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These are the user uploaded subtitles that are being translated: 1 00:00:04,506 --> 00:00:05,901 Freedom. 2 00:00:05,938 --> 00:00:10,949 You say America, and it's probably the next word that comes to mind. 3 00:00:11,959 --> 00:00:16,013 It's our fundamental right to live our lives however we want. 4 00:00:16,668 --> 00:00:19,193 But freedom isn't something we've always had. 5 00:00:20,676 --> 00:00:26,170 When I was 18 I joined the air force and I did well enough on my test to qualify 6 00:00:26,207 --> 00:00:29,709 as an electronic counter measures operator. 7 00:00:29,745 --> 00:00:32,235 But I was told I couldn't take that job. 8 00:00:33,068 --> 00:00:38,039 Apparently, no black man could fly with the Strategic Air Command. 9 00:00:39,845 --> 00:00:45,113 Abraham Lincoln knew that a country could only truly stand for freedom if 10 00:00:45,149 --> 00:00:47,200 it applied to all of its people. 11 00:00:48,262 --> 00:00:51,578 Around the world there's a growing tide of freedom. 12 00:00:52,053 --> 00:00:55,845 The belief that every person has the right to self determination 13 00:00:55,881 --> 00:00:58,779 is growing stronger and stronger. 14 00:01:00,591 --> 00:01:05,759 I wonder, if one day we will all be free. 15 00:01:08,800 --> 00:01:11,501 What drives people to fight for freedom? 16 00:01:11,538 --> 00:01:14,524 Five nights before elections they told everybody Putin 17 00:01:14,561 --> 00:01:15,739 will be the next president. 18 00:01:15,776 --> 00:01:18,006 I was just really angry. 19 00:01:19,046 --> 00:01:22,583 Can we find liberty even when bound in chains? 20 00:01:22,620 --> 00:01:26,663 My mind and emotions were beyond the confines of that cell. 21 00:01:27,296 --> 00:01:31,272 And when will everyone be free to be who they really are? 22 00:01:31,308 --> 00:01:35,099 I wanna wear a Burkah so nobody sees me as a boy. 23 00:01:36,342 --> 00:01:39,861 That's when I felt what freedom really meant. 24 00:01:47,186 --> 00:01:49,032 This is my journey. 25 00:01:51,135 --> 00:01:53,800 To discover the ties that bind us. 26 00:01:56,176 --> 00:01:58,938 And the common humanity inside us. 27 00:02:01,438 --> 00:02:04,524 This is The Story of Us. 28 00:02:04,561 --> 00:02:09,668 Subtitles by explosiveskull 29 00:02:11,063 --> 00:02:14,035 I'm going to meet a man who was born a slave. 30 00:02:17,355 --> 00:02:22,266 Shin Dong Hyuk began his life in a North Korean labor camp. 31 00:02:23,547 --> 00:02:27,799 It was the only world he knew until he was 23 years old. 32 00:02:28,673 --> 00:02:33,869 I wonder what freedom means for someone who first encounters it as an adult? 33 00:02:35,141 --> 00:02:40,085 Shin and his wife Leann are meeting me in New York City to tell me his story. 34 00:02:40,122 --> 00:02:41,953 Nice to meet you. 35 00:02:41,990 --> 00:02:44,185 - How do you do? - Good. 36 00:02:44,222 --> 00:02:49,062 So, how long you two been married? 37 00:02:49,099 --> 00:02:50,079 - Two year. - Two years? 38 00:02:50,116 --> 00:02:52,373 - Yeah, this April. - Is that a long time yet? 39 00:02:52,409 --> 00:02:54,002 - Yes. - Yeah. 40 00:02:56,444 --> 00:02:59,439 Feels long at the same time it feels like it was just yesterday. 41 00:02:59,476 --> 00:03:02,563 Ok, got, got you out of a hole there. 42 00:03:03,610 --> 00:03:06,573 You been free now for, what? 43 00:03:06,650 --> 00:03:07,669 Eleven year. 44 00:03:07,706 --> 00:03:12,948 Eleven years, okay, so you were born in a slave labor camp? 45 00:03:13,354 --> 00:03:14,770 Yep, so. 46 00:03:14,807 --> 00:03:18,636 How did it come about that you were gonna be born there? 47 00:03:18,673 --> 00:03:22,666 My parents go in the camp, I was born in the camp. 48 00:03:22,703 --> 00:03:25,183 - They were political prisoners? - Yes. 49 00:03:26,036 --> 00:03:29,419 The United Nations estimates there are about 100,000 50 00:03:29,455 --> 00:03:32,102 political prisoners in North Korea. 51 00:03:32,795 --> 00:03:37,728 You can be thrown into a prison camp simply by speaking ill of the country's leader. 52 00:03:39,111 --> 00:03:43,019 Just talk to me a little bit about daily life while you were in the camp. 53 00:03:43,103 --> 00:03:45,221 You were there for a long time. 54 00:03:47,006 --> 00:03:48,630 We woke around 4 AM. 55 00:03:48,667 --> 00:03:52,953 and there would be some kind of signal either a bell, maybe a speaker 56 00:03:52,990 --> 00:03:54,514 and we would know it was time to go and work. 57 00:03:54,574 --> 00:03:56,824 So would do whatever task it would be. 58 00:04:01,960 --> 00:04:06,597 It could be farming corn rice, it could be working in the coal mines. 59 00:04:08,769 --> 00:04:12,354 None of us had dreams or hopes for the future. 60 00:04:12,391 --> 00:04:14,823 It was just so natural, that's just the way it was. 61 00:04:16,170 --> 00:04:18,727 Born there, lived there, die there. 62 00:04:22,836 --> 00:04:26,942 If we do something wrong or don't work well, the guards would give us an option, 63 00:04:26,979 --> 00:04:29,058 you can either starve or get beat. 64 00:04:29,598 --> 00:04:30,322 Gee wiz! 65 00:04:34,239 --> 00:04:39,474 So one of the rules that we learn is that we are never, ever supposed to eat anything, 66 00:04:39,710 --> 00:04:41,124 that is not given to us. 67 00:04:43,217 --> 00:04:48,337 This little girl was probably six or seven at the time but she must have came across 68 00:04:48,373 --> 00:04:51,497 something to eat and she didn't want to eat it all at once and she must have wanted 69 00:04:51,534 --> 00:04:56,512 to save it so she had to hid it in her pocket and one of the guards had said, 70 00:04:56,549 --> 00:04:59,725 why didn't follow the rule, you know better than that? 71 00:05:00,914 --> 00:05:05,166 And he repeatedly hit her on her head and eventually she passed out. 72 00:05:09,918 --> 00:05:14,665 The next day she didn't come to class so the guard sent us to go get her 73 00:05:14,702 --> 00:05:17,928 but when we got the house she was dead. 74 00:05:18,031 --> 00:05:19,630 They beat this child to death? 75 00:05:23,981 --> 00:05:25,439 What about your parents? 76 00:05:27,359 --> 00:05:29,753 Really sad but they were just fellow prisoners to me, 77 00:05:29,845 --> 00:05:32,300 I didn't have any sense of family. 78 00:05:36,091 --> 00:05:41,370 The hardest thing in my whole life is probably the memory of my mum and my brother. 79 00:05:43,261 --> 00:05:47,112 But I learned as a child that I'm supposed to report to the guards at any point 80 00:05:47,152 --> 00:05:50,590 on my own parents, you know, report if they're doing anything wrong. 