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Mammals long ago invaded
every habitat on Earth.
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00:00:43,200 --> 00:00:47,520
But as our world changes,
so must they.
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00:00:56,480 --> 00:00:58,640
With every new challenge...
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00:01:00,040 --> 00:01:02,280
..comes a new opportunity.
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00:01:10,040 --> 00:01:13,560
And mammals have always been
quick to exploit them.
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00:01:25,720 --> 00:01:29,600
These daring sea lions in Chile
have become regulars
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00:01:29,600 --> 00:01:31,080
at the fish markets.
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00:01:50,400 --> 00:01:52,000
With great ingenuity...
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00:01:53,840 --> 00:01:56,480
..and a little courage,
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00:01:56,480 --> 00:02:00,240
they have found a space
for themselves
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00:02:00,240 --> 00:02:02,320
in today's...
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00:02:02,320 --> 00:02:04,240
..new wild.
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00:02:15,440 --> 00:02:19,040
But not everyone
necessarily welcomes them.
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00:02:28,600 --> 00:02:31,920
Dogs patrol these beaches.
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00:02:41,240 --> 00:02:45,560
Our oceans are becoming
increasingly overfished...
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00:02:47,040 --> 00:02:52,160
..and these sea lions
are looking for an easy meal.
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00:02:57,040 --> 00:03:01,200
But with around two million
stray dogs in Chile,
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00:03:01,200 --> 00:03:04,360
visiting these beaches,
for a sea lion...
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00:03:05,480 --> 00:03:07,960
..is becoming rather dangerous.
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00:03:14,080 --> 00:03:17,000
Sea lions are not used
to this sort of threat.
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00:03:30,000 --> 00:03:33,280
Dogs may be domesticated,
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00:03:33,280 --> 00:03:36,000
but their pack instinct
is still strong.
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00:03:57,160 --> 00:04:01,160
They tackle the sea lions
one at a time.
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00:04:28,720 --> 00:04:31,600
Eventually,
they force the sea lions
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00:04:31,600 --> 00:04:33,320
back towards the sea.
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00:04:56,000 --> 00:04:58,520
But all is not lost.
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00:05:02,680 --> 00:05:05,280
The sea lions are familiar
with the sound
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00:05:05,280 --> 00:05:07,880
of these trolley wheels,
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00:05:07,880 --> 00:05:11,280
and know it will be worthwhile
to follow.
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00:05:26,880 --> 00:05:30,800
Leftovers from the markets
are thrown back into the sea.
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00:05:45,440 --> 00:05:48,080
For many wild mammals,
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00:05:48,080 --> 00:05:52,680
surviving in the modern world
requires a mixture
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00:05:52,680 --> 00:05:54,560
of ingenuity,
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00:05:54,560 --> 00:05:57,120
adaptability,
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00:05:57,120 --> 00:06:00,840
and a helping hand from us.
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00:06:08,080 --> 00:06:10,800
Humans have
profoundly changed
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00:06:10,800 --> 00:06:13,760
three-quarters
of the Earth's surface.
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00:06:17,600 --> 00:06:21,240
And the fastest growing
of these new habitats
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00:06:21,240 --> 00:06:22,960
are our cities.
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00:06:25,560 --> 00:06:27,280
Singapore.
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00:06:27,280 --> 00:06:29,080
A bustling metropolis.
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00:06:31,440 --> 00:06:35,200
Home to a group
of very enterprising mammals.
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00:06:47,280 --> 00:06:50,000
This is the Zouk family,
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00:06:50,000 --> 00:06:54,440
named after a nightclub
where they were first noticed.
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00:06:58,680 --> 00:07:01,160
They are smooth-coated otters,
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00:07:01,160 --> 00:07:05,880
and they hold one of the city's
most sought-after territories.
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00:07:10,440 --> 00:07:11,960
But to keep it,
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00:07:11,960 --> 00:07:14,680
they have to be
constantly on patrol.
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00:07:29,360 --> 00:07:32,200
17 otter families
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00:07:32,200 --> 00:07:34,800
live on Singapore Island.
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00:07:38,680 --> 00:07:40,840
Scent-marking
warns other groups
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to keep their distance.
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00:07:45,520 --> 00:07:50,480
Otters were absent from
Singapore for some 30 years,
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00:07:50,480 --> 00:07:53,280
but after
a countrywide clean-up,
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00:07:53,280 --> 00:07:55,720
they are now back,
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00:07:55,720 --> 00:08:00,520
and the urban waterways
are once again full of life.
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00:08:16,080 --> 00:08:19,040
But in holding
this most central territory...
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00:08:21,120 --> 00:08:24,600
..the Zouk family face
a daily danger.
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00:08:39,640 --> 00:08:43,160
One wrong move could be fatal.
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00:08:56,480 --> 00:09:00,160
Thanks to a helping hand,
most get across.
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00:09:09,120 --> 00:09:11,960
But two have been separated.
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00:09:31,040 --> 00:09:33,520
One of the stragglers tries
his luck...
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..and makes it.
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00:10:01,960 --> 00:10:04,520
But one has been left behind.
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00:10:07,440 --> 00:10:09,600
Unaware of the split,
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00:10:09,600 --> 00:10:12,520
the family continues
its patrol.
