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1
00:00:00,080 --> 00:00:05,000
[slow music and ocean sounds]
2
00:00:08,480 --> 00:00:10,160
May, 1939
3
00:00:11,840 --> 00:00:13,160
My dear friends,
4
00:00:14,760 --> 00:00:17,360
We see the children only
at mealtimes.
5
00:00:18,400 --> 00:00:21,520
They are happy and animated,
and we with them,
6
00:00:21,640 --> 00:00:24,280
especially since we could not find
any rest in Berlin ...
7
00:00:24,400 --> 00:00:26,880
due to so much running around in
recent times.
8
00:00:28,640 --> 00:00:31,280
We will be able to represent two
good companies in Shanghai ...
9
00:00:31,760 --> 00:00:34,880
and hope to make a living in
the international quarter.
10
00:00:36,920 --> 00:00:39,960
At every port representatives from
the Jewish relief committees ...
11
00:00:40,120 --> 00:00:44,240
come on board and bring old things
and cigarettes for frugal travelers.
12
00:00:46,520 --> 00:00:47,160
Colombo,
13
00:00:48,120 --> 00:00:49,680
the capital of Ceylon,
14
00:00:50,680 --> 00:00:52,480
home of the famous tea.
15
00:00:53,720 --> 00:00:56,120
The children exchanged stickers
from the Lloyd Triestino ...
16
00:00:56,280 --> 00:00:58,360
for pineapples and coconuts.
17
00:00:58,600 --> 00:01:02,920
In German money one pineapple
costs only fifteen to twenty cents.
18
00:01:03,680 --> 00:01:06,400
A blessed land,
this island of Ceylon.
19
00:01:07,840 --> 00:01:09,440
Yours, Annie Witting
20
00:01:09,720 --> 00:01:14,720
[slow music and ocean]
21
00:01:21,040 --> 00:01:23,560
Gradually the trip comes to an end.
22
00:01:24,000 --> 00:01:26,480
The day before yesterday
we were in Singapore.
23
00:01:26,800 --> 00:01:28,680
Tomorrow we will arrive in Manila,
24
00:01:29,040 --> 00:01:32,080
then Hong Kong, and Shanghai.
25
00:01:33,080 --> 00:01:35,080
From the experiences
of this journey ...
26
00:01:35,200 --> 00:01:37,000
endless stories could be told.
27
00:01:37,360 --> 00:01:40,560
At the moment
due to high waves ...
28
00:01:40,680 --> 00:01:43,480
my morning exercises
are most interesting.
29
00:01:44,200 --> 00:01:46,800
All the best.
Greetings to all.
30
00:01:47,080 --> 00:01:48,280
Storfer
31
00:01:48,800 --> 00:01:53,800
[slow music]
32
00:02:36,360 --> 00:02:42,360
[ominous music]
33
00:02:48,760 --> 00:02:52,720
Judaism is Criminal. Read the
special issue of the "Stürmer".
34
00:02:53,360 --> 00:02:58,480
[ominous music]
35
00:02:59,080 --> 00:03:01,960
To Dachau ...
36
00:03:02,520 --> 00:03:05,480
[ominous music]
37
00:03:06,240 --> 00:03:08,560
Jew.
38
00:03:09,600 --> 00:03:14,600
[ominous music and footsteps]
39
00:03:30,200 --> 00:03:33,320
1939 was a time, when ...
40
00:03:34,000 --> 00:03:37,400
a lot of Jews were picked up
in the streets,
41
00:03:37,960 --> 00:03:42,800
and taken from homes
and sent to concentration camps.
42
00:03:43,040 --> 00:03:45,720
My father had ...
43
00:03:45,880 --> 00:03:48,800
very good friends
in higher places,
44
00:03:49,160 --> 00:03:52,200
which one day tippet him off
that his name ...
45
00:03:52,400 --> 00:03:53,880
was on the list,
46
00:03:54,040 --> 00:03:57,520
to be picked up for transportation,
to a concentration camp.
47
00:03:57,720 --> 00:04:02,080
And sure enough that evening
the Nazis came to the door,
48
00:04:02,240 --> 00:04:05,800
and searched for my father
which was gone, of course.
49
00:04:05,920 --> 00:04:09,960
At that point they left with
a remark that we will be back ...
50
00:04:10,320 --> 00:04:11,880
to pick up the Jew.
51
00:04:12,120 --> 00:04:14,560
Then, later on that day ...
52
00:04:14,720 --> 00:04:16,960
my father got in touch
with my mother ...
53
00:04:17,560 --> 00:04:21,400
and told her to pack a suitcase
that we were leaving.
54
00:04:22,600 --> 00:04:25,160
My sister and I
where really too young,
55
00:04:25,320 --> 00:04:26,880
to understand what was going on.
56
00:04:26,960 --> 00:04:29,480
My sister was 13,
I was 11.
57
00:04:29,960 --> 00:04:33,600
Nevertheless,
we realized that we were leaving ...
58
00:04:33,840 --> 00:04:36,960
what, I, at the time thought
was a vacation.
59
00:04:41,000 --> 00:04:44,720
We thought Hitler would take the Jews,
the young Jews like me, I was 18,
60
00:04:44,880 --> 00:04:47,720
would take us first,
and throw us in the front line ...
61
00:04:47,880 --> 00:04:49,320
and be cannon fodder.
62
00:04:49,480 --> 00:04:52,640
And I said: "I got to get out of here."
And then my mother saw it.
63
00:04:52,760 --> 00:04:55,520
She wanted to see and stay in Germany ...
64
00:04:56,080 --> 00:04:58,960
to witness the downfall of this mad man.
65
00:04:59,400 --> 00:05:02,440
And I said:
"No, it's too much, I don't want to."
66
00:05:02,960 --> 00:05:06,160
And she realized that it was
important that I should go.
67
00:05:06,760 --> 00:05:08,800
She made contact with friends ...
68
00:05:08,920 --> 00:05:12,840
and they said
I should go over the "green border".
69
00:05:13,000 --> 00:05:15,920
In other words, somebody would take
me over to Holland or France.
70
00:05:16,080 --> 00:05:19,000
And somehow I said,
I don't want to stay here in Europe.
71
00:05:19,360 --> 00:05:21,840
This is not far enough.
If war breaks out,
72
00:05:22,000 --> 00:05:23,600
he'll roll over,
73
00:05:24,480 --> 00:05:25,840
these countries.
74
00:05:26,280 --> 00:05:29,400
And so, where can you go?
We had no money.
75
00:05:32,560 --> 00:05:34,680
We had relatives in the United States.
76
00:05:34,840 --> 00:05:37,160
They were
willing to provide us with a affidavit ...
77
00:05:37,320 --> 00:05:41,160
which they filed with the State Department,
that we would not become a public burden.
78
00:05:41,840 --> 00:05:43,120
That was not good enough.
79
00:05:43,280 --> 00:05:44,640
There was a quota.
80
00:05:45,840 --> 00:05:49,240
And my quota number was 67.000.
81
00:05:50,960 --> 00:05:53,560
And we were told
it might take about a year and a half ...
82
00:05:53,720 --> 00:05:55,520
before our quota comes up.
83
00:05:56,400 --> 00:05:57,640
I wouldn't wait that long.
84
00:05:57,760 --> 00:06:00,040
I wanted to get out in
the worst way. I threat,
85
00:06:00,160 --> 00:06:02,480
if we don't find a place
I go over the border.
86
00:06:02,640 --> 00:06:05,040
So we looked for an alternate solution.
87
00:06:05,600 --> 00:06:08,360
Everbody ask me,
why was it so difficult to leave Germany?
88
00:06:08,520 --> 00:06:09,800
It was not.
89
00:06:09,960 --> 00:06:12,240
It was the free world
that would not give us a place.
90
00:06:13,520 --> 00:06:15,960
The SS Troopers came into the house.
91
00:06:16,240 --> 00:06:19,880
Our apartment was on the 5th floor
and the elevator was out of order.
92
00:06:20,800 --> 00:06:24,880
They asked the custodian, is there
any Jews above the 3rd floor,
93
00:06:25,040 --> 00:06:27,240
because they were too lazy to walk up.
94
00:06:27,720 --> 00:06:31,480
And since he had been tipped
well throughout our stay there,
95
00:06:31,640 --> 00:06:34,600
he said: "No".
And my father slept through it all.
96
00:06:35,080 --> 00:06:38,760
But after that he
decided he did not wish to wait,
97
00:06:38,920 --> 00:06:42,320
for our quota to be called
for the United States,
98
00:06:42,760 --> 00:06:44,840
but rather go to Shanghai.
99
00:06:45,200 --> 00:06:48,240
But since I hadn't quite
finished school,
100
00:06:48,400 --> 00:06:52,600
I was to stay in Berlin
with my mother ...
101
00:06:52,840 --> 00:06:56,240
and we were to meet him
again in the United States.
102
00:06:57,400 --> 00:07:01,800
Somebody came up
in the summer of 1938 ...
103
00:07:01,960 --> 00:07:04,280
with the idea there is one place on earth ...
104
00:07:04,520 --> 00:07:07,720
where you can go without any paper,
no permit,
105
00:07:07,960 --> 00:07:11,520
no affidavit,
no special entry-permit not visa.
106
00:07:11,680 --> 00:07:13,680
You just got there,
that's Shanghai.
107
00:07:14,200 --> 00:07:19,640
[slow music]
108
00:07:20,000 --> 00:07:22,400
It would take about 4 weeks to get there,
109
00:07:22,600 --> 00:07:24,280
but the boats are all full.
110
00:07:25,360 --> 00:07:27,560
There is a waiting list,
6 to 12 months.
111
00:07:27,720 --> 00:07:29,360
The travel agent said
to my mother:
112
00:07:29,520 --> 00:07:32,160
"I know you have some
impressionistic paintings.
113
00:07:32,480 --> 00:07:36,440
The agent of the German steamship
agency is a collector,"
114
00:07:37,280 --> 00:07:39,000
He got a couple of our paintings ...
115
00:07:39,360 --> 00:07:42,560
and a few weeks later
came a call from the travel agent.
116
00:07:43,040 --> 00:07:45,800
A Jewish couple
on board the "Potsdam",
117
00:07:46,320 --> 00:07:50,280
committed suicide on board the boat
as it left the harbor of Hamburg ...
118
00:07:50,600 --> 00:07:53,280
and a cabin for two
would be available.
119
00:07:53,760 --> 00:07:56,160
So it was decided that my mother
and I go ahead.
120
00:07:57,040 --> 00:08:00,160
We were only
allowed to take with us ...
121
00:08:00,960 --> 00:08:03,360
2 suitcases each and 10 Marks,
122
00:08:03,560 --> 00:08:06,000
the equivalent of 8 American dollars.
123
00:08:06,280 --> 00:08:07,400
One of the worst moments was,
124
00:08:07,560 --> 00:08:08,880
when I said good-bye ...
125
00:08:10,200 --> 00:08:13,040
to my father
and to my sister.
126
00:08:14,320 --> 00:08:16,080
I knew in my heart ...
127
00:08:16,480 --> 00:08:17,920
I would never see them again.
128
00:08:19,360 --> 00:08:24,360
[Chinese pipa music and river sounds]
129
00:08:26,400 --> 00:08:29,280
We entered from the mouth
of the Yangtze ...
130
00:08:29,440 --> 00:08:31,520
we got into the Whangpoo river,
131
00:08:31,960 --> 00:08:36,600
the muddy Whangpoo and as
we finally came closer to Shanghai,
132
00:08:37,240 --> 00:08:39,360
we were very getting nervous
because on the right side we ...
133
00:08:39,520 --> 00:08:41,360
saw nothing but ruins.
134
00:08:42,480 --> 00:08:45,520
The whole coastal area
were in ruins.
135
00:08:46,120 --> 00:08:48,600
We found out later on,
since 1937,
136
00:08:48,960 --> 00:08:51,760
when the Japanese invaded China ...
137
00:08:51,920 --> 00:08:56,440
there was severe fighting between
the Japanese and the Chinese forces.
138
00:08:57,360 --> 00:08:59,600
The Japanese controlled
the harbor.
139
00:09:00,040 --> 00:09:02,480
And later on we were puzzled,
140
00:09:02,720 --> 00:09:06,240
that it was the Japanese
that actually permitted us entry.
141
00:09:08,000 --> 00:09:14,720
Declaration from the Japanese
Five Ministers Conference, Dec. 6, 1938.
142
00:09:14,880 --> 00:09:18,280
Our diplomatic ties with Germany
and Italy require ...
143
00:09:18,440 --> 00:09:21,480
that we avoid embracing
the Jewish people.
144
00:09:21,600 --> 00:09:24,920
But we should not reject them
as they do ...
145
00:09:25,040 --> 00:09:29,240
because of our declared policy
of racial equality.
146
00:09:29,360 --> 00:09:32,480
This is particularly true
in light of our need ...
147
00:09:32,600 --> 00:09:34,400
for foreign capital ...
148
00:09:34,520 --> 00:09:38,040
and our desire
not to alienate America.
