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Economic future, priority B.
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Get the last line in,
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00:00:29,131 --> 00:00:30,382
be that much more convincing.
4
00:00:38,474 --> 00:00:40,601
This is roll one, sound two.
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00:00:40,642 --> 00:00:43,979
Stand by and action.
6
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In 1980, we said we would
reduce inflation and we have.
7
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We said we would create
new jobs, lower taxes,
8
00:00:50,194 --> 00:00:53,030
and rebuild our
defenses and we have.
9
00:00:53,071 --> 00:00:55,866
But in the next four
years, we must do more.
10
00:00:55,908 --> 00:00:58,827
We must help those who haven't
fully shared in the recovery.
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00:00:58,869 --> 00:01:00,996
We must build a lasting
peace for our young,
12
00:01:01,038 --> 00:01:02,247
security for our aging,
13
00:01:02,289 --> 00:01:05,000
and create millions of new jobs.
14
00:01:05,042 --> 00:01:08,921
We pledged cities of promise,
a countryside of abundance.
15
00:01:08,962 --> 00:01:11,673
I don't think America ever
stops wanting to be better
16
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because Americans are only
satisfied with doing our best.
17
00:01:16,345 --> 00:01:17,679
20 seconds.
18
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How much?
19
00:01:20,224 --> 00:01:22,017
- 57, perfect.
- That was good.
20
00:01:22,059 --> 00:01:23,769
- Perfect.
- That was good.
21
00:01:23,810 --> 00:01:26,063
- Okay.
- Okay.
22
00:01:49,628 --> 00:01:54,341
Ronald Reagan said himself,
if you are not a good actor,
23
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you cannot be a good president.
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And it came to pass,
25
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it absolutely came to pass.
26
00:02:02,516 --> 00:02:04,351
If someone's running
for president,
27
00:02:04,393 --> 00:02:09,481
and they are not willing
to do what an actor does,
28
00:02:09,523 --> 00:02:12,150
look good, read your lines well,
29
00:02:13,110 --> 00:02:14,486
you cannot lead.
30
00:02:16,446 --> 00:02:19,199
There were some strange
aspects to my father,
31
00:02:19,241 --> 00:02:21,743
particularly by
Washington standards.
32
00:02:21,785 --> 00:02:23,829
He was just a very
different kind of person.
33
00:02:23,870 --> 00:02:26,164
He was intelligent,
34
00:02:26,206 --> 00:02:29,084
but at the same
time, it's like, huh.
35
00:02:29,126 --> 00:02:30,836
You know, knowing
him as well as I do,
36
00:02:30,877 --> 00:02:32,421
this is kind of a strange fellow
37
00:02:32,462 --> 00:02:34,756
to be president of
the United States.
38
00:02:38,635 --> 00:02:40,762
You couldn't change
Ronald Reagan.
39
00:02:40,804 --> 00:02:44,933
We just made sure that
he never got off script.
40
00:02:44,975 --> 00:02:48,604
It was our job to protect
him, protect him from himself.
41
00:02:48,645 --> 00:02:51,064
We want
Reagan, we want Reagan.
42
00:02:59,489 --> 00:03:03,243
He was a caricature out
of American culture.
43
00:03:03,285 --> 00:03:05,203
Here's the story as I see it.
44
00:03:05,245 --> 00:03:08,749
A caricature reinforced
by our belief
45
00:03:08,790 --> 00:03:10,876
that what happens
in the mass media,
46
00:03:10,917 --> 00:03:12,294
particularly in the movies,
47
00:03:12,336 --> 00:03:15,130
is more real than real life.
48
00:03:15,172 --> 00:03:18,383
And that was the appeal of
an actor turned president.
49
00:03:19,426 --> 00:03:20,552
I hope you're a good driver,
50
00:03:20,594 --> 00:03:22,638
you know what
you're doing I hope.
51
00:03:22,679 --> 00:03:24,723
Yes, I've been driving
this for quite a while.
52
00:03:24,765 --> 00:03:27,225
You probably got
used to one new.
53
00:03:27,267 --> 00:03:28,769
I don't want to
hurt your feelings,
54
00:03:28,810 --> 00:03:31,980
but this is the
scroungiest jeep.
55
00:03:33,023 --> 00:03:36,985
Ronald Reagan was an
incredible myth maker.
56
00:03:37,027 --> 00:03:42,032
He reinforced a myth of
America that served many,
57
00:03:42,074 --> 00:03:44,701
but actually hurt
many, many people.
58
00:03:52,584 --> 00:03:54,127
Mr. President,
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00:03:54,169 --> 00:03:55,462
the Soviets say that your
position has made it impossible
60
00:03:55,504 --> 00:03:57,964
to meet in Vienna in September.
61
00:04:04,805 --> 00:04:09,351
Well, we would come to
realize that Nancy Reagan
62
00:04:09,393 --> 00:04:13,689
was the most powerful
person behind the president.
63
00:04:13,730 --> 00:04:15,857
She was like the studio head.
64
00:04:15,899 --> 00:04:17,859
She was like the consigliere,
65
00:04:17,901 --> 00:04:21,363
because people around
her were afraid of her.
66
00:04:21,405 --> 00:04:24,700
And she was kind of the
presence over everything.
67
00:04:25,992 --> 00:04:29,663
It was 9% or 8% in the 1970s.
68
00:04:29,705 --> 00:04:33,208
By 1979, it brought
it down to 5%...
69
00:04:35,419 --> 00:04:38,046
...and we are holding it to 7%.
70
00:04:40,924 --> 00:04:42,384
Blow the candle out.
71
00:04:42,426 --> 00:04:43,176
Make a wish.
72
00:04:43,218 --> 00:04:44,720
Make a wish.
73
00:04:47,097 --> 00:04:49,057
And you have to take
the first piece.
74
00:04:49,099 --> 00:04:50,434
Did you bake it yourself?
75
00:04:50,475 --> 00:04:51,560
As a matter of fact, Sam,
76
00:04:51,601 --> 00:04:52,561
since she cut that
one smaller here,
77
00:04:52,602 --> 00:04:54,604
here, take mine, and I'll trade.
78
00:04:54,646 --> 00:04:56,898
No, no, no, no, that's bad luck.
79
00:04:59,151 --> 00:05:01,403
I have learned not to argue
with her superstitions.
80
00:05:03,530 --> 00:05:06,158
So much about the
Reagan presidency,
81
00:05:06,199 --> 00:05:09,536
so much about the
man was mysterious.
82
00:05:09,578 --> 00:05:11,246
People studied Reagan,
83
00:05:12,497 --> 00:05:15,959
biographers, historians,
84
00:05:16,001 --> 00:05:18,420
and nobody ever really
figured him out.
85
00:05:20,589 --> 00:05:24,760
There was this 10%
under the surface
86
00:05:24,801 --> 00:05:27,929
that really very few
people had access to.
87
00:05:29,473 --> 00:05:30,766
In many respects
88
00:05:30,807 --> 00:05:33,435
Ronald Reagan lived
in a world he created.
89
00:05:34,936 --> 00:05:37,606
It's the triumph
of the human mind.
90
00:05:37,647 --> 00:05:39,483
It's the triumph of
the human imagination.
91
00:05:41,735 --> 00:05:44,446
His imagination
was gigantic, okay?
92
00:05:44,488 --> 00:05:46,782
And that was true
throughout his whole life.
93
00:05:46,823 --> 00:05:49,284
The way he portrayed
his own childhood.
94
00:05:49,785 --> 00:05:52,412
The way he had the
marriage with Nancy
95
00:05:52,454 --> 00:05:53,663
was kind of imagination,
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00:05:53,705 --> 00:05:56,249
what the ideal couple
would look like.
97
00:05:58,168 --> 00:06:00,587
It was imagination,
rather than reality.
98
00:06:02,297 --> 00:06:05,050
He saw himself as a hero,
99
00:06:05,091 --> 00:06:07,969
and he was playing
an American hero.
100
00:06:08,011 --> 00:06:09,971
It was a role first
in the movies,
101
00:06:10,013 --> 00:06:11,973
and then as a politician.
102
00:06:12,557 --> 00:06:16,978
Reagan was more than an expert
on this American mythology.
103
00:06:19,022 --> 00:06:23,109
That was based on an America
that really didn't exist.
104
00:06:31,368 --> 00:06:32,160
Do you
actually think of yourself
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00:06:32,202 --> 00:06:33,161
as a politician?
106
00:06:33,203 --> 00:06:34,788
What?
107
00:06:34,830 --> 00:06:36,122
Do you think
of yourself as a politician?
108
00:06:36,164 --> 00:06:37,749
No, ex-actor.
109
00:06:58,019 --> 00:06:59,479
How do you do, everybody?
110
00:06:59,521 --> 00:07:01,147
I'd like to introduce myself.
111
00:07:01,189 --> 00:07:03,108
My name is Ronald Reagan.
112
00:07:03,149 --> 00:07:04,568
A few months ago I
was a sports announcer
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00:07:04,609 --> 00:07:06,319
on a radio station
in Des Moines, Iowa.
114
00:07:09,030 --> 00:07:11,199
One day I ran into one of
these movie talent scouts,
115
00:07:11,241 --> 00:07:12,450
I think I caught him off guard
116
00:07:12,492 --> 00:07:13,910
because the next thing I knew
117
00:07:13,952 --> 00:07:16,496
I was taking a screen test
for Warner Bros. in Hollywood.
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00:07:16,538 --> 00:07:17,706
First picture,
119
00:07:17,747 --> 00:07:18,999
well what do you
think it was about?
120
00:07:19,040 --> 00:07:20,709
A radio station.
121
00:07:20,750 --> 00:07:22,752
In these United States,
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00:07:22,794 --> 00:07:26,172
a man is always innocent until
he is legally proven guilty.
123
00:07:29,384 --> 00:07:31,052
What
was it, Mr. Warner,
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00:07:31,094 --> 00:07:32,470
that caught your eye
125
00:07:32,512 --> 00:07:35,557
when you looked at that
first test of Reagan?
126
00:07:35,599 --> 00:07:38,059
Well, he had his personality
projected in what,
127
00:07:38,101 --> 00:07:42,564
as I term it, off the
screen into the audience,
128
00:07:42,606 --> 00:07:43,732
it comes through.
129
00:07:43,773 --> 00:07:48,194
He had a good smile,
happy delivery,
130
00:07:48,236 --> 00:07:50,071
rather a little
good sense of humor.
