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These are the user uploaded subtitles that are being translated: 1 00:00:19,440 --> 00:00:22,640 (ALL WHISTLING AND CLICKING) 2 00:00:29,040 --> 00:00:31,880 The oceans seemingly limitless, 3 00:00:32,000 --> 00:00:37,320 invoke in us a sense of awe and wonder and also sometimes fear. 4 00:00:37,840 --> 00:00:41,320 They cover 70% of the surface of our planet, 5 00:00:41,680 --> 00:00:45,120 and yet they are still the least explored. 6 00:00:47,080 --> 00:00:50,640 Hidden beneath the waves right beneath my feet, 7 00:00:51,080 --> 00:00:54,160 there are creatures beyond our imagination. 8 00:00:57,720 --> 00:00:59,520 (WATER GURGLING) 9 00:01:09,600 --> 00:01:13,320 With revolutionary technology, we can enter new worlds... 10 00:01:13,680 --> 00:01:14,960 (DOLPHINS WHISTLING) 11 00:01:19,520 --> 00:01:21,200 ...and shine the light on behaviours 12 00:01:21,280 --> 00:01:24,440 in ways that were impossible just a generation ago. 13 00:01:28,440 --> 00:01:31,080 We've also recognized an uncomfortable fact. 14 00:01:31,680 --> 00:01:34,000 The health of our ocean is under threat. 15 00:01:34,360 --> 00:01:38,080 They're changing at a faster rate than ever before in human history. 16 00:01:44,760 --> 00:01:47,480 Never has there been a more crucial time 17 00:01:47,560 --> 00:01:52,000 to reveal what is going on beneath the surface of the seas. 18 00:02:02,400 --> 00:02:06,120 (SQUAWKING) 19 00:02:06,760 --> 00:02:09,000 In this first episode, 20 00:02:10,840 --> 00:02:15,960 we will journey across the globe from the warm waters of the tropics 21 00:02:19,000 --> 00:02:21,800 to the coldest around the poles. 22 00:02:24,360 --> 00:02:25,760 (WHALE VOCALIZING) 23 00:02:25,840 --> 00:02:30,760 To bring us a new understanding of live beneath the waves. 24 00:02:37,320 --> 00:02:39,720 This is Blue Planet II. 25 00:02:40,960 --> 00:02:45,400 (THEME MUSIC PLAYING) 26 00:03:27,720 --> 00:03:32,160 (SERENE MUSIC PLAYING) 27 00:03:38,680 --> 00:03:43,800 The surface of the ocean conceals the many creatures that live beneath 28 00:03:55,760 --> 00:03:58,560 but not all. 29 00:04:01,280 --> 00:04:03,040 Bottlenose dolphins. 30 00:04:06,400 --> 00:04:08,840 They're extremely intelligent. 31 00:04:19,080 --> 00:04:22,760 And with this intelligence comes playfulness. 32 00:04:29,640 --> 00:04:31,040 They surf. 33 00:04:32,640 --> 00:04:37,680 And as far as we can tell, they do so for the sheer joy of it. 34 00:04:37,800 --> 00:04:38,880 (DOLPHINS WHISTLING) 35 00:05:05,520 --> 00:05:08,480 But to properly appreciate their true character, 36 00:05:09,640 --> 00:05:14,040 you have to travel with them into their world. 37 00:05:15,760 --> 00:05:19,280 (WHISTLING AND CLICKING) 38 00:05:27,240 --> 00:05:32,360 A pod of bottlenose dolphins is visiting a coral reef in the Red Sea. 39 00:05:34,880 --> 00:05:38,240 For the youngsters, there are things to be learned here. 40 00:05:47,440 --> 00:05:52,200 The adults lead a calf to a particular bush-like coral 41 00:05:52,600 --> 00:05:54,960 called a Gorgonian. 42 00:05:58,480 --> 00:06:00,080 (WHISTLING AND CLICKING) 43 00:06:08,040 --> 00:06:12,040 And here, the adults behave rather strangely. 44 00:06:17,920 --> 00:06:21,720 They deliberately rub themselves through the fronds. 45 00:06:34,400 --> 00:06:37,640 Their calf seems reluctant to do so. 46 00:06:50,200 --> 00:06:51,680 By watching his elders, 47 00:06:51,760 --> 00:06:55,760 he may be realizing that this is something he ought to do. 48 00:07:02,520 --> 00:07:06,240 Gorgonia fronds, in fact, are covered with a mucous 49 00:07:06,360 --> 00:07:10,960 that can have anti-inflammatory and antimicrobial properties. 50 00:07:15,680 --> 00:07:18,520 So maybe the adult dolphins are doing this 51 00:07:18,600 --> 00:07:20,720 to protect themselves from infection. 52 00:07:30,760 --> 00:07:33,640 The dolphins' intimate knowledge of the reef 53 00:07:35,720 --> 00:07:40,120 is spurring us to search for new medicines here, too. 54 00:07:49,400 --> 00:07:51,000 Tropical coral reefs 55 00:07:51,080 --> 00:07:55,200 occupy only a tenth of one percent of the ocean floor. 