149
00:09:40,480 --> 00:09:45,480
[steamship horn, Chinese inflected orchestra]
150
00:09:46,920 --> 00:09:51,600
Notice from the National Christian
Council of China, February, 1939.
151
00:09:52,480 --> 00:09:56,280
The persecuted Jews of Europe
are pouring into Shanghai.
152
00:09:56,640 --> 00:09:59,800
Forty arrived on the
Lloyd-Triestino steamer in July;
153
00:09:59,920 --> 00:10:03,200
another 40 in August;
then 80 in September;
154
00:10:03,360 --> 00:10:06,160
and now each steamer brings
them by the hundreds.
155
00:10:06,920 --> 00:10:09,480
At first, it was
the professional men who came,
156
00:10:09,640 --> 00:10:13,800
doctors mostly, who, by a stroke
of the pen were forbidden ...
157
00:10:13,920 --> 00:10:15,840
to practice their professions.
158
00:10:15,960 --> 00:10:18,600
Now it is
the white-collar workers:
159
00:10:18,720 --> 00:10:22,000
grocers, cafe keepers,
tailors, barbers,
160
00:10:22,120 --> 00:10:25,120
and young women who were
secretaries, or corset-makers,
161
00:10:25,240 --> 00:10:26,680
or shop-workers.
162
00:10:27,160 --> 00:10:29,480
Most of them speak neither
Chinese nor English.
163
00:10:30,400 --> 00:10:33,480
They land in Shanghai
- a blind alley.
164
00:10:33,640 --> 00:10:36,400
[Chinese inflected orchestra]
165
00:10:36,720 --> 00:10:39,120
We were met at the docks by ...
166
00:10:39,240 --> 00:10:42,000
a contingent of refugees,
167
00:10:42,120 --> 00:10:45,000
that arrived prior to our getting there.
168
00:10:45,440 --> 00:10:47,040
They had trucks ready.
169
00:10:47,200 --> 00:10:49,920
And we were taken
on the trucks ...
170
00:10:50,200 --> 00:10:54,280
to one of the few camps
that was established at that time.
171
00:10:55,120 --> 00:10:58,240
When we got there,
we were fed noodle soup.
172
00:10:58,400 --> 00:11:00,520
And I'll never forget,
that was very ...
173
00:11:00,800 --> 00:11:04,200
uncommon for me to not
have a complete meal.
174
00:11:04,840 --> 00:11:07,960
But nevertheless,
it satisfied us at the time.
175
00:11:08,400 --> 00:11:10,920
We had no funds
left of any kind ...
176
00:11:11,080 --> 00:11:15,080
to rent private apartments
or quarters of any kind.
177
00:11:17,000 --> 00:11:22,000
[melancholic piano]
178
00:11:25,240 --> 00:11:28,200
May 21, 1939
179
00:11:28,320 --> 00:11:31,880
Two years ago war broke out
between the Japanese and Chinese ...
180
00:11:32,240 --> 00:11:35,320
in which the quarter of Hongkew
was completely destroyed.
181
00:11:35,920 --> 00:11:37,960
The local residents,
mostly Chinese,
182
00:11:38,480 --> 00:11:40,880
escaped into the other
parts of the Settlement ...
183
00:11:41,120 --> 00:11:43,640
and into the French Concession.
184
00:11:43,920 --> 00:11:47,640
[melancholic piano]
185
00:11:47,840 --> 00:11:50,760
As emigration of the Jews
grew more and more,
186
00:11:50,880 --> 00:11:53,680
and there were few possibilities
for accommodating the refugees,
187
00:11:54,000 --> 00:11:56,760
the committee began to repair
buildings in Honkgew ...
188
00:11:56,960 --> 00:11:58,520
in order to establish camps.
189
00:12:00,000 --> 00:12:05,160
Then some refugees began to buy and
repair demolished houses themselves.
190
00:12:05,280 --> 00:12:08,280
Even though these Jews
are mostly without means,
191
00:12:08,560 --> 00:12:10,880
an active life has begun.
192
00:12:12,120 --> 00:12:14,000
In Japanese occupied Hongkew ...
193
00:12:14,080 --> 00:12:16,480
the Europeans can freely
come and go,
194
00:12:16,640 --> 00:12:21,240
but the Chinese only with specially
issued passes from the Japanese.
195
00:12:22,320 --> 00:12:24,040
Otto Israel Gruber
196
00:12:25,440 --> 00:12:29,400
[street sounds]
197
00:12:29,600 --> 00:12:34,600
[mournful Chinese song]
198
00:12:39,200 --> 00:12:40,320
My dear,
199
00:12:40,760 --> 00:12:43,680
Since February 22
I have been in Shanghai,
200
00:12:44,080 --> 00:12:45,560
and feel wretched.
201
00:12:45,880 --> 00:12:48,320
The deplorable economic
circumstances,
202
00:12:49,240 --> 00:12:52,320
and consequently
the hopelessness of getting a job,
203
00:12:52,560 --> 00:12:52,600
the difficulties to get away
from here some day,
204
00:12:52,600 --> 00:12:55,400
the difficulties to get away
from here some day,
205
00:12:55,800 --> 00:12:58,280
and the dread of spreading diseases,
206
00:12:58,400 --> 00:13:02,000
these each in turn
add to inexpressible despair ...
207
00:13:02,160 --> 00:13:06,640
and drive us, who had to go through
inhuman hardships already,
208
00:13:07,280 --> 00:13:09,120
to a complete breakdown.
209
00:13:10,440 --> 00:13:13,960
The building where we are housed
was a school formerly.
210
00:13:14,120 --> 00:13:18,000
There are 40 people
in one room with 40 bunks.
211
00:13:18,240 --> 00:13:20,800
One washing basin
for about 8-10 people.
212
00:13:21,680 --> 00:13:23,320
Food is monotonous.
213
00:13:23,680 --> 00:13:26,200
There is also tea that is
smelling of carbolic acid ...
214
00:13:26,320 --> 00:13:29,160
as the water has to be
disinfected every other day.
215
00:13:29,960 --> 00:13:31,520
I hope you are well ...
216
00:13:31,640 --> 00:13:33,720
which is somewhat
a consolation to me.
217
00:13:34,520 --> 00:13:36,600
I kiss you with all my love.
218
00:13:36,760 --> 00:13:38,080
Tobias Farb
219
00:13:38,360 --> 00:13:41,880
[mournful Chinese song]
220
00:13:42,120 --> 00:13:43,560
You got up in the morning.
221
00:13:43,720 --> 00:13:47,240
You went out
to a common facility ...
222
00:13:47,400 --> 00:13:49,200
to wash yourself.
223
00:13:49,640 --> 00:13:51,280
It was cold water.
224
00:13:51,440 --> 00:13:53,000
There was no hot water.
225
00:13:53,120 --> 00:13:54,600
You stood in line ...
226
00:13:54,800 --> 00:13:57,520
sometimes with many other people ...
227
00:13:57,760 --> 00:14:00,600
with a rag in your hand
which was your towel.
228
00:14:01,120 --> 00:14:03,360
If you were fortunate
to have a bar of soap,
229
00:14:03,520 --> 00:14:04,840
you could use that.
230
00:14:05,000 --> 00:14:06,800
If you didn't, you didn't.
231
00:14:07,120 --> 00:14:08,840
You just used water.
232
00:14:09,560 --> 00:14:11,840
The next thing you would have breakfast.
233
00:14:12,120 --> 00:14:17,400
Breakfast consisted of a piece
of bread that was given you and tea.
234
00:14:17,560 --> 00:14:20,840
The tea was hot water,
which we had to buy.
235
00:14:21,280 --> 00:14:24,280
Three dips of water
would be like a penny,
236
00:14:24,440 --> 00:14:27,240
and then be very careful
to strain the tea ...
237
00:14:27,400 --> 00:14:29,680
so that you would have the leaves
for tomorrow ...
238
00:14:30,040 --> 00:14:32,760
and tomorrow,
and the next day, and the next day.
239
00:14:32,960 --> 00:14:34,240
That was breakfast.
240
00:14:35,960 --> 00:14:38,680
There were committees that
had been hastily established ...
241
00:14:38,840 --> 00:14:42,120
by Jewish communities that had
come to Shanghai previously.
242
00:14:42,760 --> 00:14:44,840
There was a Jewish community got there ...
243
00:14:45,080 --> 00:14:48,080
after the Bolshevik
Revolution around 1917.
244
00:14:48,760 --> 00:14:51,800
There were some 4500 of them there.
245
00:14:52,600 --> 00:14:56,120
Plus some 450 Baghdadi Jews ...
246
00:14:56,400 --> 00:14:59,520
that had arrived during
the Opium war years.
247
00:14:59,680 --> 00:15:02,760
They had prepared
some temporary shelter.
248
00:15:03,400 --> 00:15:06,240
My mother and I
stayed there for about two weeks,
249
00:15:06,440 --> 00:15:09,960
until we were able to find
a furnished room ...
250
00:15:10,760 --> 00:15:13,360
after my mother
was able to get a job ...
251
00:15:13,520 --> 00:15:17,520
with the committee
that dealt with the newcomers.
252
00:15:18,800 --> 00:15:23,800
[market, street sounds,
Chinese pipa music]
253
00:16:04,120 --> 00:16:05,600
My dear friends,
254
00:16:06,440 --> 00:16:09,600
Shanghai has
4 1/2 million inhabitants,
255
00:16:10,240 --> 00:16:13,040
of which only
50,000 are Europeans.
256
00:16:15,160 --> 00:16:18,280
It is always wet,
whether it is warm or cold.
257
00:16:19,000 --> 00:16:22,000
When it rains here one needs,
by all means, high rubber boots ...
258
00:16:22,120 --> 00:16:25,240
because without them you cannot
even walk on the street.
259
00:16:26,440 --> 00:16:29,120
Furthermore, the danger
of epidemics is very great.
260
00:16:29,840 --> 00:16:32,720
And despite the fact that we were
inoculated on the ship ...
261
00:16:32,880 --> 00:16:36,480
against cholera,
pox, typhus and paratyphus,
262
00:16:36,640 --> 00:16:40,200
one must be inoculated here again,
and every quarter year.
263
00:16:42,120 --> 00:16:44,640
We are in any case happy
to be free people again ...
264
00:16:44,760 --> 00:16:47,800
and to have the chance
to make a new life.
265
00:16:48,080 --> 00:16:50,480
Yours, Annie Witting
266
00:16:52,280 --> 00:16:55,200
German and Austrian Jews
who had no other place to go,
267
00:16:55,320 --> 00:16:56,800
went to Shanghai.
268
00:16:56,920 --> 00:16:59,920
Not because they were intrigued
by China, or by Shanghai.
269
00:17:00,080 --> 00:17:03,080
They didn't know much about it.
But that was the only place,
270
00:17:03,200 --> 00:17:07,280
due to the fact that Shanghai
became an International Settlement ...
271
00:17:07,400 --> 00:17:09,000
and it was a free port.
272
00:17:09,280 --> 00:17:14,920
The British, when they had
the famous Opium Wars in 1845,
273
00:17:15,400 --> 00:17:19,880
insisted on a treaty to get
a free harbor in certain spots.
274
00:17:20,320 --> 00:17:22,600
And that counted for the fact that ...
275
00:17:22,760 --> 00:17:26,200
since they didn't impose
any restrictions of arrivals,
276
00:17:26,480 --> 00:17:28,880
you got there
and that was it.
277
00:17:29,080 --> 00:17:30,760
That saved out neck.
278
00:17:30,960 --> 00:17:35,120
[traditional Chinese violin music
and street noise]
279
00:17:35,320 --> 00:17:39,720
Shanghai consisted of
several colonial occupiers.
280
00:17:40,160 --> 00:17:41,840
There was the International Settlement.
281
00:17:42,240 --> 00:17:44,920
There was the French Concession,
282
00:17:45,240 --> 00:17:47,920
where many of the
Russian immigrants lived.
283
00:17:48,760 --> 00:17:50,520
And there was the inner city, ...
284
00:17:50,680 --> 00:17:52,880
the Chinese inner city,
Nantao.
285
00:17:53,040 --> 00:17:56,160
And of course Shanghai was
a cosmopolitan city,
286
00:17:56,280 --> 00:17:58,760
perhaps the most cosmopolitan city
in the world.
287
00:17:59,440 --> 00:18:02,080
Also the most
crime-ridden city in the world.
288
00:18:02,480 --> 00:18:07,480
[Chinese big band music, street sounds]
289
00:18:12,320 --> 00:18:14,600
How can I make it possible
for you to feel ...
290
00:18:14,760 --> 00:18:18,840
the specific atmosphere
of this extraordinary city?
291
00:18:19,720 --> 00:18:21,000
The many smells,
292
00:18:21,320 --> 00:18:24,680
ranging all the way from
the burnt incense in temples,
293
00:18:25,040 --> 00:18:29,080
to the carts in which human
excrement was collected for fertilizer.
294
00:18:30,200 --> 00:18:32,800
The peculiar sounds and noises,
295
00:18:32,920 --> 00:18:36,200
emanating from
the great variety of people,
296
00:18:36,400 --> 00:18:38,240
from the poorest coolies ...
