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Narrator: preserved in
Italy's turin cathedral
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Is one of christianity's
Most famous holy relics.
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The turin shroud is said
To be the burial cloth
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In which jesus was wrapped
After his crucifixion
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Over 2,000 years ago.
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The shroud completely inspires
Those who believe in it
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Because we have to remember,
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Jesus left no physical trace
Of himself on earth.
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He wrote nothing.
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There's no archaeological
Evidence, actually,
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That he existed,
But if the shroud is real,
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Then this is tangible proof
That he did.
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The turin shroud might be
The silver bullet
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That proves beyond
A shadow of doubt
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The existence of jesus christ.
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Narrator: incredibly,
It seems jesus's image
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Was somehow imprinted on the
Turin shroud when he was buried.
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Although the image
Is very faint,
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A negative is much clearer.
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Could this really be
The face of jesus
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After his death
Crowned with thorns?
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Millions of christian
Faithful believe so,
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As do some scientists.
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I think we can be
Certain that this is
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The burial wrapping jesus.
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Narrator: skeptics disagree.
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Unfortunately,
It's a pretty obvious fake
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From the middle ages.
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Narrator: what is the truth?
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Is the turin shroud genuine,
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Or can other amazing
Explanations
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Solve the puzzle
Of its mysterious properties?
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It's not the burial cloth
Of jesus christ.
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It's the world's
First photograph created
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By the world's greatest genius,
Leonardo da vinci.
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*
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-- captions by vitac --
Www.Vitac.Com
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Captions paid for by
Discovery communications
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Narrator: turin cathedral
Is home to one of
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The most famous christian relics
On the planet --
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The turin shroud.
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The turin shroud is so iconic
'cause it represents
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What might be the only physical,
Tangible proof of jesus christ.
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Selwood: the shroud
Gives a face to a man
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Whose legacy has dominated
So much of human history.
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His physical anatomy
Is visible on this shroud,
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And that's incredibly powerful
For many people.
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Narrator: but is the
Turin shroud really the genuine
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Burial cloth of jesus?
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Today, the turin shroud
Is displayed to the public
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Only on rare occasions,
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But a modern copy
Is on permanent display
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In the church of the holy shroud
Near turin cathedral.
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*
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Bruno barberis is
The scientific coordinator
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Of turin's international center
For study of the shroud.
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We can see the most important
Thing -- the double human image.
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Here we can see the face,
The chest,
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The hands, and the legs.
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The blood image are clearly
Distinguishable
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Due to the fact
That they are more red.
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In my opinion, the probability
That it's not a fake
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But is really the burial cloth
Of jesus of nazareth
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Is very, very high.
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*
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Narrator: skeptics, however,
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Are convinced
That the turin shroud
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Is not jesus's genuine
Burial cloth,
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Partly because the first
Solid historical evidence
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Of the shroud's existence
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Isn't until it appeared
In france in the 1350s,
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Nearly 1,400 years
After jesus's death.
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Nickell: the shroud shows up
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Under very suspicious
Circumstances
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In the hands of
A soldier of fortune named
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Geoffroi de charny,
And he never was able to say
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Quite precisely how he,
A man of modest means,
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Had acquired the most
Holy relic in christianity.
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Narrator: adding to doubts about
The shroud's authenticity,
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A french cleric of the time
Denounced it as a forgery.
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When the shroud was first
Exhibited in the 1350s,
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The local bishop complained and
Said that this was a bad thing,
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This was misleading people,
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And he said he even met
The painter who had painted it.
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Narrator: despite this,
The legend of the shroud
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As the true burial cloth
Of jesus
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Continued to grow
Over the centuries.
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A fire damaged it in 1532,
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Causing burn marks
And water stains.
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But nuns quickly
Patched it up.
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And in 1578, it was moved
From france to turin,
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Where it's been treasured
Ever since.
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Yet given the shrouds
Cryptic origins,
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Today, the vatican is
Officially cautious
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About whether the shroud
Is genuine or not.
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The church doesn't
Actually say itself
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That this is a literal
Image of christ.
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They refer to it not as
A relic, but as an icon,
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That it's a
Representation of jesus,
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So if you want,
The church itself
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Seems to be keeping
Its options open.
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Narrator: true believers and
Skeptics alike want to resolve
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The debate about the shroud
Once and for all.
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For over 40 years, both sides
Have turned to science
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To provide
The definitive answer.
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The first large-scale scientific
Investigation of the shroud
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Was carried out
In the late 1970s
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By the shroud of turin
Research project.
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Barrie schwortz
Was a photographic expert
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On the primarily american team.
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We did a myriad of different
Types of photography,
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But we also
Did spectral analyses,
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X-ray and x-ray fluorescence,
And reflectance analysis.
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So we had all of these different
Pieces of equipment.
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At that moment in time,
They were state-of-the-art.
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And ironically, the single
Question we went to answer,
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How was the image formed,
We were unable to answer.
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We knew of no mechanism
That could make an image
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With the chemistry and physics
That we found on the shroud.
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And because of that,
I came to accept that this was
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Most likely the burial shroud
Of the historic jesus.
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Narrator: since schwortz's team
Examined the turin shroud
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In the late 1970s,
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Many others have done
Scientific studies of their own.
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Some have agreed that
It's likely to be authentic,
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But many others have
Declared the shroud
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To be a medieval fake.
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Selwood: so now we have
All these scientific proofs
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That the shroud is real
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Along with the scientific proofs
That it isn't.
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The debate rages,
But this is one of
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The most central artifacts
In christianity if it's real.
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*
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Narrator: one of the most recent
Scientific studies,
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Published in 2018
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By forensic anthropologist
Dr. Matteo borrini,
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Employed bloodstain-pattern
Analysis,
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A technique often used
In criminal investigations.
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Morning, people.
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So, ready to start
With experiment?
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Yeah? Very good.
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In the first part of his
Recreated experiment,
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Dr. Borrini is comparing
The blood pattern
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On the turin shroud
To how jesus would have bled
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If he was crucified
On a traditionally shaped cross.
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So, now your arm is extended
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Like the classical
Crucifixion position,
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So with the arm
Completely horizontal.
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So, now -- exactly.
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We see here the bleeding with
The arm completely extended.
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So what we see is that
There is just bleeding
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That is going down,
Following the law of gravity,
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Going down 90 degrees.
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However, what we see in
The turn shroud is not this.
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Narrator: instead, the blood
From jesus's wrists,
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As seen on the turin shroud,
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Didn't drip at a
90-degree angle to his arms,
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But dripped along
The length of his arms.
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But this doesn't necessarily
Mean the turin shroud is a fake.
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We have a very particular
Image of christ on the cross.
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And that's because of centuries
Of medieval and renaissance art
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That have fixed this vision
In our mind.
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But actually, roman crucifixions
Equally took place
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On x-shaped crosses,
T-shaped crosses,
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Or simply even nailing
The victim to a tree
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That was still living,
So christ's crucifixion
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Actually could have taken
Any one of these forms.
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Narrator: as a result of this,
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Dr. Borrini repeats the
Experiment in case jesus was
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Crucified with his hands nailed
High above his head.
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*
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Yes. Here you see --
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I will hold your arm
So you will not feel the pain
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Of a proper
Crucified person.
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As you can see here, the blood
Is coming down quite vertically.
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Now, this is the direction
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That we have
In the turin shroud.
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Scientific testing
Could support
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The authenticity
Of the turin shroud
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If jesus's hands were nailed
High above his head.
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But what about evidence
Suggesting the shroud
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Is a medieval forgery?