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00:07:54,618 --> 00:07:59,372
In those days your Hollywood
life was a confection.
132
00:07:59,414 --> 00:08:01,833
It was something that
gossip columnists created.
133
00:08:10,425 --> 00:08:12,969
That was an era when
there were basically
134
00:08:13,011 --> 00:08:16,806
two reigning queens
of the gossip columns.
135
00:08:16,848 --> 00:08:19,059
Hedda Hopper and
Louella Parsons.
136
00:08:19,100 --> 00:08:22,938
And they really wrote
the story of Hollywood
137
00:08:22,979 --> 00:08:24,439
for the American heartland.
138
00:08:26,524 --> 00:08:29,653
Reagan was often referred
to as a lucky man.
139
00:08:29,694 --> 00:08:32,906
Louella Parsons was
from his small town.
140
00:08:32,948 --> 00:08:35,951
So for Reagan to be
mentioned favorably
141
00:08:35,992 --> 00:08:39,329
or to be written up in a
nationally syndicated column,
142
00:08:39,371 --> 00:08:41,623
it made all the
difference in the world.
143
00:08:46,252 --> 00:08:49,089
Suddenly, this hugely
powerful gossip columnist
144
00:08:49,130 --> 00:08:53,218
latches on to this
good-looking, young guy,
145
00:08:53,259 --> 00:08:56,137
essentially becomes his sponsor.
146
00:08:56,179 --> 00:08:57,764
But it starts, as to my mean,
147
00:08:57,806 --> 00:08:59,808
if you took people
and built them,
148
00:08:59,849 --> 00:09:02,435
exploited them,
and developed them,
149
00:09:02,477 --> 00:09:04,896
as I did with Greta
Garbo, Joan Crawford,
150
00:09:04,938 --> 00:09:07,107
Norma Shearer, and all
of those young women.
151
00:09:07,148 --> 00:09:08,149
You mean
by signing them up,
152
00:09:08,191 --> 00:09:09,275
putting them under contract
153
00:09:09,317 --> 00:09:10,443
and publicizing them?
154
00:09:10,485 --> 00:09:13,321
Well, I think people
shop for stars.
155
00:09:13,363 --> 00:09:14,197
Well, here's to you, Louella.
156
00:09:14,239 --> 00:09:16,157
And to you.
157
00:09:16,199 --> 00:09:18,159
Now I see a great many more
celebrities coming down here.
158
00:09:18,201 --> 00:09:19,661
I'm gonna try and get some
of them up to the microphone
159
00:09:19,703 --> 00:09:20,996
to say hello to you.
160
00:09:21,037 --> 00:09:22,455
I'm sure that you're
going to wanna meet...
161
00:09:22,497 --> 00:09:25,041
In many ways
he was playing himself
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00:09:25,083 --> 00:09:26,668
in almost all of his movies.
163
00:09:28,294 --> 00:09:30,338
He was always the
dependable one,
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00:09:30,380 --> 00:09:32,173
often the best friend
165
00:09:32,215 --> 00:09:34,843
and just had this winning way.
166
00:09:42,851 --> 00:09:47,355
Louella Parsons not only
becomes the stage mother
167
00:09:47,397 --> 00:09:50,150
of Ronald Reagan's career,
168
00:09:50,191 --> 00:09:53,653
but she also becomes
the godmother
169
00:09:53,695 --> 00:09:57,198
of his first marriage
to actress Jane Wyman.
170
00:09:58,742 --> 00:10:02,120
She wanted to bring
Ronnie up to Jane's level
171
00:10:02,162 --> 00:10:04,039
'cause he wasn't as big a star.
172
00:10:04,080 --> 00:10:07,709
So when they're seen out
together, gives him publicity,
173
00:10:07,751 --> 00:10:09,085
which is good for his career.
174
00:10:10,170 --> 00:10:12,839
He was willing to be influenced
175
00:10:12,881 --> 00:10:14,549
and do whatever
she told him to do.
176
00:10:16,760 --> 00:10:20,221
Pretty soon you believe
the Hollywood myth.
177
00:10:37,489 --> 00:10:42,243
He was very assiduous about
editing and shaping his story
178
00:10:42,285 --> 00:10:44,454
until the story
became the reality.
179
00:10:48,500 --> 00:10:50,376
In the '20s, early '30s,
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00:10:50,418 --> 00:10:52,962
he really wanted to
be a football player
181
00:10:53,004 --> 00:10:55,673
because that's how you
became a national hero
182
00:10:55,715 --> 00:10:57,842
if you were a young man.
183
00:10:57,884 --> 00:11:00,428
Problem was he was
blind as a bat,
184
00:11:00,470 --> 00:11:02,847
he was not terribly fast
185
00:11:02,889 --> 00:11:05,350
and was not really
all that large.
186
00:11:05,391 --> 00:11:09,354
So my father never became a
real hero on the grid iron,
187
00:11:09,395 --> 00:11:11,439
but he did get to be a
football leaguer eventually in
188
00:11:11,481 --> 00:11:14,442
"Knute Rockne All American"
where he plays George Gipp,
189
00:11:14,484 --> 00:11:17,529
uh, the famous Notre Dame star.
190
00:11:27,664 --> 00:11:31,960
So when Reagan in that
film could connect himself
191
00:11:32,001 --> 00:11:34,963
to being the hero, George Gipp,
192
00:11:35,004 --> 00:11:38,091
it helped put him in
the American grain.
193
00:11:40,343 --> 00:11:43,721
And he became Ronald
Reagan, All-American.
194
00:11:47,684 --> 00:11:50,353
We're all the heroes
of our own stories.
195
00:11:50,395 --> 00:11:53,106
He was just a little better at
it than most people, I think.
196
00:11:55,859 --> 00:11:58,945
He has appropriated other
American folk tales,
197
00:11:58,987 --> 00:12:01,239
making it difficult at
times to distinguish
198
00:12:01,281 --> 00:12:03,491
between the teller and the tale,
199
00:12:03,533 --> 00:12:06,661
between this one American
and America itself.
200
00:12:07,162 --> 00:12:12,083
That explains Reagan's intimacy
with the American psyche.
201
00:12:12,125 --> 00:12:13,501
He comes at it from within.
202
00:12:21,134 --> 00:12:23,428
It was always interesting to me
203
00:12:23,469 --> 00:12:24,846
in talking with Ronald Reagan
204
00:12:26,514 --> 00:12:29,642
how he sort of referred
and reflected his roots.
205
00:12:29,684 --> 00:12:31,853
Ronald Reagan was
born in this house
206
00:12:31,895 --> 00:12:33,354
on February 6th, 1911.
207
00:12:34,939 --> 00:12:37,317
In his book,
" Where's the Rest of Me? "
208
00:12:37,358 --> 00:12:40,195
he says, "That's where
the whole story began.
209
00:12:40,236 --> 00:12:42,655
My face was blue from screaming.
210
00:12:42,697 --> 00:12:44,991
My bottom was red from whacking.
211
00:12:45,033 --> 00:12:46,534
And my father claimed afterwards
212
00:12:46,576 --> 00:12:47,952
that he was white and shaken.
213
00:12:48,912 --> 00:12:50,371
Ever since my birth,
214
00:12:50,413 --> 00:12:52,707
I have been particularly
fond of the colors
215
00:12:52,749 --> 00:12:55,919
that were exhibited,
red, white, and blue."
216
00:13:02,050 --> 00:13:04,969
Both of his parents
were Roosevelt Democrats
217
00:13:05,011 --> 00:13:07,889
in a fairly Republican
area of Illinois.
218
00:13:10,600 --> 00:13:13,728
The WPA was a big lifeline
for them, actually,
219
00:13:13,770 --> 00:13:14,812
during The Depression.
220
00:13:16,439 --> 00:13:18,733
I think my father's
early liberalism
221
00:13:18,775 --> 00:13:20,818
probably sprang from that.
222
00:13:24,239 --> 00:13:27,909
FDR had put his father
and his brother to work
223
00:13:27,951 --> 00:13:29,327
when they were out of
work in The New Deal,
224
00:13:29,369 --> 00:13:30,578
you were grateful for that.
225
00:13:35,959 --> 00:13:37,585
We were poor.
226
00:13:37,627 --> 00:13:41,381
We had problems when my brother
and I were boys growing up
227
00:13:41,422 --> 00:13:46,135
that seemed insurmountable
to young boys at the time.
228
00:13:47,512 --> 00:13:48,221
You mean your father?
229
00:13:48,263 --> 00:13:49,305
Yes.
230
00:13:49,847 --> 00:13:52,392
A lot has been made
of Jack's drinking
231
00:13:52,433 --> 00:13:54,560
and that he was an alcoholic.
232
00:13:54,602 --> 00:13:58,773
My father kind of pushed
that story a bit himself.
233
00:13:58,815 --> 00:14:01,109
Jack's drinking didn't
sit well with Nelly.
234
00:14:01,609 --> 00:14:04,320
She would give him
hell about this.
235
00:14:04,362 --> 00:14:05,905
I've heard him talk about
236
00:14:08,157 --> 00:14:10,618
Christmases where the
little money that they had
237
00:14:10,660 --> 00:14:14,580
would go to alcohol.
238
00:14:14,622 --> 00:14:16,541
He tells some very
poignant stories about
239
00:14:18,167 --> 00:14:20,628
going out to find his
father in the snow
240
00:14:20,670 --> 00:14:21,963
in the early morning
241
00:14:22,005 --> 00:14:24,299
and pulling him back into
the house unconscious.
242
00:14:35,310 --> 00:14:37,437
In my father's
version of the story,
243
00:14:37,478 --> 00:14:41,107
he, as an 11-year-old
boy, grabs his father,
244
00:14:41,149 --> 00:14:43,401
pulls him into the house
245
00:14:43,443 --> 00:14:45,987
and somehow gets
him onto his feet
246
00:14:46,029 --> 00:14:49,574
and half carries him up this
narrow winding staircase.
247
00:14:50,867 --> 00:14:52,994
I went to see the house,
248
00:14:53,036 --> 00:14:55,663
and I thought about
my 11-year-old father
249
00:14:55,705 --> 00:14:59,000
and his 180-pound dad.
