:25,109 I'm like, "Oh I know we do, but do you use them?" 2155 02:00:25,133 --> 02:00:26,600 And they're like, "Oh, yeah, Ricky. 2156 02:00:26,633 --> 02:00:28,300 You could go to this website too..." 2157 02:00:28,333 --> 02:00:30,766 So I kind of feel what they need and what they know 2158 02:00:30,800 --> 02:00:32,366 and then I build from there. 2159 02:00:32,400 --> 02:00:35,100 Um, it's a little bit hard when it comes to, 2160 02:00:35,133 --> 02:00:36,633 getting them to come for, 2161 02:00:36,666 --> 02:00:39,233 like, if we do a teen math program here, 2162 02:00:39,266 --> 02:00:40,706 a lot of times, if we tell the teens, 2163 02:00:40,733 --> 02:00:41,866 they won't come in. 2164 02:00:41,900 --> 02:00:43,700 So it's different ways and techniques. 2165 02:00:43,733 --> 02:00:45,333 So it will be great for us too. 2166 02:00:45,366 --> 02:00:47,709 This is what we have to work, and that we're with the schools. 2167 02:00:47,733 --> 02:00:49,409 So the schools could work something with the parents, 2168 02:00:49,433 --> 02:00:51,800 and then their parents bring the teens in. 2169 02:00:51,833 --> 02:00:54,866 Because they'll come in for a great Wii game or Xbox. 2170 02:00:54,900 --> 02:00:56,476 They'll come in on their own for that, no problem. 2171 02:00:56,500 --> 02:00:57,800 - Recreational. - Recreational. 2172 02:00:57,833 --> 02:00:59,109 But when it comes to something educational, 2173 02:00:59,133 --> 02:01:00,742 it's a little bit hard, which is understandable, 2174 02:01:00,766 --> 02:01:02,606 because they're doing school seven hours a day. 2175 02:01:02,633 --> 02:01:03,766 Yeah, they're exhausted. 2176 02:01:03,800 --> 02:01:05,366 They're exhausted when they come here. 2177 02:01:05,400 --> 02:01:07,733 This is why I think it's very important for the libraries 2178 02:01:07,766 --> 02:01:11,000 to give the teens their own space 2179 02:01:11,033 --> 02:01:12,866 and their time in each branch, 2180 02:01:12,900 --> 02:01:14,276 because it's important for the teens 2181 02:01:14,300 --> 02:01:15,942 to come in and feel like they belong somewhere. 2182 02:01:15,966 --> 02:01:17,400 And it's not a school. 2183 02:01:17,433 --> 02:01:18,809 When they come to our programs, I don't want them to feel 2184 02:01:18,833 --> 02:01:20,266 like they have to sit there straight 2185 02:01:20,300 --> 02:01:21,666 and just do math work. 2186 02:01:21,700 --> 02:01:23,142 No, I want you to feel like this is the place 2187 02:01:23,166 --> 02:01:24,376 for you to come with your friends... 2188 02:01:24,400 --> 02:01:25,800 - Relax. - Yes. 2189 02:01:25,833 --> 02:01:26,866 And talk about math, 2190 02:01:26,900 --> 02:01:28,266 you can learn from each other, 2191 02:01:28,300 --> 02:01:29,776 respect each other is the main thing that I want. 2192 02:01:29,800 --> 02:01:31,966 Respect each other, but also learn from each other, 2193 02:01:32,000 --> 02:01:33,466 and how can you help each other? 2194 02:01:33,500 --> 02:01:35,466 And with the teens, a great way to do that too 2195 02:01:35,500 --> 02:01:38,300 is get them, a bunch of teens in one room together 2196 02:01:38,333 --> 02:01:41,233 and have them kind of let us know what they need, 2197 02:01:41,266 --> 02:01:43,342 not us kind of telling them, "Oh, this is what you do." 2198 02:01:43,366 --> 02:01:45,266 It's kind of like, "How will you help him? 2199 02:01:45,300 --> 02:01:46,333 How would she help him?" 2200 02:01:46,366 --> 02:01:48,666 All that kind of stuff, and it works. 2201 02:01:48,700 --> 02:01:50,033 We have, as you know, 2202 02:01:50,066 --> 02:01:55,866 a great way of studying how the children and teen readers, 2203 02:01:55,900 --> 02:01:57,133 their reading patterns, 2204 02:01:57,166 --> 02:01:58,342 in terms of what is being borrowed, 2205 02:01:58,366 --> 02:02:00,966 through a tool called Collection HQ, 2206 02:02:01,000 --> 02:02:04,666 and I noticed for the September statistics 2207 02:02:04,700 --> 02:02:07,433 for Parkchester's children and teens, 2208 02:02:07,466 --> 02:02:09,300 there was a lot of focus on math. 2209 02:02:09,333 --> 02:02:11,100 - Right. - It seemed to be a point... 2210 02:02:12,400 --> 02:02:13,633 "How's your math going?" 2211 02:02:13,666 --> 02:02:14,666 where... right. 2212 02:02:14,700 --> 02:02:16,266 Not good. 2213 02:02:16,300 --> 02:02:21,000 As far as, of the top ten circulating children, 2214 02:02:21,033 --> 02:02:23,633 non-fiction titles for Parkchester, 2215 02:02:23,666 --> 02:02:25,333 there were at least four or five books 2216 02:02:25,366 --> 02:02:28,800 on fractions being requested. Correct. 2217 02:02:28,833 --> 02:02:31,100 And what will be interesting for all of us to see 2218 02:02:31,133 --> 02:02:34,233 is system-wide, is that also a pattern of use, right? 2219 02:02:34,266 --> 02:02:35,400 Yeah. 2220 02:02:35,433 --> 02:02:37,566 Um, Ashante, you've been working a lot 2221 02:02:37,600 --> 02:02:40,166 with, um, through the MyLibraryNYC program, 2222 02:02:40,200 --> 02:02:43,333 and I'm just curious, does this seem to be the... 2223 02:02:43,366 --> 02:02:45,966 is... does there seem to be a true pattern 2224 02:02:46,000 --> 02:02:48,600 of certain topics being covered 2225 02:02:48,633 --> 02:02:51,900 at various points in the year by children and teens? 2226 02:02:51,933 --> 02:02:54,450 Um, parents are really challenged by the new math, 2227 02:02:54,451 --> 02:02:56,966 Um, parents are really challenged by the new math, 2228 02:02:57,000 --> 02:02:58,809 - with the Common Core math. - Yes, Common Core. 2229 02:02:58,833 --> 02:03:02,866 So they're used to doing the math, working from... 2230 02:03:02,900 --> 02:03:06,800 working from the top down, 2231 02:03:06,833 --> 02:03:08,833 and now they're going from left to right. 2232 02:03:08,866 --> 02:03:10,166 Right. 2233 02:03:10,200 --> 02:03:12,933 So parents are looking for books on math, 2234 02:03:12,966 --> 02:03:14,633 kids are looking for books for math, 2235 02:03:14,666 --> 02:03:16,966 and we're seeing that, with the teacher's sets, 2236 02:03:17,000 --> 02:03:20,366 that math teachers are looking for teacher sets 2237 02:03:20,400 --> 02:03:23,866 using the MyLibraryNYC teacher sets, 2238 02:03:23,900 --> 02:03:27,700 and... it is, it is a true trend. 2239 02:03:27,733 --> 02:03:29,500 So I'm glad you guys noticed it. 2240 02:03:29,533 --> 02:03:30,666 There's this huge increase 2241 02:03:30,700 --> 02:03:33,866 in circulation of teacher sets and items, 2242 02:03:33,900 --> 02:03:37,600 and so I'm wondering, are they mostly math teacher sets or...? 2243 02:03:37,633 --> 02:03:39,033 Well, the highest... 2244 02:03:39,066 --> 02:03:40,900 the highest-circulating teacher set 2245 02:03:40,933 --> 02:03:43,533 is the baby animals. 2246 02:03:43,566 --> 02:03:45,233 Because who doesn't love baby animals? 2247 02:03:45,266 --> 02:03:47,033 That is the highest-circulating. 2248 02:03:47,066 --> 02:03:50,866 But math is following right behind it. 2249 02:03:50,900 --> 02:03:52,233 And that's new, right? 2250 02:03:52,266 --> 02:03:53,700 Yeah, that's new. That's new. 2251 02:03:53,733 --> 02:03:54,900 We've tripled our, 2252 02:03:54,933 --> 02:03:57,033 we've over tripled our teacher sets. 2253 02:03:57,066 --> 02:03:59,300 Yeah, I was reading this last night. 2254 02:03:59,333 --> 02:04:00,866 I thought, "That's incredible." 2255 02:04:00,900 --> 02:04:02,633 Yeah, we're very proud. Really incredible. 2256 02:04:02,666 --> 02:04:05,266 We need to look at it holistically. 2257 02:04:05,300 --> 02:04:08,366 You know, how we can partner with the programming team 2258 02:04:08,400 --> 02:04:11,433 to ensure that there are resources 2259 02:04:11,466 --> 02:04:13,400 and, you know, there are connections made 2260 02:04:13,433 --> 02:04:15,133 between Programming and Collections, 2261 02:04:15,166 --> 02:04:18,933 and also how we can broaden our reach 2262 02:04:18,966 --> 02:04:21,866 by working with volunteers and staff. 2263 02:04:21,900 --> 02:04:24,800 There is a, an urgency around this. 2264 02:04:24,833 --> 02:04:26,066 We cannot fail. 2265 02:04:26,100 --> 02:04:28,966 I mean if parents are coming, pleading to you... 2266 02:04:29,000 --> 02:04:30,733 Yeah, yeah. 2267 02:04:30,766 --> 02:04:32,300 I can see in their eyes their need, 2268 02:04:32,333 --> 02:04:33,709 they want their kids to be successful. 2269 02:04:33,733 --> 02:04:35,300 Yeah, exactly. 2270 02:04:35,333 --> 02:04:37,433 Their whole family depends on this generation. 2271 02:04:37,466 --> 02:04:38,666 The library cannot fail. 2272 02:04:38,700 --> 02:04:39,900 Yeah. 2273 02:04:39,933 --> 02:04:42,033 If you actually had a non-floating collection 2274 02:04:42,066 --> 02:04:43,533 in specific areas 2275 02:04:43,566 --> 02:04:45,209 that you know your neighborhood really needs... 2276 02:04:45,233 --> 02:04:47,666 Like, math sounds like it's more than Parkchester, 2277 02:04:47,700 --> 02:04:49,266 but it's obviously here... 2278 02:04:49,300 --> 02:04:53,000 And you had a four- or five-day series 2279 02:04:53,033 --> 02:04:54,933 for parents and kids 2280 02:04:54,966 --> 02:04:57,433 to come and learn to do math together, 2281 02:04:57,466 --> 02:04:59,133 there might be a real opportunity 2282 02:04:59,166 --> 02:05:01,366 to bring the community together in here too. 2283 02:05:01,400 --> 02:05:03,342 So you could have something like the Programs in a Box. 2284 02:05:03,366 --> 02:05:04,533 You could have this... 2285 02:05:04,566 --> 02:05:06,266 I mean, the cornerstone of all of this 2286 02:05:06,300 --> 02:05:07,900 is you and the collection, right, 2287 02:05:07,933 --> 02:05:10,466 and having that partnership with the teachers. 2288 02:05:10,500 --> 02:05:12,133 Then you can build around it, 2289 02:05:12,166 --> 02:05:13,642 but we do have the means to build around it, right? 2290 02:05:13,666 --> 02:05:14,866 We have the Programs in a Box, 2291 02:05:14,900 --> 02:05:16,666 which we're all committed to. 2292 02:05:16,700 --> 02:05:20,133 We also have the ability to bring in community tutors. 2293 02:05:20,166 --> 02:05:22,366 There's a lot of potential there 2294 02:05:22,400 --> 02:05:24,400 that we can weave together. 2295 02:05:24,433 --> 02:05:25,766 Let's not lose sight of that, 2296 02:05:25,800 --> 02:05:27,800 and, actually, let's not give that up right now, 2297 02:05:27,833 --> 02:05:29,900 just because we're having this conversation. 2298 02:05:29,933 --> 02:05:33,566 Let's figure out how we help make that happen. 2299 02:06:13,433 --> 02:06:15,300 Here you go. 2300 02:06:15,333 --> 02:06:16,666 Check in? 2301 02:06:16,700 --> 02:06:18,933 Or check out? 2302 02:06:25,966 --> 02:06:27,633 How old are you? 2303 02:06:27,666 --> 02:06:28,700 You're 12? 2304 02:06:28,733 --> 02:06:30,300 So you have a student ID? 2305 02:06:30,333 --> 02:06:32,800 Uh, do you have any form of ID? 2306 02:06:32,833 --> 02:06:34,800 Do you have something with your name on it 2307 02:06:34,833 --> 02:06:35,800 and your school name on it, 2308 02:06:35,833 --> 02:06:38,666 like a schedule or a report card 2309 02:06:38,700 --> 02:06:39,966 or a progress report? 2310 02:06:40,000 --> 02:06:42,466 Okay, so I need you to bring me one of those things, 2311 02:06:42,500 --> 02:06:43,842 and if you don't have any of those things, 2312 02:06:43,866 --> 02:06:46,666 then you need to come with a parent or guardian, okay? 2313 02:06:46,700 --> 02:06:48,100 So go get it? Huh? 2314 02:06:48,133 --> 02:06:49,366 Do I have to go get it? 2315 02:06:49,400 --> 02:06:52,166 If you have it, yeah. 2316 02:06:52,200 --> 02:06:53,600 - Hey, can I take out - Atlanta? 2317 02:06:53,633 --> 02:06:54,666 Yeah. 2318 02:06:54,700 --> 02:06:56,700 Um, this one's actually reserved, 2319 02:06:56,733 --> 02:07:00,133 but, um... let me see. 2320 02:07:03,666 --> 02:07:07,433 Since we're toward the tail of the NYPL HotSpot program, 2321 02:07:07,466 --> 02:07:10,633 the devices generally were going out for a year. 2322 02:07:10,666 --> 02:07:12,033 That has changed. 2323 02:07:12,066 --> 02:07:14,800 Lending periods may be shorter than a year. 2324 02:07:14,833 --> 02:07:16,566 When we check the devices out upstairs, 2325 02:07:16,600 --> 02:07:17,833 the due date that it gives you 2326 02:07:17,866 --> 02:07:20,266 is the due date that it's going to provide. 2327 02:07:20,300 --> 02:07:21,642 They're not renewable at this point. 2328 02:07:21,666 --> 02:07:22,700 You're going to get 2329 02:07:22,733 --> 02:07:26,100 six gigabytes per month at 4G speed. 2330 02:07:26,133 --> 02:07:28,766 Now once you bypass that, it will still work, 2331 02:07:28,800 --> 02:07:30,109 but if you're doing something like streaming, 2332 02:07:30,133 --> 02:07:31,666 watching Netflix, 2333 02:07:31,700 --> 02:07:32,933 it's going to operate slower. 2334 02:07:32,966 --> 02:07:34,033 And keep in mind, 2335 02:07:34,066 --> 02:07:36,566 and I tell this to a lot of people, 2336 02:07:36,600 --> 02:07:39,200 because I've been doing this for the past couple of months, 2337 02:07:39,233 --> 02:07:41,666 be very careful who you let 2338 02:07:41,700 --> 02:07:43,066 use the hotspot device. 2339 02:07:43,100 --> 02:07:46,300 You can connect up to nine devices at once, 2340 02:07:46,333 --> 02:07:47,666 but you have to keep in mind 2341 02:07:47,700 --> 02:07:50,166 the other people who may be using the connection 2342 02:07:50,200 --> 02:07:52,800 may also be using the data that's already allocated. 2343 02:07:52,833 --> 02:07:55,600 So if they're streaming and you're streaming, 2344 02:07:55,633 --> 02:07:57,042 they're eating up data that you're using. 2345 02:07:57,066 --> 02:07:59,766 These can only be checked out 2346 02:07:59,800 --> 02:08:02,700 on fine-free adult library cards. 2347 02:08:02,733 --> 02:08:04,933 Kids cards cannot be used for this. 2348 02:08:04,966 --> 02:08:07,200 Cards for teens cannot be used for this. 2349 02:08:07,233 --> 02:08:10,433 And if anyone has any money on their library card now, 2350 02:08:10,466 --> 02:08:11,933 you will be asked to make a payment 2351 02:08:11,966 --> 02:08:14,933 and clear the balance completely once we go upstairs. 2352 02:08:14,966 --> 02:08:16,033 If you can't do that, 2353 02:08:16,066 --> 02:08:17,033 then we cannot check out the device. 2354 02:08:17,066 --> 02:08:19,833 Please have your library cards ready, 2355 02:08:19,866 --> 02:08:22,433 and we will proceed to the first floor for checkout. 2356 02:08:22,466 --> 02:08:25,733 I've only ever read the first one, 2357 02:08:25,766 --> 02:08:28,400 which is The Wonderful Wizard of Oz. 2358 02:08:28,433 --> 02:08:29,476 That's what the movie's based on, 2359 02:08:29,500 --> 02:08:30,633 it's based on that book. 2360 02:08:30,666 --> 02:08:32,500 But that's just the first one. 2361 02:08:32,533 --> 02:08:34,283 And then there's 2362 02:08:34,284 --> 02:08:36,033 Th e Marvelous Land of Oz, 2363 02:08:36,066 --> 02:08:37,700 Ozma of Oz, 2364 02:08:37,701 --> 02:08:39,333 Dorothy and the Wizard in Oz, 2365 02:08:39,366 --> 02:08:41,766 - The Road to Oz, - Th   e Emerald City of Oz, 2366 02:08:41,800 --> 02:08:42,766 The Patchwork Girl. 2367 02:08:42,800 --> 02:08:43,942 Like, and then it starts talking 2368 02:08:43,966 --> 02:08:46,033 about specific characters. Uh-huh. 2369 02:08:46,066 --> 02:08:48,466 Um... 2370 02:08:48,500 --> 02:08:51,400 Yeah, The Scarecrow of Oz. 2371 02:08:51,433 --> 02:08:52,976 - Yeah, that's a whole series. - Yeah, that's a whole series. 2372 02:08:53,000 --> 02:08:56,033 But I can put Glenda on hold for you. 2373 02:08:56,066 --> 02:08:56,966 Do you want me to do that? 2374 02:08:57,000 --> 02:08:57,733 Yes, please. 