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If people did not sometimes...
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...do silly things,
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nothing...
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...intelligent would ever get done.
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If people did not sometimes do silly things,
nothing intelligent would ever get done.
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00:00:53,760 --> 00:00:55,560
Hello.
7
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My name is Ludwig Wittgenstein.
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I'm a prodigy.
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I'm going to tell you my story.
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I was born in 1889
to a filthy-rich family in Vienna.
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I would like to introduce them to you.
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(Fanfare)
- This is my mother, Leopoldine.
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She was crazy about music.
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In fact, she was so busy
entertaining Brahms and Mahler
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00:01:16,360 --> 00:01:19,910
that we were left with the 26 tutors
and seven grand pianos.
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00:01:19,960 --> 00:01:23,400
Hermine, my oldest sister,was an amateur painter.
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00:01:24,440 --> 00:01:28,640
Gretyl married an American
and was psychoanalysed by Freud.
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00:01:28,680 --> 00:01:31,910
Of Helene, we will remain silent.
19
00:01:31,960 --> 00:01:34,270
Three of my brothers died young.
20
00:01:34,320 --> 00:01:39,080
Hans ran away to America to escape dad,
and disappeared off a boat in Chesapeake Bay.
21
00:01:39,120 --> 00:01:43,640
Kurt's troops rebelled in the First World Warand the shame drove him to suicide.
22
00:01:44,640 --> 00:01:47,710
Rudolf, who was bent,spent most of his time in Berlin.
23
00:01:47,760 --> 00:01:52,760
When he wasn't being theatrical, he hung outat the Scientific Humanitarian Committee.
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00:01:52,800 --> 00:01:56,430
He topped himself drinking a glass of cyanidein his favourite bar.
25
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That leaves Paul. He was a concert pianist,
but lost an arm in the war.
26
00:02:01,160 --> 00:02:04,840
Ravel composed the
Concerto for the Left Hand especially for him.
27
00:02:04,880 --> 00:02:09,240
And as for Dad, he was always in the office
investing in American bonds.
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00:02:09,280 --> 00:02:11,920
That's how we escaped inflation
and stayed rich -
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mega-rich - like the Rockefellers.
30
00:02:14,040 --> 00:02:16,030
(Gentle music)
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00:04:03,480 --> 00:04:08,030
In art, it is hard to say anythingas good as saying nothing.
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Even to have expressed false thought boldlyand clearly is to have gained a great deal.
33
00:04:54,080 --> 00:04:56,070
Of time.
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00:04:58,120 --> 00:05:01,190
The horrors of hell
can be experienced in a single day.
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00:05:01,240 --> 00:05:03,440
That's plenty of time.
36
00:05:03,480 --> 00:05:05,470
(Murmurs)
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00:05:05,520 --> 00:05:08,120
(Babble of muttering)
38
00:05:15,480 --> 00:05:19,630
I was to spend a lifetimedisentangling myself from my education.
39
00:05:19,680 --> 00:05:22,200
"Quite the best to be had in Vienna," Mum said.
40
00:05:23,480 --> 00:05:26,920
I shared a history teacher with Adolf Hitler.
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00:05:26,960 --> 00:05:28,950
What a scream.
42
00:05:29,000 --> 00:05:31,440
(Babble of voices intensifies)
43
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(Cacophony of voices)
44
00:06:02,520 --> 00:06:04,510
(Faint muttering)
45
00:06:08,280 --> 00:06:10,270
(Gunshot reverberates)
46
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(Mimics gunshots)
47
00:06:17,280 --> 00:06:18,560
(Faint ticking)
48
00:06:20,680 --> 00:06:24,200
If someone is merely ahead of time,
it will catch him up one day.
49
00:06:31,680 --> 00:06:34,670
I am in England.
Everything around me tells me so.
50
00:06:35,720 --> 00:06:41,480
MALE VOICE: Tell me how you're searching,
and I'll tell you what you're searching for.
51
00:06:42,480 --> 00:06:44,000
Who's that?
52
00:06:44,040 --> 00:06:46,720
Hail, earthling.
53
00:06:46,760 --> 00:06:50,280
Earthling?
I'm a philosopher, Ludwig Wittgenstein.
54
00:06:50,320 --> 00:06:51,760
Who are you?
55
00:06:51,800 --> 00:06:54,790
You could call me Mr Green.
56
00:06:54,840 --> 00:06:57,400
May I ask you a question?
57
00:06:57,440 --> 00:07:00,480
How many toes do philosophers have?
58
00:07:00,520 --> 00:07:01,920
Ten.
59
00:07:02,960 --> 00:07:04,950
Fascinating.
60
00:07:05,000 --> 00:07:07,390
That's how many humans have.
61
00:07:07,440 --> 00:07:12,960
Mr Green, philosophers are humans
and know how many toes they have.
62
00:07:13,000 --> 00:07:14,480
Oh dear.
63
00:07:14,520 --> 00:07:19,960
Does that mean
Martians can't be philosophers?
64
00:07:20,000 --> 00:07:22,760
- Oh, God.
- (Xylophone)
65
00:07:30,880 --> 00:07:34,960
LUDWIG AS AN ADULT: I escaped the familyby going to Manchester University.
66
00:07:35,960 --> 00:07:40,590
Manchester,an industrial town in the English north.
67
00:07:41,600 --> 00:07:46,280
(Laughs) I remember my father saying,"Where there's muck, there's brass."
68
00:07:47,000 --> 00:07:51,710
Well, my aim was to bea pioneer in aeronautics.
69
00:07:51,760 --> 00:07:57,600
But my experimentsended in a teenage failure and I gave up.
70
00:07:59,080 --> 00:08:02,360
I abandoned my unsuccessful attemptto design an engine,
71
00:08:03,360 --> 00:08:07,360
and, like the English hero, Dick Whittington,
72
00:08:07,400 --> 00:08:13,800
went south to Cambridgeto study philosophy with Bertrand Russell.
73
00:08:18,880 --> 00:08:25,200
Why won't you just admit
there's no rhinoceros in this room?
74
00:08:25,240 --> 00:08:29,710
Because, Professor Russell,
the world is made up of facts, not things.
75
00:08:30,760 --> 00:08:32,750
Look for yourself.
76
00:08:33,760 --> 00:08:37,720
I tell you for a fact,
there is no rhinoceros in this room!
77
00:08:37,760 --> 00:08:40,150
The issue is metaphysical, not empirical.
78
00:08:41,160 --> 00:08:44,360
I thought the next big step in philosophy
would be yours.
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00:08:44,400 --> 00:08:47,200
Now I am not so sure.
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00:08:49,440 --> 00:08:51,430
(Grunting)
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00:08:51,480 --> 00:08:53,470
Professor Russell.
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00:08:54,520 --> 00:08:56,510
Professor Russell.
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00:08:59,600 --> 00:09:01,590
(Crickets chirping)
84
00:09:11,280 --> 00:09:13,350
Shh!
85
00:09:31,280 --> 00:09:33,270
"Dear Ottoline,
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00:09:34,320 --> 00:09:39,760
Herr Schwinckel-Winkel,
hard at it on universals and particulars.
87
00:09:39,800 --> 00:09:46,670
He has the pure intellectual passion in the
highest degree, and it makes me love him.
88
00:09:46,720 --> 00:09:50,400
He says every morning
he begins his work with hope,
89
00:09:50,440 --> 00:09:54,640
and every evening he ends in despair."
90
00:09:54,680 --> 00:10:00,550
"We both have the same feeling
that one must understand or die.
91
00:10:01,960 --> 00:10:05,480
He is the young man one hopes for.
92
00:10:07,280 --> 00:10:11,750
His disposition is that of the artist,
intuitive and moody.
93
00:10:12,960 --> 00:10:16,430
He affects me, just as I affect you.
94
00:10:20,680 --> 00:10:26,000
I get to know every turn and twist of the ways
in which I irritate and depress you
95
00:10:26,040 --> 00:10:29,750
- from watching how..."
RUSSELL: "...he irritates and depresses me.
96
00:10:31,240 --> 00:10:34,080
And at the same time I love and admire him.
97
00:10:35,320 --> 00:10:40,270
His boiling passion may drive him anywhere. "
98
00:10:40,320 --> 00:10:42,200
♪ GILBERT & SULLIVAN:
I Am Alone And Unobserved
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00:10:42,840 --> 00:10:47,600
♪ In short, my medievalism's affectation
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00:10:48,640 --> 00:10:53,880
♪ Born of a morbid love of admiration
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00:11:03,360 --> 00:11:05,350
God, the English are a queer bunch.
102
00:11:05,400 --> 00:11:08,120
Lady Ottoline Morrell was the queerest.
103
00:11:08,160 --> 00:11:11,040
She was fucking the gardener and Russell.
104
00:11:12,280 --> 00:11:14,750
All the fun was in the country houses.
105
00:11:15,760 --> 00:11:18,120
Everyone else was miserable.
106
00:11:18,160 --> 00:11:20,150
Cambridge was miserable.
107
00:11:20,200 --> 00:11:22,430
There was no oxygen there.