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00:10:25,720 --> 00:10:27,000
The separated one...
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00:10:27,000 --> 00:10:32,120
..is now vulnerable to attack
from other otter clans.
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00:10:42,360 --> 00:10:46,080
A family can travel six miles
in a day.
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00:10:52,720 --> 00:10:56,440
By now, his could be
almost anywhere.
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00:11:18,320 --> 00:11:22,200
His calls are drowned out
by the sounds of the city.
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00:11:33,280 --> 00:11:38,080
He revisits places along
the family's regular route.
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00:11:43,680 --> 00:11:46,960
But he's always too late.
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00:11:55,200 --> 00:11:57,640
Even his family's scent
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00:11:57,640 --> 00:12:01,280
is masked by the smells of
city life.
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00:12:11,240 --> 00:12:12,960
He is lost.
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00:12:17,440 --> 00:12:19,840
He will have to brave
the night alone...
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00:12:21,160 --> 00:12:23,840
..without the protection
of his family.
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00:12:35,360 --> 00:12:38,640
But in the quiet of the dawn...
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00:12:40,240 --> 00:12:43,880
..the sounds of his clan
carry down the river.
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00:13:06,880 --> 00:13:09,640
Reunited with his family,
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00:13:09,640 --> 00:13:12,280
he is safe again.
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00:13:26,040 --> 00:13:28,480
Mammals, with their
great intelligence,
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have found ways
of living alongside us
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00:13:32,120 --> 00:13:34,000
in the most unexpected
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00:13:34,000 --> 00:13:35,440
of places.
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00:13:45,320 --> 00:13:49,280
But in Zimbabwe,
on the banks of Victoria Falls,
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sharing space has become a
particularly formidable challenge.
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00:13:58,400 --> 00:14:00,400
In the last 50 years,
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00:14:00,400 --> 00:14:03,200
a sizeable town has grown up here.
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00:14:18,280 --> 00:14:20,920
Elephants have learnt
to stay away
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00:14:20,920 --> 00:14:22,800
during daylight hours.
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00:14:30,400 --> 00:14:32,720
But as night falls,
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00:14:32,720 --> 00:14:35,400
and the streets go quiet,
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00:14:35,400 --> 00:14:37,200
they return.
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00:14:46,080 --> 00:14:48,640
Led by the matriarch,
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these are the routes
that the family may have used
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00:14:52,280 --> 00:14:54,480
long before the town was built.
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00:14:58,720 --> 00:15:02,240
Tonight, they pass through
in silence...
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00:15:03,520 --> 00:15:06,440
..unnoticed by the
human inhabitants.
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00:15:17,440 --> 00:15:19,880
But a gang of bull elephants
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00:15:19,880 --> 00:15:22,840
have followed the family
into town.
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00:15:26,680 --> 00:15:28,440
And these rowdy males
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00:15:28,440 --> 00:15:31,480
find it rather harder
to keep a low profile.
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00:15:41,680 --> 00:15:46,120
They've discovered how
to get water from garden taps.
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00:15:51,000 --> 00:15:53,880
Their size, brashness
and curiosity
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00:15:53,880 --> 00:15:57,560
can lead to serious
confrontations with humans.
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00:16:13,000 --> 00:16:15,640
With the bulls having revealed
their presence,
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00:16:15,640 --> 00:16:19,680
the whole group collects
as much food as they can
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00:16:19,680 --> 00:16:21,640
before being driven
out of town.
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00:16:33,280 --> 00:16:36,760
This time, they're rather
less subtle in their approach.
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00:16:44,800 --> 00:16:47,280
Their huge appetites
can make them
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00:16:47,280 --> 00:16:49,200
very demanding visitors.
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00:16:59,480 --> 00:17:02,720
Fortunately for the herd,
these townsfolk
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00:17:02,720 --> 00:17:06,280
don't resent the destruction
caused tonight.
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00:17:18,880 --> 00:17:22,320
Both humans and elephants
are trying to work out
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00:17:22,320 --> 00:17:25,280
how to share the same place
in safety.
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00:17:32,720 --> 00:17:35,160
But the family have pressed
their luck far enough
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00:17:35,160 --> 00:17:36,600
for one night...
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00:17:40,840 --> 00:17:43,360
..and the matriarch
leads them back
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00:17:43,360 --> 00:17:45,240
to the cover of the bush.
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00:17:54,280 --> 00:17:56,520
It's not just the growth of towns
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that is reshaping
the face of the planet.
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00:18:01,600 --> 00:18:05,800
Today, almost half
of the world's habitable land
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00:18:05,800 --> 00:18:08,240
is being used for agriculture.
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00:18:15,880 --> 00:18:20,360
Across Southeast Asia,
vast palm oil plantations
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00:18:20,360 --> 00:18:23,320
are replacing
once-pristine forest.
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00:18:28,200 --> 00:18:30,640
At first sight,
it seems that little else
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00:18:30,640 --> 00:18:32,920
is allowed to live in them.
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00:18:38,240 --> 00:18:40,160
But here in Malaysia,
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00:18:40,160 --> 00:18:42,360
one resourceful group
of mammals
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has started to visit
these plantations.
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00:18:56,960 --> 00:18:58,960
Pig-tailed macaques.