2375 02:08:57,766 --> 02:08:58,766 Okay. 2376 02:09:15,200 --> 02:09:19,333 This is for November 27, 2016. 2377 02:09:19,366 --> 02:09:22,700 Okay. 2378 02:09:25,200 --> 02:09:28,566 Okay, we keep the survey here. 2379 02:09:28,600 --> 02:09:30,142 And you are good to go. Congratulations. 2380 02:09:30,166 --> 02:09:31,333 Thank you. Have a good day. 2381 02:09:31,366 --> 02:09:33,266 You too, have a good one. 2382 02:09:33,300 --> 02:09:34,533 Next in line step down. 2383 02:09:34,566 --> 02:09:36,533 Sure. 2384 02:09:38,400 --> 02:09:39,666 Okay, yes. 2385 02:09:42,100 --> 02:09:43,833 Celebrate good times, come on 2386 02:09:46,233 --> 02:09:48,366 Let's have some solos. 2387 02:09:48,400 --> 02:09:49,700 Tina. 2388 02:09:49,733 --> 02:09:50,833 Go, yes. 2389 02:09:50,866 --> 02:09:52,200 Celebrate good times, come on 2390 02:09:52,233 --> 02:09:54,766 Little solo. 2391 02:09:54,800 --> 02:09:57,566 There's a party goin' on right here 2392 02:09:57,600 --> 02:09:58,666 Cheer her on. 2393 02:09:58,700 --> 02:09:59,700 Tina. 2394 02:09:59,733 --> 02:10:01,100 Celebration 2395 02:10:01,133 --> 02:10:02,333 Fabulous. 2396 02:10:02,366 --> 02:10:03,633 Go Amina. 2397 02:10:03,666 --> 02:10:05,433 Amina. 2398 02:10:05,466 --> 02:10:07,433 And your laughter too 2399 02:10:07,466 --> 02:10:09,300 We're gonna celebrate your party with you 2400 02:10:09,333 --> 02:10:10,700 Go Amina. 2401 02:10:10,733 --> 02:10:12,833 Fabulous, go Amina. 2402 02:10:12,866 --> 02:10:15,000 Let's close it in a little. 2403 02:10:15,033 --> 02:10:16,433 Close it, close. 2404 02:10:16,466 --> 02:10:18,066 Let's all celebrate and have a good time 2405 02:10:18,100 --> 02:10:19,000 Good. 2406 02:10:19,033 --> 02:10:20,233 Go Bodie. 2407 02:10:20,266 --> 02:10:22,433 Celebration Fabulous. 2408 02:10:22,466 --> 02:10:23,733 Go Bodie. 2409 02:10:23,766 --> 02:10:27,866 We're gonna celebrate and have a good time 2410 02:10:27,900 --> 02:10:31,800 It's time to come together 2411 02:10:31,833 --> 02:10:35,200 It's up to you... Let's have Millie and Liz. 2412 02:10:35,233 --> 02:10:36,433 Millie and Liz join. 2413 02:10:36,466 --> 02:10:37,466 Millie. 2414 02:10:37,500 --> 02:10:38,666 Come in Liz. 2415 02:10:38,700 --> 02:10:39,800 You'll find her. 2416 02:10:42,166 --> 02:10:43,566 Nice, nice. 2417 02:10:43,600 --> 02:10:45,400 I love the movement of Liz's legs. 2418 02:10:45,433 --> 02:10:46,733 Did you see that? 2419 02:10:46,766 --> 02:10:49,166 Look at Millie's stretched out legs. 2420 02:10:49,200 --> 02:10:51,200 Let's go easy. 2421 02:10:51,233 --> 02:10:53,000 Let's go. 2422 02:10:53,033 --> 02:10:54,066 Margalit. 2423 02:10:54,100 --> 02:10:55,700 Come on, take center. 2424 02:11:10,700 --> 02:11:12,800 That's right. 2425 02:11:12,833 --> 02:11:14,076 Just have to enter in the information 2426 02:11:14,100 --> 02:11:16,600 and then try it out and see what happens. 2427 02:11:16,633 --> 02:11:19,033 Right here... 2428 02:11:26,933 --> 02:11:29,233 Hey, hey. Julius, 2429 02:11:29,266 --> 02:11:32,666 if you're holding on to the robots to stop it from moving, 2430 02:11:32,700 --> 02:11:34,800 then that means you need to change something 2431 02:11:34,833 --> 02:11:36,033 on the computer. 2432 02:11:36,066 --> 02:11:38,433 This number? 2433 02:11:41,800 --> 02:11:44,400 Click the green "Run" button. 2434 02:11:46,666 --> 02:11:47,800 It was... ah! 2435 02:11:47,833 --> 02:11:50,200 I'll just click... 2436 02:11:50,233 --> 02:11:51,266 Um... 2437 02:11:51,300 --> 02:11:53,000 See how this is kind of moving? 2438 02:11:53,001 --> 02:11:54,700 See how this is kind of moving? 2439 02:11:54,733 --> 02:11:55,800 Can you think of a way 2440 02:11:55,833 --> 02:11:57,866 that maybe you could make it more stable? 2441 02:11:57,900 --> 02:12:01,233 Five, four, three, two... 2442 02:12:03,233 --> 02:12:05,166 Oh, oh, oh! 2443 02:12:07,600 --> 02:12:09,300 Oh, oh! 2444 02:12:09,333 --> 02:12:11,700 So how many coding blocks did I have? 2445 02:12:11,733 --> 02:12:13,366 Five. That's right. 2446 02:12:13,400 --> 02:12:16,966 Now, do you have to make yours exactly the same as mine? 2447 02:12:17,000 --> 02:12:18,833 You don't. 2448 02:12:18,866 --> 02:12:20,933 But just remember that for each action 2449 02:12:20,966 --> 02:12:22,933 that you want this robot to do, 2450 02:12:22,966 --> 02:12:25,866 you have to add another coding block. 2451 02:12:25,900 --> 02:12:28,666 So you keep experimenting 2452 02:12:28,700 --> 02:12:30,800 until it works the way that you want it. 2453 02:12:30,833 --> 02:12:32,866 Please don't twist 2454 02:12:32,900 --> 02:12:34,800 Oh, I told you. 2455 02:12:34,833 --> 02:12:35,966 Please don't twist. 2456 02:12:36,000 --> 02:12:37,500 Oh, oh! 2457 02:12:37,533 --> 02:12:39,200 Anyway, it still didn't go over... 2458 02:12:39,233 --> 02:12:40,966 I mean, that's good, though. 2459 02:12:41,000 --> 02:12:43,233 That's good. 2460 02:12:43,266 --> 02:12:45,433 Yeah. Noah. 2461 02:12:45,466 --> 02:12:46,166 Yeah. 2462 02:12:46,200 --> 02:12:47,366 You did best. 2463 02:12:47,400 --> 02:12:48,300 Yeah, I did something. That's so cool. 2464 02:12:48,333 --> 02:12:49,900 Is it perfect? 2465 02:12:49,933 --> 02:12:51,133 - Yes. - Okay. 2466 02:13:15,900 --> 02:13:18,800 Welcome, everyone, to the celebration 2467 02:13:18,833 --> 02:13:22,633 of the 90th anniversary of the Schomburg Center. 2468 02:13:22,666 --> 02:13:26,533 It really is wonderful to have you all here this evening. 2469 02:13:26,566 --> 02:13:27,533 Thank you. 2470 02:13:27,566 --> 02:13:29,266 Thank you to the Schomburg. 2471 02:13:29,300 --> 02:13:32,966 Thank you for all the amazing work we all do together 2472 02:13:33,000 --> 02:13:35,700 as New Yorkers, as lovers of the library, 2473 02:13:35,733 --> 02:13:38,800 as all of us aspire to a world 2474 02:13:38,833 --> 02:13:42,600 of continued creativity and inspiration 2475 02:13:42,633 --> 02:13:45,366 drawn from the Schomburg and all of the collections 2476 02:13:45,400 --> 02:13:47,500 and work of the library. 2477 02:13:47,533 --> 02:13:50,100 Leading that effort at the Schomburg 2478 02:13:50,133 --> 02:13:54,100 is our amazing director, Khalil Gibran Muhammad. 2479 02:14:01,733 --> 02:14:03,166 And there he is. 2480 02:14:03,200 --> 02:14:05,500 And he'll tell us more about the important work 2481 02:14:05,533 --> 02:14:07,633 being carried out at the Schomburg 2482 02:14:07,666 --> 02:14:09,633 and the great history of the Schomburg 2483 02:14:09,666 --> 02:14:12,500 as we celebrate the 90th anniversary. 2484 02:14:12,533 --> 02:14:13,866 Over to you, Khalil. 2485 02:14:13,900 --> 02:14:15,133 Thank you. 2486 02:14:15,166 --> 02:14:18,100 I've work with and met some spectacular people 2487 02:14:18,133 --> 02:14:20,166 over the past several years. 2488 02:14:20,200 --> 02:14:23,666 People who are talented, creative, and passionate 2489 02:14:23,700 --> 02:14:25,066 about the Schomburg. 2490 02:14:25,100 --> 02:14:30,966 People whose words make the world kinder and gentler. 2491 02:14:31,000 --> 02:14:34,466 What I took for granted is the importance 2492 02:14:34,500 --> 02:14:39,033 and significance of the public value of what we do. 2493 02:14:39,066 --> 02:14:43,333 Of what our curators, archivists, librarians, 2494 02:14:43,366 --> 02:14:46,900 educators, and all the staff do, 2495 02:14:46,933 --> 02:14:50,133 of what our supporters and donors do. 2496 02:14:50,166 --> 02:14:52,200 We do mind building, soul affirming, 2497 02:14:52,201 --> 02:14:54,233 We do mind building, soul affirming, 2498 02:14:54,266 --> 02:14:56,000 and surely more than we can ever measure 2499 02:14:56,033 --> 02:15:01,266 or put in an annual report, lifesaving work. 2500 02:15:01,300 --> 02:15:04,000 Toni Morrison once said in this building, 2501 02:15:04,033 --> 02:15:06,800 that libraries are the pillars of our democracy. 2502 02:15:06,833 --> 02:15:11,600 Maya Angelou sat on the Langston Hughes Stage 2503 02:15:11,633 --> 02:15:13,200 of the Schomburg Center 2504 02:15:13,233 --> 02:15:16,933 and called them "Rainbows in the clouds." 2505 02:15:16,966 --> 02:15:20,433 These are not just inspirational metaphors. 2506 02:15:20,466 --> 02:15:22,666 I've seen the lightbulbs turn on 2507 02:15:22,700 --> 02:15:27,033 behind the eyes of a ten-year-old junior scholar. 2508 02:15:27,066 --> 02:15:29,966 I've listened to the octogenarian volunteer 2509 02:15:30,000 --> 02:15:33,633 tell me that, in our building, 2510 02:15:33,666 --> 02:15:37,933 being there helps her keep on keeping on. 2511 02:15:37,966 --> 02:15:39,666 I've greeted hundreds of academics 2512 02:15:39,700 --> 02:15:41,300 in our reading rooms, 2513 02:15:41,333 --> 02:15:44,100 and dozens and dozens of campuses across the nation, 2514 02:15:44,133 --> 02:15:48,833 who said it is hard to imagine what their careers would be, 2515 02:15:48,866 --> 02:15:52,866 but for the rich collections of the Schomburg archives. 2516 02:15:52,900 --> 02:15:56,600 There is nothing in the world more powerful 2517 02:15:56,633 --> 02:16:01,366 than to watch a history maker look back at her own legacy, 2518 02:16:01,400 --> 02:16:04,133 to touch his own past, 2519 02:16:04,166 --> 02:16:06,966 as I observed when Congressman John Lewis 2520 02:16:07,000 --> 02:16:09,166 held in his brave hands 2521 02:16:09,200 --> 02:16:12,066 the second meeting notes of SNCC, 2522 02:16:12,100 --> 02:16:14,600 the Student Nonviolent Coordinating Committee, 2523 02:16:14,633 --> 02:16:16,966 from October of 1960, 2524 02:16:17,000 --> 02:16:20,000 housed in our Ella Baker Archives. 2525 02:16:20,033 --> 02:16:24,966 We should all be so fortunate to make some necessary trouble, 2526 02:16:25,000 --> 02:16:27,766 as Congressman Lewis always says 2527 02:16:27,800 --> 02:16:30,500 of his civil rights past. 2528 02:16:30,533 --> 02:16:33,266 And to have that trouble preserved 2529 02:16:33,300 --> 02:16:36,700 so that future generations will learn, 2530 02:16:36,733 --> 02:16:39,533 and, when necessary, be prepared to do the same. 2531 02:16:39,566 --> 02:16:42,266 It isn't an accident 2532 02:16:42,300 --> 02:16:45,133 that leaders of the NAACP and the Urban League 2533 02:16:45,166 --> 02:16:49,333 appealed to the Carnegie Corporation 90 years ago 2534 02:16:49,366 --> 02:16:52,333 to purchase Arturo Schomburg's collection. 2535 02:16:52,366 --> 02:16:56,033 Or that civil rights researchers turned to our collections 2536 02:16:56,066 --> 02:16:58,250 to argue and build a case for 2537 02:16:58,251 --> 02:17:00,433 Br own v. Board of Education. 2538 02:17:00,466 --> 02:17:02,700 Their intention and our mission 2539 02:17:02,733 --> 02:17:06,200 remain as relevant and true to this day. 2540 02:17:06,233 --> 02:17:08,233 And through national partnerships 2541 02:17:08,266 --> 02:17:10,000 and digital initiatives, 2542 02:17:10,033 --> 02:17:12,833 we'll reach more people than ever before. 2543 02:17:19,333 --> 02:17:20,966 How much is the book? 2544 02:17:21,000 --> 02:17:23,700 Ten dollars, autographed copy. 2545 02:17:23,733 --> 02:17:25,633 I'll sign it for you personally. 2546 02:17:43,566 --> 02:17:45,666 Here we go, we're going to go, 2547 02:17:45,700 --> 02:17:50,166 Old McDonald had a farm, E-I-E-I-O 2548 02:17:50,200 --> 02:17:52,800 And on that farm he had a wife, E-I-E-I-O. 2549 02:17:52,801 --> 02:17:55,400 And on that farm he had a wife, E-I-E-I-O. 2550 02:17:55,433 --> 02:17:58,266 With a kiss, kiss here and a kiss, kiss there 2551 02:17:58,300 --> 02:18:01,033 Here a kiss, there a kiss, everywhere a kiss, kiss 2552 02:18:01,066 --> 02:18:06,500 Old McDonald had a farm E-I-E-I-O 2553 02:18:06,533 --> 02:18:11,866 And on that farm he had a dog, E-I-E-I-O 2554 02:18:11,900 --> 02:18:14,866 With a woof, woof here and a woof, woof there 2555 02:18:14,900 --> 02:18:17,800 Here a woof, there a woof, everywhere a woof, woof 2556 02:18:17,833 --> 02:18:20,800 Old McDonald had a farm 2557 02:19:52,233 --> 02:19:54,733 On to homeless patrons. 2558 02:19:54,766 --> 02:19:58,633 Everyone recognizes the problem seems to be increasing. 2559 02:19:58,666 --> 02:20:00,133 Yeah. 2560 02:20:00,166 --> 02:20:03,000 Everyone recognizes that the library has a responsibility 2561 02:20:03,033 --> 02:20:06,966 to serve all patrons and to be welcoming, 2562 02:20:07,000 --> 02:20:09,066 but there is sometimes a tension 2563 02:20:09,100 --> 02:20:11,600 between what one kind of patron needs 2564 02:20:11,633 --> 02:20:13,433 and what another kind of patron needs. 2565 02:20:13,466 --> 02:20:16,733 And so lines have to be drawn about, you know, 2566 02:20:16,766 --> 02:20:19,933 how do we accommodate people together 2567 02:20:19,966 --> 02:20:21,633 who may not always want to be together 2568 02:20:21,666 --> 02:20:23,600 and be respectful of everyone. 2569 02:20:23,633 --> 02:20:25,066 And then there was the question 2570 02:20:25,100 --> 02:20:28,633 of what is the appropriate role of the library, 2571 02:20:28,666 --> 02:20:32,466 not just as welcoming space for everyone, 2572 02:20:32,500 --> 02:20:35,566 but, you know, where should we be intervening 2573 02:20:35,600 --> 02:20:39,033 in social policy around the homeless... Right. 2574 02:20:39,066 --> 02:20:42,066 As versus where should we be relying on the city, 2575 02:20:42,100 --> 02:20:43,200 other private agencies 2576 02:20:43,233 --> 02:20:45,633 that are expert and engaged in this 2577 02:20:45,666 --> 02:20:48,533 as we all face this problem. 2578 02:20:48,566 --> 02:20:51,833 We have a policy that talks about 2579 02:20:51,866 --> 02:20:55,276 - how users have to comport themselves in the library. 2580 02:20:55,300 --> 02:20:58,033 And so it would embrace most of this conduct, 2581 02:20:58,066 --> 02:20:59,700 and we may have to revisit that. 2582 02:20:59,733 --> 02:21:02,866 I don't know if we want to give more flexibility or less. 2583 02:21:02,900 --> 02:21:04,600 So if you don't do certain things, 2584 02:21:04,633 --> 02:21:06,666 like if you come in and sleep, 2585 02:21:06,700 --> 02:21:09,133 you could literally be asked to leave. 2586 02:21:09,166 --> 02:21:12,100 You aren't allowed to just come into the library and sleep. 2587 02:21:12,133 --> 02:21:13,466 So the barring policy, 2588 02:21:13,500 --> 02:21:15,666 which can lead to your being barred from the library 2589 02:21:15,700 --> 02:21:16,766 for periods of time. 2590 02:21:16,800 --> 02:21:19,133 So that is also part 2591 02:21:19,166 --> 02:21:20,866 of this discussion. 2592 02:21:20,900 --> 02:21:23,333 I am not an expert at this topic, 2593 02:21:23,366 --> 02:21:24,709 but I've been a New Yorker my whole life, 2594 02:21:24,733 --> 02:21:26,800 and one of the things that you notice is, you know, 2595 02:21:26,833 --> 02:21:30,666 the way in which we who are not homeless 2596 02:21:30,700 --> 02:21:32,500 keep our distance from the homeless. 2597 02:21:32,533 --> 02:21:33,866 And in the libraries is a place 2598 02:21:33,900 --> 02:21:36,033 where we don't keep our distance. 2599 02:21:36,066 --> 02:21:39,433 And I do believe that as much as we need rules, 2600 02:21:39,466 --> 02:21:42,300 and as much as we need institutions, 2601 02:21:42,333 --> 02:21:45,900 in the end we need a change of culture in this town 2602 02:21:45,933 --> 02:21:47,733 that says, you know, 2603 02:21:47,766 --> 02:21:49,833 "There may be people who are scary, 2604 02:21:49,866 --> 02:21:53,133 "but there're all other people who we should just be helping, 2605 02:21:53,166 --> 02:21:55,700 right, as regulars in our neighborhood." 