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Downloaded from
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[Jeff] We're five people
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00:00:19,953 --> 00:00:22,156
from the
Weather Underground Organization
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We're in a house...
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00:00:23,991 --> 00:00:25,659
it... you could call it
a safe house.
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00:00:25,659 --> 00:00:29,163
We're here
with a group of filmmakers
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00:00:29,163 --> 00:00:31,665
and together,
we're gonna make a film.
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00:00:31,699 --> 00:00:33,534
We're underground
in this country.
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We've been underground
for five years.
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00:00:37,538 --> 00:00:39,707
Those of us here today
are fugitives.
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00:00:39,707 --> 00:00:44,044
We've been asked to come here
by our organization
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00:00:44,044 --> 00:00:45,646
to speak for the organization.
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My name is Jeff Jones.
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00:00:51,352 --> 00:00:56,090
And around the table
is Kathy Boudin,
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00:00:56,757 --> 00:00:58,092
Cathy Wilkerson,
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Bernardine Dohrn,
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and Billy Ayers.
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You could say that this screen,
that's between us,
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is a result
of the war in Vietnam,
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or is a result of racism
in this society.
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It's, it's, it's an act,
it's an important act,
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to overcome this, this barrier.
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And we're gonna try to...
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reach through it,
talk through it.
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["New World Coming" playing]
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* There's a new world comin'
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* And it's just around
The bend *
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* There's a new world comin'
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* This one's comin' to an end
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* There's a new voice callin'
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* And you can hear it
If you try *
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* And its growin' stronger
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* With every day
That passes by *
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[Bernardine] You know,
the reason why we're underground
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00:02:19,139 --> 00:02:20,308
is that...
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we believe that
we have to overthrow...
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US imperialism.
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And replace it
with a different society.
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And that's why
we're underground,
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because it's gonna take
a long fight.
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And the reason
it's gonna take a fight
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is 'cause they're
gonna make it be a fight
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We, we want to make
a revolution.
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We think there has to be
a revolution.
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[Kathy] Many people think
that we went underground
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because we had
to go underground,
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because we were fugitives
and there's some truth in that.
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But we also went underground
because we believe in the,
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in the necessity
for building it underground.
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This was a move
that was offensive,
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that wasn't simply
a defensive move.
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And we feel like this is
a very important thing to say,
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because...
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Because most people think
of underground as being...
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[Billy] Like being forced
to hide.
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[Kathy] We're forced
underground, hiding and we're...
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-And constantly on the run.
-[Kathy] Exactly.
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You know, they're after you,
so that's why you went under...
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[Billy] You know,
we think of building
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an underground organization,
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building
an underground movement,
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in that way,
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we don't think of it as
a particularly defensive action.
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We think of it
as a base to study,
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a base to think,
a base to survive,
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a base from which to fight.
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Not just in the early stages
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where the fighting
is small and selective,
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but along the way
as it develops and grows,
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and as the fight becomes...
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a really massive...
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social upheaval.
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[Jeff] We're a group of people
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who are committed to each other
on a certain level.
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We're committed to study,
studying with each other,
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to arguing about
what's right and what's wrong,
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about deciding as a whole
what to do,
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and then going forward,
and carrying it out.
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That's the only way we can
find out whether or not we've...
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00:04:00,240 --> 00:04:02,410
what we've decided
is right or wrong.
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And in that...
that's, that's the contribution
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00:04:04,878 --> 00:04:07,047
that we have to make
and that the, uh...
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that the revolutionary movement
as a whole has to make
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to the people in this country.
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[Cathy] We all were produced
by massive social situations
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Um, our revolutionary
consciousness was a result of
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00:04:19,460 --> 00:04:22,463
growing up in the age
of the atomic bomb,
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00:04:22,463 --> 00:04:24,231
by growing up in the '60s.
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We are who we are
because Malcolm X...
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00:04:27,267 --> 00:04:29,803
was around teaching,
or Rap Brown.
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00:04:29,803 --> 00:04:32,906
Um, we're trying to draw out
our own particularity
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and yet we feel completely tied
into the particularity
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of all these other struggles.
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That's the kind of web
we're trying to spin.
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00:04:42,383 --> 00:04:44,618
[Cathy]
My name is Cathy Wilkerson.
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My political history began
in 1962.
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I went to a, a dem...
a picket line outside
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Woolworth's
in Cambridge, Maryland,
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00:04:53,494 --> 00:04:55,763
and heard
Gloria Richardson speak.
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00:04:55,796 --> 00:04:57,498
And for me,
that was the beginning
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of realizing there was
a struggle going on that had...
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00:05:00,968 --> 00:05:04,338
um, deep importance
for everybody's life.
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00:05:04,338 --> 00:05:06,474
Um, and including mine.
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00:05:06,474 --> 00:05:09,843
Uh, but I was still somewhat
of a spectator until '64
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00:05:09,910 --> 00:05:13,514
when I went on a picket line
against segregated schools
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00:05:13,514 --> 00:05:15,416
in Chester, Pennsylvania.
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And was arrested
for the first time
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00:05:17,518 --> 00:05:20,488
and found out that
even the jails were segregated.
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00:05:22,089 --> 00:05:24,925
I say violence is necessary.
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Violence is a part
of America's culture.
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It is as American as cherry pie.
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Americans taught
the black people to be violent.
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We will use that violence
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to rid ourselves of oppression
if necessary.
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We will be free
by any means necessary.
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[Cathy] I remember,
really distinctly,
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00:05:43,310 --> 00:05:46,113
the day that I walked down
a hall at school
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00:05:46,113 --> 00:05:49,850
and there was a, a poster
on the bulletin board
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00:05:49,850 --> 00:05:52,285
and it was a leaflet
that had been put out
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by a, a black community group
in Chester, Pennsylvania,
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00:05:55,689 --> 00:05:58,025
that was fighting for
integrating the schools.
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00:05:58,025 --> 00:06:00,828
The word around was that
people were gonna be arrested.
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And I remember standing
and staring at that leaflet,
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00:06:03,897 --> 00:06:07,735
and knowing, absolutely,
that this was the time
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00:06:07,735 --> 00:06:09,837
when I had to make a decision
in my life.
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00:06:09,870 --> 00:06:13,741
If I got arrested, I knew
what the consequences were.
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I knew in terms of everything
I had been programmed to do
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00:06:18,178 --> 00:06:19,680
for the rest of my life.
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00:06:19,680 --> 00:06:22,516
I hope I haven't put anybody
on the spot.
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I'm not intending
to try and stir you up
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and make you do something
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that you wouldn't have done
anyway.
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[crowd chuckling]
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00:06:30,057 --> 00:06:33,060
[crowd applauding and cheering]
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I pray that God will bless you
in everything that you do.
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00:06:46,574 --> 00:06:50,243
I pray that you will grow
intellectually,
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so that you can understand
the problems of the world
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00:06:53,013 --> 00:06:56,784
and where you fit into,
in that world picture.
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00:06:56,784 --> 00:06:59,620
And I pray that all the fear
that has ever been in your heart
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will be taken out.
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00:07:01,054 --> 00:07:02,456
And when you look,
when you look at that man,
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00:07:02,456 --> 00:07:04,558
if you know he's nothing
but a coward,
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00:07:04,592 --> 00:07:06,026
you won't fear him.
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00:07:06,026 --> 00:07:08,529
If he wasn't a coward,
he wouldn't gang up on us.
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00:07:08,562 --> 00:07:10,531
He wouldn't need
to sneak around here.
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[crowd applauding]
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00:07:17,871 --> 00:07:19,039
[Malcolm X]
This is how they function.
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00:07:19,039 --> 00:07:20,874
They function in mobs,
that's a coward.
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00:07:20,908 --> 00:07:22,910
They put on a sheet,
so you won't know who they are,
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00:07:22,910 --> 00:07:24,044
that's a coward.
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The time will come when
that sheet will be ripped off.
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If the federal government
doesn't take it off,
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we'll take it off.
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[crowd cheering]
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Thank you.
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[Bernardine]
My name is Bernardine Dohrn.
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One of the first, um,
political things
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00:07:37,725 --> 00:07:38,892
I remember growing up,
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00:07:38,892 --> 00:07:41,562
is watching
the Army-McCarthy hearings
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on television.
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Watching my mother
ironing day after day
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and watching these hearings.
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00:07:46,333 --> 00:07:48,301
My parents
were Midwest Republicans.
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00:07:48,301 --> 00:07:49,803
They voted for Joe McCarthy
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00:07:49,803 --> 00:07:52,172
and it wasn't until
eight years later
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um, that these ideas began
to be really challenged for me.
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00:07:56,309 --> 00:07:58,178
But I knew that taking
the first step
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00:07:58,245 --> 00:07:59,847
would change my life.
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00:07:59,847 --> 00:08:01,348
And I hesitated for a long time.
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00:08:01,414 --> 00:08:03,416
The first demonstration
I took part in
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00:08:03,416 --> 00:08:05,252
was an anti-US demonstration.
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00:08:05,252 --> 00:08:06,319
And then increasingly,
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00:08:06,319 --> 00:08:09,623
I became involved
in organizing work in Chicago
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00:08:09,657 --> 00:08:12,660
and joined
the open housing drives
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for equal housing rights
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that took place on the west side
of Chicago in 1966.
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-[cars honking]
-[crowd yelling]
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We're gonna march
with the force of our souls.
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00:08:29,509 --> 00:08:34,815
Mobilize bodies
in concern for justice.
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And somehow, we're gonna
step out here tomorrow,
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and we're gonna take
the ammunition of determination.
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We're gonna move out
with the weapons of courage.
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We're gonna put on
the breastplate of righteousness
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and the whole armor of God,
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and we're gonna march
over this city!
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-And this is it.
-[crowd cheering]
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[Bernardine] Black people
of Chicago demonstrated
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00:09:02,175 --> 00:09:04,678
day after day
and weekend after weekend...
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00:09:04,712 --> 00:09:05,879
[man 1 shouting]
Go home, you niggers!
191
00:09:05,879 --> 00:09:07,981
...by marching
into neighborhoods
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00:09:07,981 --> 00:09:11,218
that they were not allowed
to live in all over Chicago.
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00:09:11,218 --> 00:09:13,921
And what they elicited
from these marches
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00:09:13,987 --> 00:09:17,891
was the kind of blatant,
open, violent racism
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that you see today in Boston
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00:09:20,894 --> 00:09:22,930
and any city
in the United States.
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And, uh, by this time,
I was a law student
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00:09:25,232 --> 00:09:28,401
and I joined
the National Lawyers Guild.
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00:09:28,435 --> 00:09:30,037
At the height
of the student movement,
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00:09:30,070 --> 00:09:31,605
I joined SDS.
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00:09:31,605 --> 00:09:34,374
This was long after
I was a student myself.
202
00:09:34,407 --> 00:09:37,410
I was elected
national officer of SDS
203
00:09:37,410 --> 00:09:38,912
and had the opportunity
of meeting
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00:09:38,912 --> 00:09:40,781
with the Vietnamese
and the Cubans.
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00:09:40,781 --> 00:09:42,783
This experience in particular...
206
00:09:43,751 --> 00:09:45,786
made me a full-time
revolutionary
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00:09:45,853 --> 00:09:51,424
and really changed
my own idea of myself
208
00:09:51,424 --> 00:09:53,593
and what the revolution
was gonna be.
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00:09:54,561 --> 00:09:57,230
[in Spanish]
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00:11:05,632 --> 00:11:08,802
[crowd cheering and applauding]
211
00:11:12,672 --> 00:11:14,307
[Kathy] My name is Kathy Boudin.
212
00:11:14,341 --> 00:11:17,610
I grew up in New York
in a family that...
213
00:11:17,610 --> 00:11:20,113
was a left family
and taught me a lot
214
00:11:20,113 --> 00:11:21,782
about the questions
of justice and injustice
215
00:11:21,782 --> 00:11:23,116
in the United States.
216
00:11:23,116 --> 00:11:26,119
Even though I had understood
a lot about the problems
217
00:11:26,119 --> 00:11:28,822
of the United States,
if you only know the problems
218
00:11:28,856 --> 00:11:30,824
you can become very cynical.
219
00:11:30,824 --> 00:11:33,560
And when I went to Cuba,
I was very skeptical.
220
00:11:33,560 --> 00:11:34,627
I was very skeptical
221
00:11:34,661 --> 00:11:37,831
that any kind of society
would be possible and...
222
00:11:37,865 --> 00:11:40,801
The day I felt
a tremendous enthusiasm
223
00:11:40,801 --> 00:11:43,370
and possibilities and hope
that socialism means
224
00:11:43,370 --> 00:11:46,306
for the people in Cuba
and for people around the world.
225
00:11:46,339 --> 00:11:50,477
I remember,
on January 2nd, 1960... 1961,
226
00:11:50,477 --> 00:11:54,581
I was 17 years old,
standing in downtown Havana
227
00:11:54,581 --> 00:11:55,883
surrounded by a million people,
228
00:11:55,883 --> 00:11:57,550
a million Cubans
that have come to Havana
229
00:11:57,550 --> 00:11:59,052
to celebrate
the Cuban Revolution.
230
00:11:59,086 --> 00:12:00,821
At the end
of the six or seven hours
231
00:12:00,854 --> 00:12:04,491
of people celebrating,
came a long military parade
232
00:12:04,491 --> 00:12:07,727
with guns and weapons and tanks.
233
00:12:07,727 --> 00:12:09,897
I had been cheering,
along with everybody else,
234
00:12:09,897 --> 00:12:11,031
and suddenly I realized
235
00:12:11,064 --> 00:12:12,766
that I was cheering for tanks
and for guns
236
00:12:12,766 --> 00:12:15,102
which is something
that was completely opposite
237
00:12:15,102 --> 00:12:16,937
to what I had been
brought up to do.
238
00:12:16,937 --> 00:12:18,738
My Cuban friend
that was standing next to me
239
00:12:18,738 --> 00:12:21,041
saw my eyes fill up with tears
240
00:12:21,074 --> 00:12:24,244
and he looked at me and he said,
241
00:12:24,244 --> 00:12:26,013
"I understand
what you're feeling.
242
00:12:26,013 --> 00:12:28,281
We don't like to have guns
and weapons either.
243
00:12:28,281 --> 00:12:31,451
But it's your country
that makes us have to do this."
244
00:12:31,451 --> 00:12:32,519
Three months later,
245
00:12:32,552 --> 00:12:33,887
the Bay of Pigs Invasion
occurred,
246
00:12:33,887 --> 00:12:35,755
and I understood what he meant.
247
00:12:36,890 --> 00:12:38,425
[Billy] My name is Billy Ayers.
248
00:12:38,425 --> 00:12:40,928
My political history begins
in the Student Movement
249
00:12:40,928 --> 00:12:42,262
and the Youth Movement.
250
00:12:42,295 --> 00:12:44,965
The Anti-war Movement
and the Civil Rights Movement.
251
00:12:45,032 --> 00:12:47,534
In 1965,
when the Anti-war Movement
252
00:12:47,567 --> 00:12:52,605
was just beginning shortly
after Johnson invaded Vietnam,
253
00:12:52,605 --> 00:12:56,576
some of us who were students,
uh, made a decision
254
00:12:56,609 --> 00:12:59,779
along with, I think, really,
hundreds and thousands of people
255
00:12:59,779 --> 00:13:01,882
at that point that, uh...
256
00:13:01,915 --> 00:13:04,584
the Anti-war Movement
had to apply the tactics
257
00:13:04,584 --> 00:13:06,653
and the,
and the confrontational methods
258
00:13:06,653 --> 00:13:07,720
of the Civil Rights Movement.
259
00:13:07,754 --> 00:13:09,756
[crowd chanting]
Peace now! Peace now!
260
00:13:09,756 --> 00:13:13,226
Peace now! Peace now! Peace now!
261
00:13:13,226 --> 00:13:15,896
[crowd yelling]
262
00:13:19,399 --> 00:13:22,002
[crowd clamoring]
263
00:13:28,608 --> 00:13:31,244
[clamoring continues]
264
00:13:35,148 --> 00:13:37,817
[Jeff] As long as we've been
organizers and revolutionaries,
265
00:13:37,817 --> 00:13:41,088
people, one of the main things
that people have asked us is,
266
00:13:41,121 --> 00:13:42,455
are, are upset because it...
267
00:13:42,489 --> 00:13:44,491
you can't win, it can't work.