297
00:18:38,360 --> 00:18:40,480
to the wealthiest
men in the world,
298
00:18:40,600 --> 00:18:43,640
from the lives of socially
accepted taxi dancers ...
299
00:18:44,160 --> 00:18:47,400
to the puritanistic British
society ladies.
300
00:18:47,960 --> 00:18:49,640
Shanghai was a fake,
301
00:18:50,160 --> 00:18:54,080
a phony,
neither occidental nor oriental.
302
00:18:54,440 --> 00:18:56,240
And yet - God forgive me ...
303
00:18:56,800 --> 00:19:01,080
she was the most exciting
and unique city in the world.
304
00:19:01,200 --> 00:19:04,960
She was poison,
and the old-time Shanghailanders ...
305
00:19:05,120 --> 00:19:08,280
were addicts who never
could free themselves ...
306
00:19:08,400 --> 00:19:10,280
from being in love with her.
307
00:19:11,880 --> 00:19:14,480
Max Berges, refugee
308
00:19:17,920 --> 00:19:21,200
The number of prostitutes
running around on Nanking Road,
309
00:19:21,360 --> 00:19:24,680
you must remember,
the main drag was covered with girls.
310
00:19:24,800 --> 00:19:28,840
And they had these ballrooms
with taxi dancers.
311
00:19:29,560 --> 00:19:32,600
You went to a ballroom with
5 friends and you bought, ...
312
00:19:32,800 --> 00:19:34,800
let's say for 50 cents,
313
00:19:35,000 --> 00:19:38,920
30 Cents, 6 tickets and then you
went to a girl and danced with her ...
314
00:19:39,080 --> 00:19:41,240
and gave her one of these tickets.
315
00:19:41,400 --> 00:19:43,440
That was the taxi dancing.
It was very popular.
316
00:19:43,560 --> 00:19:46,800
And we had very good bands,
mostly Filipino bands.
317
00:19:47,080 --> 00:19:49,280
They played beautiful
modern music.
318
00:19:50,000 --> 00:19:53,600
You had nightclubs
in the western part of Shanghai,
319
00:19:53,760 --> 00:19:57,760
past the Settlement
which was Chinese territory ...
320
00:19:58,360 --> 00:20:01,840
and which was run by the Japanese
but not directly.
321
00:20:02,000 --> 00:20:04,800
The Japanese had gotten
themselves a puppet,
322
00:20:04,960 --> 00:20:07,400
a former Associate
of Chiang Kai-sheck
323
00:20:07,560 --> 00:20:09,240
by the name of Wang Sheng-wai.
324
00:20:09,720 --> 00:20:13,840
In this area there were
quite a number of gambling dens,
325
00:20:14,000 --> 00:20:15,160
opium dens,
326
00:20:15,280 --> 00:20:18,880
clubs for transvestites
for gays.
327
00:20:19,480 --> 00:20:22,240
And I worked at this
"Maskee Nightclub",
328
00:20:22,360 --> 00:20:24,840
And I really learned to see,
329
00:20:26,360 --> 00:20:28,040
what a gay nightclub was.
330
00:20:28,200 --> 00:20:32,640
I didn't know what a gay club
was, homosexuals.
331
00:20:32,960 --> 00:20:35,360
It was very interesting.
There were many interesting people,
332
00:20:35,520 --> 00:20:39,520
very good looking British and German.
Mostly German and British people.
333
00:20:41,640 --> 00:20:44,880
That was an interesting
introduction to the night life.
334
00:20:45,360 --> 00:20:48,240
[big band music]
335
00:20:48,600 --> 00:20:51,840
[bomb explosion, dramatic music]
336
00:20:52,200 --> 00:20:57,120
Germany invaded Poland
on September 1, 1939.
337
00:20:58,120 --> 00:21:02,120
And it became apparent
that we maybe should not wait.
338
00:21:02,400 --> 00:21:06,720
And my father let us know that we
should meet him in Shanghai instead.
339
00:21:07,200 --> 00:21:09,920
Then, Italy
entered the war ...
340
00:21:10,200 --> 00:21:13,680
and we could not go
by boat anymore.
341
00:21:13,840 --> 00:21:17,800
So now we had to get rail
transportation over Siberia.
342
00:21:18,320 --> 00:21:22,240
We left in May, 1940, ...
343
00:21:22,520 --> 00:21:26,200
and finally landed in Shanghai
sometime in early June.
344
00:21:26,640 --> 00:21:30,240
At that time too many
refugees had gotten into Shanghai,
345
00:21:30,400 --> 00:21:33,360
so the Shanghai Municipal Authority ...
346
00:21:33,600 --> 00:21:36,320
required a permit.
347
00:21:36,960 --> 00:21:40,120
And my father was able to get it ...
348
00:21:40,240 --> 00:21:44,200
for my mother and me, because
we were wife and child.
349
00:21:45,480 --> 00:21:47,120
My father was a banker,
350
00:21:47,240 --> 00:21:49,640
and through his connections
he had been able ...
351
00:21:49,800 --> 00:21:53,680
to transfer a little bit of money
out of Germany into Switzerland.
352
00:21:54,480 --> 00:21:58,040
So he had some
limited funds to draw on.
353
00:21:58,320 --> 00:22:02,560
And we moved into a
European-style apartment building.
354
00:22:03,360 --> 00:22:05,440
Of course, into a very small apartment,
355
00:22:05,600 --> 00:22:09,120
but it had hot water
and steam heat in the winter,
356
00:22:09,640 --> 00:22:12,160
so we weren't really too uncomfortable.
357
00:22:15,640 --> 00:22:20,640
[upbeat bass and violin music]
358
00:22:23,240 --> 00:22:26,000
Emigrants have made
unbelievable achievements.
359
00:22:26,720 --> 00:22:30,800
Wonderful shops have opened
and they are doing well.
360
00:22:30,920 --> 00:22:32,440
When you walk on Broadway here ...
361
00:22:32,560 --> 00:22:37,000
you think you are in Vienna or Berlin
and forget that you are an immigrant.
362
00:22:38,080 --> 00:22:41,760
A large number of people have already
built a nice existence for themselves ...
363
00:22:42,200 --> 00:22:45,720
and for some it definitely
goes better than before.
364
00:22:46,920 --> 00:22:47,800
Refugee
365
00:22:48,080 --> 00:22:53,080
[upbeat Klezmer-style music]
366
00:22:58,160 --> 00:23:01,160
Since I was so interested
in printing and writing ...
367
00:23:01,920 --> 00:23:05,680
I met somebody who was
a friend of Mr. Storfer,
368
00:23:06,240 --> 00:23:09,000
and said he is
planning to open up a newspaper.
369
00:23:09,200 --> 00:23:13,200
And I met Mr. Storfer, who was
a very intelligent, interesting man.
370
00:23:13,360 --> 00:23:16,360
He had been a publisher of books
for Sigmund Freud ...
371
00:23:16,520 --> 00:23:19,160
and had published himself
as he proudly told me.
372
00:23:19,320 --> 00:23:22,720
And he liked me and said,
would you like to work for me.
373
00:23:22,880 --> 00:23:24,560
I said: "Oh, I'd love to."
374
00:23:25,880 --> 00:23:28,240
March 31, 1939.
375
00:23:28,400 --> 00:23:31,400
To Dr. Siegfried Bernfeld,
San Francisco
376
00:23:31,680 --> 00:23:32,840
Dear Doctor...
377
00:23:33,040 --> 00:23:36,800
The "Gelbe Post" is concerned
with East Asian matters,
378
00:23:37,600 --> 00:23:41,360
but will take every opportunity
to draw on psychoanalysis.
379
00:23:42,080 --> 00:23:45,800
In the first issue I have an
article by a Japanese professor ...
380
00:23:45,920 --> 00:23:48,200
about psychoanalysis in Japan,
381
00:23:48,640 --> 00:23:50,720
and another by an English author,
382
00:23:50,920 --> 00:23:54,320
"On the Psychoanalysis of Chinese
Written Characters."
383
00:23:55,000 --> 00:23:57,120
The main thing is
that I hurdle over the ...
384
00:23:57,240 --> 00:23:59,800
financially difficult
beginning of my magazine.
385
00:24:00,360 --> 00:24:03,040
I work 15-16 hours a day ...
386
00:24:03,480 --> 00:24:05,600
and sleep 4-5 hours.
387
00:24:06,200 --> 00:24:07,960
But the worst is still to come ...
388
00:24:08,120 --> 00:24:10,800
the notorious
Shanghai warm period,
389
00:24:11,480 --> 00:24:13,800
which will set in in a month.
390
00:24:13,960 --> 00:24:17,960
I remain yours with heartfelt
greetings, A. J. Storfer.
391
00:24:18,560 --> 00:24:23,560
[upbeat Klezmer-style music]
392
00:24:35,760 --> 00:24:37,160
My dear friends,
393
00:24:37,520 --> 00:24:40,320
I have started several
export businesses ...
394
00:24:40,600 --> 00:24:42,760
lingerie, pork bellies, etc.
395
00:24:44,200 --> 00:24:46,800
Furthermore I have sold
unneeded crystal and ...
396
00:24:46,920 --> 00:24:48,920
I've bought American dollars.
397
00:24:50,000 --> 00:24:52,160
Then I also sold
some sports coats ...
398
00:24:52,280 --> 00:24:54,320
for which I brought
samples from Germany.
399
00:24:55,080 --> 00:24:57,200
The Chinese are
very handy at copying ...
400
00:24:57,360 --> 00:24:59,680
and under the guidance of
a European middle-man ...
401
00:24:59,840 --> 00:25:01,320
they came out very fine.
402
00:25:02,880 --> 00:25:04,960
The children are doing
very well here.
403
00:25:05,440 --> 00:25:08,080
They attend a school in which
instructions are only in English.
404
00:25:09,320 --> 00:25:11,840
The second richest man in Shanghai,
Mr. Kadoorie,
405
00:25:12,000 --> 00:25:14,200
an Arabic Jew,
established a club ...
406
00:25:14,320 --> 00:25:16,560
which is completely modeled
on the English youth clubs.
407
00:25:18,160 --> 00:25:21,800
The children go to theater
and concerts, take excursions.
408
00:25:21,920 --> 00:25:24,600
And all this is financed
by this Mr. Kadoorie.
409
00:25:25,520 --> 00:25:28,600
He wants the emigrant children to
lose the inferiority complex ...
410
00:25:28,760 --> 00:25:31,120
that has been partly
caused by emigration.
411
00:25:32,240 --> 00:25:33,680
Yours, Annie Witting
412
00:25:35,600 --> 00:25:39,160
There were concerts in the parks
in the summer.
413
00:25:39,640 --> 00:25:43,120
They had a, of course,
symphony orchestra.
414
00:25:43,320 --> 00:25:44,600
They had very nice ballet,
415
00:25:44,720 --> 00:25:49,720
due to the fact that so many
White Russians came to Shanghai,
416
00:25:49,880 --> 00:25:51,360
after the Revolution.
417
00:25:51,720 --> 00:25:53,200
We had excellent ballet.
418
00:25:53,480 --> 00:25:55,760
When I was then dating,
419
00:25:56,040 --> 00:25:58,600
I met my
future husband ...
420
00:25:58,720 --> 00:26:02,680
we were dating
and there were Chinese dance halls.
421
00:26:02,840 --> 00:26:04,080
It was wonderful.
422
00:26:04,280 --> 00:26:06,920
There were big halls
with big bands.
423
00:26:07,080 --> 00:26:10,720
And for the price of a glass of tea, ...
424
00:26:11,280 --> 00:26:14,120
you could dance all day.
That was the cover charge.
425
00:26:14,440 --> 00:26:18,280
We danced whole afternoons away.
426
00:26:18,720 --> 00:26:21,800
Sunday afternoons
that was the place to go.
427
00:26:22,040 --> 00:26:24,800
[romantic music]
428
00:26:25,120 --> 00:26:28,400
I started working for a
Russian-owned toy store,
429
00:26:28,520 --> 00:26:30,720
in the French Concession.
430
00:26:30,840 --> 00:26:33,080
It was a long, long walk
from Hongkew.
431
00:26:33,640 --> 00:26:37,360
Until a small branch store
was established down in Nanjing Lu,
432
00:26:37,520 --> 00:26:40,200
in Nanking Road,
very close to the "Bund".
433
00:26:41,360 --> 00:26:43,040
And I became the branch manager.
434
00:26:43,600 --> 00:26:45,360
I was a Teenager,
but I learned quickly.
435
00:26:46,080 --> 00:26:49,760
Connected with the toy store
was a Chinese-owned book store ...
436
00:26:50,320 --> 00:26:52,720
who dealt primarily with
pirate editions.
437
00:26:53,520 --> 00:26:56,280
I made a little money
in the book store.
438
00:26:56,840 --> 00:26:59,200
And the best part was that
I worked with Chinese ...
439
00:26:59,680 --> 00:27:01,480
and got lunch.