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And if it is a fake, who would
Have had the motive and skill
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To create something
So convincing
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That it's fooled millions
Of people for centuries?
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*
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*
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Narrator: the turin shroud
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May be christianity's
Most famous holy relic.
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But is it the genuine
Burial cloth of jesus,
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Or is it a remarkable fake
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That continues to fool millions
Of people after centuries?
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For over 40 years,
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Scientists have searched
For the definitive answer.
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The single best scientific
Data point we have on the shroud
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Is carbon dating
That was done in 1988.
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It was done immensely
Scientifically and independently
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And overseen
By the british museum.
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Strips of the cloth
Were sent to oxford,
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To arizona, and to zurich,
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And they all tested
Independently of each other.
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And the results that came back
With a 95% certainty
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Were that the linen dated from
Between 1260 and 1390.
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Narrator: so if the
Carbon dating was accurate,
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The turin shroud is
A medieval fake
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Dating to the
13th or 14th centuries.
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However, believers in the shroud
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Have suggested
The study was flawed,
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00:11:00,200 --> 00:11:04,933
Even though most experts
Accept the dating results.
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00:11:04,933 --> 00:11:08,533
One shroud researcher
In particular, lynn picknett,
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Believes it's a medieval forgery
And claims to have identified
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The person who
Faked it so convincingly.
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Very few people would have had
The motive and talent
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Besides one of
The greatest artists,
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00:11:21,200 --> 00:11:25,067
Scientists, and inventors
Of all time --
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Leonardo da vinci.
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We can't be certain
Who commissioned leonardo
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To fake the shroud,
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But almost certainly,
It was someone in the vatican,
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Perhaps even the pope,
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Because in those days,
They were very corrupt.
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And basically, they wanted
The ultimate christian relic
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That would pull in the punters
And line their pockets.
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From the late medieval ages,
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There was a significant
Commercial value
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In having holy relics
Because you would draw pilgrims
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Not only to your church
But to your city,
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And that was a significant
Source of income.
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We know leonardo was given
A room in the vatican,
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A secret room.
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We don't know much about
What happened in there,
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00:12:08,600 --> 00:12:12,833
But whatever it was, it involved
A machine made of mirrors.
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00:12:12,833 --> 00:12:16,067
And it is said that whatever
Went on in that room,
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00:12:16,067 --> 00:12:20,067
The german mirror makers that
Were employed ran out screaming
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That it was sorcery.
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And it seemed to involve
Huge flashes of light.
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Narrator: lynn believes
That leonardo da vinci
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00:12:28,567 --> 00:12:33,067
Had the equipment and skills,
Even in the 15th century,
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00:12:33,067 --> 00:12:35,833
To experiment with photography.
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She claims the turin shroud
Is actually
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00:12:38,067 --> 00:12:40,667
The world's first photograph.
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00:12:40,667 --> 00:12:42,233
Gough:
I personally have no doubt
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00:12:42,233 --> 00:12:45,400
That leonardo had
The technological know-how
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00:12:45,400 --> 00:12:48,600
And means to fake
The turn shroud.
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00:12:48,600 --> 00:12:52,133
Leonardo invented so many
Innovative things
246
00:12:52,133 --> 00:12:56,067
That have only come to
Mass production -- helicopters,
247
00:12:56,067 --> 00:13:01,067
Flying machines, all sorts
Of technological devices
248
00:13:01,067 --> 00:13:04,300
That were hundreds of years
Ahead of their time.
249
00:13:04,300 --> 00:13:07,467
And he was working
With camera technology.
250
00:13:07,467 --> 00:13:09,100
He built a camera obscura,
251
00:13:09,100 --> 00:13:13,600
Which he called artificial eye,
With a little hole in one wall,
252
00:13:13,600 --> 00:13:17,733
And you projected images
Through it onto the inner wall.
253
00:13:17,733 --> 00:13:23,067
What you had to do is you put
A cloth in the camera obscura,
254
00:13:23,067 --> 00:13:25,867
Coat it with
Light-sensitive chemicals --
255
00:13:25,867 --> 00:13:29,300
Chemicals that were readily
Available in leonardo's day,
256
00:13:29,300 --> 00:13:31,767
For example,
Egg white and urine,
257
00:13:31,767 --> 00:13:34,867
And basically,
The light hits it,
258
00:13:34,867 --> 00:13:37,933
And the image forms.
259
00:13:37,933 --> 00:13:40,067
Narrator: but developing
A photograph using
260
00:13:40,067 --> 00:13:43,567
A camera obscura
Can take several days.
261
00:13:43,567 --> 00:13:46,067
So it's very unlikely
Leonardo da vinci
262
00:13:46,067 --> 00:13:51,267
Got someone to stand still for
So long in front of the pinhole.
263
00:13:51,267 --> 00:13:52,433
Instead, lynn believes
264
00:13:52,433 --> 00:13:55,200
That leonardo used
The body of a corpse
265
00:13:55,200 --> 00:13:58,133
And the cast of
A jesus-like face
266
00:13:58,133 --> 00:14:02,200
To create his photographic image
Of jesus on the shroud.
267
00:14:02,200 --> 00:14:07,067
The idea that leonardo da vinci
Could have effectively created
268
00:14:07,067 --> 00:14:09,900
A renaissance-era
Photograph of jesus
269
00:14:09,900 --> 00:14:12,800
Isn't quite as outlandish
As it may seem
270
00:14:12,800 --> 00:14:16,300
Because for one thing,
The idea of the camera obscura
271
00:14:16,300 --> 00:14:20,367
Was known 500 years
Before leonardo.
272
00:14:20,367 --> 00:14:23,433
And we know from his drawing
Of the vitruvian man
273
00:14:23,433 --> 00:14:24,700
That he was fascinated
274
00:14:24,700 --> 00:14:27,933
By the way that human bodies
Move and so on.
275
00:14:27,933 --> 00:14:30,067
So it might have been
That the turin shroud
276
00:14:30,067 --> 00:14:33,500
Was one of leonardo's
More bizarre experiments.
277
00:14:33,500 --> 00:14:36,733
Leonardo had no compunction
About doing terrible things
278
00:14:36,733 --> 00:14:40,467
To corpses in his
Anatomical researches.
279
00:14:40,467 --> 00:14:43,300
He would have experimented
Until he got it right.
280
00:14:43,300 --> 00:14:47,367
He would have crucified
A corpse.
281
00:14:47,367 --> 00:14:49,500
Narrator: then lynn believes
Leonardo da vinci
282
00:14:49,500 --> 00:14:52,533
Illuminated his cast of
A jesus-like face
283
00:14:52,533 --> 00:14:54,700
And the crucified corpse,
284
00:14:54,700 --> 00:14:57,567
Projecting their images
Through a crystal lens
285
00:14:57,567 --> 00:15:02,400
Onto the light-sensitive cloth
In the camera obscura.
286
00:15:02,400 --> 00:15:06,400
After a couple of days,
You take the cloth out
287
00:15:06,400 --> 00:15:09,067
And you wash it in cold water.
288
00:15:09,067 --> 00:15:12,767
And you're left with
The light bits.
289
00:15:12,767 --> 00:15:15,567
The dark bits just wash away.
290
00:15:15,567 --> 00:15:18,667
So you've got a negative image,
Essentially,
291
00:15:18,667 --> 00:15:22,567
And there you have it,
The shroud of jesus.
292
00:15:22,567 --> 00:15:28,533
And then you paint blood on
And you've got it.
293
00:15:28,533 --> 00:15:32,200
And the pilgrims come in,
And they go, "Wow."
294
00:15:32,200 --> 00:15:34,467
Narrator:
It's an extraordinary idea.