108
00:11:22,480 --> 00:11:25,240
(Breathes hoarsely)
109
00:11:25,280 --> 00:11:29,480
Can you imagine spending your evenings
with those pretentious apostles?
110
00:11:30,680 --> 00:11:32,670
I was no fun at parties.
111
00:11:39,960 --> 00:11:43,240
The drunken chit-chat of British intellectuals
bored me.
112
00:11:43,280 --> 00:11:50,150
So, in desperation, I fled to Norway and built
a small house on a fjord at the end of the world.
113
00:11:51,600 --> 00:11:54,240
I started to write Notes On Logic.
114
00:12:19,280 --> 00:12:22,990
How can I be a logician
before I'm a human being?
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00:12:25,680 --> 00:12:29,070
The most important thing
is to settle accounts with myself.
116
00:12:30,480 --> 00:12:32,470
It's much easier here in Norway.
117
00:12:33,480 --> 00:12:35,470
The solitude is bliss.
118
00:12:36,480 --> 00:12:40,080
I can do more work here in a day
than I can in a month around people.
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00:12:41,440 --> 00:12:44,430
Cambridge was absolutely unbearable!
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A brothel.
121
00:12:47,720 --> 00:12:49,710
Impossible to concentrate.
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00:12:51,720 --> 00:12:53,390
Here at last,
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00:12:53,440 --> 00:12:56,640
I feel... I'm solving things.
124
00:13:18,280 --> 00:13:21,670
I've heard Herr Wittgenstein
has gone to Norway.
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00:13:21,720 --> 00:13:23,710
I told him it would be dark.
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He said he hated daylight.
127
00:13:27,160 --> 00:13:29,150
I told him it would be Lonely.
128
00:13:30,280 --> 00:13:34,670
He said he prostituted his mind
talking to intelligent people.
129
00:13:35,720 --> 00:13:37,710
I said he was mad.
130
00:13:37,760 --> 00:13:40,830
He said God preserve him from sanity.
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00:13:40,880 --> 00:13:42,870
God certainly will.
132
00:13:42,920 --> 00:13:45,440
Its shocking that he's never read Aristotle.
133
00:13:49,200 --> 00:13:50,870
(Ticking)
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00:13:52,080 --> 00:13:55,440
LUDWIG: I don't merely havethe visual impression of a pillar box.
135
00:13:55,480 --> 00:13:57,470
I know this is a pillar box.
136
00:13:57,520 --> 00:14:00,830
I know this is a hand.
137
00:14:00,880 --> 00:14:02,870
And what is a hand?
138
00:14:02,920 --> 00:14:05,600
This, for example.
139
00:14:05,640 --> 00:14:08,480
It's a certain certainty.
140
00:14:08,520 --> 00:14:10,350
I'm familiar with certainty.
141
00:14:10,400 --> 00:14:13,550
I know this film studio is in Waterloo.
142
00:14:13,600 --> 00:14:18,880
But how do I know
that you are Ludwig Wittgenstein?
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00:14:20,080 --> 00:14:22,360
(Gentle piano music)
144
00:14:48,680 --> 00:14:50,670
Ludwig, Ludwig!
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00:14:50,720 --> 00:14:53,920
I've just heard from Mother
that you're going to join up.
146
00:14:53,960 --> 00:14:57,510
Now, look, I understand wanting to do your bit
in this terrible war,
147
00:14:57,560 --> 00:15:00,030
but why do you want to die in the trenches?
148
00:15:00,080 --> 00:15:01,990
Why not get a clerical job in Vienna?
149
00:15:02,040 --> 00:15:04,510
Because I want to go to the front.
150
00:15:04,560 --> 00:15:06,630
Why put yourself at risk like this, Ludwig?
151
00:15:06,680 --> 00:15:08,990
You've been exempted, for Christ's sake.
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00:15:09,040 --> 00:15:13,510
Standing eye to eye with death will give me
the chance to be a decent human being.
153
00:15:14,520 --> 00:15:16,510
I'll be doing something.
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00:15:16,560 --> 00:15:18,870
(Stab of piano chords)
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00:15:19,920 --> 00:15:21,910
I'm going as well.
156
00:15:21,960 --> 00:15:24,760
We've got to do our duty.
157
00:15:24,800 --> 00:15:27,560
(Dramatic piano music)
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00:15:35,240 --> 00:15:37,230
(Gunfire and artillery fire)
159
00:15:40,160 --> 00:15:44,080
Where two principles meet
which cannot be reconciled with one another,
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then each calls the other a fool or a heretic.
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(Gunfire and artillery fire)
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I'm hated because I'm a volunteer!
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00:16:03,840 --> 00:16:06,680
I'm surrounded by people who hate me.
164
00:16:08,280 --> 00:16:11,830
The nearness of death
will bring me the light of life.
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00:16:13,040 --> 00:16:15,030
God, enlighten me.
166
00:16:15,080 --> 00:16:17,070
God, enlighten me!
167
00:16:20,480 --> 00:16:22,470
I am a worm.
168
00:16:22,520 --> 00:16:25,910
Pray God that I become a man.
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00:16:27,280 --> 00:16:29,270
God be with me.
170
00:16:30,360 --> 00:16:32,350
God be with me!
171
00:16:32,400 --> 00:16:34,390
Amen!
172
00:17:01,360 --> 00:17:03,350
I know this world exists.
173
00:17:04,880 --> 00:17:08,190
But its meaning is problematic.
174
00:17:10,240 --> 00:17:12,230
Am I good or am I evil?
175
00:17:14,360 --> 00:17:22,160
When my conscience upsets my equilibrium,
then I am not in agreement with something.
176
00:17:26,680 --> 00:17:28,670
What is it?
177
00:17:29,680 --> 00:17:31,670
Is it the world?
178
00:17:32,840 --> 00:17:34,830
Or is it God?
179
00:17:53,960 --> 00:17:56,160
Wittgenstein has been taken prisoner.
180
00:17:56,200 --> 00:17:58,190
Oh, how fascinating!
181
00:17:58,240 --> 00:18:03,160
"I am a prisoner of war
in Monte Cassino under the Italians.
182
00:18:04,160 --> 00:18:07,150
I hope we shall see each other after the war.
183
00:18:07,200 --> 00:18:12,750
Being shot at many times
has altered the way I think about philosophy.
184
00:18:13,760 --> 00:18:18,200
So has Tolstoy's Gospel In Brief.
185
00:18:20,440 --> 00:18:25,600
I have written a book called
Tractatus Logico-Philosophicus.
186
00:18:25,640 --> 00:18:31,640
It combines logical symbolism
with religious mysticism.
187
00:18:33,280 --> 00:18:38,640
It's better with no shoes, no shoes at all.
188
00:18:39,680 --> 00:18:41,670
Love, Ludwig."
189
00:18:41,720 --> 00:18:43,920
I must send him some more cocoa tablets.
190
00:18:43,960 --> 00:18:45,950
Sounds like he's rather depressed.
191
00:18:47,440 --> 00:18:49,830
Does he know you've been in prison, Bertie?
192
00:18:49,880 --> 00:18:51,680
I doubt it.
193
00:18:52,680 --> 00:18:54,880
Such nice manners always, Ludwig.
194
00:18:56,080 --> 00:18:58,070
Good stock.
195
00:19:00,880 --> 00:19:03,270
What is logical symbolism?
196
00:19:04,280 --> 00:19:06,270
Oh, it's too difficult to explain.
197
00:19:07,680 --> 00:19:12,150
That's the trouble with you, Bertie.
You can never answer a straight question.
198
00:19:16,000 --> 00:19:17,040
(Church bells ring)
199
00:19:18,680 --> 00:19:23,360
I was released from prison camp
on the 21st of August, 1919.
200
00:19:24,400 --> 00:19:28,600
I wanted to get my Tractatus published,
so I went back to Vienna.
201
00:19:28,640 --> 00:19:31,030
(Dramatic piano music)
202
00:19:52,080 --> 00:19:54,070
Ludwig!
203
00:19:54,120 --> 00:19:58,320
Ludwig, what do you mean
you want to teach in a rural school?
204
00:19:58,360 --> 00:20:01,480
It would be like a precision instrument
opening crates.
205
00:20:01,520 --> 00:20:03,510
Look, you were decorated in the war.
206
00:20:03,560 --> 00:20:06,790
Bertrand Russell
says you're the great philosophical hope.
207
00:20:06,840 --> 00:20:09,310
You can't go and teach in the provinces.
208
00:20:09,360 --> 00:20:13,280
Hermine, you remind me of someone
looking out through a closed window
209
00:20:13,320 --> 00:20:16,840
who cannot explain the strange movementsof someone outside.
210
00:20:17,600 --> 00:20:19,720
You can't tell what sort of storm is raging,
211
00:20:19,760 --> 00:20:23,520
or that this person might only be managing
to stay on his feet with difficulty.
212
00:20:24,560 --> 00:20:27,240
Well, I still think it's a waste of your talents.
213
00:20:27,280 --> 00:20:30,000
If you hadn't been so daft
and given all your money to us,
214
00:20:30,040 --> 00:20:34,320
you could publish your book yourself,
without having to bow and scrape to publishers.