440
00:27:01,680 --> 00:27:04,560
[street noise]
441
00:27:04,800 --> 00:27:08,160
Our store was right next door
to a Chinese money changer ...
442
00:27:08,520 --> 00:27:09,920
and I watched it every day.
443
00:27:10,240 --> 00:27:11,760
When I had a few dollar left,
444
00:27:12,880 --> 00:27:15,000
I bought and sold dollars.
445
00:27:15,520 --> 00:27:18,080
And I was lucky,
I always made a few dollars.
446
00:27:18,320 --> 00:27:21,080
[street noise]
447
00:27:21,400 --> 00:27:26,400
[sombre electric guitar music]
448
00:27:44,160 --> 00:27:46,400
German General Consulate, Shanghai
449
00:27:46,760 --> 00:27:49,000
To the Foreign Office in Berlin
450
00:27:49,520 --> 00:27:53,800
From the recently arrived
estimated 18,000 Jews,
451
00:27:53,920 --> 00:27:56,960
around 11,000 live in Hongkew,
452
00:27:57,360 --> 00:28:00,600
about 6,000 in the
International Settlement,
453
00:28:00,760 --> 00:28:03,400
and the rest in the
French Concession.
454
00:28:04,200 --> 00:28:06,960
Out of despair
the Jewish girls are forced ...
455
00:28:07,080 --> 00:28:09,280
to go into the
public hostess bars ...
456
00:28:09,440 --> 00:28:12,520
where they are trying to push out
and undercut the Russian women ...
457
00:28:12,720 --> 00:28:15,120
who have dominated that
field until now.
458
00:28:16,040 --> 00:28:19,560
From the approximately
250 Jewish musicians,
459
00:28:19,720 --> 00:28:23,360
a number of them find employment
in the city orchestra,
460
00:28:23,480 --> 00:28:26,720
as well as in hotels
and nightclubs.
461
00:28:27,440 --> 00:28:29,600
In Hongkew
the Jews have established ...
462
00:28:30,080 --> 00:28:35,080
an estimated
50-60 coffee houses and bars.
463
00:28:35,240 --> 00:28:40,200
[sombre electric guitar music]
464
00:28:41,400 --> 00:28:44,840
Nobody liked to stay home.
The little rooms,
465
00:28:45,080 --> 00:28:48,000
where maybe 6 or 8 lived
in a small apartment,
466
00:28:49,120 --> 00:28:52,480
with one toilet. And maybe
three apartments in the building.
467
00:28:52,880 --> 00:28:54,440
And they went out to the Kaffeehaus.
468
00:28:55,080 --> 00:28:56,480
That was were the action was.
469
00:28:56,640 --> 00:28:59,360
You had to go
in order to drink a cup of coffee,
470
00:28:59,520 --> 00:29:03,000
and that in turn brought about
more cultural activity.
471
00:29:04,120 --> 00:29:06,080
They had hired singers, actors, ...
472
00:29:06,240 --> 00:29:10,400
they started making up little skits
in nightclubs and restaurants.
473
00:29:10,800 --> 00:29:14,600
And opened up a quite few
nightclubs along Broadway ...
474
00:29:14,720 --> 00:29:17,200
and on the Hongkew side because ...
475
00:29:17,640 --> 00:29:20,760
that's where
good money was to be made.
476
00:29:21,560 --> 00:29:24,880
And it's interesting to note
that this became known ...
477
00:29:25,040 --> 00:29:27,760
to the more adventurous
in the International Settlement,
478
00:29:27,920 --> 00:29:31,080
the younger ones,
they came to see these shows ...
479
00:29:31,400 --> 00:29:33,680
and there was a lot going on.
480
00:29:34,080 --> 00:29:39,080
[upbeat Klezmer-style music]
481
00:30:01,280 --> 00:30:02,760
[shuffling footsteps and street noise]
482
00:30:03,000 --> 00:30:06,840
Each morning we get up
between 5:15 and 5:45 ...
483
00:30:07,600 --> 00:30:09,040
depending on our energy.
484
00:30:09,800 --> 00:30:12,040
By 7:00 papa must
already be in the shop ...
485
00:30:12,200 --> 00:30:14,720
in order to carry the bread
rolls with the boy.
486
00:30:15,280 --> 00:30:17,680
I stay home to put the
room in order,
487
00:30:17,800 --> 00:30:19,920
and get the child
ready for kindergarten.
488
00:30:20,040 --> 00:30:23,880
Then every morning
I cook 30 to 35 meatballs ...
489
00:30:24,200 --> 00:30:26,600
that are sold for 10 cents
each in the shop.
490
00:30:27,280 --> 00:30:32,040
Aside from groceries and fruits,
we sell homemade pickled herrings,
491
00:30:32,360 --> 00:30:35,160
grilled foods,
red beet salad, etc.
492
00:30:35,680 --> 00:30:40,080
At 9 o'clock, papa comes home,
because the shop closes at 8:30.
493
00:30:40,680 --> 00:30:42,080
Then at last we eat.
494
00:30:42,800 --> 00:30:45,880
Finally socks are mended,
laundry is ironed,
495
00:30:46,000 --> 00:30:48,720
and when we have time a letter
is sometimes written.
496
00:30:48,840 --> 00:30:52,640
In any case, no evening
do we go to bed before 11:30 ...
497
00:30:53,040 --> 00:30:55,600
and then we are
of course dead tired.
498
00:30:55,760 --> 00:30:58,720
Our clientele are
85 percent immigrants.
499
00:30:59,120 --> 00:31:01,440
Most likely
we will never learn Chinese ...
500
00:31:01,560 --> 00:31:04,240
because we have
no opportunity to speak.
501
00:31:04,560 --> 00:31:09,560
[traditional Chinese violin, wind sounds]
502
00:31:14,360 --> 00:31:16,120
The "Gelbe Post".
503
00:31:16,240 --> 00:31:21,280
"Pidgin - English" will nevertheless
not be a subject in the schools of Shanghai.
504
00:31:21,520 --> 00:31:23,400
by A. J. Storfer
505
00:31:24,120 --> 00:31:27,760
Of the nearly four million
Chinese people in the city,
506
00:31:27,880 --> 00:31:32,200
the greater part will never
even try to learn English.
507
00:31:32,520 --> 00:31:35,680
On the other hand, neither
the Englishmen and Americans ...
508
00:31:35,800 --> 00:31:39,840
nor the other foreigners,
will learn the language of the natives.
509
00:31:40,480 --> 00:31:43,280
One should therefore
make Pidgin English ...
510
00:31:43,520 --> 00:31:47,840
an obligatory school subject
for foreigners and Chinese,
511
00:31:48,000 --> 00:31:50,320
and the Babylonian
chaos of languages ...
512
00:31:50,440 --> 00:31:52,480
in Shanghai will be banished.
513
00:31:53,200 --> 00:31:55,560
Representatives of the
teaching profession ...
514
00:31:56,000 --> 00:31:58,240
rejected the
unreasonable demand ...
515
00:31:58,360 --> 00:32:01,400
to actively participate
in the murder ...
516
00:32:01,520 --> 00:32:03,800
of the language of Shakespeare.
517
00:32:04,120 --> 00:32:06,760
After all, if one cannot comprehend ...
518
00:32:06,960 --> 00:32:09,960
the soliloquy
"To Be or Not to Be",
519
00:32:10,120 --> 00:32:13,840
one could still understand that
Hamletian question in Pidgin:
520
00:32:15,080 --> 00:32:18,080
can do - no can do.
521
00:32:18,520 --> 00:32:23,480
[plucked string music]
522
00:32:23,840 --> 00:32:27,680
"Die Gelbe Post" was a paper
really on a high intellectual level ...
523
00:32:28,760 --> 00:32:32,200
and unfortunately,
the readership wasn't there.
524
00:32:32,320 --> 00:32:35,480
By that time I needed
a good job ...
525
00:32:35,640 --> 00:32:40,080
so I wound up becoming a reporter
for the "Shanghai Jewish Chronicle".
526
00:32:40,240 --> 00:32:42,800
I could work
with the Chinese printers ...
527
00:32:42,920 --> 00:32:47,000
and tell them how to make up
the headlines, 18 p. and figure out sizes.
528
00:32:47,120 --> 00:32:51,080
So I became at this very young age
of 19, 20, a night editor.
529
00:32:51,320 --> 00:32:53,720
And here I was in charge of putting
a paper together ...
530
00:32:53,800 --> 00:32:57,000
and they had all these very
well known former writers.
531
00:32:57,160 --> 00:32:58,840
But I was more or less,
532
00:32:59,040 --> 00:33:02,520
they had to ask me to give
them a good spot in the paper.
533
00:33:03,440 --> 00:33:06,520
And satisfy the ad salesmen
for the advertising ...
534
00:33:06,640 --> 00:33:08,240
where to place their ads.
535
00:33:08,360 --> 00:33:10,960
So, I had a fairly
important job there.
536
00:33:11,400 --> 00:33:16,400
[street noise and traditional Chinese flute]
537
00:33:21,440 --> 00:33:24,840
My father was able to start a business ...
538
00:33:25,160 --> 00:33:28,440
in the International Settlement,
doing books for people.
539
00:33:28,600 --> 00:33:31,360
So, he managed all right,
540
00:33:31,640 --> 00:33:34,480
drawing a little bit
on the Swiss money.
541
00:33:34,720 --> 00:33:36,440
For my mother it was devastating.
542
00:33:37,120 --> 00:33:40,320
She spoke French fluently,
543
00:33:40,720 --> 00:33:42,600
English very badly.
544
00:33:43,320 --> 00:33:46,720
She missed her mother and
her sister and her surroundings.
545
00:33:46,880 --> 00:33:48,840
She was afraid to go out.
546
00:33:49,520 --> 00:33:53,720
So, our roles really reverse
and whenever I explored,
547
00:33:53,880 --> 00:33:57,880
I would take her along. But without me
she really didn't go anywhere.
548
00:33:58,600 --> 00:34:01,920
And I realized
much, much later ...
549
00:34:02,440 --> 00:34:05,400
that she really was clinically depressed ...
550
00:34:05,680 --> 00:34:08,120
and had a very, very hard time of it.
551
00:34:09,800 --> 00:34:14,800
[melancholic piano music]
552
00:34:15,320 --> 00:34:17,160
Shanghai Jewish Chronicle
553
00:34:17,880 --> 00:34:20,600
Mars is the only spot
in the universe ...
554
00:34:20,720 --> 00:34:24,240
where a Jewish emigrant
can enter without a passport ...
555
00:34:24,400 --> 00:34:26,120
and an immigration visa.
556
00:34:26,960 --> 00:34:30,760
We heard this yesterday in a
melancholic and amusing operetta ...
557
00:34:31,000 --> 00:34:33,320
which was performed at
the Jewish Club.
558
00:34:33,920 --> 00:34:35,840
A dentist and his wife ...
559
00:34:36,080 --> 00:34:38,840
have a hard time adjusting
to Shanghai.
560
00:34:39,040 --> 00:34:41,920
Then the emigrant falls asleep
and dreams ...
561
00:34:42,040 --> 00:34:45,480
that he and his wife have
landed on Mars.
562
00:34:45,960 --> 00:34:47,120
On Mars,
563
00:34:47,240 --> 00:34:48,960
at least in the dream,
564
00:34:49,120 --> 00:34:52,240
immigration, commerce,
and love are free.
565
00:34:53,520 --> 00:34:55,360
The bitter irony of this piece ...
566
00:34:55,480 --> 00:34:57,840
unfortunately mirrors reality.
567
00:34:59,040 --> 00:35:02,240
Six million Jews in Central and
Eastern Europe ...
568
00:35:02,360 --> 00:35:04,960
are still suffering
with no prospects ...
569
00:35:05,080 --> 00:35:08,920
of ever finding refuge in
this miserable world.
570
00:35:11,680 --> 00:35:16,680
[sombre piano and violin music]
571
00:35:21,640 --> 00:35:26,080
With my mother I tried to stay
in touch as best as I could ...
572
00:35:26,200 --> 00:35:27,960
and as frequently as I could.
573
00:35:28,240 --> 00:35:30,560
And in the beginning
when I was in Shanghai ...
574
00:35:30,720 --> 00:35:32,400
we had a regular correspondence.
575
00:35:32,560 --> 00:35:35,080
And she was careful,
576
00:35:35,320 --> 00:35:38,400
knowing the political situation
better than most.
577
00:35:39,880 --> 00:35:44,320
She hinted about
"this one left and, he disap---"
578
00:35:44,960 --> 00:35:46,360
She didn't say "disappeared,"
579
00:35:46,440 --> 00:35:50,080
but she indicated somebody was
taken away by the Gestapo.
580
00:35:51,280 --> 00:35:55,680
The worst thing was, when she reported
about her former husband,
581
00:35:55,800 --> 00:35:59,120
my father, with whom she had
parted in good company.
582
00:35:59,400 --> 00:36:03,200
She went to see my father off
when he was taken away ...
583
00:36:03,640 --> 00:36:07,360
to a special collective station
where they were sent by train ...