81 00:05:50,627 --> 00:05:55,022 And the more I report on them, the better off it is for me. 82 00:05:55,643 --> 00:06:00,164 So I thought they were escaping and I reported on them. 83 00:06:02,406 --> 00:06:06,690 I really had no anticipation or thoughts of what would come from that. 84 00:06:07,365 --> 00:06:10,404 There were many people gathered and my father and 85 00:06:10,441 --> 00:06:13,690 I were forced to watch their execution. 86 00:06:29,004 --> 00:06:33,193 But honestly I really had no emotion. 87 00:06:33,245 --> 00:06:35,037 - When it happened? - When it happened. 88 00:06:38,913 --> 00:06:42,517 In a way I thought it must have been a sin that maybe they... 89 00:06:45,458 --> 00:06:46,846 deserved. 90 00:06:55,349 --> 00:06:58,957 Later Shin recalls meeting a fellow prisoner named Park, 91 00:06:58,994 --> 00:07:02,676 a man who traveled throughout North Korea and China. 92 00:07:03,791 --> 00:07:10,177 He intoxicated Shin with descriptions of life lived freely and life with food. 93 00:07:16,075 --> 00:07:20,000 He sparked a lot of curiosity with the things he said. 94 00:07:24,272 --> 00:07:28,147 But the thing that was most fascinating was the way he was able to express 95 00:07:28,184 --> 00:07:31,349 and explain the foods he ate, like pork, 96 00:07:31,386 --> 00:07:36,063 the way he would describe it was so interesting and it just pulled me in. 97 00:07:36,100 --> 00:07:39,520 Some might consider it kind of foolish or humorous 98 00:07:39,557 --> 00:07:42,717 but for me it was something as simple as food. 99 00:07:42,754 --> 00:07:46,019 It was that simple thought that kind of drove me initially. 100 00:07:46,056 --> 00:07:47,046 To run? 101 00:07:50,134 --> 00:07:56,452 In 2005, January 2nd we were tasked to work near the fence. 102 00:07:57,369 --> 00:08:02,402 I had actually been the one to initially say, maybe this is the time we should try. 103 00:08:04,198 --> 00:08:10,033 According to Shin, when they made their break, Park arrived at the fence first. 104 00:08:10,892 --> 00:08:14,213 But he accidentally touched the electric wire. 105 00:08:15,325 --> 00:08:17,940 Only Shin made it through alive. 106 00:08:26,175 --> 00:08:29,417 I really had no idea what to do or where to go, 107 00:08:29,454 --> 00:08:32,646 all I knew is that I needed to get away as far as possible. 108 00:08:32,711 --> 00:08:34,176 Of course, of course. 109 00:08:36,021 --> 00:08:41,195 Shin crossed the border into China and survived by working odd jobs. 110 00:08:41,622 --> 00:08:47,196 He made his way to Shanghai and from there gained passage to Seoul in South Korea. 111 00:08:48,370 --> 00:08:54,838 Shin had freed his body, but he began to realize his mind was still enslaved. 112 00:08:56,562 --> 00:08:57,880 You're free. 113 00:08:57,917 --> 00:08:59,160 How is that feeling? 114 00:08:59,308 --> 00:09:04,309 The time I come to South Korea, in the night I don't sleep. 115 00:09:04,346 --> 00:09:05,123 Nightmare? 116 00:09:05,160 --> 00:09:05,722 Yeah. 117 00:09:08,149 --> 00:09:11,872 And because of the nightmares and the mental distress I couldn't even eat. 118 00:09:15,622 --> 00:09:18,452 I was diagnosed with severe PTSD. 119 00:09:22,802 --> 00:09:27,423 And from that point is when I started having questions in my head about life. 120 00:09:27,510 --> 00:09:30,036 How long were you in South Korea? 121 00:09:32,113 --> 00:09:34,894 - About ten years. - Ten years. 122 00:09:34,950 --> 00:09:37,587 It's a long time to get acclimated. 123 00:09:37,624 --> 00:09:39,802 Which brings up you. 124 00:09:42,438 --> 00:09:48,704 From when I first saw her I liked her right away and I thought she was pretty. 125 00:09:48,778 --> 00:09:53,563 And within a few days I asked if she had a boyfriend and, he's very brave. 126 00:09:53,629 --> 00:09:56,440 - Very brave. - Very brave, I must say. 127 00:09:56,532 --> 00:10:03,340 Marrying Leann and choosing to start a family was for Shin a decisive break from the 128 00:10:03,423 --> 00:10:06,184 chains that had bound him for so long. 129 00:10:11,967 --> 00:10:16,801 It was so hard for me to comprehend and look at the world around me where parents 130 00:10:16,846 --> 00:10:19,845 love their children and feed their children and clothe their children 131 00:10:19,932 --> 00:10:21,193 and care for them. 132 00:10:23,773 --> 00:10:28,103 But now that we are expecting our son, I see how my wife is preparing for it 133 00:10:28,140 --> 00:10:31,399 and I see that there's a child growing inside of her 134 00:10:31,435 --> 00:10:33,652 and I just see the world differently. 135 00:10:35,858 --> 00:10:37,238 - Well Shin. - Bye. 136 00:10:37,301 --> 00:10:39,150 - Thank you so very much. - Thank you very much, thank you. 137 00:10:39,187 --> 00:10:41,037 Really appreciate your coming and doing this. 138 00:10:41,118 --> 00:10:42,869 I hope to see you again maybe. 139 00:10:42,940 --> 00:10:44,607 Alright that's a good idea. 140 00:10:44,704 --> 00:10:47,507 And my darling, thank you. 141 00:10:47,544 --> 00:10:48,418 Thank you, so nice meeting you. 142 00:10:48,464 --> 00:10:49,383 Take care of that young'in. 143 00:10:49,443 --> 00:10:53,628 - Thank you. - OK, bye-bye. - Bye. 144 00:10:58,090 --> 00:11:03,674 Shin didn't suddenly feel free, he had to learn what freedom is. 145 00:11:03,764 --> 00:11:06,693 Experiencing the joy and challenges of life 146 00:11:06,729 --> 00:11:09,559 and all the complex choices you have to make. 147 00:11:09,929 --> 00:11:12,365 He has made those choices. 148 00:11:12,463 --> 00:11:14,082 He's got married. 149 00:11:14,144 --> 00:11:16,153 He has a kid on the way. 150 00:11:16,340 --> 00:11:20,703 And that, that's what gives freedom meaning. 151 00:11:22,382 --> 00:11:25,109 Freedom is a state of mind. 152 00:11:25,683 --> 00:11:28,816 And this man is living proof of that. 153 00:11:29,752 --> 00:11:35,964 He found a way to be free, even though his body was utterly trapped. 154 00:11:37,851 --> 00:11:39,830 For 43 years. 155 00:11:43,231 --> 00:11:48,455 I'm headed to Louisiana, to meet Albert Woodfox. 156 00:11:48,930 --> 00:11:53,552 He was imprisoned here in Angola State Penitentiary for most of his life. 157 00:11:54,165 --> 00:11:57,876 Originally convicted of armed robbery at age 18, 158 00:11:57,923 --> 00:12:03,647 he ended up on solitary confinement for longer than anyone else in American history. 