215
00:20:34,360 --> 00:20:38,120
I don't want to force my philosophy
on the world, if a publisher won't publish it.
216
00:20:38,160 --> 00:20:39,750
Can't you understand that?
217
00:20:40,800 --> 00:20:44,800
Well, I would rather have a happy person
for a brother than an unhappy saint.
218
00:20:46,840 --> 00:20:49,480
I am going to teach.
219
00:20:53,840 --> 00:20:55,830
CHILDREN:? Three blind mice
220
00:20:55,880 --> 00:21:00,430
"Those truth possibilities of its truth-argument
221
00:21:00,480 --> 00:21:06,190
which verify... and prositions...
I shall call its truth grounds..."
222
00:21:09,200 --> 00:21:10,790
Yes, good.
223
00:21:10,840 --> 00:21:13,720
Proposition. So what is this here?
224
00:21:15,240 --> 00:21:17,230
What do you call this here?
225
00:21:18,240 --> 00:21:20,230
Logic.
226
00:21:22,680 --> 00:21:24,670
What's this here?
227
00:21:26,000 --> 00:21:27,990
What do you call this here?
228
00:21:36,080 --> 00:21:41,630
Teaching you
is a... thoroughly... unrewarding experience.
229
00:21:42,680 --> 00:21:44,400
Do you understand what I'm saying?
230
00:21:46,840 --> 00:21:49,360
Do you understand what I'm saying?
231
00:21:54,040 --> 00:21:56,030
It's a waste of time.
232
00:21:56,080 --> 00:22:00,550
It's a waste of my time,
your time, everybody's time.
233
00:22:02,280 --> 00:22:05,560
Do you understand...
Do you understand what I'm saying?
234
00:22:07,800 --> 00:22:09,790
Oh, my God!
235
00:22:11,000 --> 00:22:12,990
Oh, my dear, dear God!
236
00:22:19,880 --> 00:22:22,270
Teaching proved to be a sham.
237
00:22:23,280 --> 00:22:25,270
I had to "do a runner"...
238
00:22:26,320 --> 00:22:29,200
...and lie about my brutality towards the children.
239
00:22:30,240 --> 00:22:37,030
They just weren't any good at logic or maths,and they drove me crazy.
240
00:22:38,480 --> 00:22:41,920
I kidded myself that my background and classweren't important,
241
00:22:41,960 --> 00:22:47,430
but I stood out like a sore thumbat these provincial schools.
242
00:22:49,000 --> 00:22:53,080
The parents hated me and called me strange.
243
00:22:54,600 --> 00:22:56,590
I felt guilty for years.
244
00:22:56,640 --> 00:22:58,630
Somehow I had failed.
245
00:22:59,600 --> 00:23:01,590
Morally.
246
00:23:06,880 --> 00:23:08,870
This is a red pillar box.
247
00:23:08,920 --> 00:23:10,910
How do you know that?
248
00:23:10,960 --> 00:23:12,710
I've done my homework.
249
00:23:12,760 --> 00:23:16,150
Green is green.
250
00:23:16,200 --> 00:23:18,270
Children learn by believing adults.
251
00:23:18,320 --> 00:23:20,310
Doubt comes after belief.
252
00:23:20,360 --> 00:23:22,800
I know what I believe.
253
00:23:22,840 --> 00:23:28,600
Where I come from there are no adults,
and so no doubts.
254
00:23:30,960 --> 00:23:36,400
If I post this letter to New York, does that
strengthen my conviction that the earth exists?
255
00:23:36,440 --> 00:23:39,120
The earth does exist.
256
00:23:39,160 --> 00:23:41,880
And so do Martians.
257
00:23:41,920 --> 00:23:44,440
(Xylophone)
258
00:23:44,480 --> 00:23:46,470
(Ticking)
259
00:23:49,720 --> 00:23:53,350
Well, you end the book with the line,
260
00:23:53,400 --> 00:23:56,870
"Whereof one cannot speak,
thereof one must remain silent."
261
00:23:57,880 --> 00:23:59,870
Why didn't you?
262
00:23:59,920 --> 00:24:03,040
I don't understand a word, Ludwig.
It's gobbledygook.
263
00:24:03,080 --> 00:24:05,070
How much were you paid for this?
264
00:24:06,080 --> 00:24:10,600
I was paid nothing for the rights,
and will receive no royalties.
265
00:24:10,640 --> 00:24:14,190
Typical. You won't be able
to buy a pair of socks soon.
266
00:24:14,240 --> 00:24:16,230
But I have published a book.
267
00:24:16,280 --> 00:24:18,080
I heard that the book was only published
268
00:24:18,120 --> 00:24:20,430
because Bertrand Russell
wrote an introduction.
269
00:24:21,480 --> 00:24:23,760
LUDWIG: I have Russell's introduction.
270
00:24:23,800 --> 00:24:25,790
He can't understand a word either.
271
00:24:25,840 --> 00:24:27,590
HERMINE: Who can?
272
00:24:27,640 --> 00:24:32,350
Hermine, we must improve ourselves.
273
00:24:34,000 --> 00:24:38,280
That's all we can do to better the world.
274
00:24:39,280 --> 00:24:42,080
Is it true you're designing Gretyl
a brand-new house?
275
00:24:42,120 --> 00:24:44,110
That's right. The whole thing.
276
00:24:45,120 --> 00:24:49,240
Right down to the window latchesand the door handles.
277
00:24:49,880 --> 00:24:52,870
Well, I hope it's more comprehensible
than your book.
278
00:24:56,160 --> 00:24:58,150
(Phone rings)
279
00:25:02,120 --> 00:25:04,320
Maynard?
280
00:25:04,360 --> 00:25:06,080
- Maynard?
- Waistcoat!
281
00:25:06,120 --> 00:25:07,520
Ah.
282
00:25:07,560 --> 00:25:10,280
His book is obscure and too short.
283
00:25:10,320 --> 00:25:12,070
But good.
284
00:25:12,120 --> 00:25:13,840
My introduction got it published.
285
00:25:13,880 --> 00:25:16,840
Yes, but I still think
we should get him back to Cambridge.
286
00:25:16,880 --> 00:25:18,950
Maynard, we're going to be late.
287
00:25:19,000 --> 00:25:21,390
You're going to have to sort out his grants.
288
00:25:21,440 --> 00:25:25,320
In a moment of amnesia, he gave away
all his money to his brothers and sisters.
289
00:25:25,360 --> 00:25:27,240
An absolute fortune, I'm told.
290
00:25:27,280 --> 00:25:29,320
If I can sort out the economies of the world,
291
00:25:29,360 --> 00:25:32,040
I ought to be able to sort out a stipend
for Wittgenstein.
292
00:25:32,080 --> 00:25:36,390
- That is, if Cambridge will still have him.
- Oh, I'm sure they'll have him.
293
00:25:36,440 --> 00:25:40,040
His Tractatus is all the rage,
whatever we may think of it.
294
00:25:40,080 --> 00:25:42,600
Well, leave it to me, I know how to get him back.
295
00:25:43,920 --> 00:25:46,680
Oh, er, Maynard, hold on a moment, I just...
296
00:25:47,720 --> 00:25:50,190
Johnny, do you feel like a trip to Vienna?
297
00:25:51,240 --> 00:25:52,760
Vienna?
298
00:25:52,800 --> 00:25:54,790
(Choir chants)
299
00:26:14,800 --> 00:26:16,790
Dr Wittgenstein.
300
00:26:17,800 --> 00:26:19,790
Dr Wittgenstein.
301
00:26:28,080 --> 00:26:30,070
I've come to take you home.
302
00:26:31,280 --> 00:26:33,270
Home?
303
00:26:33,320 --> 00:26:35,310
- Where's that?
- Cambridge.
304
00:26:35,360 --> 00:26:37,350
Cambridge.
305
00:26:38,360 --> 00:26:40,350
God help me.
306
00:26:41,360 --> 00:26:43,830
I have letters from Mr Keynes and Mr Russell.
307
00:26:45,520 --> 00:26:47,510
I should introduce myself.
308
00:26:47,560 --> 00:26:49,550
Johnny.
309
00:26:55,680 --> 00:27:00,200
Mr Russell asked me to tell you
that you're the greatest philosopher of our time.
310
00:27:00,240 --> 00:27:02,230
Well...
311
00:27:03,400 --> 00:27:07,870
Tell me, Johnny, are you a philosopher?
312
00:27:07,920 --> 00:27:09,510
Yes.
313
00:27:09,560 --> 00:27:11,550
Are you happy?
314
00:27:13,200 --> 00:27:16,350
You know, you really should give it up.
315
00:27:17,880 --> 00:27:20,080
Get out while you still can.
316
00:27:20,120 --> 00:27:22,110
(Graceful piano music)
317
00:27:40,320 --> 00:27:41,990
Lydia!
318
00:27:42,040 --> 00:27:43,840
Ah, Maynard.
319
00:27:43,880 --> 00:27:46,840
God has arrived. He was on the 5:15 train.
320
00:27:46,880 --> 00:27:50,880
Are you sure it's a good idea bringing him here,
Maynard?
321
00:27:50,920 --> 00:27:54,960
I've heard he's difficult and peculiar.