56 00:07:57,920 --> 00:08:02,240 But their shallow warm waters and stable year round conditions, 57 00:08:02,360 --> 00:08:05,920 support some of the most crowded and varied communities 58 00:08:06,040 --> 00:08:08,600 to be found anywhere in the oceans. 59 00:08:11,720 --> 00:08:15,640 And there are new discoveries to be made on every one of them. 60 00:08:36,440 --> 00:08:39,800 One creature on Australia's Great Barrier Reef 61 00:08:39,920 --> 00:08:44,280 is challenging our understanding of fish intelligence. 62 00:08:45,080 --> 00:08:46,320 A tusk fish. 63 00:08:47,200 --> 00:08:49,320 And you can see why it gets its name. 64 00:08:54,720 --> 00:08:58,600 He does something few would have believed a fish could do. 65 00:09:05,640 --> 00:09:09,160 Every morning, he travels to the edge of the reef. 66 00:09:23,720 --> 00:09:26,200 He's searching for something special to eat 67 00:09:26,280 --> 00:09:28,760 amongst the coral and sand. 68 00:09:40,040 --> 00:09:41,240 Here's one. 69 00:09:43,320 --> 00:09:44,840 A small clam. 70 00:09:52,720 --> 00:09:55,600 But how to crack it open and get to the meat? 71 00:10:07,200 --> 00:10:08,920 He takes it all the way back 72 00:10:09,880 --> 00:10:11,600 to his special kitchen. 73 00:10:20,400 --> 00:10:22,120 A bowl-shaped coral 74 00:10:22,560 --> 00:10:27,240 that has a particular bump on the inside that he always uses. 75 00:10:44,320 --> 00:10:48,040 It's not easy if you have no hands. 76 00:10:56,120 --> 00:10:57,320 Whoops. 77 00:10:58,400 --> 00:10:59,840 There he goes again. 78 00:11:04,120 --> 00:11:06,600 But he's got great determination 79 00:11:12,880 --> 00:11:14,960 and surprising accuracy. 80 00:11:34,480 --> 00:11:35,800 At last. 81 00:11:38,840 --> 00:11:41,880 So here is a fish that uses tools. 82 00:11:43,880 --> 00:11:48,240 Some fish are much cleverer than you might suppose. 83 00:11:59,440 --> 00:12:02,800 (BIRDS CHIRPING) 84 00:12:05,120 --> 00:12:08,200 The density of the animals on tropical reefs 85 00:12:08,320 --> 00:12:11,840 makes competition inevitable and extreme. 86 00:12:13,000 --> 00:12:16,040 Not only for those that lived within the reef, 87 00:12:17,320 --> 00:12:19,800 but for the birds that fly above them. 88 00:12:20,080 --> 00:12:23,120 (SQUAWKING AND CHIRPING) 89 00:12:23,240 --> 00:12:24,880 During the dry season, 90 00:12:25,120 --> 00:12:27,360 over half a million terns 91 00:12:27,480 --> 00:12:30,960 crowd onto this remote atoll in the Indian Ocean. 92 00:12:36,600 --> 00:12:38,480 (CHIRPING) 93 00:12:38,720 --> 00:12:42,360 Their chicks are still in their dark, juvenile plumage. 94 00:12:47,120 --> 00:12:48,760 They vary in age. 95 00:12:57,200 --> 00:13:00,440 Whilst the more advanced chicks take to the air, 96 00:13:07,840 --> 00:13:10,080 others aren't quite ready yet. 97 00:13:10,160 --> 00:13:11,600 (CHIRPING) 98 00:13:22,000 --> 00:13:23,040 (CHIRPS) 99 00:13:30,600 --> 00:13:33,200 Those just starting to learn to fly 100 00:13:33,280 --> 00:13:37,080 use the shallow lagoon that occupies the centre of the atoll 101 00:13:37,160 --> 00:13:38,880 as their training ground. 102 00:13:41,360 --> 00:13:45,120 It's difficult for some of them to stay aloft for long. 103 00:13:49,240 --> 00:13:53,000 (DRAMATIC MUSIC PLAYING) 104 00:14:08,640 --> 00:14:10,680 Giant trevallies. 105 00:14:23,320 --> 00:14:26,720 Usually, they're solitary hunters, 106 00:14:26,920 --> 00:14:30,920 but about 50 of them have come here from neighbouring reefs 107 00:14:31,040 --> 00:14:34,520 attracted by this abundance of potential prey. 108 00:14:35,560 --> 00:14:39,360 (DRAMATIC MUSIC PLAYING) 109 00:14:42,520 --> 00:14:45,600 The fledglings stay out of the water if they can, 110 00:14:47,560 --> 00:14:49,560 they even drink on the wing. 111 00:15:01,400 --> 00:15:02,920 (SQUAWKING) 112 00:15:07,400 --> 00:15:09,760 If the trevally are to catch one now, 113 00:15:10,760 --> 00:15:12,680 they have to up their game. 114 00:15:22,520 --> 00:15:25,600 So there is a fish here that amazingly 115 00:15:25,680 --> 00:15:29,760 has a brain capable of calculating the airspeed, 116 00:15:29,840 --> 00:15:33,040 altitude and trajectory of a bird. 117 00:16:04,320 --> 00:16:08,320 The time comes when every fledgling has to take to the air 118 00:16:08,440 --> 00:16:10,480 and collect food for itself. 