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These are the user uploaded subtitles that are being translated: 1 00:00:01,340 --> 00:00:04,140 Now we've seen all the key components 2 00:00:04,140 --> 00:00:05,685 to get our computer running. 3 00:00:05,685 --> 00:00:07,260 The last thing we'll go over is 4 00:00:07,260 --> 00:00:09,300 how our devices talk to each other. 5 00:00:09,300 --> 00:00:10,770 We know how programs execute 6 00:00:10,770 --> 00:00:12,690 from our hard drive to our CPU, 7 00:00:12,690 --> 00:00:15,420 but how do other things like a mouse click or 8 00:00:15,420 --> 00:00:18,435 a keyboard press gets sent to our CPU for processing? 9 00:00:18,435 --> 00:00:20,115 These are fairly basic devices. 10 00:00:20,115 --> 00:00:21,660 They don't contain any instructions that 11 00:00:21,660 --> 00:00:23,490 our CPU knows how to read. 12 00:00:23,490 --> 00:00:26,025 If you just clicked on a key from your keyboard, 13 00:00:26,025 --> 00:00:28,635 you'd only be sending a bite to the CPU. 14 00:00:28,635 --> 00:00:30,720 The CPU doesn't know what this is 15 00:00:30,720 --> 00:00:31,830 because it doesn't have 16 00:00:31,830 --> 00:00:33,525 instructions on how to deal with it. 17 00:00:33,525 --> 00:00:35,790 Turns out our devices also use 18 00:00:35,790 --> 00:00:38,005 programs to tell the CPU how to run them. 19 00:00:38,005 --> 00:00:41,120 These programs are called services or drivers. 20 00:00:41,120 --> 00:00:42,755 The drivers contain the instructions 21 00:00:42,755 --> 00:00:44,570 our CPU needs to understand 22 00:00:44,570 --> 00:00:48,355 external devices like keyboards, webcams, printers. 23 00:00:48,355 --> 00:00:50,300 Our CPU doesn't know that 24 00:00:50,300 --> 00:00:52,100 there is a device that it can talk to. 25 00:00:52,100 --> 00:00:54,020 It has to connect to something called 26 00:00:54,020 --> 00:00:57,850 the BIOS or basic input output services. 27 00:00:57,850 --> 00:01:00,605 The BIOS is software that helps initialize 28 00:01:00,605 --> 00:01:02,210 the hardware in our computer and 29 00:01:02,210 --> 00:01:04,760 gets our operating system up and running. 30 00:01:04,760 --> 00:01:07,220 Unlike the programs, you're probably used to 31 00:01:07,220 --> 00:01:10,120 running a web browser or operating system. 32 00:01:10,120 --> 00:01:12,680 The bios isn't stored on a hard drive. 33 00:01:12,680 --> 00:01:16,010 Our motherboard stores the bios in a special type of 34 00:01:16,010 --> 00:01:20,110 memory called the read only memory chip or ROM chip. 35 00:01:20,110 --> 00:01:23,690 Unlike RAM, ROM is non-volatile, 36 00:01:23,690 --> 00:01:24,980 meaning it won't erase 37 00:01:24,980 --> 00:01:26,945 the data if the computer is turned off. 38 00:01:26,945 --> 00:01:28,840 Once the operating system loads, 39 00:01:28,840 --> 00:01:30,410 we're able to load drivers from 40 00:01:30,410 --> 00:01:33,425 non-essential devices directly from the hard drive. 41 00:01:33,425 --> 00:01:35,220 In today's system there's 42 00:01:35,220 --> 00:01:37,990 another player for bios called UEFI, 43 00:01:37,990 --> 00:01:42,350 which stands for Unified Extensible Firmware Interface. 44 00:01:42,350 --> 00:01:45,575 UEFI performs the same function 45 00:01:45,575 --> 00:01:48,440 of starting your computer as a traditional BIOS, 46 00:01:48,440 --> 00:01:50,180 but it's more modern and has 47 00:01:50,180 --> 00:01:53,120 better compatibility and support for new hardware. 48 00:01:53,120 --> 00:01:57,375 Most hardware out there today comes with UEFI built in. 49 00:01:57,375 --> 00:02:01,400 Eventually, UEFI will become the predominant BIOS. 50 00:02:01,400 --> 00:02:03,049 When you turn on a computer, 51 00:02:03,049 --> 00:02:05,630 you might notice a beeping from time-to-time. 52 00:02:05,630 --> 00:02:07,385 Our computers run a test to make 53 00:02:07,385 --> 00:02:09,610 sure all the hardware is working correctly. 54 00:02:09,610 --> 00:02:14,225 This is called a power-on self-test or POST. 55 00:02:14,225 --> 00:02:17,125 The bios runs it when you boot up your computer. 