322
00:27:55,000 --> 00:27:59,040
A philosopher is a citizen of no community.
323
00:28:00,680 --> 00:28:04,440
Does he make fit with Bloomsbury friends?
324
00:28:05,480 --> 00:28:11,080
He seems so heavy-handed and Germanic.
325
00:28:11,120 --> 00:28:13,110
Yes, he is.
326
00:28:13,160 --> 00:28:16,470
Why are you all so interesting in him?
327
00:28:16,520 --> 00:28:19,160
Because he's a genius, Lydoushka.
328
00:28:20,200 --> 00:28:23,350
Yes, but what is he doing?
329
00:28:23,400 --> 00:28:26,310
He's trying to define for us
the limits of language.
330
00:28:26,360 --> 00:28:29,270
And what it is to have communication,
one with another.
331
00:28:30,520 --> 00:28:32,960
Don't be so pompous.
332
00:28:33,000 --> 00:28:35,990
Dearest darling, I am going to be pompous.
333
00:28:36,040 --> 00:28:38,840
The country needs
more than one decent philosopher.
334
00:28:38,880 --> 00:28:42,720
Bertie needs some competition.
Our Viennese import might just do the trick.
335
00:28:43,760 --> 00:28:51,350
Maynardoushka, your head
is infinitely more flexible than my legs.
336
00:29:26,680 --> 00:29:29,360
What are you doing?
Everyone's waiting for you.
337
00:29:31,080 --> 00:29:33,070
Go away, please!
338
00:29:33,120 --> 00:29:35,110
They're torturing me!
339
00:29:36,880 --> 00:29:38,630
For God's sake, just open your mouth
340
00:29:38,680 --> 00:29:41,070
and say the first thing
that comes into your head.
341
00:29:41,120 --> 00:29:43,110
Don't be so ridiculous.
342
00:29:44,240 --> 00:29:47,920
Listen, just get through this seminar
and we can go to the cinema.
343
00:30:15,880 --> 00:30:18,520
A dog... cannot lie.
344
00:30:20,560 --> 00:30:22,550
Neither can he be sincere.
345
00:30:25,160 --> 00:30:28,680
A dog may be expecting his master to come.
346
00:30:29,680 --> 00:30:32,520
Why can't he be expecting him
to come next Wednesday?
347
00:30:34,880 --> 00:30:37,080
Is it because he doesn't have language?
348
00:30:40,280 --> 00:30:46,360
If a lion could speak, we would not
be able to understand what he said.
349
00:30:49,400 --> 00:30:51,390
Why do I say such a thing?
350
00:30:53,160 --> 00:30:57,360
If we could understand him, I shouldn't think
we'd have too much trouble with a lion.
351
00:30:57,400 --> 00:30:59,230
We could get an interpreter.
352
00:31:00,280 --> 00:31:02,560
Do you mean for me or for the lion?
353
00:31:02,600 --> 00:31:05,480
Yes, yes, we...we could get an interpreter.
354
00:31:06,520 --> 00:31:08,510
But what possible use would that be?
355
00:31:08,560 --> 00:31:11,360
To imagine a language
is to imagine a form of life.
356
00:31:13,920 --> 00:31:17,520
It's what we do and who we are
that gives meaning to our words.
357
00:31:17,560 --> 00:31:21,680
I can't understand the lion's language,
because I don't know what his world is like.
358
00:31:21,720 --> 00:31:24,440
How can I know the world a lion inhabits?
359
00:31:28,080 --> 00:31:33,360
Do I fail to understand him
because I can't peer into his mind?
360
00:31:48,600 --> 00:31:50,590
(Whispering)
361
00:32:04,880 --> 00:32:11,560
What's going on behind my words,
when I say, "This is a very pleasant pineapple"?
362
00:32:13,480 --> 00:32:15,710
No, please, take your time.
363
00:32:15,760 --> 00:32:17,750
STUDENT: The thought, Professor.
364
00:32:17,800 --> 00:32:19,790
I see.
365
00:32:20,920 --> 00:32:26,950
And what is the thought that lies behind
the words, "This is a very pleasant pineapple"?
366
00:32:27,000 --> 00:32:29,150
This is a very pleasant pineapple.
367
00:32:29,200 --> 00:32:31,190
Listen to me.
368
00:32:31,240 --> 00:32:37,590
We imagine the meaning of what we say as
something queer, mysterious, hidden from view.
369
00:32:37,640 --> 00:32:40,520
But nothing is hidden!
Everything is open to view!
370
00:32:42,800 --> 00:32:44,790
It's just...
371
00:32:44,840 --> 00:32:48,720
it's just philosophers who muddy the waters.
372
00:32:48,760 --> 00:32:50,670
STUDENT: Professor Wittgenstein.
373
00:32:51,720 --> 00:32:53,710
You can't know this pain.
374
00:32:53,760 --> 00:32:56,120
Only I can.
375
00:32:56,160 --> 00:32:58,150
Are you sure you know it?
376
00:32:58,200 --> 00:33:00,400
You don't doubt you had a pain just then?
377
00:33:00,440 --> 00:33:02,750
How could I?
378
00:33:02,800 --> 00:33:06,190
If we can't speak of doubt here,
we can't speak of knowledge either.
379
00:33:07,040 --> 00:33:08,480
I don't follow.
380
00:33:08,520 --> 00:33:10,720
It makes no sense
to speak of knowing something
381
00:33:10,760 --> 00:33:13,040
in a context where
we could not possibly doubt it.
382
00:33:13,080 --> 00:33:16,710
Therefore to say, "I know I am in pain,"
is entirely senseless.
383
00:33:17,760 --> 00:33:22,630
When you want to know the meaning of a word,
don't look inside yourself,
384
00:33:23,680 --> 00:33:26,280
look at the uses of the word in our way of life.
385
00:33:27,320 --> 00:33:29,310
Look at how we behave.
386
00:33:30,760 --> 00:33:33,750
Are you saying
there are no philosophical problems?
387
00:33:33,800 --> 00:33:36,000
There are...
388
00:33:36,040 --> 00:33:38,030
linguistic,
389
00:33:38,080 --> 00:33:40,390
mathematical, ethical,
390
00:33:40,440 --> 00:33:44,640
logistic and... religious problems,
391
00:33:44,680 --> 00:33:48,150
but there are
no genuine philosophical problems!
392
00:33:49,800 --> 00:33:52,160
You're trivialising philosophy.
393
00:33:52,200 --> 00:33:56,880
Philosophy is just
a by-product of misunderstanding language!
394
00:33:59,080 --> 00:34:01,070
Why don't you realise that?
395
00:34:04,280 --> 00:34:07,590
Oh, dear. He can't bear disagreement, can he?
396
00:34:34,480 --> 00:34:36,470
What are you doing?
397
00:34:36,520 --> 00:34:39,120
Making notes on your class before I forget it.
398
00:34:39,160 --> 00:34:41,150
Are you mad? You'll ruin the plot.
399
00:34:41,200 --> 00:34:43,190
Shh.
400
00:34:43,240 --> 00:34:45,920
There is no plot.
401
00:34:48,960 --> 00:34:50,950
There might be.
402
00:34:51,960 --> 00:34:53,550
Put it away.
403
00:34:53,600 --> 00:34:55,590
Put it away this instant.
404
00:35:02,080 --> 00:35:04,360
What did you say about Fortnum & Mason?
405
00:35:05,480 --> 00:35:07,470
Don't be ridiculous.
406
00:35:20,680 --> 00:35:23,960
LUDWIG AS AN ADULT: There was nocompetition between the cinema and seminar.
407
00:35:24,000 --> 00:35:25,990
I loved films.
408
00:35:26,040 --> 00:35:28,030
Especially westerns and musicals.
409
00:35:28,080 --> 00:35:32,440
Carmen Miranda and Betty Huttonwere my favourite actresses.
410
00:35:35,480 --> 00:35:37,470
I always sat in the front row.
411
00:35:38,480 --> 00:35:42,680
Film felt like a shower bath,washing away the lecture.
412
00:35:44,680 --> 00:35:46,670
I hated the newsreels.
413
00:35:46,720 --> 00:35:48,710
Far too patriotic.
414
00:35:49,720 --> 00:35:53,030
I felt the makersmust have been master pupils of Goebbels.
415
00:35:56,720 --> 00:36:01,720
As for playing the national anthem at the end,I'd sneak out.
416
00:36:05,120 --> 00:36:07,110
(Graceful piano music)
417
00:36:18,480 --> 00:36:20,470
Come on, Maynard!
418
00:36:20,520 --> 00:36:22,510
Speed it up.
419
00:36:23,520 --> 00:36:26,080
Can't go any faster, it's making me giddy.
420
00:36:26,120 --> 00:36:28,110
Should I go any faster, Ludwig?
421
00:36:28,160 --> 00:36:32,080
No, no, you keep going as you are. Come on
Maynard, keep it up, keep it up, keep it up!
422
00:36:32,120 --> 00:36:34,190
You're slowing the whole thing down.
423
00:36:35,400 --> 00:36:37,120
I'm done for.