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00:19:04,280 --> 00:19:07,080
The family is teaching
their youngest member
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00:19:07,080 --> 00:19:08,760
what is good to eat...
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00:19:11,640 --> 00:19:14,440
..starting with fruit
and seeds.
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00:19:16,600 --> 00:19:20,000
But they're about to introduce
this youngster
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00:19:20,000 --> 00:19:22,760
to a less obvious meal...
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00:19:31,360 --> 00:19:33,600
..if they can find it.
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00:19:57,640 --> 00:19:59,360
A wood rat.
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00:20:06,360 --> 00:20:09,920
The rats are fast
and good at hiding...
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00:20:11,720 --> 00:20:14,680
..but the family have
worked out how to catch them.
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00:20:20,720 --> 00:20:24,000
The rodents nest
high in the palm trees,
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00:20:24,000 --> 00:20:26,280
and the family have discovered
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00:20:26,280 --> 00:20:28,480
that this is the place
to find them.
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00:20:34,160 --> 00:20:37,760
They flush them out
of their hiding places.
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00:20:54,000 --> 00:20:57,400
The alpha male watches
from below...
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00:21:03,840 --> 00:21:07,720
..as fleeing rats rain down
around him.
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00:21:12,240 --> 00:21:15,000
He picks them off one by one.
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00:21:46,240 --> 00:21:51,640
Over 3,000 rats are caught
by the macaques each year...
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00:22:12,480 --> 00:22:16,560
..an unexpected element
in the diet of animals
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00:22:16,560 --> 00:22:19,800
that are often thought of
as vegetarians.
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00:22:25,720 --> 00:22:27,680
The ability of mammals
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00:22:27,680 --> 00:22:30,280
to take new opportunities
as they occur
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00:22:30,280 --> 00:22:33,960
and pass their skills
down through the generations
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has been key to their survival.
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00:22:39,960 --> 00:22:42,160
But in a rapidly changing world,
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00:22:42,160 --> 00:22:45,480
not all mammals have
enough time to adapt.
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00:22:49,440 --> 00:22:52,040
As farming intensifies
across the world,
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00:22:52,040 --> 00:22:57,200
it commandeers more and more
of a diminishing resource.
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00:22:59,440 --> 00:23:03,240
Today, 70% of the fresh water
used globally
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goes straight into agriculture.
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Around 4,000 litres of water
are needed
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to produce just 1kg of rice.
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00:23:15,640 --> 00:23:19,560
In Tanzania, the Katuma River
has been diverted
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to irrigate rice fields...
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00:23:24,520 --> 00:23:26,880
..but this hinders it
from reaching
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a neighbouring national park.
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00:23:34,160 --> 00:23:38,240
Now, for over a month
during each dry season,
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the river here disappears.
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The hippos are forced to share
the last remaining pools
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with animals of all kinds.
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00:24:06,840 --> 00:24:09,320
As the water shrinks...
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00:24:10,760 --> 00:24:14,520
..feeding and drinking becomes
more and more frenzied.
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00:24:48,720 --> 00:24:53,040
This dominant male hippo
is forced to share
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what little space is left.
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00:25:00,800 --> 00:25:05,200
His tolerance of others
diminishes with the water.
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00:25:24,200 --> 00:25:28,280
The dry season continues
to tighten its grip.
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00:25:30,920 --> 00:25:33,320
The birds can leave
if they so wish,
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00:25:33,320 --> 00:25:36,840
and the crocodiles can
bury themselves in the mud
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00:25:36,840 --> 00:25:38,400
to wait it out.
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00:25:40,120 --> 00:25:44,560
But hippos are trapped
in ever-shrinking pools
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00:25:44,560 --> 00:25:46,440
and struggle to keep cool.
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00:25:50,240 --> 00:25:53,120
The large males
who once fought one another
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00:25:53,120 --> 00:25:55,440
for the rights
to the drying mud
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are now forced together.
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00:25:58,840 --> 00:26:03,360
The dominant male, nonetheless,
remains constantly on guard.
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00:26:06,680 --> 00:26:08,800
But with every day that passes,
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00:26:08,800 --> 00:26:12,160
things become even more tense.
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00:26:25,240 --> 00:26:29,880
A hippo from a rival group
wanders across the plains
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00:26:29,880 --> 00:26:31,480
in search of water.
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00:26:41,040 --> 00:26:44,120
But new arrivals here
are not welcome.
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00:26:51,840 --> 00:26:54,080
His cautious approach
doesn't go unnoticed
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by the dominant bull.
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00:27:11,520 --> 00:27:14,520
For the newcomer, this pool
could be the difference
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00:27:14,520 --> 00:27:17,480
between life and death.
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00:27:25,240 --> 00:27:28,360
But the dominant bull
does not want to share.
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00:28:12,600 --> 00:28:15,440
The challenger is no match.
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00:28:20,240 --> 00:28:22,440
He's forced to return
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00:28:22,440 --> 00:28:25,360
to the crushing heat
of the plains...
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00:28:26,480 --> 00:28:30,200
..while the victor continues
to defend his claim
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00:28:30,200 --> 00:28:32,000
to a place in the pool.
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00:28:35,400 --> 00:28:37,080
He may have won this fight,
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00:28:37,080 --> 00:28:40,480
but the battle
for the future of his river
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00:28:40,480 --> 00:28:42,760
lies beyond his control,
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00:28:42,760 --> 00:28:47,800
as agriculture claims more and more
of the world's water.