295
00:15:34,467 --> 00:15:36,500
Can it really be substantiated
296
00:15:36,500 --> 00:15:40,500
That leonardo da vinci
Crucified a corpse in order
297
00:15:40,500 --> 00:15:44,167
To create christianity's
Best-known holy relic?
298
00:15:44,167 --> 00:15:46,567
Lynn picknett is committed
To trying to prove
299
00:15:46,567 --> 00:15:48,767
This theory beyond doubt.
300
00:15:48,767 --> 00:15:50,900
Yet there's still
The possibility
301
00:15:50,900 --> 00:15:54,667
That the turin shroud
Is genuine, and to this day,
302
00:15:54,667 --> 00:15:57,833
Scientists continue
Carrying out experiments
303
00:15:57,833 --> 00:16:00,633
To try to verify
Its authenticity.
304
00:16:02,500 --> 00:16:08,600
*
305
00:16:08,600 --> 00:16:10,700
Narrator:
Preserved in turin cathedral
306
00:16:10,700 --> 00:16:14,400
Is one of christianity's
Most renowned holy relics --
307
00:16:14,400 --> 00:16:16,700
The turin shroud.
308
00:16:16,700 --> 00:16:21,100
Said to be jesus's burial cloth,
Bloodstain-pattern analysis
309
00:16:21,100 --> 00:16:23,833
Has hinted that
Some of the blood stains on it
310
00:16:23,833 --> 00:16:27,300
Could be
Physiologically accurate.
311
00:16:27,300 --> 00:16:30,800
Skeptics, however,
Believe it's a medieval forgery,
312
00:16:30,800 --> 00:16:35,733
Perhaps even an early photograph
Taken by leonardo da vinci.
313
00:16:35,733 --> 00:16:38,533
But although radiocarbon tests
Have dated the shroud
314
00:16:38,533 --> 00:16:41,500
To the 13th or 14th centuries,
315
00:16:41,500 --> 00:16:44,067
Some people have
Identified inaccuracies
316
00:16:44,067 --> 00:16:46,967
In the scientific process used.
317
00:16:46,967 --> 00:16:48,867
Selwood: so, one prominent
Line of argument
318
00:16:48,867 --> 00:16:53,233
Is that soot from the fire
That the shroud suffered
319
00:16:53,233 --> 00:16:54,900
Impregnated the fibers,
320
00:16:54,900 --> 00:16:57,067
And that has thrown off
The carbon dating.
321
00:16:57,067 --> 00:16:59,400
Well, it's a theory
That you can put forward.
322
00:16:59,400 --> 00:17:01,400
But the scientists who
Conducted the carbon dating
323
00:17:01,400 --> 00:17:04,300
Have addressed these issues
And say absolutely not.
324
00:17:04,300 --> 00:17:06,833
Their tests take account
Of these factors.
325
00:17:06,833 --> 00:17:09,167
I have friends
That are pro-shroud.
326
00:17:09,167 --> 00:17:10,900
I felt -- when the
Carbon dating was done,
327
00:17:10,900 --> 00:17:13,700
I felt genuinely sorry for them
328
00:17:13,700 --> 00:17:17,967
Because I knew they were
Briefly -- only briefly --
329
00:17:17,967 --> 00:17:19,800
They were devastated.
330
00:17:19,800 --> 00:17:22,900
And then they came up
With several hopeful theories,
331
00:17:22,900 --> 00:17:27,133
And they were back off
And running again.
332
00:17:27,133 --> 00:17:30,167
Narrator: one longstanding
Turin shroud researcher
333
00:17:30,167 --> 00:17:33,633
Who doubts the reliability
Of the carbon-dating results
334
00:17:33,633 --> 00:17:35,500
Is stephen mattingly,
335
00:17:35,500 --> 00:17:38,433
Recently retired after
More than 30 years of working
336
00:17:38,433 --> 00:17:42,767
As a professor of microbiology
At the university of texas.
337
00:17:42,767 --> 00:17:45,833
*
338
00:17:45,833 --> 00:17:48,933
Mattingly: when the
Radiocarbon date came out,
339
00:17:48,933 --> 00:17:54,733
That kind of convinced me
At the time that it was medieval
340
00:17:54,733 --> 00:17:57,633
And it was some kind of fake.
341
00:17:57,633 --> 00:18:02,967
But since I've thought about it
And got involved in research
342
00:18:02,967 --> 00:18:04,867
And thought about it
Scientifically,
343
00:18:04,867 --> 00:18:10,500
I realize now that it is
The actual shroud of jesus.
344
00:18:10,500 --> 00:18:12,200
Narrator:
According to mattingly,
345
00:18:12,200 --> 00:18:15,900
The shroud was dated
Inaccurately to medieval times,
346
00:18:15,900 --> 00:18:18,433
Not only because of
The medieval fire,
347
00:18:18,433 --> 00:18:21,200
But also because
Airborne bacteria
348
00:18:21,200 --> 00:18:25,900
Accumulated on the shroud
Over the centuries.
349
00:18:25,900 --> 00:18:28,733
Mattingly: a common contaminant,
Bacillus subtilis,
350
00:18:28,733 --> 00:18:31,233
Are in the air everywhere.
351
00:18:31,233 --> 00:18:35,833
Each day, they're adding
New carbon, radioactive carbon.
352
00:18:35,833 --> 00:18:40,367
So the contamination issue
Is something we can't deal with
353
00:18:40,367 --> 00:18:43,700
As far as the shroud of turin
Is concerned.
354
00:18:43,700 --> 00:18:46,600
Narrator: most significantly,
Mattingly believes
355
00:18:46,600 --> 00:18:48,867
That not only did
Airborne bacteria
356
00:18:48,867 --> 00:18:51,400
Affect the carbon dating
Of the shroud,
357
00:18:51,400 --> 00:18:54,500
Skin bacteria also created
The mysterious image
358
00:18:54,500 --> 00:18:57,700
Of jesus on the shroud.
359
00:18:57,700 --> 00:19:02,067
Mattingly says that to create
A really strong image on cloth,
360
00:19:02,067 --> 00:19:04,967
You need huge numbers
Of bacteria.
361
00:19:04,967 --> 00:19:07,333
And he says that's exactly
What happened
362
00:19:07,333 --> 00:19:11,233
As a result
Of jesus's crucifixion,
363
00:19:11,233 --> 00:19:14,200
His bloody death provided
The perfect conditions
364
00:19:14,200 --> 00:19:19,100
For bacteria
To multiply on his skin.
365
00:19:19,100 --> 00:19:21,733
Mattingly: we know that they
Added a crown of thorns
366
00:19:21,733 --> 00:19:25,500
Early on, and anybody that's
Ever had a wound in the head
367
00:19:25,500 --> 00:19:28,100
Knows that it bleeds forever.
368
00:19:28,100 --> 00:19:31,067
There are reports of
Over 100 scourge marks
369
00:19:31,067 --> 00:19:35,067
On the body, front and back,
That would also bleed.
370
00:19:35,067 --> 00:19:37,167
So we have an individual
371
00:19:37,167 --> 00:19:41,600
That, essentially,
Is bleeding continuously.
372
00:19:41,600 --> 00:19:43,967
And there are
Consequences to that --
373
00:19:43,967 --> 00:19:45,867
Most importantly,
The fact that jesus's
374
00:19:45,867 --> 00:19:50,167
Own skin bacteria began to grow.
375
00:19:50,167 --> 00:19:52,800
They had all the nutrients
They needed,
376
00:19:52,800 --> 00:19:55,500
And they were doubled
Every 30 minutes.