119 00:16:16,000 --> 00:16:21,280 (DRAMATIC MUSIC PLAYING) 120 00:16:34,200 --> 00:16:37,760 Their parents lead them to the training grounds. 121 00:16:52,080 --> 00:16:54,960 (SQUAWKING) 122 00:17:05,320 --> 00:17:08,760 (SQUAWKING FRANTICALLY) 123 00:17:18,440 --> 00:17:21,560 (CONTINUES SQUAWKING) 124 00:18:12,280 --> 00:18:14,240 If they're to survive, 125 00:18:14,880 --> 00:18:16,480 they must learn quickly. 126 00:18:25,000 --> 00:18:28,120 After a month of practising over the lagoon, 127 00:18:28,240 --> 00:18:30,080 the youngsters start to leave 128 00:18:30,160 --> 00:18:33,200 and take their chances out over the open sea. 129 00:18:40,520 --> 00:18:46,040 The oceans hold 97% of all the water in the world. 130 00:18:48,680 --> 00:18:52,320 As the sun warms their surface, water evaporates. 131 00:18:53,240 --> 00:18:55,360 The vapour rises into the sky 132 00:18:55,440 --> 00:18:59,280 until it cools and condenses into towering clouds. 133 00:18:59,800 --> 00:19:01,840 (THUNDERING) 134 00:19:02,040 --> 00:19:05,360 And they generate huge storms. 135 00:19:09,040 --> 00:19:12,520 The spin of the earth deflects these storms 136 00:19:12,600 --> 00:19:15,800 north and south into cooler latitudes. 137 00:19:24,240 --> 00:19:26,360 As they travel across the sea, 138 00:19:26,560 --> 00:19:30,600 storm-driven winds create huge swells. 139 00:19:33,680 --> 00:19:38,240 (SWEEPING MUSIC PLAYING) 140 00:19:42,800 --> 00:19:45,160 When the swells reach shallower waters, 141 00:19:45,480 --> 00:19:48,920 they rise into gigantic waves. 142 00:20:06,320 --> 00:20:10,640 In its lifetime, a large storm can release energy 143 00:20:10,720 --> 00:20:14,800 that is the equivalent of 10,000 nuclear bombs. 144 00:20:39,480 --> 00:20:42,400 These are the seasonal seas. 145 00:20:45,440 --> 00:20:47,200 And when they warm in spring, 146 00:20:47,440 --> 00:20:50,280 they can suddenly explode with life. 147 00:20:53,120 --> 00:20:57,240 (WHIMSICAL MUSIC PLAYING) 148 00:21:05,200 --> 00:21:09,240 Mobula rays have gathered in Mexico's Sea of Cortez 149 00:21:09,360 --> 00:21:11,040 in vast numbers. 150 00:21:18,480 --> 00:21:19,800 Why do they leap? 151 00:21:22,640 --> 00:21:24,880 Is it to tell others that they're here? 152 00:21:28,360 --> 00:21:29,840 No one knows. 153 00:21:33,280 --> 00:21:35,720 They feed mostly at night 154 00:21:35,840 --> 00:21:40,840 for that is when vast swarms of plankton rise from the depths. 155 00:21:46,920 --> 00:21:51,440 The disturbance in the water stimulates many of the planktonic creatures 156 00:21:51,520 --> 00:21:53,120 to luminesce. 157 00:21:54,680 --> 00:21:59,600 Only now do we have the technology to record their faint glow. 158 00:22:08,640 --> 00:22:11,080 The feasting rays swim through them 159 00:22:11,160 --> 00:22:15,600 creating an extraordinary ballet of life and death. 160 00:22:17,160 --> 00:22:22,800 (DRAMATIC MUSIC PLAYING) 161 00:22:31,360 --> 00:22:32,760 (SWISHING) 162 00:23:03,800 --> 00:23:08,240 The richness of these waters is based on microscopic plants, 163 00:23:08,600 --> 00:23:10,000 phytoplankton, 164 00:23:10,320 --> 00:23:14,600 which bloom on such a massive scale they benefit us all. 165 00:23:17,920 --> 00:23:21,360 They, together with seaweeds and seagrasses, 166 00:23:21,520 --> 00:23:23,280 produce as much oxygen 167 00:23:23,360 --> 00:23:27,240 as all the forests and grassy plains on land. 168 00:23:38,480 --> 00:23:40,840 Every spring off New Zealand, 169 00:23:40,920 --> 00:23:44,640 the seasonal bounty draws in rare visitors. 170 00:23:47,480 --> 00:23:49,400 (SPOUTING FORCEFULLY) 171 00:23:53,080 --> 00:23:55,080 False killer whales. 172 00:23:58,680 --> 00:24:00,600 They're relatives of the orca, 173 00:24:00,720 --> 00:24:03,880 six metres long and weighing over a tonne. 174 00:24:04,000 --> 00:24:06,400 (WHISTLING) 175 00:24:12,800 --> 00:24:16,000 They appear to be searching for dolphins. 176 00:24:19,160 --> 00:24:22,240 And there are many in these coastal waters. 177 00:24:24,080 --> 00:24:25,840 (WHISTLING AND CLICKING) 178 00:24:31,760 --> 00:24:34,480 Here, bottlenose dolphins stick together 179 00:24:34,560 --> 00:24:37,720 constantly chattering with whistles and clicks. 