584
00:36:07,760 --> 00:36:10,960
to Russia, where
my father died,
585
00:36:12,920 --> 00:36:13,880
was killed.
586
00:36:14,160 --> 00:36:17,080
The letters became
more and more desperate.
587
00:36:17,600 --> 00:36:20,760
In the last letter she said whether
I could help her to come to China.
588
00:36:21,080 --> 00:36:22,960
I was devastated ...
589
00:36:23,200 --> 00:36:24,840
and I tried, but ...
590
00:36:25,120 --> 00:36:27,920
the communication was so
bad already ...
591
00:36:28,520 --> 00:36:31,520
and I could only
communicate via the Red Cross,
592
00:36:32,640 --> 00:36:36,320
which didn't, wasn't too good.
And this failed.
593
00:36:36,800 --> 00:36:39,360
I was terribly upset
about my father.
594
00:36:39,720 --> 00:36:41,560
My father was a sick man.
At that time ...
595
00:36:41,680 --> 00:36:44,360
he was about, just about 50.
596
00:36:44,880 --> 00:36:47,360
When I left him,
I knew I would never see him again,
597
00:36:47,640 --> 00:36:49,560
which was a horrible thing to think.
My mother,
598
00:36:49,680 --> 00:36:54,280
I was fully confident when
I left on the 19. Dec. 1938,
599
00:36:54,400 --> 00:36:56,520
that I would ever see her again later.
600
00:37:00,520 --> 00:37:04,760
[Chinese pipa music and typewriter sounds]
601
00:37:05,200 --> 00:37:06,160
Report of The Committee ...
602
00:37:06,280 --> 00:37:08,800
for the Assistance of
European Jewish Refugees ...
603
00:37:08,920 --> 00:37:12,560
in Shanghai for the first
six months of 1940:
604
00:37:13,160 --> 00:37:15,560
The American Jewish Joint
Distribution Committee's ...
605
00:37:15,680 --> 00:37:21,440
monthly allotment of $18,000
was reduced to $14,000 in April.
606
00:37:22,320 --> 00:37:25,000
The task of operating with
considerably less funds ...
607
00:37:25,120 --> 00:37:28,080
was made vastly more difficult
because of the rise ...
608
00:37:28,200 --> 00:37:30,600
in the cost
of foodstuffs and coal ...
609
00:37:30,880 --> 00:37:36,080
The prices of these commodities
went up from 50% to 150%.
610
00:37:37,120 --> 00:37:39,880
Six camps and two hospitals
are operated.
611
00:37:40,040 --> 00:37:43,840
As of June, about 11,000
people were assisted monthly,
612
00:37:44,120 --> 00:37:47,040
being given shelter,
food and money.
613
00:37:47,440 --> 00:37:50,320
There is no future for
refugees in China.
614
00:37:50,840 --> 00:37:54,000
Business has been disastrously
affected by the wars.
615
00:37:54,280 --> 00:37:58,880
[soft acoustic guitar]
616
00:37:59,120 --> 00:38:02,800
Within the camp those that
were fortunate to have a job,
617
00:38:03,240 --> 00:38:05,560
dressed and went to work.
618
00:38:05,720 --> 00:38:08,280
The rest of the people,
619
00:38:08,440 --> 00:38:11,240
more or less,
congregated in groups.
620
00:38:11,800 --> 00:38:14,960
They did have one radio
which had short wave,
621
00:38:15,360 --> 00:38:18,400
which occasionally we would
get news of the war.
622
00:38:20,240 --> 00:38:23,400
"The Russians were doing this
the Germans that..."
623
00:38:23,640 --> 00:38:24,600
Listen to that.
624
00:38:25,040 --> 00:38:28,320
And many would sit
around a table ...
625
00:38:28,680 --> 00:38:30,160
and play cards.
626
00:38:30,760 --> 00:38:34,080
And basically that is the way
you would spend your day.
627
00:38:37,480 --> 00:38:40,160
[sorrowful cello]
628
00:38:40,520 --> 00:38:42,120
All my dear friends,
629
00:38:42,800 --> 00:38:45,640
We have unfortunately suffered
very much grief.
630
00:38:46,000 --> 00:38:49,600
That is, first I had a tropical
dysentery for 6 weeks,
631
00:38:49,720 --> 00:38:53,200
and then my husband,
especially heavy, for 14 weeks.
632
00:38:54,080 --> 00:38:56,800
And due to the dysentery,
an inflammation of the heart muscle,
633
00:38:56,920 --> 00:39:01,680
which does not heal so quickly.
Besides, he lost 40 pounds.
634
00:39:03,000 --> 00:39:05,520
Expenses from the sickness
were enormous,
635
00:39:05,680 --> 00:39:08,680
and my greatest fear was:
How do I make it?
636
00:39:10,120 --> 00:39:11,760
The first thought
when I got up in the morning,
637
00:39:11,920 --> 00:39:14,240
and the last thought
before going to sleep was:
638
00:39:14,720 --> 00:39:16,120
Making dollars!
639
00:39:17,200 --> 00:39:20,120
Sometimes I don't recognize myself.
640
00:39:21,600 --> 00:39:23,720
Was I ever so sober?
641
00:39:24,200 --> 00:39:26,680
Yours, Annie Witting
642
00:39:27,200 --> 00:39:33,200
[sorrowful cello, rickshaw]
643
00:39:35,840 --> 00:39:37,640
July 1941.
644
00:39:38,080 --> 00:39:39,680
Dear Doctor Wittels,
645
00:39:39,840 --> 00:39:43,600
for one long year I have not
let anyone hear from me,
646
00:39:43,680 --> 00:39:46,720
and I know that this makes
an ugly impression.
647
00:39:47,720 --> 00:39:52,720
It was in the middle of August
that the $400 arrived by wire ...
648
00:39:52,960 --> 00:39:56,040
and I had every reason to
see a rosy future.
649
00:39:57,240 --> 00:40:00,800
But I had not expected
the unmerciful small-mindedness ...
650
00:40:00,920 --> 00:40:03,200
of my business competitors.
651
00:40:03,840 --> 00:40:06,880
Besides the two men
who did night-duty ...
652
00:40:07,000 --> 00:40:13,400
felt compelled to suddenly report
sick. I myself had to fill in at once,
653
00:40:13,880 --> 00:40:17,160
which had the outcome that
right after the first night ...
654
00:40:17,880 --> 00:40:20,120
I suffered a severe heart attack.
655
00:40:21,040 --> 00:40:24,840
I was forced to liquidate the
business within 8 days.
656
00:40:26,200 --> 00:40:29,080
I am completely cut off from
friends in Europe.
657
00:40:29,200 --> 00:40:32,040
But I also never hear anything
from America.
658
00:40:32,240 --> 00:40:34,400
However this is, in fact, my fault.
659
00:40:35,320 --> 00:40:38,160
Don't think too badly
about your devoted ...
660
00:40:38,440 --> 00:40:40,680
A. J. Storfer
661
00:40:41,400 --> 00:40:46,400
[sorrowful cello]
662
00:40:53,040 --> 00:40:56,440
It was the night of the 7th,
my headline read ...
663
00:40:56,600 --> 00:40:58,400
something in German of course,
664
00:40:59,120 --> 00:41:01,080
that there's good hope
that they will ...
665
00:41:01,240 --> 00:41:03,360
come to some sort
of agreement in Washington.
666
00:41:03,960 --> 00:41:05,640
And I couldn't save it.
667
00:41:05,800 --> 00:41:08,120
The paper came out
with that ridiculous headline.
668
00:41:08,560 --> 00:41:11,080
And all of a sudden
at night I hear ush,
669
00:41:12,720 --> 00:41:15,720
a tremendous noise.
We were pretty close to the harbor.
670
00:41:16,040 --> 00:41:18,960
I hear what sounded
like gunshots and bombing.
671
00:41:19,120 --> 00:41:21,360
I called up my friend
at "Domei",
672
00:41:21,520 --> 00:41:24,680
the Japanese news agency,
he happened to be on duty.
673
00:41:24,840 --> 00:41:26,480
I said, what the hell is going on?
674
00:41:26,640 --> 00:41:29,800
Well, the Japanese attacked
Pearl Harbor in Hawaii.
675
00:41:29,960 --> 00:41:31,360
Who knows where
Pearl Harbor was?
676
00:41:31,520 --> 00:41:35,640
The Japanese occupied Settlement
and French Concession.
677
00:41:35,800 --> 00:41:39,120
But basically there
wasn't much change,
678
00:41:39,280 --> 00:41:41,120
I mean it was slowly.
679
00:41:41,960 --> 00:41:44,880
The hope of going
to the United States ...
680
00:41:45,600 --> 00:41:47,640
was squashed for the time being.
681
00:41:47,960 --> 00:41:51,880
But we really didn't expect
that this would last very long.
682
00:41:52,040 --> 00:41:55,640
We expected the American forces
to win at that time.
683
00:41:56,600 --> 00:41:59,400
And, for us, aside from the fact ...
684
00:41:59,560 --> 00:42:01,400
that the Japanese were there ...
685
00:42:01,640 --> 00:42:05,240
marching up and down with their bayonets,
which was a little scary,
686
00:42:05,440 --> 00:42:08,360
personally I wasn't
really affected by it.
687
00:42:09,240 --> 00:42:14,240
[dramatic music and voice
from Japanese propaganda film]
688
00:42:23,720 --> 00:42:25,240
The Jewish Community ...
689
00:42:25,360 --> 00:42:27,120
Association received word ...
690
00:42:27,560 --> 00:42:29,200
that Germany ...
691
00:42:29,640 --> 00:42:33,120
declared all Jews living
abroad as stateless.
692
00:42:34,000 --> 00:42:36,680
So I pitched my passport
in the waste basket.
693
00:42:37,080 --> 00:42:40,200
As far as the Japanese were
concerned, we were just nobody.
694
00:42:40,360 --> 00:42:41,480
Furthermore,
695
00:42:41,640 --> 00:42:45,240
the rumors flew around
in Hongkew constantly.
696
00:42:46,040 --> 00:42:47,800
One was,
697
00:42:48,200 --> 00:42:50,680
that the Nazis had
sent a Colonel Meisinger,
698
00:42:53,040 --> 00:42:56,160
also called the "Butcher of Warsaw"
Gestapo agent,
699
00:42:56,440 --> 00:42:59,600
to negotiate with
the Japanese ...
700
00:42:59,760 --> 00:43:03,000
to murder all
25.000 Jews in Shanghai.
701
00:43:03,400 --> 00:43:07,080
That would be 18,000
of us, 1,000 Polish Jews,
702
00:43:07,480 --> 00:43:10,400
4,000 or so Russian Jews and ...
703
00:43:10,560 --> 00:43:15,160
some 500 Iraqi Jews, Baghdadi Jews.
704
00:43:16,720 --> 00:43:20,520
[Japanese military music]
705
00:43:20,840 --> 00:43:23,280
January 17, 1942
706
00:43:23,680 --> 00:43:26,800
Subject: Emergency Measures
for Jewish People.
707
00:43:27,760 --> 00:43:30,840
From:
Japanese Foreign Minister Togo.
708
00:43:31,840 --> 00:43:35,040
Since Germany has deprived the
Jewish people overseas ...
709
00:43:35,200 --> 00:43:36,800
of their nationality,
710
00:43:37,040 --> 00:43:41,360
German Jews will hereafter be
treated as denationalized Jews.
711
00:43:42,040 --> 00:43:45,360
Those who are or will
be made use of on our part ...
712
00:43:45,480 --> 00:43:47,840
will be treated in a friendly way.
713
00:43:48,360 --> 00:43:50,920
The rest of them will be placed
under strict surveillance ...
714
00:43:51,040 --> 00:43:55,680
so that any hostile activity
may be eliminated or suppressed.
715
00:44:01,320 --> 00:44:05,120
At 14 years, it was in my mind,
716
00:44:05,240 --> 00:44:07,920
that I can be much more
productive in trying ...
717
00:44:08,040 --> 00:44:12,520
to earn some money,
rather than to go to school ...
718
00:44:12,680 --> 00:44:14,600
and bring home nothing.
719
00:44:14,680 --> 00:44:18,720
So I worked by mostly
day labor.
720
00:44:18,960 --> 00:44:22,040
That is throughout the time
that the war was on.
721
00:44:22,360 --> 00:44:25,800
I was out each morning
looking for work.
722
00:44:25,960 --> 00:44:28,480
And that work
that was available ...
723
00:44:28,640 --> 00:44:33,200
underbidding coolie wages
was "Kohlendrehen",
724
00:44:33,320 --> 00:44:35,320
which means turning ...
725
00:44:35,440 --> 00:44:40,400
a wheel that would
grind sand and coal dust ...
726
00:44:40,560 --> 00:44:43,960
and then to be mixed to be
made into charcoal briquettes.
727
00:44:44,080 --> 00:44:47,280
Or, since there was no
electrical power ...
728
00:44:47,400 --> 00:44:50,640
to drive machinery ...
729
00:44:50,720 --> 00:44:54,320
they would build
transmissions turned by hand.