377
00:19:55,500 --> 00:19:57,467
So when the shroud was removed,
378
00:19:57,467 --> 00:20:02,133
It left the excess bacteria
From his skin on the shroud.
379
00:20:02,133 --> 00:20:05,133
And that's what created
This wonderful image.
380
00:20:05,133 --> 00:20:07,900
*
381
00:20:07,900 --> 00:20:09,700
Narrator: to demonstrate
Scientifically
382
00:20:09,700 --> 00:20:11,933
That jesus's skin bacteria
383
00:20:11,933 --> 00:20:15,333
Could have created
The image on the turin shroud,
384
00:20:15,333 --> 00:20:18,767
Mattingly is going to coat
His hand with some skin bacteria
385
00:20:18,767 --> 00:20:21,100
Grown in his home laboratory
386
00:20:21,100 --> 00:20:24,633
And then imprint his hand
On some cloth.
387
00:20:24,633 --> 00:20:27,967
And I begin coating my fingers.
388
00:20:27,967 --> 00:20:29,933
This is
Staphylococcus epidermidis,
389
00:20:29,933 --> 00:20:34,700
Which I obtained
From my own hand and grew it up.
390
00:20:34,700 --> 00:20:36,700
And we just keep repeating this.
391
00:20:36,700 --> 00:20:38,833
*
392
00:20:38,833 --> 00:20:40,533
Narrator: but skeptics
Find it difficult
393
00:20:40,533 --> 00:20:43,633
To believe bacteria
On jesus's body
394
00:20:43,633 --> 00:20:46,800
Could have created the image
On the turin shroud,
395
00:20:46,800 --> 00:20:51,400
And they point to the bible
For supporting evidence.
396
00:20:51,400 --> 00:20:54,567
The synoptic gospels, those that
See things the same way --
397
00:20:54,567 --> 00:20:55,933
Matthew, mark, and luke --
398
00:20:55,933 --> 00:20:59,300
They do speak about jesus's body
Being wrapped in a shroud.
399
00:20:59,300 --> 00:21:02,133
But john, which many think
Is the most accurate gospel,
400
00:21:02,133 --> 00:21:03,567
Actually doesn't.
401
00:21:03,567 --> 00:21:06,667
It talks about linen strips
And even a separate headpiece.
402
00:21:06,667 --> 00:21:08,933
But perhaps the most fascinating
Thing about the gospels
403
00:21:08,933 --> 00:21:10,800
Is what they don't say.
404
00:21:10,800 --> 00:21:13,433
If there had been an image
On the shroud,
405
00:21:13,433 --> 00:21:16,967
You would expect them
To have recorded that.
406
00:21:16,967 --> 00:21:19,267
Narrator:
According to mattingly, however,
407
00:21:19,267 --> 00:21:22,267
Jesus's image on the shroud
May simply have needed time
408
00:21:22,267 --> 00:21:27,133
To develop after the shroud
Was removed from his body.
409
00:21:27,133 --> 00:21:31,300
As his experiment shows,
An image created by bacteria
410
00:21:31,300 --> 00:21:35,467
Does take a long time
To develop.
411
00:21:35,467 --> 00:21:38,133
Mattingly: you really can't
See much right now.
412
00:21:38,133 --> 00:21:42,933
This will continue
To develop over time.
413
00:21:42,933 --> 00:21:44,700
Narrator: the hoped-for image
On the cloth
414
00:21:44,700 --> 00:21:47,600
Is just barely visible for now.
415
00:21:47,600 --> 00:21:49,633
But the experiment was brief.
416
00:21:49,633 --> 00:21:52,267
And mattingly says
That jesus's body was covered
417
00:21:52,267 --> 00:21:55,833
With billions more bacteria
Than his own hand.
418
00:21:55,833 --> 00:21:59,400
And jesus's image also had
Much longer to form
419
00:21:59,400 --> 00:22:01,967
On his burial shroud.
420
00:22:01,967 --> 00:22:04,300
To demonstrate the principle,
421
00:22:04,300 --> 00:22:07,667
Mattingly shows an image
Of his hand on his computer
422
00:22:07,667 --> 00:22:11,067
That he created with bacteria
Years ago.
423
00:22:11,067 --> 00:22:14,100
This was done
About 20 years ago,
424
00:22:14,100 --> 00:22:17,433
And the color
Has developed over time.
425
00:22:17,433 --> 00:22:21,967
This is the negative,
And it shows even more detail.
426
00:22:21,967 --> 00:22:24,233
*
427
00:22:24,233 --> 00:22:26,833
Narrator: although his theory
Is very controversial,
428
00:22:26,833 --> 00:22:28,967
As a result of his experiments,
429
00:22:28,967 --> 00:22:32,867
Mattingly is convinced that
The image on the turin shroud
430
00:22:32,867 --> 00:22:34,367
Was created by bacteria
431
00:22:34,367 --> 00:22:39,267
Multiplying on jesus's skin
During his bloody death.
432
00:22:39,267 --> 00:22:45,100
As a christian, he finds jesus's
Image on the shroud reassuring.
433
00:22:45,100 --> 00:22:47,200
Mattingly: I have no trouble
Being a christian
434
00:22:47,200 --> 00:22:48,633
And a scientist,
435
00:22:48,633 --> 00:22:51,867
But the truth has to be
Through science.
436
00:22:51,867 --> 00:22:54,367
I think we can be certain
That this is
437
00:22:54,367 --> 00:22:56,900
The burial wrapping of jesus.
438
00:22:56,900 --> 00:23:01,067
We talk about wanting
To see his face in our prayers,
439
00:23:01,067 --> 00:23:02,467
And here it is.
440
00:23:02,467 --> 00:23:04,367
Here is his face.
441
00:23:04,367 --> 00:23:06,833
What does jesus look like?
442
00:23:06,833 --> 00:23:10,633
We know what he looks like.
We know how tall he was.
443
00:23:10,633 --> 00:23:15,367
We know many things about him
Because of the shroud.
444
00:23:15,367 --> 00:23:17,133
Narrator:
Could stephen mattingly's
445
00:23:17,133 --> 00:23:19,600
Remarkable theory be true?
446
00:23:19,600 --> 00:23:22,067
Did bacteria from jesus's body
447
00:23:22,067 --> 00:23:25,567
Really create the image
On the turin shroud?
448
00:23:25,567 --> 00:23:28,700
Some skeptics believe
Jesus's physical representation
449
00:23:28,700 --> 00:23:31,067
On the shroud isn't realistic,
450
00:23:31,067 --> 00:23:35,067
Suggesting that the shroud
May be a medieval fake.
451
00:23:35,067 --> 00:23:38,433
To help solve the mystery,
Some look for clues
452
00:23:38,433 --> 00:23:41,800
In the history
Of roman crucifixions.
453
00:23:44,667 --> 00:23:50,633
*
454
00:23:50,633 --> 00:23:53,333
Narrator: christianity's
Most famous holy relic,
455
00:23:53,333 --> 00:23:55,067
The turin shroud,
456
00:23:55,067 --> 00:23:57,867
Is said to be
Jesus's burial cloth
457
00:23:57,867 --> 00:24:01,800
Bearing the bloody imprints
Of his crucified body.
458
00:24:01,800 --> 00:24:04,933
But is it, in fact,
A medieval forgery?
459
00:24:04,933 --> 00:24:08,967
The history of roman
Crucifixions offers a clue.
460
00:24:08,967 --> 00:24:11,067
Mcmahon:
People who were crucified
461
00:24:11,067 --> 00:24:13,767
Were normally crucified
As seditionaries.