180 00:24:47,280 --> 00:24:50,560 Such a din carries for miles underwater. 181 00:24:51,800 --> 00:24:55,480 (ALL WHISTLING AND CLICKING) 182 00:24:56,640 --> 00:24:59,200 The false killers have detected them. 183 00:25:03,160 --> 00:25:07,560 (DRAMATIC MUSIC PLAYING) 184 00:25:16,120 --> 00:25:19,040 (ALL WHISTLING AND CLICKING) 185 00:25:22,360 --> 00:25:26,080 Travelling at ten knots, the killers quickly close in on them. 186 00:25:44,000 --> 00:25:47,840 But then, something truly extraordinary happens. 187 00:25:49,440 --> 00:25:52,680 (ALL WHISTLING AND CLICKING) 188 00:25:53,560 --> 00:25:55,440 The dolphins turn 189 00:25:56,600 --> 00:25:59,440 as if to greet their pursuers. 190 00:26:03,600 --> 00:26:06,920 (KILLER SINGS) 191 00:26:07,400 --> 00:26:09,800 They seem to change their course. 192 00:26:11,800 --> 00:26:15,080 Could it be that they're attempting to communicate? 193 00:26:24,600 --> 00:26:27,560 Scientists studying this annual encounter, 194 00:26:27,680 --> 00:26:31,520 now think that individuals may recognize one another. 195 00:26:35,000 --> 00:26:38,920 Almost unbelievably, it seems that these different species 196 00:26:39,000 --> 00:26:41,040 appear to be old friends. 197 00:26:48,520 --> 00:26:52,000 Together they're gathering as one unified army 198 00:26:52,080 --> 00:26:54,040 up to a thousand strong. 199 00:27:01,800 --> 00:27:06,040 This formidable hunting party now harvests the riches 200 00:27:06,280 --> 00:27:08,400 that come with New Zealand's summer. 201 00:27:31,040 --> 00:27:33,560 All across the higher latitudes, 202 00:27:33,800 --> 00:27:37,520 seasonal seas flourish under the summer sun. 203 00:27:39,320 --> 00:27:40,560 (GRUNTS) 204 00:27:40,640 --> 00:27:44,120 Here in Alaska, sea otters lounge in the canopy 205 00:27:44,200 --> 00:27:46,600 of great submarine forests. 206 00:27:53,680 --> 00:28:00,640 Giant kelp, the biggest seaweed of all is home to all kinds of life. 207 00:28:02,040 --> 00:28:06,480 On the forest floor, spiny sea urchins munch through the kelp. 208 00:28:08,760 --> 00:28:12,520 Elsewhere there are continuously hungry sea cucumbers 209 00:28:16,160 --> 00:28:18,120 And in the tangled undergrowth, 210 00:28:18,240 --> 00:28:21,640 wonderfully camouflaged sea dragons. 211 00:28:24,760 --> 00:28:28,520 (BIRDS CHIRPING) 212 00:28:32,040 --> 00:28:35,640 In the underwater forests of northern Japan, 213 00:28:36,760 --> 00:28:38,760 the residents of this sunken wreck 214 00:28:38,840 --> 00:28:43,880 are waiting for the summer temperatures to reach 16 degrees Celsius. 215 00:28:46,200 --> 00:28:49,400 (WRECK CREAKING) 216 00:28:55,720 --> 00:28:59,600 That for some is the time for mating. 217 00:29:07,760 --> 00:29:11,160 (ETHEREAL MUSIC PLAYING) 218 00:29:13,280 --> 00:29:16,360 A kind of giant wrasse called a Kobudai. 219 00:29:23,640 --> 00:29:25,080 This is a male. 220 00:29:29,880 --> 00:29:33,720 And in female terms, he's particularly handsome. 221 00:29:41,520 --> 00:29:45,880 He's a metre long and weighs 15 kilos. 222 00:29:48,720 --> 00:29:51,880 Much larger than the diminutive female, 223 00:29:55,800 --> 00:29:58,160 and he is ready to breed. 224 00:30:01,320 --> 00:30:02,920 He attempts to mate with her 225 00:30:04,280 --> 00:30:08,640 and with any of the dozen or so females that live in his territory, 226 00:30:10,280 --> 00:30:12,120 whenever he gets the chance. 227 00:30:26,720 --> 00:30:29,720 But females from around ten years old 228 00:30:29,880 --> 00:30:32,840 take little notice of his advances. 229 00:31:00,320 --> 00:31:05,000 This is because when any large female reaches a critical body size, 230 00:31:05,520 --> 00:31:08,920 she can begin a dramatic transformation. 231 00:31:09,640 --> 00:31:13,480 (DRAMATIC MUSIC PLAYING) 232 00:31:26,440 --> 00:31:28,200 Over just a few months, 233 00:31:28,320 --> 00:31:32,560 particular enzymes inside her body cease to work, 234 00:31:34,560 --> 00:31:38,200 and male hormones start to circulate. 235 00:31:42,200 --> 00:31:43,800 As time passes, 236 00:31:45,080 --> 00:31:46,720 her head expands 237 00:31:47,400 --> 00:31:49,320 and her chin gets longer. 