250
00:14:59,042 --> 00:15:02,795
And I thought, he didn't
drag him into the house,
251
00:15:02,837 --> 00:15:05,590
and he sure as hell didn't
get them onto his feet
252
00:15:05,631 --> 00:15:08,676
and, you know, hoist
him up these stairs.
253
00:15:08,718 --> 00:15:09,844
This is a story,
254
00:15:11,471 --> 00:15:14,932
a story in which
Jack barely appears.
255
00:15:14,974 --> 00:15:18,019
Jack is not a subject, he
is an object in the story.
256
00:15:18,061 --> 00:15:20,146
This is a story about my father
257
00:15:20,188 --> 00:15:23,399
and what he would like you to
think is his coming of age.
258
00:15:29,697 --> 00:15:31,824
For Reagan, who
held himself tight,
259
00:15:31,866 --> 00:15:33,326
that is did not disclose
260
00:15:33,368 --> 00:15:35,828
a lot about what
was going on inside,
261
00:15:35,870 --> 00:15:38,039
you'll find this among people
who don't want to open up
262
00:15:38,081 --> 00:15:40,541
or make themselves too
vulnerable to other people,
263
00:15:40,583 --> 00:15:44,712
they use storytelling
to deflect interest
264
00:15:44,754 --> 00:15:48,925
or inquiry into his
personality and psyche.
265
00:15:52,845 --> 00:15:55,765
He trained himself
to ignore the negative
266
00:15:55,807 --> 00:15:57,350
and accentuate the positive.
267
00:16:06,484 --> 00:16:08,111
As the years went by,
268
00:16:08,152 --> 00:16:10,863
Nelly became more
and more religious.
269
00:16:10,905 --> 00:16:13,116
And my father became
part of her church,
270
00:16:13,157 --> 00:16:15,326
the Disciples of Christ.
271
00:16:15,368 --> 00:16:18,788
She was a preacher and healer
272
00:16:18,830 --> 00:16:20,748
and she invested so
much of her own life
273
00:16:20,790 --> 00:16:23,709
and belief systems into her son.
274
00:16:25,169 --> 00:16:26,838
That instilled a belief
275
00:16:26,879 --> 00:16:29,424
in what you could
call magical thinking,
276
00:16:29,465 --> 00:16:32,552
that if you will
it, it will happen.
277
00:16:32,593 --> 00:16:35,847
That you can write
your own story.
278
00:16:35,888 --> 00:16:37,223
And that's what Reagan did.
279
00:16:37,265 --> 00:16:39,934
His whole life created
his own reality.
280
00:16:40,977 --> 00:16:43,271
Johnny, what happened to you?
281
00:16:43,312 --> 00:16:45,773
Nothing, I just changed clothes.
282
00:16:45,815 --> 00:16:47,191
You've enlisted.
283
00:16:47,233 --> 00:16:49,402
You knew it was gonna
happen sooner or later.
284
00:16:49,444 --> 00:16:51,112
You look wonderful
in that uniform.
285
00:16:51,154 --> 00:16:52,280
Not any better than
the rest of the fellas,
286
00:16:52,321 --> 00:16:53,614
we all have the same tailor.
287
00:16:55,783 --> 00:16:59,787
Reagan had joined the
Army Reserve in '37.
288
00:16:59,829 --> 00:17:04,125
Then when war came, he
failed his eye test.
289
00:17:04,167 --> 00:17:06,794
Tell me when
you see just one, one now.
290
00:17:06,836 --> 00:17:08,880
He always was
terribly near sighted.
291
00:17:08,921 --> 00:17:10,965
No, still two.
292
00:17:11,841 --> 00:17:14,510
And he spent the
war in Culver City
293
00:17:14,552 --> 00:17:18,222
making training films, never
left the United States.
294
00:17:18,264 --> 00:17:21,476
He worked under
Pearl Jack Warner
295
00:17:21,517 --> 00:17:23,686
making propaganda films,
296
00:17:23,728 --> 00:17:25,521
Charlie, I'm coming home.
297
00:17:25,563 --> 00:17:29,275
Using his fame to
sell war bonds with his wife.
298
00:17:31,819 --> 00:17:33,321
And action.
299
00:17:34,697 --> 00:17:36,782
Ronald Reagan, aren't
you ashamed of yourself,
300
00:17:36,824 --> 00:17:38,576
robbing from your
own daughter's bank?
301
00:17:38,618 --> 00:17:40,161
What's the big idea, you bandit?
302
00:17:40,203 --> 00:17:41,746
Now, don't fly off
the handle, Jenny,
303
00:17:41,787 --> 00:17:43,122
I'm gonna invest it for her.
304
00:17:43,164 --> 00:17:45,249
United States defense bonds.
305
00:17:45,291 --> 00:17:46,834
And the freedom of this country
306
00:17:46,876 --> 00:17:48,836
is the best thing we can
buy for our children today.
307
00:17:50,671 --> 00:17:52,673
The propaganda films
were important,
308
00:17:52,715 --> 00:17:54,592
but it wasn't fighting.
309
00:17:58,137 --> 00:17:59,805
During World War II,
310
00:17:59,847 --> 00:18:02,683
Jimmy Stewart was a
legitimate war hero.
311
00:18:04,143 --> 00:18:07,355
He left Hollywood,
he went overseas.
312
00:18:08,147 --> 00:18:10,816
He flew a bunch of
combat missions,
313
00:18:10,858 --> 00:18:11,984
was almost killed.
314
00:18:14,028 --> 00:18:17,990
And if you're Ronald Reagan
and you never leave home,
315
00:18:18,032 --> 00:18:20,535
this is hard to take.
316
00:18:22,537 --> 00:18:26,958
To compensate he starts
to merge his own life
317
00:18:26,999 --> 00:18:28,543
with his cinematic life.
318
00:18:31,295 --> 00:18:32,213
You know, I've often wondered
319
00:18:32,255 --> 00:18:33,589
if it's the same
with other people
320
00:18:33,631 --> 00:18:36,884
as it is with me, that the war,
321
00:18:36,926 --> 00:18:39,011
the four years that I
was gone during the war,
322
00:18:39,053 --> 00:18:42,390
seems to have done something
in my own sense of time.
323
00:18:42,431 --> 00:18:44,559
It's as if those four
years were taken out
324
00:18:44,600 --> 00:18:47,061
and then spliced together.
325
00:19:00,616 --> 00:19:03,452
I came back from the service
326
00:19:03,494 --> 00:19:05,496
after the four years
in World War II
327
00:19:06,038 --> 00:19:09,542
and discovered that something
was going on in Hollywood.
328
00:19:10,960 --> 00:19:13,504
Some of the people from
our own FBI made contact
329
00:19:14,880 --> 00:19:17,383
because of what they
saw I was doing,
330
00:19:17,425 --> 00:19:19,719
and I'd become President
of the Screen Actors Guild.
331
00:19:19,760 --> 00:19:22,221
And they came wanting
some findings from me
332
00:19:22,263 --> 00:19:24,849
on people that I had
dealt with and so forth.
333
00:19:24,890 --> 00:19:28,644
And it did give me
a real understanding
334
00:19:28,686 --> 00:19:30,062
of the communist menace.
335
00:19:33,733 --> 00:19:35,818
In the early stages
of the Cold War
336
00:19:35,860 --> 00:19:38,863
the FBI set out under Hoover
337
00:19:38,904 --> 00:19:41,365
to enroll as many
actors as it could
338
00:19:41,407 --> 00:19:44,910
who cooperated with them
during the Red Scare.
339
00:19:44,952 --> 00:19:47,788
And Reagan did
cooperate with the FBI.
340
00:19:48,831 --> 00:19:50,625
He didn't have what I would call
341
00:19:50,666 --> 00:19:54,879
a coherent political philosophy
during any of that time.
342
00:19:54,920 --> 00:19:57,298
He wanted to come out on top
343
00:19:57,340 --> 00:20:00,176
and he would make concessions
so he could come out on top.
344
00:20:00,801 --> 00:20:04,472
He had been
adopted by J. Edgar Hoover
345
00:20:04,513 --> 00:20:08,434
and he became a private
informant for the FBI
346
00:20:08,476 --> 00:20:10,144
at the expense of
his colleagues.
347
00:20:12,521 --> 00:20:15,149
Hollywood was a scary
place to be in those times,
348
00:20:15,191 --> 00:20:18,319
because if you were somebody
who was actually a communist
349
00:20:18,361 --> 00:20:20,237
or who was associated
with a communist,
350
00:20:20,279 --> 00:20:23,199
you couldn't work in Hollywood.
351
00:20:23,240 --> 00:20:26,327
The Screen Actors Guild
became part of the instrument
352
00:20:26,369 --> 00:20:28,704
that enforced the blacklist
353
00:20:28,746 --> 00:20:31,707
and routed the
communist faction.
354
00:20:31,749 --> 00:20:33,376
George
Murphy, Ronald Reagan
355
00:20:33,417 --> 00:20:34,960
and Robert Montgomery
356
00:20:35,002 --> 00:20:37,505
are among the top flight
movie actors testifying before
357
00:20:37,546 --> 00:20:40,007
the House Un-American Activities
Committee in Washington.
358
00:20:42,051 --> 00:20:43,803
You have no
knowledge yourself
359
00:20:43,844 --> 00:20:45,680
as to whether or not any of them
360
00:20:45,721 --> 00:20:48,182
are members of the
Communist Party?
361
00:20:48,224 --> 00:20:51,185
Would you refer to them
as a disrupting influence
362
00:20:51,227 --> 00:20:52,019
within the Guild?
363
00:20:54,230 --> 00:20:57,525
I happen to be very proud of
the industry in which I work.
364
00:20:57,566 --> 00:20:58,859
I have to be very
proud of the way
365
00:20:58,901 --> 00:21:00,695
in which we've
conducted the fight.
366
00:21:00,736 --> 00:21:03,864
I do not believe that the
communist has ever at any time
367
00:21:03,906 --> 00:21:05,866
been able to use the
motion picture screen
368
00:21:05,908 --> 00:21:08,244
as a sounding board for
his philosophy or ideology.
369
00:21:10,162 --> 00:21:13,207
That was politically
skillful on Reagan's part
370
00:21:13,249 --> 00:21:17,336
because he gets his
anti-communism credentials,
371
00:21:17,378 --> 00:21:20,131
stay on J. Edgar
Hoover's right side,
372
00:21:20,172 --> 00:21:21,841
and also not get tagged
373
00:21:21,882 --> 00:21:25,386
with ruining the careers
of his colleagues.