2606 02:21:55,733 --> 02:21:57,766 But you... And I don't know how to do that, right? 2607 02:21:57,800 --> 02:22:00,066 You know, the mayor's made this commitment 2608 02:22:00,100 --> 02:22:03,533 that he's going to deal with the homelessness issue, 2609 02:22:03,566 --> 02:22:05,533 and he's put $100 million toward that goal. 2610 02:22:05,566 --> 02:22:07,233 Right, yeah, no, I know. 2611 02:22:07,266 --> 02:22:09,833 I think that they're developing a plan to be able to do it. 2612 02:22:20,000 --> 02:22:22,900 And we house in this room three collections. 2613 02:22:22,933 --> 02:22:25,766 The Print Collection, the Photo Collection, 2614 02:22:25,800 --> 02:22:27,133 and the Spencer Collection. 2615 02:22:27,166 --> 02:22:28,266 The Print Collection, 2616 02:22:28,300 --> 02:22:32,000 we have around 300,000 to 250,000 prints. 2617 02:22:32,033 --> 02:22:33,400 And in our Photographic Collection, 2618 02:22:33,433 --> 02:22:35,200 we have a half a million photographs. 2619 02:22:35,233 --> 02:22:37,733 And this present collection that is 2620 02:22:37,766 --> 02:22:39,509 about illustrated books, European manuscripts, 2621 02:22:39,533 --> 02:22:40,500 we have around 15,000. 2622 02:22:40,533 --> 02:22:45,800 We have prints from around the world. 2623 02:22:45,833 --> 02:22:48,566 But here, we have almost, the... 2624 02:22:48,600 --> 02:22:51,100 I can say the history of the European printmaking. 2625 02:22:51,133 --> 02:22:56,466 Everything is started with printmaking around the 1400s. 2626 02:22:56,500 --> 02:22:59,200 There are some samples, early samples from the 1300s, 2627 02:22:59,233 --> 02:23:01,733 but, um, what I decided to do 2628 02:23:01,766 --> 02:23:03,400 is to show you some of the highlights. 2629 02:23:03,433 --> 02:23:06,700 The first print is Albert Duürer, 2630 02:23:06,733 --> 02:23:08,042 - and it's called - Th e Rhinoceros. 2631 02:23:08,066 --> 02:23:10,500 Duürer used to sell these outside 2632 02:23:10,533 --> 02:23:13,500 of the Sundays church with his wife. 2633 02:23:13,533 --> 02:23:15,933 This is a kind of newspaper 2634 02:23:15,966 --> 02:23:17,666 from the time, 1515. 2635 02:23:17,700 --> 02:23:23,200 It's telling a story about the king of Portugal 2636 02:23:23,233 --> 02:23:26,566 receiving a rhinoceros. 2637 02:23:26,600 --> 02:23:29,400 In 1515, a rhinoceros, 2638 02:23:29,433 --> 02:23:32,833 the Europeans at that point haven't see a rhinoceros. 2639 02:23:32,866 --> 02:23:35,700 Last time they saw was in the Roman Empire. 2640 02:23:35,733 --> 02:23:40,966 And that rhinoceros arrived to, uh, to Lisbon, 2641 02:23:41,000 --> 02:23:45,700 and after that the King Manuel decided to send this rhinoceros 2642 02:23:45,733 --> 02:23:47,166 to the pope. 2643 02:23:47,200 --> 02:23:48,833 Real thing. 2644 02:23:48,866 --> 02:23:51,650 But when the rhinoceros was going to Rome, 2645 02:23:51,651 --> 02:23:54,433 But when the rhinoceros was going to Rome, 2646 02:23:54,466 --> 02:23:56,133 the ship never arrived. 2647 02:23:56,166 --> 02:23:59,000 There was a very strong storm in the Mediterranean, 2648 02:23:59,033 --> 02:24:01,500 and the rhinoceros die, and there was a wreck. 2649 02:24:01,533 --> 02:24:03,666 Somebody took a note, a sketch. 2650 02:24:03,700 --> 02:24:04,933 Duürer was in Nuremberg, 2651 02:24:04,966 --> 02:24:06,900 and he saw this sketch, 2652 02:24:06,933 --> 02:24:09,200 and he say, "Oh, that's good idea." 2653 02:24:09,233 --> 02:24:10,700 The caption here 2654 02:24:10,733 --> 02:24:13,633 is telling the story of what's happened. 2655 02:24:13,666 --> 02:24:15,366 People were buying these things, 2656 02:24:15,400 --> 02:24:17,433 and what's almost like a today's newspaper. 2657 02:24:17,466 --> 02:24:18,700 They were telling each other. 2658 02:24:18,733 --> 02:24:20,933 Not everybody was able to read. 2659 02:24:20,966 --> 02:24:22,076 Duürer never saw the rhinoceros 2660 02:24:22,100 --> 02:24:24,000 apparently, 2661 02:24:24,033 --> 02:24:27,533 and that kind of plates, that's not really a rhinoceros, 2662 02:24:27,566 --> 02:24:28,666 it looks like, 2663 02:24:28,700 --> 02:24:30,333 but that was one of the popular prints 2664 02:24:30,366 --> 02:24:31,900 about the story of the rhinoceros. 2665 02:24:31,933 --> 02:24:36,800 The next one I'll show you, you know, it's a Rembrandt. 2666 02:24:36,833 --> 02:24:40,366 It's after his wife died, Saskia. 2667 02:24:40,400 --> 02:24:41,500 Before that time, 2668 02:24:41,533 --> 02:24:44,666 he did around 80 self-portraits, 2669 02:24:44,700 --> 02:24:46,433 together with painting and prints. 2670 02:24:46,466 --> 02:24:48,466 This one is after his... 2671 02:24:48,500 --> 02:24:52,433 and you see the print before, he's very joyful, you know, 2672 02:24:52,466 --> 02:24:56,333 wearing fancy clothing, 2673 02:24:56,366 --> 02:25:00,366 but here he's sitting on the window, 2674 02:25:00,400 --> 02:25:04,966 and you see an introspective artist. 2675 02:25:06,433 --> 02:25:10,800 Some people think that this print 2676 02:25:10,833 --> 02:25:12,466 was one of the steps for, 2677 02:25:12,500 --> 02:25:15,033 some historians tell the one of the steps 2678 02:25:15,066 --> 02:25:17,833 for a new style in Rembrandt's career. 2679 02:25:17,866 --> 02:25:20,600 Come on, big smiles. 2680 02:25:26,966 --> 02:25:30,066 61% of the library's expense funding 2681 02:25:30,100 --> 02:25:31,666 comes from public sources, 2682 02:25:31,700 --> 02:25:33,833 the majority of that from the city. 2683 02:25:33,866 --> 02:25:36,133 It's obvious, we want to engage our elected officials, 2684 02:25:36,166 --> 02:25:37,733 we want to engage our community, 2685 02:25:37,766 --> 02:25:39,466 because we want them to fund us. 2686 02:25:39,500 --> 02:25:41,933 And it brings us financial sustainability. 2687 02:25:41,966 --> 02:25:44,100 My good friend, Councilmember Andy King, 2688 02:25:44,133 --> 02:25:46,066 in the Bronx, he likes to say, 2689 02:25:46,100 --> 02:25:48,833 "People pay attention to people who participate." 2690 02:25:48,866 --> 02:25:51,533 Now, think about that. 2691 02:25:51,566 --> 02:25:52,966 Community boards, 2692 02:25:53,000 --> 02:25:55,366 we're going to community boards, telling our story. 2693 02:25:55,400 --> 02:25:57,700 PB, we're going to PB meetings, 2694 02:25:57,733 --> 02:25:59,800 telling our story, pitching projects. 2695 02:25:59,833 --> 02:26:01,333 If we're not participating, 2696 02:26:01,366 --> 02:26:03,533 people are not going to pay attention to us. 2697 02:26:03,566 --> 02:26:06,033 So civic engagement is important. 2698 02:26:06,066 --> 02:26:08,700 Building deeper relationships, what do we do? 2699 02:26:08,733 --> 02:26:10,533 We're out there trying to improve the lives 2700 02:26:10,566 --> 02:26:13,266 of the people and the communities that we serve. 2701 02:26:13,300 --> 02:26:15,133 We're trying to improve their lives. 2702 02:26:15,166 --> 02:26:17,633 Now, how could we not engage with them? 2703 02:26:17,666 --> 02:26:19,833 How could we not try to build deeper relationships, 2704 02:26:19,866 --> 02:26:22,133 whether it's with an individual in the branch 2705 02:26:22,166 --> 02:26:24,266 or with a community-based organization? 2706 02:26:24,300 --> 02:26:27,133 This is a relationship that we have with our community, 2707 02:26:27,166 --> 02:26:29,866 and we need to build those relationships 2708 02:26:29,900 --> 02:26:31,700 as deeply as we can. 2709 02:26:31,733 --> 02:26:34,000 To me, the biggest practical thing 2710 02:26:34,033 --> 02:26:37,633 to help us about understanding community engagement 2711 02:26:37,666 --> 02:26:39,500 and really helping you guys understand 2712 02:26:39,533 --> 02:26:42,900 is to do away with that feeling of, like, 2713 02:26:42,933 --> 02:26:44,733 "Oh my gosh, another thing. 2714 02:26:44,766 --> 02:26:46,533 Oh my gosh, another thing." 2715 02:26:46,566 --> 02:26:48,033 It's all connected. 2716 02:26:48,066 --> 02:26:51,500 Summer reading is community engagement and advocacy. 2717 02:26:51,533 --> 02:26:55,042 - Any program you do is community engagement and advocacy. 2718 02:26:55,066 --> 02:26:57,533 Anytime you bring in an author or an elected. 2719 02:26:57,566 --> 02:26:59,766 Every time you go to a community board, 2720 02:26:59,800 --> 02:27:01,700 a participatory budgeting meeting, 2721 02:27:01,733 --> 02:27:04,733 literally everything we do, because it's for the community 2722 02:27:04,766 --> 02:27:06,033 is community engagement, 2723 02:27:06,066 --> 02:27:08,766 and we really have to maximize those opportunities. 2724 02:27:08,800 --> 02:27:10,466 So what we're hoping is that 2725 02:27:10,500 --> 02:27:12,766 the more we help you understand the big picture 2726 02:27:12,800 --> 02:27:14,266 and connect those dots, 2727 02:27:14,300 --> 02:27:16,633 it's hard to connect the dots here in NYPL right? 2728 02:27:16,666 --> 02:27:18,333 Because you're split up by branch. 2729 02:27:18,366 --> 02:27:19,409 You're split up by network. 2730 02:27:19,433 --> 02:27:20,400 You're split up by borough. 2731 02:27:20,433 --> 02:27:21,866 You're split up by department. 2732 02:27:21,900 --> 02:27:23,200 Some of us are out in the Bronx. 2733 02:27:23,233 --> 02:27:25,100 Some of us are at 39th Street. 2734 02:27:25,133 --> 02:27:27,000 Some of us are never in our offices. 2735 02:27:27,033 --> 02:27:29,300 Some of us are always in our offices, 2736 02:27:29,333 --> 02:27:31,466 but we're all doing the same work 2737 02:27:31,500 --> 02:27:32,733 and so that feeling of, 2738 02:27:32,766 --> 02:27:34,242 "Oh, crap, letter writing is starting, 2739 02:27:34,266 --> 02:27:36,866 "but my summer reading kickoff is starting 2740 02:27:36,900 --> 02:27:39,533 and I have someone out on AL." 2741 02:27:39,566 --> 02:27:41,933 Like, that's the reality of your job, right? 2742 02:27:41,966 --> 02:27:44,633 But the more that we understand the budget cycle, 2743 02:27:44,666 --> 02:27:46,100 the community engagement cycle, 2744 02:27:46,133 --> 02:27:49,100 and the more we understand that it's year-round, 2745 02:27:49,133 --> 02:27:51,633 the better off we are, and the easier the lift feels. 2746 02:27:51,666 --> 02:27:53,833 We did it, we got all this money, 2747 02:27:53,866 --> 02:27:55,776 and now we're having to do the work to support it, 2748 02:27:55,800 --> 02:27:57,733 but it's gonna start again. 2749 02:27:57,766 --> 02:27:58,766 You know? 2750 02:27:58,800 --> 02:28:00,000 What does Iris always tell us? 2751 02:28:00,033 --> 02:28:01,366 "The budget wasn't baselined," 2752 02:28:01,400 --> 02:28:02,742 and then we all start to pull out our hair 2753 02:28:02,766 --> 02:28:04,533 and grumble about the page budget, 2754 02:28:04,566 --> 02:28:05,966 and so that's just our work. 2755 02:28:06,000 --> 02:28:08,000 We always have to prove that we're relevant. 2756 02:28:08,033 --> 02:28:10,466 We always have to go back to the drawing board 2757 02:28:10,500 --> 02:28:12,600 and prove that we're relevant every single day, 2758 02:28:12,633 --> 02:28:15,033 every single season, but we are winners. 2759 02:28:15,066 --> 02:28:16,366 All we do is win. 2760 02:28:16,400 --> 02:28:18,333 All those other agencies want to learn from us, 2761 02:28:18,366 --> 02:28:19,833 because we did it, right? 2762 02:28:19,866 --> 02:28:21,100 We're taking the lead. 2763 02:28:21,133 --> 02:28:23,000 We're working with our sister systems 2764 02:28:23,033 --> 02:28:25,033 in Brooklyn and Queens, 2765 02:28:25,066 --> 02:28:26,833 but we're taking the lead, you guys. 2766 02:28:26,866 --> 02:28:28,633 And that is all you. 2767 02:28:45,333 --> 02:28:46,833 Susan, there was a little pop 2768 02:28:46,866 --> 02:28:48,233 of this light. 2769 02:28:48,266 --> 02:28:49,766 It's very subtle, early on. 2770 02:28:49,800 --> 02:28:50,700 I heard it back. 2771 02:28:50,733 --> 02:28:52,100 I think I can get it, 2772 02:28:52,133 --> 02:28:54,033 I can get it in post, yeah. 2773 02:28:54,066 --> 02:28:55,900 It was pretty faint. 2774 02:28:55,933 --> 02:28:57,300 All right, stand by. 2775 02:28:59,166 --> 02:29:01,433 "Presently he came back with the telephone directory, 2776 02:29:01,466 --> 02:29:05,033 "holding it like a bible, smiling tenderly. 2777 02:29:05,066 --> 02:29:08,400 "And while he was gazing at her long drooping lashes, 2778 02:29:08,433 --> 02:29:09,966 "Margot sped through the R's 2779 02:29:10,000 --> 02:29:13,833 "and found Albinus's address and his telephone number. 2780 02:29:13,866 --> 02:29:17,933 "Then she quietly closed the well-thumbed blue volume. 2781 02:29:17,966 --> 02:29:22,233 "'Take off your coat, ' murmured Albinus. 2782 02:29:22,266 --> 02:29:23,800 "Without bothering to stand up, 2783 02:29:23,833 --> 02:29:25,900 "she began to wriggle out of the sleeves, 2784 02:29:25,933 --> 02:29:28,333 "inclining her pretty neck and thrusting forward 2785 02:29:28,366 --> 02:29:31,600 "first the right and then the left shoulder. 2786 02:29:31,633 --> 02:29:35,566 "As Albinus helped her, he caught a hot whiff of violets 2787 02:29:35,600 --> 02:29:37,766 "and saw her shoulder blades move, 2788 02:29:37,800 --> 02:29:39,566 "and the sallow skin between them 2789 02:29:39,600 --> 02:29:42,600 "ripple and smooth out again. 2790 02:29:42,633 --> 02:29:44,233 "Then she took off her hat, 2791 02:29:44,266 --> 02:29:46,500 "peered into her pocket mirror 2792 02:29:46,533 --> 02:29:48,000 "and, wetting her forefinger, 2793 02:29:48,033 --> 02:29:49,966 tapped the black lovelocks on her temples." 2794 02:29:50,000 --> 02:29:52,376 - Uh, let's take that pocket mirror. - Uh, let's take that pocket mirror. 2795 02:29:52,400 --> 02:29:54,900 Mm-hmm. 2796 02:29:54,933 --> 02:29:56,566 "Then she took off her hat, 2797 02:29:56,600 --> 02:29:58,500 "peered into her pocket mirror, 2798 02:29:58,533 --> 02:30:00,300 "and, wetting her forefinger, 2799 02:30:00,333 --> 02:30:02,566 "tapped the black lovelocks on her temples. 2800 02:30:02,600 --> 02:30:04,600 "Albinus sat down beside her 2801 02:30:04,633 --> 02:30:06,566 "and looked and looked at that face 2802 02:30:06,600 --> 02:30:09,200 "in which everything was so charming... 2803 02:30:09,233 --> 02:30:10,700 "the burning cheeks, 2804 02:30:10,733 --> 02:30:13,533 "the lips glistening from the cherry brandy, 2805 02:30:13,566 --> 02:30:17,200 "the childish solemnity, the long hazel eyes, 2806 02:30:17,233 --> 02:30:18,766 "and the small, downy mole 2807 02:30:18,800 --> 02:30:22,966 "on the soft curve just beneath the left one. 2808 02:30:23,000 --> 02:30:26,100 "'If I knew, I should hang for it, ' he thought, 2809 02:30:26,133 --> 02:30:29,666 "'I would still look at her.' 2810 02:30:29,700 --> 02:30:32,833 "Even that vulgar Berlin slang of hers 2811 02:30:32,866 --> 02:30:34,666 "only enhanced the charm of her throaty voice 2812 02:30:34,700 --> 02:30:37,933 "and large white teeth. 2813 02:30:37,966 --> 02:30:39,866 "When laughing, she half closed her eyes, 2814 02:30:39,900 --> 02:30:42,766 "and a dimple danced on her cheek. 2815 02:30:42,800 --> 02:30:47,400 "He pawed at her little hand, but she withdrew it briskly. 2816 02:30:47,433 --> 02:30:51,166 "'You're driving me crazy, ' he said. 2817 02:30:51,200 --> 02:30:53,200 "Margot patted his cuff and said, 2818 02:30:53,233 --> 02:30:56,666 "'Now be a good boy.' 2819 02:30:56,700 --> 02:30:58,700 "His first thought next morning was: 2820 02:30:58,733 --> 02:31:02,233 "it can't go on like this, it just can't. 2821 02:31:02,266 --> 02:31:04,733 "I must get her a room. 2822 02:31:04,766 --> 02:31:06,533 "Curse that aunt. 2823 02:31:06,566 --> 02:31:09,466 "We shall be alone, quite alone. 