238 00:31:52,360 --> 00:31:56,280 A she has changed into a he. 239 00:31:57,160 --> 00:32:01,040 (SWEEPING MUSIC PLAYING) 240 00:32:05,720 --> 00:32:08,640 And with this comes a change in temperament. 241 00:32:09,120 --> 00:32:12,920 (DRAMATIC MUSIC PLAYING) 242 00:32:15,160 --> 00:32:18,320 The old male who rules all the females here 243 00:32:20,520 --> 00:32:22,960 is challenged to a face off. 244 00:32:29,200 --> 00:32:31,240 The more bulbous the head, 245 00:32:31,760 --> 00:32:34,840 the more it intimidates an opponent. 246 00:32:38,920 --> 00:32:43,040 (DRAMATIC MUSIC CONTINUES) 247 00:33:01,400 --> 00:33:04,160 The territory has a new ruler. 248 00:33:16,560 --> 00:33:20,760 Only the largest females transform themselves in this way. 249 00:33:26,400 --> 00:33:29,760 But the change enables them to have more mates, 250 00:33:30,080 --> 00:33:34,040 so they will have many more offspring carrying their genes. 251 00:33:40,040 --> 00:33:42,640 But a new male can't afford to be complacent. 252 00:33:45,360 --> 00:33:48,680 Inside the body of every Kobudai female, 253 00:33:49,560 --> 00:33:52,320 there is a new male in waiting. 254 00:33:52,480 --> 00:33:56,520 (SINISTER MUSIC PLAYING) 255 00:34:11,840 --> 00:34:16,720 The closer we travel towards the poles, the colder the seas become. 256 00:34:20,320 --> 00:34:21,840 Icebergs appear. 257 00:34:21,960 --> 00:34:24,640 Huge slabs that have broken away 258 00:34:24,720 --> 00:34:26,760 from glaciers that are sliding into the sea. 259 00:34:28,560 --> 00:34:32,120 And then the surface starts to freeze. 260 00:34:42,360 --> 00:34:45,480 While the lights of the aurora play above, 261 00:34:45,720 --> 00:34:47,560 even in the depths of midwinter, 262 00:34:48,160 --> 00:34:51,680 there are a few places well north of the Arctic circle 263 00:34:51,800 --> 00:34:53,240 that are still open. 264 00:35:04,360 --> 00:35:08,040 The fjords of northern Norway remain ice free 265 00:35:08,120 --> 00:35:11,000 because a giant current, the Gulf Stream, 266 00:35:11,080 --> 00:35:12,960 flows up here from the south 267 00:35:13,040 --> 00:35:16,160 bringing warmth all the way from the Caribbean. 268 00:35:20,040 --> 00:35:21,520 And every winter, 269 00:35:21,600 --> 00:35:24,960 billions of herring come here for shelter. 270 00:35:28,960 --> 00:35:30,600 And following them... 271 00:35:30,680 --> 00:35:32,400 (SPOUTING FORCEFULLY) 272 00:35:33,160 --> 00:35:34,360 ...Orca. 273 00:35:44,120 --> 00:35:46,280 (SINGING) 274 00:35:46,360 --> 00:35:48,680 There are up to a thousand of them. 275 00:35:50,480 --> 00:35:54,680 It's possibly the greatest gathering of orca on the planet. 276 00:36:04,520 --> 00:36:08,680 The herring maybe plentiful but in these winding fjords 277 00:36:08,760 --> 00:36:11,520 they're not always easy to track down. 278 00:36:15,920 --> 00:36:18,200 These particular orca, however, 279 00:36:18,600 --> 00:36:21,000 are fish hunting specialists. 280 00:36:30,080 --> 00:36:31,320 They work as a team, 281 00:36:31,440 --> 00:36:35,920 coordinating their approach by calling loudly to one another. 282 00:36:36,280 --> 00:36:40,920 (ALL SINGING) 283 00:36:41,040 --> 00:36:44,640 They herd the herring into tighter and tighter shoals. 284 00:36:59,600 --> 00:37:01,160 They swim below them, 285 00:37:01,240 --> 00:37:03,720 trapping them against the surface of the sea. 286 00:37:12,560 --> 00:37:16,320 And now the orca deploy their special weapon. 287 00:37:18,320 --> 00:37:21,400 (DRAMATIC MUSIC PLAYING) 288 00:37:21,600 --> 00:37:24,560 They beat their tails with such force, 289 00:37:24,680 --> 00:37:27,480 that the shock waves stun the herring. 290 00:37:30,160 --> 00:37:34,240 And then the senseless victims are easily collected. 291 00:38:08,200 --> 00:38:12,080 But all this underwater noise attracts others. 292 00:38:13,360 --> 00:38:17,280 (GROANING) 293 00:38:19,920 --> 00:38:21,640 Humpback whales. 294 00:38:23,240 --> 00:38:25,680 They move in on the action. 295 00:38:28,760 --> 00:38:30,640 (CONTINUES GROANING) 296 00:38:33,960 --> 00:38:37,960 They approach the shoal from beneath and then lunge upwards, 297 00:38:44,320 --> 00:38:48,680 gathering up to a hundred kilos of herring in a single mouthful. 