374
00:21:25,428 --> 00:21:29,265
He was willing to do whatever
it took to get ahead.
375
00:21:29,306 --> 00:21:31,684
This was Reagan
at his most slick.
376
00:21:33,477 --> 00:21:35,104
His embroilment
in political affairs
377
00:21:35,146 --> 00:21:36,939
by then were so strong
378
00:21:36,981 --> 00:21:40,526
that his wife Jane Wyman, the
actress, sued for divorce.
379
00:21:40,568 --> 00:21:42,236
His concentration on politics
380
00:21:42,278 --> 00:21:44,238
made home life
impossible, she said.
381
00:21:46,574 --> 00:21:49,452
She was tired of his politics.
382
00:21:49,493 --> 00:21:52,079
She found it an embarrassment.
383
00:21:52,121 --> 00:21:55,124
It alienated her from
the people she liked.
384
00:21:57,334 --> 00:21:59,754
And when her career
started to take off...
385
00:21:59,795 --> 00:22:02,506
And the winner,
Jane Wyman in "Johnny Belinda."
386
00:22:06,051 --> 00:22:08,888
And his was on the down slope.
387
00:22:08,929 --> 00:22:11,932
I think she saw it as
a drag on her career.
388
00:22:15,311 --> 00:22:17,104
That was the first
time I believe
389
00:22:17,146 --> 00:22:22,109
that he'd been really rejected
conclusively by somebody.
390
00:22:22,151 --> 00:22:25,279
And it must've stung terribly.
391
00:22:26,489 --> 00:22:28,282
That made him very wary
392
00:22:28,324 --> 00:22:30,326
about opening his
heart to other people.
393
00:22:32,828 --> 00:22:35,122
This was a low point,
394
00:22:35,164 --> 00:22:38,626
probably the lowest point
in Ronald Reagan's life.
395
00:22:41,337 --> 00:22:44,673
Religiously,
socially, personally,
396
00:22:44,715 --> 00:22:46,467
he really felt a failure.
397
00:23:02,483 --> 00:23:05,903
Hello, so nice
of you guys to be here.
398
00:23:05,945 --> 00:23:07,279
Where should we go?
399
00:23:07,321 --> 00:23:09,824
Right over there.
400
00:23:11,826 --> 00:23:14,328
Now I just wanna
make a voice check.
401
00:23:14,370 --> 00:23:16,330
Let's see.
402
00:23:20,376 --> 00:23:22,503
Did you ever think that you'd
be so much in the public eye
403
00:23:22,545 --> 00:23:23,504
when you were younger?
404
00:23:23,546 --> 00:23:26,340
No, never.
405
00:23:26,382 --> 00:23:28,425
What did
you want to be or do?
406
00:23:28,467 --> 00:23:29,844
I just wanted to be married.
407
00:23:31,387 --> 00:23:33,597
How did
you meet your husband?
408
00:23:33,639 --> 00:23:36,308
We met through Mervyn LeRoy.
409
00:23:36,350 --> 00:23:38,143
She was working on
a picture with him,
410
00:23:38,185 --> 00:23:39,854
he was directing.
411
00:23:39,895 --> 00:23:43,983
I was getting mail addressed
to another Nancy Davis,
412
00:23:44,024 --> 00:23:45,526
was obviously not
intended for me,
413
00:23:45,568 --> 00:23:47,444
and it began to be bothersome.
414
00:23:48,529 --> 00:23:50,447
So I mentioned it to Mervyn,
415
00:23:50,948 --> 00:23:53,868
and he said, "Well,
I know Ronald Reagan
416
00:23:53,909 --> 00:23:55,703
and he's president of
the Screen Actors Guild
417
00:23:55,744 --> 00:23:57,872
and I'm sure that he might
be able to help you."
418
00:23:57,913 --> 00:23:59,415
I don't know whether
she told you this,
419
00:23:59,456 --> 00:24:01,292
but there are four,
420
00:24:01,333 --> 00:24:03,210
we found out there
were four Nancy Davises
421
00:24:03,252 --> 00:24:04,753
connected with this business.
422
00:24:04,795 --> 00:24:07,965
And one of them must have some
rather exotic political ideas
423
00:24:08,007 --> 00:24:09,300
because she began getting
424
00:24:09,341 --> 00:24:12,428
notices and invitations
to meetings.
425
00:24:12,469 --> 00:24:17,725
And " The Daily Worker "
began arriving at her door.
426
00:24:17,766 --> 00:24:21,228
The story involves this
Nancy Davis and the Red Scare
427
00:24:21,270 --> 00:24:22,646
and all of that kind of stuff.
428
00:24:22,688 --> 00:24:24,064
I think she just wanted
to meet Ronald Reagan.
429
00:24:24,106 --> 00:24:25,482
She knew he was single
430
00:24:25,524 --> 00:24:27,234
and thought he was a
pretty handsome guy,
431
00:24:27,276 --> 00:24:29,403
and maybe they could,
you know, hit it off.
432
00:24:29,445 --> 00:24:32,740
Well, Ronnie didn't know me,
433
00:24:32,781 --> 00:24:34,909
but I knew him
from the pictures.
434
00:24:34,950 --> 00:24:36,827
And I thought that
was just a dandy idea.
435
00:24:38,203 --> 00:24:39,580
So Mervyn had him call me,
436
00:24:39,622 --> 00:24:41,081
and we went out to dinner.
437
00:24:41,123 --> 00:24:42,875
We went to see Sophie Tucker,
438
00:24:42,917 --> 00:24:45,044
and after the
first show he said,
439
00:24:45,085 --> 00:24:48,923
"Well, being as you've never
seen Sophie Tucker before,
440
00:24:48,964 --> 00:24:51,467
how would you like to stay
and see the second show?"
441
00:24:51,508 --> 00:24:53,260
And I said, "Fine."
442
00:24:54,511 --> 00:24:56,555
And at 3:00 we
were still watching
443
00:24:56,597 --> 00:24:58,307
Sophie Tucker at Ciro's.
444
00:24:59,475 --> 00:25:01,393
And then we had dinner
the next night.
445
00:25:01,435 --> 00:25:02,645
So it was
love at first sight?
446
00:25:02,686 --> 00:25:03,437
Yes.
447
00:25:06,523 --> 00:25:09,234
I don't think that my mother
was all that interested
448
00:25:09,276 --> 00:25:10,903
in being a professional actress.
449
00:25:10,945 --> 00:25:13,072
She would've taken it,
it would've been fine.
450
00:25:13,113 --> 00:25:15,866
I think she was actually
a pretty good actress.
451
00:25:15,908 --> 00:25:18,077
Jan, I thought you'd
never get here.
452
00:25:18,118 --> 00:25:19,078
Where's Graham?
453
00:25:19,119 --> 00:25:20,704
He's meeting me here.
454
00:25:20,746 --> 00:25:22,206
Looks like a wonderful party.
455
00:25:22,247 --> 00:25:23,707
It would be even better
if it had a host.
456
00:25:23,874 --> 00:25:25,125
It didn't take too long
457
00:25:25,167 --> 00:25:26,794
after she arrived in Hollywood
458
00:25:26,835 --> 00:25:28,963
to find divorced
actor Ronald Reagan.
459
00:25:29,505 --> 00:25:31,757
Just in case
you men haven't noticed
460
00:25:31,799 --> 00:25:33,550
the sports shirt
Reagan is wearing,
461
00:25:33,592 --> 00:25:34,969
take a good look at it.
462
00:25:35,010 --> 00:25:36,428
It's a one-piece affair
463
00:25:36,470 --> 00:25:38,472
called the Ronald
Reagan sports shirt.
464
00:25:40,849 --> 00:25:42,601
He was knocking around
465
00:25:42,643 --> 00:25:45,646
in need of a woman to take
care of him.
466
00:25:45,688 --> 00:25:46,981
I can't
help but wonder
467
00:25:47,022 --> 00:25:49,316
what you young ladies
are thinking about.
468
00:25:49,358 --> 00:25:52,319
I have a hunch that you're
saying, "Lucky colt."
469
00:25:53,654 --> 00:25:56,156
He was now a divorcee.
470
00:25:56,198 --> 00:25:59,952
He was caddying around,
the studio didn't like it.
471
00:25:59,994 --> 00:26:03,664
He finds Nancy, and she's
gonna keep him out of trouble.
472
00:26:03,706 --> 00:26:07,084
And the studio applauds
it, this is the one, right?
473
00:26:07,126 --> 00:26:09,253
And so it's a
business relationship.
474
00:26:12,464 --> 00:26:16,010
When Nancy Davis got
Ronald Reagan to marry her,
475
00:26:16,051 --> 00:26:17,886
and he was really reluctant,
476
00:26:17,928 --> 00:26:21,974
but because they were
pregnant it had to be.
477
00:26:23,142 --> 00:26:27,187
Patti was born seven months
after they got married.
478
00:26:27,229 --> 00:26:30,816
She came out a healthy baby
at seven and a half pounds.
479
00:26:30,858 --> 00:26:34,820
And so it was very,
very hard to pretend,
480
00:26:34,862 --> 00:26:38,157
although Nancy did
try and pretend
481
00:26:38,198 --> 00:26:40,909
that it wasn't a
shotgun marriage.
482
00:26:43,537 --> 00:26:46,999
Part of Nancy's
restructuring of reality
483
00:26:47,041 --> 00:26:51,295
is to say that her daughter
Patti was premature.
484
00:26:51,879 --> 00:26:55,883
She was going to control
as much as she could
485
00:26:55,924 --> 00:27:00,345
of who she was and how she
was presented to the world.
486
00:27:00,387 --> 00:27:01,305
Aside
from your husband,
487
00:27:01,346 --> 00:27:03,390
who is the man that
you admire most?
488
00:27:03,432 --> 00:27:05,350
My father.
489
00:27:05,392 --> 00:27:07,311
Do any
women come to mind?
490
00:27:07,352 --> 00:27:10,773
My mother.
491
00:27:10,814 --> 00:27:14,276
I'm a family type girl.
492
00:27:14,318 --> 00:27:17,571
For the first eight
years of Nancy's life
493
00:27:17,613 --> 00:27:20,365
her mother really
wasn't around that much,
494
00:27:20,407 --> 00:27:23,827
but that didn't fit into
Nancy's fantasy of family.