159 00:12:04,169 --> 00:12:05,017 A-ha. 160 00:12:05,072 --> 00:12:08,028 - A-ha. - Mr. Woodfox. 161 00:12:08,065 --> 00:12:11,126 - Mr. Freeman, welcome to my home. - Nice to meet you. 162 00:12:12,566 --> 00:12:16,831 I would expect anyone who spends four decades in solitary to emerge 163 00:12:16,931 --> 00:12:20,412 with a broken soul and deadened mind. 164 00:12:20,911 --> 00:12:24,074 But Albert appears healthy and well adjusted. 165 00:12:24,555 --> 00:12:27,112 I've come to find out how. 166 00:12:27,546 --> 00:12:29,970 So, what got you in prison? 167 00:12:30,327 --> 00:12:32,676 I was a predator in my own community. 168 00:12:32,801 --> 00:12:35,002 You know a petty criminal, a person of the street. 169 00:12:35,039 --> 00:12:37,868 I was undisciplined, unmotivated stuff. 170 00:12:37,916 --> 00:12:42,395 But my crime going to prison was an armed robbery charge. 171 00:12:42,482 --> 00:12:45,205 And did you go straight to Angola when you were convicted? 172 00:12:45,281 --> 00:12:49,284 No I actually escaped the very day I was sentenced to 50 years. 173 00:12:50,565 --> 00:12:55,273 Ok, alright, you escaped, you were out for a little while? 174 00:12:55,346 --> 00:12:57,535 - Well I went to New York. - You went to New York? 175 00:12:57,617 --> 00:13:02,335 It was a defining moment in my life because while in Harlem 176 00:13:02,442 --> 00:13:06,806 I had an up close encounter with the Black Panther Party. 177 00:13:10,544 --> 00:13:13,163 ♪ Revolution has come ♪ 178 00:13:14,193 --> 00:13:18,041 I had always noticed a certain fear in African-Americans, 179 00:13:18,078 --> 00:13:23,224 even those who defied the odds and achieved certain goals in life. 180 00:13:24,246 --> 00:13:29,132 For the first time in my life where I seen black people 181 00:13:29,213 --> 00:13:32,003 and I didn't see that fear, I didn't feel that fear. 182 00:13:32,841 --> 00:13:37,906 Talking about revolution and organizing the black community to protect the people. 183 00:13:38,364 --> 00:13:39,415 Some of the sisters. 184 00:13:39,502 --> 00:13:43,943 And although they possessed outward beauty, it was the inner beauty that I was 185 00:13:43,979 --> 00:13:48,957 seeing, it was the strength and determination and the sense of purpose. 186 00:13:49,926 --> 00:13:54,645 I was profoundly shocked when I realized that hey, 187 00:13:54,695 --> 00:13:58,562 I am worth something, I do matter. 188 00:13:58,612 --> 00:14:01,507 I actually joined the Black Panther Party. 189 00:14:02,554 --> 00:14:03,347 OK. 190 00:14:03,402 --> 00:14:08,695 But I got arrested again and I was eventually extradited back to Louisiana 191 00:14:08,741 --> 00:14:13,686 and after that they shipped me to Angola in 71. 192 00:14:15,559 --> 00:14:18,783 But it was an incident a year after his arrival at Angola 193 00:14:18,881 --> 00:14:21,887 that would change the course of Albert's life. 194 00:14:21,988 --> 00:14:24,748 A prison guard was found murdered. 195 00:14:24,785 --> 00:14:31,126 April 17th 1972 they found a correction officer named Brent Miller 196 00:14:31,193 --> 00:14:33,681 murdered in one of the units. 197 00:14:33,846 --> 00:14:39,440 Each unit has four dormitories and I was in the very last unit. 198 00:14:39,506 --> 00:14:43,774 Even though Albert's unit was nowhere near the scene of the crime, 199 00:14:43,864 --> 00:14:46,591 prison authorities accused him of the murder. 200 00:14:46,839 --> 00:14:48,283 Did they ever find out who did it? 201 00:14:48,366 --> 00:14:53,359 Well they could of, they had a bloody, identifiable bloody fingerprint on the door. 202 00:14:53,443 --> 00:14:57,424 They had the fingerprint of every prisoner in the Angola at that time. 203 00:14:57,631 --> 00:15:00,598 They could have found out who that fingerprint was from. 204 00:15:01,308 --> 00:15:04,815 Albert believes he and two other inmates were framed because 205 00:15:04,892 --> 00:15:07,525 of their affiliation with the Black Panthers. 206 00:15:08,243 --> 00:15:10,214 They labeled me a militant. 207 00:15:10,293 --> 00:15:14,262 During that time a militant meant you was a Panther. 208 00:15:14,347 --> 00:15:17,338 I was placed in solitary confinement. 209 00:15:18,195 --> 00:15:23,732 April 18th 1972 and I didn't get out of solitary confinement 210 00:15:23,800 --> 00:15:27,550 until February 19th 2016. 211 00:15:28,840 --> 00:15:34,704 Albert and the other two inmates each spent decades in solitary confinement. 212 00:15:34,859 --> 00:15:37,709 They became known as the Angola 3. 213 00:15:38,489 --> 00:15:43,753 Human rights groups around the world declared their punishment cruel and inhumane. 214 00:15:43,824 --> 00:15:47,650 Why this room is a little bigger than the cell but it give you some idea 215 00:15:47,791 --> 00:15:53,258 of the size of the cell we lived in in solitary confinement. 216 00:15:53,355 --> 00:15:58,405 The cell is approximately you know, nine feet long and six feet wide. 217 00:15:58,446 --> 00:16:01,368 - This is the length of it? - Yes. - Good Lord. 218 00:16:01,456 --> 00:16:06,759 So you have a very narrow path that you can walk up and down and sit. 219 00:16:09,813 --> 00:16:11,494 How much time you spend in this place? 220 00:16:11,534 --> 00:16:17,338 - A 23 hours out of the day. - 23 hours every day. - Every day. 221 00:16:17,410 --> 00:16:21,884 - Seven days a week. - Seven days a week, 365 days of the year. 222 00:16:28,342 --> 00:16:32,413 It was a living nightmare, filled with one horror after another. 223 00:16:33,702 --> 00:16:36,428 That's the only way I can describe prison. 224 00:16:37,002 --> 00:16:41,583 The strip search, now that it one of the most humiliating experiences 225 00:16:41,620 --> 00:16:42,970 you can go through. 226 00:16:43,029 --> 00:16:46,932 And you have to stand before these people and strip completely naked. 227 00:16:47,018 --> 00:16:51,687 And you have to you know, raise your genitals and you open your mouth 228 00:16:51,724 --> 00:16:56,952 and you know this is what they used to do to our ancestors on the slave block. 229 00:16:57,616 --> 00:17:00,282 And so we started resisting you know, we wouldn't do it. 230 00:17:00,319 --> 00:17:04,480 You know they would tell you strip and you refuse and they'd beat you 231 00:17:04,569 --> 00:17:06,744 and tear your clothes off you and stuff. 232 00:17:06,781 --> 00:17:08,592 Slam you down on the desk. 233 00:17:08,657 --> 00:17:11,012 I don't know how many times I got beat. 234 00:17:11,497 --> 00:17:15,284 Albert's physical world was incredibly small and oppressive 235 00:17:15,511 --> 00:17:19,158 but he refused to let his cage confine him. 236 00:17:20,651 --> 00:17:25,083 That would seem to close the mind Albert. 