298 00:39:07,440 --> 00:39:10,360 The humpbacks are comparative newcomers. 299 00:39:11,280 --> 00:39:14,640 They only started coming here within the last decade. 300 00:39:25,640 --> 00:39:28,600 But these polars seas are so rich 301 00:39:28,720 --> 00:39:31,520 that there appears to be enough food for everyone. 302 00:39:32,000 --> 00:39:38,360 (ALL WHALES SINGING) 303 00:39:53,760 --> 00:39:57,000 Nonetheless, few if any of these riches 304 00:39:57,120 --> 00:40:00,560 would be here were it not for the Gulf Stream. 305 00:40:09,640 --> 00:40:14,280 Ocean currents, in fact, are crucial to the well being of our planet. 306 00:40:15,040 --> 00:40:18,800 (DRAMATIC MUSIC PLAYING) 307 00:40:19,280 --> 00:40:22,400 They distribute the sun's heat towards the poles 308 00:40:22,480 --> 00:40:24,080 all the way from the equator, 309 00:40:26,640 --> 00:40:31,000 maintaining a climate favourable for life almost everywhere. 310 00:40:37,520 --> 00:40:40,720 From creating the weather to producing oxygen, 311 00:40:40,800 --> 00:40:43,600 the seas keep our world healthy. 312 00:40:52,760 --> 00:40:55,200 But there are now worrying signs 313 00:40:55,320 --> 00:40:56,880 that conditions in the oceans 314 00:40:56,960 --> 00:40:59,760 that have remained relatively stable for millennia 315 00:41:00,160 --> 00:41:01,960 are changing radically. 316 00:41:03,840 --> 00:41:07,360 Nowhere is this more evident than in the Arctic. 317 00:41:09,600 --> 00:41:11,560 Here in the past 30 years, 318 00:41:11,680 --> 00:41:16,280 the extent of the ice in summer has been reduced by 40%. 319 00:41:17,400 --> 00:41:19,120 This sudden warming, 320 00:41:19,280 --> 00:41:22,080 most likely a consequence of human activity, 321 00:41:22,440 --> 00:41:26,160 is having a profound impact on its wildlife. 322 00:41:33,080 --> 00:41:37,000 Walruses are among those that are seriously affected. 323 00:41:37,080 --> 00:41:39,040 (GROANING) 324 00:41:46,400 --> 00:41:50,280 Every adult female needs to find a safe place 325 00:41:50,680 --> 00:41:53,360 where her 80-kilo pup can rest. 326 00:41:56,520 --> 00:41:57,840 The sea ice is retreating 327 00:41:57,920 --> 00:42:00,560 from much of the walrus' traditional range, 328 00:42:00,760 --> 00:42:03,920 so they now have to haul out on dry land. 329 00:42:04,000 --> 00:42:08,240 (ALL GROANING) 330 00:42:09,240 --> 00:42:12,680 But a herd of hundreds of quarrelsome mothers, 331 00:42:12,760 --> 00:42:16,800 some weighing almost a tonne, is not an ideal nursery. 332 00:42:17,520 --> 00:42:23,480 (ALL GROANING AGGRESSIVELY) 333 00:42:25,920 --> 00:42:29,760 Walruses on land stick together for good reason. 334 00:42:31,960 --> 00:42:33,280 Polar bears. 335 00:42:37,760 --> 00:42:41,000 A full grown male walrus is gigantic, 336 00:42:41,080 --> 00:42:43,840 too big for even a polar bear to tackle. 337 00:42:45,800 --> 00:42:49,200 So the bear is looking for a walrus baby. 338 00:42:52,720 --> 00:42:54,880 (GROANING) 339 00:42:55,280 --> 00:42:58,560 The scent of the bear spreads alarm through the colony. 340 00:43:05,960 --> 00:43:08,320 The walruses retreat into the sea. 341 00:43:26,480 --> 00:43:29,840 The bear knows it won't be able to catch them there. 342 00:43:39,680 --> 00:43:42,480 But she too has young ones to feed. 343 00:43:49,800 --> 00:43:52,680 What is a mother to do? 344 00:43:58,040 --> 00:44:00,960 (GROANING) 345 00:44:02,720 --> 00:44:05,560 A mother walrus still needs to find a place 346 00:44:05,680 --> 00:44:07,280 where her young can rest. 347 00:44:14,960 --> 00:44:17,200 A melting iceberg might do, 348 00:44:18,520 --> 00:44:21,640 but she is not the first to find this one. 349 00:44:29,160 --> 00:44:32,040 Suitable places are already taken. 350 00:44:33,720 --> 00:44:37,680 (SOLEMN MUSIC PLAYING) 351 00:45:05,320 --> 00:45:07,960 Other mothers don't want to share. 352 00:45:12,760 --> 00:45:16,240 They, too, need a patch of ice where they can protect their young. 353 00:45:20,840 --> 00:45:22,400 (GROANING) 354 00:45:22,480 --> 00:45:27,160 A desperate mother has no choice but to barge her way in. 355 00:45:34,760 --> 00:45:37,720 (GROANING AGGRESSIVELY) 356 00:45:50,400 --> 00:45:53,200 So this time everyone loses. 