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00:28:53,280 --> 00:28:56,000
Today, very little of the
natural world
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00:28:56,000 --> 00:28:58,920
remains beyond our influence.
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00:29:01,120 --> 00:29:04,760
Some mammals go
to extreme lengths to avoid us
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00:29:04,760 --> 00:29:08,480
by living in places
where humans themselves
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00:29:08,480 --> 00:29:10,440
fear to tread.
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00:29:22,000 --> 00:29:25,000
Near the frontier
between Israel and Syria
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00:29:25,000 --> 00:29:29,600
lies a reminder of a fierce
six-day war.
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00:29:32,920 --> 00:29:36,640
Here in the Golan Heights,
around 2,000 fields
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00:29:36,640 --> 00:29:39,280
full of unexploded mines
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00:29:39,280 --> 00:29:43,240
have lain in wait
for more than 50 years.
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00:29:47,920 --> 00:29:51,560
But astonishingly,
life manages to continue.
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00:29:57,240 --> 00:29:59,440
Wild boar.
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00:29:59,440 --> 00:30:02,520
It's thought that their acute
sense of smell
220
00:30:02,520 --> 00:30:05,480
enables them to detect
the explosive material
221
00:30:05,480 --> 00:30:07,160
in land mines.
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00:30:11,040 --> 00:30:14,280
And it could be this
that allows them to find
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00:30:14,280 --> 00:30:16,680
a safe path through danger.
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00:30:20,840 --> 00:30:22,320
And they're not alone.
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00:30:28,760 --> 00:30:30,200
Wolves.
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00:30:35,080 --> 00:30:38,440
They, too, have
an acute sense of smell...
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00:30:39,880 --> 00:30:42,480
..and even manage
to raise their families here.
228
00:30:46,160 --> 00:30:48,640
Elsewhere, they could be
shot on sight,
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00:30:48,640 --> 00:30:52,240
but here the land mines
keep humans away.
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00:30:56,440 --> 00:30:59,000
But the growing wolf pack
needs to eat.
231
00:31:01,920 --> 00:31:05,760
And even for those with
the most sophisticated noses...
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00:31:07,320 --> 00:31:11,920
..high-speed chases are best
conducted outside a minefield.
233
00:31:15,160 --> 00:31:17,440
They only leave their sanctuary
234
00:31:17,440 --> 00:31:19,480
under the cover of darkness.
235
00:31:25,680 --> 00:31:29,000
As the sun sets,
the call goes out.
236
00:31:58,080 --> 00:32:01,560
Now, outside the protection
of the minefields,
237
00:32:01,560 --> 00:32:05,080
they are at risk
from human hunters...
238
00:32:07,320 --> 00:32:10,560
..and must get something
to eat as quickly as possible.
239
00:32:27,960 --> 00:32:30,720
It's even worth
tackling a porcupine,
240
00:32:30,720 --> 00:32:32,960
in spite of its prickly defences.
241
00:32:37,720 --> 00:32:39,600
But wild boar...
242
00:32:41,320 --> 00:32:42,920
..make for easier prey.
243
00:32:55,520 --> 00:32:57,840
As dawn arrives,
244
00:32:57,840 --> 00:32:59,800
the pack heads back
245
00:32:59,800 --> 00:33:03,240
to the comparative safety
of the minefields.
246
00:33:08,960 --> 00:33:12,520
These wolves have discovered
an extraordinary way
247
00:33:12,520 --> 00:33:14,640
to keep their families safe...
248
00:33:17,680 --> 00:33:22,160
..protected by the mines
that keep humans away.
249
00:33:42,880 --> 00:33:45,000
Over the past 50 years,
250
00:33:45,000 --> 00:33:47,840
some wildlife populations
have declined
251
00:33:47,840 --> 00:33:50,680
by an average of almost 70%.
252
00:33:55,400 --> 00:33:58,440
But our impact started
much earlier than this.
253
00:34:01,520 --> 00:34:04,360
The prairies of the
American Wild West
254
00:34:04,360 --> 00:34:07,640
were once home to one of the
greatest assemblies
255
00:34:07,640 --> 00:34:09,080
of mammals on Earth.
256
00:34:12,000 --> 00:34:13,520
But human settlers
257
00:34:13,520 --> 00:34:16,280
reduced their numbers
from tens of millions...
258
00:34:17,400 --> 00:34:19,080
..to almost none.
259
00:34:26,680 --> 00:34:29,640
Today, however, they are back.
260
00:34:41,360 --> 00:34:43,120
Buffalo.
261
00:34:43,120 --> 00:34:45,720
This iconic American animal...
262
00:34:46,880 --> 00:34:48,560
..also called bison,
263
00:34:48,560 --> 00:34:51,040
has returned to the prairies.
264
00:34:54,520 --> 00:34:57,560
Once a year, the males assemble.
265
00:34:59,520 --> 00:35:03,240
They have been attracted
by the females,
266
00:35:03,240 --> 00:35:06,920
who, for a few short weeks,
are fertile.
267
00:35:11,640 --> 00:35:14,240
The males fight for dominance.