495
00:27:27,331 --> 00:27:29,792
Edith Luckett was an actress.
496
00:27:30,375 --> 00:27:35,714
She married an automobile
salesman, had Nancy,
497
00:27:35,756 --> 00:27:39,593
but when Nancy was two
years old, they separated.
498
00:27:40,135 --> 00:27:44,515
Edith went back on stage and
left Nancy with her sister.
499
00:27:50,771 --> 00:27:52,606
Underneath all of that
500
00:27:52,648 --> 00:27:55,275
is the idea that I'm
somebody who can be left.
501
00:27:55,317 --> 00:27:58,070
You know, my own mother
can just leave me.
502
00:27:58,112 --> 00:27:59,404
And that's, you know,
503
00:27:59,446 --> 00:28:02,449
I mean, that's a
deep-seated sort of thing.
504
00:28:02,491 --> 00:28:05,702
There was a social
insecurity about Nancy Reagan
505
00:28:05,744 --> 00:28:08,831
and she herself said
she always felt like
506
00:28:08,872 --> 00:28:11,041
a little girl on the
outside looking in.
507
00:28:16,130 --> 00:28:18,215
Oh, well I didn't
mean to neglect you.
508
00:28:18,257 --> 00:28:20,801
No, I didn't mean
to neglect you.
509
00:28:24,471 --> 00:28:27,182
Eventually, Edith wanted
to find herself a husband
510
00:28:27,224 --> 00:28:29,143
and on a cruise over to Europe,
511
00:28:29,184 --> 00:28:31,603
she ran into Loyal Davis.
512
00:28:32,271 --> 00:28:35,774
She was actually about eight
years older than he was,
513
00:28:35,816 --> 00:28:39,528
but, you know, she wasn't
gonna tell him that.
514
00:28:39,570 --> 00:28:41,363
So they became the same age.
515
00:28:43,031 --> 00:28:45,659
Loyal Davis was a
prominent neurosurgeon,
516
00:28:45,701 --> 00:28:48,495
and that gave her a sort of
entr�e into a social class
517
00:28:48,537 --> 00:28:51,331
that had been elusive for her.
518
00:28:53,000 --> 00:28:55,002
Women's ambitions in that era
519
00:28:55,043 --> 00:28:57,504
would play out in their
husband's success.
520
00:28:57,546 --> 00:29:01,341
It was really Edith
who made a point of
521
00:29:01,383 --> 00:29:03,719
getting to know
the right people,
522
00:29:03,760 --> 00:29:08,265
setting the path for this
social trajectory in Chicago.
523
00:29:09,892 --> 00:29:12,603
Loyal Davis was a doctor.
524
00:29:12,644 --> 00:29:15,772
Do you know how many
social steps that is
525
00:29:15,814 --> 00:29:18,525
up from the used
car automobile guy?
526
00:29:20,277 --> 00:29:22,946
She was able to
give Nancy a life
527
00:29:22,988 --> 00:29:24,990
that Nancy wouldn't
have had otherwise.
528
00:29:28,076 --> 00:29:31,330
Nancy absolutely loved her
stepfather, Loyal Davis.
529
00:29:31,997 --> 00:29:37,211
They were close, and he
was nut, a right wing nut.
530
00:29:38,212 --> 00:29:42,507
Loyal Davis was
famously conservative,
531
00:29:42,549 --> 00:29:46,136
famously racist and antisemitic,
532
00:29:46,178 --> 00:29:50,057
but also very charming,
smart, and convincing.
533
00:29:50,807 --> 00:29:56,313
The more liberal Reagan is
brought into this social milieu
534
00:29:56,813 --> 00:30:01,735
where they were imbibing Loyal
Davis' conservative views.
535
00:30:06,240 --> 00:30:08,867
He was able to convince
his son-in-law that
536
00:30:08,909 --> 00:30:12,579
Truman's healthcare plan
was socialized medicine.
537
00:30:12,621 --> 00:30:16,166
And that was only one of
many incremental conversions
538
00:30:16,208 --> 00:30:18,418
from left to right
in Reagan's life.
539
00:30:27,177 --> 00:30:28,303
Our story tonight
540
00:30:28,345 --> 00:30:30,764
asks rather a
disturbing question.
541
00:30:30,806 --> 00:30:33,892
How much do you and I
really know about ourselves?
542
00:30:33,934 --> 00:30:35,602
Are we honest, for instance?
543
00:30:35,644 --> 00:30:37,479
It's only because
circumstances have conspired
544
00:30:37,521 --> 00:30:39,398
to keep us honest.
545
00:30:39,439 --> 00:30:40,816
And if circumstances
were to change,
546
00:30:40,857 --> 00:30:43,110
would we also change?
547
00:30:43,151 --> 00:30:46,613
His film career
started to take a dive.
548
00:30:47,656 --> 00:30:51,451
Now a guy with
responsibilities, a divorce,
549
00:30:51,493 --> 00:30:55,122
two kids from that
marriage, soon another,
550
00:30:55,163 --> 00:30:58,208
and then another kid
in his second marriage.
551
00:31:00,168 --> 00:31:03,797
Yet the tax man was still
coming and collecting his due.
552
00:31:08,510 --> 00:31:12,597
And he just began to
feel beleaguered by that.
553
00:31:12,639 --> 00:31:15,809
And I think in a stressful
time in my father's life,
554
00:31:15,851 --> 00:31:18,270
I don't mean to insult him,
555
00:31:18,312 --> 00:31:20,939
but he relied a little
more on low effort thinking
556
00:31:20,981 --> 00:31:22,649
and became a little
more conservative,
557
00:31:22,691 --> 00:31:24,484
much more conservative in fact.
558
00:31:26,695 --> 00:31:31,116
As Ronald Reagan's movie
career is going down the tubes
559
00:31:31,158 --> 00:31:36,121
and he's becoming more and more
involved in union activities
560
00:31:36,288 --> 00:31:39,041
as the President of the
Screen Actors Guild,
561
00:31:39,082 --> 00:31:43,837
he does one gigantic favor
for his agent Lew Wasserman.
562
00:31:45,672 --> 00:31:48,842
He cuts a deal where his agency
563
00:31:48,884 --> 00:31:52,846
could also produce
television programs.
564
00:31:52,888 --> 00:31:55,807
And it's a blatant
conflict of interest.
565
00:31:55,849 --> 00:31:59,478
No agent could wear the two hats
566
00:31:59,519 --> 00:32:02,230
of employee, as an agent,
567
00:32:02,272 --> 00:32:07,194
and employer as a
production company.
568
00:32:07,235 --> 00:32:10,030
And the Screen Actors
Guild did grant a waiver
569
00:32:10,072 --> 00:32:12,824
to this regulation to MCA.
570
00:32:12,866 --> 00:32:16,828
And of course, that was
a quite unprincipled,
571
00:32:16,870 --> 00:32:18,663
wrong thing to do.
572
00:32:18,705 --> 00:32:20,040
It may
have been wrong,
573
00:32:20,082 --> 00:32:21,541
but as Reagan saw it,
574
00:32:21,583 --> 00:32:24,544
what was good for business
was good for everybody.
575
00:32:24,586 --> 00:32:26,546
At least it was good for Reagan.
576
00:32:28,423 --> 00:32:31,885
When in 1954, MCA
launched the flagship
577
00:32:31,927 --> 00:32:34,638
of its television
production empire,
578
00:32:34,679 --> 00:32:36,390
Reagan was named host
579
00:32:36,431 --> 00:32:40,852
and given a contract worth
over $125,000 a year.
580
00:32:41,436 --> 00:32:43,772
I'm Ronald Reagan speaking
for General Electric.
581
00:32:43,814 --> 00:32:46,733
Lew Wasserman was the key there.
582
00:32:46,775 --> 00:32:49,903
He engineered that
generous contract
583
00:32:49,945 --> 00:32:52,447
and there were a lot of people
who were unhappy with it.
584
00:32:53,490 --> 00:32:55,575
The General Electric contract
585
00:32:55,617 --> 00:32:59,913
was financially a very,
very big deal for them.
586
00:32:59,955 --> 00:33:02,916
Also, not to put too
fine a point on it,
587
00:33:02,958 --> 00:33:06,753
GE gave them a GE house.
588
00:33:06,795 --> 00:33:07,462
Well, the
Reagans have started
589
00:33:07,504 --> 00:33:09,047
to build their new home,
590
00:33:09,089 --> 00:33:11,925
and their home's going
to have full house power,
591
00:33:11,967 --> 00:33:14,261
so they can live
better electrically.
592
00:33:16,972 --> 00:33:20,350
A very cool mid-century
modern house with, of course,
593
00:33:20,392 --> 00:33:23,437
every electrical gadget
you could possibly
594
00:33:23,478 --> 00:33:25,272
cram into this place.
595
00:33:25,313 --> 00:33:26,773
Behind this picture,
596
00:33:26,815 --> 00:33:29,693
inside here is a projection
machine for home movies.
597
00:33:29,734 --> 00:33:30,944
If we want entertainment...
598
00:33:30,986 --> 00:33:33,864
All we do is flick a switch.
599
00:33:33,905 --> 00:33:36,116
There were
lights everywhere.
600
00:33:36,158 --> 00:33:38,702
By turning the knobs
of this dimmer,
601
00:33:38,743 --> 00:33:40,287
we can change the
colors, mix them,
602
00:33:40,328 --> 00:33:41,621
and get different effects.
603
00:33:43,540 --> 00:33:45,292
Eye-catching, isn't it?
604
00:33:45,333 --> 00:33:48,795
Curtains were on this
electrical thing, until it broke
605
00:33:48,837 --> 00:33:51,798
and we just went back
to the usual way.
606
00:33:51,840 --> 00:33:53,508
This is a portable
television set.
607
00:33:53,550 --> 00:33:56,636
Most of the time it's out here
on the patio or by the pool.
608
00:33:56,678 --> 00:33:58,763
With a steady heat,
and the exact timing
609
00:33:58,805 --> 00:34:00,807
of my new automatic skillet,
610
00:34:00,849 --> 00:34:03,226
even a souffl� is
easy and safe to make.
611
00:34:03,268 --> 00:34:05,812
My electric servants
do everything.
612
00:34:05,854 --> 00:34:07,772
That's why every
housewife wants them,
613
00:34:07,814 --> 00:34:10,775
the latest models with
the newest improvements.