357 00:46:18,480 --> 00:46:21,480 Finding the right place on these melting shores 358 00:46:21,720 --> 00:46:24,480 gets harder and harder. 359 00:46:59,080 --> 00:47:04,840 Solving these problems together helps create a bond so strong 360 00:47:04,920 --> 00:47:09,600 that the mother will stay in contact with her young for the rest of her life. 361 00:47:21,200 --> 00:47:24,800 But who knows now what their future will be. 362 00:47:26,200 --> 00:47:30,520 (ETHEREAL MUSIC PLAYING) 363 00:47:38,600 --> 00:47:41,920 As we understand more about the complexity 364 00:47:42,080 --> 00:47:44,400 of the lives of sea creatures, 365 00:47:45,720 --> 00:47:49,840 so we begin to appreciate the fragility of their home. 366 00:47:51,640 --> 00:47:53,360 Our blue planet. 367 00:48:29,200 --> 00:48:32,760 Blue Planet II has been four years in the making. 368 00:48:35,560 --> 00:48:38,120 The teams have explored every ocean, 369 00:48:38,240 --> 00:48:41,120 seeking extraordinary untold stories, 370 00:48:41,200 --> 00:48:42,880 many new to science. 371 00:48:49,720 --> 00:48:53,760 Bringing a new understanding of life beneath the waves. 372 00:49:00,120 --> 00:49:01,800 (SPEAKING INDISTINCTLY) 373 00:49:04,400 --> 00:49:08,680 The latest diving technology producing no bubbles or noise 374 00:49:08,800 --> 00:49:12,560 has allowed our teams longer and closer encounters. 375 00:49:19,400 --> 00:49:22,760 DAVID: To explore our final frontier, the deep, 376 00:49:22,840 --> 00:49:26,240 we have spent a thousand hours in submersibles 377 00:49:26,360 --> 00:49:29,040 over half a mile below the surface. 378 00:49:33,000 --> 00:49:35,400 Innovative new camera technology 379 00:49:35,480 --> 00:49:39,160 makes it possible to film moments never seen before. 380 00:49:41,480 --> 00:49:46,920 Low-light cameras capture magical events almost invisible to the naked eye. 381 00:49:58,000 --> 00:50:01,200 DAVID: Probe cameras give a completely fresh perspective 382 00:50:01,280 --> 00:50:03,760 into the lives of tiny creatures. 383 00:50:04,120 --> 00:50:06,040 MAN: Here he comes, here he comes. 384 00:50:06,160 --> 00:50:11,280 DAVID: While suction cameras take us on a giant's eye view of the ocean. 385 00:50:18,280 --> 00:50:22,520 But the sea is an unpredictable and dangerous place to work. 386 00:50:27,240 --> 00:50:31,640 Nowhere more so than the so called wild coast of South Africa. 387 00:50:34,920 --> 00:50:37,320 Home to surfing dolphins. 388 00:50:42,920 --> 00:50:47,280 The team's mission here is to ride alongside the dolphins 389 00:50:47,360 --> 00:50:51,880 and record their surfing behaviour in closer detail than ever before. 390 00:50:55,280 --> 00:50:57,440 These are treacherous seas, 391 00:50:57,560 --> 00:51:01,960 so the film crew enlists local professional surfers to guide them. 392 00:51:10,680 --> 00:51:15,160 But this year, the waves are bigger than anyone had anticipated. 393 00:51:16,960 --> 00:51:21,080 A daunting prospect for surf cameraman, Chris Bryan. 394 00:51:22,600 --> 00:51:25,440 Yeah, I'm feeling pretty nervous, the, uh... 395 00:51:25,640 --> 00:51:27,160 It's a big swell out there. 396 00:51:27,640 --> 00:51:30,960 Really big swell. Like there's 20-foot waves out there, 397 00:51:31,040 --> 00:51:35,600 and, um, yeah this will probably be the biggest seas I've ever been out in. 398 00:51:36,280 --> 00:51:38,560 No risks, no reward, I guess. (CHUCKLES) 399 00:51:40,280 --> 00:51:42,120 DAVID: Chris has a high-speed camera 400 00:51:42,200 --> 00:51:45,680 to shoot super slow motion action in the waves. 401 00:51:50,560 --> 00:51:54,960 The challenge is to get as close to the wave-riding dolphins as possible. 402 00:51:57,960 --> 00:52:01,920 The good news is that the dolphins have been spotted on the horizon. 403 00:52:02,240 --> 00:52:06,720 (DRAMATIC MUSIC PLAYING) 404 00:52:07,160 --> 00:52:10,880 Um, they said this was gonna be the biggest swell of the year and... 405 00:52:11,360 --> 00:52:13,400 Hey, I've never seen anything like this. 406 00:52:13,480 --> 00:52:16,280 This is much bigger that I'd possibly imagined. 