462
00:24:13,767 --> 00:24:16,933
They'd committed treason
Against the roman state.
463
00:24:16,933 --> 00:24:19,700
And so, normally, they were
Left to just hang there,
464
00:24:19,700 --> 00:24:23,333
Being pecked up by the birds
And eaten by animals,
465
00:24:23,333 --> 00:24:25,933
And their body would have
Rotted on the cross.
466
00:24:25,933 --> 00:24:29,600
So the idea of somebody
Being taken down from the cross
467
00:24:29,600 --> 00:24:32,200
And being given a lovely burial
With a shroud --
468
00:24:32,200 --> 00:24:34,567
Highly unlikely.
469
00:24:34,567 --> 00:24:37,800
Narrator: scientific evidence
Also provides important clues
470
00:24:37,800 --> 00:24:41,100
About whether the turin shroud
Is genuine.
471
00:24:41,100 --> 00:24:43,633
Bloodstain-pattern analysis
Has shown
472
00:24:43,633 --> 00:24:46,167
Jesus's wrist wounds
Are realistic
473
00:24:46,167 --> 00:24:49,867
If he was crucified with
His hands high above his head.
474
00:24:49,867 --> 00:24:54,167
But what about other bloodstains
On the shroud?
475
00:24:54,167 --> 00:24:56,633
In particular,
The bible mentions a wound
476
00:24:56,633 --> 00:25:01,767
Caused by a roman soldier
Who stabbed jesus in the chest.
477
00:25:01,767 --> 00:25:04,933
Believers in the authenticity
Of the turin shroud
478
00:25:04,933 --> 00:25:08,533
Say the chest wound
Left this bloodstain
479
00:25:08,533 --> 00:25:11,600
And, also, on the back
Of jesus's body,
480
00:25:11,600 --> 00:25:13,933
This wide belt of blood.
481
00:25:13,933 --> 00:25:15,600
Is this realistic?
482
00:25:15,600 --> 00:25:17,333
To replicate the spear wound,
483
00:25:17,333 --> 00:25:20,067
Forensic anthropologist
Dr. Matteo borrini
484
00:25:20,067 --> 00:25:23,433
Uses a simple method -- a sponge
On the end of a spatula.
485
00:25:23,433 --> 00:25:26,767
Borrini: this is the most
To-reality reproduction
486
00:25:26,767 --> 00:25:28,800
Of what could happen.
487
00:25:28,800 --> 00:25:33,633
And here you see the
Direction of the blood
488
00:25:33,633 --> 00:25:36,667
Following the gravity.
489
00:25:36,667 --> 00:25:38,333
But we have a problem.
490
00:25:38,333 --> 00:25:40,667
Here the blood is going down
491
00:25:40,667 --> 00:25:44,567
And is not going,
In any way, behind.
492
00:25:44,567 --> 00:25:46,200
Narrator: then how could
The belt of blood
493
00:25:46,200 --> 00:25:49,600
On the back of jesus's body
On the turin shroud
494
00:25:49,600 --> 00:25:52,233
Have been caused
By the spear wound?
495
00:25:52,233 --> 00:25:55,267
It's been said by some that
The belt of blood
496
00:25:55,267 --> 00:25:58,533
Could have been created
If jesus continued to bleed
497
00:25:58,533 --> 00:26:01,400
After he was taken down,
Dead, from the cross
498
00:26:01,400 --> 00:26:04,233
And was lying flat in his tomb.
499
00:26:04,233 --> 00:26:07,133
But is this possible?
500
00:26:07,133 --> 00:26:10,733
I want to try to replicate
This second bleeding,
501
00:26:10,733 --> 00:26:13,333
So this, for us,
Is representing the shroud.
502
00:26:13,333 --> 00:26:20,067
And this is the individual
Bleeding through the wound
503
00:26:20,067 --> 00:26:21,600
On the chest.
504
00:26:21,600 --> 00:26:24,167
*
505
00:26:24,167 --> 00:26:26,533
It's expanding.
506
00:26:26,533 --> 00:26:29,467
And now we move the body,
If you can help me.
507
00:26:29,467 --> 00:26:31,467
Very good. Great.
508
00:26:31,467 --> 00:26:33,067
Now look at this.
509
00:26:33,067 --> 00:26:37,233
There is a big pool of blood
Here on the funerary cloth.
510
00:26:37,233 --> 00:26:42,200
And this is what we do not see
In the shroud of turin.
511
00:26:42,200 --> 00:26:45,167
And this is absolutely
Non-realistic.
512
00:26:45,167 --> 00:26:47,833
Narrator: overall,
Blood-pattern analysis
513
00:26:47,833 --> 00:26:50,233
Cannot recreate
The wide belt of blood
514
00:26:50,233 --> 00:26:53,533
On the back of the turin shroud,
Supposedly caused
515
00:26:53,533 --> 00:26:57,067
By the spear wound
To the front of jesus's body.
516
00:26:57,067 --> 00:26:58,900
*
517
00:26:58,900 --> 00:27:01,133
Mcmahon: I think it's fair to
Say that professor borrini's
518
00:27:01,133 --> 00:27:04,667
Test pretty much proves
That the shroud is a fake,
519
00:27:04,667 --> 00:27:07,167
At least on the criteria
That he used,
520
00:27:07,167 --> 00:27:11,767
Mainly because the front
And the back simply don't match
521
00:27:11,767 --> 00:27:15,100
In terms of the wounds
And the direction of blood.
522
00:27:15,100 --> 00:27:18,067
In my personal opinion,
I think that the shroud of turin
523
00:27:18,067 --> 00:27:20,600
Was made in the medieval time
524
00:27:20,600 --> 00:27:23,267
Where the majority of people
Were illiterate
525
00:27:23,267 --> 00:27:26,600
So were not able to read
The bible and the gospels,
526
00:27:26,600 --> 00:27:32,833
So was like a painting
To educate people.
527
00:27:32,833 --> 00:27:35,500
Narrator: if the turin shroud
Was created as a painting
528
00:27:35,500 --> 00:27:38,167
To enlighten
Medieval christians,
529
00:27:38,167 --> 00:27:39,967
This could explain
Another surprising
530
00:27:39,967 --> 00:27:43,267
Feature of the shroud.
531
00:27:43,267 --> 00:27:44,733
While the average
Height of a man
532
00:27:44,733 --> 00:27:50,067
In palestine 2,000 years ago
Was about 5 feet, 5 inches,
533
00:27:50,067 --> 00:27:53,767
Jesus, as he appears
On the shroud, is much taller,
534
00:27:53,767 --> 00:27:58,067
Between 5-feet-10 and 6-feet-1.
535
00:27:58,067 --> 00:28:00,733
When you look at
The shroud image,
536
00:28:00,733 --> 00:28:05,933
Immediately, you're struck by
This very long, thin figure
537
00:28:05,933 --> 00:28:10,733
That's very unnatural
In its elongation.
538
00:28:10,733 --> 00:28:14,300
And having studied
Christian iconography,
539
00:28:14,300 --> 00:28:19,333
I recognized that this was
Just french gothic art,
540
00:28:19,333 --> 00:28:21,667
Was the most obvious
Explanation,
541
00:28:21,667 --> 00:28:23,167
And that fit, you see,
542
00:28:23,167 --> 00:28:29,367
With its origin in france
In the gothic period.
543
00:28:29,367 --> 00:28:32,333
Narrator: it's conceivable that
Jesus's elongated body
544
00:28:32,333 --> 00:28:33,967
On the turin shroud
545
00:28:33,967 --> 00:28:37,667
Just indicates
He was unusually tall.