424
00:36:37,160 --> 00:36:39,360
You've ruined the whole thing!
425
00:36:39,400 --> 00:36:41,200
We were just getting into rhythm.
426
00:36:41,240 --> 00:36:43,880
Go away and play with someone else!
427
00:36:43,920 --> 00:36:45,910
All right.
428
00:36:46,680 --> 00:36:49,280
You can be the sun this time. It's easier.
429
00:36:49,320 --> 00:36:51,310
I'll be the earth,
430
00:36:51,360 --> 00:36:53,350
and Lydia can be the moon.
431
00:36:54,360 --> 00:36:55,840
We take rest.
432
00:36:55,880 --> 00:36:57,320
Take tea.
433
00:36:57,360 --> 00:36:59,350
Come along, Maynard.
434
00:37:04,080 --> 00:37:06,070
Oh, dear.
435
00:37:07,320 --> 00:37:09,550
I wonder where I went wrong?
436
00:37:22,880 --> 00:37:27,080
Oh, Bertie, do listen to this.
It's Julian Bell's satirical poem of Ludwig.
437
00:37:28,080 --> 00:37:31,120
"For he talks nonsense,
numerous statements makes
438
00:37:31,160 --> 00:37:33,550
Forever his own vow of silence breaks
439
00:37:33,600 --> 00:37:39,230
Ethics, aesthetics, talks of day and night
and calls things good or bad and wrong or right
440
00:37:40,280 --> 00:37:45,150
Who on any issue ever saw
Ludwig refrain from laying down the law?
441
00:37:45,200 --> 00:37:50,040
In every company he shouts us down
and stops our sentence stuttering his own
442
00:37:50,080 --> 00:37:55,760
Unceasing argues, harsh, irate and loud,
sure that he's right and of his rightness proud
443
00:37:55,800 --> 00:38:01,640
Such faults are common, shared by all in part,
but Wittgenstein pontificates on art"
444
00:38:03,880 --> 00:38:09,670
WittersGitters, WittersGitters, WittersGitters!
445
00:38:09,720 --> 00:38:14,160
Fairy, fairy, fairy!
446
00:38:16,200 --> 00:38:17,760
Idiot!
447
00:38:26,640 --> 00:38:28,360
What does this mean?
448
00:38:28,400 --> 00:38:31,000
It's a gesture of contempt.
449
00:38:31,040 --> 00:38:34,350
A cyclist did this to me
as I was crossing the road.
450
00:38:35,400 --> 00:38:38,080
I decided then and there to kill myself.
451
00:38:38,120 --> 00:38:41,110
Are you coming to the Palladium with us
this evening?
452
00:38:41,160 --> 00:38:44,870
What's the logical structure of this gesture?
453
00:38:45,880 --> 00:38:47,870
It doesn't have one!
454
00:38:48,880 --> 00:38:52,480
That means I've spent most of my life
groping down a blind alley.
455
00:38:52,520 --> 00:38:58,120
Isn't it rather an over-reaction to kill yourself,
because somebody gives you a V-sign?
456
00:38:59,160 --> 00:39:02,280
Philosophy hunts for the essence of meaning.
457
00:39:03,080 --> 00:39:05,680
There's no such thing.
There's no such thing!
458
00:39:06,400 --> 00:39:09,520
Just the way we do things in everyday life
and things like that.
459
00:39:09,560 --> 00:39:11,310
The college porter knows that.
460
00:39:11,360 --> 00:39:14,590
Is that what you're planning to do
for the rest of your life?
461
00:39:14,640 --> 00:39:16,920
L-I shall start by committing suicide.
462
00:39:16,960 --> 00:39:18,840
Champagne before you go?
463
00:39:18,880 --> 00:39:20,870
Um, do you know...
464
00:39:20,920 --> 00:39:23,560
l-I'd love a cup of tea.
465
00:39:43,280 --> 00:39:45,670
How like a philosopher to hate philosophy.
466
00:39:46,680 --> 00:39:49,670
He thinks ordinary working people
have the answers.
467
00:39:49,720 --> 00:39:51,710
He wants me to give up philosophy.
468
00:39:51,760 --> 00:39:54,150
Perhaps I should.
469
00:39:55,200 --> 00:39:57,800
Philosophy just states what everyone admits.
470
00:39:57,840 --> 00:40:00,800
How does philosophy take the measure of this?
471
00:40:04,880 --> 00:40:06,870
It's not supposed to.
472
00:40:06,920 --> 00:40:10,230
It'd be like complaining
that you can't play a tune on a carrot.
473
00:40:10,280 --> 00:40:12,270
Precisely.
474
00:40:12,320 --> 00:40:14,310
Do you think philosophy is useless?
475
00:40:14,360 --> 00:40:16,350
Oh, no.
476
00:40:17,400 --> 00:40:19,520
It serves Ludwig as a therapy.
477
00:40:20,560 --> 00:40:22,550
Are you going to take his advice?
478
00:40:24,320 --> 00:40:26,310
I was destined for the pit.
479
00:40:27,280 --> 00:40:29,510
My parents gave up everything to get me here.
480
00:40:30,560 --> 00:40:33,320
I'd be quite happy to go back,
481
00:40:34,360 --> 00:40:36,350
but it would break their hearts.
482
00:40:43,680 --> 00:40:45,670
Well, what about Aristotle?
483
00:40:46,720 --> 00:40:48,710
What about Aristotle?
484
00:40:49,720 --> 00:40:51,710
L-I've never read Aristotle.
485
00:40:53,680 --> 00:40:55,670
What can he tell us, anyway?
486
00:40:55,720 --> 00:40:59,510
The answers are in Tolstoy,
Dostoevsky and Saint Matthew.
487
00:40:59,560 --> 00:41:01,550
How marvellous!
488
00:41:01,600 --> 00:41:03,990
I didn't know you were a Christian, Ludwig!
489
00:41:04,040 --> 00:41:05,240
I'm not.
490
00:41:05,280 --> 00:41:09,400
It's just that I look at everything
from a religious point of view.
491
00:41:10,640 --> 00:41:13,950
Why is there anything at all
rather than just nothing?
492
00:41:15,000 --> 00:41:17,600
Well, how the bloody blue blazes
should I know?
493
00:41:17,640 --> 00:41:19,760
I'm the woman. You are the philosopher.
494
00:41:19,800 --> 00:41:22,870
The most important part of my philosophy
hasn't been written.
495
00:41:22,920 --> 00:41:25,230
I can't write it. It can never be written.
496
00:41:25,280 --> 00:41:29,070
Oh, bunkum! A full English breakfast
and a spot of application.
497
00:41:29,120 --> 00:41:31,510
It doubt it'll be understood in the future.
498
00:41:31,560 --> 00:41:36,350
People, culture, the air,
everything will be different in the future.
499
00:41:36,400 --> 00:41:38,630
We're mutating.
500
00:41:40,480 --> 00:41:44,160
You know, your obsession with perfection
is quite, quite ludicrous.
501
00:41:45,200 --> 00:41:48,040
I want to be perfect, don't you?
502
00:41:48,080 --> 00:41:50,440
Christ, no.
503
00:41:50,480 --> 00:41:53,470
- Then I don't see how we can be friends.
- Neither do I.
504
00:42:00,160 --> 00:42:05,600
I used to believe
that language gave us a picture of the world.
505
00:42:07,000 --> 00:42:10,880
But it can't give us a picture of how it does that.
506
00:42:12,000 --> 00:42:15,920
That would be like trying to see yourself
seeing something.
507
00:42:18,960 --> 00:42:23,560
How language does that is beyond expression.
508
00:42:25,680 --> 00:42:27,670
That is the mystery.
509
00:42:30,680 --> 00:42:32,670
That was all wrong.
510
00:42:33,680 --> 00:42:37,760
Language isn't a picture at all.
511
00:42:37,800 --> 00:42:39,790
What is it, then?
512
00:42:40,520 --> 00:42:42,510
It's...
513
00:42:43,560 --> 00:42:45,550
...a tool.
514
00:42:45,600 --> 00:42:47,590
An instrument.
515
00:42:48,880 --> 00:42:53,110
There isn't just one picture of the world,
there are lots of different language games,
516
00:42:53,160 --> 00:42:56,710
different forms of life,
different ways of doing things with words.
517
00:42:56,760 --> 00:42:58,320
They don't all hang together!
518
00:42:58,360 --> 00:43:00,350
What do you mean?
519
00:43:01,360 --> 00:43:06,150
All I mean is the limits of my language
are the limits of my world.
520
00:43:06,200 --> 00:43:09,720
We keep running up
against the walls of our cage.
521
00:43:17,800 --> 00:43:19,790
I'm terribly sorry.
522
00:43:22,640 --> 00:43:24,630
You have a worthless teacher today.
523
00:43:24,680 --> 00:43:26,270
I...
524
00:43:26,320 --> 00:43:28,470
I'm all cleaned out.
525
00:43:30,640 --> 00:43:32,630
Please forgive me.
526
00:43:32,680 --> 00:43:34,240
That was quite masterly.
527
00:43:35,280 --> 00:43:37,670
- It was frightful.
- I don't know.