268
00:13:44,491 --> 00:13:46,326
What, what can you accomplish?
269
00:13:46,326 --> 00:13:48,128
There's nothing we can do.
This...
270
00:13:48,161 --> 00:13:51,464
The United States government
is so powerful.
271
00:13:51,464 --> 00:13:52,966
Just think back two months.
272
00:13:53,000 --> 00:13:55,502
Think back two years,
think back five years.
273
00:13:55,502 --> 00:13:58,205
We used to chant
the "Right on, Take Saigon"
274
00:13:58,271 --> 00:14:01,108
or "Ho, Ho, Ho Chi Minh,
the NLF is gonna win."
275
00:14:01,141 --> 00:14:03,143
Who believed it?
Who could believe it?
276
00:14:03,143 --> 00:14:05,045
Who had the...
Who had been educated?
277
00:14:05,045 --> 00:14:07,280
Who had the tools to believe it?
278
00:14:08,315 --> 00:14:09,983
It just happened.
279
00:14:10,017 --> 00:14:11,318
["The War is Over" playing]
280
00:14:11,318 --> 00:14:17,057
* I declare the war is over
281
00:14:17,057 --> 00:14:20,727
* It's over
282
00:14:20,727 --> 00:14:23,563
* It's over
283
00:14:25,532 --> 00:14:27,867
[Ho Chi Minh]
Comrades and friends,
284
00:14:27,867 --> 00:14:32,172
what amongst the worst crimes
285
00:14:32,205 --> 00:14:39,079
the US imperialist
have committed on our shore.
286
00:14:39,079 --> 00:14:43,016
Our entire people,
from North to South,
287
00:14:43,050 --> 00:14:44,884
rose to be united.
288
00:14:45,585 --> 00:14:47,020
Have raised up
289
00:14:47,054 --> 00:14:50,523
to defend their freedom
and independence.
290
00:14:52,525 --> 00:14:57,764
We are absolutely sure
of our victory.
291
00:14:57,764 --> 00:15:00,400
Since our cause is strength,
292
00:15:00,400 --> 00:15:04,771
we are still
with our entire people.
293
00:15:04,837 --> 00:15:09,242
And we see growing support
of people of the world,
294
00:15:09,242 --> 00:15:12,079
including Vietnamese people.
295
00:15:12,912 --> 00:15:15,015
Long live the friendship
296
00:15:15,015 --> 00:15:18,418
between the Vietnamese
and the US peoples.
297
00:15:18,418 --> 00:15:22,555
[in Vietnamese]
298
00:15:51,051 --> 00:15:54,587
* It's over
299
00:15:54,621 --> 00:15:57,657
* It's over
300
00:16:02,062 --> 00:16:08,668
Today, America can regain
a sense of pride
301
00:16:08,668 --> 00:16:10,970
that existed before Vietnam.
302
00:16:10,970 --> 00:16:14,007
But it cannot be achieved
303
00:16:14,074 --> 00:16:17,277
by refighting a war
that is finished,
304
00:16:17,310 --> 00:16:21,314
-as far as America is concerned.
-[crowd applauding]
305
00:16:21,314 --> 00:16:23,483
[Jeff] We are not
going to let...
306
00:16:24,751 --> 00:16:26,619
the war in Vietnam be over.
307
00:16:28,155 --> 00:16:29,989
[Bernardine] Everything the US
had to throw
308
00:16:29,989 --> 00:16:31,024
at Vietnam was thrown.
309
00:16:31,091 --> 00:16:33,160
Technology, invasion,
310
00:16:33,160 --> 00:16:35,662
limited war, special war,
search and destroy,
311
00:16:35,695 --> 00:16:38,665
hearts and minds,
Vietnamization, everything.
312
00:16:38,665 --> 00:16:42,169
Break the will of the people,
make the cost too great.
313
00:16:42,202 --> 00:16:47,040
And every one of
those strategies was understood
314
00:16:47,040 --> 00:16:49,142
and a strategy was developed
315
00:16:50,377 --> 00:16:53,680
that let everybody
in Vietnam participate
316
00:16:53,680 --> 00:16:57,450
in one way or another
to defeat that strategy.
317
00:16:57,484 --> 00:16:58,651
[Billy] Well, I think...
I do think
318
00:16:58,685 --> 00:17:02,622
that the most important, uh,
the most important lesson
319
00:17:02,622 --> 00:17:06,025
that people can go off from it
is that people make history.
320
00:17:06,025 --> 00:17:08,528
That history isn't something
that happens...
321
00:17:08,561 --> 00:17:10,530
far away and long ago.
322
00:17:10,530 --> 00:17:12,965
History is something
that's made by people.
323
00:17:12,999 --> 00:17:14,201
It's made by Vietnamese people
324
00:17:14,201 --> 00:17:16,069
and it's made
by American people.
325
00:17:16,136 --> 00:17:18,571
Tomorrow, we'll only be
what the people make it.
326
00:17:18,571 --> 00:17:20,006
[Bernardine]
This belief in people
327
00:17:20,039 --> 00:17:21,474
rather than in technology,
328
00:17:21,474 --> 00:17:23,543
we've all been taught
to be jaded about,
329
00:17:23,543 --> 00:17:24,977
- cynical about.
-[Billy] Right.
330
00:17:25,011 --> 00:17:26,079
[Bernardine]
How could it possibly be?
331
00:17:26,079 --> 00:17:27,547
Especially here in the middle
332
00:17:27,547 --> 00:17:29,482
of a technological wonder,
you know?
333
00:17:29,516 --> 00:17:32,051
[Billy] What you do
doesn't make any difference.
334
00:17:32,051 --> 00:17:34,053
You don't matter.
335
00:17:34,053 --> 00:17:35,822
Um, and I think
the revolutionary lesson
336
00:17:35,855 --> 00:17:37,023
is just the opposite.
337
00:17:37,023 --> 00:17:39,092
What people do
makes all the difference.
338
00:17:39,092 --> 00:17:41,394
What people do or don't do
339
00:17:41,394 --> 00:17:43,596
determines
the outcome of things.
340
00:17:43,663 --> 00:17:46,333
[Bernardine] Well, the lessons
of the war are subversive.
341
00:17:46,333 --> 00:17:50,503
I mean, and that's why they have
to be covered up immediately.
342
00:17:50,503 --> 00:17:54,006
And that's why all the effort
goes into reconstructing
343
00:17:54,040 --> 00:17:56,042
one false lesson
after the other.
344
00:17:56,042 --> 00:17:58,345
A tremendous amount
of energy goes into
345
00:17:58,345 --> 00:18:01,681
trying to bring back the POWs
with the big brass band
346
00:18:01,714 --> 00:18:06,453
where there's no jobs for vets
and no welcome.
347
00:18:06,453 --> 00:18:09,122
If you understand what happened
in the Vietnamese War
348
00:18:09,189 --> 00:18:11,558
and why the Vietnamese defeated
the United States,
349
00:18:13,092 --> 00:18:16,028
it makes the possibility
and the inevitability
350
00:18:16,062 --> 00:18:18,631
of revolution
in the United States very clear.
351
00:18:18,631 --> 00:18:20,933
The United States government
is not invincible.
352
00:18:20,933 --> 00:18:22,435
It didn't exist for all time
353
00:18:22,469 --> 00:18:24,637
and it's not gonna exist
for all time.
354
00:18:24,704 --> 00:18:26,239
It's full of weaknesses.
355
00:18:26,273 --> 00:18:27,407
[Kathy] "You need this war,"
356
00:18:27,407 --> 00:18:28,608
they said
to the American people.
357
00:18:28,608 --> 00:18:30,877
"You need this war
in order to have enough food,
358
00:18:30,910 --> 00:18:32,545
in order to have housing,
359
00:18:32,545 --> 00:18:35,047
in order to have the materials
that you need,
360
00:18:35,047 --> 00:18:36,115
to have a good society.
361
00:18:36,115 --> 00:18:37,317
This war is gonna bring this
to you."
362
00:18:37,384 --> 00:18:39,486
And I think what people learned,
363
00:18:39,486 --> 00:18:41,488
is the war didn't bring
those things.
364
00:18:41,554 --> 00:18:44,557
Who was it that made profits
from the war and who suffered?
365
00:18:44,557 --> 00:18:45,958
[Bernardine]
Both political parties
366
00:18:45,958 --> 00:18:47,327
supported the war in Vietnam.
367
00:18:47,394 --> 00:18:49,562
Both political parties support
368
00:18:49,596 --> 00:18:51,998
the continuation
of a war economy.
369
00:18:51,998 --> 00:18:55,001
That the cause of the war
wasn't a policy.
370
00:18:55,001 --> 00:18:56,903
Or it wasn't a bad president,
371
00:18:56,936 --> 00:19:00,740
or a bad string of presidents,
or even five bad presidents.
372
00:19:00,740 --> 00:19:05,178
People were forced
over the years to see
373
00:19:05,178 --> 00:19:08,348
that it was the whole
organization of society.
374
00:19:08,415 --> 00:19:10,317
And to call it something
that we've been taught
375
00:19:10,317 --> 00:19:12,452
all of our lives,
was just rhetoric.
376
00:19:12,485 --> 00:19:14,987
And communist slogans,
imperialism, capitalism.
377
00:19:14,987 --> 00:19:16,256
That's what it was.
378
00:19:16,289 --> 00:19:18,358
That's why we were fighting
the war.
379
00:19:18,358 --> 00:19:20,660
And what starts to be revealed
380
00:19:20,660 --> 00:19:22,929
more and more...
with more and more suffering,
381
00:19:22,962 --> 00:19:26,366
is that, of course,
it's a class society here.
382
00:19:26,366 --> 00:19:29,702
Really no different,
subject to the same laws
383
00:19:29,702 --> 00:19:31,771
that you see operating
in the rest of the world.
384
00:19:31,804 --> 00:19:34,307
And that lesson,
is a very powerful lesson.
385
00:19:34,341 --> 00:19:38,345
That lesson is a,
is an explosive lesson
386
00:19:38,345 --> 00:19:40,680
for the people to grasp
and make their own.
387
00:19:40,680 --> 00:19:43,049
[Jeff] I belong
to the young people
388
00:19:43,115 --> 00:19:44,784
and the black people
in this country.
389
00:19:44,784 --> 00:19:47,454
We're gonna remake this country
in the streets!
390
00:19:47,487 --> 00:19:50,156
Don't get hung up
in the sports party bullshit.
391
00:19:50,156 --> 00:19:52,825
Don't get hung up
at peace candidates.
392
00:19:52,859 --> 00:19:54,527
Come on, we gotta fight it out.
393
00:19:54,527 --> 00:19:56,329
We're the only power,
we can do this.
394
00:19:56,363 --> 00:19:57,397
That's the beast.
395
00:19:57,397 --> 00:19:59,699
We gotta build a strong base
and someday,
396
00:19:59,699 --> 00:20:01,468
we're gonna knock
those motherfuckers
397
00:20:01,501 --> 00:20:03,370
that control this thing
right on their ass.
398
00:20:03,370 --> 00:20:06,172
["Subterranean Homesick Blues"
playing]
399
00:20:11,678 --> 00:20:14,414
* Johnny's in the basement
Mixing up the medicine *
400
00:20:14,414 --> 00:20:16,916
* I'm on the pavement
Thinking about the government *
401
00:20:16,916 --> 00:20:19,752
* The man in the trench coat
Badge out, laid off *
402
00:20:19,752 --> 00:20:22,522
* Says he's got a bad cough
Wants to get it paid off *
403
00:20:22,555 --> 00:20:24,891
* Look out kid
It's somethin' you did *
404
00:20:24,891 --> 00:20:27,660
* God knows when
But you're doing it again *
405
00:20:27,660 --> 00:20:29,429
* You better duck down
The alley way *
406
00:20:29,429 --> 00:20:30,697
* Lookin' for a new friend
407
00:20:30,730 --> 00:20:33,199
* A man in the coonskin cap
In the pig pen *
408
00:20:33,199 --> 00:20:36,569
* Wants eleven dollar bills
You only got ten *
409
00:20:41,441 --> 00:20:45,111
[Bernardine] SDS came out
of conditions that were genuine
410
00:20:45,177 --> 00:20:48,047
and the struggle was genuine,
the reality was genuine.
411
00:20:48,080 --> 00:20:51,083
They had to make the transition
from being a student movement
412
00:20:51,083 --> 00:20:53,720
and a resistance movement
and a protest movement
413
00:20:53,753 --> 00:20:55,922
into becoming
a revolutionary movement
414
00:20:55,922 --> 00:21:00,126
that was broader than students,
that took the student base
415
00:21:00,126 --> 00:21:03,062
and exploded it into the whole
of the American people.
416
00:21:03,095 --> 00:21:04,597
* You don't need a weatherman
417
00:21:04,597 --> 00:21:06,966
* To know which way
The wind blows *
418
00:21:07,033 --> 00:21:08,768
That was a change
and a transition
419
00:21:08,768 --> 00:21:11,270
that demanded a lot
of political maturity
420
00:21:11,270 --> 00:21:13,973
and most everybody
was not adequate enough
421
00:21:14,040 --> 00:21:18,044
to make that transition without
a lot of mistakes being made.
422
00:21:19,779 --> 00:21:22,782
We no longer
simply resist the pigs.
423
00:21:22,782 --> 00:21:26,118
We no longer trap ourselves
so that the only possible motion
424
00:21:26,118 --> 00:21:28,287
is in response to pig attacks.
425
00:21:28,287 --> 00:21:30,490
We have gone on the offensive.
426
00:21:30,557 --> 00:21:33,059
It is we who call the shots now.
427
00:21:33,092 --> 00:21:35,462
[loud rumbling]
428
00:21:41,133 --> 00:21:44,236
[Bernardine] You tried
everything that you could do.
429
00:21:44,236 --> 00:21:45,972
You organized everybody
you could do,
430
00:21:45,972 --> 00:21:47,139
you became obsessed with it,
431
00:21:47,139 --> 00:21:50,276
you put the pictures up
on your wall,
432
00:21:50,309 --> 00:21:53,312
protested and wrote
and demonstrated and...
433
00:21:53,312 --> 00:21:55,114
spoke and...
434
00:21:55,114 --> 00:21:57,350
I think it happened
when we strike for peace.
435
00:21:57,350 --> 00:21:59,519
It happened in a million sectors
of the society
436
00:21:59,519 --> 00:22:03,756
that people stood out there
and felt outraged.
437
00:22:03,790 --> 00:22:06,125
It is correctly called
the "Days of Rage."
438
00:22:06,158 --> 00:22:10,162
And felt like we had to do more.
439
00:22:10,162 --> 00:22:11,263
We weren't doing enough,
440
00:22:11,297 --> 00:22:13,299
the American people
were not doing enough
441
00:22:13,299 --> 00:22:15,167
There were the Chicago police
442
00:22:15,167 --> 00:22:16,936
who knew us well and harassed us
443
00:22:16,969 --> 00:22:20,306
and followed us around
and broke into our apartments.
444
00:22:20,339 --> 00:22:22,108
[crowd chanting]
Ho, Ho, Ho Chi Minh,
445
00:22:22,108 --> 00:22:23,876
the NLF is gonna win!
446
00:22:23,876 --> 00:22:25,545
[Bernardine]
Well, we, we grew up
447
00:22:25,545 --> 00:22:26,879
and we didn't learn anything
about history,
448
00:22:26,946 --> 00:22:29,682
and we didn't understand
very much about...
449
00:22:29,682 --> 00:22:32,051
how you can't always see
on the surface.
450
00:22:32,118 --> 00:22:33,686
What you see immediately
451
00:22:33,686 --> 00:22:35,321
is not necessarily
what's at work
452
00:22:35,354 --> 00:22:36,723
and what's happening.
453
00:22:36,723 --> 00:22:39,559
And so, growing up,
everybody's feeling...
454
00:22:39,559 --> 00:22:40,793
small and isolated,
455
00:22:40,827 --> 00:22:43,863
and made to feel that way
their whole lives.
456
00:22:43,863 --> 00:22:48,701
We felt that way, then.
But we felt determined...
457
00:22:48,735 --> 00:22:52,505
to carry out an action
that would reveal
458
00:22:52,539 --> 00:22:55,374
how passionately we felt
459
00:22:55,374 --> 00:22:57,477
and that we were
on the other side.