237 00:17:25,307 --> 00:17:27,241 Didn't close yours. 238 00:17:27,352 --> 00:17:30,472 I never thought about being in the cell. 239 00:17:30,574 --> 00:17:35,405 My mind and emotions and all that were beyond the confines of that cell. 240 00:17:36,264 --> 00:17:41,495 I said that if me dying in solitary confinement become a better human being and 241 00:17:41,578 --> 00:17:45,229 to make those around me better, it would be worth it. 242 00:17:45,940 --> 00:17:49,243 I started to try to raise the level of consciousness of other prisoners 243 00:17:49,280 --> 00:17:51,119 in the dormitory I lived in. 244 00:17:51,155 --> 00:17:57,981 Educate, agitate, organize against prison corruption, prison brutality. 245 00:17:58,057 --> 00:18:02,472 Albert had freed his mind even though his body remained confined. 246 00:18:02,986 --> 00:18:08,976 We are deeply disappointed that Mr. Woodfox will not be released today. 247 00:18:09,384 --> 00:18:12,483 Twice Albert has his conviction overturned. 248 00:18:12,568 --> 00:18:15,938 Twice more the state imposed new charges. 249 00:18:16,719 --> 00:18:21,066 Finally government officials offered to release Albert if he pleaded 250 00:18:21,134 --> 00:18:23,963 "no contest" to lesser charges. 251 00:18:25,056 --> 00:18:31,155 On his 69th birthday, after 43 years and ten months in solitary, 252 00:18:31,244 --> 00:18:36,004 Albert Woodfox became the last of the Angola 3 to be released. 253 00:18:36,629 --> 00:18:40,737 Albert's body finally followed his mind to freedom. 254 00:18:43,611 --> 00:18:48,322 He's finally reunited with his family and he gets to enjoy 255 00:18:48,390 --> 00:18:50,470 being a great grandfather. 256 00:18:50,520 --> 00:18:53,384 He's also an advocate for prisoners rights. 257 00:18:55,074 --> 00:19:00,366 You were amazed at people who were black but not afraid and 258 00:19:00,441 --> 00:19:07,205 I think part of your freedom, while incarcerated, is freedom from fear. 259 00:19:07,247 --> 00:19:09,974 Because if you had been afraid you wouldn't have done any of that. 260 00:19:10,412 --> 00:19:12,975 No I don't think I could. 261 00:19:13,091 --> 00:19:20,130 Every time you know, I had to take a stand and knowing that there would 262 00:19:20,167 --> 00:19:25,173 be some retribution, you know but still overcoming fear, 263 00:19:25,230 --> 00:19:27,889 finding the strength to say, 264 00:19:28,726 --> 00:19:30,787 I'm still, I still got to do this. 265 00:19:30,831 --> 00:19:32,464 I have to do this. 266 00:19:32,541 --> 00:19:37,174 That spells C-O-U-R-A-G-E. 267 00:19:38,036 --> 00:19:39,265 Thank you. 268 00:19:43,299 --> 00:19:48,085 Albert Woodfox had four decades in solitary confinement 269 00:19:48,136 --> 00:19:49,978 to think about freedom. 270 00:19:50,058 --> 00:19:54,982 In prison he learned to cast off the chains that bound him physically 271 00:19:55,081 --> 00:19:57,098 and found that inner freedom. 272 00:19:57,157 --> 00:20:03,927 Nelson Mandela said, "To be free is not merely to cast off ones chains, 273 00:20:04,553 --> 00:20:09,921 but to live in a way that respects and enhances the freedom of others." 274 00:20:11,547 --> 00:20:14,148 Something we must all strive for. 275 00:20:20,614 --> 00:20:25,397 Life without the concept of freedom seems alien to most of us today. 276 00:20:26,442 --> 00:20:32,144 For most of recorded history, freedom was the domain of only a select few. 277 00:20:32,392 --> 00:20:36,101 Royalty, nobility and the wealthy. 278 00:20:36,869 --> 00:20:43,649 But in 1776, 13 British colonies in North America dared to declare freedom 279 00:20:43,717 --> 00:20:45,602 as a basic human right. 280 00:20:50,848 --> 00:20:55,000 I'm headed to the American Philosophical Society in Philadelphia 281 00:20:55,092 --> 00:20:58,627 to meet with its librarian Patrick Spero. 282 00:20:59,055 --> 00:21:03,521 He studies documents dating back to the time of the country's founding. 283 00:21:08,027 --> 00:21:11,897 What you're looking at here is one of the first printings of 284 00:21:11,934 --> 00:21:13,629 the Declaration of Independence. 285 00:21:13,665 --> 00:21:15,746 The first section is the preamble. 286 00:21:15,783 --> 00:21:19,537 And this is where they talk about life, liberty and the pursuit of happiness. 287 00:21:19,694 --> 00:21:23,569 And the idea is that individuals should be free to do these things 288 00:21:23,655 --> 00:21:26,206 and government is constituted to protect those freedoms. 289 00:21:26,262 --> 00:21:27,539 These freedoms. 290 00:21:27,602 --> 00:21:30,796 And what the king has done is broken that contract, 291 00:21:30,867 --> 00:21:33,933 broken that trust and so they have to be freed from 292 00:21:33,969 --> 00:21:37,905 the king in order to be free to do what they want. 293 00:21:37,981 --> 00:21:42,845 Now can you say taht this was the first time a group of people decided that they 294 00:21:42,882 --> 00:21:46,395 wanted to be free to do whatever the heck they wanted to do? 295 00:21:47,161 --> 00:21:52,382 Well I think it's the first time that it was ever written in a official way. 296 00:21:54,353 --> 00:21:59,774 But this is not the only version of the Declaration of Independence that survives. 297 00:22:00,469 --> 00:22:02,831 The other document that I wanna show you is this, 298 00:22:02,871 --> 00:22:06,209 Thomas Jefferson's draft of the Declaration of Independence 299 00:22:06,282 --> 00:22:08,291 and you can see on the side there's these notes. 300 00:22:08,347 --> 00:22:08,862 Yep. 301 00:22:08,931 --> 00:22:11,329 Once Congress got their hands on this they started changing words, 302 00:22:11,394 --> 00:22:12,551 changing meanings. 303 00:22:12,630 --> 00:22:16,857 I think the most notable one is in that famous phrase, that people were endowed with 304 00:22:16,905 --> 00:22:20,991 certain unalienable rights, Jefferson originally wrote 305 00:22:21,056 --> 00:22:24,090 "inherent and inalienable rights". 306 00:22:24,168 --> 00:22:27,364 Inherent rights, which Jefferson used several times, 307 00:22:27,475 --> 00:22:28,842 means that all people are born with the... 308 00:22:28,879 --> 00:22:31,299 Born with these rights. 309 00:22:32,534 --> 00:22:39,791 OK, so if they rights are not inherent, then you're not necessarily born with them, 310 00:22:39,884 --> 00:22:42,070 only a few people are born with them. 311 00:22:42,140 --> 00:22:45,438 And they're applied only to white society. 