268
00:35:22,960 --> 00:35:27,120
The winners will father
the most calves.
269
00:35:33,000 --> 00:35:35,760
Each success will help
to increase
270
00:35:35,760 --> 00:35:37,720
the numbers on the plains.
271
00:36:10,720 --> 00:36:15,360
But the return of the buffalo
has not been entirely natural.
272
00:36:18,000 --> 00:36:21,280
It's been helped and managed
by humans.
273
00:36:24,720 --> 00:36:27,120
At the end of the rutting season,
274
00:36:27,120 --> 00:36:30,800
while they're still together,
the buffalo are rounded up.
275
00:36:39,040 --> 00:36:40,600
Checked over and counted,
276
00:36:40,600 --> 00:36:43,040
a small proportion
are separated
277
00:36:43,040 --> 00:36:45,080
for human beings to eat
278
00:36:45,080 --> 00:36:46,720
and to start new herds.
279
00:36:54,000 --> 00:36:56,160
Today, measured by weight,
280
00:36:56,160 --> 00:36:59,680
less than 6% of mammals
in the world
281
00:36:59,680 --> 00:37:01,360
are truly wild.
282
00:37:04,880 --> 00:37:07,440
The other 94%
283
00:37:07,440 --> 00:37:10,440
are our livestock, our pets...
284
00:37:10,440 --> 00:37:12,240
..and ourselves.
285
00:37:16,800 --> 00:37:20,720
As these buffalo wander free
for most of the year,
286
00:37:20,720 --> 00:37:26,400
this managed reintroduction is
perhaps a middle ground.
287
00:37:30,000 --> 00:37:33,640
Half a million now graze
these plains once again.
288
00:37:36,680 --> 00:37:40,480
We understand the importance
of space for mammals,
289
00:37:40,480 --> 00:37:43,160
and have created
protected areas for them
290
00:37:43,160 --> 00:37:45,320
all across the globe.
291
00:37:53,680 --> 00:37:58,720
Africa is home to some of the most
loved of all wild mammals.
292
00:38:06,600 --> 00:38:09,440
Amongst them, the cheetah.
293
00:38:11,320 --> 00:38:15,240
With only around 7,000
left in the wild,
294
00:38:15,240 --> 00:38:18,640
protecting their habitat
has become critical.
295
00:38:21,120 --> 00:38:24,720
These cubs will spend the first
18 months of their lives
296
00:38:24,720 --> 00:38:26,440
with their mother,
297
00:38:26,440 --> 00:38:29,600
learning from her and living
under her protection.
298
00:38:33,840 --> 00:38:37,760
But only an estimated
1 in 20 cheetah born
299
00:38:37,760 --> 00:38:39,960
will survive to adulthood.
300
00:38:46,480 --> 00:38:49,080
This mother needs to hunt
almost daily
301
00:38:49,080 --> 00:38:50,960
to feed her growing family.
302
00:38:53,880 --> 00:38:56,440
But with four cubs trailing her,
303
00:38:56,440 --> 00:38:58,320
she's easily spotted.
304
00:39:03,000 --> 00:39:05,960
Cheetah are the fastest mammal.
305
00:39:10,400 --> 00:39:14,760
For their high-speed chases,
they need open grasslands.
306
00:39:33,080 --> 00:39:37,760
But the backdrop
to their lives has changed.
307
00:40:17,040 --> 00:40:20,760
With an estimated
69 million visitors
308
00:40:20,760 --> 00:40:23,680
to protected sites in Africa
each year...
309
00:40:25,800 --> 00:40:30,160
..parts of the wilderness
are becoming overcrowded.
310
00:40:41,240 --> 00:40:45,120
There is pressure to get
the best view of the kill.
311
00:41:17,480 --> 00:41:19,840
As the predators start to hunt...
312
00:41:21,160 --> 00:41:22,840
..so do the cars.
313
00:41:25,440 --> 00:41:28,160
Wildlife experts studying
the cheetahs
314
00:41:28,160 --> 00:41:31,680
recommend that there should be
no more than five vehicles
315
00:41:31,680 --> 00:41:33,680
to each sighting.
316
00:41:36,520 --> 00:41:40,080
Over 70 cars now encircle this kill.
317
00:41:45,080 --> 00:41:46,960
Tourism has become essential
318
00:41:46,960 --> 00:41:49,800
to fund the protection
of wild areas.
319
00:41:51,680 --> 00:41:54,040
Without the revenue
that comes from it,
320
00:41:54,040 --> 00:41:58,000
this park and its cheetah
would simply not be here.
321
00:42:03,400 --> 00:42:06,960
But having an assembly
this size and this close
322
00:42:06,960 --> 00:42:09,080
comes at a cost.
323
00:42:17,680 --> 00:42:20,280
More of the cheetah's
hunts fail,
324
00:42:20,280 --> 00:42:23,480
and more of their kills
are abandoned.
325
00:42:26,280 --> 00:42:28,320
In areas of high tourism,
326
00:42:28,320 --> 00:42:32,040
research has shown
that the survival of cubs
327
00:42:32,040 --> 00:42:33,960
is also greatly reduced.
328
00:42:53,920 --> 00:42:58,920
We are in danger of loving
these cheetahs to death.