460
00:22:57,510 --> 00:22:59,846
[crowd clamoring]
461
00:23:05,685 --> 00:23:06,886
[Bernardine]
Not letting yourself
462
00:23:06,886 --> 00:23:10,557
be passively carried off
by the Chicago police or...
463
00:23:10,557 --> 00:23:12,759
fighting,
being willing to fight...
464
00:23:13,660 --> 00:23:17,329
was a shocking idea and, uh...
465
00:23:17,363 --> 00:23:19,699
didn't come naturally at all.
466
00:23:19,699 --> 00:23:21,534
[Jeff] I believe that there's
a feeling among the people
467
00:23:21,534 --> 00:23:23,402
who participated
in the Days of Rage.
468
00:23:23,402 --> 00:23:25,905
A commonality,
a brotherhood, a sisterhood.
469
00:23:25,938 --> 00:23:28,941
Because it was probably
the most terrifying thing
470
00:23:28,941 --> 00:23:31,444
that any of us
were ever involved in.
471
00:23:31,444 --> 00:23:34,246
Does that make us feel separate
from other people
472
00:23:34,246 --> 00:23:35,748
who were not
in the demonstration,
473
00:23:35,782 --> 00:23:38,017
who were not
in the Days of Rage?
474
00:23:38,050 --> 00:23:40,587
It is the case that
when it happened,
475
00:23:40,587 --> 00:23:42,455
and in the period
after it happened,
476
00:23:42,522 --> 00:23:44,190
there was that kind of feeling.
477
00:23:45,291 --> 00:23:48,427
Um, and it was quite
a while ago.
478
00:23:48,427 --> 00:23:49,562
It was five years ago,
479
00:23:49,596 --> 00:23:51,531
that demonstration
was six year ago
480
00:23:51,531 --> 00:23:53,966
and it was five years ago
that we understood
481
00:23:53,966 --> 00:23:55,234
that that was wrong.
482
00:23:55,267 --> 00:23:56,736
That feeling toward other people
483
00:23:56,736 --> 00:23:58,204
for not participating in it.
484
00:23:59,238 --> 00:24:00,406
[Bernardine] See, I don't, I...
485
00:24:00,406 --> 00:24:01,908
I would say
that we weren't wrong
486
00:24:01,908 --> 00:24:03,042
to want to fight
487
00:24:03,042 --> 00:24:06,112
and we aren't wrong to know now
that we have to fight.
488
00:24:06,112 --> 00:24:07,113
But...
489
00:24:08,414 --> 00:24:10,483
And, and it's for
a pretty simple reason
490
00:24:10,483 --> 00:24:14,320
because what we saw
by that point in time,
491
00:24:14,386 --> 00:24:17,323
and I think what
a lot of people have,
492
00:24:17,323 --> 00:24:19,391
have reckoned within themselves
493
00:24:19,425 --> 00:24:22,428
is that to not act,
to not do anything,
494
00:24:22,428 --> 00:24:23,930
or to not do
as much as you can do,
495
00:24:23,930 --> 00:24:27,133
whatever it is,
is, uh, as violent...
496
00:24:28,434 --> 00:24:31,938
as criminal, as complicit, as...
497
00:24:32,805 --> 00:24:34,273
doing everything you can do
498
00:24:34,306 --> 00:24:36,809
and some of it'll be right
and some of it'll be wrong.
499
00:24:36,809 --> 00:24:40,513
And you'll have to change
and do better.
500
00:24:41,480 --> 00:24:42,515
What right does anyone
501
00:24:42,515 --> 00:24:44,517
to walk down
the street with a...
502
00:24:44,517 --> 00:24:47,920
a chain in their hands?
Or a club?
503
00:24:47,954 --> 00:24:51,123
Which we saw last night
used on the police.
504
00:24:51,123 --> 00:24:52,859
Or an iron pipe?
505
00:24:52,859 --> 00:24:56,863
You know quite well
if they're not playing hockey
506
00:24:56,863 --> 00:24:58,631
with those kind of outfits.
507
00:24:58,665 --> 00:25:01,834
Unless they're playing hockey
with someone's head.
508
00:25:01,834 --> 00:25:03,836
[Bernardine]
I think Rap Brown was right.
509
00:25:03,836 --> 00:25:06,005
Violence is as American
as cherry pie,
510
00:25:06,038 --> 00:25:10,376
and this is a violent,
bloody country and...
511
00:25:10,442 --> 00:25:14,614
I mean, the people's violence
is a teeny percentage of that.
512
00:25:14,614 --> 00:25:17,617
It's mainly the violence
inflicted on the people.
513
00:25:17,650 --> 00:25:20,119
What, what the transforming
experience is,
514
00:25:20,119 --> 00:25:23,222
is being willing
to put your life on the line.
515
00:25:23,222 --> 00:25:27,727
And there was plenty of examples
of that long before a lot of us,
516
00:25:27,727 --> 00:25:31,564
myself, ever figured out
what was happening at all.
517
00:25:31,564 --> 00:25:34,867
Black students,
armed black people,
518
00:25:34,867 --> 00:25:38,204
uprisings in every major city
in the country.
519
00:25:38,204 --> 00:25:40,840
These were the results
of the conditions and of course,
520
00:25:40,873 --> 00:25:42,675
this had been true all along.
521
00:25:42,675 --> 00:25:45,011
It was just that a lot of people
522
00:25:45,044 --> 00:25:47,046
don't know
that it's true all along.
523
00:25:47,046 --> 00:25:49,215
[Kathy] It's interesting,
because very quickly
524
00:25:49,215 --> 00:25:50,850
after the Days of Rage,
525
00:25:50,850 --> 00:25:53,820
around the country,
it was as if a lot of people
526
00:25:53,820 --> 00:25:56,022
who were feeling as angry
as we were feeling,
527
00:25:56,055 --> 00:26:00,860
are feeling the need to express
that anger at the state.
528
00:26:00,860 --> 00:26:03,229
And to build the strength
529
00:26:03,229 --> 00:26:06,065
of the people's movement
in this country did express it.
530
00:26:06,098 --> 00:26:07,199
All around the country,
531
00:26:07,233 --> 00:26:10,202
there were demonstrations
that were very angry.
532
00:26:10,202 --> 00:26:12,705
[fire roaring]
533
00:26:23,049 --> 00:26:24,717
[Kathy]
It definitely wasn't just us.
534
00:26:24,751 --> 00:26:27,086
It was really much, much bigger.
535
00:26:27,086 --> 00:26:29,355
[Bernardine]
Not only was it not just us,
536
00:26:29,355 --> 00:26:30,456
but we weren't the first.
537
00:26:30,456 --> 00:26:31,858
-[Kathy] No.
-[Bernardine] And we...
538
00:26:31,891 --> 00:26:36,863
I mean, we didn't feel
and don't feel like some...
539
00:26:36,863 --> 00:26:39,198
vanguard line of this question
540
00:26:39,231 --> 00:26:42,635
of resisting the violence
that goes on all the time.
541
00:26:42,635 --> 00:26:45,304
We feel like,
and certainly felt like
542
00:26:45,304 --> 00:26:46,138
in the Days of Rage,
543
00:26:46,205 --> 00:26:48,641
and by the time
the town has happened,
544
00:26:48,641 --> 00:26:51,443
like we were running to catch up
with the real...
545
00:26:51,443 --> 00:26:52,745
with the reality
of the situation
546
00:26:52,779 --> 00:26:53,880
in the United States.
547
00:26:53,880 --> 00:26:56,048
[Emile] Mary and I had found
in, uh...
548
00:26:56,048 --> 00:26:59,085
in looking at early footage
of your group,
549
00:26:59,118 --> 00:27:02,488
an almost arrogant,
male posturing.
550
00:27:02,488 --> 00:27:04,123
[Billy] There was
a period of time
551
00:27:04,123 --> 00:27:07,259
when we put forward
a vision of ourselves
552
00:27:07,293 --> 00:27:11,798
and a vision of revolution
that was hard and mean
553
00:27:11,798 --> 00:27:14,901
and somewhat anti-human.
554
00:27:14,934 --> 00:27:17,103
You know, on one side,
it's because revolutionaries
555
00:27:17,103 --> 00:27:20,572
and, and, and progressive people
should be militant.
556
00:27:20,572 --> 00:27:22,074
But they shouldn't be
militaristic.
557
00:27:22,074 --> 00:27:24,744
And they should be
challenging to people.
558
00:27:24,777 --> 00:27:26,478
But they shouldn't be
condescending.
559
00:27:26,478 --> 00:27:29,916
We became arrogant
in our behavior.
560
00:27:29,949 --> 00:27:34,153
I think that it's important
to also put it into context
561
00:27:34,153 --> 00:27:36,823
which is not an apology for it,
but a context,
562
00:27:36,823 --> 00:27:40,760
and that is that we live
in a really decadent society.
563
00:27:40,793 --> 00:27:43,129
Like Russia
before the revolution,
564
00:27:43,162 --> 00:27:46,532
or China before the revolution
or Cuba before the revolution.
565
00:27:46,532 --> 00:27:47,666
Like a sewer,
566
00:27:47,666 --> 00:27:49,668
there's a tremendous amount
of crime,
567
00:27:49,702 --> 00:27:51,470
a tremendous amount
of backwardness,
568
00:27:51,503 --> 00:27:55,174
tremendous amount
of individualism, competition,
569
00:27:55,174 --> 00:27:56,508
hatred of people.
570
00:27:56,508 --> 00:27:57,710
And in this environment,
571
00:27:57,710 --> 00:28:00,212
male chauvinism, or sexism,
572
00:28:00,212 --> 00:28:03,983
plays as a value,
plays a dominant...
573
00:28:04,016 --> 00:28:05,885
an important, a leading role.
574
00:28:05,885 --> 00:28:07,854
[Bernardine] One of the things
that the government tries
575
00:28:07,854 --> 00:28:09,521
to separate the most,
576
00:28:09,521 --> 00:28:11,858
that you can't be
a strong person
577
00:28:11,858 --> 00:28:14,126
and also a gentle person
at the same time.
578
00:28:14,160 --> 00:28:16,896
-[Billy chuckles]
-And that one of the reasons
579
00:28:16,896 --> 00:28:19,065
why the Vietnamese
have been inspiring
580
00:28:19,065 --> 00:28:21,400
is that that's
a revolutionary characteristic.
581
00:28:21,467 --> 00:28:24,703
Being strong does not mean
shutting everything out
582
00:28:24,703 --> 00:28:27,874
and being a blockhouse,
you know?
583
00:28:27,907 --> 00:28:30,977
Which is sort of
the American image of strength.
584
00:28:31,010 --> 00:28:34,881
Being strong means
being able to draw in the best.
585
00:28:34,881 --> 00:28:37,383
Imperialism has,
as one of its underpinnings,
586
00:28:37,416 --> 00:28:38,684
male supremacy.
587
00:28:38,717 --> 00:28:41,888
It's based on a system
in which men are taught
588
00:28:41,888 --> 00:28:43,489
to think of themselves
as superior.
589
00:28:43,522 --> 00:28:47,359
It's, uh, bred into all these
institutions of society,
590
00:28:47,359 --> 00:28:52,164
into work, into the family,
into schools, into hospitals,
591
00:28:52,164 --> 00:28:56,202
into medical care,
into education.
592
00:28:56,235 --> 00:28:59,705
One of the hardest things
was building a new culture.
593
00:28:59,705 --> 00:29:01,707
There's not
an obvious alternative
594
00:29:01,707 --> 00:29:03,876
to sexist attitudes
595
00:29:03,876 --> 00:29:06,712
for men, for women,
for children,
596
00:29:06,745 --> 00:29:08,247
for the whole society.
597
00:29:08,247 --> 00:29:10,950
[Billy] It was really the women
inside the organization
598
00:29:11,017 --> 00:29:13,452
who brought about these changes
599
00:29:13,452 --> 00:29:19,291
by being really challenging
and firm and strong
600
00:29:19,291 --> 00:29:20,526
in demanding change,
601
00:29:20,559 --> 00:29:24,030
and at the same time loving
and open and encouraging
602
00:29:24,030 --> 00:29:28,034
about the process of change.
603
00:29:28,067 --> 00:29:31,203
[Emile] The Days of Rage was
an act of political violence.
604
00:29:31,203 --> 00:29:33,205
What, what was your next act?
605
00:29:33,205 --> 00:29:35,107
[Bernardine] The next acts
were all by the state.
606
00:29:35,107 --> 00:29:38,077
I mean, 300 of us were arrested.
607
00:29:38,110 --> 00:29:40,913
The Conspiracy Trial
was going on.
608
00:29:40,913 --> 00:29:42,882
Bobby Seale
was chained and gagged
609
00:29:42,882 --> 00:29:45,584
and dragged out
of the courtroom.
610
00:29:45,617 --> 00:29:47,119
And, uh...
611
00:29:48,254 --> 00:29:50,589
three weeks later,
Fred Hampton was murdered.
612
00:29:50,622 --> 00:29:53,592
And Mark Clark, in Chicago.
613
00:29:53,592 --> 00:29:54,760
Bobby Seale is going through
614
00:29:54,793 --> 00:29:57,463
all types of physical
and mental torture.
615
00:29:57,463 --> 00:29:58,764
But that's all right,
616
00:29:58,797 --> 00:30:01,633
because we said
even before this happened,
617
00:30:01,633 --> 00:30:03,302
and we're gonna say it
after this
618
00:30:03,335 --> 00:30:06,105
and after I'm locked up,
and after everybody's locked up
619
00:30:06,138 --> 00:30:08,274
that you can
jail revolutionaries,
620
00:30:08,274 --> 00:30:10,609
but you can't
jail the revolution.
621
00:30:10,642 --> 00:30:14,080
-[crowd cheering]
-Right.
622
00:30:14,080 --> 00:30:15,314
You might run a liberator
623
00:30:15,314 --> 00:30:17,016
like Eldridge Cleaver
out of the country,
624
00:30:17,083 --> 00:30:19,818
but you can't run liberation
out of the country.
625
00:30:19,818 --> 00:30:20,920
You might murder
626
00:30:20,953 --> 00:30:22,855
a freedom fighter
like Bobby Hutton,
627
00:30:22,855 --> 00:30:24,690
but you can't murder
freedom fighting,
628
00:30:24,756 --> 00:30:25,925
and if you do,
629
00:30:25,925 --> 00:30:28,594
you'll come up with
answers that don't answer
630
00:30:28,594 --> 00:30:30,930
explanations that don't explain,
631
00:30:30,963 --> 00:30:33,432
you'll come up with
conclusions that don't conclude,
632
00:30:33,432 --> 00:30:35,467
and you'll come up
with people that you thought
633
00:30:35,501 --> 00:30:36,535
should be acting like pigs
634
00:30:36,535 --> 00:30:38,971
that's acting like people
and moving on pigs.
635
00:30:39,005 --> 00:30:40,172
And that's what we've got to do.
636
00:30:40,172 --> 00:30:42,374
So we're going to see
about Bobby regardless
637
00:30:42,441 --> 00:30:44,043
of what these people think
we should do,
638
00:30:44,043 --> 00:30:47,113
because school is not important
and work is not important.
639
00:30:47,146 --> 00:30:49,181
Nothing's more important
than stopping fascism,
640
00:30:49,181 --> 00:30:51,317
because fascism
will stop us all.
641
00:30:53,385 --> 00:30:55,554
[Deborah]
Someone came into the room,
642
00:30:55,621 --> 00:30:57,189
started shaking the Chairman,
643
00:30:57,189 --> 00:31:01,327
said, "Chairman, Chairman,
wake up, pigs was laughing."
644
00:31:01,360 --> 00:31:05,965
Still half asleep, I looked up
and I saw bullets coming
645
00:31:05,965 --> 00:31:08,834
from, it looked like,
the front of the apartment.
646
00:31:08,867 --> 00:31:10,636
-[baby cooing]
-Um...
647
00:31:12,038 --> 00:31:14,740
When he looked up,
he just looked up.
648
00:31:14,806 --> 00:31:17,143
He didn't say a word,
he didn't move,
649
00:31:17,143 --> 00:31:19,011
except for moving his head up.
650
00:31:19,045 --> 00:31:20,980
He laid his head back down...
651
00:31:21,880 --> 00:31:24,050
to his side like that.
652
00:31:24,050 --> 00:31:27,019
He never said a word,
he never got up off the bed.