546
00:28:37,667 --> 00:28:39,267
But the suggestion
That the shroud
547
00:28:39,267 --> 00:28:41,367
Is a gothic medieval painting
548
00:28:41,367 --> 00:28:46,800
Designed to educate the faithful
Is a strong possibility.
549
00:28:46,800 --> 00:28:49,433
If the turin shroud is
Actually a painting,
550
00:28:49,433 --> 00:28:52,967
In theory, it should be
Possible to replicate it,
551
00:28:52,967 --> 00:28:58,133
Recreating on cloth
A very similar image of jesus.
552
00:28:58,133 --> 00:29:00,667
But can a convincing
Full-scale replica
553
00:29:00,667 --> 00:29:03,967
Of the turin shroud
Be created today?
554
00:29:08,333 --> 00:29:13,833
*
555
00:29:13,833 --> 00:29:16,067
Narrator: the famous
Turin shroud is said to be
556
00:29:16,067 --> 00:29:18,667
The burial cloth in which
Jesus was wrapped
557
00:29:18,667 --> 00:29:21,233
After his crucifixion.
558
00:29:21,233 --> 00:29:23,800
Many people,
Including some scientists,
559
00:29:23,800 --> 00:29:28,300
Believe the image on the
Turin shroud is genuinely jesus,
560
00:29:28,300 --> 00:29:32,433
Amazingly showing us
Exactly what he looked like.
561
00:29:32,433 --> 00:29:35,400
But historical
And scientific evidence,
562
00:29:35,400 --> 00:29:37,300
Including analysis
Of the shroud's
563
00:29:37,300 --> 00:29:41,233
Physical representation
Of jesus and his bloodstains,
564
00:29:41,233 --> 00:29:44,800
Leads many people
To think otherwise.
565
00:29:44,800 --> 00:29:47,167
There is no evidence
That this is the actual
566
00:29:47,167 --> 00:29:48,633
Burial shroud of christ.
567
00:29:48,633 --> 00:29:52,067
In fact, it happens that most of
The evidence points towards it
568
00:29:52,067 --> 00:29:54,367
Being a medieval creation.
569
00:29:54,367 --> 00:29:56,067
Selwood: the turin shroud
Is not genuine.
570
00:29:56,067 --> 00:29:59,267
It is a very impressive,
Highly accomplished,
571
00:29:59,267 --> 00:30:02,667
Rather wonderful
Piece of medieval art.
572
00:30:02,667 --> 00:30:06,400
Narrator: if the turin shroud is
Truly a piece of medieval art
573
00:30:06,400 --> 00:30:09,667
Designed to educate
The christian faithful,
574
00:30:09,667 --> 00:30:12,400
Then it should be possible
To create a convincing,
575
00:30:12,400 --> 00:30:14,467
Full-scale replica of it.
576
00:30:14,467 --> 00:30:17,867
*
577
00:30:17,867 --> 00:30:19,767
Luigi garlaschelli,
578
00:30:19,767 --> 00:30:21,667
Former professor
Of organic chemistry
579
00:30:21,667 --> 00:30:24,133
At the university of pavia
In italy,
580
00:30:24,133 --> 00:30:25,833
Has tried to do this.
581
00:30:25,833 --> 00:30:27,667
But before attempting to create
582
00:30:27,667 --> 00:30:29,767
A realistic replica
Of the shroud,
583
00:30:29,767 --> 00:30:34,667
Garlaschelli first ruled out
How it wasn't made.
584
00:30:34,667 --> 00:30:37,967
Garlaschelli: if we think that
It was a medieval artist
585
00:30:37,967 --> 00:30:39,733
Who made the shroud,
586
00:30:39,733 --> 00:30:43,600
Probably, the first attempt
He did was to see
587
00:30:43,600 --> 00:30:49,500
What the print of a real body
Leaves on a linen cloth.
588
00:30:49,500 --> 00:30:52,500
So we tried, actually, this.
589
00:30:52,500 --> 00:30:55,767
We covered a volunteer
With red paint,
590
00:30:55,767 --> 00:30:59,333
And we put a sheet flat on him.
591
00:30:59,333 --> 00:31:01,433
And this is the result.
592
00:31:01,433 --> 00:31:04,933
As you see, it looks very bad.
593
00:31:04,933 --> 00:31:07,200
It's distorted.
594
00:31:07,200 --> 00:31:12,167
Look at the face --
Completely awful.
595
00:31:12,167 --> 00:31:15,633
So this is not
How the shroud was made.
596
00:31:15,633 --> 00:31:20,133
It's not the contact print
Of a real body.
597
00:31:20,133 --> 00:31:24,067
Narrator: instead, garlaschelli
Tried to recreate the shroud
598
00:31:24,067 --> 00:31:27,100
Using a technique
Known as bas relief,
599
00:31:27,100 --> 00:31:29,200
Rubbing the outside of a sheet
600
00:31:29,200 --> 00:31:32,967
To reveal the contours
Of the body wrapped within.
601
00:31:32,967 --> 00:31:35,733
Garlaschelli: we have a
Volunteer under the sheet,
602
00:31:35,733 --> 00:31:40,900
And we have rubbed,
With a dry pigment, the cloth,
603
00:31:40,900 --> 00:31:44,767
So we have followed
The shape of the body.
604
00:31:44,767 --> 00:31:47,800
As you can see,
It's not distorted.
605
00:31:47,800 --> 00:31:52,633
This is more shroud-like.
606
00:31:52,633 --> 00:31:54,733
Narrator:
Unlike the rest of the body,
607
00:31:54,733 --> 00:31:56,933
A real face still
Appears distorted
608
00:31:56,933 --> 00:31:59,267
Using the bas-relief technique.
609
00:31:59,267 --> 00:32:01,633
So the face of jesus
In this image
610
00:32:01,633 --> 00:32:05,300
Was created using a
Contoured, flat, plaster mold.
611
00:32:05,300 --> 00:32:07,700
*
612
00:32:07,700 --> 00:32:09,767
So, this is a very
Simple technique
613
00:32:09,767 --> 00:32:12,067
Available in the middle age.
614
00:32:12,067 --> 00:32:18,867
*
615
00:32:18,867 --> 00:32:25,333
This is the only way you can
Have a face undistorted.
616
00:32:25,333 --> 00:32:27,600
Narrator: garlaschelli
Is using blue pigment
617
00:32:27,600 --> 00:32:31,567
To highlight the fact
That the color doesn't matter.
618
00:32:31,567 --> 00:32:34,767
He says the faint image
Of jesus on the shroud
619
00:32:34,767 --> 00:32:38,633
Is a kind of ghost image
Of reddish acidic impurities
620
00:32:38,633 --> 00:32:41,433
Left behind by
The original colored pigment
621
00:32:41,433 --> 00:32:44,567
That has completely faded away
Over the centuries.
622
00:32:44,567 --> 00:32:46,700
*
623
00:32:46,700 --> 00:32:50,367
Now we will have to
Artificially age this image
624
00:32:50,367 --> 00:32:52,967
Because the shroud
Had centuries to do so,
625
00:32:52,967 --> 00:32:55,533
But we want to do that
In an hour,
626
00:32:55,533 --> 00:33:01,500
So we will put it into an oven
At 160 degrees celsius
627
00:33:01,500 --> 00:33:03,633
To simulate the aging.
628
00:33:03,633 --> 00:33:05,633
*
629
00:33:05,633 --> 00:33:07,433
Narrator:
After an hour in the oven,
630
00:33:07,433 --> 00:33:10,667
The image is washed
To remove the pigment.