614
00:34:10,817 --> 00:34:12,360
Because she knows that
you really begin to live
615
00:34:12,402 --> 00:34:14,070
when you live better...
616
00:34:14,112 --> 00:34:15,280
Electrically.
617
00:34:16,823 --> 00:34:20,243
He was no longer a
grade B movie star.
618
00:34:20,285 --> 00:34:23,079
He became a kind of
living advertisement
619
00:34:23,121 --> 00:34:24,831
for corporate America.
620
00:34:30,629 --> 00:34:31,838
A part of my job now
621
00:34:31,880 --> 00:34:34,174
is, twice a year, going
around the country
622
00:34:34,216 --> 00:34:37,844
to the plant cities, uh,
meeting the employees,
623
00:34:37,886 --> 00:34:40,180
participating in whatever
community functions
624
00:34:40,222 --> 00:34:41,681
are going on in that community
625
00:34:41,723 --> 00:34:43,600
that General Electric
wants to be a part of,
626
00:34:43,642 --> 00:34:46,019
and tries to be a part of.
627
00:34:46,561 --> 00:34:51,024
He went to 39 states,
speaking at 138 plants.
628
00:34:52,567 --> 00:34:54,653
He talked to maybe
200,000 people.
629
00:34:57,697 --> 00:35:00,325
He embraces a notion
of the free market
630
00:35:00,367 --> 00:35:01,952
and it's now working,
631
00:35:01,993 --> 00:35:04,162
and we don't want a government
getting in the way of it.
632
00:35:04,204 --> 00:35:06,206
We don't need
government regulation
633
00:35:06,248 --> 00:35:09,417
and there's Ronnie Reagan
ready to take advantage of it.
634
00:35:11,336 --> 00:35:14,714
What he developed was a pro
corporate view of America.
635
00:35:14,756 --> 00:35:17,676
This was really the political
re-education of Reagan.
636
00:35:21,471 --> 00:35:23,515
You have to remember Reagan was
637
00:35:23,557 --> 00:35:26,184
the liberal head
of a labor union.
638
00:35:26,226 --> 00:35:28,645
And a few years later,
639
00:35:28,687 --> 00:35:31,356
he is arguing on GE's behalf
640
00:35:31,398 --> 00:35:33,233
that they don't
need labor unions,
641
00:35:33,275 --> 00:35:36,069
because of course GE didn't
want to be unionized.
642
00:35:38,947 --> 00:35:41,324
He's working for
this big corporation
643
00:35:41,366 --> 00:35:43,743
and of course, now
he's gonna benefit
644
00:35:43,785 --> 00:35:46,538
if he's in an
anti-labor position.
645
00:35:46,580 --> 00:35:49,374
So it was very
convenient for him
646
00:35:49,416 --> 00:35:51,251
to take these positions.
647
00:35:51,293 --> 00:35:53,253
And he was able to
convince himself of that.
648
00:36:03,722 --> 00:36:07,100
In 1962, after
eight years as GE spokesman
649
00:36:07,142 --> 00:36:08,810
Reagan was fired.
650
00:36:08,852 --> 00:36:10,854
The reasons are unclear,
651
00:36:10,895 --> 00:36:13,481
but at the time,
his producer, MCA,
652
00:36:13,523 --> 00:36:15,275
was facing possible indictment
653
00:36:15,317 --> 00:36:17,152
by the Kennedy
Justice Department
654
00:36:17,193 --> 00:36:18,987
for monopolistic practices.
655
00:36:19,988 --> 00:36:22,073
There was this allegation
656
00:36:22,115 --> 00:36:26,745
that his lucrative job
with GE was a kickback
657
00:36:26,786 --> 00:36:30,165
because of the waiver
that he had granted MCA.
658
00:36:34,669 --> 00:36:37,213
I think he really resented
659
00:36:37,255 --> 00:36:40,425
that he was essentially a target
660
00:36:40,467 --> 00:36:42,802
of the Kennedy
Justice Department.
661
00:36:42,844 --> 00:36:46,139
And that was the last
straw that convinced him
662
00:36:46,181 --> 00:36:47,974
to change his
party registration.
663
00:36:51,353 --> 00:36:53,480
Mrs. Reagan, your husband
used to be a Democrat.
664
00:36:53,521 --> 00:36:55,315
As a matter of fact, I
hear that he once wanted
665
00:36:55,357 --> 00:36:57,442
General Eisenhower to run
on the Democratic ticket.
666
00:36:57,484 --> 00:36:58,610
Yes.
667
00:36:58,652 --> 00:37:00,236
What,
in your opinion,
668
00:37:00,278 --> 00:37:03,323
made him switch from being a
Democrat to being a Republican?
669
00:37:04,366 --> 00:37:07,077
Well, he says that he
didn't leave his party,
670
00:37:07,118 --> 00:37:08,411
his party left him,
671
00:37:08,453 --> 00:37:10,121
that the Democratic
Party of today
672
00:37:10,163 --> 00:37:14,501
is not the Democratic Party
that he joined as a young man.
673
00:37:28,098 --> 00:37:30,642
There was all of this
demonstration and protest
674
00:37:30,684 --> 00:37:34,521
in the '60s from the
anti-Vietnam War demonstrations,
675
00:37:34,562 --> 00:37:36,981
as well as the civil
rights movement.
676
00:37:38,233 --> 00:37:41,277
There were many different groups
coming forward and saying,
677
00:37:41,319 --> 00:37:43,863
"We want
transformational change."
678
00:37:44,364 --> 00:37:47,951
By saying, "The
Democratic Party left me,"
679
00:37:47,992 --> 00:37:50,453
what Reagan's really saying was,
680
00:37:50,495 --> 00:37:52,038
"You're supposed to be the party
681
00:37:52,080 --> 00:37:54,207
of the hard-working
white people,
682
00:37:54,249 --> 00:37:58,128
and if you are elevating
the rights of others,
683
00:37:58,169 --> 00:38:01,715
you're working
against my interests".
684
00:38:06,344 --> 00:38:09,639
And this was something
that presidential candidate
685
00:38:09,681 --> 00:38:11,558
Barry Goldwater also
believed at that time.
686
00:38:11,599 --> 00:38:16,521
And it was part of the
rising tide of conservatism.
687
00:38:17,147 --> 00:38:20,567
And the Republican Party went
more and more to the right.
688
00:38:20,608 --> 00:38:23,737
Reagan really understood
the big picture.
689
00:38:23,778 --> 00:38:26,322
He knew middle America,
690
00:38:26,364 --> 00:38:29,117
and the principles and
values that he embraced
691
00:38:29,159 --> 00:38:31,411
were conservative
Republican principles.
692
00:38:31,453 --> 00:38:32,912
The Goldwater boom
693
00:38:32,954 --> 00:38:35,874
for the presidential
nomination is well underway.
694
00:38:35,915 --> 00:38:38,042
It's been a long time
since the Republicans
695
00:38:38,084 --> 00:38:40,920
have picked an avowed and
militant conservative,
696
00:38:40,962 --> 00:38:42,589
but then it's been a long time
697
00:38:42,630 --> 00:38:44,716
since they've had anyone
who seems to have made
698
00:38:44,758 --> 00:38:47,093
conservatism as
politically attractive
699
00:38:47,135 --> 00:38:49,053
as Senator Goldwater has.
700
00:38:49,095 --> 00:38:52,348
In 1964 Barry Goldwater's
running for president
701
00:38:52,390 --> 00:38:54,684
as this reactionary.
702
00:38:54,726 --> 00:38:58,855
And one of his surrogates at
the time is Ronald Reagan.
703
00:39:01,316 --> 00:39:03,067
It's very important
to understand
704
00:39:03,109 --> 00:39:06,196
just how outside of the
mainstream their ideas were.
705
00:39:06,738 --> 00:39:10,867
They really were tilting
against the notion
706
00:39:10,909 --> 00:39:14,204
of the government should
work for regular people.
707
00:39:14,245 --> 00:39:17,749
They were promoting government
should work for big money.
708
00:39:17,791 --> 00:39:20,752
That's a really extreme idea.
709
00:39:22,921 --> 00:39:25,089
So the question is how
you sell an extreme idea
710
00:39:25,131 --> 00:39:26,174
to the American public.
711
00:39:29,010 --> 00:39:32,806
Late in the campaign, and
we're talking October 1964,
712
00:39:32,847 --> 00:39:35,475
Barry Goldwater knew he
was heading for defeat,
713
00:39:35,517 --> 00:39:37,227
but he wanted to
go down fighting.
714
00:39:37,268 --> 00:39:38,561
And they had to
raise some money,
715
00:39:38,603 --> 00:39:41,397
so they had a
national broadcast.
716
00:39:41,439 --> 00:39:44,526
And Goldwater says,
"Get Ronnie to do it."
717
00:39:44,567 --> 00:39:48,613
So Ronald Reagan, whose
star had never shone
718
00:39:48,655 --> 00:39:51,491
all that brightly as an actor,
719
00:39:51,991 --> 00:39:55,995
suddenly was a rookie star
on the political scene.
720
00:39:56,037 --> 00:39:58,081
A sponsor has been identified,
721
00:39:58,122 --> 00:39:59,999
but unlike most
television programs,
722
00:40:00,041 --> 00:40:03,336
the performer hasn't been
provided with a script.
723
00:40:03,378 --> 00:40:04,671
As a matter of fact,
724
00:40:04,712 --> 00:40:06,339
I have been permitted
to choose my own words
725
00:40:06,381 --> 00:40:09,968
and discuss my own ideas
regarding the choice
726
00:40:10,009 --> 00:40:12,512
that we face in
the next few weeks.
727
00:40:12,554 --> 00:40:14,180
Ronald Reagan stepped in
728
00:40:14,222 --> 00:40:16,140
with the "Time for
Choosing" speech,
729
00:40:16,182 --> 00:40:19,269
which explained what
the conservative vision
730
00:40:19,310 --> 00:40:21,771
for the Republican Party was.
731
00:40:21,813 --> 00:40:24,399
The full power of
centralized government,
732
00:40:24,440 --> 00:40:25,692
this was the very thing
733
00:40:25,733 --> 00:40:28,194
the founding fathers
sought to minimize.
734
00:40:28,236 --> 00:40:31,197
They knew that governments
don't control things.
735
00:40:31,239 --> 00:40:32,991
A government can't
control the economy
736
00:40:33,032 --> 00:40:35,201
without controlling people.