653
00:31:28,254 --> 00:31:31,257
[Hanrahan] The immediate,
violent, criminal reaction
654
00:31:31,257 --> 00:31:32,224
of the occupants
655
00:31:32,224 --> 00:31:34,893
in shooting at
announced police officers,
656
00:31:34,927 --> 00:31:37,529
emphasizes
the extreme viciousness
657
00:31:37,563 --> 00:31:39,765
of the Black Panther Party.
658
00:31:39,765 --> 00:31:41,100
So does their refusal
659
00:31:41,167 --> 00:31:42,834
to cease firing
at the police officers
660
00:31:42,868 --> 00:31:45,837
when urged
to do so several times.
661
00:31:45,837 --> 00:31:47,073
Heard a pig say,
662
00:31:47,073 --> 00:31:49,908
"He's barely alive,
he'll barely make it."
663
00:31:51,210 --> 00:31:54,046
I assumed they were talking
about Chairman Fred.
664
00:31:55,347 --> 00:31:58,184
And then, they started
shooting at the pigs.
665
00:31:58,217 --> 00:32:00,619
They started shootin' at...
shootin' again.
666
00:32:01,453 --> 00:32:03,789
I heard a sister scream.
667
00:32:03,789 --> 00:32:05,291
They stopped shootin'.
668
00:32:05,357 --> 00:32:06,892
Pigs said,
669
00:32:06,925 --> 00:32:09,395
"He's good as dead now."
670
00:32:09,395 --> 00:32:11,630
[Hanrahan] Sergeant Groth
describes the raid
671
00:32:11,630 --> 00:32:14,300
as 15 minutes of hell
and a miracle.
672
00:32:14,300 --> 00:32:16,802
A miracle because
not one policeman was killed.
673
00:32:16,868 --> 00:32:21,073
A miracle because
not more policemen were shot.
674
00:32:21,107 --> 00:32:24,276
It's two and a half weeks
since Fred Hampton was murdered
675
00:32:24,276 --> 00:32:26,445
by the pigs who own this city.
676
00:32:26,445 --> 00:32:30,082
It's almost a year
since the massacres in Vietnam
677
00:32:30,116 --> 00:32:32,051
and the daily massacres
that go on
678
00:32:32,051 --> 00:32:34,053
against the people
of the world have occurred.
679
00:32:34,086 --> 00:32:35,387
And we want to announce
680
00:32:35,387 --> 00:32:37,289
that we're coming back
to the loop.
681
00:32:37,289 --> 00:32:40,292
That for people to be able
to enjoy Christmastime
682
00:32:40,292 --> 00:32:41,393
in this country,
683
00:32:41,427 --> 00:32:44,230
without remembering
and without making a choice,
684
00:32:44,230 --> 00:32:46,665
about the struggle
that's going on in the world,
685
00:32:46,665 --> 00:32:47,799
without taking action
686
00:32:47,799 --> 00:32:50,636
about a blatant murder
that takes place in the city
687
00:32:50,636 --> 00:32:54,906
against a revolutionary
black leader, is an obscenity.
688
00:32:54,940 --> 00:32:56,108
[Billy] At that time,
689
00:32:56,142 --> 00:32:59,978
we were talking earlier
about the corruption and, uh...
690
00:32:59,978 --> 00:33:02,181
acquiescence
of the American people
691
00:33:02,181 --> 00:33:04,183
as well as
the revolutionary traditions.
692
00:33:04,183 --> 00:33:05,751
And at that point,
693
00:33:05,784 --> 00:33:10,656
our political judgement
was only to see the corruption.
694
00:33:10,656 --> 00:33:12,258
Only to see the acquiescence.
695
00:33:12,291 --> 00:33:13,625
[interviewer]
Where are you going to march?
696
00:33:13,659 --> 00:33:15,661
Well, we'll march down
State Street with the crowd
697
00:33:15,661 --> 00:33:17,429
I mean, we live here in America
so you know,
698
00:33:17,463 --> 00:33:19,365
we're born here
in this country, too.
699
00:33:19,365 --> 00:33:21,700
And the notion
that we're outlaws
700
00:33:21,700 --> 00:33:22,534
has got to be put together
701
00:33:22,601 --> 00:33:24,803
with the fact
that America created us.
702
00:33:24,836 --> 00:33:27,273
And we're going to State Street
where the rest of it...
703
00:33:27,273 --> 00:33:29,108
rest of the people think
they can, they can go
704
00:33:29,108 --> 00:33:30,476
and, and be safe...
705
00:33:30,509 --> 00:33:32,511
[interviewer] If there's no room
on the sidewalk,
706
00:33:32,511 --> 00:33:33,779
would they go out
onto the street?
707
00:33:33,779 --> 00:33:34,846
Sure.
708
00:33:34,846 --> 00:33:37,283
[loud rumbling]
709
00:33:38,517 --> 00:33:40,886
[Billy] I think that we're...
we made plenty mistakes
710
00:33:40,952 --> 00:33:42,554
and we're not
a terrorist organization
711
00:33:42,554 --> 00:33:44,523
and we're not
an adventurist organization.
712
00:33:44,523 --> 00:33:49,128
And it's irresponsible of people
to make that accusation.
713
00:33:49,161 --> 00:33:51,497
Of course, we make mistakes.
714
00:33:51,497 --> 00:33:52,864
Of course...
715
00:33:52,864 --> 00:33:56,368
partial rebellions don't lead
immediately to revolution.
716
00:33:56,368 --> 00:33:58,370
And to, to call those things,
717
00:33:58,370 --> 00:34:01,373
to flatten those things out
or to single them out
718
00:34:01,373 --> 00:34:04,543
and blow them up and say,
"This is it.
719
00:34:04,543 --> 00:34:07,179
No progress, you lost.
720
00:34:07,213 --> 00:34:10,249
You made this mistake.
You're irrevocably branded,"
721
00:34:10,249 --> 00:34:14,019
is to strip revolution
of the fact that it's a process.
722
00:34:14,052 --> 00:34:16,021
And the process is everything.
723
00:34:16,021 --> 00:34:18,056
And that's
what we're involved in.
724
00:34:18,056 --> 00:34:19,758
[Mary] Do you think
there ever was a...
725
00:34:19,825 --> 00:34:21,026
an accurate criticism?
726
00:34:21,059 --> 00:34:24,163
[Bernardine] I think that
we believe in self-criticism.
727
00:34:24,163 --> 00:34:27,099
And we believe
that it's a major way
728
00:34:27,099 --> 00:34:29,067
in which the revolution
moves forward.
729
00:34:29,067 --> 00:34:31,069
We have responsibility
730
00:34:31,103 --> 00:34:33,272
to have a strategy
that takes into account
731
00:34:33,339 --> 00:34:35,574
the ups and downs
that it's gonna go through,
732
00:34:35,574 --> 00:34:39,411
and doesn't see only
in the down, an endless down,
733
00:34:39,445 --> 00:34:42,114
or only in the up,
an endless up.
734
00:34:42,114 --> 00:34:47,419
It's gonna be a struggle
that peaks and then rests
735
00:34:47,419 --> 00:34:49,188
and gathers back its strength,
736
00:34:49,221 --> 00:34:52,191
and learns from its mistakes,
and rises up again.
737
00:34:52,191 --> 00:34:54,960
And that's inevitable
because of the violence
738
00:34:54,960 --> 00:34:56,362
that's imbedded in the system.
739
00:34:56,395 --> 00:34:58,730
So the mistake was
not taking into account
740
00:34:58,730 --> 00:35:00,366
the long road, the whole thing,
741
00:35:00,366 --> 00:35:02,534
and understanding how much work
742
00:35:02,534 --> 00:35:04,736
was gonna have to go in
to organizing the people
743
00:35:04,770 --> 00:35:06,037
through every form of struggle,
744
00:35:06,037 --> 00:35:09,040
and every form of resistance,
and every form of fighting back,
745
00:35:09,074 --> 00:35:11,743
and focusing it on one means
of the struggle.
746
00:35:11,777 --> 00:35:14,213
We don't agree with
the criticisms of us that say
747
00:35:14,213 --> 00:35:15,947
"You go too fast,
you go too far,
748
00:35:15,947 --> 00:35:17,416
you're too violent."
749
00:35:17,449 --> 00:35:20,786
Because we feel like
that's all we said
750
00:35:20,786 --> 00:35:22,154
of people who were fighting back
751
00:35:22,154 --> 00:35:24,323
and that's all we said
of the many accusation
752
00:35:24,323 --> 00:35:25,457
made against revolutionaries.
753
00:35:25,457 --> 00:35:26,925
We feel our actions have been
754
00:35:26,958 --> 00:35:32,264
responsible and accountable
to the, to the struggles
755
00:35:32,264 --> 00:35:35,100
and to the legitimate demands
for freedom
756
00:35:35,100 --> 00:35:37,269
and for liberation
of most people.
757
00:35:37,303 --> 00:35:38,837
[Billy]
For a successful revolution
758
00:35:38,837 --> 00:35:40,606
to take place, um...
759
00:35:40,639 --> 00:35:43,242
the vast majority of people
have to be involved in it
760
00:35:43,242 --> 00:35:45,911
and support it and, uh,
fighting in it.
761
00:35:45,944 --> 00:35:47,446
With some people doing...
762
00:35:47,446 --> 00:35:49,415
Within that structure,
different people doing,
763
00:35:49,415 --> 00:35:51,082
doing different types
of fighting,
764
00:35:51,082 --> 00:35:52,451
some people leading
mass struggles,
765
00:35:52,484 --> 00:35:55,487
some people leading
the armed struggle, um...
766
00:35:55,487 --> 00:35:57,789
and those things very...
being very closely related.
767
00:35:57,789 --> 00:36:00,125
So that means
that everything that we do
768
00:36:00,125 --> 00:36:05,331
is built around a strategy
of trying to mobilize, lead,
769
00:36:05,331 --> 00:36:08,166
and/or participate
in those struggles.
770
00:36:08,200 --> 00:36:09,601
[Bernardine]
Our actions have been against
771
00:36:09,635 --> 00:36:12,204
the property and the symbols
and the institutions
772
00:36:12,204 --> 00:36:14,105
of the ruling class.
773
00:36:14,139 --> 00:36:17,443
At this stage of the struggle,
it's our own propaganda.
774
00:36:28,153 --> 00:36:29,988
[commissioner] One copy was
775
00:36:30,021 --> 00:36:32,190
addressed to
the Associated Press,
776
00:36:32,190 --> 00:36:35,461
one copy was addressed
to, uh, NBC,
777
00:36:35,494 --> 00:36:38,497
and one copy was addressed
to New York Post.
778
00:36:38,497 --> 00:36:42,234
I'm going to give you copies
of the letters if you'd like.
779
00:36:42,234 --> 00:36:43,902
They have a logo.
780
00:36:43,969 --> 00:36:47,239
They say this morning
we attacked the Banco de Ponce
781
00:36:47,239 --> 00:36:48,740
in Rockefeller Center.
782
00:36:48,740 --> 00:36:51,009
A bank controlled
by the multimillion-dollar
783
00:36:51,042 --> 00:36:53,712
Ferré Enterprises
of Puerto Rico.
784
00:36:53,712 --> 00:36:56,348
Then it goes on
about the cement strike,
785
00:36:56,382 --> 00:36:59,318
directly challenges
the Ferré family
786
00:36:59,318 --> 00:37:02,321
which owns Ironworks,
hotels, newspapers, banks,
787
00:37:02,354 --> 00:37:05,056
and construction companies.
788
00:37:05,056 --> 00:37:07,859
[Bernardine] Puerto Rico is
a colony of the United States.
789
00:37:07,893 --> 00:37:10,862
What does it mean
to be a colony?
790
00:37:10,862 --> 00:37:12,998
It means that the wealth
of the island,
791
00:37:12,998 --> 00:37:15,734
its resources,
and the labor of its people
792
00:37:15,734 --> 00:37:17,903
are brought back
to the United States.
793
00:37:17,936 --> 00:37:20,238
To the profit
of the big corporations.
794
00:37:21,773 --> 00:37:24,343
Eighty-five percent
of all the industrial capital
795
00:37:24,376 --> 00:37:25,411
in Puerto Rico
796
00:37:25,411 --> 00:37:27,212
is in the hands
of North Americans.
797
00:37:27,245 --> 00:37:29,681
Thirteen percent
of the good land in Puerto Rico
798
00:37:29,681 --> 00:37:32,518
is taken up
by US military bases.
799
00:37:32,518 --> 00:37:37,689
The United States imposes
on Puerto Rico its own language,
800
00:37:37,723 --> 00:37:40,225
a tourist culture
of prostitution,
801
00:37:40,258 --> 00:37:42,361
big hotels, gambling.
802
00:37:42,361 --> 00:37:43,695
The destruction of agriculture
803
00:37:43,729 --> 00:37:45,697
which forces people
off the land.
804
00:37:45,697 --> 00:37:47,466
It makes them unemployed
in the cities
805
00:37:47,466 --> 00:37:50,235
or in search for employment
in the United States.
806
00:37:50,969 --> 00:37:52,471
Sterilization programs.
807
00:37:52,538 --> 00:37:53,805
A third
of the Puerto Rican women
808
00:37:53,805 --> 00:37:57,275
of child-bearing age
have been sterilized.
809
00:37:57,275 --> 00:37:58,477
[AlgarÃn in Spanish]
Viejo que has visto
810
00:37:58,544 --> 00:38:00,612
la isla perder sus hijos.
811
00:38:00,612 --> 00:38:01,813
[AlgarÃn in English]
Are there guns
812
00:38:01,880 --> 00:38:06,251
to deal with genocide,
expatriation?
813
00:38:06,284 --> 00:38:09,220
Are there arms
to hold the exodus
814
00:38:09,220 --> 00:38:12,391
of Borinqueños from Borinquen?
815
00:38:13,058 --> 00:38:15,226
We have been moved,
816
00:38:15,226 --> 00:38:17,228
we have been shipped,
817
00:38:17,228 --> 00:38:22,233
we have been parcel posted
first by water, then by air.
818
00:38:22,267 --> 00:38:24,636
El Correo has special prices
819
00:38:24,636 --> 00:38:27,973
for the "low island element"
to be removed,
820
00:38:27,973 --> 00:38:31,142
then dumped
into the inner-city ghettos.
821
00:38:31,176 --> 00:38:32,277
Viejo.
822
00:38:32,310 --> 00:38:36,181
Viejo,we are the minority here
in Borinquen.
823
00:38:36,181 --> 00:38:38,684
We, the Puerto Rican,
824
00:38:38,684 --> 00:38:42,854
the original man of this island
is in the minority.
825
00:38:42,854 --> 00:38:44,956
I writhe with pain,
826
00:38:44,990 --> 00:38:46,958
I jump with anger.
827
00:38:46,958 --> 00:38:48,627
I know. I see.
828
00:38:48,627 --> 00:38:51,463
I am "la minorÃa de la isla."
829
00:38:51,463 --> 00:38:54,800
Viejo, viejo anciano,
do you hear me?
830
00:38:54,833 --> 00:38:59,505
There are no more
Puerto Ricans in Borinquen.
831
00:38:59,505 --> 00:39:01,507
[Bernardine]
Puerto Rico has a long history
832
00:39:01,540 --> 00:39:04,376
of great fighters
for independence.
833
00:39:04,376 --> 00:39:06,111
So the working class
and the poor people
834
00:39:06,144 --> 00:39:08,447
of the United States,
to free themselves,
835
00:39:08,447 --> 00:39:11,116
we must link up
with mass liberation struggles,
836
00:39:11,116 --> 00:39:14,019
such as the Puerto Rican
movement for independence.
837
00:39:14,019 --> 00:39:18,189
We must join in full solidarity,
embrace it as our own,
838
00:39:18,189 --> 00:39:19,891
for we have a common enemy.
839
00:39:22,661 --> 00:39:24,329
[Chief] The letters were
recovered
840
00:39:24,362 --> 00:39:26,197
at 10th Street and Greenwich.
841
00:39:26,197 --> 00:39:28,500
At this time,
we have no arrests.
842
00:39:30,869 --> 00:39:33,071
[Bernardine]
We've got the CBS offers,
843
00:39:33,071 --> 00:39:34,573
we get them frequently enough,
844
00:39:34,640 --> 00:39:37,876
and we don't know
how to make a film or do TV.
845
00:39:37,876 --> 00:39:41,513
And don't want
to be cutting between two ads
846
00:39:41,547 --> 00:39:43,915
and the evening news, you know?
847
00:39:43,915 --> 00:39:45,417
Because...