528
00:43:37,720 --> 00:43:39,710
Made me feel like a vegetable.
529
00:43:40,760 --> 00:43:42,560
How could it possibly?
530
00:43:42,600 --> 00:43:45,280
It doesn't feel like anything to be a vegetable.
531
00:43:45,320 --> 00:43:47,960
STUDENT: I just can't see it, Professor.
532
00:43:48,000 --> 00:43:51,150
It somehow just seems natural to me to say,
"I know I'm in pain."
533
00:43:52,200 --> 00:43:55,750
Oh... natural.
534
00:43:56,800 --> 00:43:59,160
Tell me,
535
00:43:59,200 --> 00:44:02,350
why does it seem more natural
536
00:44:02,400 --> 00:44:09,320
for people to believe that the sun goes round
the earth, rather than the other way round?
537
00:44:10,360 --> 00:44:12,830
Well, obviously, because it looks that way.
538
00:44:12,880 --> 00:44:14,870
I see.
539
00:44:14,920 --> 00:44:17,440
Then how would it look
if the earth went round the sun?
540
00:44:17,480 --> 00:44:19,470
Erm...
541
00:44:19,520 --> 00:44:21,510
well, I suppose...
542
00:44:25,840 --> 00:44:27,990
Yes, I see what you mean.
543
00:45:16,880 --> 00:45:19,480
LUDWIG AS A BOY: Seminar, flick.
544
00:45:19,520 --> 00:45:21,400
(Gunfire and Native Americans whooping)
545
00:45:24,680 --> 00:45:26,670
Seminar.
546
00:45:26,720 --> 00:45:28,710
(Cavalry trumpet)
547
00:45:28,760 --> 00:45:30,750
Seminar.
548
00:45:32,200 --> 00:45:34,190
Flick.
549
00:45:40,280 --> 00:45:42,270
Seminar.
550
00:45:44,280 --> 00:45:46,270
Flick.
551
00:45:49,280 --> 00:45:51,270
LUDWIG AS AN ADULT: On and on it went.
552
00:45:52,280 --> 00:45:55,350
Cambridge, Cambridge, Cambridge.
553
00:45:57,000 --> 00:45:59,760
No wonder everyone dreamed of Moscow.
554
00:46:00,760 --> 00:46:02,960
Keynes and Russell had both been there.
555
00:46:04,000 --> 00:46:08,680
Bertie, always the opportunist,wrote a shilling shocker called
556
00:46:08,720 --> 00:46:11,400
The Practice and Theory of Bolshevism.
557
00:46:12,680 --> 00:46:14,670
He condemned it out of hand.
558
00:46:14,720 --> 00:46:17,840
But, as everyone knows,
559
00:46:17,880 --> 00:46:21,240
the best of the Cambridge lot became spies.
560
00:46:22,280 --> 00:46:27,830
My dream was to go to the Soviet Unionand work as a manual labourer.
561
00:46:49,520 --> 00:46:52,800
I've fixed you up a jobwith a local engineering firm.
562
00:46:53,800 --> 00:46:55,630
Why?
563
00:46:55,680 --> 00:46:57,670
I thought you'd be pleased.
564
00:46:57,720 --> 00:47:00,160
You'd be working with your hands.
565
00:47:00,200 --> 00:47:02,190
You should do something useful.
566
00:47:02,240 --> 00:47:04,150
But Ludwig,
567
00:47:04,200 --> 00:47:06,110
my training's academic.
568
00:47:06,160 --> 00:47:07,910
That's the challenge.
569
00:47:07,960 --> 00:47:11,720
I'm going to Russia.
I shall try to find us both manual jobs there.
570
00:47:11,760 --> 00:47:13,750
Why do you want to go to Russia?
571
00:47:13,800 --> 00:47:16,240
Oh, by the way, you'll have to lend me a tie.
572
00:47:42,840 --> 00:47:48,630
Professor Wittgenstein, on behalf of the Institute
for Foreign Relations, I can offer you two things.
573
00:47:48,680 --> 00:47:51,360
The chair in philosophy at Kazan University
574
00:47:51,400 --> 00:47:54,520
or a teaching post in philosophy
at Moscow University.
575
00:47:54,560 --> 00:47:56,550
Er, comrade, please.
576
00:47:56,600 --> 00:47:58,590
I don't want to teach.
577
00:47:58,640 --> 00:48:04,110
I want to work as a manual labourer,
either in a factory or on a collective farm.
578
00:48:04,160 --> 00:48:08,080
But, Professor, eto nyevozmozhno.
O chem vy govoritye?
579
00:48:08,120 --> 00:48:12,160
Nyeuzheli vy nye ponimayetye?
Nu, kakoy iz vas kolkhoznik? Eto absurd.
580
00:48:12,200 --> 00:48:13,790
Chto?
581
00:48:13,840 --> 00:48:18,280
I'm terribly sorry, Professor Wittgenstein,
but this is absolutely out of the question.
582
00:48:18,320 --> 00:48:22,470
The one thing that is not in short supply
in the Soviet Union is unskilled labour.
583
00:48:23,520 --> 00:48:25,510
Da.
584
00:48:25,560 --> 00:48:27,550
Da, da, Professor.
585
00:48:27,600 --> 00:48:32,150
We must teach the frozen circumstances
to sing by playing them their own melody.
586
00:48:32,200 --> 00:48:36,160
Professor Wittgenstein,
I do recommend you to read more Hegel.
587
00:48:39,280 --> 00:48:41,240
Eto shutka.
588
00:48:41,280 --> 00:48:43,920
I couldn't possibly read Hegel.
589
00:48:43,960 --> 00:48:45,950
I'd go stark raving mad.
590
00:48:47,080 --> 00:48:50,280
Tell me, have you read Trotsky on art?
591
00:48:50,320 --> 00:48:53,310
That's much more interesting.
592
00:48:53,360 --> 00:48:55,670
Nyet, Professor, ya nye chitala Trotskogo.
593
00:48:55,720 --> 00:48:59,920
Trotskiy - eto opasno.
Professor, ya nye ponimayu vas.
594
00:48:59,960 --> 00:49:03,000
Vy priyezhayetye v Moskvu, vy khotitye rabotat'
595
00:49:03,040 --> 00:49:06,920
v kolkhozye, vy khotitye, chtoby ya chitala
Trotskogo. No Trotskiy - eto opasno.
596
00:49:06,960 --> 00:49:10,000
Trotsky - eto Sibir'.
Vy ponimayetye? Trotsky - eto Sibir'.
597
00:49:10,040 --> 00:49:12,030
(Bell)
- Sleduyushchiy.
598
00:49:12,080 --> 00:49:14,070
Next one.
599
00:49:27,080 --> 00:49:29,070
How was Russia?
600
00:49:29,120 --> 00:49:34,910
Well, at least Lenin's state
has ensured that there's no unemployment.
601
00:49:36,760 --> 00:49:39,200
It is an ordered society.
602
00:49:41,120 --> 00:49:43,110
Are you enjoying yourself?
603
00:49:43,160 --> 00:49:45,150
Yes, I am.
604
00:49:45,200 --> 00:49:47,080
You were right.
605
00:49:47,120 --> 00:49:49,920
- Did you find yourself a job in Russia?
- Sadly, no.
606
00:49:49,960 --> 00:49:52,870
It looks like I'm stuck with Cambridge
and philosophy.
607
00:49:55,560 --> 00:49:58,080
Ludwig, give it up.
608
00:50:24,080 --> 00:50:26,360
What the hell are you playing at, Ludwig?
609
00:50:26,400 --> 00:50:28,390
I've just been talking to Johnny.
610
00:50:28,440 --> 00:50:30,430
What do you mean?
611
00:50:30,480 --> 00:50:34,190
I mean all this poppycock
about engineering and him getting a job.
612
00:50:34,240 --> 00:50:36,520
What do you think his parents will think?
613
00:50:36,560 --> 00:50:38,080
I haven't the foggiest.
614
00:50:38,120 --> 00:50:41,350
Johnny's parents are working people.
615
00:50:41,400 --> 00:50:43,520
His father's a miner.
616
00:50:43,560 --> 00:50:46,790
They sacrificed everything they haveto get him to Cambridge.
617
00:50:46,840 --> 00:50:49,150
What's Johnny's parents got to do with it?
618
00:50:49,200 --> 00:50:53,160
Listen, Wittgenstein,
Johnny's parents are workers.
619
00:50:53,200 --> 00:50:58,230
That's what you admire,
when it's confined to the pages of Tolstoy.
620
00:50:58,280 --> 00:51:01,240
I've never met Johnny's parents.
621
00:51:01,280 --> 00:51:03,270
I strongly advise you not to.
622
00:51:04,080 --> 00:51:07,920
You're foisting your own self-hatred
onto their son.
623
00:51:09,360 --> 00:51:11,350
You've been reading Sigmund Freud.
624
00:51:11,400 --> 00:51:12,840
What of it?
625
00:51:13,880 --> 00:51:15,600
It's dangerous stuff!
626
00:51:15,640 --> 00:51:18,950
Believe me!
It takes one Viennese to know another.
627
00:51:19,000 --> 00:51:23,310
Freud's nothing to do with Johnny
sweating it out in some god-awful factory.