730
00:44:54,440 --> 00:44:56,160
Some were rods ...
731
00:44:56,280 --> 00:44:59,720
which you would
pedal like a bicycle.
732
00:45:00,520 --> 00:45:03,400
And there might be
15 or 20 men ...
733
00:45:03,560 --> 00:45:05,960
on one row doing this ...
734
00:45:06,080 --> 00:45:10,360
and again creating power
to power some machinery.
735
00:45:10,920 --> 00:45:15,920
[Chinese folk singing, sound of streets]
736
00:45:26,600 --> 00:45:29,320
At the end of the day
there was a good chance ...
737
00:45:29,560 --> 00:45:32,680
that Inflation
throughout just one day ...
738
00:45:32,880 --> 00:45:37,120
had changed the value of
what we were paid that evening.
739
00:45:37,440 --> 00:45:40,360
But somehow it always
was enough ...
740
00:45:40,520 --> 00:45:46,200
to buy us a sweet potato which
the vendors on the street were selling,
741
00:45:46,320 --> 00:45:48,240
or a bowl of noodle soup,
742
00:45:48,520 --> 00:45:51,720
and eat up what
we had earned that day.
743
00:45:52,040 --> 00:45:56,680
Then go back to camp and
then crawl into our straw sack.
744
00:45:57,040 --> 00:46:02,200
[sounds of people talking and eating]
745
00:46:07,400 --> 00:46:11,800
[tense music]
746
00:46:12,160 --> 00:46:15,040
February 18, 1943
747
00:46:16,080 --> 00:46:19,240
The Imperial Japanese Army
and Navy authorities,
748
00:46:19,400 --> 00:46:21,920
in a joint proclamation
issued today, announced ...
749
00:46:22,200 --> 00:46:25,400
the restriction of
residences and places of businesses ...
750
00:46:25,520 --> 00:46:27,720
of stateless refugees
in Shanghai ...
751
00:46:28,160 --> 00:46:31,360
to a designated area
as from May 18.
752
00:46:31,880 --> 00:46:35,000
By "stateless refugees" are meant
those European refugees ...
753
00:46:35,160 --> 00:46:40,600
who have arrived in Shanghai
since January 1, 1937.
754
00:46:40,880 --> 00:46:44,360
[tense music]
755
00:46:44,600 --> 00:46:47,160
All those middle
European refugees ...
756
00:46:47,280 --> 00:46:49,280
who had arrived after 1937,
757
00:46:50,000 --> 00:46:53,320
which was cleverly done the
word "Jew" was never mentioned,
758
00:46:54,160 --> 00:46:55,760
had to move into Hongkew.
759
00:46:55,960 --> 00:46:57,960
For instance,
my uncle's cafe.
760
00:46:58,160 --> 00:47:01,920
Then he was forced to sell at
very cheap prices their businesses,
761
00:47:02,080 --> 00:47:04,360
similar to what happened
in Germany, for instance ...
762
00:47:04,480 --> 00:47:07,920
to the Jews who had
to give it away when they were arisiert ...
763
00:47:08,160 --> 00:47:11,520
for a fraction
of the actual value.
764
00:47:11,800 --> 00:47:13,640
[tense music]
765
00:47:13,960 --> 00:47:19,400
That was the watershed.
We had to move into the ghetto ...
766
00:47:19,760 --> 00:47:21,760
and that was terrible.
767
00:47:21,960 --> 00:47:24,160
The only requirement ...
768
00:47:24,480 --> 00:47:29,120
that my mother had
was that it would have a WC,
769
00:47:29,360 --> 00:47:32,040
a real flush toilet,
not buckets.
770
00:47:32,240 --> 00:47:34,720
And, so, the only
thing we could find ...
771
00:47:34,880 --> 00:47:37,960
was one little room
for the three of us.
772
00:47:38,920 --> 00:47:41,200
For my father of course
that was terrible.
773
00:47:41,360 --> 00:47:43,840
He had to close is office
in the city.
774
00:47:44,040 --> 00:47:48,000
And then he still went on
and kept books ...
775
00:47:48,640 --> 00:47:52,560
for refugee businesses
in the ghetto.
776
00:47:53,000 --> 00:47:56,960
Sometimes he got paid and
sometimes he got paid in goods.
777
00:47:57,200 --> 00:48:01,520
And I taught English
to some people ...
778
00:48:01,640 --> 00:48:04,040
in exchange for food,
779
00:48:04,160 --> 00:48:06,600
and that was
basically it.
780
00:48:07,880 --> 00:48:12,880
[solemn music, street sounds]
781
00:48:35,040 --> 00:48:39,360
The Japanese established the borders
of the so-called ghetto,
782
00:48:39,640 --> 00:48:43,160
where they very cleverly did not
put the Japanese soldier,
783
00:48:43,560 --> 00:48:44,760
maybe in the beginning a few.
784
00:48:44,960 --> 00:48:48,080
But a refugees civil patrol
was started,
785
00:48:48,240 --> 00:48:50,600
a militia,
called "Pao Chia".
786
00:48:50,800 --> 00:48:55,320
We were forced by law to do
"Pao Chia" duty ...
787
00:48:55,440 --> 00:48:59,800
at the border where if you came through
I asked: "May I see your passport?"
788
00:48:59,920 --> 00:49:04,360
They issued passports to go
to the Settlement or theFrench Concession.
789
00:49:04,680 --> 00:49:09,680
[solemn music]
790
00:49:10,320 --> 00:49:11,920
Ghoya was the person ...
791
00:49:12,160 --> 00:49:15,040
that called himself
"King of the Jews".
792
00:49:15,680 --> 00:49:20,760
What it amounted to is
he was of the Japanese group ...
793
00:49:20,880 --> 00:49:22,040
which administered ...
794
00:49:22,160 --> 00:49:25,080
or supervised
all refugees.
795
00:49:25,200 --> 00:49:28,520
If you wanted out of the district
you needed a special pass ...
796
00:49:28,720 --> 00:49:32,400
which in turn he in
his office administered.
797
00:49:32,800 --> 00:49:35,840
And this little guy was about ...
798
00:49:36,200 --> 00:49:38,720
4 feet 8/10 inches tall ...
799
00:49:39,040 --> 00:49:41,280
and felt his power.
800
00:49:42,280 --> 00:49:46,040
And he really abused his power
in many different ways.
801
00:49:46,480 --> 00:49:48,440
He would jump
on his desk ...
802
00:49:48,600 --> 00:49:50,920
and slap the daylights
out of a person ...
803
00:49:51,080 --> 00:49:53,320
simply for
saying a wrong word.
804
00:49:53,960 --> 00:49:57,120
My father and I stood
in line one day ...
805
00:49:57,400 --> 00:50:01,040
waiting to go to his office.
He wasn't there yet.
806
00:50:01,280 --> 00:50:04,560
And word comes down
very quickly, he's coming.
807
00:50:05,040 --> 00:50:07,760
Well, he came
and walked by us.
808
00:50:07,920 --> 00:50:12,120
For some reason. My father
must have either made the wrong move.
809
00:50:12,320 --> 00:50:16,160
I still to this day don't know why,
but he stopped in front of my father.
810
00:50:17,040 --> 00:50:19,960
My father wore
very thick glasses.
811
00:50:20,400 --> 00:50:24,360
And he made my father
bend down and ...
812
00:50:24,480 --> 00:50:27,680
beat him in the face.
813
00:50:27,840 --> 00:50:30,120
Knocked his glasses off
and broke them.
814
00:50:30,440 --> 00:50:32,080
And that day,
815
00:50:32,320 --> 00:50:36,280
I stood there and swore the day will come
where I'll get even with him.
816
00:50:36,880 --> 00:50:41,880
[sorrowful music]
817
00:50:49,360 --> 00:50:52,240
From The International Committee
of the Red Cross:
818
00:50:52,640 --> 00:50:55,520
June 15, 1943
819
00:50:55,960 --> 00:51:00,200
With reference to the situation of
the civilian population in Shanghai,
820
00:51:00,680 --> 00:51:03,080
the worst distress exists
undoubtedly ...
821
00:51:03,440 --> 00:51:05,520
amongst the German-Jewish
immigrants,
822
00:51:05,760 --> 00:51:09,720
of whom at least 6,000 are on the
point of starvation ...
823
00:51:10,040 --> 00:51:13,480
and about 9,000 more are
not far better off.
824
00:51:14,680 --> 00:51:18,400
For the moment the Jewish
Committee has still some of the ...
825
00:51:18,560 --> 00:51:22,600
3,000 bags of flour
left which was donated last July,
826
00:51:22,800 --> 00:51:26,120
but even that will be exhausted
by the end of next month.
827
00:51:27,400 --> 00:51:30,320
The fact that during the recent
first cold spell ...
828
00:51:30,480 --> 00:51:34,880
534 dead bodies were picked up
in the streets after one night ...
829
00:51:35,320 --> 00:51:38,520
may give you an indication of the
extent of the misery ...
830
00:51:38,640 --> 00:51:42,760
which prevails amongst the poorer
classes of the Chinese population.
831
00:51:43,040 --> 00:51:46,960
[sorrowful music]
832
00:51:47,200 --> 00:51:49,960
Food was, at that point,
becoming very scarce.
833
00:51:50,560 --> 00:51:54,120
We had to go to the market every day
and we ate whatever we had.
834
00:51:54,240 --> 00:51:55,720
But then my mother got ill,
835
00:51:55,880 --> 00:51:58,600
and got Bacilary Dysentery and ...
836
00:51:58,760 --> 00:52:03,000
died within 3 days, because
we didn't have any medication.
837
00:52:03,960 --> 00:52:06,280
After this it fell to me ...
838
00:52:07,000 --> 00:52:08,280
to do all of this.
839
00:52:08,440 --> 00:52:11,000
That was kind of a shock ...
840
00:52:11,880 --> 00:52:14,520
to find out
how to cook,
841
00:52:14,680 --> 00:52:18,200
to take care of the house,
whatever there was,
842
00:52:18,360 --> 00:52:21,200
to take care of my father who was ...
843
00:52:22,040 --> 00:52:25,240
getting more and more
despondent, being a ...
844
00:52:26,040 --> 00:52:27,760
fairly young widower.
845
00:52:28,240 --> 00:52:31,640
And the situation for me
personally became worse,
846
00:52:31,800 --> 00:52:33,000
much worse.
847
00:52:33,640 --> 00:52:38,600
[mournful music]
848
00:52:41,240 --> 00:52:46,240
[mournful music, footsteps]
849
00:53:01,520 --> 00:53:06,520
[mournful music, shoveling dirt]
850
00:53:16,320 --> 00:53:19,080
Just about midway
through the war ...
851
00:53:19,960 --> 00:53:21,760
conditions were so that ...
852
00:53:23,600 --> 00:53:27,520
the clothes you had
either brought or acquired ...
853
00:53:27,680 --> 00:53:30,040
in the meantime gave out ...
854
00:53:30,200 --> 00:53:32,400
and no money to buy
anything else.
855
00:53:32,760 --> 00:53:36,240
So that even though
in the wintertime ...
856
00:53:36,400 --> 00:53:38,720
it would come down to zero
or below,
857
00:53:38,880 --> 00:53:40,920
you had
no warm clothes ...
858
00:53:41,040 --> 00:53:45,360
and you might,
I might have worn a T-shirt,
859
00:53:45,760 --> 00:53:49,040
a pair of shorts, no socks.
860
00:53:49,480 --> 00:53:51,200
In place of shoes ...
861
00:53:51,760 --> 00:53:55,200
I would whittle or cut
out of a piece of wood ...
862
00:53:55,360 --> 00:53:59,520
I would find,
the shape of a sole.
863
00:53:59,800 --> 00:54:02,960
Put a strap
across the front part ...
864
00:54:03,960 --> 00:54:07,600
and what might be
described as a slipper ...
865
00:54:08,360 --> 00:54:11,200
use that for shoes.
They didn't last very long.
866
00:54:11,360 --> 00:54:14,680
Either the darn strap
came off every 15 minutes,
867
00:54:14,960 --> 00:54:17,880
or the wood would be too soft ...
868
00:54:18,000 --> 00:54:20,440
and be used up in nothing flat.
869
00:54:20,680 --> 00:54:26,520
But all this came much after
we got actually in so low,
870
00:54:26,640 --> 00:54:30,800
that we sold every
single thing we owned.
871
00:54:31,240 --> 00:54:36,240
[mournful music]
872
00:54:39,320 --> 00:54:44,320
[mournful music,
sounds of people, street sounds]
873
00:54:45,280 --> 00:54:49,440
[sounds of people, street sounds]
874
00:54:50,000 --> 00:54:52,560
People's nerves
were on edge.
875
00:54:52,880 --> 00:54:55,520
Everybody seemed to be screaming.
876
00:54:56,480 --> 00:54:58,520
There were lots of family fights ...
877
00:54:58,680 --> 00:55:00,720
among the families in the ghetto.