329
00:43:02,200 --> 00:43:04,040
It must surely be possible
330
00:43:04,040 --> 00:43:07,120
to respect the animals' need
for space
331
00:43:07,120 --> 00:43:10,640
and at the same time
enable human visitors
332
00:43:10,640 --> 00:43:13,760
to have a meaningful glimpse
of the wild world.
333
00:43:25,000 --> 00:43:27,000
That is what must be achieved
334
00:43:27,000 --> 00:43:31,240
if cheetah are to have a future
on the African plains.
335
00:43:45,640 --> 00:43:47,120
Finding such a balance
336
00:43:47,120 --> 00:43:51,320
is as important in the ocean
as it is on land.
337
00:43:53,040 --> 00:43:55,200
The seas have become highways.
338
00:43:58,000 --> 00:44:01,600
And the traffic is having
a huge impact
339
00:44:01,600 --> 00:44:05,920
on the mammals that once had
these waters to themselves.
340
00:44:09,920 --> 00:44:12,880
An estimated 20,000 whales die
341
00:44:12,880 --> 00:44:16,200
from collisions with ships
every year.
342
00:44:18,680 --> 00:44:22,440
The blue whale, which can grow
to 30 metres in length,
343
00:44:22,440 --> 00:44:25,600
is one of the species
most at risk.
344
00:44:28,560 --> 00:44:32,080
For millions of years,
they have cruised the oceans...
345
00:44:34,000 --> 00:44:36,520
..constantly feeding
as they travel.
346
00:44:58,560 --> 00:45:01,960
Their sheer size protects them
from predators.
347
00:45:04,880 --> 00:45:08,440
But that size also
makes it difficult for them
348
00:45:08,440 --> 00:45:10,720
to avoid collisions with ships.
349
00:45:20,920 --> 00:45:23,200
Here in Patagonia, however,
350
00:45:23,200 --> 00:45:25,840
a group of scientists
are trying to help.
351
00:45:28,640 --> 00:45:30,640
They are tagging blue whales
352
00:45:30,640 --> 00:45:34,200
to gather more information
about this growing threat.
353
00:45:42,120 --> 00:45:44,560
To do that, they need to reach
the whales
354
00:45:44,560 --> 00:45:47,200
while they are at the surface.
355
00:45:53,200 --> 00:45:56,720
And that can be a very dangerous
thing to do
356
00:45:56,720 --> 00:45:58,320
in a small boat.
357
00:46:47,080 --> 00:46:48,360
Success!
358
00:46:53,040 --> 00:46:56,920
The GPS tracker is
now attached,
359
00:46:56,920 --> 00:46:58,760
and the casing is retrieved.
360
00:47:03,280 --> 00:47:05,560
This tag will start transmitting
361
00:47:05,560 --> 00:47:07,840
every time the whale surfaces.
362
00:47:12,680 --> 00:47:17,440
And the data recorded
by the tags is very revealing.
363
00:47:20,480 --> 00:47:24,080
This blue dot shows
the track of a whale
364
00:47:24,080 --> 00:47:26,400
over the course of a week,
365
00:47:26,400 --> 00:47:29,240
trying to navigate
heavy ship traffic
366
00:47:29,240 --> 00:47:31,200
whilst attempting to feed.
367
00:47:44,400 --> 00:47:46,160
Thanks to this data
368
00:47:46,160 --> 00:47:48,640
and the arguments made
by scientists,
369
00:47:48,640 --> 00:47:51,280
parts of the range
of such whales
370
00:47:51,280 --> 00:47:55,200
have recently been designated
a marine park...
371
00:47:56,920 --> 00:48:00,840
..where ship traffic
and speeds will be limited...
372
00:48:02,680 --> 00:48:06,640
..enabling us to share space
more responsibly...
373
00:48:08,040 --> 00:48:11,760
..and help protect
not just our largest mammal...
374
00:48:13,120 --> 00:48:15,760
..but an entire ecosystem.
375
00:48:21,160 --> 00:48:25,520
The more we know about
our impact on planet Earth,
376
00:48:25,520 --> 00:48:27,720
the sooner we will be able
377
00:48:27,720 --> 00:48:33,880
to find a balance
in today's new wild.
378
00:48:58,360 --> 00:49:01,280
Filming near the border
of Israel and Syria
379
00:49:01,280 --> 00:49:03,040
was full of challenges.
380
00:49:05,360 --> 00:49:08,320
Wolves are difficult to find
at the best of times,
381
00:49:08,320 --> 00:49:11,200
let alone in a hostile environment.
382
00:49:12,520 --> 00:49:15,560
We know this area has
about 2,000 minefields,
383
00:49:15,560 --> 00:49:17,800
and we know the wolves are
out there somewhere.
384
00:49:17,800 --> 00:49:20,000
There's only a few places
we can access safely.
385
00:49:20,000 --> 00:49:24,560
The team have the help of
local wolf expert Itamar Yairi.
386
00:49:24,560 --> 00:49:27,160
First time I saw a wolf
was on the road.
387
00:49:27,160 --> 00:49:29,200
Big beautiful wolf.
388
00:49:29,200 --> 00:49:30,800
Green eyes.
389
00:49:30,800 --> 00:49:33,360
Just crossed the road,
stopped to look at me.
390
00:49:34,760 --> 00:49:36,680
Something started to build.