628
00:51:24,320 --> 00:51:26,440
You can't do this, Wittgenstein.
629
00:51:26,480 --> 00:51:30,600
You can't use Johnnyas fodder for your own fantasies.
630
00:51:30,640 --> 00:51:33,080
What I do is none of your business.
631
00:51:33,120 --> 00:51:35,110
It's my business to stop you from...
632
00:51:35,160 --> 00:51:38,310
oh, what's your word,
"infecting" too many young men.
633
00:51:38,360 --> 00:51:41,000
You have a terrible power over them,
can't you see that?
634
00:51:41,040 --> 00:51:45,270
Half of Cambridge goes aroundimitating your mannerisms.
635
00:51:45,320 --> 00:51:48,390
You know I've never encouraged disciples.
636
00:51:49,440 --> 00:51:52,480
I'm talking about you, not your ideas.
637
00:51:52,520 --> 00:51:55,830
You lord it over others
and you don't even know it.
638
00:51:56,880 --> 00:52:03,590
All aristocrats idealise the common folk,
as long as they keep stoking the boilers.
639
00:52:04,880 --> 00:52:08,080
I should know, I was brought up like that, too.
640
00:52:08,120 --> 00:52:13,910
If you're talking about my upbringing,
that was a long time ago!
641
00:52:13,960 --> 00:52:16,080
In another country!
642
00:52:16,120 --> 00:52:19,750
How can I possibly speak to a man
who believes I corrupt others?
643
00:52:19,800 --> 00:52:22,520
I'm simply quoting your own words.
644
00:52:25,520 --> 00:52:27,510
Russell,
645
00:52:27,560 --> 00:52:32,840
I would like you to know
that our friendship is now over.
646
00:53:10,880 --> 00:53:13,240
I had a fearful row with Russell yesterday.
647
00:53:14,680 --> 00:53:16,670
He said I was an evil influence.
648
00:53:18,080 --> 00:53:21,960
What is worrying you, Ludwig?
Is it your logic or your sins?
649
00:53:22,000 --> 00:53:23,990
Both.
650
00:53:24,040 --> 00:53:25,480
My sins mostly.
651
00:53:25,520 --> 00:53:28,400
Sins, sinners, sinning.
652
00:53:28,440 --> 00:53:31,000
What nonsense you do talk.
653
00:53:32,440 --> 00:53:35,800
Well, you mustn't expect
any sympathy from me. I'm not a virtuous man.
654
00:53:35,840 --> 00:53:37,830
I never imagined you were.
655
00:53:41,080 --> 00:53:47,870
Do you know, Maynard, every hour, every day,
I keep my feet with the greatest difficulty,
656
00:53:48,920 --> 00:53:53,760
and the slightest gust of dishonesty
would be enough to bowl me over forever.
657
00:53:53,800 --> 00:53:56,000
That's why people think I'm so strange.
658
00:53:57,680 --> 00:53:59,670
I don't know what to say to you.
659
00:54:00,680 --> 00:54:03,800
You're suffering from
a terminal case of moral integrity.
660
00:54:03,840 --> 00:54:08,920
If you'd just allow yourself to be a littlemore sinful, you'd stand a chance of salvation.
661
00:54:09,920 --> 00:54:12,880
Salvation is the only thing that concerns me.
662
00:54:12,920 --> 00:54:16,200
And I know we're not here to have a good time.
663
00:54:17,680 --> 00:54:20,070
Spoken like a true Protestant.
664
00:54:21,680 --> 00:54:27,950
Ludwig, my dear, there's nothing in the world
like the warmth of a sated body.
665
00:54:29,000 --> 00:54:33,760
For me, it's as if I'm being burnt
by a freezing wind.
666
00:54:35,800 --> 00:54:37,790
Pull yourself together.
667
00:54:47,680 --> 00:54:50,830
Philosophy is a sickness of the mind.
668
00:54:52,760 --> 00:54:56,280
I mustn't infect too many young men.
669
00:54:58,280 --> 00:55:01,350
How unique and irreplaceable Johnny is.
670
00:55:01,400 --> 00:55:05,280
And yet, how little I realise thiswhen I am with him.
671
00:55:08,120 --> 00:55:10,110
That's always been a problem.
672
00:55:12,080 --> 00:55:15,280
But living in a world where such a love is illegal,
673
00:55:15,320 --> 00:55:19,440
and trying to live open and honestis a complete contradiction.
674
00:55:23,280 --> 00:55:28,230
I have...known...Johnny three times.
675
00:55:29,240 --> 00:55:33,790
And each time I began with feelingthat there was nothing wrong.
676
00:55:35,240 --> 00:55:37,230
But after,
677
00:55:38,280 --> 00:55:40,270
I felt shamed.
678
00:55:49,080 --> 00:55:51,070
JOHNNY: What are you thinking?
679
00:55:52,080 --> 00:55:54,760
Oh, just some...
680
00:55:55,800 --> 00:55:57,790
...idea.
681
00:55:58,840 --> 00:56:00,640
What idea?
682
00:56:01,640 --> 00:56:05,790
Well, for many years at the centre of philosophy
683
00:56:05,840 --> 00:56:12,600
was a picture of the lonely human soul
brooding over its private experiences.
684
00:56:12,640 --> 00:56:14,630
Yeah, everyone knows that.
685
00:56:17,080 --> 00:56:20,280
This soul is a prisoner of his own body,
686
00:56:21,320 --> 00:56:26,760
and he's locked out from contact with others
by the walls of their bodies.
687
00:56:29,880 --> 00:56:31,870
I wanted to get rid of this picture.
688
00:56:34,320 --> 00:56:36,310
There is no private meaning.
689
00:56:37,680 --> 00:56:41,520
We are what we are... only because...
690
00:56:42,560 --> 00:56:45,630
...we share a common language
and common forms of life.
691
00:56:49,880 --> 00:56:51,950
Do you understand what I'm saying?
692
00:56:52,400 --> 00:56:55,120
Do you understand what I'm saying?
693
00:57:44,280 --> 00:57:45,870
(Like a toff) Yes.
694
00:57:45,920 --> 00:57:48,800
Yes, I'd like that very much. Yes, Wednesday.
695
00:57:48,840 --> 00:57:50,830
Oh, does that suit you?
696
00:57:50,880 --> 00:57:52,870
It suits me fine, yes.
697
00:57:52,920 --> 00:57:55,440
Yes. I thought so, yes.
698
00:57:55,480 --> 00:57:57,470
Yes, he was. Really?
699
00:57:57,520 --> 00:58:00,640
Oh, Bertie? Yes, I know, yes, yes.
700
00:58:00,680 --> 00:58:02,670
For many years, yes.
701
00:58:02,720 --> 00:58:04,710
(Normal voice) Christ!
702
00:58:05,880 --> 00:58:11,400
Professor, you once said the Tractatus
had solved all the problems of philosophy.
703
00:58:11,440 --> 00:58:13,430
Yes.
704
00:58:13,480 --> 00:58:15,470
So I thought at the time.
705
00:58:15,520 --> 00:58:20,040
What I meant was that I tried to show
the sort of things that philosophy could say,
706
00:58:20,080 --> 00:58:22,360
and these aren't really important.
707
00:58:22,400 --> 00:58:26,870
What's much more important
is all the things it can't articulate.
708
00:58:26,920 --> 00:58:29,680
Doesn't cut the mustard, philosophy?
709
00:58:29,720 --> 00:58:32,080
- You think.
- That's right.
710
00:58:32,120 --> 00:58:36,430
So I thought at the time.
In fact, I still think so, but for different reasons.
711
00:58:36,480 --> 00:58:41,190
Now, talking about your more recent work,
the Philosophical Investigations and so on.
712
00:58:41,240 --> 00:58:46,560
That's right. In this later work I abandoned
the idea that language is a sort of picture.
713
00:58:46,600 --> 00:58:49,240
That's just a misleading metaphor.
714
00:58:49,280 --> 00:58:54,520
I mean, you might say that the word "handbag"is a picture of a handbag.
715
00:58:54,560 --> 00:58:57,400
But what about words like "hello",
716
00:58:57,440 --> 00:58:59,430
"perhaps", "oh, hell",
717
00:58:59,480 --> 00:59:02,390
what do they give us a picture of?
718
00:59:02,440 --> 00:59:08,360
So how would you now define the relationship
between language and the world?
719
00:59:08,400 --> 00:59:10,630
Oh, in lots of different ways.
720
00:59:11,480 --> 00:59:15,950
My mistake had been to think that
there was only one way of talking at stake here.
721
00:59:16,000 --> 00:59:20,080
I came to see that there are
lots of different things we do with language.
722
00:59:20,120 --> 00:59:22,920
Different language games, as I call them.
723
00:59:23,800 --> 00:59:29,960
And the meaning of the word is just the way
it's used in a particular language game.
724
00:59:31,000 --> 00:59:34,600
And what do you now believe
the task of philosophy to be?
725
00:59:35,640 --> 00:59:40,670
Philosophical puzzles arise because we tend
to mix up one language game with another.