878
00:55:00,880 --> 00:55:03,400
And, of course, you heard
everybody else's fight,
879
00:55:03,840 --> 00:55:06,760
along with all other noises -
880
00:55:06,920 --> 00:55:08,560
the Chinese noise,
881
00:55:08,920 --> 00:55:11,440
the Mahjong-tiles.
882
00:55:13,160 --> 00:55:17,000
What I remember most about
Shanghai in that time ...
883
00:55:17,440 --> 00:55:20,960
is there was never silence.
884
00:55:21,120 --> 00:55:24,520
There wasn't ever a moment
where it was silent.
885
00:55:25,160 --> 00:55:30,160
[Japanese military singing]
886
00:55:36,960 --> 00:55:38,480
That was the time ...
887
00:55:38,760 --> 00:55:40,200
when the Japanese ...
888
00:55:40,560 --> 00:55:41,960
advanced in the Pacific ...
889
00:55:42,680 --> 00:55:44,480
and the Allies were retreating.
890
00:55:45,680 --> 00:55:49,640
We had radio news,
local news.
891
00:55:49,960 --> 00:55:53,960
We could get news from the Soviet Union,
but we didn't trust it.
892
00:55:55,840 --> 00:56:00,000
We had through underground
channels access to short wave.
893
00:56:00,960 --> 00:56:03,200
So even that news
was not very good,
894
00:56:04,040 --> 00:56:05,720
that the Allies were retreating.
895
00:56:06,080 --> 00:56:09,200
We couldn't even begin to imagine
what would happen ...
896
00:56:09,760 --> 00:56:11,520
if the Japanese would win.
897
00:56:11,880 --> 00:56:14,280
we didn't even dare
to think about it.
898
00:56:15,560 --> 00:56:18,800
To describe the mood,
it was almost near desperation.
899
00:56:19,000 --> 00:56:22,040
It was getting worse and worse ...
900
00:56:22,320 --> 00:56:23,760
as time progressed ...
901
00:56:24,880 --> 00:56:28,080
between 1943, 44.
902
00:56:29,120 --> 00:56:32,520
And then
after Illo's mother had passed away,
903
00:56:34,280 --> 00:56:35,600
we decided,
904
00:56:37,560 --> 00:56:39,240
why don't we get married.
905
00:56:40,320 --> 00:56:43,960
It looked to us as to
some of the other young adults,
906
00:56:44,960 --> 00:56:47,440
that we might not
survive the war.
907
00:56:47,720 --> 00:56:49,960
We might not survive the ghetto.
908
00:56:51,840 --> 00:56:53,560
So we got married.
909
00:56:55,800 --> 00:56:59,720
A very good friend
of my mother-in-law's ...
910
00:57:00,440 --> 00:57:03,600
was a Viennese dress designer
and she offered,
911
00:57:03,760 --> 00:57:07,720
if we would find her some fabric,
to make me a real wedding gown.
912
00:57:08,440 --> 00:57:11,840
My mother had brought
some white curtains ...
913
00:57:12,000 --> 00:57:15,680
from Germany
and they didn't fit any windows,
914
00:57:15,760 --> 00:57:17,160
so they were lying there.
915
00:57:17,280 --> 00:57:20,760
And she used that.
And I had my mother's veil,
916
00:57:20,880 --> 00:57:22,640
so we had a very elegant wedding.
917
00:57:22,760 --> 00:57:26,160
I asked my father
as a wedding present ...
918
00:57:26,320 --> 00:57:29,960
to buy me enough hot water
from the hot water dealer ...
919
00:57:30,080 --> 00:57:35,000
to have a warm bath
for the first time in years.
920
00:57:35,480 --> 00:57:38,160
Well, it was so wonderful to luxuriate ...
921
00:57:38,320 --> 00:57:40,480
that I was almost late
for my own wedding.
922
00:57:40,600 --> 00:57:44,000
They had to pound on the bathroom
door to get me out of there.
923
00:57:44,600 --> 00:57:48,920
I moved into her room,
with whom she had lived previously ...
924
00:57:49,480 --> 00:57:52,560
with her father and her mother.
And her father moved out.
925
00:57:52,720 --> 00:57:57,280
And this room was just around the corner
from the bakery where I worked.
926
00:57:57,400 --> 00:57:59,080
So at least I had something.
927
00:57:59,480 --> 00:58:00,840
I earned a little money ...
928
00:58:01,120 --> 00:58:03,280
and I got two breads per day.
929
00:58:03,720 --> 00:58:04,720
That was my ...
930
00:58:05,960 --> 00:58:07,400
That was my pay.
931
00:58:07,920 --> 00:58:11,320
We had a very good
friend who was a pianist,
932
00:58:11,760 --> 00:58:16,920
and we used to go
to their room at night.
933
00:58:17,040 --> 00:58:20,800
There wasn't enough money
for lights or candles,
934
00:58:20,920 --> 00:58:23,800
but we were sitting in the dark
and he'd play in the dark.
935
00:58:24,520 --> 00:58:26,720
There were lots of things
you could do.
936
00:58:35,960 --> 00:58:40,960
[airplane sounds]
937
00:58:41,760 --> 00:58:43,400
We rejoiced when we ...
938
00:58:44,120 --> 00:58:46,640
heard the American bombers
in the distance,
939
00:58:46,800 --> 00:58:50,960
when they were starting
to attack in Shanghai surroundings.
940
00:58:51,720 --> 00:58:55,560
And when they finally
attacked the Shanghai wharves,
941
00:58:56,040 --> 00:58:57,640
I stood out on the window sill,
942
00:58:57,840 --> 00:59:00,320
because they were very often
low-level attacks.
943
00:59:00,840 --> 00:59:03,840
And once I could even
see the cockpit ...
944
00:59:04,560 --> 00:59:06,120
and I cheered them on.
945
00:59:07,560 --> 00:59:12,080
Until 17th of July 1945.
946
00:59:12,560 --> 00:59:13,880
[frantic violin music]
947
00:59:14,160 --> 00:59:15,760
The bombers came over the ghetto ...
948
00:59:16,200 --> 00:59:19,040
I climbed out of the window again,
and we got hit.
949
00:59:20,160 --> 00:59:22,400
And I decided
to go back to the bakery.
950
00:59:23,040 --> 00:59:24,440
Well, there was nothing left.
951
00:59:24,680 --> 00:59:26,040
The whole lane was destroyed.
952
00:59:26,200 --> 00:59:28,960
I don't know
how many hundreds of Chinese ...
953
00:59:29,280 --> 00:59:31,840
lived in that lane
and were killed.
954
00:59:33,280 --> 00:59:35,200
Not a single baker survived.
955
00:59:36,480 --> 00:59:39,000
We heard we had become
a secondary target ...
956
00:59:39,160 --> 00:59:41,880
because the Japanese
had a munition dump.
957
00:59:42,040 --> 00:59:45,720
They also had a
communication transmitter ...
958
00:59:46,320 --> 00:59:47,600
in our ghetto.
959
00:59:47,840 --> 00:59:52,840
[frantic violin music, fire brigade sounds]
960
00:59:55,680 --> 00:59:58,920
About 38 or 39
of our refugee people died,
961
00:59:59,040 --> 01:00:01,000
and hundreds, 5 or 6 hundred Chinese,
962
01:00:01,120 --> 01:00:02,800
and it was pretty bad,
963
01:00:03,000 --> 01:00:05,200
it was the highest time,
964
01:00:06,360 --> 01:00:09,800
because if things got worse I don't know
what would have happened.
965
01:00:09,920 --> 01:00:12,720
But things were already
pretty bad ...
966
01:00:13,360 --> 01:00:15,080
in the summer of '45.
967
01:00:15,280 --> 01:00:20,280
[frantic violin and cello music]
968
01:00:21,280 --> 01:00:24,760
In the daily paper
we found a little notice ...
969
01:00:25,120 --> 01:00:27,320
that an atomic bomb ...
970
01:00:27,480 --> 01:00:29,440
was dropped on Hiroshima.
971
01:00:29,840 --> 01:00:33,280
What's an atomic bomb?
We had no idea what it was,
972
01:00:33,560 --> 01:00:37,680
but, we felt that is must
be pretty good if they're ...
973
01:00:37,880 --> 01:00:40,960
dropping some sort of bombs
on Japan.
974
01:00:41,080 --> 01:00:43,080
so the tide
must have turned.
975
01:00:44,120 --> 01:00:47,640
And, then, of course,
one day the Japanese ...
976
01:00:48,680 --> 01:00:52,440
guards, or whatever you call them,
army, they were gone.
977
01:00:52,760 --> 01:00:55,520
And then we heard that, actually,
978
01:00:56,080 --> 01:00:57,840
there's going to be peace,
979
01:00:58,280 --> 01:01:01,440
which was just,
almost unbelievable.
980
01:01:01,800 --> 01:01:06,800
[parade sounds, Chinese 1940s pop song]
981
01:01:15,520 --> 01:01:17,840
We ran around and tore down ...
982
01:01:18,240 --> 01:01:21,880
the border signs,
the border of the ghetto.
983
01:01:22,000 --> 01:01:24,000
We ran to the city.
And then the ...
984
01:01:24,840 --> 01:01:26,800
first American troops arrived.
985
01:01:27,120 --> 01:01:29,600
They had been in the
Alusians for two years.
986
01:01:29,760 --> 01:01:31,480
They hadn't seen a woman
for two years.
987
01:01:31,640 --> 01:01:34,680
So you can imagine
what went on in Shanghai.
988
01:01:34,880 --> 01:01:39,320
I got friendly with
some Navy officers ...
989
01:01:39,800 --> 01:01:40,880
and that was our ...
990
01:01:41,040 --> 01:01:44,040
greatest thing
to go to these Officers Clubs,
991
01:01:44,200 --> 01:01:47,320
being invited and
eating decent food.
992
01:01:48,720 --> 01:01:50,400
Well, it was wonderful.
993
01:01:50,800 --> 01:01:55,800
[Chinese 1940s pop song,
celebration sounds]
994
01:02:13,120 --> 01:02:15,400
[tense bass music]
995
01:02:15,800 --> 01:02:19,480
The Japanese soldiers
registered for repatriation.
996
01:02:19,720 --> 01:02:22,080
We found out
where that was,
997
01:02:22,600 --> 01:02:26,360
and two other friends of mine
and myself ...
998
01:02:26,520 --> 01:02:29,080
decided we were
going to try and find him.
999
01:02:29,360 --> 01:02:32,960
And by the third day,
sure enough, he came.
1000
01:02:33,080 --> 01:02:36,640
He knew immediately
what we intended to do.
1001
01:02:36,880 --> 01:02:40,320
And what we intended to do
was truly kill the man.
1002
01:02:41,960 --> 01:02:45,320
We marched him back to our camp
and to our surprise ...
1003
01:02:45,480 --> 01:02:48,960
we entered and
the "Heimpolizei",
1004
01:02:51,040 --> 01:02:53,640
the camp police quote unquote ...
1005
01:02:54,480 --> 01:02:55,800
were furious.
1006
01:02:56,520 --> 01:02:59,360
People gathered and said,
this is undignified for us ...
1007
01:02:59,520 --> 01:03:02,720
to bring the man in there
for whatever reason.
1008
01:03:03,200 --> 01:03:06,680
And immediately made us turn
around and take him back out.
1009
01:03:07,320 --> 01:03:10,800
We went out in the street with him
and took him over in the field,
1010
01:03:10,920 --> 01:03:12,560
in a bombed out field,
1011
01:03:13,280 --> 01:03:14,880
and were going to kill him.
1012
01:03:15,480 --> 01:03:18,680
We knocked him around
quite seriously.
1013
01:03:18,840 --> 01:03:21,240
He would fall down
and stand up again,
1014
01:03:21,400 --> 01:03:24,000
come to attention and look
you straight in the face ...
1015
01:03:24,160 --> 01:03:26,960
without any expression
whatsoever on his face.
1016
01:03:27,160 --> 01:03:29,120
And when you face a person
like that,
1017
01:03:29,400 --> 01:03:32,080
even thought he may be
your worst enemy or you're,
1018
01:03:33,200 --> 01:03:37,040
the type of person that
you just want to kill,
1019
01:03:37,440 --> 01:03:40,320
you can't.
I can't. We couldn't.
1020
01:03:41,200 --> 01:03:42,840
Perhaps if I had a gun,
1021
01:03:43,240 --> 01:03:46,800
I might have at the beginning
that we had him.
1022
01:03:47,040 --> 01:03:49,600
But we had a knife.
That's all we had.
1023
01:03:49,800 --> 01:03:51,760
And we simply turned him loose.
1024
01:03:53,760 --> 01:03:56,960
To this day, I asks myself,
1025
01:03:57,680 --> 01:03:59,800
what takes place in
a person's mind ...
1026
01:03:59,960 --> 01:04:02,240
after all the hate
I had for the man,
1027
01:04:02,400 --> 01:04:06,160
after all the things
I wanted to do to him.
1028
01:04:06,320 --> 01:04:09,880
And then having the opportunity to do
it and not being able to do it.
1029
01:04:10,040 --> 01:04:13,880
And yet, today in the back of
my mind I'm so glad I didn't.