312 00:22:45,499 --> 00:22:47,746 - White male society? - Yes, yes. 313 00:22:53,204 --> 00:22:56,732 It never occurred to me that the rights to freedom spelled out 314 00:22:56,795 --> 00:22:59,482 in the Declaration of Independence were deliberately 315 00:22:59,518 --> 00:23:03,642 phrased to exclude slaves and women. 316 00:23:04,448 --> 00:23:07,790 Thomas Jefferson's original draft, preserved here in the 317 00:23:07,861 --> 00:23:13,059 American Philosophical Society, describes the rights as inherent, 318 00:23:13,128 --> 00:23:16,646 meaning they should apply to everybody from birth. 319 00:23:16,711 --> 00:23:23,710 But the final signed version only describes certain unalienable rights. 320 00:23:24,500 --> 00:23:31,607 In other words, only rights land owning white men already had, couldn't be taken away. 321 00:23:31,913 --> 00:23:38,490 The Declaration of Independence, it says that all men are created equal, 322 00:23:38,527 --> 00:23:39,829 that's not what it meant? 323 00:23:39,892 --> 00:23:45,093 They aren't writing for the enslaved, they aren't writing for women. 324 00:23:45,199 --> 00:23:49,700 The thing is about this document, is that slavery existed in this period, 325 00:23:49,764 --> 00:23:53,319 but the word is never used and they are purposeful about not using it because 326 00:23:53,396 --> 00:23:58,204 they know that it does not comport with the idea of liberty, 327 00:23:58,244 --> 00:24:00,692 that there's that contradiction, that paradox. 328 00:24:00,756 --> 00:24:05,053 Is it safe to say that Jefferson was probably one of our 329 00:24:05,124 --> 00:24:09,861 most enigmatic presidents? 330 00:24:09,916 --> 00:24:10,793 Yes. 331 00:24:10,840 --> 00:24:15,037 Well you know, the thing is Jefferson was imperfect you know. 332 00:24:15,101 --> 00:24:21,064 Jefferson had slaves, Jefferson's imperfections got at the American paradox. 333 00:24:21,646 --> 00:24:25,848 Ok, so the Declaration of Independence 334 00:24:25,912 --> 00:24:30,820 is not a document guaranteeing freedom? 335 00:24:31,188 --> 00:24:34,393 Yes, I think that's fair. 336 00:24:34,469 --> 00:24:39,558 But once you put that writing in stone, it empowered people, it inspired people. 337 00:24:39,645 --> 00:24:43,016 It drove them to realize what those words meant. 338 00:24:43,093 --> 00:24:44,030 Could mean. 339 00:24:44,099 --> 00:24:47,870 Well it took a lot of fighting and effort, heroic actions, bravery, 340 00:24:48,084 --> 00:24:52,187 people willing to risk their lives to realize the promise of the Declaration. 341 00:24:55,969 --> 00:25:01,326 The Declaration of Independence was not designed to free everyone in America. 342 00:25:01,419 --> 00:25:06,874 Its original purpose was to free powerful American landowners from any 343 00:25:06,911 --> 00:25:09,309 obligations to the King of England. 344 00:25:10,196 --> 00:25:15,239 But, once those white men had signed that document, 345 00:25:15,840 --> 00:25:21,926 they unwittingly opened the road to freedom for the rest of us to walk along. 346 00:25:27,850 --> 00:25:30,841 Freedom doesn't come without a fight. 347 00:25:33,349 --> 00:25:37,486 What American revolutionaries fought for over two centuries ago, 348 00:25:37,566 --> 00:25:41,502 other revolutionaries continue to battle for today. 349 00:25:44,511 --> 00:25:49,091 I've come to Guatemala to meet freedom fighter and Nobel Peace Prize 350 00:25:49,136 --> 00:25:51,761 winner Rigoberta Menchu. 351 00:25:52,274 --> 00:25:57,182 A Guatemalan Indian rights activist who fled her country in 1981 352 00:25:57,218 --> 00:25:59,923 after security forces killed her family. 353 00:26:06,414 --> 00:26:09,868 She has dedicated her life to securing a better future 354 00:26:09,915 --> 00:26:12,719 for the indigenous peoples of her country. 355 00:26:25,082 --> 00:26:26,493 Hello, hello, hello. 356 00:26:27,099 --> 00:26:29,010 Senor Freeman. 357 00:26:38,288 --> 00:26:43,071 Rigoberta belongs to the K'iche one of over 20 indigenous groups of 358 00:26:43,108 --> 00:26:47,869 Mayan descent which make up about half of Guatemala's population. 359 00:26:50,558 --> 00:26:54,353 For centuries the Mayan were denied voting rights and land ownership 360 00:26:54,444 --> 00:26:57,225 and were forced to labor on plantations. 361 00:27:00,633 --> 00:27:05,093 Some of the worst oppression came during the 36 year Guatemalan Civil War. 362 00:27:06,472 --> 00:27:12,001 When tens of thousands of Maya were kidnapped, tortured and murdered. 363 00:27:14,080 --> 00:27:18,591 Rigoberta gave voice to the plight of her people with an oral testimony that would 364 00:27:18,655 --> 00:27:23,236 become her book I, Rigoberta Menchu. 365 00:27:23,302 --> 00:27:25,057 Your book seemed to make quite an impact, 366 00:27:25,094 --> 00:27:26,669 why do you think that is? 367 00:27:30,688 --> 00:27:33,584 I was the first Guatemalan that was able to talk about 368 00:27:33,646 --> 00:27:35,998 what was happening here in Guatemala. 369 00:27:37,930 --> 00:27:40,869 I think Guatemala was a laboratory for cruelty. 370 00:27:42,134 --> 00:27:45,876 Here they practiced torture, they practiced forced disappearance and they 371 00:27:45,913 --> 00:27:48,419 practiced brutal hatred against the Mayans. 372 00:27:50,981 --> 00:27:56,699 Rigoberta's father began organizing rural workers and fighting for indigenous rights 373 00:27:56,786 --> 00:28:01,845 but he drew the attention of the regime which was vent on rooting out guerrillas. 374 00:28:04,431 --> 00:28:07,466 The war reached my home in 1979. 375 00:28:09,949 --> 00:28:11,912 My brother was kidnapped. 376 00:28:12,537 --> 00:28:14,063 He was 16 years old. 377 00:28:17,846 --> 00:28:22,279 And then he was tortured and then he was shot to death. 378 00:28:26,910 --> 00:28:32,249 On January 31st 1980, Rigoberta's father joined a group of activists occupying 379 00:28:32,330 --> 00:28:34,907 the Spanish embassy in Guatemala City. 380 00:28:39,437 --> 00:28:44,705 They were protesting massacres and kidnappings taking place in the countryside. 381 00:28:46,565 --> 00:28:51,139 The authorities ordered a raid but then the embassy caught fire 382 00:28:51,206 --> 00:28:53,743 and police blocked the exits. 383 00:28:54,931 --> 00:28:57,154 He was in the embassy, on fire? 384 00:28:59,201 --> 00:29:00,136 Si. 385 00:29:11,218 --> 00:29:15,067 Three months after the death of my father my mother was kidnapped. 