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Now we've seen all
the key components
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to get our computer running.
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The last thing we'll go over is
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how our devices
talk to each other.
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We know how programs execute
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from our hard drive to our CPU,
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but how do other things
like a mouse click or
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a keyboard press gets sent
to our CPU for processing?
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These are fairly basic devices.
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They don't contain
any instructions that
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our CPU knows how to read.
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If you just clicked on a
key from your keyboard,
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you'd only be sending
a bite to the CPU.
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The CPU doesn't
know what this is
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because it doesn't have
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instructions on how
to deal with it.
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Turns out our devices also use
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programs to tell the
CPU how to run them.
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These programs are called
services or drivers.
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The drivers contain
the instructions
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our CPU needs to understand
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external devices like
keyboards, webcams, printers.
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Our CPU doesn't know that
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there is a device
that it can talk to.
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It has to connect
to something called
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the BIOS or basic
input output services.
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The BIOS is software
that helps initialize
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the hardware in our computer and
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gets our operating
system up and running.
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Unlike the programs,
you're probably used to
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running a web browser
or operating system.
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The bios isn't stored
on a hard drive.
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Our motherboard stores the
bios in a special type of
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memory called the read only
memory chip or ROM chip.
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Unlike RAM, ROM is non-volatile,
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meaning it won't erase
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the data if the
computer is turned off.
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Once the operating system loads,
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we're able to load drivers from
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non-essential devices
directly from the hard drive.
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In today's system there's
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another player for
bios called UEFI,
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which stands for Unified
Extensible Firmware Interface.
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UEFI performs the same function
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of starting your computer
as a traditional BIOS,
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but it's more modern and has
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better compatibility and
support for new hardware.
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Most hardware out there today
comes with UEFI built in.
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Eventually, UEFI will become
the predominant BIOS.
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When you turn on a computer,
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you might notice a beeping
from time-to-time.
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Our computers run a test to make
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sure all the hardware
is working correctly.
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This is called a power-on
self-test or POST.
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The bios runs it when you
boot up your computer.
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The POST figures out what
hardware is on the computer.
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It happens before
the BIOS initializes
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any hardware or loads
up essential drivers.
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If there's an issue with
anything at that point,
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there's no way to
display it on the screen
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since things like the video
driver haven't been loaded.
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Instead, the computer can
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usually produce a
series of beeps,
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almost like Morse code,
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which will help
identify the problem.
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Different manufacturers
have different beep codes.
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If you computer
successfully boots up,
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you may hear a single beep.
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If you hear two beeps,
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it could mean a POST error.
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It's best to refer to
your motherboard manual
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to find out what
each code means.
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Also, you should know that
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not all machines have
built-in speakers.
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Don't worry if your computer
boots without a beep.
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If it does have a
built-in speaker,
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being able to distinguish
what the beep codes mean is
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an extremely helpful tool
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when troubleshooting
boot issues.
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One last thing, we will
discuss our BIOS settings.
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There's a special chip on
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our motherboard
called the CMOS chip.
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It stores basic data about
boosting your computer,
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like the date, time,
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and how you want it to start up.
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You can change these
settings by booting
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into CMOS or BIOS settings menu.
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It varies on
different computers,
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but usually when you
boot the computer,
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there will be a quick
screen that tells you
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what button to push to
get into the settings.
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From there, you can change
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the basic BIOS settings
of your machine.
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In an IT support role,
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you might interact with the BIOS
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more often than you think.
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BIOS settings control
which devices to boot to.
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In an IT role, you might need to
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change the settings
more often than not.
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A frequently performed IT task
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is the reimaging of a computer.
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The term refers to a disk image,
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which is a copy of
an operating system.
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The process of
reimaging involves
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wiping and installing
an operating system.
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This procedure is
typically performed using
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a program that stored on
some external device,
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like a USB memory
stick or a CD ROM,
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or even a server accessible
through the network.
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To access these programs
and perform the re-image,
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you will need to use the
bios to tell the computer to
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boot up from that
external device.
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