737
00:40:35,243 --> 00:40:37,537
And they know when a
government sets out to do that,
738
00:40:37,579 --> 00:40:41,165
it must use force and coercion
to achieve its purpose.
739
00:40:41,207 --> 00:40:43,042
They also knew, those
founding fathers,
740
00:40:43,084 --> 00:40:45,920
that outside of its
legitimate functions,
741
00:40:45,962 --> 00:40:49,215
government does nothing
as well or as economically
742
00:40:49,257 --> 00:40:52,427
as the private sector
of the economy.
743
00:40:52,468 --> 00:40:56,431
To give a speech in 1964 about
the threat of government,
744
00:40:56,472 --> 00:40:58,308
the threat of welfare,
745
00:40:58,349 --> 00:41:02,020
that's the sort of rhetoric
that aims to scare people.
746
00:41:02,061 --> 00:41:04,814
It became a theme
for Ronald Reagan,
747
00:41:04,856 --> 00:41:06,858
and this became the way in which
748
00:41:06,900 --> 00:41:09,694
the Republican
Party recast itself.
749
00:41:09,736 --> 00:41:12,488
You and I have a
rendezvous with destiny.
750
00:41:12,530 --> 00:41:14,407
We'll preserve for our children
751
00:41:14,449 --> 00:41:16,910
this, the last best
hope of man on earth,
752
00:41:16,951 --> 00:41:18,870
or we'll sentence them
to take the last step
753
00:41:18,912 --> 00:41:21,080
into a thousand
years of darkness.
754
00:41:21,122 --> 00:41:22,582
We will keep them in mind
755
00:41:22,624 --> 00:41:26,044
and remember that Barry
Goldwater has faith in us.
756
00:41:26,085 --> 00:41:28,922
He has faith that you
and I have the ability
757
00:41:28,963 --> 00:41:33,051
and the dignity, and the right
to make our own decisions
758
00:41:33,092 --> 00:41:35,303
and determine our own destiny.
759
00:41:35,345 --> 00:41:36,387
Thank you very much.
760
00:41:44,812 --> 00:41:47,649
He gives this speech
and the phones light up
761
00:41:47,690 --> 00:41:49,108
and the money pours in.
762
00:41:50,193 --> 00:41:53,112
And some people noticed.
763
00:41:53,154 --> 00:41:55,281
Henry Salvatori,
President of a group called
764
00:41:55,323 --> 00:41:57,450
the Anti-Communist
Voters League,
765
00:41:57,492 --> 00:41:59,118
a millionaire from
the oil industry
766
00:41:59,160 --> 00:42:01,120
and a prominent
backer of Goldwater,
767
00:42:01,162 --> 00:42:03,247
told Bill Styles
what happened next.
768
00:42:03,289 --> 00:42:06,125
He made his talk on national TV,
769
00:42:06,167 --> 00:42:09,796
which just was received
throughout the nation
770
00:42:09,837 --> 00:42:11,547
with tremendous enthusiasm
771
00:42:11,589 --> 00:42:14,467
and resulted in
millions of dollars
772
00:42:14,509 --> 00:42:16,427
coming into the campaign.
773
00:42:16,469 --> 00:42:19,847
So we knew that
he had a terrific
774
00:42:21,516 --> 00:42:23,559
capacity to move people.
775
00:42:23,601 --> 00:42:26,479
And shortly after
the Goldwater defeat,
776
00:42:26,521 --> 00:42:28,773
three or four of
us got together,
777
00:42:28,815 --> 00:42:32,819
and we decided that we
had to look for someone
778
00:42:32,860 --> 00:42:34,946
who had the qualifications
779
00:42:34,988 --> 00:42:38,366
that would make him an
electable candidate.
780
00:42:38,408 --> 00:42:41,369
And Ronnie Reagan was
the man we all agreed
781
00:42:41,411 --> 00:42:43,496
would be that particular fella.
782
00:42:45,039 --> 00:42:47,667
This group of
California millionaires,
783
00:42:47,709 --> 00:42:51,212
Justin Dart, Holmes Tuttle,
Alfred Bloomingdale,
784
00:42:51,254 --> 00:42:53,131
what they call the
Kitchen Cabinet,
785
00:42:53,172 --> 00:42:54,966
they needed somebody
who could sell
786
00:42:55,008 --> 00:42:59,178
their free market
ideology, sell their idea
787
00:42:59,220 --> 00:43:01,347
of getting the government
out of their lives,
788
00:43:01,389 --> 00:43:06,060
whether that was lower
taxes or less regulation.
789
00:43:07,812 --> 00:43:10,440
They also had a
common cause with
790
00:43:10,481 --> 00:43:13,735
anti-communism,
anti-civil rights.
791
00:43:14,402 --> 00:43:19,782
And they found in this actor
the perfect front man for them.
792
00:43:20,074 --> 00:43:21,534
Have you
seen my old friend,
793
00:43:21,576 --> 00:43:23,369
Henry Salvatori lately?
794
00:43:24,912 --> 00:43:27,707
I talked to him, uh, Thursday.
795
00:43:30,668 --> 00:43:34,005
They sat down in '65
with Stu Spencer.
796
00:43:34,047 --> 00:43:35,506
And they said to Stu,
797
00:43:35,548 --> 00:43:38,217
"How much would it cost to
run a gubernatorial campaign?"
798
00:43:38,259 --> 00:43:39,343
And Stu says, "I don't
know, I've never won one".
799
00:43:39,385 --> 00:43:41,721
He said, "$2.5, $3
million, I don't know,
800
00:43:41,763 --> 00:43:43,514
say $2.5 million".
801
00:43:43,556 --> 00:43:44,849
And Holmes said,
"Well, gentlemen,
802
00:43:44,891 --> 00:43:46,434
there's 10 of you here.
803
00:43:46,476 --> 00:43:48,519
it's gonna be the most
expensive lunch you ever had.
804
00:43:48,561 --> 00:43:50,730
Pull out the checkbooks,
805
00:43:50,772 --> 00:43:52,398
and write out checks
for $2.5 million".
806
00:43:52,440 --> 00:43:53,691
The election campaign
807
00:43:53,733 --> 00:43:55,693
was run by a political
consulting firm
808
00:43:55,735 --> 00:43:56,778
known as Spencer Roberts.
809
00:43:59,322 --> 00:44:01,491
We were not ideologues.
810
00:44:01,949 --> 00:44:06,621
Our criterion was good
human being, smart,
811
00:44:06,662 --> 00:44:09,916
not too many
scandals, that was it.
812
00:44:09,957 --> 00:44:11,751
And our next meeting
was with Reagan.
813
00:44:15,254 --> 00:44:18,257
People don't understand
what a big gamble it was,
814
00:44:18,299 --> 00:44:20,927
but the guy had
something that we liked,
815
00:44:20,968 --> 00:44:25,264
freshness, articulation,
a belief system.
816
00:44:25,306 --> 00:44:27,642
We said, "You know,
this is, maybe the guy."
817
00:44:29,727 --> 00:44:32,438
As of now, I am a candidate
818
00:44:32,480 --> 00:44:34,607
seeking the Republican
nomination for governor.
819
00:44:36,651 --> 00:44:38,569
To coach Reagan,
Spencer hired a team
820
00:44:38,611 --> 00:44:40,446
of behavioral scientists.
821
00:44:42,657 --> 00:44:44,909
Through his actoral training,
822
00:44:44,951 --> 00:44:47,036
he was used to working
off of cue cards.
823
00:44:47,078 --> 00:44:50,248
So what we did was take
five-by-eight cards,
824
00:44:50,289 --> 00:44:54,418
organize them into a
total of 13 black books
825
00:44:54,460 --> 00:44:56,170
on 17 issues of California.
826
00:44:56,212 --> 00:44:58,840
And it was amazing how he
would take all of them,
827
00:44:58,881 --> 00:45:00,967
not miss anything that we said
828
00:45:01,008 --> 00:45:02,176
and click the things off
829
00:45:02,218 --> 00:45:03,469
like that, one, two, three.
830
00:45:05,179 --> 00:45:06,180
Now, would there be anyone here
831
00:45:06,222 --> 00:45:07,348
who would want to
make a bet that
832
00:45:07,390 --> 00:45:09,392
somebody isn't cooking
up two budgets,
833
00:45:09,433 --> 00:45:12,395
depending on who's going
to wind up governor?
834
00:45:12,436 --> 00:45:15,648
The interesting part
of those meetings,
835
00:45:15,690 --> 00:45:18,442
we were in the living room of
their home in the Palisades
836
00:45:18,484 --> 00:45:23,156
and over there is sitting
Nancy Reagan with the big eyes.
837
00:45:23,656 --> 00:45:27,785
She was very alert
and she was absorbing.
838
00:45:30,204 --> 00:45:32,331
It was politics 101 for her.
839
00:45:32,373 --> 00:45:35,668
She had no idea what her
husband was getting into.
840
00:45:36,961 --> 00:45:38,963
She didn't care about politics.
841
00:45:39,005 --> 00:45:40,840
She didn't have a
political ideology.
842
00:45:40,882 --> 00:45:42,508
She just wanted to help him.
843
00:45:42,550 --> 00:45:44,135
Whatever was good for him,
844
00:45:44,177 --> 00:45:46,012
that's what she was
gonna be promoting.
845
00:45:46,053 --> 00:45:47,847
How do you feel
about that, Mrs. Reagan?
846
00:45:47,889 --> 00:45:50,683
I agree with everything he
says, I always do.
847
00:45:50,725 --> 00:45:55,771
There is absolutely no
question that Nancy Reagan
848
00:45:55,938 --> 00:45:59,984
worked socially to help
her husband politically.
849
00:46:00,026 --> 00:46:02,069
She had seen her mother do it.
850
00:46:02,111 --> 00:46:05,406
She knew how effective it was.
851
00:46:05,448 --> 00:46:07,700
They had such a partnership
852
00:46:07,742 --> 00:46:11,245
that he couldn't have been
who he was without her.
853
00:46:13,998 --> 00:46:18,377
The Kitchen Cabinet wives
ran their social lives.
854
00:46:18,419 --> 00:46:21,756
And Nancy connected
with these women,
855
00:46:21,797 --> 00:46:25,885
in some cases became very
close friends with them.