386 00:29:18,040 --> 00:29:20,631 And she suffered the worst of the torture. 387 00:29:23,919 --> 00:29:27,807 And then another one of my brothers had been shot to death. 388 00:29:27,901 --> 00:29:34,172 Your father, your mother, two brothers, killed. 389 00:29:34,822 --> 00:29:35,971 Si. 390 00:29:36,041 --> 00:29:37,477 They never caught up with you? 391 00:29:39,601 --> 00:29:42,839 The Sisters of the Sacred Family brought me to Guatemala City. 392 00:29:45,724 --> 00:29:49,341 They were able to get me out, hide me with religious orders in Mexico. 393 00:29:49,395 --> 00:29:54,688 - How long were you there? - For 14 years. - 14 years in Mexico? 394 00:29:58,833 --> 00:30:02,449 So I made a promise to fight against impunity for the rest of my life. 395 00:30:04,946 --> 00:30:07,844 And I became a spokesperson for Guatemala. 396 00:30:09,165 --> 00:30:14,109 Rigoberta traveled around the world spreading the story of the Maya's quest for freedom. 397 00:30:14,508 --> 00:30:17,064 She addressed the United Nations. 398 00:30:17,640 --> 00:30:21,957 In 1992 she won the Nobel Peace Price. 399 00:30:23,703 --> 00:30:27,796 Her tireless work brought international pressure on Guatemala's government and 400 00:30:27,887 --> 00:30:29,933 helped lead the way to peace. 401 00:30:31,419 --> 00:30:36,835 In Guatemala, just as in the civil rights movement in the US, 402 00:30:36,919 --> 00:30:42,371 some people chose to fight for freedom with the sword, while others chose the pen. 403 00:30:43,268 --> 00:30:47,151 It is those who chose the path of peace I believe, 404 00:30:47,251 --> 00:30:49,742 who lay the foundation for real change. 405 00:30:53,595 --> 00:30:57,190 If freedom is ever going to become a universal human right, 406 00:30:57,248 --> 00:31:01,509 it needs people willing to champion it no matter what the danger. 407 00:31:02,229 --> 00:31:07,789 I'm headed to New York to meet a woman who is fearless in her march for freedom. 408 00:31:10,887 --> 00:31:16,958 Nadya Tolokonnikova is a founding member of Pussy Riot, 409 00:31:17,012 --> 00:31:19,636 a Russian protest rock band. 410 00:31:21,855 --> 00:31:27,557 In 2012 Pussy Riot staged a flash concert inside a Moscow cathedral. 411 00:31:29,261 --> 00:31:33,178 Their aim was to draw attention to what they saw as suppression 412 00:31:33,215 --> 00:31:37,605 of democratic freedoms by Russian President Vladimir Putin 413 00:31:37,730 --> 00:31:40,695 with the collusion of the Russian church. 414 00:31:43,013 --> 00:31:46,978 Nadya's musical protest cost her 22 months in prison. 415 00:31:47,867 --> 00:31:51,504 She's free now, living in New York. 416 00:31:52,662 --> 00:31:56,294 And she refuses to be cowed into silence. 417 00:31:59,355 --> 00:32:04,282 Now the name Pussy Riot, very outgoing and daring and ear catching, 418 00:32:04,333 --> 00:32:06,069 get peoples attention. 419 00:32:06,154 --> 00:32:07,643 How many of you started this? 420 00:32:07,680 --> 00:32:09,553 Me and my friend Kat. 421 00:32:09,633 --> 00:32:13,835 But we have open membership 'cause the idea was to start a movement 422 00:32:13,916 --> 00:32:15,426 and so everybody could join. 423 00:32:15,504 --> 00:32:18,398 Your group, the reason you got arrested, 424 00:32:18,466 --> 00:32:23,274 was you did this raunchy performance in a church. 425 00:32:23,341 --> 00:32:24,178 Mm-hm. 426 00:32:24,230 --> 00:32:28,040 Why did you do that, was it because you knew you would get arrested and 427 00:32:28,125 --> 00:32:29,964 draw a lot of attention or? 428 00:32:30,032 --> 00:32:35,380 I was just really angry because I woke up one morning and they told us, 429 00:32:35,455 --> 00:32:38,968 everybody in my country that Vladimir Putin was next president. 430 00:32:39,059 --> 00:32:42,460 So five months before the elections they just announced it. 431 00:32:42,515 --> 00:32:44,200 And I was confused. 432 00:32:44,270 --> 00:32:46,480 I didn't really like it. 433 00:32:53,489 --> 00:32:55,449 You went to jail. 434 00:32:57,744 --> 00:32:59,171 What was that like? 435 00:32:59,273 --> 00:33:04,496 It made me more stubborn, I was stubborn before but they made me more, focused. 436 00:33:05,595 --> 00:33:09,863 If you're able to find inspiration in everything, then you could find 437 00:33:09,925 --> 00:33:11,764 inspiration in jail too. 438 00:33:12,474 --> 00:33:16,002 But it doesn't change the fact that we don't have any medication, 439 00:33:16,117 --> 00:33:18,163 the conditions are terrible. 440 00:33:18,625 --> 00:33:22,653 I was approached by a lot of women in my camp and they told me, like look, 441 00:33:22,690 --> 00:33:25,544 you're the, the one person who could a actually help us. 442 00:33:26,177 --> 00:33:30,973 You have media and you have lawyers and you have a voice so just tell 443 00:33:31,032 --> 00:33:32,703 what's going on in this prison. 444 00:33:34,003 --> 00:33:37,124 Nadya now had another oppressor of freedom to target. 445 00:33:37,855 --> 00:33:39,878 Russian prison authorities. 446 00:33:40,982 --> 00:33:45,720 She staged multiple hunger strikes and drafted letters of protest. 447 00:33:46,112 --> 00:33:50,165 So I was writing these papers to all these different prison officials about 448 00:33:50,202 --> 00:33:51,387 what I want from them. 449 00:33:51,424 --> 00:33:55,279 I want them improve the food, I wanted them to improve our conditions. 450 00:33:55,316 --> 00:33:58,548 Well I mean make enough noise, it would seem to me that they would 451 00:33:58,631 --> 00:34:01,928 want to shut you completely up. 452 00:34:02,018 --> 00:34:08,249 Stick a needle in your neck and you die, you were never worried about that? 453 00:34:08,979 --> 00:34:11,782 It could happen yeah, it could happen. 454 00:34:16,853 --> 00:34:19,958 Even while she was locked in a Russian prison, 455 00:34:20,025 --> 00:34:23,616 Nadya Tolokonnikova remained a freedom fighter, 456 00:34:23,980 --> 00:34:26,890 battling for basic human rights for inmates. 457 00:34:27,999 --> 00:34:31,622 So I wrote an open letter and then somehow sneaked through this open 458 00:34:31,658 --> 00:34:36,645 letter and they passed it to the free world, and it's all over the world, 459 00:34:36,736 --> 00:34:38,820 it's in the biggest Russian media and it's in the Guardian 460 00:34:38,885 --> 00:34:41,101 and the Times and it's everywhere. 461 00:34:41,220 --> 00:34:45,236 I did achieve something 'cause several guys who were in, 462 00:34:45,343 --> 00:34:48,515 my prison officials they were fired from their jobs. 463 00:34:49,251 --> 00:34:52,194 What do you hope to do ultimately? 