407 00:52:23,200 --> 00:52:24,520 DAVID: In these waves, 408 00:52:24,600 --> 00:52:28,480 the only way to get out to the dolphins is with a jet ski. 409 00:52:30,000 --> 00:52:31,800 JONATHAN: It's gonna be enough of a challenge for them 410 00:52:31,880 --> 00:52:33,360 to just kind of weave their way out. 411 00:52:40,080 --> 00:52:41,200 (GASPS) 412 00:52:58,000 --> 00:53:01,080 DAVID: At last, the driver's detailed knowledge 413 00:53:01,160 --> 00:53:03,600 gets them safely through the massive breakers, 414 00:53:06,280 --> 00:53:08,880 but the dolphins are nowhere to be seen. 415 00:53:12,240 --> 00:53:15,440 Leaving the crew to face the hair-raising task 416 00:53:15,520 --> 00:53:17,040 of getting back to shore. 417 00:53:20,440 --> 00:53:24,120 (DRAMATIC MUSIC PLAYING) 418 00:53:31,520 --> 00:53:33,320 Keep going, keep going! 419 00:53:43,400 --> 00:53:44,520 Whoa! 420 00:53:48,120 --> 00:53:49,640 -(LAUGHING) -MAN: How was that? 421 00:53:49,720 --> 00:53:51,520 That was pretty wild, yeah. 422 00:53:51,720 --> 00:53:54,360 The wave actually hit the back of the sled, 423 00:53:54,760 --> 00:53:57,080 and I was like, "Go, go. Get out of here, guys. Get out of here." 424 00:53:57,200 --> 00:53:58,720 Heard a big bump and almost bounced off 425 00:53:58,800 --> 00:54:01,880 trying to hold the camera and, um, just rode out of there, 426 00:54:01,960 --> 00:54:03,400 but, yeah, it was hectic. 427 00:54:04,200 --> 00:54:06,640 Just another day at the office. (LAUGHING) 428 00:54:11,760 --> 00:54:15,680 DAVID: The next day brings a sudden change in conditions. 429 00:54:19,960 --> 00:54:21,720 Plenty of dolphins... 430 00:54:22,520 --> 00:54:24,080 but a calmer sea. 431 00:54:24,840 --> 00:54:27,800 MAN: We've got a complete lack of any wave at all. 432 00:54:29,200 --> 00:54:31,200 Look out, look out, look out. 433 00:54:35,080 --> 00:54:36,960 DAVID: As so often in the ocean, 434 00:54:37,040 --> 00:54:38,960 if you know you're in the right place, 435 00:54:39,040 --> 00:54:42,400 you just need the patience to wait for the perfect moment. 436 00:54:49,880 --> 00:54:52,960 A week later and a storm is once again brewing 437 00:54:53,040 --> 00:54:57,280 off the wild coast and surf is building. 438 00:54:57,720 --> 00:54:59,080 JONATHAN: Feel like a nervous excitement. 439 00:54:59,160 --> 00:55:03,280 The conditions are absolutely perfect. It's what we've been waiting for. 440 00:55:04,520 --> 00:55:06,640 DAVID: And the dolphins seem to know it. 441 00:55:08,480 --> 00:55:11,560 But Chris is struggling to get a steady shot. 442 00:55:15,480 --> 00:55:16,760 CHRIS: Look at that. 443 00:55:17,880 --> 00:55:19,920 Hello, gentleman. Uh, this is tricky. 444 00:55:20,480 --> 00:55:23,880 Little tricky no the jet ski, uh, just trying to get the right angle. 445 00:55:24,000 --> 00:55:25,320 So, I'm gonna have a go on the zodiac 446 00:55:25,400 --> 00:55:27,400 and hopefully have better luck on that one. 447 00:55:39,360 --> 00:55:42,360 DAVID: The inflatable boat gives Chris a larger, 448 00:55:42,440 --> 00:55:44,680 more stable filming platform. 449 00:55:47,720 --> 00:55:52,520 At last, he's in exactly the right place at exactly the right time. 450 00:55:57,800 --> 00:55:59,920 And the results are spectacular. 451 00:56:00,960 --> 00:56:03,080 MAN: That's amazing! (LAUGHS) 452 00:56:11,320 --> 00:56:12,800 DAVID: Mission accomplished. 453 00:56:12,880 --> 00:56:16,960 (UPBEAT MUSIC PLAYING) 454 00:56:19,760 --> 00:56:22,720 And this intimate footage is now available 455 00:56:22,800 --> 00:56:25,640 as part of wider scientific studies. 456 00:56:29,400 --> 00:56:32,120 Supporting evidence that dolphins surf 457 00:56:32,240 --> 00:56:35,600 to strengthen friendships, develop social skills 458 00:56:35,680 --> 00:56:39,360 and for the sheer exhilaration of it. 459 00:56:50,160 --> 00:56:51,240 Next time. 460 00:56:52,440 --> 00:56:53,800 The deep. 461 00:56:54,880 --> 00:56:57,800 A world richer than we ever though possible, 462 00:56:59,200 --> 00:57:00,640 where creatures thrive, 463 00:57:02,400 --> 00:57:05,840 in the most extreme conditions on earth. 464 00:57:13,600 --> 00:57:18,000 (THEME MUSIC PLAYING) 34176

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