2824 02:31:09,500 --> 02:31:12,466 "A textbook of love for beginners. 2825 02:31:12,500 --> 02:31:14,933 "Oh, the things I shall teach her. 2826 02:31:14,966 --> 02:31:18,966 "So young, so pure, so maddening. 2827 02:31:19,000 --> 02:31:21,366 "'Are you asleep?' 2828 02:31:21,400 --> 02:31:23,833 "asked Elisabeth softly. 2829 02:31:23,866 --> 02:31:27,500 "He achieved the perfect yawn and opened his eyes. 2830 02:31:27,533 --> 02:31:30,233 Elisabeth was seated in a pale blue nightgown." 2831 02:32:19,600 --> 02:32:23,033 One, two, three, four, okay. 2832 02:32:23,066 --> 02:32:24,933 And these you're going to return also? 2833 02:32:24,966 --> 02:32:26,733 Return these. Okay. 2834 02:32:30,800 --> 02:32:32,266 Hello. 2835 02:32:34,000 --> 02:32:35,033 25 cents. 2836 02:32:38,100 --> 02:32:40,533 Hello. 2837 02:33:24,500 --> 02:33:27,066 Harney thinks that 2838 02:33:27,100 --> 02:33:29,366 if in America the conflict between capital and labor 2839 02:33:29,400 --> 02:33:32,266 is not resolved through a social revolution, 2840 02:33:32,300 --> 02:33:36,266 that what you will end up with in the United States 2841 02:33:36,300 --> 02:33:38,233 is essentially the same class-conflict-ridden 2842 02:33:38,266 --> 02:33:40,000 European situation, 2843 02:33:40,033 --> 02:33:42,966 and, like, we've seen, 2844 02:33:43,000 --> 02:33:46,166 the Americans still think by the 1840s 2845 02:33:46,200 --> 02:33:48,033 that there is such a possibility 2846 02:33:48,066 --> 02:33:51,066 as an alternative future for American capitalism. 2847 02:33:51,100 --> 02:33:53,966 That capital and labor don't have to be at odds. 2848 02:33:54,000 --> 02:33:56,133 That the variable of land 2849 02:33:56,166 --> 02:33:59,266 shows this third way out of this conflict, 2850 02:33:59,300 --> 02:34:01,900 and yet, here is Harney saying, "No, listen." 2851 02:34:01,933 --> 02:34:03,366 "Already this is a problem 2852 02:34:03,400 --> 02:34:05,200 in the United States." 2853 02:34:05,233 --> 02:34:06,666 That famous quote that Marx has is 2854 02:34:06,700 --> 02:34:08,966 that labor cannot be free 2855 02:34:09,000 --> 02:34:11,533 where it's branded in black skin. 2856 02:34:11,566 --> 02:34:14,766 This is specifically in the United States. 2857 02:34:14,800 --> 02:34:18,533 The key here is that Marx is saying, 2858 02:34:18,566 --> 02:34:22,800 if capitalists have the availability 2859 02:34:22,833 --> 02:34:26,866 of both slave labor and free labor, 2860 02:34:26,900 --> 02:34:28,866 free labor can always be undermined, 2861 02:34:28,900 --> 02:34:30,433 and, in fact, it was. 2862 02:34:30,466 --> 02:34:32,800 Because Northerners already were catching up 2863 02:34:32,833 --> 02:34:34,866 to the fact that, you know, 2864 02:34:34,900 --> 02:34:38,666 "There's some black unskilled laborers here in the North, 2865 02:34:38,700 --> 02:34:40,733 "and whenever these workers 2866 02:34:40,766 --> 02:34:42,833 "start striking or demanding things, 2867 02:34:42,866 --> 02:34:47,333 we can just introduce these unskilled people." 2868 02:34:47,366 --> 02:34:50,066 It's just the same principle. 2869 02:34:50,100 --> 02:34:51,666 So Marx is writing, saying, 2870 02:34:51,700 --> 02:34:53,966 look, this is a problem that must be rid of 2871 02:34:54,000 --> 02:34:56,500 if you even want to have a development 2872 02:34:56,533 --> 02:35:00,933 of the political workingman politics in America. 2873 02:35:00,966 --> 02:35:03,700 But, secondly, and this is the deeper argument, 2874 02:35:03,733 --> 02:35:06,266 which I think is quite important today... 2875 02:35:06,300 --> 02:35:12,000 There is a very, very, virulent critique 2876 02:35:12,033 --> 02:35:16,100 of bourgeois society by Southern ideologues 2877 02:35:16,133 --> 02:35:19,666 that would have been getting quite a hearing in the 1840s. 2878 02:35:19,700 --> 02:35:22,900 We know because people like Eric Foner have written about 2879 02:35:22,933 --> 02:35:28,766 how Abraham Lincoln read this stuff pretty regularly 2880 02:35:28,800 --> 02:35:32,400 in the Richmond Inquirer and all of these other publications, 2881 02:35:32,433 --> 02:35:34,933 the Southern ideologues would write to. 2882 02:35:34,966 --> 02:35:37,733 George Fitzhugh, I think I mentioned him last time. 2883 02:35:37,766 --> 02:35:41,700 He's this well-known first American sociologist. 2884 02:35:41,733 --> 02:35:43,033 He's a Southern ideologue. 2885 02:35:43,066 --> 02:35:46,866 He believes that slave society 2886 02:35:46,900 --> 02:35:51,166 is better than a free laboring society. 2887 02:35:51,200 --> 02:35:53,142 - Why? He's got an argument. - Why? He's got an argument. 2888 02:35:53,166 --> 02:35:54,733 It's coherent, and there's a logic. 2889 02:35:54,766 --> 02:35:56,100 Here it is. 2890 02:35:56,133 --> 02:35:57,966 Throughout human history, 2891 02:35:58,000 --> 02:36:00,966 we've always had people who were unfree, 2892 02:36:01,000 --> 02:36:03,466 in order for some to have the liberty 2893 02:36:03,500 --> 02:36:08,400 to think and to act and to engage in politics. 2894 02:36:08,433 --> 02:36:11,400 Throughout time this has been the case. 2895 02:36:11,433 --> 02:36:13,266 Why all of a sudden 2896 02:36:13,300 --> 02:36:16,700 does bourgeois society promise something it cannot accomplish, 2897 02:36:16,733 --> 02:36:18,766 which is the idea that all can participate 2898 02:36:18,800 --> 02:36:20,533 in political activity? 2899 02:36:20,566 --> 02:36:23,900 This is the lie that modern society has. 2900 02:36:23,933 --> 02:36:25,433 That's the problem. 2901 02:36:25,466 --> 02:36:27,733 It's not that there's this class conflict, 2902 02:36:27,766 --> 02:36:30,176 and that you have these people who are demanding things... no. 2903 02:36:30,200 --> 02:36:32,466 You've already lied to them. 2904 02:36:32,500 --> 02:36:35,766 The problem is that what you want isn't possible. 2905 02:36:35,800 --> 02:36:41,233 The idea of a free society is a failure. 2906 02:36:43,333 --> 02:36:45,600 That's a quote. 2907 02:36:45,633 --> 02:36:49,033 He writes this book called 2908 02:36:49,034 --> 02:36:52,433 Slaves Without Masters, 2909 02:36:52,466 --> 02:36:54,833 that essentially... 2910 02:36:56,766 --> 02:36:58,566 Slaves Without Masters is the idea 2911 02:36:58,600 --> 02:37:01,133 of the Northern workingmen for Fitzhugh. 2912 02:37:01,166 --> 02:37:04,366 He says, "Look what happens when slaves have no masters. 2913 02:37:04,400 --> 02:37:06,433 "No one takes care of them. 2914 02:37:06,466 --> 02:37:07,900 "No one feeds them. 2915 02:37:07,933 --> 02:37:10,633 "No one clothes them. 2916 02:37:10,666 --> 02:37:14,966 "We in Southern society have figured out the remedy 2917 02:37:15,000 --> 02:37:17,833 to the conflict of capital and labor." 2918 02:37:17,866 --> 02:37:19,633 And, again, it's articulated in this way. 2919 02:37:19,666 --> 02:37:22,000 John C. Calhoun, also a Southern ideologue, 2920 02:37:22,033 --> 02:37:23,866 same way of thinking about it. 2921 02:37:23,900 --> 02:37:26,766 The problem of capital and labor in America 2922 02:37:26,800 --> 02:37:29,666 is mitigated not by land, they say, 2923 02:37:29,700 --> 02:37:32,000 but by slavery. 2924 02:37:32,033 --> 02:37:36,166 Richard Hofstadter, one of the famous American historians, 2925 02:37:36,200 --> 02:37:38,400 writes a short essay in his very famous book, 2926 02:37:38,433 --> 02:37:40,266 - The American - Political Tradition, 2927 02:37:40,300 --> 02:37:42,133 That compares Fitzhugh. 2928 02:37:42,166 --> 02:37:47,766 He puts "Fitzhugh, the marks of the planter class." 2929 02:37:47,800 --> 02:37:51,633 And what he means by that is that you have here 2930 02:37:51,666 --> 02:37:55,500 a critique of modern bourgeois society. 2931 02:37:55,533 --> 02:37:57,333 You have a critique of labor. 2932 02:37:57,366 --> 02:38:02,433 You have a critique of this supposedly free society, 2933 02:38:02,466 --> 02:38:04,866 but you have a critique from the right. 2934 02:38:04,900 --> 02:38:08,800 One, that as Marx says, "The working people knew," 2935 02:38:08,833 --> 02:38:10,976 this is in his address, and I'm just going to quote it, 2936 02:38:11,000 --> 02:38:12,409 because I know it off the top of my head. 2937 02:38:12,433 --> 02:38:15,500 This is in the address that Marx writes to Lincoln. 2938 02:38:15,533 --> 02:38:17,066 This is the... 2939 02:38:17,100 --> 02:38:19,633 on behalf of the International Workingmen's Association, 2940 02:38:19,666 --> 02:38:21,566 Marx writes a letter to Lincoln. 2941 02:38:21,600 --> 02:38:24,500 And he says, "The workingmen knew, 2942 02:38:24,533 --> 02:38:28,433 "the workingmen knew that when slavery was proposed 2943 02:38:28,466 --> 02:38:32,566 "as the solution to capital and labor, 2944 02:38:32,600 --> 02:38:37,333 "they knew that all of their hard-earned historical gains 2945 02:38:37,366 --> 02:38:40,400 were in jeopardy." 2946 02:38:40,433 --> 02:38:43,600 So, why Marx was supportive of the Republicans, 2947 02:38:43,633 --> 02:38:46,633 because Marx knew 2948 02:38:46,666 --> 02:38:49,783 that the attack of bourgeois society from the right 2949 02:38:49,784 --> 02:38:52,900 that the attack of bourgeois society from the right 2950 02:38:52,933 --> 02:38:55,700 was also an attack on any possibility 2951 02:38:55,733 --> 02:38:58,566 of a workers' revolution. 2952 02:38:58,600 --> 02:39:02,466 Because the workers' revolution, insofar as Marx was concerned, 2953 02:39:02,500 --> 02:39:06,966 was a legacy from the revolutions of 1848. 2954 02:39:07,000 --> 02:39:08,200 It was a task. 2955 02:39:08,233 --> 02:39:10,533 It was something that was received. 2956 02:39:10,566 --> 02:39:12,466 So in this sense, what we have 2957 02:39:12,500 --> 02:39:14,866 is many different responses, essentially, 2958 02:39:14,900 --> 02:39:16,533 to the crisis of the 19th century, right? 2959 02:39:16,566 --> 02:39:17,766 If one end is Karl Marx 2960 02:39:17,800 --> 02:39:20,900 and the other end is Fitzhugh, 2961 02:39:20,933 --> 02:39:22,900 in the middle, and closer to Marx, certainly, 2962 02:39:22,933 --> 02:39:23,900 than Fitzhugh 2963 02:39:23,933 --> 02:39:25,300 is Lincoln. 2964 02:39:25,333 --> 02:39:27,233 Lincoln says, 2965 02:39:27,266 --> 02:39:30,700 "The free society is not and will not be a failure." 2966 02:39:33,200 --> 02:39:36,800 That Lincoln and Marx agree on. 2967 02:39:36,833 --> 02:39:41,633 The definition of that free society, they disagree on. 2968 02:39:41,666 --> 02:39:43,900 Those two groups of people, 2969 02:39:43,933 --> 02:39:48,533 the liberals and the more radical, socialist types, 2970 02:39:48,566 --> 02:39:53,100 have so much more in common than slave planters 2971 02:39:53,133 --> 02:39:57,233 who are arguing that bourgeois society is a lie. 2972 02:40:07,433 --> 02:40:11,300 It's been good for him. 2973 02:40:11,333 --> 02:40:13,966 I mean, I don't get the... 2974 02:40:48,700 --> 02:40:51,400 Let's hear it, New York! 2975 02:41:36,700 --> 02:41:39,000 Genet took these very marginalized people, 2976 02:41:39,033 --> 02:41:45,033 and pimps and thieves and murderers 2977 02:41:45,066 --> 02:41:46,600 and elevated them 2978 02:41:46,633 --> 02:41:49,333 within his pantheon as saints. 2979 02:41:49,366 --> 02:41:51,750 The Thief's Journal is my favorite book of Genet, 2980 02:41:51,751 --> 02:41:54,133 The Thief's Journal is my favorite book of Genet, 2981 02:41:54,166 --> 02:41:55,233 but why I love 2982 02:41:55,234 --> 02:41:56,300 Th e Thief's Journal 2983 02:41:56,333 --> 02:41:58,733 isn't necessarily because of those things. 2984 02:41:58,766 --> 02:41:59,933 Yeah. 2985 02:41:59,966 --> 02:42:05,700 I love it because he takes, 2986 02:42:05,733 --> 02:42:08,500 he writes my kind of memoir. 2987 02:42:08,533 --> 02:42:12,733 It's a memoir, yet it's completely true 2988 02:42:12,766 --> 02:42:16,100 and simultaneously completely false. 2989 02:42:16,133 --> 02:42:19,466 Because that's the kind of guy Genet was. 2990 02:42:19,500 --> 02:42:21,433 But when I say false, 2991 02:42:21,466 --> 02:42:26,966 I mean, that's the part that he transforms truth into art. 2992 02:42:27,000 --> 02:42:28,833 He elevates it as poetry. 2993 02:42:28,866 --> 02:42:32,233 And in this way it's close to what Anselm Kiefer says. 2994 02:42:32,266 --> 02:42:35,600 Yes, and I think that, you know, 2995 02:42:35,633 --> 02:42:37,733 I don't even like reading memoirs. 2996 02:42:37,766 --> 02:42:39,442 People say, "What's your favorite memoirist? 2997 02:42:39,466 --> 02:42:41,366 Whose memoirs do you like?" 2998 02:42:41,400 --> 02:42:43,333 I hardly ever read them. 2999 02:42:43,366 --> 02:42:45,700 I like fiction, really. 3000 02:42:45,733 --> 02:42:48,766 Really strange that I should be writing nonfiction, 3001 02:42:48,800 --> 02:42:50,700 but it just happened. 3002 02:42:50,733 --> 02:42:53,866 But, um... but that's the kind of, 3003 02:42:53,900 --> 02:42:57,800 I was thinking of it and writing this. 3004 02:42:57,833 --> 02:43:00,500 I didn't want to just sit and write an autobiography. 3005 02:43:00,533 --> 02:43:03,566 I wanted to, you know... And you don't. 3006 02:43:03,600 --> 02:43:05,666 Just write about real time, 3007 02:43:05,700 --> 02:43:08,466 which I am living, and the things that are, 3008 02:43:08,500 --> 02:43:10,633 they're the truth of my real time. 3009 02:43:10,666 --> 02:43:12,666 But what is the truth of our real time? 3010 02:43:12,700 --> 02:43:14,533 It contains dreams. 3011 02:43:14,566 --> 02:43:17,766 It contains, you know, spinning off. 3012 02:43:17,800 --> 02:43:21,566 It contains, uh, uh, misinterpretation. 3013 02:43:21,600 --> 02:43:23,633 It contains memory. 3014 02:43:23,666 --> 02:43:29,566 So I was very interested in finding a way 3015 02:43:29,600 --> 02:43:34,533 to braid all of these things together. 3016 02:44:06,066 --> 02:44:08,966 I'm Gerry Oliva, Director of Facilities. 3017 02:44:09,000 --> 02:44:11,666 In the spirit of getting things done, 3018 02:44:11,700 --> 02:44:14,266 Iris actually has been generous the last two years, 3019 02:44:14,300 --> 02:44:17,566 to set up a fund called Fix It Now, 3020 02:44:17,600 --> 02:44:21,700 which sets aside a pot of money for us to take care of items 3021 02:44:21,733 --> 02:44:24,333 that are non-capitally eligible. 3022 02:44:24,366 --> 02:44:26,500 So these can range anything from, you know, 3023 02:44:26,533 --> 02:44:28,566 doing a paint job, replacing doors, 3024 02:44:28,600 --> 02:44:30,866 whatever we need to do in the branches 3025 02:44:30,900 --> 02:44:32,966 to keep things functional so that they look good. 3026 02:44:33,000 --> 02:44:36,700 In FY15, we actually completed 25 projects 3027 02:44:36,733 --> 02:44:38,300 totaling almost a million dollars. 3028 02:44:38,333 --> 02:44:41,700 In fiscal year '16, working with Sites and Services, 3029 02:44:41,733 --> 02:44:46,500 we've identified over 260 projects that need to be done. 3030 02:44:46,533 --> 02:44:47,866 70 of those 3031 02:44:47,900 --> 02:44:50,300 are priority one projects. 3032 02:44:50,333 --> 02:44:52,776 - We completed seven projects to date - We completed seven projects to date 3033 02:44:52,800 --> 02:44:55,133 And spent a little bit over $249,000. 3034 02:44:55,166 --> 02:44:58,100 The projects currently are, 3035 02:44:58,133 --> 02:45:00,400 at Inwood, we did new flooring; 3036 02:45:00,433 --> 02:45:02,433 Cathedral, we did a complete refresh; 3037 02:45:02,466 --> 02:45:03,600 Battery Park City, 3038 02:45:03,633 --> 02:45:06,566 we did a glass-enclosed multipurpose room; 3039 02:45:06,600 --> 02:45:08,433 Hamilton Grange, a new boiler; 3040 02:45:08,466 --> 02:45:10,666 Pelham Bay, new flooring and paint; 3041 02:45:10,700 --> 02:45:13,166 St. George, new computer table; 3042 02:45:13,200 --> 02:45:16,900 and we have 11 additional projects in place. 