464 00:34:52,335 --> 00:34:55,565 I think I'm just trying to build this community all around the world. 465 00:34:56,101 --> 00:35:00,295 You could, you can create some wave of inspiration of or energy... 466 00:35:00,362 --> 00:35:01,681 Oh yeah, yeah, yeah of course. 467 00:35:01,740 --> 00:35:02,640 Inspire some other people. 468 00:35:02,716 --> 00:35:06,554 If you can inspire five people around you that's enough 'cause if that five people 469 00:35:06,622 --> 00:35:09,490 inspire somebody else and then, then it just will grow. 470 00:35:10,842 --> 00:35:15,265 I think fame is a process, it is not an idea it is just this process of exploring 471 00:35:15,330 --> 00:35:18,741 you know yourself and a your existence in the world. 472 00:35:22,075 --> 00:35:25,687 ♪ Would you have freedom from wage slavery? ♪ 473 00:35:25,780 --> 00:35:29,510 ♪ Then join in the grand Industrial band. ♪ 474 00:35:29,862 --> 00:35:33,437 ♪ Would you from misery and hunger be free ♪ 475 00:35:33,474 --> 00:35:36,612 ♪ Then come, do your share, like a man. ♪♪ 476 00:35:36,684 --> 00:35:40,876 Nadya fights for freedom wherever she sees people without it. 477 00:35:41,526 --> 00:35:47,538 In Russia she fought for democratic rights, in prison she fought for human rights. 478 00:35:47,596 --> 00:35:49,434 ♪ There is power, there is power, ♪ 479 00:35:49,470 --> 00:35:51,224 ♪ In a band of working man. ♪ 480 00:35:51,261 --> 00:35:54,991 ♪ When they stand, hand in hand. ♪ 481 00:35:55,062 --> 00:35:56,483 ♪ That's a power, that's a power... ♪♪ 482 00:35:56,520 --> 00:36:01,345 In America she's singing an early 20th century workers rights tune 483 00:36:01,454 --> 00:36:06,768 reflecting one of her new fights, the freedom to join labor unions. 484 00:36:06,805 --> 00:36:10,424 ♪ One industrial union grand. ♪ 485 00:36:12,751 --> 00:36:19,651 Freedom may be an eternal principle, but in reality freedom will wither and die 486 00:36:19,688 --> 00:36:26,842 unless people like Nadya fight for it, rejuvenate it, nourish it. 487 00:36:27,123 --> 00:36:28,998 ♪ Hand in hand. ♪ 488 00:36:29,051 --> 00:36:30,720 ♪ That's a power that's a power. ♪ 489 00:36:30,757 --> 00:36:32,757 ♪ That must true in every land. ♪ 490 00:36:32,818 --> 00:36:36,772 ♪ One industrial union grand. ♪♪ 491 00:36:39,774 --> 00:36:43,335 Most freedom fighters struggle against outside oppressors. 492 00:36:43,709 --> 00:36:47,980 Kings, governments, or prison guards. 493 00:36:51,441 --> 00:36:53,626 But there's another form of freedom. 494 00:36:54,942 --> 00:37:02,139 The freedom to be and to be seen as who we really are. 495 00:37:03,993 --> 00:37:06,001 I'm meeting Victoria Khan, 496 00:37:06,198 --> 00:37:10,413 a woman who has fought for freedom in every aspect of her life. 497 00:37:11,458 --> 00:37:15,756 She grew up in Afghanistan during the tumult of the early 90s. 498 00:37:15,969 --> 00:37:20,044 The Taliban were gaining a foothold but were being fought by 499 00:37:20,081 --> 00:37:24,174 homegrown rebel groups led by Ahmad Shah Massoud. 500 00:37:32,736 --> 00:37:34,847 You have quite a story to tell me. 501 00:37:34,972 --> 00:37:37,696 Start way back and tell me. 502 00:37:37,733 --> 00:37:42,404 I was born in Afghanistan and my parents were working 503 00:37:42,479 --> 00:37:44,558 for Ahmad Shah Massoud. 504 00:37:44,635 --> 00:37:49,550 My mum and dad adored me of course and I have a little sister. 505 00:37:49,631 --> 00:37:53,419 The civil war breaks out somewhere when you were around six or seven yeas old. 506 00:37:54,133 --> 00:37:57,105 So one night there's something you can feel there's loud 507 00:37:57,205 --> 00:37:59,625 and screaming and gun shots. 508 00:38:03,147 --> 00:38:06,012 And everyone's home had hidden areas. 509 00:38:07,500 --> 00:38:10,685 And my mum and dad they put us, both of us in there. 510 00:38:11,428 --> 00:38:16,233 I remember my mum saying, don't you come out until everything is quiet. 511 00:38:17,550 --> 00:38:21,399 Then they kiss us, they said take care of your sister and that was it. 512 00:38:28,565 --> 00:38:31,546 Can you tell me what happened when you came up? 513 00:38:38,874 --> 00:38:44,862 The street was full of dead bodies, blood. 514 00:38:45,943 --> 00:38:48,652 It's impossible to recognize whose who. 515 00:38:54,889 --> 00:39:00,954 Not only they shot people, they chopped off heads, chopped off body parts. 516 00:39:01,430 --> 00:39:03,749 - Did you find your parents? - No. 517 00:39:06,200 --> 00:39:12,542 After your parents were killed, all the children were taken by Mullahs and these 518 00:39:12,613 --> 00:39:17,520 imams and Mullahs would pick out I'll take him, her, him, her. 519 00:39:17,574 --> 00:39:18,973 How did that go? 520 00:39:19,041 --> 00:39:24,119 I did that for I would say maybe four or five months until I saw these 521 00:39:24,227 --> 00:39:26,807 imam on top of my sister... 522 00:39:28,799 --> 00:39:33,268 molesting her and she was five and a half years old. 523 00:39:33,358 --> 00:39:37,832 So when he went to prayer room, ran into the house, grabbed my sister and I put 524 00:39:37,868 --> 00:39:41,791 her on me because she couldn't even walk, she was bleeding and... 525 00:39:45,456 --> 00:39:50,480 I carried her on my back maybe a few miles until we found a women 526 00:39:50,530 --> 00:39:52,643 who was sitting outside her home. 527 00:39:52,705 --> 00:39:57,165 She took us in and gave us some dry bread and water. 528 00:39:58,590 --> 00:40:01,898 But then she told us she's gonna take us to some very safe place. 529 00:40:02,718 --> 00:40:05,274 It was a Wahabi camp for children. 530 00:40:07,241 --> 00:40:12,250 Where they start telling you how to become a suicide bomber, 531 00:40:12,334 --> 00:40:15,835 but they're not gonna just up front coming up and say we're gonna train you 532 00:40:15,912 --> 00:40:17,662 to become a suicide bomber. 533 00:40:20,955 --> 00:40:24,808 You're wanting to be because they say you're gonna meet your mum and dad. 534 00:40:24,862 --> 00:40:27,985 And we really, really wanted to see our parents. 535 00:40:30,064 --> 00:40:33,538 Just as Victoria believed she was about to be shipped to Pakistan 536 00:40:33,575 --> 00:40:39,133 for more jihadi training, the rebel leader Ahmad Shah Massoud 537 00:40:40,298 --> 00:40:42,430 attacked the Wahabi camp. 538 00:40:44,068 --> 00:40:50,739 Ahmad Shah Massoud and maybe 40, 50 fighters comes in the horses with their weapons. 