391
00:49:38,840 --> 00:49:40,920
Itamar is a carpenter,
392
00:49:40,920 --> 00:49:43,720
but his passion for wolves
has taken him into the field
393
00:49:43,720 --> 00:49:47,600
almost every day
for the past ten years.
394
00:49:47,600 --> 00:49:52,120
He uses corridors
between the fenced minefields,
395
00:49:52,120 --> 00:49:54,600
but he must still be cautious.
396
00:49:56,200 --> 00:49:59,440
It's always a danger
to be in the minefield,
397
00:49:59,440 --> 00:50:02,440
cos the mines are really old
398
00:50:02,440 --> 00:50:05,160
and every mine can blow up
399
00:50:05,160 --> 00:50:07,240
like every minute from nothing.
400
00:50:08,680 --> 00:50:10,280
And over time,
401
00:50:10,280 --> 00:50:12,800
weather can move mines
through the soil.
402
00:50:14,720 --> 00:50:17,520
Yeah, be careful, though.
Ooh, yeah. Let's go.
403
00:50:22,240 --> 00:50:24,840
There is no mines over there. OK.
404
00:50:24,840 --> 00:50:29,440
It's like 20 metres wide
without mines all over there.
405
00:50:30,640 --> 00:50:34,000
To try to uncover the wolves'
current movements...
406
00:50:35,560 --> 00:50:38,200
..the team uses Itamar's
extensive knowledge
407
00:50:38,200 --> 00:50:41,120
to bug the place
with camera traps.
408
00:50:42,040 --> 00:50:44,360
All of this area,
they come from here a lot.
409
00:50:48,120 --> 00:50:51,440
Because here we got the trees
and lots of animals.
410
00:51:03,560 --> 00:51:08,080
With the surveillance in place,
the team start their stakeout.
411
00:51:10,080 --> 00:51:13,440
As the wolves leave
the minefields at night,
412
00:51:13,440 --> 00:51:16,240
the crew get into position
before they return.
413
00:51:21,800 --> 00:51:24,800
The best strategy is
to creep out at dawn
414
00:51:24,800 --> 00:51:28,840
and then hunker down
behind one of these walls
415
00:51:28,840 --> 00:51:31,520
and hope for the best.
416
00:51:34,240 --> 00:51:38,840
Producer Lydia takes advantage
of the high military lookout posts.
417
00:51:38,840 --> 00:51:43,320
I mean, this area is
hundreds of kilometres,
418
00:51:43,320 --> 00:51:45,800
so trying to spot a wolf
in this is...
419
00:51:45,800 --> 00:51:47,680
..is like a needle in a haystack.
420
00:51:51,640 --> 00:51:56,360
As time goes by, the wolves
prove extremely elusive.
421
00:52:07,400 --> 00:52:08,600
We're hiding from them,
422
00:52:08,600 --> 00:52:10,440
and they're probably hiding
from us.
423
00:52:13,360 --> 00:52:16,720
So, this is another morning
without seeing the wolves.
424
00:52:16,720 --> 00:52:19,360
It's another disappointment,
but...
425
00:52:19,360 --> 00:52:22,120
..keep on going
until we are out of time.
426
00:52:24,600 --> 00:52:27,840
Itamar is starting to get concerned,
427
00:52:27,840 --> 00:52:31,240
so the team send out a drone
428
00:52:31,240 --> 00:52:33,840
to scout for signs of them.
429
00:52:34,920 --> 00:52:39,640
The wolves are so difficult to film
because they just don't trust you.
430
00:52:39,640 --> 00:52:41,400
They don't trust anyone.
431
00:52:41,400 --> 00:52:43,520
Outside the minefields,
432
00:52:43,520 --> 00:52:47,200
wolves seen hunting livestock
can be legally killed.
433
00:52:47,200 --> 00:52:51,840
As it is world over,
human-wildlife conflict
434
00:52:51,840 --> 00:52:54,360
is a delicate balance.
435
00:52:54,360 --> 00:52:57,600
I try to help the wolves
and the people,
436
00:52:57,600 --> 00:53:00,080
like 50-50.
437
00:53:00,080 --> 00:53:02,000
Part of it is filming them
438
00:53:02,000 --> 00:53:04,720
and show other people
how the wolves live
439
00:53:04,720 --> 00:53:07,560
and why they are so important.
440
00:53:07,560 --> 00:53:10,720
But before the team get
a chance to spot any wolves,
441
00:53:10,720 --> 00:53:13,040
they're faced by yet another hurdle.
442
00:53:13,040 --> 00:53:16,000
There is still military activity
on this border
443
00:53:16,000 --> 00:53:19,960
and drone jammers are halting
any further aerial surveillance.
444
00:53:19,960 --> 00:53:22,840
We've just been told there
might be a bit of interference,
445
00:53:22,840 --> 00:53:26,120
so we're just not putting
the drone above the minefield
446
00:53:26,120 --> 00:53:28,000
just in case we lose connection,
447
00:53:28,000 --> 00:53:30,000
and we don't want to lose the drone.
448
00:53:30,000 --> 00:53:34,360
The next day, even surveillance
on foot is no longer an option.
449
00:53:37,640 --> 00:53:40,160
Can you see anything?