848
00:39:46,151 --> 00:39:47,152
[clears throat]
849
00:39:49,387 --> 00:39:50,689
...then it's all appearance.
850
00:39:50,689 --> 00:39:53,091
And it's not, you know,
it's not uh...
851
00:39:55,260 --> 00:39:56,728
it's not
what's really happening.
852
00:39:56,728 --> 00:39:58,864
It's not how people feel.
853
00:39:58,897 --> 00:40:01,567
[Jeff] It certainly seemed
to us, um, last night,
854
00:40:01,567 --> 00:40:04,002
that it was more complicated
and more difficult
855
00:40:04,035 --> 00:40:05,070
than we thought it was gonna be.
856
00:40:05,070 --> 00:40:08,273
It was not so much
having to do with the, uh...
857
00:40:08,339 --> 00:40:10,408
difficulty of the, uh,
strange equipment
858
00:40:10,408 --> 00:40:14,680
or even, um,
that we're in a space which, uh,
859
00:40:14,713 --> 00:40:16,181
which we're not used
to being in.
860
00:40:16,181 --> 00:40:19,851
I don't really feel like these,
the words which we...
861
00:40:19,851 --> 00:40:23,354
which we're shying away from
are really rhetoric.
862
00:40:23,354 --> 00:40:26,191
Just because large,
large numbers of people
863
00:40:26,191 --> 00:40:28,293
are not, uh, comfortable
864
00:40:28,293 --> 00:40:29,628
with saying a word
like "imperialism,"
865
00:40:29,628 --> 00:40:30,762
doesn't mean it's rhetoric.
866
00:40:30,762 --> 00:40:33,599
It means we have, we have a job
867
00:40:33,599 --> 00:40:36,434
over the long run, which is...
868
00:40:36,468 --> 00:40:38,770
to find some way to explain
what imperialism is.
869
00:40:38,770 --> 00:40:40,606
We have no choice
but to use the word.
870
00:40:40,606 --> 00:40:43,208
The same is true for racism.
871
00:40:43,241 --> 00:40:46,444
So, so rhetoric
is, uh, is only rhetoric
872
00:40:46,444 --> 00:40:48,947
if you can't find a way
to explain it.
873
00:40:48,947 --> 00:40:50,549
To make it make sense.
874
00:40:50,582 --> 00:40:52,417
[Billy] I find all of this,
you know,
875
00:40:52,417 --> 00:40:55,420
incredibly constricting
and false for us
876
00:40:55,420 --> 00:40:56,788
to be able to express who we are
877
00:40:56,788 --> 00:40:58,456
and I think it could be better
878
00:40:58,456 --> 00:41:01,660
if we were talking
to each other, um,
879
00:41:01,727 --> 00:41:04,295
with, probably with
the tape machine running,
880
00:41:04,295 --> 00:41:05,631
but not the cameras running.
881
00:41:05,631 --> 00:41:08,767
Because it requires us
to get into these postures
882
00:41:08,800 --> 00:41:11,670
that are, um,
incredibly uncomfortable.
883
00:41:11,670 --> 00:41:12,838
If that machine were off,
884
00:41:12,838 --> 00:41:15,774
you could come and join us
on the floor, we could...
885
00:41:15,807 --> 00:41:17,275
[Mary] Except, the problem is,
we're making a film
886
00:41:17,275 --> 00:41:19,611
and every time that you say,
"Okay, now we're ready,
887
00:41:19,645 --> 00:41:22,113
we're gonna start
to film again, it'll be...
888
00:41:23,148 --> 00:41:24,249
the same thing'll happen again.
889
00:41:24,249 --> 00:41:26,017
And it seems to me,
each time we do this, you know,
890
00:41:26,017 --> 00:41:28,419
we're struggling to find
the form of what we're doing,
891
00:41:28,453 --> 00:41:30,956
and as we sit and we do that
892
00:41:30,989 --> 00:41:32,624
hopefully,
we're getting better at it
893
00:41:32,624 --> 00:41:34,926
and we're beginning
to get an idea of...
894
00:41:34,926 --> 00:41:36,962
And relaxing
and getting to know each other
895
00:41:36,995 --> 00:41:38,096
within this context,
896
00:41:38,096 --> 00:41:40,932
'cause this is the context
that is gonna go out.
897
00:41:40,966 --> 00:41:42,968
[Jeff] I feel like I've learned
something the last day
898
00:41:43,001 --> 00:41:46,204
which is that I now know
that I'm gonna be uncomfortable
899
00:41:46,204 --> 00:41:47,338
through this whole project.
900
00:41:47,338 --> 00:41:50,041
From beginning to end.
And I thought I wasn't gonna be.
901
00:41:50,108 --> 00:41:51,677
I thought I was gonna be
uncomfortable
902
00:41:51,677 --> 00:41:55,814
yesterday morning, like,
when we, we started, um...
903
00:41:55,847 --> 00:41:58,016
Everyone has sort of
given me some sympathy
904
00:41:58,016 --> 00:41:59,851
for being in a,
in a difficult situation
905
00:41:59,851 --> 00:42:00,986
but it didn't bother me at all
906
00:42:01,019 --> 00:42:03,054
because I knew
it was gonna be like that.
907
00:42:03,054 --> 00:42:04,723
What I didn't realize
was that later in the afternoon
908
00:42:04,790 --> 00:42:08,226
it was still gonna be like that.
Now, my right leg is asleep.
909
00:42:08,226 --> 00:42:09,661
[all chuckling]
910
00:42:09,695 --> 00:42:10,829
That's the way it's gonna be.
911
00:42:10,829 --> 00:42:12,831
And, um, all of these,
912
00:42:12,864 --> 00:42:15,801
all of this equipment
is contradictory.
913
00:42:15,801 --> 00:42:18,203
Um, it can be used
by the ruling class
914
00:42:18,203 --> 00:42:20,471
or it can be used
by the working class.
915
00:42:20,505 --> 00:42:22,040
Just because we happen to be
916
00:42:22,040 --> 00:42:24,209
on the revolutionary side
of the class struggle
917
00:42:24,209 --> 00:42:26,845
doesn't mean that it's gonna be
comfortable for us.
918
00:42:26,878 --> 00:42:28,246
[Bernardine] Here we are.
We're in a house,
919
00:42:28,246 --> 00:42:29,748
the windows are boarded up.
920
00:42:29,815 --> 00:42:32,751
We're all sitting around,
it's very awkward,
921
00:42:32,751 --> 00:42:35,654
but we're trying to deal with
the discipline of the situation.
922
00:42:35,687 --> 00:42:38,356
You have accepted
the discipline of the situation.
923
00:42:38,389 --> 00:42:41,259
And we are willing
to take the risk of doing this
924
00:42:41,259 --> 00:42:43,194
because it seemed like...
925
00:42:44,896 --> 00:42:46,665
we could speak
to a lot of people.
926
00:42:46,665 --> 00:42:48,166
And we do wanna do that.
927
00:42:48,199 --> 00:42:50,535
And we, no matter how political
and revolutionary
928
00:42:50,568 --> 00:42:52,738
we think we might be,
929
00:42:52,738 --> 00:42:55,006
are people
who are making a film.
930
00:42:55,006 --> 00:42:57,909
There is that lens
that stands between you
931
00:42:57,909 --> 00:42:59,277
-and between us.
-[Billy] Right.
932
00:42:59,344 --> 00:43:01,379
[Bernardine] There's no question
that we're special.
933
00:43:01,412 --> 00:43:02,748
We're professional
revolutionaries
934
00:43:02,748 --> 00:43:05,250
and most people are not
professional revolutionaries
935
00:43:05,250 --> 00:43:06,551
and we're also fugitives.
936
00:43:06,584 --> 00:43:09,520
And, so, that's true.
937
00:43:09,520 --> 00:43:10,689
-[Bernardine laughs]
-You're what makes
938
00:43:10,689 --> 00:43:12,023
-the special situation?
-[Bernardine] Yeah, of course.
939
00:43:12,023 --> 00:43:14,192
You, yourselves, know
that you're a minority.
940
00:43:14,225 --> 00:43:17,696
As professional revolutionaries
always are
941
00:43:17,696 --> 00:43:19,698
at a certain stage
in the development of history.
942
00:43:19,698 --> 00:43:22,200
[Kathy] What is the best way
for us to make a film
943
00:43:22,200 --> 00:43:23,869
that moves other people?
944
00:43:23,869 --> 00:43:26,071
That moves many people?
945
00:43:26,104 --> 00:43:28,239
To feel that they can
make a revolution
946
00:43:28,239 --> 00:43:29,207
in this country?
947
00:43:29,207 --> 00:43:30,709
[Emile] By telling us
how you got there.
948
00:43:30,742 --> 00:43:34,045
You, a woman of a certain age,
in the United States,
949
00:43:34,045 --> 00:43:36,715
under these conditions,
under these events,
950
00:43:36,748 --> 00:43:38,616
you reacted in this way.
951
00:43:38,616 --> 00:43:39,885
You have these fears,
952
00:43:39,918 --> 00:43:42,387
you have these strengths,
you have these ideas.
953
00:43:42,387 --> 00:43:44,422
And so,
you've come to this place
954
00:43:44,455 --> 00:43:46,792
in, in, in American society,
955
00:43:46,792 --> 00:43:48,760
which I happen to think
is a very good place to be
956
00:43:48,794 --> 00:43:50,796
in American society today.
957
00:43:50,796 --> 00:43:52,463
And, how did you get there?
958
00:43:52,463 --> 00:43:54,632
You can't say, "Miss X,
959
00:43:54,632 --> 00:43:56,802
born of middle-class parents
in New York,
960
00:43:56,835 --> 00:43:57,969
etcetera, etcetera."
961
00:43:57,969 --> 00:43:59,404
Who the hell cares about Miss X?
962
00:43:59,437 --> 00:44:00,772
[Jeff] We're, we're scientists,
963
00:44:00,772 --> 00:44:03,574
we're professional,
full-time revolutionaries
964
00:44:03,574 --> 00:44:05,744
and, and we got this way
965
00:44:05,744 --> 00:44:09,247
for very specific reasons,
political reasons,
966
00:44:09,280 --> 00:44:10,448
we study a lot,
967
00:44:10,448 --> 00:44:12,984
we think all the time
about certain kinds of things.
968
00:44:12,984 --> 00:44:15,954
Anybody else could do that too.
Anytime they wanted.
969
00:44:15,987 --> 00:44:17,689
[Cathy] But, the point of view
970
00:44:17,689 --> 00:44:19,858
of television, of textbooks,
of all of that,
971
00:44:19,858 --> 00:44:23,094
is the point of view
of the people who make money,
972
00:44:23,128 --> 00:44:25,463
who govern,
who rule the country.
973
00:44:25,496 --> 00:44:28,666
Um, and so,
we're taught to identify
974
00:44:28,666 --> 00:44:30,702
with their successes
or their failures.
975
00:44:30,702 --> 00:44:32,270
What we're saying is that
976
00:44:32,303 --> 00:44:35,040
it's the success or failure
of masses of people.
977
00:44:35,040 --> 00:44:36,942
[Bernardine] So it definitely is
the combination
978
00:44:36,975 --> 00:44:39,811
of the pushing and pulling
between us.
979
00:44:39,811 --> 00:44:43,148
I think that's the only chance
of making it work.
980
00:44:43,148 --> 00:44:45,316
[Jeff] I think that
what we agreed about last night
981
00:44:45,350 --> 00:44:50,188
is that, we would try
to understand and get deeper
982
00:44:50,188 --> 00:44:52,690
into the questions
that you want answered.
983
00:44:52,690 --> 00:44:55,060
That's why we're gonna go
into the explosion
984
00:44:55,126 --> 00:44:56,828
at Greenwich,
in Greenwich Village,
985
00:44:56,862 --> 00:44:59,865
and several other things
that you think are important.
986
00:44:59,865 --> 00:45:02,000
We want you to be able to make
a good film.
987
00:45:02,033 --> 00:45:04,736
You think that
to be able to make a good film
988
00:45:04,736 --> 00:45:06,704
this is the kind of thing
that's necessary.
989
00:45:06,704 --> 00:45:07,873
So that, we should do.
990
00:45:07,873 --> 00:45:10,041
It's not what we would portray
991
00:45:10,075 --> 00:45:13,244
if we were making
a film ourselves.
992
00:45:14,579 --> 00:45:16,915
[Kathy] There's a poem written
that's called,
993
00:45:16,915 --> 00:45:18,383
that was written
after the townhouse.
994
00:45:18,383 --> 00:45:21,419
It was called What It Feels Like
to Be Inside an Explosion.
995
00:45:22,988 --> 00:45:25,924
How long an explosion goes on.
996
00:45:25,924 --> 00:45:27,658
Rumble of it.
997
00:45:27,692 --> 00:45:29,427
It's that kind of time
998
00:45:29,427 --> 00:45:32,330
that can't be counted
on a clock.
999
00:45:32,363 --> 00:45:35,566
It's that kind of time
that seems to go on forever
1000
00:45:35,566 --> 00:45:39,938
and you have a chance
to see your whole life
1001
00:45:40,571 --> 00:45:41,606
in that moment,
1002
00:45:41,606 --> 00:45:43,741
and also the lives
of your friends.
1003
00:45:44,542 --> 00:45:45,944
As far as we can determine,
1004
00:45:45,944 --> 00:45:49,347
the fire was caused
by an explosion
1005
00:45:49,380 --> 00:45:50,916
down in the cellar
1006
00:45:50,916 --> 00:45:53,518
that blew out the front
and side walls,
1007
00:45:53,551 --> 00:45:55,353
collapsed three of the floors,
1008
00:45:55,353 --> 00:45:59,757
and it uh, uh, caused
a severe fire and engaged...
1009
00:45:59,757 --> 00:46:01,259
involved the whole building.
1010
00:46:01,259 --> 00:46:03,795
We have two people
who got out safely
1011
00:46:03,862 --> 00:46:05,964
and there's one reported
still in there.
1012
00:46:05,964 --> 00:46:08,934
[Bernardine] It was a long
dynamite explosion.
1013
00:46:08,934 --> 00:46:11,769
And it tore the basement
and the first floor
1014
00:46:11,803 --> 00:46:13,471
of the house apart.
1015
00:46:13,538 --> 00:46:16,407
We all could've been there.
1016
00:46:16,441 --> 00:46:19,110
And we've all talked about it
and know what happened.
1017
00:46:19,110 --> 00:46:23,281
And we're part of what happened
to the three people who died.
1018
00:46:23,281 --> 00:46:26,284
So, the story
of what happened there, really,
1019
00:46:26,284 --> 00:46:28,453
is the history
of the whole organization.
1020
00:46:30,989 --> 00:46:35,160
[Jeff] The people who were
inside, who survived,
1021
00:46:35,160 --> 00:46:38,263
um, fought their way out
through, uh,
1022
00:46:38,296 --> 00:46:41,666
a collapsed floor
that fell into a 20-foot hole.
1023
00:46:41,666 --> 00:46:42,800
Uh...
1024
00:46:42,800 --> 00:46:46,337
pitch black, dust everywhere,
out onto the street.
1025
00:46:46,404 --> 00:46:47,405
[Cathy] And soon,
the fire started.
1026
00:46:47,438 --> 00:46:48,739
-[Billy] The fire--
-[Jeff] The fire
1027
00:46:48,739 --> 00:46:50,909
was just starting
as they got out of the house.
1028
00:46:50,909 --> 00:46:53,278
And a crowd
was already gathering.
1029
00:46:53,311 --> 00:46:56,948
They had really only one,
uh, thing to do.
1030
00:46:56,948 --> 00:46:59,150
And that was to get away
from the area, fast.
1031
00:46:59,150 --> 00:47:00,651
So they went down
into the subway,
1032
00:47:00,651 --> 00:47:04,089
and they were broke,
completely broke, had nothing,
1033
00:47:04,122 --> 00:47:06,491
went through the turnstile
two at a time,
1034
00:47:06,491 --> 00:47:09,294
the way people do in New York
when they can't afford a token.
1035
00:47:09,327 --> 00:47:11,362
And got on the subway
and immediately began
1036
00:47:11,362 --> 00:47:14,032
panhandling enough money
to get to the next stop.
1037
00:47:14,032 --> 00:47:16,534
[Bernardine] Everybody looked
at the situation that night
1038
00:47:16,534 --> 00:47:18,469
and decided "this is it,"
1039
00:47:18,503 --> 00:47:20,838
and that happened
in ten different cities,
1040
00:47:20,838 --> 00:47:22,440
fifteen different cities.