539 00:40:53,862 --> 00:40:56,216 Oh my god this person gonna save me. 540 00:40:57,018 --> 00:41:03,563 Ahmad Shah Massoud kills every single one of these people who are torturing these children, 541 00:41:03,824 --> 00:41:08,243 so he rescues every one of us, 5-600 children. 542 00:41:10,949 --> 00:41:13,182 That's Ahmad Shah Massoud. 543 00:41:13,274 --> 00:41:18,389 He was not just a leader of our country he was a spiritual leader. 544 00:41:18,523 --> 00:41:21,829 - Savior. - Savior, that's the word I was looking for. 545 00:41:22,940 --> 00:41:25,903 After Victoria and her sister were liberated, 546 00:41:26,496 --> 00:41:29,598 a woman offered them safe passage to Tajikistan. 547 00:41:30,613 --> 00:41:34,856 So you got this woman she's taking you now to Tajikistan. 548 00:41:34,893 --> 00:41:36,613 Yes, we're crossing a border. 549 00:41:36,721 --> 00:41:40,757 I'm crying, I said I don't want to be separated from my sister, 550 00:41:40,831 --> 00:41:44,839 I wanna wear a Burkah so nobody sees me as a boy. 551 00:41:44,923 --> 00:41:49,468 - Wait, wait, wait, you were not a girl. - I was in a boy body. 552 00:41:49,556 --> 00:41:50,745 You were born a boy. 553 00:41:50,818 --> 00:41:56,836 I looked skinny little version boy physically, and beautiful girl inside. 554 00:42:01,412 --> 00:42:04,476 Many people today fight for the freedom to live as their minds 555 00:42:04,513 --> 00:42:06,628 and spirits compel them to. 556 00:42:14,887 --> 00:42:19,076 But Victoria Khan's struggle to free her true self was coupled with 557 00:42:19,113 --> 00:42:21,760 a long battle to stay alive. 558 00:42:22,629 --> 00:42:27,926 As a transgender woman, she grew up in Afghanistan being seen as a boy. 559 00:42:29,015 --> 00:42:33,582 But while crossing the border in Tajikistan with her younger sister, 560 00:42:34,307 --> 00:42:37,581 Victoria wanted to make sure they were not separated. 561 00:42:38,607 --> 00:42:40,958 So she put on a Burkah. 562 00:42:42,051 --> 00:42:46,613 The Burkah was that lightening stroke, that says yes. 563 00:42:46,951 --> 00:42:53,547 When I put it on the first time that I felt what freedom really meant. 564 00:42:53,897 --> 00:42:59,674 It felt so right, first time I felt like, like the wings I had in my back, 565 00:42:59,734 --> 00:43:01,380 that I could fly. 566 00:43:01,416 --> 00:43:06,620 Now I get the taste of that, now I cannot forget it 567 00:43:06,657 --> 00:43:09,456 and I cannot give up never having it either. 568 00:43:10,167 --> 00:43:15,489 Victoria spent the next few years making her way from Tajikistan to Europe 569 00:43:15,575 --> 00:43:17,964 where her sister now lives. 570 00:43:18,739 --> 00:43:22,210 Eventually Victoria made it to the U.S. 571 00:43:22,746 --> 00:43:26,422 She had freed herself from the mortal dangers of her childhood, 572 00:43:26,938 --> 00:43:29,153 but she still wasn't free. 573 00:43:29,418 --> 00:43:32,726 Here you are in the United States where we're free. 574 00:43:32,956 --> 00:43:35,621 You can do pretty much whatever you want. 575 00:43:36,144 --> 00:43:37,269 Do you feel free? 576 00:43:37,306 --> 00:43:39,979 I was yearning for that feminine feeling. 577 00:43:40,047 --> 00:43:45,022 Remember when I put the Burkah on it made me feel free but I thought putting 578 00:43:45,059 --> 00:43:50,884 this western skirt and the head bands on it will make also 579 00:43:50,921 --> 00:43:53,316 again feels the same powerful feelings, 580 00:43:53,353 --> 00:43:57,566 but I had a little bump on that road because closer to the mirror 581 00:43:57,603 --> 00:44:01,685 I got there was a fuzzy mustache start growing. 582 00:44:02,527 --> 00:44:09,118 That was, terrifying, terrifying to think that its actually would 583 00:44:09,213 --> 00:44:12,994 become like my fathers with full face beard. 584 00:44:13,068 --> 00:44:16,098 I was tired of acting as a man. 585 00:44:17,333 --> 00:44:20,161 It was exhausting 24/7. 586 00:44:20,270 --> 00:44:23,275 So first I decided to do my facial. 587 00:44:23,328 --> 00:44:29,501 It took me almost a year and a half to do electrolysis and lasers and all that is the 588 00:44:29,537 --> 00:44:32,080 most extremely painful thing. 589 00:44:33,118 --> 00:44:37,066 Then why don't I just do the entire surgery all back to back. 590 00:44:37,758 --> 00:44:41,180 I went to Colombia, had 18 surgeries back to back. 591 00:44:42,500 --> 00:44:49,734 We have a saying about freedom, it's not just walls and bars. 592 00:44:50,853 --> 00:44:53,947 Sometimes it's just the mind. 593 00:44:55,535 --> 00:44:56,877 You are right. 594 00:44:57,923 --> 00:45:02,778 Being free from anything and anyone is the best thing we can ever 595 00:45:02,814 --> 00:45:05,029 experience as a human being. 596 00:45:06,067 --> 00:45:12,001 I hope you do all the things you want to do, you've earned them. 597 00:45:12,735 --> 00:45:14,422 Thank you so much. 598 00:45:16,002 --> 00:45:17,322 Thank you. 599 00:45:20,346 --> 00:45:23,882 Victoria has followed a long road to freedom. 600 00:45:24,593 --> 00:45:28,146 She was born in a country at civil war. 601 00:45:28,890 --> 00:45:32,325 Survived becoming an orphan. 602 00:45:33,709 --> 00:45:36,876 Escaped becoming a suicide bomber. 603 00:45:38,729 --> 00:45:42,214 But the hardest ordeal was the last. 604 00:45:43,264 --> 00:45:49,103 Having the courage to free the person she truly is. 605 00:46:01,338 --> 00:46:08,349 Abraham Lincoln said, "Those who deny freedom to others, deserve it not for themselves." 606 00:46:09,176 --> 00:46:13,561 But the war for universal freedom is far from won and the battle lines are 607 00:46:13,598 --> 00:46:16,420 only moved forward slowly. 608 00:46:16,469 --> 00:46:19,954 Around the world millions of people still live in slavery. 609 00:46:20,983 --> 00:46:26,803 Women still struggle to be granted the same rights as men. 610 00:46:26,929 --> 00:46:32,598 Others just want to be allowed to be the person they know they are inside. 611 00:46:34,330 --> 00:46:39,204 It's been truly humbling to meet those people who fought so hard for their freedoms. 612 00:46:40,202 --> 00:46:46,139 Their stories are a shocking reminder of how vigilant we must be 613 00:46:46,252 --> 00:46:48,371 to protect human rights. 614 00:46:50,115 --> 00:46:54,816 But they also give me a glimmer of hope that one day, 615 00:46:55,767 --> 00:46:58,580 those rights will apply to all of us. 616 00:46:58,617 --> 00:47:01,117 Subtitles by explosiveskull 55514

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