450
00:53:40,160 --> 00:53:41,720
No, it's too foggy.
451
00:53:43,360 --> 00:53:45,640
Our chances of seeing wolves
are low.
452
00:53:45,640 --> 00:53:48,760
We can see about 20 metres,
is our visibility,
453
00:53:48,760 --> 00:53:51,200
and we think it's going to be
like this all day.
454
00:53:56,920 --> 00:53:58,360
But in the mist,
455
00:53:58,360 --> 00:54:01,080
Itamar makes an
encouraging discovery.
456
00:54:01,080 --> 00:54:03,640
Yeah, it looks like the wolves
killed it
457
00:54:03,640 --> 00:54:07,080
and maybe we will see
some lone wolf.
458
00:54:07,080 --> 00:54:09,560
Whatever, will be good for us.
459
00:54:12,920 --> 00:54:16,600
Meanwhile, Lydia is seeing
whether the wolves are going
460
00:54:16,600 --> 00:54:18,600
into the military bunkers
461
00:54:18,600 --> 00:54:21,240
positioned just outside
the minefields.
462
00:54:24,040 --> 00:54:25,920
Oh, it's huge back here.
463
00:54:34,160 --> 00:54:36,720
There are two bones in here.
Something's brought that in.
464
00:54:41,960 --> 00:54:43,720
Got a whole load of feathers.
465
00:54:43,720 --> 00:54:46,880
Obviously, a...a bird's been
eaten down here.
466
00:54:46,880 --> 00:54:48,720
We'll put a camera trap in here
467
00:54:48,720 --> 00:54:50,880
and see if it's a route
anyone uses regularly.
468
00:55:02,920 --> 00:55:06,840
And finally, their luck starts
to change.
469
00:55:10,520 --> 00:55:12,480
Porcupine going down
the stairs.
470
00:55:12,480 --> 00:55:13,880
That's nice.
471
00:55:16,280 --> 00:55:17,920
Walking into the bunker.
472
00:55:17,920 --> 00:55:20,840
He's sniffing the camera traps.
473
00:55:20,840 --> 00:55:22,400
Great.
474
00:55:22,400 --> 00:55:24,120
Ah, what's that?!
475
00:55:26,160 --> 00:55:27,440
Fox!
476
00:55:28,680 --> 00:55:30,280
Oh, that's lovely.
477
00:55:30,280 --> 00:55:34,200
Sharing our HQ with all the animals.
478
00:55:36,800 --> 00:55:38,640
And back at the carcass,
479
00:55:38,640 --> 00:55:40,720
Itamar's hunch has also paid off.
480
00:55:42,440 --> 00:55:44,920
Ooh! It's a wolf.
481
00:55:44,920 --> 00:55:47,640
One wolf, two jackals.
482
00:55:47,640 --> 00:55:50,280
Ah! Looks big. Nice.
483
00:55:51,800 --> 00:55:55,200
The evidence of the wolves'
return keeps coming in.
484
00:55:55,200 --> 00:55:56,560
Here we got wolf.
485
00:55:57,720 --> 00:56:00,080
Nice shots, you see?
Yeah, great.
486
00:56:01,960 --> 00:56:03,840
The mother.
487
00:56:03,840 --> 00:56:05,040
Nice.
488
00:56:05,040 --> 00:56:07,280
Oh, here is the pup,
running after her.
489
00:56:10,480 --> 00:56:13,080
Relieved that the wolves
are safely back in the area,
490
00:56:13,080 --> 00:56:16,080
the cameramen return
to their positions.
491
00:56:28,800 --> 00:56:31,120
We've just seen our first wolves.
492
00:56:32,200 --> 00:56:33,800
We're very happy boys now.
493
00:56:39,760 --> 00:56:43,000
It's running, like, happily
through the minefield.
494
00:56:43,000 --> 00:56:44,600
Yeah. Running back home.
495
00:56:44,600 --> 00:56:47,440
They were just, like, happy running.
Happy running.
496
00:56:47,440 --> 00:56:50,000
They were happy.
We were panicking.
497
00:56:53,200 --> 00:56:55,840
And the team's success continues...
498
00:56:57,520 --> 00:57:01,840
..thanks to one man's passion
for these remarkable wolves.
499
00:57:03,600 --> 00:57:05,960
None of this would have been
possible without Itamar.
500
00:57:05,960 --> 00:57:08,520
That's for sure.
We would have got nothing.
501
00:57:12,200 --> 00:57:16,280
Without human, they can use the
minefield as a safe zone,
502
00:57:16,280 --> 00:57:19,680
so it's like kind of
the perfect place for wolves.
503
00:57:19,680 --> 00:57:22,720
We can't ignore how special
these places are.
504
00:57:29,800 --> 00:57:31,360
Next time...
505
00:57:32,680 --> 00:57:33,960
..the water...
506
00:57:35,240 --> 00:57:38,320
..the hardest place for mammals
to survive.
507
00:57:39,720 --> 00:57:41,840
From fresh water pools...
508
00:57:43,440 --> 00:57:45,840
..to the deep ocean,
509
00:57:45,840 --> 00:57:49,880
we will uncover
the extraordinary stories
510
00:57:49,880 --> 00:57:53,000
that lie beneath the surface.
511
00:57:53,050 --> 00:57:57,600
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