631
00:33:10,667 --> 00:33:12,733
Only the pigment's
Acidic impurities
632
00:33:12,733 --> 00:33:16,767
Now remain on the cloth,
Which is then ironed dry.
633
00:33:16,767 --> 00:33:21,667
Now the pigment is gone,
And this is the image
634
00:33:21,667 --> 00:33:26,300
On the surface of the linen --
Nothing behind.
635
00:33:26,300 --> 00:33:27,667
And the final test would be
636
00:33:27,667 --> 00:33:29,900
To take the negative
Of this image
637
00:33:29,900 --> 00:33:33,600
And see if it looks like
That of the shroud.
638
00:33:33,600 --> 00:33:39,267
So just a quick test
With a cellphone.
639
00:33:39,267 --> 00:33:42,133
And...
[ camera shutter clicks ]
640
00:33:42,133 --> 00:33:44,967
All right.
641
00:33:44,967 --> 00:33:48,067
Yeah, this is the negative.
642
00:33:48,067 --> 00:33:51,067
It looks like
The shroud of turin.
643
00:33:51,067 --> 00:33:53,367
*
644
00:33:53,367 --> 00:33:56,500
Narrator: after adding his
Homemade facial replica
645
00:33:56,500 --> 00:34:00,633
To a similarly aged bas relief
Of the volunteer's body,
646
00:34:00,633 --> 00:34:03,800
Garlaschelli then
Painted on bloodstains
647
00:34:03,800 --> 00:34:08,333
In order to create a full-scale
Duplicate of the turin shroud.
648
00:34:08,333 --> 00:34:10,700
Personally, I find
Professor garlaschelli's
649
00:34:10,700 --> 00:34:14,433
Bas-relief analysis
Extremely convincing.
650
00:34:14,433 --> 00:34:17,067
The image that resulted
From this technique
651
00:34:17,067 --> 00:34:21,233
Is one that closely resembles
What we see on the shroud,
652
00:34:21,233 --> 00:34:23,800
So, really, a remarkable job.
653
00:34:23,800 --> 00:34:26,233
*
654
00:34:26,233 --> 00:34:28,067
Narrator:
Others aren't convinced
655
00:34:28,067 --> 00:34:30,567
By garlaschelli's re-creation
656
00:34:30,567 --> 00:34:34,767
And say that it doesn't prove
The turin shroud was painted.
657
00:34:34,767 --> 00:34:38,133
In particular,
Shroud researcher lynn picknett
658
00:34:38,133 --> 00:34:41,100
Remains convinced
That the turin shroud
659
00:34:41,100 --> 00:34:47,333
Is the world's first photograph
Created by leonardo da vinci.
660
00:34:47,333 --> 00:34:51,567
And she claims to have found
Further evidence to prove it.
661
00:34:54,267 --> 00:35:00,700
*
662
00:35:00,700 --> 00:35:03,067
Narrator:
Preserved in turin cathedral
663
00:35:03,067 --> 00:35:06,800
Is one of christianity's
Most famous holy relics --
664
00:35:06,800 --> 00:35:09,067
The turin shroud.
665
00:35:09,067 --> 00:35:11,500
Said to be jesus's burial cloth,
666
00:35:11,500 --> 00:35:15,700
It bears the bloody imprint
Of his crucified body.
667
00:35:15,700 --> 00:35:18,200
Skeptics believe
That it isn't genuine
668
00:35:18,200 --> 00:35:21,467
And it is, in fact,
A piece of medieval art.
669
00:35:21,467 --> 00:35:24,067
A promising attempt
To replicate the shroud
670
00:35:24,067 --> 00:35:26,100
Using a bas-relief technique
671
00:35:26,100 --> 00:35:28,900
Suggests it could be
A medieval painting.
672
00:35:28,900 --> 00:35:32,367
But shroud researcher
Lynn picknett remains convinced
673
00:35:32,367 --> 00:35:36,133
That it is instead
The world's first photograph
674
00:35:36,133 --> 00:35:39,467
Created by the one and only
Leonardo da vinci.
675
00:35:39,467 --> 00:35:41,600
Picknett:
The shroud has often been said
676
00:35:41,600 --> 00:35:43,633
To behave like a photograph.
677
00:35:43,633 --> 00:35:45,400
When seen in
Photographic negative,
678
00:35:45,400 --> 00:35:48,100
It almost leaps into life,
Into focus.
679
00:35:48,100 --> 00:35:50,467
It's quite astonishing.
680
00:35:50,467 --> 00:35:52,467
Narrator: lynn's theory that
The turin shroud
681
00:35:52,467 --> 00:35:56,267
Is the world's first photograph
Is very contentious.
682
00:35:56,267 --> 00:35:58,067
But she has carried out
Experiments
683
00:35:58,067 --> 00:36:01,133
That indicate it is possible.
684
00:36:01,133 --> 00:36:04,067
By projecting an illuminated
Cast of a girl's head
685
00:36:04,067 --> 00:36:07,100
Onto a cloth
In a camera obscura,
686
00:36:07,100 --> 00:36:11,633
Just like the one she believes
Was used by leonardo da vinci,
687
00:36:11,633 --> 00:36:15,067
She was able to create
A recognizably shroud-like image
688
00:36:15,067 --> 00:36:18,233
Of the girl's face.
689
00:36:18,233 --> 00:36:20,167
As for the face
That leonardo used
690
00:36:20,167 --> 00:36:22,500
When he created
The turin shroud,
691
00:36:22,500 --> 00:36:24,933
Lynn believes,
Very controversially,
692
00:36:24,933 --> 00:36:30,233
That leonardo used his own face
To represent jesus.
693
00:36:30,233 --> 00:36:32,767
Leonardo would have thought,
694
00:36:32,767 --> 00:36:36,700
"Yeah, well, you're not gonna
Get jesus, obviously.
695
00:36:36,700 --> 00:36:39,333
You're going to get my face."
696
00:36:39,333 --> 00:36:42,333
Leonardo was a heretic.
697
00:36:42,333 --> 00:36:46,367
He had very passionate beliefs,
And they weren't christian.
698
00:36:46,367 --> 00:36:48,600
In fact, there's
Every reason to believe
699
00:36:48,600 --> 00:36:51,967
That he hated christianity,
And therefore,
700
00:36:51,967 --> 00:36:56,367
Faking the turin shroud
Was an act of rebellion.
701
00:36:56,367 --> 00:36:58,267
It just would have
Appealed to him.
702
00:36:58,267 --> 00:37:01,200
*
703
00:37:01,200 --> 00:37:04,533
Narrator: lynn's entire theory
About leonardo da vinci,
704
00:37:04,533 --> 00:37:07,300
However, is considered
Very far-fetched
705
00:37:07,300 --> 00:37:10,100
By most observers.
706
00:37:10,100 --> 00:37:15,667
The claim that leonardo da vinci
Made the shroud of turin --
707
00:37:15,667 --> 00:37:18,333
It's just not credible.
708
00:37:18,333 --> 00:37:20,200
I love this theory
That leonardo da vinci
709
00:37:20,200 --> 00:37:22,067
Somehow created
The turin shroud.
710
00:37:22,067 --> 00:37:25,100
He was an amazing visionary man,
But even he couldn't have
711
00:37:25,100 --> 00:37:28,067
Created something
Before he was born.
712
00:37:28,067 --> 00:37:32,933
Narrator: the problem is that
Leonardo wasn't born until 1452,
713
00:37:32,933 --> 00:37:35,933
Whereas the first generally
Accepted historical account
714
00:37:35,933 --> 00:37:41,267
Of the shroud places it
In france 100 years earlier.