726
00:59:40,720 --> 00:59:44,920
For example, people puzzle over
the nature of something they call the "soul".
727
00:59:44,960 --> 00:59:50,240
But this may just be because they're thinking
of the soul along the lines of a physical object.
728
00:59:51,320 --> 00:59:55,760
They're confusing
one way of talking with another.
729
00:59:55,800 --> 00:59:59,240
The job of philosophy
is to sort out these language games?
730
00:59:59,280 --> 01:00:01,080
Exactly.
731
01:00:01,120 --> 01:00:03,510
They're all perfectly in order as they are.
732
01:00:03,560 --> 01:00:05,870
Philosophy in no sense can question them.
733
01:00:05,920 --> 01:00:09,310
Philosophy leaves everything exactly as it is.
734
01:00:10,360 --> 01:00:13,830
Professor Wittgenstein,
you've been associated with the argument
735
01:00:13,880 --> 01:00:16,030
that there can't be a private language.
736
01:00:16,080 --> 01:00:18,070
Could you explain this a little?
737
01:00:18,120 --> 01:00:20,110
What I mean is this,
738
01:00:21,160 --> 01:00:26,000
we learn to use words,
because we belong to a culture.
739
01:00:26,040 --> 01:00:28,030
A form of life.
740
01:00:28,080 --> 01:00:30,600
A practical way of doing things.
741
01:00:30,640 --> 01:00:35,480
In the end, we speak as we do,
because of what we do.
742
01:00:36,520 --> 01:00:39,360
And all this is a properly public affair.
743
01:00:39,400 --> 01:00:42,520
Philosophers in the tradition of Descartes
744
01:00:42,560 --> 01:00:47,760
start from the lonely self,
brooding over its private sensations.
745
01:00:49,040 --> 01:00:53,040
I want to overturn this centuries-old model.
746
01:00:53,080 --> 01:00:55,990
I want to start from our culture,
747
01:00:56,040 --> 01:00:58,720
our shared practical life together,
748
01:00:58,760 --> 01:01:02,960
and look at what we think and feel,
749
01:01:03,000 --> 01:01:07,150
and say it in these public terms.
750
01:01:07,200 --> 01:01:09,190
Professor, thank you very much.
751
01:01:14,680 --> 01:01:16,480
I'm thinking of going away.
752
01:01:16,520 --> 01:01:19,720
Not again, Ludwig.
You've spent your entire life running away.
753
01:01:19,760 --> 01:01:21,750
I'm serious, Maynard.
754
01:01:21,800 --> 01:01:23,790
Where to this time?
755
01:01:23,840 --> 01:01:25,830
Norway? Vienna?
756
01:01:25,880 --> 01:01:27,870
Swansea?
757
01:01:27,920 --> 01:01:29,910
Not the Soviet Union again?
758
01:01:29,960 --> 01:01:31,950
What's wrong with the Soviet Union?
759
01:01:32,000 --> 01:01:34,120
The place is one enormous labour camp.
760
01:01:34,160 --> 01:01:36,150
There's nothing wrong with labour.
761
01:01:36,200 --> 01:01:38,510
There is if they shoot you for not doing it.
762
01:01:42,880 --> 01:01:47,270
I want to give up teaching philosophy
and concentrate on my book.
763
01:01:48,320 --> 01:01:51,310
Why not do it in Cambridge, and be paid?
764
01:01:52,880 --> 01:01:56,080
I'm going to Ireland to live by the sea.
765
01:01:56,120 --> 01:01:58,190
In Ireland they shoot you if you work.
766
01:02:02,280 --> 01:02:04,270
Oh, Ludwig.
767
01:02:05,280 --> 01:02:07,080
I know,
768
01:02:07,120 --> 01:02:09,320
I'm a complete bloody disaster.
769
01:02:10,320 --> 01:02:12,310
We love you.
770
01:02:19,520 --> 01:02:21,510
(Waves lap gently)
771
01:02:29,080 --> 01:02:31,070
Dr Wittgenstein.
772
01:02:31,120 --> 01:02:33,720
Oh, you're here. Good.
773
01:02:33,760 --> 01:02:35,750
At last.
774
01:02:35,800 --> 01:02:38,320
You couldn't have chosen a more remote place.
775
01:02:39,680 --> 01:02:41,670
Well, how's the work on your book?
776
01:02:41,720 --> 01:02:43,710
Creeping along.
777
01:02:43,760 --> 01:02:46,040
That means you've penned a masterpiece.
778
01:02:47,680 --> 01:02:49,670
What's the news from the doctor?
779
01:02:49,720 --> 01:02:53,240
- It's not good, I'm afraid.
- I hope it's not anything serious.
780
01:02:53,280 --> 01:02:55,400
Last week I saw a specialist in Dublin.
781
01:02:56,440 --> 01:02:58,590
I have cancer of the prostate.
782
01:02:58,640 --> 01:03:00,630
Oh, I'm sorry.
783
01:03:01,640 --> 01:03:06,400
It responds well to hormone treatment
at early stages.
784
01:03:06,440 --> 01:03:08,430
Is there anything I can do?
785
01:03:08,480 --> 01:03:10,470
Don't think I'm afraid of dying.
786
01:03:11,480 --> 01:03:14,920
It's death that gives life its meaning and shape.
787
01:03:17,160 --> 01:03:19,150
You can take me back to Cambridge.
788
01:03:19,200 --> 01:03:21,190
I don't want to die here.
789
01:03:23,680 --> 01:03:25,670
Any time you like.
790
01:04:07,880 --> 01:04:09,870
You know,
791
01:04:09,920 --> 01:04:16,600
I'd quite like to have composed a philosophical
work which consisted entirely of jokes.
792
01:04:17,640 --> 01:04:19,630
Why didn't you?
793
01:04:20,640 --> 01:04:22,760
Sadly, I didn't have a sense of humour.
794
01:04:25,160 --> 01:04:27,150
Let me tell you a little story.
795
01:04:29,160 --> 01:04:33,280
There was once a young man who dreamedof reducing the world to pure logic.
796
01:04:34,320 --> 01:04:38,110
Because he was a very clever young man,
he actually managed to do it.
797
01:04:38,160 --> 01:04:40,840
When he'd finished his work,
he stood back and admired it.
798
01:04:40,880 --> 01:04:42,870
It was beautiful.
799
01:04:42,920 --> 01:04:45,830
A world purgedof imperfection and indeterminacy.
800
01:04:46,880 --> 01:04:50,270
Countless acres of gleaming icestretching to the horizon.
801
01:04:51,560 --> 01:04:56,480
So the clever young man looked around theworld he'd created and decided to explore it.
802
01:04:56,520 --> 01:04:59,320
He took one step forward
and fell flat on his back.
803
01:04:59,360 --> 01:05:01,640
You see, he'd forgotten about friction.
804
01:05:01,680 --> 01:05:04,990
The ice was smooth and level and stainless.
805
01:05:05,040 --> 01:05:07,030
But you couldn't walk there.
806
01:05:07,760 --> 01:05:12,280
So the clever young man sat downand wept bitter tears.
807
01:05:13,520 --> 01:05:16,430
But as he grew into a wise old man,
808
01:05:16,480 --> 01:05:20,560
he came to understand thatroughness and ambiguity aren't imperfections,
809
01:05:20,600 --> 01:05:22,590
they're what make the world turn.
810
01:05:22,640 --> 01:05:24,630
He wanted to run and dance.
811
01:05:25,880 --> 01:05:28,760
And the wordsand things scattered upon the ground
812
01:05:28,800 --> 01:05:31,520
were all batteredand tarnished and ambiguous.
813
01:05:31,560 --> 01:05:36,160
The wise old man
saw that that was the way things were.
814
01:05:37,600 --> 01:05:42,360
But something in him
was still homesick for the ice,
815
01:05:42,400 --> 01:05:47,600
where everything was radiant and absoluteand relentless.
816
01:05:48,640 --> 01:05:51,550
Though he had come to likethe idea of the rough ground,
817
01:05:51,600 --> 01:05:53,800
he couldn't bring himself to live there.
818
01:05:54,840 --> 01:06:00,390
So now he was maroonedbetween earth and ice, at home in neither.
819
01:06:02,520 --> 01:06:05,590
And this was the cause of all his grief.
820
01:06:05,640 --> 01:06:07,630
♪ MOZART: Rondo in A Minor, K511
821
01:06:14,840 --> 01:06:18,840
Hail Chromodynamics, Lord of Quantum.
822
01:06:19,880 --> 01:06:23,480
This is Quark, Charm and Strangeness
reporting.
823
01:06:24,560 --> 01:06:30,910
Concerning the philosopher
Ludwig Wittgenstein deceased.
824
01:06:31,960 --> 01:06:36,510
The solution to the riddle of life
in space and time
825
01:06:36,560 --> 01:06:39,630
lies outside space and time.
826
01:06:40,680 --> 01:06:45,630
But as you know and I know,
there are no riddles.
827
01:06:46,680 --> 01:06:52,680
If a question can be put at all,
it can also be answered.
828
01:06:58,040 --> 01:07:01,030
♪ CÉSAR FRANCK:
Sonata for violin and piano in A Major
66832
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