1030
01:04:15,520 --> 01:04:16,880
I'm so glad I didn't.
1031
01:04:17,480 --> 01:04:21,400
To kill a human being is
not the thing to do even ...
1032
01:04:22,200 --> 01:04:23,640
if you hate him.
1033
01:04:24,200 --> 01:04:29,240
[tense string music]
1034
01:04:29,680 --> 01:04:31,600
We didn't know about the Holocaust,
1035
01:04:31,760 --> 01:04:33,880
until on some
buildings,
1036
01:04:34,040 --> 01:04:36,480
sheets of paper was printed,
names appeared ...
1037
01:04:36,640 --> 01:04:40,720
and everybody started looking
and trying to find names of relatives.
1038
01:04:40,880 --> 01:04:43,680
And then the news finally
filtered out,
1039
01:04:43,720 --> 01:04:46,320
but we didn't really have
the full extent for a while ...
1040
01:04:46,720 --> 01:04:49,160
what had happened.
We didn't know about Auschwitz.
1041
01:04:49,640 --> 01:04:52,440
We knew
there were some camps,
1042
01:04:53,000 --> 01:04:55,080
where Jews were killed.
1043
01:04:55,880 --> 01:04:59,240
And I started
searching for my father,
1044
01:04:59,400 --> 01:05:02,880
my sister, of course,
never found out to this day ...
1045
01:05:03,120 --> 01:05:04,480
what had happened to them.
1046
01:05:06,480 --> 01:05:10,200
After the war, I got
a letter from my mother, it was really ...
1047
01:05:10,800 --> 01:05:13,480
devastating, in which
she related that she was ...
1048
01:05:13,600 --> 01:05:16,200
abandoned by two of her best friends.
1049
01:05:17,000 --> 01:05:20,800
She was very unhappy and started
philosophizing ...
1050
01:05:20,960 --> 01:05:25,760
about the fate of the Jews
over all the last 2000 years and ...
1051
01:05:26,280 --> 01:05:29,600
nobody will come to
our help. She cannot understand ...
1052
01:05:29,760 --> 01:05:33,560
that the British and Americans
would not do anything to help,
1053
01:05:33,760 --> 01:05:36,800
and people disappeared and
were killed and tortured.
1054
01:05:37,280 --> 01:05:39,960
I never realized
that it was that bad.
1055
01:05:40,160 --> 01:05:42,960
I was fully confident
that she would survive.
1056
01:05:43,840 --> 01:05:46,360
The thought that
my mother would perish ...
1057
01:05:46,680 --> 01:05:49,560
and wind up in Auschwitz,
it never occurred to me.
1058
01:05:49,680 --> 01:05:51,520
First of all, I didn't know
about these camps.
1059
01:05:51,960 --> 01:05:54,920
I was after all a newspaper man.
I knew more than most people.
1060
01:05:55,040 --> 01:05:57,080
But the rumors were always flying around.
1061
01:05:57,200 --> 01:06:00,640
I know the Jews were
transported to the East,
1062
01:06:00,800 --> 01:06:03,960
that the conditions
got worse and worse.
1063
01:06:04,120 --> 01:06:08,400
But I had no idea
that they went so far as ...
1064
01:06:08,520 --> 01:06:11,440
to have factories where they
would burn them and kill them ...
1065
01:06:11,600 --> 01:06:13,480
by the carloads and by the millions.
1066
01:06:13,760 --> 01:06:15,880
That, I had no idea.
1067
01:06:19,200 --> 01:06:24,200
[sounds of loading boxes,
melancholic piano music]
1068
01:06:27,800 --> 01:06:32,000
Shanghai Journal,
January 20, 1946
1069
01:06:33,160 --> 01:06:35,040
A. J. Storfer
1070
01:06:35,400 --> 01:06:37,960
Shanghai has not
yet forgotten him.
1071
01:06:38,880 --> 01:06:40,480
He came out
with the "Gelbe Post" ...
1072
01:06:40,600 --> 01:06:43,680
and won,
with one stroke, everyone for him,
1073
01:06:44,080 --> 01:06:45,960
who in that time of dying culture,
1074
01:06:46,080 --> 01:06:48,760
was seeking the sun of
spiritual cheer,
1075
01:06:48,920 --> 01:06:51,120
the shimmer
of the sharpened word,
1076
01:06:51,240 --> 01:06:53,480
the warmth of a deep soul.
1077
01:06:53,920 --> 01:06:58,400
One week before the outbreak of
the Pacific War he traveled away.
1078
01:06:59,080 --> 01:07:01,960
Now we come to learn of
his early death.
1079
01:07:03,360 --> 01:07:06,120
I came to know him
in the year 1920 ...
1080
01:07:06,280 --> 01:07:10,160
at the Viennese Cafe Central,
at that time the literary cafe.
1081
01:07:11,800 --> 01:07:13,560
We sailed together to Shanghai ...
1082
01:07:14,000 --> 01:07:15,920
after he lived for the last 2 months ...
1083
01:07:16,040 --> 01:07:17,920
with me in my Viennese room.
1084
01:07:20,600 --> 01:07:23,640
Brother, how do you like it
on the other side?
1085
01:07:25,200 --> 01:07:26,800
Do you have a room with a desk ...
1086
01:07:26,960 --> 01:07:29,320
and a table lamp reserved for me?
1087
01:07:30,160 --> 01:07:31,400
La France
1088
01:07:38,560 --> 01:07:43,560
[big band music]
1089
01:07:46,960 --> 01:07:49,960
The British fleet
came into the harbor.
1090
01:07:50,480 --> 01:07:52,520
The American 7th Fleet came in,
1091
01:07:52,880 --> 01:07:56,880
bringing hundreds and hundreds of GIs in.
1092
01:07:57,520 --> 01:07:59,680
And the word came down,
1093
01:07:59,840 --> 01:08:03,760
that the armed services will
hire civilians for certain jobs.
1094
01:08:04,360 --> 01:08:05,400
The money was excellent.
1095
01:08:05,560 --> 01:08:10,280
We made as much as
170 US-Dollar a month,
1096
01:08:10,560 --> 01:08:14,600
which, when we exchanged it,
was buckets full of money.
1097
01:08:15,440 --> 01:08:17,600
And things just happened so quickly ...
1098
01:08:17,960 --> 01:08:20,680
that we spent the money
as fast and foolishly ...
1099
01:08:20,840 --> 01:08:22,200
as it came in.
1100
01:08:23,240 --> 01:08:26,640
I had suits made tailor-made,
shoes made custom,
1101
01:08:26,800 --> 01:08:28,960
shirts tailor made.
1102
01:08:29,080 --> 01:08:32,720
There was nothing that I
could not buy and did.
1103
01:08:33,600 --> 01:08:38,600
[big band music, sounds of people]
1104
01:08:56,280 --> 01:09:01,280
[Chinese-inflected big band music]
1105
01:09:05,480 --> 01:09:06,720
My dear friends,
1106
01:09:07,520 --> 01:09:11,480
In these times we went through
the hardest years of our lives,
1107
01:09:11,600 --> 01:09:14,720
which despite everything,
I would not have wanted to miss.
1108
01:09:15,840 --> 01:09:19,520
As international and interesting
as life has been in China,
1109
01:09:19,640 --> 01:09:21,800
it will be nowhere in
the world again.
1110
01:09:22,520 --> 01:09:25,360
Now the wildest inflation
in the country rules,
1111
01:09:25,480 --> 01:09:28,320
along with a certain hatred
for foreigners.
1112
01:09:28,880 --> 01:09:32,360
China is ready for Communism
and I fear very much ...
1113
01:09:32,480 --> 01:09:34,360
that they will win the upper hand.
1114
01:09:35,120 --> 01:09:39,160
The educated Chinese regret that
everything has come to this point.
1115
01:09:40,040 --> 01:09:42,960
The foreigners are, for the most
part, leaving their country ...
1116
01:09:43,120 --> 01:09:44,800
and the Chinese know
exactly how much ...
1117
01:09:44,920 --> 01:09:46,800
they need
them for business.
1118
01:09:47,480 --> 01:09:49,800
We thought when we came
to China that we could teach ...
1119
01:09:49,920 --> 01:09:52,120
business skills to the Chinese,
1120
01:09:52,480 --> 01:09:55,160
but in reality we have
learned from them.
1121
01:09:57,000 --> 01:09:58,640
Yours, Annie Witting
1122
01:09:58,880 --> 01:10:03,880
[Chinese-inflected big band music]
1123
01:10:04,960 --> 01:10:07,960
Unfortunately, in retrospect ...
1124
01:10:08,080 --> 01:10:11,600
the colonial life
had a lot of attractions.
1125
01:10:12,200 --> 01:10:14,000
But it wasn't to be that way,
1126
01:10:14,120 --> 01:10:18,320
because Mao Tse-tung came
and we had made up our minds ...
1127
01:10:18,720 --> 01:10:23,280
to go to the United States if we
could get our papers,
1128
01:10:23,520 --> 01:10:26,960
and the quota came through
and we got our papers,
1129
01:10:27,080 --> 01:10:29,960
and there was no question
that we would leave.
1130
01:10:30,360 --> 01:10:35,320
[melodic violin and cello]
1131
01:10:38,280 --> 01:10:40,600
Finally we got word that ...
1132
01:10:40,720 --> 01:10:44,480
we would be on a General Gordon,
American Troop Transport.
1133
01:10:45,240 --> 01:10:46,440
And word got around ...
1134
01:10:46,640 --> 01:10:49,120
very fast, not that Ernest and Illo ...
1135
01:10:49,520 --> 01:10:50,760
are going to America:
1136
01:10:50,880 --> 01:10:52,720
"Illo and Ernie are going home".
1137
01:10:53,520 --> 01:10:56,200
And that's the way we felt
about it. We are going home.
1138
01:10:56,400 --> 01:11:01,400
[melodic violin and cello]
1139
01:11:03,440 --> 01:11:06,040
Rumors came out
that the occupation forces ...
1140
01:11:06,200 --> 01:11:08,800
will soon be withdrawn ...
1141
01:11:09,200 --> 01:11:12,880
and I figured that it's time
to emigrate ...
1142
01:11:13,400 --> 01:11:17,240
and got a visa, and went
to the United States.
1143
01:11:17,840 --> 01:11:21,000
I grew up, so to speak,
in hard knocks,
1144
01:11:21,440 --> 01:11:24,240
was in no position to go
to school and catch up.
1145
01:11:24,480 --> 01:11:27,400
And the more I look at it
today,
1146
01:11:27,680 --> 01:11:30,080
the more I say to myself:
I would have possibly ...
1147
01:11:30,200 --> 01:11:32,320
been able to take much
much more.
1148
01:11:33,400 --> 01:11:34,720
The bad ...
1149
01:11:36,400 --> 01:11:38,320
is buried by the good.
1150
01:11:39,080 --> 01:11:42,160
I became a very
cosmopolitan person.
1151
01:11:42,440 --> 01:11:44,560
You were not
considered a Jew.
1152
01:11:44,600 --> 01:11:46,960
You were German,
French, Italian.
1153
01:11:47,080 --> 01:11:50,360
And they all did business
together, lived together.
1154
01:11:50,800 --> 01:11:53,360
It was hard to believe
that how we got there ...
1155
01:11:53,520 --> 01:11:55,880
and we, at the end of the world,
1156
01:11:56,040 --> 01:12:00,000
and to an area totally
unknown and foreign to us.
1157
01:12:00,440 --> 01:12:06,040
And Shanghai will never
cease to be a memory of
1158
01:12:06,160 --> 01:12:08,640
amazement that there
was such a place.
1159
01:12:09,200 --> 01:12:14,200
[melodic violin and cello, sounds of ships]
1160
01:12:18,080 --> 01:12:19,840
May 1947
1161
01:12:20,880 --> 01:12:22,960
All my dear friends,
1162
01:12:24,000 --> 01:12:27,200
Is this all a dream or
indeed reality?
1163
01:12:28,520 --> 01:12:33,640
It has been four days since we have been
underway and indeed on the high sea,
1164
01:12:33,760 --> 01:12:35,800
withdrawing more and more
from China,
1165
01:12:35,920 --> 01:12:38,280
for our new home,
Australia.
1166
01:12:39,760 --> 01:12:41,840
Around us the endless sea.
1167
01:12:42,760 --> 01:12:45,920
We see flying fish and sometimes
even sharks.
1168
01:12:47,720 --> 01:12:49,400
The sea is steel blue,
1169
01:12:50,200 --> 01:12:52,680
the top of the waves
shine brilliantly.
1170
01:12:53,760 --> 01:12:56,120
One comes to feel again
like a human being,
1171
01:12:56,320 --> 01:12:57,920
and no longer a refugee.
1172
01:12:59,480 --> 01:13:01,760
Yours, Annie Witting
1173
01:13:02,160 --> 01:13:07,160
[melodic violin and cello]
1174
01:13:30,360 --> 01:13:35,360
[Chinese 1930s pop song]
1175
01:15:44,040 --> 01:15:46,200
Untertitel: TITRA-Wien
90315
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