715
00:37:41,267 --> 00:37:43,667
However, lynn claims
That the turin shroud
716
00:37:43,667 --> 00:37:49,067
Isn't the same shroud as the one
Displayed in the 1350s.
717
00:37:49,067 --> 00:37:52,500
She says it's significant
That this earlier shroud
718
00:37:52,500 --> 00:37:57,067
Was soon denounced by the local
Bishop as an artistic forgery.
719
00:37:57,067 --> 00:38:00,533
Picknett: unfortunately, it was
A blatant painting,
720
00:38:00,533 --> 00:38:02,733
So, clearly, what happened was
721
00:38:02,733 --> 00:38:06,567
The church liked the idea
Of having a shroud,
722
00:38:06,567 --> 00:38:12,067
The ultimate christian relic,
Jesus's own image and blood.
723
00:38:12,067 --> 00:38:14,167
But they didn't want that one.
724
00:38:14,167 --> 00:38:15,967
Narrator: according to lynn,
725
00:38:15,967 --> 00:38:18,067
The original,
Unconvincing shroud
726
00:38:18,067 --> 00:38:20,767
Was secretly switched
By the catholic church
727
00:38:20,767 --> 00:38:23,067
In the late 15th century
728
00:38:23,067 --> 00:38:27,333
When it was taken
From france to italy.
729
00:38:27,333 --> 00:38:30,633
Leonardo's new,
Much more realistic shroud
730
00:38:30,633 --> 00:38:33,167
Was then displayed
In its place
731
00:38:33,167 --> 00:38:36,167
In order to attract
As many pilgrims as possible.
732
00:38:36,167 --> 00:38:39,233
*
733
00:38:39,233 --> 00:38:41,667
Despite critics who say
This is a fanciful
734
00:38:41,667 --> 00:38:44,067
And highly unlikely story,
735
00:38:44,067 --> 00:38:46,233
Lynn claims to have found
Further evidence
736
00:38:46,233 --> 00:38:52,533
That leonardo da vinci really
Did create the turin shroud.
737
00:38:52,533 --> 00:38:55,800
She's found clues
In the salvator mundi,
738
00:38:55,800 --> 00:38:57,433
The famous picture of jesus
739
00:38:57,433 --> 00:39:01,600
Said to have been painted
By leonardo.
740
00:39:01,600 --> 00:39:05,500
If you split the salvator mundi
Down the middle
741
00:39:05,500 --> 00:39:08,500
And you have that on one side
And on the other side,
742
00:39:08,500 --> 00:39:11,900
You have a picture
Of the shroud of turin,
743
00:39:11,900 --> 00:39:13,867
What you get is astonishing.
744
00:39:13,867 --> 00:39:19,133
Every single tiny feature
Lines up exactly.
745
00:39:19,133 --> 00:39:22,367
The salvator mundi,
Strange though it may seem,
746
00:39:22,367 --> 00:39:24,833
Is actually also leonardo.
747
00:39:24,833 --> 00:39:26,567
But there's more.
748
00:39:26,567 --> 00:39:31,900
Salvator mundi is holding
A globe -- a crystal globe.
749
00:39:31,900 --> 00:39:33,400
And people have said,
"Well, of course,
750
00:39:33,400 --> 00:39:35,067
The name means
Savior of the world,
751
00:39:35,067 --> 00:39:38,067
So that's it --
He's got the world in his hand."
752
00:39:38,067 --> 00:39:41,633
But it's actually a crystal.
753
00:39:41,633 --> 00:39:45,867
And what did leonardo use to
Create the image of the shroud?
754
00:39:45,867 --> 00:39:51,067
A camera obscura in which he put
A lens made of crystal.
755
00:39:51,067 --> 00:39:54,200
This is his nearest thing
To a confession
756
00:39:54,200 --> 00:39:56,267
He created the turin shroud.
757
00:39:56,267 --> 00:40:01,733
*
758
00:40:01,733 --> 00:40:05,267
Narrator: whatever the truth is
About this amazing theory,
759
00:40:05,267 --> 00:40:06,967
The debate about
The turin shroud
760
00:40:06,967 --> 00:40:10,200
Will surely continue for years.
761
00:40:10,200 --> 00:40:13,000
Is it the world's
First photograph?
762
00:40:13,000 --> 00:40:15,367
Is it a medieval painting?
763
00:40:15,367 --> 00:40:18,467
Or is it the genuine
Burial cloth of jesus,
764
00:40:18,467 --> 00:40:21,167
Imprinted, perhaps, by bacteria
765
00:40:21,167 --> 00:40:25,167
With the image
Of his crucified body?
766
00:40:25,167 --> 00:40:26,967
Although carbon dating
Has provided
767
00:40:26,967 --> 00:40:29,267
Compelling scientific evidence
768
00:40:29,267 --> 00:40:33,133
Suggesting that the turin shroud
Is not genuine,
769
00:40:33,133 --> 00:40:38,367
Believers continue to dispute
The study's accuracy.
770
00:40:38,367 --> 00:40:42,033
I just think this tells us that
Believers will always find fault
771
00:40:42,033 --> 00:40:45,367
With any amount of evidence
That they're presented with.
772
00:40:45,367 --> 00:40:47,867
Garlaschelli:
I think that for some people,
773
00:40:47,867 --> 00:40:50,800
The idea that the shroud
Is the real thing
774
00:40:50,800 --> 00:40:54,033
That wrapped jesus christ's body
775
00:40:54,033 --> 00:41:00,067
Is too beautiful
To be impossible.
776
00:41:00,067 --> 00:41:02,067
Mcmahon: you could say
That the turin shroud shows
777
00:41:02,067 --> 00:41:05,067
That we're a world divided
Between believers
778
00:41:05,067 --> 00:41:08,067
And nonbelievers,
Between those who want proof --
779
00:41:08,067 --> 00:41:10,300
Scientific, rational proof,
If you want,
780
00:41:10,300 --> 00:41:13,667
And those who believe
That faith is important.
781
00:41:13,667 --> 00:41:18,767
For them, believing that it is
The image of jesus is enough.
782
00:41:18,767 --> 00:41:22,100
That sense of wonder
Is enough for them.
783
00:41:22,100 --> 00:41:24,833
Selwood: in a way, the shroud
Brings out wonderfully
784
00:41:24,833 --> 00:41:26,767
That conflict that we all have
785
00:41:26,767 --> 00:41:30,233
Between the rational
And the romantic.
786
00:41:30,233 --> 00:41:32,667
It's wonderful to believe
That the shroud might be real.
787
00:41:32,667 --> 00:41:35,567
It's a little tedious to have
Science tell one it isn't,
788
00:41:35,567 --> 00:41:37,767
But we all have within us
That need for both.
789
00:41:37,767 --> 00:41:40,433
That spark of the imagination
Is always there,
790
00:41:40,433 --> 00:41:42,200
And for so long as humans
Have that,
791
00:41:42,200 --> 00:41:45,233
The shroud will have
Its supporters.
792
00:41:45,233 --> 00:41:48,067
Narrator: and so, regardless
Of the scientific evidence
793
00:41:48,067 --> 00:41:49,533
Indicating whether it is
794
00:41:49,533 --> 00:41:53,300
Or isn't the genuine
Burial cloth of jesus,
795
00:41:53,300 --> 00:41:54,867
For millions of people,
796
00:41:54,867 --> 00:41:56,833
The turin shroud
Will undoubtedly
797
00:41:56,833 --> 00:41:59,067
Long remain one of the world's
798
00:41:59,067 --> 00:42:02,967
Most revered and iconic
Religious treasures.
64208
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