3043 02:45:16,933 --> 02:45:20,100 We'll continue to work with Sites and Services 3044 02:45:20,133 --> 02:45:23,100 to reprioritize projects as necessary 3045 02:45:23,133 --> 02:45:24,766 and to add projects to the list. 3046 02:45:24,800 --> 02:45:25,933 And as long as 3047 02:45:25,966 --> 02:45:27,066 we have the funding, 3048 02:45:27,100 --> 02:45:28,700 we'll spend it and get it done. 3049 02:45:36,800 --> 02:45:38,933 How can we help circulation? 3050 02:45:38,966 --> 02:45:40,866 Where can we add to it? 3051 02:45:40,900 --> 02:45:42,733 Where would we find an enhancement? 3052 02:45:42,766 --> 02:45:45,533 Um, and Melissa rightfully pointed out 3053 02:45:45,566 --> 02:45:48,000 that in the ebook category, 3054 02:45:48,033 --> 02:45:51,600 the waits are enormous to get our ebooks, 3055 02:45:51,633 --> 02:45:53,600 particularly the popular novels. 3056 02:45:53,633 --> 02:45:55,033 Um, and so... 3057 02:45:55,066 --> 02:45:56,700 More so than in-print books? 3058 02:45:56,733 --> 02:45:58,400 More, yes, yes. 3059 02:45:58,433 --> 02:46:00,900 The backlog is, she said, 3060 02:46:00,933 --> 02:46:02,933 I think almost like four or five months to get. 3061 02:46:02,966 --> 02:46:04,033 Yes, it's terrible. 3062 02:46:04,066 --> 02:46:05,300 It's terrible. 3063 02:46:05,333 --> 02:46:07,500 If one of the ways you want to spend these funds, 3064 02:46:07,533 --> 02:46:08,833 which has to be in accord 3065 02:46:08,866 --> 02:46:11,333 both what we need to do... And... 3066 02:46:11,366 --> 02:46:14,133 and what the city wants us to do with the city's money, 3067 02:46:14,166 --> 02:46:17,066 um, I'd like to see the analysis 3068 02:46:17,100 --> 02:46:20,000 of ebook borrowing, physical borrowing, 3069 02:46:20,033 --> 02:46:22,200 and whether more money in... 3070 02:46:22,233 --> 02:46:23,966 you know, what the bang for the buck is, 3071 02:46:24,000 --> 02:46:25,933 and more money into either of those. 3072 02:46:25,966 --> 02:46:27,633 Ebooks are growing 3073 02:46:27,666 --> 02:46:28,966 at about 300% of circulation, 3074 02:46:29,000 --> 02:46:31,333 and we know that circ in our libraries, 3075 02:46:31,366 --> 02:46:34,566 physical circ is not growing at 300%. 3076 02:46:34,600 --> 02:46:36,166 And that the waits, 3077 02:46:36,200 --> 02:46:38,500 the wait time because of the licensing terms 3078 02:46:38,533 --> 02:46:43,500 is much longer for ebooks than physical... 3079 02:46:43,533 --> 02:46:45,866 We... I mean, we can definitely show you the data, 3080 02:46:45,900 --> 02:46:48,766 but it's very concrete that that's the issue. 3081 02:46:48,800 --> 02:46:51,366 And because we're going out with SimplyE 3082 02:46:51,400 --> 02:46:54,633 in, I think, early November now, 3083 02:46:54,666 --> 02:46:57,400 adding in more collections into ebooks 3084 02:46:57,433 --> 02:46:59,733 will drive numbers up hugely, we believe. 3085 02:46:59,766 --> 02:47:01,009 Well, we'll meet demand, usually, 3086 02:47:01,033 --> 02:47:02,333 because you can flick a switch. 3087 02:47:02,366 --> 02:47:07,466 And the analysis we did on educators and grade levels, 3088 02:47:07,500 --> 02:47:09,766 we actually believe that we can be very specific 3089 02:47:09,800 --> 02:47:10,966 about what we target 3090 02:47:11,000 --> 02:47:12,866 in terms of which ebooks we go after. 3091 02:47:12,900 --> 02:47:15,200 So we're not just going to buy, you know, 3092 02:47:15,233 --> 02:47:17,100 whatever is on the street. 3093 02:47:17,133 --> 02:47:19,866 We're actually, we're actually very carefully looking 3094 02:47:19,900 --> 02:47:21,533 at where we can make it... 3095 02:47:21,566 --> 02:47:23,933 So the big decision there, so I'm mindful of this, 3096 02:47:23,966 --> 02:47:26,433 because the conversations I've started to have... 3097 02:47:26,466 --> 02:47:29,233 Yes, this is huge. Licensing deals we made, 3098 02:47:29,266 --> 02:47:32,633 which were great and historic four years ago 3099 02:47:32,666 --> 02:47:34,042 favored the thick end of distribution, right? 3100 02:47:34,066 --> 02:47:36,400 So we got permission for the first time 3101 02:47:36,433 --> 02:47:39,600 to buy licenses for books, 3102 02:47:39,633 --> 02:47:41,733 but they have to be borrowed enough 3103 02:47:41,766 --> 02:47:44,633 to justify paying for a full license, 3104 02:47:44,666 --> 02:47:47,300 whether it's 52 lends, two years, perpetual, 3105 02:47:47,333 --> 02:47:50,166 whatever, different terms, different deals. 3106 02:47:50,200 --> 02:47:52,609 - And that's why it's gone up 300% - And that's why it's gone up 300% 3107 02:47:52,633 --> 02:47:55,166 And why the other libraries in the country have benefited, 3108 02:47:55,200 --> 02:47:56,633 which is great. 3109 02:47:56,666 --> 02:47:58,833 Now I'm going back to the publishers and saying, 3110 02:47:58,866 --> 02:48:02,033 "Let's get to the rest of the tail, right?" 3111 02:48:02,066 --> 02:48:03,433 Let's get free previews. 3112 02:48:03,466 --> 02:48:06,466 Let's get metered rate, so that it's... 3113 02:48:06,500 --> 02:48:11,100 so that we can offer in effect, a universal e-catalog. 3114 02:48:11,133 --> 02:48:13,800 The question will still be, though, 3115 02:48:13,833 --> 02:48:15,700 if you imagine a future in which we... 3116 02:48:15,733 --> 02:48:18,833 everything is potentially borrowable, electronically, 3117 02:48:18,866 --> 02:48:20,933 for those who want to, 3118 02:48:20,966 --> 02:48:22,433 we'll still have to decide 3119 02:48:22,466 --> 02:48:27,333 whether we want to put money into metered rates 3120 02:48:27,366 --> 02:48:30,733 for, you know, a book that doesn't circulate hugely 3121 02:48:30,766 --> 02:48:33,200 or more for the best sellers, 3122 02:48:33,233 --> 02:48:34,800 and partly that's demand, 3123 02:48:34,833 --> 02:48:37,033 and it's partly what's the right thing for us to do? 3124 02:48:37,066 --> 02:48:38,066 Right? 3125 02:48:38,100 --> 02:48:39,500 So we'll still have to decide. 3126 02:48:39,533 --> 02:48:41,866 So that e-content, licensing purchase content strategy, 3127 02:48:41,900 --> 02:48:43,766 that's what Mike has been talking 3128 02:48:43,800 --> 02:48:47,300 to Melissa and Christopher about... 3129 02:48:47,333 --> 02:48:50,500 to help you work through those negotiations. 3130 02:48:50,533 --> 02:48:53,966 So I guess, I understand the temptation of electronic, 3131 02:48:54,000 --> 02:48:58,366 because if things go as we hope they are, 3132 02:48:58,400 --> 02:49:03,033 our... the opportunity there is about to expand, 3133 02:49:03,066 --> 02:49:05,733 if the deals that we're trying to negotiate work. 3134 02:49:05,766 --> 02:49:09,866 And demand is clearly expanded more than supply, 3135 02:49:09,900 --> 02:49:13,100 though I would like to see those numbers. 3136 02:49:13,133 --> 02:49:14,900 But let's go back and say, you know, 3137 02:49:14,933 --> 02:49:18,000 we also are concerned that we hadn't been able... 3138 02:49:18,033 --> 02:49:21,733 Because of budget cuts from the city and more generally... 3139 02:49:21,766 --> 02:49:24,366 We hadn't been able to do as much increase 3140 02:49:24,400 --> 02:49:27,933 of physical book purchasing 3141 02:49:27,966 --> 02:49:31,066 for circulating and for the research library, 3142 02:49:31,100 --> 02:49:33,533 and so how does one decide 3143 02:49:33,566 --> 02:49:38,300 between "e-" and then physical circulating 3144 02:49:38,333 --> 02:49:41,300 and physical research collections? 3145 02:49:41,333 --> 02:49:43,442 We looked at what's circulating and what's not circulating 3146 02:49:43,466 --> 02:49:44,633 in terms of physical books, 3147 02:49:44,666 --> 02:49:46,600 and we have some analysis of that. 3148 02:49:46,633 --> 02:49:48,666 We decided to take the money this year 3149 02:49:48,700 --> 02:49:51,933 and really focus on early childhood. 3150 02:49:51,966 --> 02:49:53,266 So we've set up 3151 02:49:53,300 --> 02:49:56,000 specific early childhood family literacy centers. 3152 02:49:56,033 --> 02:49:57,709 Those, there are special collections being built. 3153 02:49:57,733 --> 02:49:59,033 This is physical, now. 3154 02:49:59,066 --> 02:50:00,033 Yes. 3155 02:50:00,066 --> 02:50:01,242 Physical collections that align 3156 02:50:01,266 --> 02:50:02,600 with the early literacy program 3157 02:50:02,633 --> 02:50:04,766 that we're putting in those 20 sites. 3158 02:50:04,800 --> 02:50:06,766 Plus, looking at the other 60 sites 3159 02:50:06,800 --> 02:50:08,833 that won't have the whole family literacy centers 3160 02:50:08,866 --> 02:50:10,066 put in there, 3161 02:50:10,100 --> 02:50:11,909 and really look at whether we have the materials. 3162 02:50:11,933 --> 02:50:13,166 We're also testing... 3163 02:50:13,200 --> 02:50:15,500 This is part of the service innovation community work 3164 02:50:15,533 --> 02:50:17,100 that we're doing... We're also testing 3165 02:50:17,133 --> 02:50:19,800 building up nonfiction children's collections 3166 02:50:19,833 --> 02:50:21,066 that don't float, 3167 02:50:21,100 --> 02:50:23,366 so that we can actually bring... 3168 02:50:23,400 --> 02:50:24,866 and partnering with the teachers 3169 02:50:24,900 --> 02:50:27,566 to make sure we have the right materials in those centers. 3170 02:50:27,600 --> 02:50:30,066 So rather than sort of go whole hog 3171 02:50:30,100 --> 02:50:31,442 and decide "Let's change the whole thing," 3172 02:50:31,466 --> 02:50:33,133 we're dipping our toes in 3173 02:50:33,166 --> 02:50:35,500 to making sure that those are the areas. 3174 02:50:35,533 --> 02:50:39,400 Certainly for the more popular fiction for adults, 3175 02:50:39,433 --> 02:50:41,733 I think we understand that very well. 3176 02:50:41,766 --> 02:50:43,966 But this is where we're really trying to focus, 3177 02:50:44,000 --> 02:50:45,600 is in the family literacy, 3178 02:50:45,633 --> 02:50:47,400 and with the schools, 3179 02:50:47,433 --> 02:50:49,833 and then figuring out for nonfiction materials, 3180 02:50:49,866 --> 02:50:51,100 what should float or not float 3181 02:50:51,133 --> 02:50:52,476 - and we are building those collections out. 3182 02:50:52,500 --> 02:50:55,333 So we are addressing out to that physical issue. 3183 02:50:55,366 --> 02:50:58,966 What about the physical research collection budget 3184 02:50:59,000 --> 02:51:01,033 that we were concerned about? Yes. 3185 02:51:01,066 --> 02:51:03,600 Not the famous special collection acquisitions, 3186 02:51:03,633 --> 02:51:05,766 but everything else, right? Right, but the... 3187 02:51:05,800 --> 02:51:07,776 I think the questions, are we buying the right things, 3188 02:51:07,800 --> 02:51:10,000 because it's an old collection development policy. 3189 02:51:10,033 --> 02:51:11,233 It's, like, from 2008, 3190 02:51:11,266 --> 02:51:13,400 and as I said, I really want the Mellon director 3191 02:51:13,433 --> 02:51:15,466 to get hand-deep into that. 3192 02:51:15,500 --> 02:51:18,000 So depending on where we are with that, you know, 3193 02:51:18,033 --> 02:51:19,266 we can dig deep into that 3194 02:51:19,300 --> 02:51:21,633 to make sure we're really spending money 3195 02:51:21,666 --> 02:51:23,500 on things that have research value 3196 02:51:23,533 --> 02:51:24,633 and are used. 3197 02:51:24,666 --> 02:51:25,966 And I'm not convinced 3198 02:51:26,000 --> 02:51:28,733 that that's totally the case right now. 3199 02:51:28,766 --> 02:51:31,200 I need to look at that a little bit. 3200 02:51:31,233 --> 02:51:34,000 You know and I know that, at a market rate, 3201 02:51:34,033 --> 02:51:37,033 we still have to put more money into the research collections, 3202 02:51:37,066 --> 02:51:38,600 but we also want to look at that 3203 02:51:38,633 --> 02:51:39,966 in terms of the... our properties 3204 02:51:40,000 --> 02:51:42,066 and to see whether the boundary of 50-50 3205 02:51:42,100 --> 02:51:45,200 is a real boundary or just an agreed-to boundary, 3206 02:51:45,233 --> 02:51:47,533 and maybe there's something we can do better. 3207 02:51:47,566 --> 02:51:48,800 I just think it's easier 3208 02:51:48,833 --> 02:51:52,066 to raise money for research collections 3209 02:51:52,100 --> 02:51:54,366 than it is to raise money for city collections. 3210 02:51:54,400 --> 02:51:55,742 Let's make sure we're putting it in the right place. 3211 02:51:55,766 --> 02:51:58,566 We're just talking about one piece 3212 02:51:58,600 --> 02:52:01,133 of the possible allocation of these funds, 3213 02:52:01,166 --> 02:52:02,266 which is collections, 3214 02:52:02,300 --> 02:52:04,233 electronic, circulating, research, 3215 02:52:04,266 --> 02:52:07,233 physical and electronic. 3216 02:52:07,266 --> 02:52:09,966 And, you know, the great dilemma 3217 02:52:10,000 --> 02:52:13,700 given constrained or not infinite resources, 3218 02:52:13,733 --> 02:52:16,833 which, sadly, is our fate, 3219 02:52:16,866 --> 02:52:21,933 is you could spend every dollar on the best sellers, 3220 02:52:21,966 --> 02:52:24,133 and they would fly out the door, 3221 02:52:24,166 --> 02:52:27,533 but then we would have no money for the things that... 3222 02:52:27,566 --> 02:52:28,566 We recommend. 3223 02:52:28,600 --> 02:52:31,000 We recommend, or that, you know, 3224 02:52:31,033 --> 02:52:32,533 we need to have in our collection 3225 02:52:32,566 --> 02:52:34,533 for the off chance that ten years from now, 3226 02:52:34,566 --> 02:52:35,909 somebody's really going to need it, 3227 02:52:35,933 --> 02:52:37,400 and there's no place else to find it. 3228 02:52:37,433 --> 02:52:38,666 We have... Yeah. 3229 02:52:38,700 --> 02:52:40,566 And, in fact, on the best sellers, 3230 02:52:40,600 --> 02:52:44,300 those, the non-library circulatory system 3231 02:52:44,333 --> 02:52:47,433 of the best sellers seems to work pretty well, right? 3232 02:52:47,466 --> 02:52:49,566 Yeah, yeah. It's not totally socially 3233 02:52:49,600 --> 02:52:52,300 just for those who can't afford the latest best seller, 3234 02:52:52,333 --> 02:52:54,366 but it's not like they're not circulating. 3235 02:52:54,400 --> 02:52:56,266 Whereas, I do think 3236 02:52:56,300 --> 02:52:59,033 we have a social commitment to the backlist 3237 02:52:59,066 --> 02:53:03,733 that isn't circulating, right? Yeah, yep. 3238 02:53:09,200 --> 02:53:11,900 Tomorrow morning before we open, 3239 02:53:11,933 --> 02:53:13,666 we have to put them back downstairs 3240 02:53:13,700 --> 02:53:14,866 wherever they were. 3241 02:53:21,600 --> 02:53:23,433 Guys, all, you also have a chair, 3242 02:53:23,466 --> 02:53:25,733 she's going to show you, let's go to the other end. 3243 02:53:25,766 --> 02:53:28,266 Let's do that whole table down there, everybody. 3244 02:53:32,433 --> 02:53:34,866 What's happening? 3245 02:53:34,900 --> 02:53:36,400 Here we go. 3246 02:53:38,700 --> 02:53:40,000 Oh, my gosh. 3247 02:53:44,066 --> 02:53:45,800 Now, who left their jackets here? 3248 02:53:45,833 --> 02:53:49,766 Whose white jackets were these? 3249 02:53:49,800 --> 02:53:51,117 They were moved here. 3250 02:53:51,118 --> 02:53:52,433 They were moved here. 3251 02:53:52,466 --> 02:53:54,166 So please make sure you're taking yours, 3252 02:53:54,200 --> 02:53:55,900 not leaving someone's dirty jacket... 