1041
00:47:22,473 --> 00:47:26,477
[Cathy] And from that point on,
we were able to disappear.
1042
00:47:26,477 --> 00:47:29,881
Even though our pictures were
on the front page of the paper
1043
00:47:29,881 --> 00:47:32,683
every day for days after that.
1044
00:47:32,683 --> 00:47:33,851
[Kathy]
One of the amazing things
1045
00:47:33,885 --> 00:47:34,953
in the days following
1046
00:47:34,986 --> 00:47:37,288
was riding the subways
or watching TV
1047
00:47:37,288 --> 00:47:40,191
and seeing our pictures
all around,
1048
00:47:40,191 --> 00:47:41,826
knowing that
we were being looked for.
1049
00:47:41,859 --> 00:47:43,794
And knowing that
they weren't able to find us.
1050
00:47:43,794 --> 00:47:45,897
[Bernardine]
People that we went to for help
1051
00:47:45,897 --> 00:47:48,066
all took us in immediately
1052
00:47:48,066 --> 00:47:51,336
and were really happy to see
whoever knocked on the door.
1053
00:47:51,369 --> 00:47:54,805
And that part of it was actually
a lesson to us
1054
00:47:54,805 --> 00:47:55,907
about what we were
talking about before,
1055
00:47:55,907 --> 00:47:58,977
about to the extent
that we underestimated people.
1056
00:47:59,010 --> 00:48:01,346
Or thought that people
couldn't sort out
1057
00:48:01,379 --> 00:48:03,548
the main things
that were going on.
1058
00:48:03,548 --> 00:48:04,482
That was...
1059
00:48:04,515 --> 00:48:06,351
started to be proven wrong
right away.
1060
00:48:06,351 --> 00:48:08,819
[Mary] Can you tell us
a little bit about
1061
00:48:08,819 --> 00:48:11,322
the people that were
in the townhouse?
1062
00:48:11,356 --> 00:48:15,226
[Cathy] Ted Gold, Terry Robbins,
and Diana Oughton
1063
00:48:15,226 --> 00:48:19,497
were three very courageous
and beautiful comrades.
1064
00:48:19,530 --> 00:48:24,602
And they exemplify the intensity
of the struggle at that point.
1065
00:48:24,602 --> 00:48:28,706
The fact that people
in this country have died
1066
00:48:28,739 --> 00:48:30,575
for the struggle, for freedom.
1067
00:48:30,575 --> 00:48:33,411
Also, that people
were willing to die,
1068
00:48:33,411 --> 00:48:35,080
were putting their lives
on the line around
1069
00:48:35,113 --> 00:48:36,847
and in the war in Vietnam.
1070
00:48:36,881 --> 00:48:38,249
Diane was a teacher.
1071
00:48:38,249 --> 00:48:40,851
She, um, that's what
she was primarily.
1072
00:48:40,885 --> 00:48:42,620
She was that
in a lot of different places.
1073
00:48:42,620 --> 00:48:44,122
In Philadelphia,
1074
00:48:44,122 --> 00:48:46,857
in a remote Indian village,
Chichicastenango,
1075
00:48:46,891 --> 00:48:48,193
in Guatemala.
1076
00:48:48,193 --> 00:48:50,528
She was also part
of the Women's Movement.
1077
00:48:50,528 --> 00:48:52,197
She's a person who knew
her own mind.
1078
00:48:52,230 --> 00:48:56,434
I thought she was
a very, uh, disciplined person.
1079
00:48:56,434 --> 00:48:58,936
She also was
a very strong-willed person.
1080
00:48:58,936 --> 00:49:01,239
And she made her decisions
about her life
1081
00:49:01,272 --> 00:49:03,108
thoughtfully and carefully.
1082
00:49:03,108 --> 00:49:05,610
And she did things
with her eyes wide open.
1083
00:49:05,610 --> 00:49:06,711
They all three did.
1084
00:49:06,744 --> 00:49:10,315
And they had decided
at that point in their lives
1085
00:49:10,315 --> 00:49:13,318
to begin armed struggle
in the United States.
1086
00:49:13,318 --> 00:49:16,287
This was as thoughtful
and as careful a decision
1087
00:49:16,287 --> 00:49:20,458
on their part as anybody,
as any revolutionary ever makes.
1088
00:49:20,458 --> 00:49:23,161
That's where it becomes
a soap opera about their lives.
1089
00:49:23,228 --> 00:49:24,495
That's what's torn away from it,
1090
00:49:24,495 --> 00:49:27,598
is the fact that people
do make decisions like that
1091
00:49:27,632 --> 00:49:30,068
and take their destiny
into their own hands
1092
00:49:30,068 --> 00:49:32,170
[Emile]Who chose Dylan's song?
1093
00:49:32,170 --> 00:49:33,438
-[Billy] Terry chose it.
-[Emile] Terry?
1094
00:49:33,471 --> 00:49:37,742
[Jeff] Yeah, Terry
was a, an aficionado of Dylan.
1095
00:49:37,742 --> 00:49:39,410
A real fan.
1096
00:49:39,444 --> 00:49:42,347
And, uh, he picked that name.
1097
00:49:42,347 --> 00:49:45,083
[Bernardine]He knew every word
to every song Dylan ever wrote.
1098
00:49:45,116 --> 00:49:47,518
[Cathy] Terry had dropped out
of college at 16
1099
00:49:47,518 --> 00:49:50,855
to do community organizing
in Cleveland, Ohio.
1100
00:49:50,855 --> 00:49:52,657
Teddy had fought at Columbia,
1101
00:49:52,657 --> 00:49:54,459
and been involved
in the Columbia struggle.
1102
00:49:54,492 --> 00:49:58,829
[Bernardine]
Teddy was a New York-raised kid.
1103
00:49:58,829 --> 00:50:01,299
Played street basketball
in New York,
1104
00:50:01,332 --> 00:50:03,768
grew up in the New York
public school system.
1105
00:50:03,768 --> 00:50:04,869
A red diaper baby.
1106
00:50:04,869 --> 00:50:08,539
He founded Teachers
for a Democratic Society, TDS.
1107
00:50:08,539 --> 00:50:11,642
You can still see today,
five years later in New York,
1108
00:50:11,676 --> 00:50:16,147
um, Teddy's handwriting
all over New York.
1109
00:50:16,147 --> 00:50:17,548
And a very distinctive, um,
1110
00:50:17,548 --> 00:50:21,319
"Bring the war home.
End the war in Vietnam,"
1111
00:50:21,352 --> 00:50:24,989
uh, on the subways and walls
in the Lower East Side.
1112
00:50:24,989 --> 00:50:27,292
-[Jeff] "The NLF has won."
-Oh, yeah.
1113
00:50:27,292 --> 00:50:28,526
[Bernardine chuckles]
1114
00:50:28,526 --> 00:50:30,961
[Bernardine] It wasn't
the first thing anybody did.
1115
00:50:30,995 --> 00:50:33,531
And it wasn't out of the blue.
1116
00:50:33,531 --> 00:50:37,034
So people had become
revolutionaries slowly,
1117
00:50:37,034 --> 00:50:39,670
one step at a time,
had gone to jail,
1118
00:50:39,704 --> 00:50:43,508
had done all kinds
of other actions before that.
1119
00:50:43,508 --> 00:50:45,976
It's not mysterious
in that sense.
1120
00:50:45,976 --> 00:50:48,579
It came out
of real people's changes.
1121
00:50:48,579 --> 00:50:50,081
and real people's lives.
1122
00:50:50,081 --> 00:50:53,751
[Jeff] Every year on March 6th,
we, uh...
1123
00:50:54,885 --> 00:50:56,654
We stop and remember.
1124
00:50:56,687 --> 00:50:59,690
Because this is, this is
of signal importance to us.
1125
00:50:59,690 --> 00:51:01,226
It, uh...
1126
00:51:01,226 --> 00:51:03,494
it marks the beginning for us
1127
00:51:03,528 --> 00:51:05,696
of, of, of period
of being underground
1128
00:51:05,730 --> 00:51:07,064
and in active combat.
1129
00:51:07,064 --> 00:51:10,067
And it marks the ending
of, uh...
1130
00:51:10,067 --> 00:51:13,104
three people's lives
who we loved
1131
00:51:13,171 --> 00:51:15,540
and were intimate with.
1132
00:51:15,573 --> 00:51:18,876
[Cathy] One of the, uh, errors
that I think was made
1133
00:51:18,876 --> 00:51:22,046
among the people who were there
that caused the explosion
1134
00:51:22,079 --> 00:51:24,282
was that people
didn't take their own safety
1135
00:51:24,282 --> 00:51:26,083
into account enough
1136
00:51:26,083 --> 00:51:28,419
and didn't see that as
an essential part
1137
00:51:28,419 --> 00:51:31,422
of doing any action
or any struggle in this country.
1138
00:51:31,422 --> 00:51:33,558
And it's falling into a trap
1139
00:51:33,591 --> 00:51:35,092
that's laid
by the state of pe...
1140
00:51:35,092 --> 00:51:39,597
of making people not feel like
they're worthy or worthwhile.
1141
00:51:39,597 --> 00:51:42,600
Each person
has the responsibility
1142
00:51:42,600 --> 00:51:45,035
for taking care.
1143
00:51:45,069 --> 00:51:46,971
For being careful.
1144
00:51:46,971 --> 00:51:49,474
They were trying to state
their commitment
1145
00:51:49,540 --> 00:51:52,076
in a total way
without being careful.
1146
00:51:52,109 --> 00:51:53,644
And that was a mistake.
1147
00:51:54,779 --> 00:51:56,614
[Jeff] Mistakes were made
1148
00:51:56,614 --> 00:51:59,417
but we don't think
that it should be used
1149
00:51:59,417 --> 00:52:03,321
as repudiation of the necessity
for armed struggle,
1150
00:52:03,321 --> 00:52:04,622
in order, in the long run,
1151
00:52:04,622 --> 00:52:08,593
to, uh, build a successful
revolutionary movement.
1152
00:52:08,626 --> 00:52:12,630
[Cathy] We saw going underground
as part of building
1153
00:52:12,630 --> 00:52:16,133
and diversifying
and deepening the struggle
1154
00:52:16,133 --> 00:52:18,236
and giving it a new aspect
and element,
1155
00:52:18,236 --> 00:52:21,272
which was the capacity
to live and work
1156
00:52:21,306 --> 00:52:22,907
from a space
that wasn't under attack
1157
00:52:22,907 --> 00:52:26,143
and wasn't under the eyes
of the state day to day.
1158
00:52:28,613 --> 00:52:30,981
[Kathy] This is a poem
for Assata Shakur.
1159
00:52:30,981 --> 00:52:32,750
She says it herself,
1160
00:52:32,783 --> 00:52:35,753
"I'm a black revolutionary
and by definition,
1161
00:52:35,753 --> 00:52:38,356
that makes me part
of the Black Liberation Army."
1162
00:52:39,156 --> 00:52:41,626
For Assata Shakur.
1163
00:52:41,626 --> 00:52:44,028
"Underground"
is not the right word.
1164
00:52:44,028 --> 00:52:45,663
It makes it seem too simple.
1165
00:52:45,663 --> 00:52:47,932
As if there is
an easy way to disappear,
1166
00:52:47,965 --> 00:52:49,467
a place to go.
1167
00:52:49,500 --> 00:52:53,204
Beneath the city streets,
there is no safe passage.
1168
00:52:54,472 --> 00:52:56,641
You moved among your people,
a gentle wind.
1169
00:52:56,641 --> 00:52:58,976
Invisibly winding
into their lives.
1170
00:52:59,009 --> 00:53:02,179
Constrained a normal human
response to daily injustice
1171
00:53:02,179 --> 00:53:03,681
with an exhausting effort.
1172
00:53:03,681 --> 00:53:06,951
A ballooning breath of anger
caged inside.
1173
00:53:06,951 --> 00:53:09,787
Carefully choosing
the moment of attack.
1174
00:53:09,820 --> 00:53:11,155
And with muscles taut,
1175
00:53:11,188 --> 00:53:12,657
like the stretched skin
of a drum,
1176
00:53:12,657 --> 00:53:14,825
will the subways
between two businessmen
1177
00:53:14,825 --> 00:53:17,828
studying your picture
in The New York Times.
1178
00:53:17,828 --> 00:53:19,897
Although we had never seen
one another,
1179
00:53:19,897 --> 00:53:22,567
I wondered how you liked
to spend those moments.
1180
00:53:22,633 --> 00:53:25,970
When freedom meant
you knew they didn't know.
1181
00:53:25,970 --> 00:53:29,039
And during those last months
when they hunted you hard,
1182
00:53:29,039 --> 00:53:32,543
I was an invisible supporter
working on another front
1183
00:53:32,577 --> 00:53:34,645
knowing of those
tearing-apart times
1184
00:53:34,679 --> 00:53:37,415
when the days are like
the flashes of a strobe light.
1185
00:53:37,415 --> 00:53:39,850
And the Earth turns
with a racing rhythm.
1186
00:53:39,884 --> 00:53:40,985
Running the guerrilla
1187
00:53:40,985 --> 00:53:42,753
through the changes
of a normal lifetime
1188
00:53:42,753 --> 00:53:44,555
in a single month.
1189
00:53:44,555 --> 00:53:46,524
And when
you were captured, sister.
1190
00:53:46,557 --> 00:53:48,493
I wept for all of us.
1191
00:53:49,594 --> 00:53:51,762
What about
a specific act of violence
1192
00:53:51,762 --> 00:53:53,531
that you people
have been involved in,
1193
00:53:53,564 --> 00:53:55,600
like the Capitol bombing?
1194
00:53:55,600 --> 00:53:57,835
Why did you bomb the Capitol?
1195
00:53:57,868 --> 00:54:04,442
A person, a voice that sounded
to her like a male voice
1196
00:54:04,442 --> 00:54:11,181
who stated in a low,
hard tone, uh, that,
1197
00:54:11,215 --> 00:54:14,885
"You will get many calls
like this,
1198
00:54:14,919 --> 00:54:18,456
but this is real.
1199
00:54:18,456 --> 00:54:21,292
This building will blow up
in 30 minutes.
1200
00:54:22,126 --> 00:54:25,262
Evacuate the building.
1201
00:54:25,262 --> 00:54:27,765
This is in protest
1202
00:54:27,765 --> 00:54:31,636
of the Nixon involvement
in Laos."
1203
00:54:31,702 --> 00:54:35,773
[Jeff] We put a lot of work
into, um, our timing
1204
00:54:35,773 --> 00:54:37,408
and our choice of target
1205
00:54:37,442 --> 00:54:40,277
and our explanation
for why we did it.
1206
00:54:40,277 --> 00:54:42,447
And, uh...
1207
00:54:42,480 --> 00:54:45,883
And making sure that, uh,
that it would be an action
1208
00:54:45,916 --> 00:54:48,719
that would reflect
the sentiments and the views
1209
00:54:48,719 --> 00:54:51,221
of the people who are
in Washington at the time,
1210
00:54:51,255 --> 00:54:52,423
demonstrating and, uh...
1211
00:54:52,423 --> 00:54:55,993
And also,
in particular to call attention
1212
00:54:55,993 --> 00:54:57,161
to the fact that Congress
1213
00:54:57,227 --> 00:54:59,664
was just completely
in Nixon's pocket.
1214
00:54:59,664 --> 00:55:01,165
There was no...
1215
00:55:01,231 --> 00:55:03,434
there was nobody in Congress
1216
00:55:03,468 --> 00:55:06,303
that was taking an honest
or a principled
1217
00:55:06,303 --> 00:55:08,473
or a humane position on...
1218
00:55:08,473 --> 00:55:11,108
and doing anything
about ending the war in Vietnam.
1219
00:55:11,108 --> 00:55:13,444
Can you give us any specifics
about that action?
1220
00:55:13,478 --> 00:55:15,813
How many people were involved
and, uh...
1221
00:55:15,813 --> 00:55:18,148
Anything about the way
you operated?
1222
00:55:18,148 --> 00:55:22,019
[Billy] I think it's important
to say that people volunteer
1223
00:55:22,019 --> 00:55:23,688
to carry out actions like this.
1224
00:55:23,754 --> 00:55:24,789
Um...