56 00:02:17,125 --> 00:02:20,880 The POST figures out what hardware is on the computer. 57 00:02:20,880 --> 00:02:23,080 It happens before the BIOS initializes 58 00:02:23,080 --> 00:02:25,610 any hardware or loads up essential drivers. 59 00:02:25,610 --> 00:02:27,995 If there's an issue with anything at that point, 60 00:02:27,995 --> 00:02:30,125 there's no way to display it on the screen 61 00:02:30,125 --> 00:02:32,765 since things like the video driver haven't been loaded. 62 00:02:32,765 --> 00:02:34,400 Instead, the computer can 63 00:02:34,400 --> 00:02:36,440 usually produce a series of beeps, 64 00:02:36,440 --> 00:02:38,075 almost like Morse code, 65 00:02:38,075 --> 00:02:40,485 which will help identify the problem. 66 00:02:40,485 --> 00:02:43,365 Different manufacturers have different beep codes. 67 00:02:43,365 --> 00:02:45,930 If you computer successfully boots up, 68 00:02:45,930 --> 00:02:48,300 you may hear a single beep. 69 00:02:48,300 --> 00:02:50,895 If you hear two beeps, 70 00:02:50,895 --> 00:02:53,595 it could mean a POST error. 71 00:02:53,595 --> 00:02:56,170 It's best to refer to your motherboard manual 72 00:02:56,170 --> 00:02:58,540 to find out what each code means. 73 00:02:58,540 --> 00:03:00,580 Also, you should know that 74 00:03:00,580 --> 00:03:03,325 not all machines have built-in speakers. 75 00:03:03,325 --> 00:03:06,895 Don't worry if your computer boots without a beep. 76 00:03:06,895 --> 00:03:09,205 If it does have a built-in speaker, 77 00:03:09,205 --> 00:03:12,430 being able to distinguish what the beep codes mean is 78 00:03:12,430 --> 00:03:13,840 an extremely helpful tool 79 00:03:13,840 --> 00:03:15,685 when troubleshooting boot issues. 80 00:03:15,685 --> 00:03:19,165 One last thing, we will discuss our BIOS settings. 81 00:03:19,165 --> 00:03:20,530 There's a special chip on 82 00:03:20,530 --> 00:03:23,365 our motherboard called the CMOS chip. 83 00:03:23,365 --> 00:03:27,020 It stores basic data about boosting your computer, 84 00:03:27,020 --> 00:03:28,535 like the date, time, 85 00:03:28,535 --> 00:03:30,065 and how you want it to start up. 86 00:03:30,065 --> 00:03:32,240 You can change these settings by booting 87 00:03:32,240 --> 00:03:35,285 into CMOS or BIOS settings menu. 88 00:03:35,285 --> 00:03:37,025 It varies on different computers, 89 00:03:37,025 --> 00:03:39,380 but usually when you boot the computer, 90 00:03:39,380 --> 00:03:40,910 there will be a quick screen that tells you 91 00:03:40,910 --> 00:03:43,850 what button to push to get into the settings. 92 00:03:43,850 --> 00:03:46,010 From there, you can change 93 00:03:46,010 --> 00:03:48,655 the basic BIOS settings of your machine. 94 00:03:48,655 --> 00:03:50,700 In an IT support role, 95 00:03:50,700 --> 00:03:52,140 you might interact with the BIOS 96 00:03:52,140 --> 00:03:53,625 more often than you think. 97 00:03:53,625 --> 00:03:56,760 BIOS settings control which devices to boot to. 98 00:03:56,760 --> 00:03:58,730 In an IT role, you might need to 99 00:03:58,730 --> 00:04:00,745 change the settings more often than not. 100 00:04:00,745 --> 00:04:02,870 A frequently performed IT task 101 00:04:02,870 --> 00:04:04,790 is the reimaging of a computer. 102 00:04:04,790 --> 00:04:07,265 The term refers to a disk image, 103 00:04:07,265 --> 00:04:09,935 which is a copy of an operating system. 104 00:04:09,935 --> 00:04:12,320 The process of reimaging involves 105 00:04:12,320 --> 00:04:15,355 wiping and installing an operating system. 106 00:04:15,355 --> 00:04:18,050 This procedure is typically performed using 107 00:04:18,050 --> 00:04:20,690 a program that stored on some external device, 108 00:04:20,690 --> 00:04:23,795 like a USB memory stick or a CD ROM, 109 00:04:23,795 --> 00:04:26,430 or even a server accessible through the network. 110 00:04:26,430 --> 00:04:29,375 To access these programs and perform the re-image, 111 00:04:29,375 --> 00:04:31,640 you will need to use the bios to tell the computer to 112 00:04:31,640 --> 00:04:35,010 boot up from that external device. 8678

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