3253 02:53:58,133 --> 02:54:00,966 One of those looks like... 3254 02:54:01,000 --> 02:54:02,466 We all see how it's done guys. 3255 02:54:04,000 --> 02:54:06,133 This is kind of pointless to me. 3256 02:54:06,166 --> 02:54:08,733 This is here, that's the other one, 3257 02:54:08,766 --> 02:54:10,900 two, three, four. 3258 02:54:10,933 --> 02:54:12,700 Okay, got it. 3259 02:54:12,733 --> 02:54:14,900 Double check if everybody has a sponsor card 3260 02:54:14,933 --> 02:54:18,333 and a program, please. 3261 02:54:18,366 --> 02:54:19,966 Like that, let's do that, all right? 3262 02:54:20,000 --> 02:54:22,533 So let's do this table first. 3263 02:54:22,566 --> 02:54:24,200 Make it really symmetrical. 3264 02:54:24,233 --> 02:54:25,400 Do this table, 3265 02:54:25,433 --> 02:54:27,033 work your way there to the other box, 3266 02:54:27,066 --> 02:54:28,600 set them back. 3267 02:54:28,633 --> 02:54:30,033 Guys... beautiful. 3268 02:54:31,633 --> 02:54:34,066 I'm very proud of this end, all right, all right. 3269 02:54:34,100 --> 02:54:36,000 You did a very good job. 3270 02:54:46,066 --> 02:54:49,400 And Anthony Appiah has volunteered 3271 02:54:49,433 --> 02:54:50,900 to tell us about a few items 3272 02:54:50,933 --> 02:54:52,833 in this instance from the Schomburg Collection, 3273 02:54:52,866 --> 02:54:55,600 a selection of works by Phillis Wheatley. 3274 02:54:55,633 --> 02:54:56,766 Phillis Wheatley became 3275 02:54:56,800 --> 02:54:58,176 the first African-American woman poet 3276 02:54:58,200 --> 02:55:02,266 to be published in this country in 1770. 3277 02:55:02,300 --> 02:55:04,433 But she was born in West Africa 3278 02:55:04,466 --> 02:55:06,666 and sold into slavery when she was seven 3279 02:55:06,700 --> 02:55:09,066 and brought here and purchased 3280 02:55:09,100 --> 02:55:10,566 by the Wheatley family of Boston, 3281 02:55:10,600 --> 02:55:11,809 who taught her to read and write 3282 02:55:11,833 --> 02:55:14,433 and seemed to have encouraged her poetry. 3283 02:55:14,466 --> 02:55:17,766 She arrived in Boston on the 11th of July 1761 3284 02:55:17,800 --> 02:55:19,200 aboard the Phillis, 3285 02:55:19,233 --> 02:55:21,566 the ship from which she derived her first name, 3286 02:55:21,600 --> 02:55:22,833 which was recently returned 3287 02:55:22,866 --> 02:55:25,766 from Senegal, Sierra Leone, and Guinea. 3288 02:55:25,800 --> 02:55:27,833 When the Wheatleys died, 3289 02:55:27,866 --> 02:55:29,476 Phillis married a free man of color named John Peters, 3290 02:55:29,500 --> 02:55:30,900 who was a grocer. 3291 02:55:30,933 --> 02:55:32,733 The rest of her life was not so happy. 3292 02:55:32,766 --> 02:55:34,242 Two of their children died in infancy. 3293 02:55:34,266 --> 02:55:35,376 Peters was imprisoned for debt 3294 02:55:35,400 --> 02:55:39,666 in 1784 and then Wheatley fell into poverty 3295 02:55:39,700 --> 02:55:42,900 and died and was quickly followed in death 3296 02:55:42,933 --> 02:55:44,500 by her only surviving infant son. 3297 02:55:44,533 --> 02:55:48,666 So her poems are her only legacy. 3298 02:55:48,700 --> 02:55:53,100 Schomburg has Arthur Schomburg's own copy of an elegiac poem 3299 02:55:53,133 --> 02:55:55,633 on the Reverend and Learned Mr. George Whitefield 3300 02:55:55,666 --> 02:55:58,666 which was the first poem Wheatley published. 3301 02:55:58,700 --> 02:56:00,566 Whitefield was an evangelist in the U.S. 3302 02:56:00,600 --> 02:56:02,966 and the personal chaplain of Selina Hastings, 3303 02:56:03,000 --> 02:56:04,400 the Countess of Huntingdon, 3304 02:56:04,433 --> 02:56:07,366 who was one of the leading figures in British Methodism. 3305 02:56:07,400 --> 02:56:10,200 Wheatley's Whitefield elegy brought her into national fame, 3306 02:56:10,233 --> 02:56:13,366 and it was published in London as well as in Boston. 3307 02:56:13,400 --> 02:56:15,000 And her reputation was reinforced 3308 02:56:15,033 --> 02:56:17,500 by the publication of her poem, "Recollection," 3309 02:56:17,533 --> 02:56:19,633 which first appeared in March 1772 3310 02:56:19,666 --> 02:56:22,533 in the London magazine or gentleman's monthly, 3311 02:56:22,566 --> 02:56:23,833 Intelligencer, 3312 02:56:23,866 --> 02:56:25,242 which was then more widely published 3313 02:56:25,266 --> 02:56:28,066 in American and British periodicals. 3314 02:56:28,100 --> 02:56:29,700 So what we have here on display 3315 02:56:29,733 --> 02:56:31,609 are materials all collected by Arthur Schomburg himself. 3316 02:56:31,633 --> 02:56:36,266 As I say, his copy of the first poem Wheatley published, 3317 02:56:36,300 --> 02:56:39,233 his first edition of the poems, 3318 02:56:39,266 --> 02:56:41,233 signed by Phillis Wheatley herself. 3319 02:56:41,266 --> 02:56:44,166 His London magazine with the poem "Recollection," 3320 02:56:44,200 --> 02:56:45,766 and a copy 3321 02:56:45,800 --> 02:56:47,900 of Memoirs and Poems of Phillis Wheatley, 3322 02:56:47,933 --> 02:56:51,533 published in Boston in 1834, signed by Schomburg. 3323 02:56:51,566 --> 02:56:54,309 - That book, which was published the year Wheatley died 3324 02:56:54,333 --> 02:56:59,533 By Margaretta Matilda Odell, was the, is the basis 3325 02:56:59,566 --> 02:57:00,566 of much of what we know 3326 02:57:00,600 --> 02:57:02,600 about Phillis Wheatley's life. 3327 02:57:02,633 --> 02:57:05,800 In a famous poem about her enslavement, Wheatley wrote, 3328 02:57:05,833 --> 02:57:09,200 "'Twas mercy brought me from my pagan land, 3329 02:57:09,233 --> 02:57:12,866 "taught my benighted soul to understand that there's a God, 3330 02:57:12,900 --> 02:57:14,466 "and there's a Savior too, 3331 02:57:14,500 --> 02:57:18,666 once I redemption neither sought nor knew." 3332 02:57:18,700 --> 02:57:20,366 So we can see why Thomas Jefferson 3333 02:57:20,400 --> 02:57:21,842 in the Notes on the State of Virginia, 3334 02:57:21,866 --> 02:57:23,400 might have written that, 3335 02:57:23,433 --> 02:57:26,366 "Religion indeed has produced a Phillis Wheatley, 3336 02:57:26,400 --> 02:57:28,800 but it could not produce a poet." 3337 02:57:28,833 --> 02:57:30,800 But this was not the only judgment of her 3338 02:57:30,833 --> 02:57:32,733 made by one of the founders. 3339 02:57:32,766 --> 02:57:35,166 In 1776 Wheatley wrote a letter and a poem 3340 02:57:35,200 --> 02:57:37,366 in support of Washington, George Washington, 3341 02:57:37,400 --> 02:57:39,333 and he replied with a gracious invitation 3342 02:57:39,366 --> 02:57:40,833 to visit him in Cambridge, 3343 02:57:40,866 --> 02:57:42,766 stating he would be, 3344 02:57:42,800 --> 02:57:47,233 "Happy to see a person so favored by the Muses." 3345 02:57:47,266 --> 02:57:49,866 I'm very grateful to Steven Fullwood, 3346 02:57:49,900 --> 02:57:51,833 assistant curator of Manuscripts, Archives, 3347 02:57:51,866 --> 02:57:53,566 and Rare Books at the Schomburg, 3348 02:57:53,600 --> 02:57:57,533 both for finding this material and for telling me about it. 3349 02:57:59,600 --> 02:58:03,700 Unless there is other business before the board, 3350 02:58:03,733 --> 02:58:05,533 we are adjourned, thank you. 3351 02:58:31,666 --> 02:58:32,866 Well, here we are again. 3352 02:58:35,333 --> 02:58:36,166 Thank you for coming. 3353 02:58:36,200 --> 02:58:38,566 Eyes open. 3354 02:58:38,600 --> 02:58:41,700 Smile, smile, yes. 3355 02:58:41,733 --> 02:58:44,433 Yes, that's, I always forget the smile part. 3356 02:58:44,466 --> 02:58:47,300 There, so you can all see it. 3357 02:58:47,333 --> 02:58:49,300 Okay. 3358 02:58:49,333 --> 02:58:52,633 Eyes wide open, smiles. 3359 02:59:40,233 --> 02:59:42,966 So maybe just talk about the state of play. 3360 02:59:43,000 --> 02:59:44,800 So you've talked about it historically. 3361 02:59:44,833 --> 02:59:45,976 You've talked about reparations, 3362 02:59:46,000 --> 02:59:48,933 but this book clearly is original 3363 02:59:48,966 --> 02:59:51,466 in one significant formulation among many, 3364 02:59:51,500 --> 02:59:53,466 - but one being that - but one being that 3365 02:59:53,500 --> 02:59:55,633 You wrestle with the issue of violence 3366 02:59:55,666 --> 02:59:57,366 within the black community 3367 02:59:57,400 --> 03:00:01,466 in ways that typically are positioned as an either-or. 3368 03:00:01,500 --> 03:00:03,866 That's... that's... Either these are explorations 3369 03:00:03,900 --> 03:00:05,500 that are about the terrible things 3370 03:00:05,533 --> 03:00:06,973 that black people do to themselves... 3371 03:00:07,000 --> 03:00:08,100 Right. 3372 03:00:08,133 --> 03:00:09,342 Or they're about the terrible things 3373 03:00:09,366 --> 03:00:10,509 that whites do to black people. 3374 03:00:10,533 --> 03:00:11,633 Yeah. 3375 03:00:11,666 --> 03:00:15,133 But here, and probably surprising to many, 3376 03:00:15,166 --> 03:00:19,066 you found a way to web... wed those two things together. 3377 03:00:19,100 --> 03:00:22,133 And that seems to me to be an explicit response 3378 03:00:22,166 --> 03:00:24,200 to the conversation we've been having 3379 03:00:24,233 --> 03:00:26,200 about Michael Brown, for example. Right. 3380 03:00:26,233 --> 03:00:27,876 Right, well, as you said, it's very much a response 3381 03:00:27,900 --> 03:00:31,166 to an ocean of "black on black crime" 3382 03:00:31,200 --> 03:00:34,366 or black people not caring about black on black crime. 3383 03:00:34,400 --> 03:00:37,066 And I think people who regrettably, you know, 3384 03:00:37,100 --> 03:00:39,400 people who I agree with quite a bit, 3385 03:00:39,433 --> 03:00:41,566 play into this sometimes 3386 03:00:41,600 --> 03:00:44,000 because they are afraid of talking about 3387 03:00:44,033 --> 03:00:46,400 "neighbor on neighbor," as someone, you know, 3388 03:00:46,433 --> 03:00:47,666 helpfully phrased it for me. 3389 03:00:47,700 --> 03:00:48,876 Neighbor on neighbor crime that happens 3390 03:00:48,900 --> 03:00:49,976 in African American communities, 3391 03:00:50,000 --> 03:00:52,433 and we say neighbor on neighbor crime 3392 03:00:52,466 --> 03:00:55,033 because the vast majority of crime 3393 03:00:55,066 --> 03:00:56,176 that happens in any community 3394 03:00:56,200 --> 03:00:57,733 is done by other community members. 3395 03:00:57,766 --> 03:01:00,266 That was always true. 3396 03:01:00,300 --> 03:01:01,476 That did not become true in 1965. 3397 03:01:01,500 --> 03:01:03,009 That has always been true in black communities 3398 03:01:03,033 --> 03:01:04,176 and in other people's communities. 3399 03:01:04,200 --> 03:01:05,800 It's just true. 3400 03:01:05,833 --> 03:01:08,566 People don't tend to, you know, 3401 03:01:08,600 --> 03:01:11,033 take the subway to the other side of town, 3402 03:01:11,066 --> 03:01:12,566 you know, to commit a crime, 3403 03:01:12,600 --> 03:01:14,476 they tend to rob people who are right around them. 3404 03:01:14,500 --> 03:01:16,300 And in that sense, the black community 3405 03:01:16,333 --> 03:01:18,433 is just another human community. 3406 03:01:18,466 --> 03:01:19,576 And the fact that the black community 3407 03:01:19,600 --> 03:01:21,033 suffers more crime 3408 03:01:21,066 --> 03:01:24,000 is part of the oppression, 3409 03:01:24,033 --> 03:01:25,333 not separate from the oppression. 3410 03:01:25,366 --> 03:01:26,633 Mm-hmm. 3411 03:01:26,666 --> 03:01:28,009 It's not something that, you know, mutate over... 3412 03:01:28,033 --> 03:01:29,266 it is part of what happens 3413 03:01:29,300 --> 03:01:31,933 when you have a group of people who, 3414 03:01:31,966 --> 03:01:33,833 over a course of generations, 3415 03:01:33,866 --> 03:01:36,766 have been isolated, segregated, plundered, 3416 03:01:36,800 --> 03:01:38,966 have had things taken from them. 3417 03:01:39,000 --> 03:01:41,466 The expectation that the amount of crime 3418 03:01:41,500 --> 03:01:42,676 that happens in their neighborhoods 3419 03:01:42,700 --> 03:01:44,633 will somehow be the same 3420 03:01:44,666 --> 03:01:46,109 as what happens in other neighborhoods, 3421 03:01:46,133 --> 03:01:47,566 it's absurd. Right. 3422 03:01:47,600 --> 03:01:49,366 It's just absurd, you know. 3423 03:01:49,400 --> 03:01:51,233 I don't find it hard to explain, 3424 03:01:51,266 --> 03:01:53,500 nor am I afraid of any sort of conversation 3425 03:01:53,533 --> 03:01:55,533 about the kind of neighbor on neighbor violence 3426 03:01:55,566 --> 03:01:57,400 that happens in African American communities. 3427 03:01:57,433 --> 03:01:59,566 What the hell do you expect to happen? 3428 03:01:59,600 --> 03:02:02,166 Right. It just makes sense. 3429 03:02:02,200 --> 03:02:04,466 You know, I'm black, I'm African American, 3430 03:02:04,500 --> 03:02:07,200 there is so much about being African American 3431 03:02:07,233 --> 03:02:10,766 and African American politics that I don't understand, 3432 03:02:10,800 --> 03:02:12,366 primarily because in my household 3433 03:02:12,400 --> 03:02:13,866 Malcolm X was Jesus. 3434 03:02:15,533 --> 03:02:17,233 You know, and so, your orientation is... 3435 03:02:17,266 --> 03:02:18,333 I mean, and that's like, 3436 03:02:18,366 --> 03:02:19,609 again, that's at the root of this book. 3437 03:02:19,633 --> 03:02:21,076 You know, like the stress on the body. 3438 03:02:21,100 --> 03:02:24,833 You know, Malcolm's belief, his anger, his rage, 3439 03:02:24,866 --> 03:02:26,433 you know, at seeing, you know, 3440 03:02:26,466 --> 03:02:28,066 black people beat in the street 3441 03:02:28,100 --> 03:02:30,466 and dogs sicced on black people, 3442 03:02:30,500 --> 03:02:35,633 said to me, "The black body, your body, is precious." 3443 03:02:35,666 --> 03:02:38,400 Your life is as precious as anyone, 3444 03:02:38,433 --> 03:02:40,166 and you should not give up your life 3445 03:02:40,200 --> 03:02:45,966 and you should not give up your body for rights that are 3446 03:02:46,000 --> 03:02:47,466 already written in the Constitution. 3447 03:02:47,500 --> 03:02:48,833 I'm making my way very slowly 3448 03:02:48,866 --> 03:02:50,509 right now through this Barbara Tuchman book 3449 03:02:50,533 --> 03:02:51,766 called A Distant Mirror, 3450 03:02:51,800 --> 03:02:53,876 - it's a history of the 14th century. - It's a history of the 14th century. 3451 03:02:53,900 --> 03:02:56,500 And she has this chapter 3452 03:02:56,533 --> 03:02:59,500 on serfs, and she goes through the literature 3453 03:02:59,533 --> 03:03:01,566 of how people talk about serfs, 3454 03:03:01,600 --> 03:03:02,566 and it's no different than 3455 03:03:02,600 --> 03:03:03,966 how people talk about black people, 3456 03:03:04,000 --> 03:03:07,000 except the substitution for the science that, you know, 3457 03:03:07,033 --> 03:03:08,166 we use for black people, 3458 03:03:08,200 --> 03:03:09,776 I meant black people being scientifically, 3459 03:03:09,800 --> 03:03:12,700 you know, genetically inferior, is replaced by God. 3460 03:03:12,733 --> 03:03:14,533 That's really, really the only difference, 3461 03:03:14,566 --> 03:03:16,266 so when you get to that, you say, 3462 03:03:16,300 --> 03:03:19,633 "Well, damn, this is something about the human condition." 3463 03:03:19,666 --> 03:03:21,733 Like... and I guess in many ways like, 3464 03:03:21,766 --> 03:03:23,776 that's the power of the African American experience, 3465 03:03:23,800 --> 03:03:25,100 when you begin to understand, 3466 03:03:25,133 --> 03:03:26,800 there's actually a statement about 3467 03:03:26,833 --> 03:03:28,766 the human condition. 3468 03:04:50,900 --> 03:04:53,133 As we're seeing the fruits of our labor 3469 03:04:53,166 --> 03:04:54,300 with all the increased staff 3470 03:04:54,333 --> 03:04:55,766 and increased hours 3471 03:04:55,800 --> 03:04:57,700 and increased educational opportunities 3472 03:04:57,733 --> 03:05:00,200 that were created. 