1225
00:55:24,822 --> 00:55:26,524
And people are chosen
on the basis
1226
00:55:26,524 --> 00:55:28,859
of political consciousness,
primarily.
1227
00:55:28,926 --> 00:55:30,995
-Did you catch my face just now?
-[Emile] No, I didn't.
1228
00:55:30,995 --> 00:55:32,830
-[Billy] Are you sure?
-[Mary] Don't worry.
1229
00:55:32,863 --> 00:55:33,998
[Emile] We'll find out
what happened.
1230
00:55:33,998 --> 00:55:36,501
[Jeff] Several people
volunteered to do it.
1231
00:55:36,534 --> 00:55:37,702
To get past security,
1232
00:55:37,702 --> 00:55:39,970
they, they, they had
to carry it on their body
1233
00:55:40,004 --> 00:55:41,506
in a certain kind of way.
1234
00:55:41,506 --> 00:55:43,708
And then, as they were putting,
1235
00:55:43,708 --> 00:55:46,544
putting it in the place
where it was supposed to go,
1236
00:55:47,845 --> 00:55:48,946
it fell.
1237
00:55:48,979 --> 00:55:51,616
There was a, a lead
where the people who did it
1238
00:55:51,616 --> 00:55:55,720
thought there had been a shelf
and it fell several feet.
1239
00:55:55,720 --> 00:55:56,954
And, uh...
1240
00:55:56,987 --> 00:55:58,523
When the people who were there
realized what had happened
1241
00:55:58,523 --> 00:55:59,690
and that they were still there,
1242
00:55:59,724 --> 00:56:01,792
they took a couple
of deep breaths and came out.
1243
00:56:01,826 --> 00:56:02,827
And that evening,
1244
00:56:02,827 --> 00:56:06,497
uh, members of the organization
made calls
1245
00:56:06,531 --> 00:56:08,866
and, uh, alerted the press
1246
00:56:08,866 --> 00:56:11,335
that this action
was gonna take place.
1247
00:56:11,335 --> 00:56:12,737
And then it didn't happen.
1248
00:56:13,370 --> 00:56:15,706
It didn't go off.
1249
00:56:15,740 --> 00:56:18,676
The fall had, in some way,
affected it,
1250
00:56:18,709 --> 00:56:21,579
and there was no,
there was no explosion.
1251
00:56:21,579 --> 00:56:23,548
So the organization had
1252
00:56:23,548 --> 00:56:26,884
a series of quick calls
around the country.
1253
00:56:26,917 --> 00:56:30,588
And came up with a plan
which was to, uh...
1254
00:56:30,588 --> 00:56:35,760
take a much smaller device,
and go back in.
1255
00:56:35,760 --> 00:56:38,529
And put it on top of the one
1256
00:56:38,563 --> 00:56:40,598
that had been put there
the day before.
1257
00:56:40,598 --> 00:56:42,833
Sort of like
a little starter motor.
1258
00:56:42,867 --> 00:56:46,871
And the same people
went back in again.
1259
00:56:46,904 --> 00:56:49,574
Because the people
who did it called in
1260
00:56:49,574 --> 00:56:52,209
and already claimed
that we're gonna do it.
1261
00:56:52,209 --> 00:56:53,444
The second time in
1262
00:56:53,444 --> 00:56:57,014
was tremendously more dangerous
and more difficult.
1263
00:56:57,047 --> 00:56:59,850
So they went back in
and they put the little one in,
1264
00:56:59,850 --> 00:57:03,688
and it worked,
and it ignited the big one.
1265
00:57:05,690 --> 00:57:08,292
The Weather Underground
bombed the Capitol.
1266
00:57:08,292 --> 00:57:11,028
They bombed the Capitol
to bring joy.
1267
00:57:11,061 --> 00:57:12,697
To bring joy to America.
1268
00:57:12,697 --> 00:57:14,765
[Judy] To bring a smile
and a wink
1269
00:57:14,765 --> 00:57:17,702
to all the kids who hate
the American government.
1270
00:57:17,735 --> 00:57:20,771
We didn't do it, but we dug it.
1271
00:57:21,639 --> 00:57:24,975
It was outrageous, I think.
1272
00:57:25,042 --> 00:57:30,047
It looks to me as if it was
a planned explosion
1273
00:57:30,080 --> 00:57:34,752
on the basis of where and how
it was evidently placed.
1274
00:57:34,785 --> 00:57:37,588
And I think
it was a sacrilege because,
1275
00:57:37,588 --> 00:57:39,590
I speak not
in a religious sense,
1276
00:57:39,624 --> 00:57:40,791
but in a public sense,
1277
00:57:40,791 --> 00:57:42,993
because this is
the house of the people.
1278
00:57:48,465 --> 00:57:50,968
[crowd cheering]
1279
00:57:52,837 --> 00:57:54,672
My name is Bruce,
I'm from New York
1280
00:57:54,672 --> 00:57:56,473
and I have a Vietnamese
Campaign ribbon,
1281
00:57:56,473 --> 00:57:59,443
Vietnamese Service ribbon,
National Defense ribbon,
1282
00:57:59,476 --> 00:58:00,945
and a Purple Heart.
1283
00:58:01,846 --> 00:58:03,848
[crowd cheering]
1284
00:58:06,316 --> 00:58:07,618
My name is Peter Brannigan
1285
00:58:07,652 --> 00:58:09,086
and I got a Purple Heart here
1286
00:58:09,086 --> 00:58:11,321
and I hope I get another one
fighting these motherfuckers.
1287
00:58:11,321 --> 00:58:13,591
[crowd laughs and cheers]
1288
00:58:15,960 --> 00:58:18,863
Robert Jones, New York,
I symbolically return
1289
00:58:18,863 --> 00:58:21,131
all Vietnam medals,
and all the service medals
1290
00:58:21,165 --> 00:58:24,769
given me, given to me
by the power structure
1291
00:58:24,769 --> 00:58:26,771
that has genocidal policies
against non-white peoples
1292
00:58:26,804 --> 00:58:28,539
-of the world.
-[soldier] Right on, brother!
1293
00:58:30,207 --> 00:58:31,976
More power to the people!
1294
00:58:33,944 --> 00:58:36,947
This is for the brothers
and sisters at Kent.
1295
00:58:36,947 --> 00:58:39,483
What if we've respect
for our army?
1296
00:58:39,516 --> 00:58:42,152
Retired.
I'm taking in my Purple Heart,
1297
00:58:42,152 --> 00:58:44,722
Distinguished Service Cross,
Silver Star, Bronze Star,
1298
00:58:44,722 --> 00:58:47,324
army combination,
and a lot of other shit.
1299
00:58:47,357 --> 00:58:49,293
This is for my brothers!
1300
00:58:49,293 --> 00:58:51,629
-[crowd cheering]
-Right on!
1301
00:58:56,533 --> 00:58:58,035
We don't wanna fight anymore,
1302
00:58:58,068 --> 00:59:01,739
but if we have to fight again
it'll be to take these steps.
1303
00:59:01,806 --> 00:59:02,973
[Emile] I mean,
what I would like to know,
1304
00:59:03,007 --> 00:59:05,843
and I would like to know
if people go around
1305
00:59:05,843 --> 00:59:08,078
and are afraid that...
[stammers]
1306
00:59:08,078 --> 00:59:11,081
some cop or some FBI man
or some CIA man
1307
00:59:11,148 --> 00:59:12,216
is gonna, is gonna grab...
1308
00:59:12,216 --> 00:59:15,052
I just wanna know if you
walk around with that fear.
1309
00:59:15,052 --> 00:59:16,721
[Jeff] Fear? Yes.
1310
00:59:16,721 --> 00:59:19,523
Every time,
I think for all of us,
1311
00:59:19,556 --> 00:59:21,759
I know for me,
every time I see a policeman,
1312
00:59:21,759 --> 00:59:24,261
I have this rush of adrenaline.
1313
00:59:24,328 --> 00:59:26,864
And I take a defensive stance
1314
00:59:26,897 --> 00:59:31,001
in a, in a martial art
type of sense.
1315
00:59:31,001 --> 00:59:33,337
I mean, not a,
not a fighting posture,
1316
00:59:33,337 --> 00:59:34,672
but an alert posture.
1317
00:59:34,672 --> 00:59:36,774
I remind myself who I am,
1318
00:59:36,774 --> 00:59:38,909
what my name is,
what my various numbers are,
1319
00:59:38,909 --> 00:59:40,745
where I'm going,
where I've been.
1320
00:59:41,779 --> 00:59:43,781
That's an interesting way
to live.
1321
00:59:44,715 --> 00:59:46,116
Um, nervous...
1322
00:59:46,116 --> 00:59:47,885
Every day, you wake up
in the morning and say,
1323
00:59:47,918 --> 00:59:50,387
"I wonder how many times
I'm gonna be nervous today,"
1324
00:59:50,387 --> 00:59:51,756
'cause it happens every day.
1325
00:59:51,756 --> 00:59:53,758
[Bernardine] I mean,
it's been five and a half years.
1326
00:59:53,758 --> 00:59:56,260
We've all been stopped by
the police.
1327
00:59:57,261 --> 00:59:58,362
I-- One time,
1328
00:59:58,362 --> 01:00:01,198
a policeman commented
that my hand was shaking.
1329
01:00:01,231 --> 01:00:03,868
My-- This was the first time,
my hand was definitely shaking.
1330
01:00:03,868 --> 01:00:06,103
And, uh,
he was really apologetic
1331
01:00:06,103 --> 01:00:08,105
about it because he...
1332
01:00:08,105 --> 01:00:11,742
his consciousness was
that people hate the cops.
1333
01:00:11,776 --> 01:00:14,578
And, "I'm not so bad"
and "don't be afraid."
1334
01:00:14,578 --> 01:00:17,581
So he, like, apologized to me,
you know?
1335
01:00:17,581 --> 01:00:18,983
For my hand shaking.
1336
01:00:18,983 --> 01:00:21,652
[Billy] I don't know, I had
an experience I'd like to tell.
1337
01:00:21,719 --> 01:00:23,888
Walking down the street
at, uh, at night,
1338
01:00:23,921 --> 01:00:25,990
about 10 o'clock at night
and by a counter.
1339
01:00:25,990 --> 01:00:29,760
I went to buy, you know,
fresh-squeezed orange juice.
1340
01:00:29,794 --> 01:00:32,162
Suddenly, the police cars
come screaming up
1341
01:00:32,162 --> 01:00:34,832
and four cops jumped out
with their guns drawn.
1342
01:00:34,832 --> 01:00:36,600
And then
the Paddy Wagon pulls up
1343
01:00:36,633 --> 01:00:37,968
and, um...
1344
01:00:39,103 --> 01:00:40,738
You know, I go.
1345
01:00:40,738 --> 01:00:42,139
And we go about five blocks,
1346
01:00:42,139 --> 01:00:45,242
and the back of the door
is thrown open and, uh...
1347
01:00:45,275 --> 01:00:50,247
somebody's head sticks in
and says, "That's not him."
1348
01:00:50,247 --> 01:00:52,416
And, uh, it was... it was,
1349
01:00:52,449 --> 01:00:54,451
I just happened to fit
the description of someone
1350
01:00:54,451 --> 01:00:55,753
who was being looked for,
1351
01:00:55,753 --> 01:00:58,689
for an alleged robbery.
1352
01:00:58,689 --> 01:01:02,760
And, so then, the police offered
to drive me home,
1353
01:01:02,793 --> 01:01:04,695
which, of course, I declined.
1354
01:01:04,695 --> 01:01:07,331
[Bernardine]
We have a very strong ethic that
1355
01:01:07,331 --> 01:01:08,532
fear is an open subject.
1356
01:01:08,598 --> 01:01:11,268
And that when somebody's afraid
in a situation,
1357
01:01:11,301 --> 01:01:14,171
Um, they have an obligation
to say so,
1358
01:01:14,171 --> 01:01:15,773
because it's often real.
1359
01:01:15,806 --> 01:01:18,142
We assume it's based
on a real thing.
1360
01:01:18,175 --> 01:01:21,111
And we'll figure out later
if it was right or not right.
1361
01:01:21,111 --> 01:01:22,612
[Cathy]
The other thing to say about
1362
01:01:22,646 --> 01:01:23,981
that fear thing, I think,
1363
01:01:24,014 --> 01:01:27,785
is that because of the nature
of American society
1364
01:01:27,785 --> 01:01:30,054
a lot of people wake up
that way.
1365
01:01:30,054 --> 01:01:32,322
The state is around,
it's everywhere.
1366
01:01:32,356 --> 01:01:37,027
And the government, uh,
means no good by the people.
1367
01:01:37,027 --> 01:01:38,528
Only means bad,
1368
01:01:38,562 --> 01:01:41,698
it only means hurt
and exploitation.
1369
01:01:41,698 --> 01:01:43,868
[Bernardine] I was a much more
fearful person
1370
01:01:43,901 --> 01:01:46,737
growing up in this society,
than I am now.
1371
01:01:46,737 --> 01:01:48,505
Now, the fear is real fear.
1372
01:01:48,538 --> 01:01:51,541
It's not paranoia,
it's not myths,
1373
01:01:51,541 --> 01:01:53,878
it's not the fear
of the unknown.
1374
01:01:53,878 --> 01:01:56,881
People are made to be afraid
of the wrong,
1375
01:01:56,881 --> 01:01:58,482
of unreal fears, you know?
1376
01:01:58,515 --> 01:02:01,685
"This person is threatening me
for a job," you know?
1377
01:02:01,718 --> 01:02:04,254
"My wife's freedom
is my defeat."
1378
01:02:04,254 --> 01:02:06,924
Your children become
a threat to you, old people.
1379
01:02:06,924 --> 01:02:10,761
And that kind of fear
is much more terrifying.
1380
01:02:10,761 --> 01:02:12,329
[Billy] In the,
in the underground
1381
01:02:12,362 --> 01:02:14,031
as a whole, um,
1382
01:02:14,064 --> 01:02:16,600
there has to be a high level
of commitment
1383
01:02:16,600 --> 01:02:18,903
to each other as people
1384
01:02:18,903 --> 01:02:21,005
even while
we're working out differences.
1385
01:02:21,038 --> 01:02:24,408
Because, uh, 'cause lives
are on the line.
1386
01:02:24,408 --> 01:02:29,613
And the ability to live
a normal life is gone.
1387
01:02:29,679 --> 01:02:31,215
Um...
1388
01:02:31,248 --> 01:02:32,416
And that has to be true
1389
01:02:32,416 --> 01:02:35,119
for the revolutionary movement
as a whole, um...
1390
01:02:35,185 --> 01:02:39,023
and, and it has to become true
for everybody.
1391
01:02:40,858 --> 01:02:42,392
And then it's
the other side of it,
1392
01:02:42,426 --> 01:02:44,094
which is that we definitely...
1393
01:02:44,094 --> 01:02:47,597
Um, we definitely feel good
about what we're doing,
1394
01:02:47,597 --> 01:02:48,799
about what we've done.
1395
01:02:48,799 --> 01:02:51,802
And right now, it would be
pretty hard to feel any better
1396
01:02:51,802 --> 01:02:54,939
because we say it, that, uh,
1397
01:02:54,939 --> 01:02:57,241
that we feel that the victory
in Vietnam
1398
01:02:57,274 --> 01:02:59,109
is a victory
for the American people.
1399
01:02:59,109 --> 01:03:02,312
And we certainly identify it
as a victory for ourselves.
1400
01:03:02,379 --> 01:03:04,481
It's something that
we fought for for ten years.
1401
01:03:04,481 --> 01:03:06,050
And, um...
1402
01:03:06,083 --> 01:03:08,052
I don't know, I'd have to have
my foot run over
1403
01:03:08,052 --> 01:03:10,387
by a police car
to feel bad today.
1404
01:03:10,420 --> 01:03:11,488
[all chuckling]
1405
01:03:11,488 --> 01:03:13,891
[Emile] I mean,
what the hell is, essentially,
1406
01:03:13,924 --> 01:03:18,428
a white, middle-class
revolutionary group doing
1407
01:03:18,428 --> 01:03:21,098
in America in the year 1975?
1408
01:03:21,131 --> 01:03:23,133
[Billy] Well,
there's two things involved.
1409
01:03:23,133 --> 01:03:26,937
One is class origin
and one is class stand.
1410
01:03:26,971 --> 01:03:30,274
The class origin of many of us
is intellectual.