856
00:46:27,762 --> 00:46:29,472
With her
friend Betsy Bloomingdale,
857
00:46:29,513 --> 00:46:31,891
Nancy Reagan took a
drive out to Lake Malibu
858
00:46:31,933 --> 00:46:32,892
and the Reagan ranch.
859
00:46:35,102 --> 00:46:36,062
Right here.
860
00:46:38,022 --> 00:46:39,482
All my fences need painting.
861
00:46:40,691 --> 00:46:42,485
I really did paint all these,
862
00:46:43,444 --> 00:46:46,197
and Ronnie really
did build them all.
863
00:46:46,239 --> 00:46:48,824
My parents were never
very wealthy, really.
864
00:46:50,618 --> 00:46:53,329
You know, they had this house
because GE built it for them.
865
00:46:53,371 --> 00:46:54,247
You know what I need?
866
00:46:54,288 --> 00:46:55,831
I need some kibble for the dog.
867
00:46:55,873 --> 00:46:57,750
A 25-pound bag?
868
00:46:57,792 --> 00:47:00,503
But a lot of these
other people like Justin Dart
869
00:47:00,544 --> 00:47:02,546
and, you know, and the
Bloomingdales and all,
870
00:47:02,588 --> 00:47:04,882
these were people who
had a lot of money.
871
00:47:04,924 --> 00:47:06,008
You know what, Al?
872
00:47:06,050 --> 00:47:07,134
Name it.
873
00:47:07,176 --> 00:47:08,386
I haven't got any
money.
874
00:47:08,427 --> 00:47:09,262
Sign that.
875
00:47:13,307 --> 00:47:15,476
Appearances are important.
876
00:47:15,518 --> 00:47:18,771
They were paramount
to the Reagans,
877
00:47:18,813 --> 00:47:21,565
and they lived a moneyed life.
878
00:47:21,607 --> 00:47:25,528
But she really got concerned
and she called Holmes Tuttle,
879
00:47:25,569 --> 00:47:29,365
and she cried several
times and said,
880
00:47:29,407 --> 00:47:31,701
"Ronnie and I can't
afford to do this."
881
00:47:31,742 --> 00:47:34,537
And Holmes Tuttle
reassured her and said,
882
00:47:34,578 --> 00:47:37,832
"Don't worry, there's
private money."
883
00:47:37,873 --> 00:47:39,959
And you know, he was right.
884
00:47:40,001 --> 00:47:42,712
They didn't have to worry
from that point forward.
885
00:47:44,505 --> 00:47:46,299
Here she is
in the Galanos showroom,
886
00:47:46,340 --> 00:47:48,301
picking out some clothes.
887
00:47:48,342 --> 00:47:51,470
The only thing she loves
better than picking them out
888
00:47:51,512 --> 00:47:52,972
is wearing them.
889
00:47:53,014 --> 00:47:53,806
That's pretty,
890
00:47:55,099 --> 00:47:56,517
I'd like that in another color.
891
00:47:59,520 --> 00:48:03,024
Don't need a gray dress, but
I'd like it in another color.
892
00:48:03,065 --> 00:48:04,025
So, you're
gonna have to tell me
893
00:48:04,066 --> 00:48:05,651
what you're gonna
need for the fall.
894
00:48:06,319 --> 00:48:09,488
And then we can work a plan,
it's a little difficult
895
00:48:09,530 --> 00:48:11,866
right at this moment, until
I know exactly what you want.
896
00:48:11,907 --> 00:48:14,660
Oh, look,
red.
897
00:48:18,456 --> 00:48:22,793
Any campaign, you're
looking for some thematic.
898
00:48:22,835 --> 00:48:26,172
We were sitting around one
day, two or three top people.
899
00:48:26,714 --> 00:48:30,676
And one of them was a
preacher who came from Texas.
900
00:48:30,718 --> 00:48:35,681
This guy knew people, and his
business is screwing people.
901
00:48:35,973 --> 00:48:39,977
He had a lot of money
in the name of the Lord.
902
00:48:40,019 --> 00:48:43,522
That guy says, sitting
next to me, he says,
903
00:48:43,564 --> 00:48:45,733
"How about citizen politician?"
904
00:48:46,734 --> 00:48:48,611
And I looked at him,
I said, "You got it."
905
00:48:49,570 --> 00:48:51,364
That's where it came from.
906
00:48:51,405 --> 00:48:54,033
Reagan's campaign
as a citizen politician
907
00:48:54,075 --> 00:48:56,202
with common sense
answers to problems
908
00:48:56,243 --> 00:48:58,746
has enormous appeal
in California.
909
00:48:59,872 --> 00:49:01,707
The people have a
definite feeling
910
00:49:01,749 --> 00:49:03,709
that maybe they'd like a change
911
00:49:03,751 --> 00:49:06,420
from the professional
politician.
912
00:49:06,462 --> 00:49:10,299
By that time he's been
on camera for 29 years.
913
00:49:12,760 --> 00:49:17,723
He fuses these two worlds,
image-making and politics.
914
00:49:17,890 --> 00:49:20,226
At age
61, Governor Brown
915
00:49:20,267 --> 00:49:23,104
is trying for an almost
unprecedented third term.
916
00:49:23,145 --> 00:49:25,523
That is his biggest liability.
917
00:49:25,564 --> 00:49:27,358
Brown has a good
record as Governor,
918
00:49:27,400 --> 00:49:29,318
but after eight years in office
919
00:49:29,360 --> 00:49:31,570
he has become a focal
point for discontent.
920
00:49:34,323 --> 00:49:39,412
Sacramento was seen as
being a corrupt place.
921
00:49:39,453 --> 00:49:43,040
So I think that the movie
that Reagan has in his mind
922
00:49:43,082 --> 00:49:45,459
is "Mr. Smith Goes
to Washington".
923
00:49:45,501 --> 00:49:47,711
It's about an outsider
924
00:49:47,753 --> 00:49:50,089
who represents
a breath of fresh air.
925
00:49:50,131 --> 00:49:52,550
I don't think I'm gonna
be much help to you
926
00:49:52,591 --> 00:49:53,926
down there in
Washington, Senator.
927
00:49:55,594 --> 00:49:59,390
I'll do my best
with all my might.
928
00:49:59,432 --> 00:50:02,935
Reagan absorbed himself
into that role completely.
929
00:50:02,977 --> 00:50:05,771
And he believes in
the myths that are
930
00:50:05,813 --> 00:50:08,774
at the root of these characters.
931
00:50:08,816 --> 00:50:10,609
I'm a citizen, I'm
not an office holder,
932
00:50:10,651 --> 00:50:12,611
or a party official.
933
00:50:12,653 --> 00:50:15,364
And I have gone wherever
I've been asked to.
934
00:50:15,406 --> 00:50:17,283
I'll make a speech at a bus stop
935
00:50:17,324 --> 00:50:19,368
if enough people are waiting.
936
00:50:19,410 --> 00:50:21,245
Reagan played the voiceover
937
00:50:21,287 --> 00:50:25,666
for the myth of Good Guy
America, and it worked.
938
00:50:28,169 --> 00:50:30,921
Can Governor
Brown stop Ronald Reagan?
939
00:50:30,963 --> 00:50:34,300
Will California turn to a
Republican governor this year,
940
00:50:34,341 --> 00:50:37,303
or will it continue
with Democrat Pat Brown?
941
00:50:40,723 --> 00:50:42,933
It looks now, at
this early day, like
942
00:50:44,393 --> 00:50:47,313
Mr. Reagan has
won this campaign.
943
00:51:02,077 --> 00:51:06,582
His story was one of
a hero in his mind.
944
00:51:06,624 --> 00:51:08,501
Playing a politician, though,
945
00:51:08,542 --> 00:51:09,752
he got to be that hero.
946
00:51:12,296 --> 00:51:15,216
He could do that by having
wealthy, powerful friends,
947
00:51:18,135 --> 00:51:22,473
but he had always depended
on my mother to be his rock.
948
00:51:22,515 --> 00:51:25,184
She knew he was an
actor at his core,
949
00:51:25,226 --> 00:51:27,061
so she would give
him encouragement.
950
00:51:29,563 --> 00:51:31,273
She was a strong woman.
951
00:51:31,315 --> 00:51:33,859
Presented herself
as the little lady,
952
00:51:33,901 --> 00:51:37,363
but she became a very
much more powerful force
953
00:51:37,404 --> 00:51:38,531
behind the scenes.
954
00:51:43,077 --> 00:51:44,203
He lived in a world,
955
00:51:46,747 --> 00:51:49,875
he didn't need you or me.
956
00:51:49,917 --> 00:51:52,002
He needed Nancy.
957
00:51:52,044 --> 00:51:56,257
He would not have got elected
governor without Nancy,
958
00:51:56,298 --> 00:51:58,133
or president without Nancy.
959
00:52:01,595 --> 00:52:03,847
And I don't find anybody
as close as those two were.
960
00:52:06,767 --> 00:52:08,769
That's the sort of thing
you don't mess with.
961
00:52:17,945 --> 00:52:22,741
727 transit flight to
Sacramento, our state capital.
962
00:52:25,703 --> 00:52:26,912
This charming woman
963
00:52:26,954 --> 00:52:29,498
flying over the land she loves,
964
00:52:29,540 --> 00:52:33,085
no longer gets mail meant for
three other Nancy Davises.
965
00:52:33,127 --> 00:52:36,046
She long ago left the
world of the Nancy Davises.
966
00:52:36,088 --> 00:52:39,091
She's now the one and
only Nancy Reagan,
967
00:52:39,133 --> 00:52:40,759
First Lady of California.
968
00:52:44,138 --> 00:52:47,141
California,
what a wonderful state.
969
00:52:47,182 --> 00:52:50,144
I think if I had to choose the
one thing that I love best,
970
00:52:50,185 --> 00:52:52,730
it would be the place in a
state where there's water.
971
00:52:52,771 --> 00:52:54,982
The lakes are lovely of course,
972
00:52:55,024 --> 00:52:56,442
but there's nothing in the
world like the beaches.
973
00:53:00,654 --> 00:53:02,906
Call me sentimental
if you want to,
974
00:53:02,948 --> 00:53:04,742
but the song says it all
975
00:53:04,783 --> 00:53:07,870
and I still get a lump in
my throat when I hear it,
976
00:53:07,911 --> 00:53:11,582
"America the beautiful,
from sea to shining sea."
977
00:53:11,632 --> 00:53:16,182
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