3473 03:05:00,233 --> 03:05:02,066 And we had a great campaign, 3474 03:05:02,100 --> 03:05:03,600 Invest in Libraries, right? 3475 03:05:03,633 --> 03:05:04,900 I mean, we need to sort of 3476 03:05:04,933 --> 03:05:07,566 tee this up for next year. 3477 03:05:07,600 --> 03:05:13,533 Um, we have to have a new story, a new priority. 3478 03:05:13,566 --> 03:05:15,666 It can't just be that we want 3479 03:05:15,700 --> 03:05:20,066 to baseline the money that we got last year. 3480 03:05:20,100 --> 03:05:22,900 I mean, is it seven-day service 3481 03:05:22,933 --> 03:05:25,666 across the entire system? 3482 03:05:25,700 --> 03:05:30,066 Um, is it, you know, more capital money? 3483 03:05:30,100 --> 03:05:32,600 We have to sort of formulate that here, 3484 03:05:32,633 --> 03:05:34,800 and before we know it, 3485 03:05:34,833 --> 03:05:37,266 the budget cycle is going to be upon us. 3486 03:05:37,300 --> 03:05:39,500 I'm sure that they're going to have their first hearing 3487 03:05:39,533 --> 03:05:41,666 starting at the end of November 3488 03:05:41,700 --> 03:05:43,566 for the next fiscal year. 3489 03:05:43,600 --> 03:05:45,666 So this is sort of an important moment 3490 03:05:45,700 --> 03:05:47,533 to sort of figure out, 3491 03:05:47,566 --> 03:05:49,433 and you're the ones 3492 03:05:49,466 --> 03:05:51,700 to sort of help us craft this message. 3493 03:05:51,701 --> 03:05:53,933 To sort of help us craft this message. 3494 03:05:53,966 --> 03:05:57,200 So I think that we need to sort of 3495 03:05:57,233 --> 03:06:00,000 start having a discussion about this and, you know, 3496 03:06:00,033 --> 03:06:01,966 we need to know how much 3497 03:06:02,000 --> 03:06:03,900 can we absorb here, you know? 3498 03:06:03,933 --> 03:06:07,200 It was a phenomenal year and, you know, 3499 03:06:07,233 --> 03:06:09,633 between Louise and Christopher, you know, 3500 03:06:09,666 --> 03:06:12,200 hiring these people, getting them, you know, 3501 03:06:12,233 --> 03:06:14,333 assimilated into the library, 3502 03:06:14,366 --> 03:06:16,133 that's a huge number of people 3503 03:06:16,166 --> 03:06:19,533 to get into the library system. 3504 03:06:19,566 --> 03:06:24,000 Um, so, we need to sort of figure out what the message is. 3505 03:06:24,033 --> 03:06:26,166 And, you know, it's gonna... 3506 03:06:26,200 --> 03:06:29,566 it's the third year of this administration. 3507 03:06:29,600 --> 03:06:32,033 We sort of have to have the right message. 3508 03:06:32,066 --> 03:06:34,500 I believe, George, that we're beginning 3509 03:06:34,533 --> 03:06:37,766 to get into their psyche a little bit more. 3510 03:06:37,800 --> 03:06:40,566 So, you know, this is the moment 3511 03:06:40,600 --> 03:06:41,900 to start thinking about that. 3512 03:06:41,933 --> 03:06:42,900 We had asked for $65 million, 3513 03:06:42,933 --> 03:06:43,976 and the $65 million would have 3514 03:06:44,000 --> 03:06:46,566 brought us back to fiscal '08. 3515 03:06:46,600 --> 03:06:47,842 So we didn't get everything that we asked for. 3516 03:06:47,866 --> 03:06:49,700 But by the same token, 3517 03:06:49,733 --> 03:06:51,633 through the eyes of our friends in government, 3518 03:06:51,666 --> 03:06:53,266 they may feel that the problem 3519 03:06:53,300 --> 03:06:55,266 as far as library funding is concerned is solved. 3520 03:06:55,300 --> 03:06:57,400 So that's one of the big dilemmas 3521 03:06:57,433 --> 03:06:59,433 that we have to deal with at this point. 3522 03:06:59,466 --> 03:07:00,666 We also know that we had 3523 03:07:00,700 --> 03:07:02,133 over $1 billion in capital needs 3524 03:07:02,166 --> 03:07:03,166 that we were asking for. 3525 03:07:03,200 --> 03:07:04,700 We only received $300 million. 3526 03:07:04,733 --> 03:07:07,200 But the real remarkable thing that happened last year, 3527 03:07:07,233 --> 03:07:09,433 is for the first time ever as far as we can remember, 3528 03:07:09,466 --> 03:07:12,066 is that they actually entered into a dialogue with us 3529 03:07:12,100 --> 03:07:13,600 at a point in the process where 3530 03:07:13,633 --> 03:07:15,766 they had never done that in the past. 3531 03:07:15,800 --> 03:07:17,766 So to them, again, on the capital side, 3532 03:07:17,800 --> 03:07:20,366 they may feel that problem is solved. 3533 03:07:20,400 --> 03:07:22,333 So, we have to get past that. 3534 03:07:22,366 --> 03:07:25,133 We have to articulate a message this year again. 3535 03:07:25,166 --> 03:07:28,500 And, in addition to the message around funding, 3536 03:07:28,533 --> 03:07:31,400 we have to continue applying pressure 3537 03:07:31,433 --> 03:07:33,333 on the community side. 3538 03:07:33,366 --> 03:07:35,766 I mean, that's... that's a reality 3539 03:07:35,800 --> 03:07:38,166 and that worked last year, so we have to continue 3540 03:07:38,200 --> 03:07:39,766 applying pressure in that way, 3541 03:07:39,800 --> 03:07:41,366 continue to build relationships, 3542 03:07:41,400 --> 03:07:42,776 not just with our elected officials, 3543 03:07:42,800 --> 03:07:44,600 but with the groups and the individuals 3544 03:07:44,633 --> 03:07:46,733 and the users and supporters 3545 03:07:46,766 --> 03:07:49,166 and all the folks out there that really do love libraries 3546 03:07:49,200 --> 03:07:50,709 and to have them tell our story for us. 3547 03:07:50,733 --> 03:07:53,366 We have a core group 3548 03:07:53,400 --> 03:07:54,366 of library managers 3549 03:07:54,400 --> 03:07:56,866 who really were phenomenal last year 3550 03:07:56,900 --> 03:07:58,800 and are gonna be great this year. 3551 03:07:58,833 --> 03:08:01,533 And, you know, we need to sort of figure out, 3552 03:08:01,566 --> 03:08:04,166 also, what their roles are going to be. 3553 03:08:04,200 --> 03:08:08,166 You know, not everybody is great at this, 3554 03:08:08,200 --> 03:08:10,033 but people can have buddies and partners 3555 03:08:10,066 --> 03:08:11,733 who can teach them how to do this. 3556 03:08:11,766 --> 03:08:14,566 For me, the key questions that we need 3557 03:08:14,600 --> 03:08:16,266 to get our head around is sort of 3558 03:08:16,300 --> 03:08:19,333 "What is it, what's next that we want to do, 3559 03:08:19,366 --> 03:08:23,300 or need to do, or need to fund to do?" 3560 03:08:23,333 --> 03:08:28,466 And what do we think is a political message 3561 03:08:28,500 --> 03:08:30,400 that our colleagues in city hall 3562 03:08:30,433 --> 03:08:33,166 and city council will embrace? 3563 03:08:33,200 --> 03:08:34,442 I mean, I think one of the lessons 3564 03:08:34,466 --> 03:08:37,500 we learned last year is surprise, surprise, 3565 03:08:37,533 --> 03:08:40,766 politicians like simple messages, right? 3566 03:08:40,800 --> 03:08:44,066 So, six-day service, all right? 3567 03:08:44,100 --> 03:08:46,800 And, you know, the way to win here 3568 03:08:46,833 --> 03:08:49,433 is to think about the match between 3569 03:08:49,466 --> 03:08:52,709 - what it is we are delivering and want to deliver, 3570 03:08:52,733 --> 03:08:57,600 And what is a message that is easily projected from them, 3571 03:08:57,633 --> 03:09:00,733 so that they can rally the citizenry 3572 03:09:00,766 --> 03:09:02,800 in support of what they're trying to do as well. 3573 03:09:02,833 --> 03:09:05,833 And this only works if we think strategically 3574 03:09:05,866 --> 03:09:08,400 for and with the political leaders 3575 03:09:08,433 --> 03:09:11,800 and match that with the substance 3576 03:09:11,833 --> 03:09:14,100 of what we think we need to deliver 3577 03:09:14,133 --> 03:09:16,100 and need to find the funding for, 3578 03:09:16,133 --> 03:09:18,300 and that's the intersect that we're looking for. 3579 03:09:46,533 --> 03:09:49,066 Macomb's Bridge, as you may not know, 3580 03:09:49,100 --> 03:09:51,233 is the jewel of the New York Public Library. 3581 03:09:53,633 --> 03:09:55,833 And we do have 3582 03:09:55,866 --> 03:10:00,366 programs such as this for the community, 3583 03:10:00,400 --> 03:10:02,433 for us to come and talk and have a conversation. 3584 03:10:02,466 --> 03:10:04,200 And it is about moving forward. 3585 03:10:04,233 --> 03:10:05,566 It's not just about talking about, 3586 03:10:05,600 --> 03:10:07,333 we can't preach to the choir, you know. 3587 03:10:07,366 --> 03:10:08,400 Mm-hmm. Right. 3588 03:10:08,433 --> 03:10:09,666 We already know. 3589 03:10:09,700 --> 03:10:11,233 But it is about moving forward, 3590 03:10:11,266 --> 03:10:12,942 and sometimes you have to take little steps 3591 03:10:12,966 --> 03:10:14,133 to move forward. 3592 03:10:14,166 --> 03:10:16,866 So you have come to talk, 3593 03:10:16,900 --> 03:10:19,066 and there are five young men outside, 3594 03:10:19,100 --> 03:10:20,266 and I say to them, 3595 03:10:20,300 --> 03:10:22,133 "Hey guys, come on in 3596 03:10:22,166 --> 03:10:24,100 and listen to Brother Muhammad talk ." 3597 03:10:24,133 --> 03:10:25,876 Because even if they're in here on the computer, 3598 03:10:25,900 --> 03:10:27,066 that's good enough for me. 3599 03:10:27,100 --> 03:10:28,500 Yeah. Because they're listening, 3600 03:10:28,533 --> 03:10:29,709 and that's what the beauty of Macomb's Bridge is, 3601 03:10:29,733 --> 03:10:32,166 that we're small, right? 3602 03:10:32,200 --> 03:10:34,600 They chose not to, and that's fine. 3603 03:10:34,633 --> 03:10:35,800 Latron did. 3604 03:10:35,833 --> 03:10:38,433 Yeah, Latron is over there. 3605 03:10:38,466 --> 03:10:42,866 But they... but there is this peer kind of thing 3606 03:10:42,900 --> 03:10:44,000 and we've all been children 3607 03:10:44,033 --> 03:10:45,473 and there's that peer kind of a thing 3608 03:10:45,500 --> 03:10:47,766 and they chose to stay outside and take pictures while, 3609 03:10:47,800 --> 03:10:50,600 you know, doing whatever it is that they do. 3610 03:10:50,633 --> 03:10:52,200 This is a first step. 3611 03:10:52,233 --> 03:10:54,166 We also have our writers group, 3612 03:10:54,200 --> 03:10:56,700 which is a group of adults who come together 3613 03:10:56,733 --> 03:10:59,333 and talk about things in the community, 3614 03:10:59,366 --> 03:11:00,642 but not only that, talk about things, 3615 03:11:00,666 --> 03:11:01,676 what's going on in the library. 3616 03:11:01,700 --> 03:11:03,333 You know, the free access 3617 03:11:03,366 --> 03:11:04,566 that we have in the library 3618 03:11:04,600 --> 03:11:06,400 in your own community. 3619 03:11:06,433 --> 03:11:10,566 And you can't force people to come in 3620 03:11:10,600 --> 03:11:13,666 and take information that's available to them, 3621 03:11:13,700 --> 03:11:15,666 you can only let them know it's there. 3622 03:11:15,700 --> 03:11:16,933 From what I see, 3623 03:11:16,966 --> 03:11:19,866 I'm teaching in the school system. 3624 03:11:19,900 --> 03:11:22,300 I grew up single. 3625 03:11:22,333 --> 03:11:24,500 My mom was young, single. 3626 03:11:24,533 --> 03:11:26,900 I knew my father, but he didn't live with me. 3627 03:11:26,933 --> 03:11:28,800 My husband, same thing. 3628 03:11:28,833 --> 03:11:32,066 We grew up without our fathers in our home. 3629 03:11:32,100 --> 03:11:36,500 We grew up, there were "uncles" there, quote unquote, 3630 03:11:36,533 --> 03:11:40,533 but no fathers were there. 3631 03:11:40,566 --> 03:11:46,433 So, we tried to change that with our son, you know, 3632 03:11:46,466 --> 03:11:48,866 and made sure that we were there 3633 03:11:48,900 --> 03:11:51,100 and it does make a difference. 3634 03:11:51,133 --> 03:11:53,317 Not only us being in the household, 3635 03:11:53,318 --> 03:11:55,500 Not only us being in the household, 3636 03:11:55,533 --> 03:11:57,266 but us being there, 3637 03:11:57,300 --> 03:11:59,533 because you can still be a family, 3638 03:11:59,566 --> 03:12:02,100 but if you're working 12 hours 3639 03:12:02,133 --> 03:12:04,200 and your husband is working 12 hours, 3640 03:12:04,233 --> 03:12:07,266 your child is still being raised by the street, 3641 03:12:07,300 --> 03:12:11,200 or pray to God that someone in the school 3642 03:12:11,233 --> 03:12:13,033 is caring enough for them 3643 03:12:13,066 --> 03:12:15,700 to let them stay a little longer. 3644 03:12:15,733 --> 03:12:19,400 I see now, after school programs start early. 3645 03:12:19,433 --> 03:12:22,300 Some students are out there 6:00 in the morning, 3646 03:12:22,333 --> 03:12:24,166 waiting for the school to open 3647 03:12:24,200 --> 03:12:26,300 because their parents have to go to work 3648 03:12:26,333 --> 03:12:27,766 to pay these bills 3649 03:12:27,800 --> 03:12:30,300 or to do whatever they need to do 3650 03:12:30,333 --> 03:12:35,133 and then they go home 8:00, 8:30. 3651 03:12:35,166 --> 03:12:38,066 That's from 6:00 in the morning 3652 03:12:38,100 --> 03:12:39,566 to 8:30 at night. 3653 03:12:39,600 --> 03:12:41,033 There is no family, 3654 03:12:41,066 --> 03:12:42,566 no kind of connection. 3655 03:12:42,600 --> 03:12:43,600 Okay, 3656 03:12:43,633 --> 03:12:46,266 I told a lot of people, you have to... 3657 03:12:46,300 --> 03:12:48,166 don't depend on anyone. 3658 03:12:48,200 --> 03:12:49,766 Do it yourself, just believe in yourself 3659 03:12:49,800 --> 03:12:51,166 and keep working at it. 3660 03:12:51,200 --> 03:12:53,533 I couldn't afford to go to film school. 3661 03:12:53,566 --> 03:12:55,266 I learned from the library. 3662 03:12:55,300 --> 03:12:56,366 I learned how to type. 3663 03:12:56,400 --> 03:12:57,640 I learned how to read a script. 3664 03:12:57,666 --> 03:12:59,276 I learned how to do all that from the library. 3665 03:12:59,300 --> 03:13:00,409 People say, "Why didn't you go to school?" 3666 03:13:00,433 --> 03:13:01,733 I was taking care of my kids, 3667 03:13:01,766 --> 03:13:02,776 I couldn't afford it, couldn't find no job. 3668 03:13:02,800 --> 03:13:04,500 So, I learned from the library. 3669 03:13:04,533 --> 03:13:07,300 But we have to stick together 3670 03:13:07,333 --> 03:13:09,700 and we have to form a group where we can say, 3671 03:13:09,733 --> 03:13:11,333 "We just ain't going to take it no more," 3672 03:13:11,366 --> 03:13:13,200 and just do and look out for each other. 3673 03:13:13,233 --> 03:13:15,633 We cut each other's throat a lot. 3674 03:13:15,666 --> 03:13:18,833 Because once somebody get it, think as, or Nas was saying, 3675 03:13:18,866 --> 03:13:21,033 you know, once you start getting that money, 3676 03:13:21,066 --> 03:13:23,466 everybody want to go spend money downtown, they... 3677 03:13:23,500 --> 03:13:25,633 nobody want to bring money back into the community. 3678 03:13:25,666 --> 03:13:26,633 And then when we try to 3679 03:13:26,666 --> 03:13:27,633 bring back money in the community, 3680 03:13:27,666 --> 03:13:28,633 we're always trying to get... 3681 03:13:28,666 --> 03:13:30,400 cut each other's throat. 3682 03:13:30,433 --> 03:13:32,066 If we come together, 3683 03:13:32,100 --> 03:13:33,476 it seems like the only time we come together 3684 03:13:33,500 --> 03:13:36,100 is when something crazy happens with us, you know? 3685 03:13:36,133 --> 03:13:37,600 As soon as it's over, it died out 3686 03:13:37,633 --> 03:13:40,200 and everything's back the same. 3687 03:13:40,233 --> 03:13:41,200 Can I say something 3688 03:13:41,233 --> 03:13:42,866 about what he just said? 3689 03:13:42,900 --> 03:13:45,300 My grandmother had a store, and I'll tell you 3690 03:13:45,333 --> 03:13:46,533 how she lost her store. 3691 03:13:46,566 --> 03:13:47,600 Like almost every other 3692 03:13:47,633 --> 03:13:50,066 black store owner. 3693 03:13:50,100 --> 03:13:52,033 When you have a store, you have to buy products. 3694 03:13:52,066 --> 03:13:53,166 You have to buy straws, 3695 03:13:53,200 --> 03:13:55,400 you have to buy brown paper bags, 3696 03:13:55,433 --> 03:13:57,733 you have to buy canned peas. 3697 03:13:57,766 --> 03:14:01,500 So, what happens is you have to go to your distributor, 3698 03:14:01,533 --> 03:14:04,266 the people who are distributing these items, 3699 03:14:04,300 --> 03:14:05,800 and most of the time, most... 3700 03:14:05,833 --> 03:14:08,166 Like 99% of the time, they're white. 3701 03:14:08,200 --> 03:14:10,900 So what basically happened with my grandmother is 3702 03:14:10,933 --> 03:14:13,833 that they kept going up on her prices 3703 03:14:13,866 --> 03:14:16,600 of her straws, of her paper bags, 3704 03:14:16,633 --> 03:14:19,400 of her canned peas, of her this and that. 3705 03:14:19,433 --> 03:14:22,400 So, every time they went up, she had to go up. 3706 03:14:22,433 --> 03:14:24,133 But those same distributors 3707 03:14:24,166 --> 03:14:27,233 weren't going up on their prices in other communities. 3708 03:14:27,266 --> 03:14:28,966 Right. They stayed the same. 3709 03:14:29,000 --> 03:14:30,266 So, basically, 3710 03:14:30,300 --> 03:14:32,833 that's how they basically get it, get you out, 3711 03:14:32,866 --> 03:14:34,800 and it goes from one thing to another, 3712 03:14:34,833 --> 03:14:36,900 from farms to our meat markets. 3713 03:14:36,933 --> 03:14:38,500 We have no farms. 3714 03:14:38,533 --> 03:14:39,800 As a matter of fact, 3715 03:14:39,833 --> 03:14:41,766 the government was sued by black farmers 3716 03:14:41,800 --> 03:14:45,566 over 20 years ago, and they have yet, to this day, 3717 03:14:45,600 --> 03:14:48,166 got their money for their farms. 3718 03:14:48,200 --> 03:14:50,700 So, I mean, it's terrible. 3719 03:14:50,733 --> 03:14:53,576 - Yeah, and if you notice the neighborhood - Yeah, and if you notice the neighborhood 3720 03:14:53,600 --> 03:14:55,233 And who owns the stores 3721 03:14:55,266 --> 03:14:59,600 and what we particularly eat is outrageous prices. 3722 03:14:59,633 --> 03:15:02,066 Like, my mother used Hellmann's mayonnaise. 3723 03:15:02,100 --> 03:15:03,200 You go to the store now, 3724 03:15:03,233 --> 03:15:05,933 Hellmann's mayonnaise is like $6.99 3725 03:15:05,966 --> 03:15:08,066 when it should be $3.99. 3726 03:15:08,100 --> 03:15:10,733 And the same goes for chicken wings. 3727 03:15:10,766 --> 03:15:12,633 It's more than steak now. 3728 03:15:12,666 --> 03:15:15,000 You know, it's because we eat this 3729 03:15:15,033 --> 03:15:17,600 and we're going to buy it, you know, so... 3730 03:15:17,633 --> 03:15:19,433 So it's a lot of that going on, 3731 03:15:19,466 --> 03:15:22,400 but it's almost every single aspect 3732 03:15:22,433 --> 03:15:25,700 of our lives are hit some kind of way. 3733 03:15:25,733 --> 03:15:27,733 We talk about these things that we need 3734 03:15:27,766 --> 03:15:29,966 for our children in the communities, 3735 03:15:30,000 --> 03:15:33,600 but we don't have 'em in the communities for them. 3736 03:15:33,633 --> 03:15:37,633 We don't have this... these tapes 3737 03:15:37,666 --> 03:15:41,700 that show and tell their true history. 3738 03:15:41,733 --> 03:15:44,466 The only thing we have available for them 3739 03:15:44,500 --> 03:15:50,033 are textbooks that tell them untruths. 3740 03:15:50,066 --> 03:15:51,566 Like McGraw Hill, 3741 03:15:51,600 --> 03:15:54,633 they're still printing untruths about our lives. 3742 03:15:54,666 --> 03:15:55,800 Would you tell everyone 3743 03:15:55,833 --> 03:15:57,333 about what happened with McGraw Hill, 3744 03:15:57,366 --> 03:15:59,300 because it's an interesting example. 3745 03:15:59,333 --> 03:16:02,700 Okay, McGraw Hill, we spend millions, billions of dollars 3746 03:16:02,733 --> 03:16:06,866 across our country, giving them the right 3747 03:16:06,900 --> 03:16:09,300 to write textbooks that we use 3748 03:16:09,333 --> 03:16:12,666 to educate our children on a daily basis. 3749 03:16:12,700 --> 03:16:18,766 So they wrote a textbook, and in it, it mentioned, 3750 03:16:18,800 --> 03:16:21,333 it was a section about slavery 3751 03:16:21,366 --> 03:16:23,466 and it said something to the effect, 3752 03:16:23,500 --> 03:16:25,000 I don't want to quote, 3753 03:16:25,033 --> 03:16:32,600 but the slaves came to America as workers 3754 03:16:32,633 --> 03:16:37,233 to lighten the load, but the thing that... 3755 03:16:37,266 --> 03:16:42,300 The significant point is when it... they were contacted, 3756 03:16:42,333 --> 03:16:44,233 they said that they did it 3757 03:16:44,266 --> 03:16:48,266 and they will only change the writing 3758 03:16:48,300 --> 03:16:52,200 if someone calls them and asks. 3759 03:16:52,233 --> 03:16:55,433 So if you haven't heard about it, 3760 03:16:55,466 --> 03:16:57,566 your schools haven't heard about it, 3761 03:16:57,600 --> 03:16:59,500 the books won't be changed. 3762 03:16:59,533 --> 03:17:01,700 So this is information 3763 03:17:01,733 --> 03:17:05,100 that we are allowing our children to hear 3764 03:17:05,133 --> 03:17:06,866 because the Department of Ed, 3765 03:17:06,900 --> 03:17:09,700 they have a big contract with McGraw Hill. 3766 03:17:09,733 --> 03:17:12,366 Yeah, so... So what do we do about that? 3767 03:17:12,400 --> 03:17:14,166 So McGraw Hill, in a geography book, 3768 03:17:14,200 --> 03:17:18,300 as you just described, describes, on a section, 3769 03:17:18,333 --> 03:17:21,100 immigration, and it's looking at 3770 03:17:21,133 --> 03:17:23,800 how this diverse, very diverse country, 3771 03:17:23,833 --> 03:17:26,600 a nation, that we often say, of immigrants, 3772 03:17:26,633 --> 03:17:28,200 where did its people come from? 3773 03:17:28,233 --> 03:17:30,833 And it's pitched to a ninth grade audience 3774 03:17:30,866 --> 03:17:33,966 of social studies students learning geography, 3775 03:17:34,000 --> 03:17:35,333 and in the section that looks at 3776 03:17:35,366 --> 03:17:37,166 the southeast corner of the United States 3777 03:17:37,200 --> 03:17:39,800 it's purple, meant to denote African Americans. 3778 03:17:39,833 --> 03:17:43,300 And there's a little bubble that jumps out and says, 3779 03:17:43,333 --> 03:17:47,366 between the 1500s and 1800s, immigrants from Africa 3780 03:17:47,400 --> 03:17:51,466 came to work in the southeast part of the country. 3781 03:17:51,500 --> 03:17:52,942 - I'm paraphrasing. - I'm paraphrasing. 3782 03:17:52,966 --> 03:17:54,566 Literally referred to immigrants... 3783 03:17:54,600 --> 03:17:56,266 black people as immigrant workers. 3784 03:17:56,300 --> 03:17:57,400 Workers, yeah. 3785 03:17:57,433 --> 03:17:59,566 Now, that was egregious enough, 3786 03:17:59,600 --> 03:18:02,033 but the irony, that in the passage 3787 03:18:02,066 --> 03:18:03,833 referencing indentured servants 3788 03:18:03,866 --> 03:18:07,933 to explain how people of lower economic status 3789 03:18:07,966 --> 03:18:11,266 from England and Australia arrived here, 3790 03:18:11,300 --> 03:18:15,366 said that indentured servants came and often had to work, 3791 03:18:15,400 --> 03:18:18,933 had to do difficult work for little or no pay. 3792 03:18:18,966 --> 03:18:23,600 So in reference to the quality of their experience 3793 03:18:23,633 --> 03:18:27,233 and their recompense for their contribution, 3794 03:18:27,266 --> 03:18:29,433 there's actually a qualitative judgment 3795 03:18:29,466 --> 03:18:31,433 about what happened to indentured servants 3796 03:18:31,466 --> 03:18:35,100 and nothing with reference to people of African descent. 3797 03:18:35,133 --> 03:18:36,966 And it is hard to justify this. 3798 03:18:37,000 --> 03:18:39,433 There's a page of advisors. 3799 03:18:39,466 --> 03:18:42,866 There's an editorial board, and unfortunately 3800 03:18:42,900 --> 03:18:46,700 Texas is where this textbook was being used, 3801 03:18:46,733 --> 03:18:48,733 which is the largest textbook market in the country 3802 03:18:48,766 --> 03:18:50,966 and this happens, you know, in 2015. 3803 03:18:51,000 --> 03:18:52,166 The one thing I'll say, 3804 03:18:52,200 --> 03:18:53,966 and this is a very exceptional thing to say, 3805 03:18:54,000 --> 03:18:55,366 but it is true. 3806 03:18:55,400 --> 03:18:58,066 This community happens to be very different than many others. 3807 03:18:58,100 --> 03:18:59,433 You do have the Schomburg Center. 3808 03:18:59,466 --> 03:19:00,833 Yes. 3809 03:19:00,866 --> 03:19:02,233 So, you do have a place 3810 03:19:02,266 --> 03:19:04,533 where you can spend the rest of your life 3811 03:19:04,566 --> 03:19:07,000 and sending your children there for the rest of their lives 3812 03:19:07,033 --> 03:19:09,333 to learn the truth, and the truth is complicated, 3813 03:19:09,366 --> 03:19:12,366 but you certainly can draw upon the collective wisdom 3814 03:19:12,400 --> 03:19:13,866 of people who have thought deeply 3815 03:19:13,900 --> 03:19:16,833 and paid very close attention to the historical record 3816 03:19:16,866 --> 03:19:19,266 to correct the mythologies and lies 3817 03:19:19,300 --> 03:19:21,700 about people of African descent in this country. 3818 03:19:21,733 --> 03:19:23,033 So we know that, 3819 03:19:23,066 --> 03:19:25,800 you know, the average woman makes 77 cents on the dollar 3820 03:19:25,833 --> 03:19:27,000 that the average man makes. 3821 03:19:27,033 --> 03:19:28,642 The black woman makes 62 cents on the dollar 3822 03:19:28,666 --> 03:19:30,500 for every dollar that a white man makes 3823 03:19:30,533 --> 03:19:32,833 and even less than her white counterpart. 3824 03:19:32,866 --> 03:19:35,333 So are you supposed to walk into the marketplace 3825 03:19:35,366 --> 03:19:37,533 and say "Yeah, pay me less than everybody else?" 3826 03:19:37,566 --> 03:19:39,633 Or are you supposed to say, "I want to be part 3827 03:19:39,666 --> 03:19:42,100 "of making sure that the women who come behind me 3828 03:19:42,133 --> 03:19:46,300 are paid equally for their contribution to our economy"? 3829 03:19:46,333 --> 03:19:47,466 So that's troubling. 3830 03:19:47,500 --> 03:19:49,133 And I'm not sure where that came from 3831 03:19:49,166 --> 03:19:52,566 other than this notion that there's a price to be paid 3832 03:19:52,600 --> 03:19:55,000 for standing up for justice and inequality. 3833 03:19:55,033 --> 03:19:56,400 And that's certainly true. 3834 03:19:56,433 --> 03:20:00,300 But if we don't teach our kids at an earlier date 3835 03:20:00,333 --> 03:20:03,233 something different about privileging values 3836 03:20:03,266 --> 03:20:04,866 in how we govern ourselves in the world 3837 03:20:04,900 --> 03:20:06,100 and how we think about people 3838 03:20:06,133 --> 03:20:07,733 and how we relate to one another, 3839 03:20:07,766 --> 03:20:10,066 then I'm afraid we will be reproducing 3840 03:20:10,100 --> 03:20:12,466 the same outcomes as we move forward. 3841 03:20:27,833 --> 03:20:31,066 But I fell in love with this man 3842 03:20:31,100 --> 03:20:32,833 who wanted to understand the world 3843 03:20:32,866 --> 03:20:35,900 and he's an extraordinary person 3844 03:20:35,933 --> 03:20:37,042 who leads me towards porcelain. 3845 03:20:37,066 --> 03:20:39,033 Tschirnhaus thinks that it's possible 3846 03:20:39,066 --> 03:20:42,500 to analyze the products of the arts 3847 03:20:42,533 --> 03:20:45,000 in a philosophical manner 3848 03:20:45,033 --> 03:20:48,033 that boats and bridges and buildings 3849 03:20:48,066 --> 03:20:51,700 should be considered as the arts of invention. 3850 03:20:51,733 --> 03:20:53,609 - These objects can train - These objects can train 3851 03:20:53,633 --> 03:20:56,933 What he calls the active imagination. 3852 03:20:56,966 --> 03:20:58,266 Because they exhibit 3853 03:20:58,300 --> 03:21:01,033 all the possibilities of imagination. 3854 03:21:01,066 --> 03:21:03,000 In fact, I realize, 3855 03:21:03,033 --> 03:21:06,166 he takes on the world as possibility. 3856 03:21:06,200 --> 03:21:07,866 As you walk down the street 3857 03:21:07,900 --> 03:21:10,100 there's nothing in the material world 3858 03:21:10,133 --> 03:21:12,966 that you encounter that cannot be brought 3859 03:21:13,000 --> 03:21:16,100 into this space of reflection, 3860 03:21:16,133 --> 03:21:18,100 and at each point of this reflection 3861 03:21:18,133 --> 03:21:21,233 as you pause and look with dedication, 3862 03:21:21,266 --> 03:21:23,633 at this lamppost, this gateway, 3863 03:21:23,666 --> 03:21:27,366 you recreate the manner of its creation. 3864 03:21:27,400 --> 03:21:30,533 You move through the series of actions 3865 03:21:30,566 --> 03:21:33,933 that caused it to come into being. 3866 03:21:33,966 --> 03:21:36,433 And above all, he's interested, he writes, 3867 03:21:36,466 --> 03:21:39,733 in how to obtain what should be observed 3868 03:21:39,766 --> 03:21:44,000 in the first mode of the formation of things. 3869 03:21:44,033 --> 03:21:46,766 How something comes into being is critical. 3870 03:21:46,800 --> 03:21:48,866 It's a kind of poiesis. 3871 03:21:48,900 --> 03:21:51,766 And when I read this, my heart swells. 3872 03:21:51,800 --> 03:21:53,700 This is my rubric, 3873 03:21:53,733 --> 03:21:56,633 of my journey to my white hills, 3874 03:21:56,666 --> 03:21:58,833 this tracing of the first formation 3875 03:21:58,866 --> 03:22:03,033 of porcelain from white earth into something else. 3876 03:22:03,066 --> 03:22:07,166 Tschirnhaus is describing with a passionate lucidity 3877 03:22:07,200 --> 03:22:09,266 the value of looking and thinking 3878 03:22:09,300 --> 03:22:12,066 about how an object 3879 03:22:12,100 --> 03:22:13,733 as an idea comes into being. 3880 03:22:13,766 --> 03:22:15,233 Primo Levi, 3881 03:22:15,266 --> 03:22:17,700 my hero, wrote in The Wrench 3882 03:22:17,733 --> 03:22:20,800 of the advantage of being able to test yourself, 3883 03:22:20,833 --> 03:22:22,966 not depending on others in the test, 3884 03:22:23,000 --> 03:22:25,300 reflecting yourself in your work, 3885 03:22:25,333 --> 03:22:27,900 on the pleasure of seeing your creature grow, 3886 03:22:27,933 --> 03:22:30,433 beam after beam, bolt after bolt. 3887 03:22:30,466 --> 03:22:35,766 Necessary, symmetrical, suited to purpose, 3888 03:22:35,800 --> 03:22:37,900 by which Primo Levi, a chemist 3889 03:22:37,933 --> 03:22:40,933 who spent his working life analyzing paint 3890 03:22:40,966 --> 03:22:42,866 as well as being a writer, 3891 03:22:42,900 --> 03:22:45,966 means that method is interesting. 3892 03:22:46,000 --> 03:22:49,000 Be very, very careful when you describe 3893 03:22:49,033 --> 03:22:51,700 how something is made, how it comes into shape, 3894 03:22:51,733 --> 03:22:54,866 as process is not to be skated over. 3895 03:22:54,900 --> 03:22:56,233 The manner of what we make 3896 03:22:56,266 --> 03:22:58,200 defines us. 3897 03:22:59,866 --> 03:23:03,833 Music and your work. 3898 03:23:03,866 --> 03:23:06,333 Music occupies your life... 3899 03:23:06,366 --> 03:23:09,433 Yes... and you work to it. 3900 03:23:09,466 --> 03:23:13,166 And it was this wonderful piece 3901 03:23:13,200 --> 03:23:15,733 that I read where you talk about 3902 03:23:15,766 --> 03:23:20,000 the various musical moments that mattered to you 3903 03:23:20,033 --> 03:23:23,500 from Keith Jarret to Purcell 3904 03:23:23,533 --> 03:23:25,833 to the piece we're going to listen to if we could. 281457

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