1411
01:03:30,274 --> 01:03:33,343
And that means that we have
a lot of barriers to overcome
1412
01:03:33,343 --> 01:03:36,580
in terms of developing full
revolutionary consciousness.
1413
01:03:36,613 --> 01:03:38,182
That's true of anyone
1414
01:03:38,182 --> 01:03:39,950
who wants to become
a revolutionary
1415
01:03:39,984 --> 01:03:41,919
in any country at any time.
1416
01:03:41,919 --> 01:03:44,454
There's a constant
struggle to...
1417
01:03:44,488 --> 01:03:47,157
It's a lifetime struggle
to remake yourself,
1418
01:03:47,157 --> 01:03:51,161
to take on the awesome task
of revolution-making.
1419
01:03:51,161 --> 01:03:53,463
The other thing is class stance.
1420
01:03:53,497 --> 01:03:55,866
And our class stance
as revolutionaries
1421
01:03:55,866 --> 01:03:59,103
is solidly
with the working class.
1422
01:03:59,136 --> 01:04:00,804
[Bernardine] We came out
of the student movement.
1423
01:04:00,837 --> 01:04:02,706
And we came
from the working class,
1424
01:04:02,706 --> 01:04:04,041
and from petty bourgeoisie.
1425
01:04:04,108 --> 01:04:05,775
And a few people came
from the ruling class
1426
01:04:05,775 --> 01:04:07,211
and left the ruling class
background.
1427
01:04:07,211 --> 01:04:09,213
But the overwhelming reality
1428
01:04:09,279 --> 01:04:11,315
about who are the people
in the United States,
1429
01:04:11,348 --> 01:04:12,849
is that the people work.
1430
01:04:12,849 --> 01:04:14,018
People work for a living.
1431
01:04:14,018 --> 01:04:15,219
And they have to work
for a living
1432
01:04:15,285 --> 01:04:16,887
and it's the only way
they can survive.
1433
01:04:16,887 --> 01:04:19,356
We're a white organization
for historical reasons.
1434
01:04:19,356 --> 01:04:21,391
And it won't,
it won't always be that way
1435
01:04:21,458 --> 01:04:23,060
and certainly, the people
who make the revolution,
1436
01:04:23,060 --> 01:04:24,794
the organizations,
and the forces
1437
01:04:24,828 --> 01:04:25,896
that make the revolution
1438
01:04:25,896 --> 01:04:29,466
will be multi-racial
and multi-national.
1439
01:04:30,234 --> 01:04:32,369
[loud rumbling]
1440
01:04:34,538 --> 01:04:37,207
[Jeff] On a little press,
1441
01:04:37,207 --> 01:04:40,577
a half a million pieces of paper
went through that press.
1442
01:04:43,313 --> 01:04:44,814
We kept the press running
1443
01:04:44,814 --> 01:04:48,218
the way people used
to keep Model Ts running.
1444
01:04:48,218 --> 01:04:50,187
It's a 156-paged book.
1445
01:04:50,220 --> 01:04:52,189
We did 5,000 copies
1446
01:04:52,189 --> 01:04:54,658
and every page
was collated by hand.
1447
01:04:55,592 --> 01:04:57,361
Gloved hands.
1448
01:04:57,394 --> 01:05:00,197
And that was a piece of work.
1449
01:05:00,197 --> 01:05:05,369
[Cathy] So our attempt was
to try to describe United States
1450
01:05:05,369 --> 01:05:06,503
as we saw it
1451
01:05:06,503 --> 01:05:10,174
and underneath that,
to explain the forces at work.
1452
01:05:11,008 --> 01:05:12,742
Which made sense out of that.
1453
01:05:12,742 --> 01:05:15,045
So it didn't seem
like pure chaos.
1454
01:05:15,079 --> 01:05:16,846
But actually,
you could understand
1455
01:05:16,846 --> 01:05:18,915
that there were forces
in the struggle
1456
01:05:18,915 --> 01:05:20,417
and change happening
in the world.
1457
01:05:20,417 --> 01:05:22,452
And that the people
in the United States
1458
01:05:22,519 --> 01:05:23,687
were a major part of that.
1459
01:05:23,687 --> 01:05:26,023
And that their government
was a major part of that.
1460
01:05:26,023 --> 01:05:27,091
The other thing about it
1461
01:05:27,091 --> 01:05:30,094
is that we felt
if we could describe that,
1462
01:05:30,094 --> 01:05:33,397
write down the ideas
as best we understood them,
1463
01:05:33,430 --> 01:05:34,531
and put them out,
1464
01:05:34,531 --> 01:05:36,633
that they would get changed
by putting them out.
1465
01:05:36,633 --> 01:05:39,736
We knew that if we could
just risk putting out
1466
01:05:39,769 --> 01:05:41,405
what we did understand,
1467
01:05:41,405 --> 01:05:43,140
then we would learn
a lot more from it,
1468
01:05:43,140 --> 01:05:44,208
it would be changed,
1469
01:05:44,241 --> 01:05:46,376
it would be criticized,
it would grow.
1470
01:05:46,376 --> 01:05:48,712
[Jeff] Three quarters
of the copies were distributed
1471
01:05:48,712 --> 01:05:50,814
across the country in one night.
1472
01:05:50,814 --> 01:05:52,216
So we had to set dates.
1473
01:05:52,249 --> 01:05:55,452
I just remember the feeling,
I remember feeling as excited
1474
01:05:55,452 --> 01:06:00,057
about that last week of July,
last year,
1475
01:06:00,090 --> 01:06:01,325
when Prairie Fire came out,
1476
01:06:01,325 --> 01:06:03,927
as I did about the time
of the National Action.
1477
01:06:03,960 --> 01:06:04,995
[chuckles]
1478
01:06:04,995 --> 01:06:06,230
The Days of Rage.
1479
01:06:06,263 --> 01:06:10,834
Because it was that total
immobilization of our forces.
1480
01:06:10,834 --> 01:06:12,302
Uh...
1481
01:06:12,302 --> 01:06:15,305
And when you reach a point
where the entire group
1482
01:06:15,339 --> 01:06:20,077
is mobilized to act in concert,
it's a very stimulating time.
1483
01:06:20,110 --> 01:06:22,446
And it's one in which
you really feel your power.
1484
01:06:22,479 --> 01:06:24,414
[Billy] And rather than
working for somebody else,
1485
01:06:24,414 --> 01:06:27,851
and trying to see how much
you could lay down on the job,
1486
01:06:27,851 --> 01:06:29,419
you were working for yourself.
1487
01:06:29,453 --> 01:06:31,288
And it was
a tremendous experience,
1488
01:06:31,288 --> 01:06:35,125
the coming together of this
Red Dragon Print Collective.
1489
01:06:35,125 --> 01:06:36,960
[Jeff] We just started
our own newspaper.
1490
01:06:36,960 --> 01:06:38,962
It's called Osawatomie.
1491
01:06:38,962 --> 01:06:42,632
Osawatomie is the name
that was given to John Brown.
1492
01:06:42,632 --> 01:06:44,634
[Bernardine] I mean,
it wasn't just a one-shot thing
1493
01:06:44,668 --> 01:06:47,204
'cause we want to put out
our own propaganda.
1494
01:06:47,204 --> 01:06:48,605
[Jeff] I think one of the things
1495
01:06:48,638 --> 01:06:50,807
that makes our printshop
a communist printshop
1496
01:06:50,840 --> 01:06:52,008
besides the work methods
1497
01:06:52,008 --> 01:06:53,677
and the way
we have organized production
1498
01:06:53,677 --> 01:06:55,512
and the fact that
no one's making any profit,
1499
01:06:55,512 --> 01:06:59,349
is, uh, is the, is the unity
of the whole thing.
1500
01:06:59,383 --> 01:07:00,284
We wrote it.
1501
01:07:00,317 --> 01:07:01,985
We figured out
how to make a book.
1502
01:07:02,018 --> 01:07:04,521
We made a book,
and then we got it out.
1503
01:07:04,521 --> 01:07:05,455
When we started,
1504
01:07:05,489 --> 01:07:06,690
we had never done
any of those things.
1505
01:07:06,690 --> 01:07:11,561
So we had to learn how to do
all of that in order to, uh,
1506
01:07:11,628 --> 01:07:13,530
in order to get the copies
that we put out.
1507
01:07:13,530 --> 01:07:15,232
[Cathy] We spent
a lot of time writing
1508
01:07:15,299 --> 01:07:16,666
and a lot of time
licking stamps.
1509
01:07:16,700 --> 01:07:19,836
And some of it is particular
to the Underground.
1510
01:07:19,836 --> 01:07:22,506
We don't have an address
where people can write to us.
1511
01:07:22,539 --> 01:07:25,209
So we try to get it out
as widely as we can
1512
01:07:25,209 --> 01:07:29,045
by mailing it
and leaving it around in places
1513
01:07:29,045 --> 01:07:30,247
where we think
people would like to see it.
1514
01:07:30,314 --> 01:07:34,584
And hope that it'll be reprinted
and used by people
1515
01:07:34,584 --> 01:07:36,986
in their organizing work
1516
01:07:37,020 --> 01:07:38,355
and talking to their family,
1517
01:07:38,355 --> 01:07:40,157
their friends,
the people that they work with.
1518
01:07:41,358 --> 01:07:43,527
[Jeff]
When you're putting forward
1519
01:07:43,560 --> 01:07:45,229
the idea of revolution,
1520
01:07:45,229 --> 01:07:47,697
you have a responsibility
to build in
1521
01:07:47,731 --> 01:07:48,832
from the very beginning
1522
01:07:48,832 --> 01:07:50,600
the realization that
1523
01:07:50,600 --> 01:07:53,670
no revolution
can take place successfully
1524
01:07:53,703 --> 01:07:56,606
without an armed confrontation
with the, with the state.
1525
01:07:56,606 --> 01:08:00,577
The imperialist power
will fight as long as it can
1526
01:08:00,577 --> 01:08:01,911
with the most advanced
1527
01:08:01,945 --> 01:08:03,747
technological weapons
that it has.
1528
01:08:03,747 --> 01:08:08,017
And I, I feel that pacifism
and non-violence
1529
01:08:08,051 --> 01:08:11,521
becomes an excuse
for not struggling.
1530
01:08:11,521 --> 01:08:15,559
For not fulfilling what I feel
is a human obligation
1531
01:08:15,592 --> 01:08:17,194
in this world to, uh...
1532
01:08:17,194 --> 01:08:18,928
to bring about
revolutionary change
1533
01:08:18,928 --> 01:08:20,530
and to destroy
the imperialist system.
1534
01:08:20,564 --> 01:08:22,599
[Billy] I think it's
a common mistake to think
1535
01:08:22,599 --> 01:08:25,469
that violence is a choice
in political matters.
1536
01:08:25,535 --> 01:08:28,305
Violence exists
in certain social situations
1537
01:08:28,305 --> 01:08:31,040
and it's not a question
of choosing to be violent
1538
01:08:31,074 --> 01:08:32,276
and non-violent.
1539
01:08:32,276 --> 01:08:33,410
[Bernardine]
I think you could start
1540
01:08:33,443 --> 01:08:36,213
by saying who created
this wealth, you know?
1541
01:08:36,213 --> 01:08:38,081
Where did this incredible,
1542
01:08:38,114 --> 01:08:40,917
technological
and industrial power
1543
01:08:40,917 --> 01:08:42,886
and potential come from?
1544
01:08:42,886 --> 01:08:45,755
Because that's one
of the best kept secrets,
1545
01:08:45,789 --> 01:08:46,923
you know?
1546
01:08:46,923 --> 01:08:50,927
Rockefeller acts as if
his family made this wealth.
1547
01:08:50,927 --> 01:08:52,162
Um...
1548
01:08:52,796 --> 01:08:54,798
Of course, it's...
1549
01:08:54,798 --> 01:08:56,566
the people that made the wealth.
1550
01:08:58,935 --> 01:09:02,005
People built the railroad
and died building the railroad.
1551
01:09:02,005 --> 01:09:07,944
People opened up the farmland
and people produced the food.
1552
01:09:07,977 --> 01:09:12,316
People created the giant
industrial capacity that exists.
1553
01:09:12,316 --> 01:09:15,485
And at every stage of that work,
1554
01:09:15,485 --> 01:09:18,488
the wealth was stolen
from the people.
1555
01:09:18,522 --> 01:09:21,425
And gathered
in fewer and fewer hands.
1556
01:09:21,458 --> 01:09:25,829
* Solidarity forever
1557
01:09:25,829 --> 01:09:30,300
* Solidarity forever
1558
01:09:30,334 --> 01:09:34,204
* Solidarity forever
1559
01:09:34,204 --> 01:09:37,106
* For the union makes us
1560
01:09:37,140 --> 01:09:39,609
- * Strong
-[gunshots firing]
1561
01:09:46,716 --> 01:09:47,817
[Bernardine]
If there were any way
1562
01:09:47,851 --> 01:09:50,019
to make a revolution
without violence,
1563
01:09:50,019 --> 01:09:51,187
we would be for it.
1564
01:09:51,221 --> 01:09:52,489
But nothing in history,
1565
01:09:52,522 --> 01:09:55,625
nothing that you see
in society around you
1566
01:09:55,625 --> 01:09:57,527
would lead you
to that conclusion.
1567
01:09:57,527 --> 01:10:01,030
This society
is organized on profit.
1568
01:10:01,064 --> 01:10:02,466
That's the assumption.
1569
01:10:02,499 --> 01:10:04,234
And that profit
doesn't just come
1570
01:10:04,234 --> 01:10:05,902
because some people
are smarter than others.
1571
01:10:05,969 --> 01:10:06,970
That's a theft.
1572
01:10:08,905 --> 01:10:10,206
There's the violence,
1573
01:10:10,206 --> 01:10:13,076
that's the roots
of the violence.
1574
01:10:13,142 --> 01:10:14,844
And I think the only way
1575
01:10:14,878 --> 01:10:17,314
of ending a violent system
1576
01:10:17,314 --> 01:10:19,416
is by tearing it out
by the roots.
1577
01:10:19,416 --> 01:10:20,650
That's a radical solution.
1578
01:10:20,684 --> 01:10:22,686
* When the union's inspiration
1579
01:10:22,686 --> 01:10:25,021
* Through the workers' blood
Shall run *
1580
01:10:25,021 --> 01:10:29,426
* There can be no power greater
Anywhere beneath the sun *
1581
01:10:29,426 --> 01:10:31,828
* Yet what force
On earth is weaker *
1582
01:10:31,861 --> 01:10:34,163
* Than the feeble strength
Of one *
1583
01:10:34,163 --> 01:10:39,002
* But the union makes us
Strong *
1584
01:10:39,035 --> 01:10:43,373
* Solidarity forever
1585
01:10:43,373 --> 01:10:47,544
* Solidarity forever
1586
01:10:47,577 --> 01:10:51,548
* Solidarity forever
1587
01:10:51,548 --> 01:10:55,785
* For the union makes us
Strong *
1588
01:10:55,785 --> 01:10:57,921
* It is we who plowed
The prairies *
1589
01:10:57,921 --> 01:11:00,056
* Built the cities
Where they trade *
1590
01:11:00,089 --> 01:11:02,459
* Dug the mines
And built the workshops *
1591
01:11:02,459 --> 01:11:04,794
* Endless miles
Of railroad laid *
1592
01:11:04,861 --> 01:11:07,297
* Now we stand outcast
And starving *
1593
01:11:07,297 --> 01:11:09,399
* Midst the wonders
We have made *
1594
01:11:09,433 --> 01:11:14,137
* But the union makes us
Strong *
1595
01:11:14,137 --> 01:11:17,907
* Solidarity forever
1596
01:11:17,941 --> 01:11:19,976
[Billy] We do think
there's a tremendous distinction
1597
01:11:19,976 --> 01:11:22,979
between the American people
and the US government.
1598
01:11:23,046 --> 01:11:24,280
A tremendous distinction.
1599
01:11:24,280 --> 01:11:27,050
We believe
the American people can...
1600
01:11:27,083 --> 01:11:29,919
confront all the backward ideas
and the backward things
1601
01:11:29,953 --> 01:11:31,655
about this culture
and this society.
1602
01:11:31,655 --> 01:11:34,724
Overcome them,
become a force for change,
1603
01:11:34,758 --> 01:11:36,259
and bring about that change.
1604
01:11:36,292 --> 01:11:37,794
But it won't happen
1605
01:11:37,794 --> 01:11:40,597
by wishing it were so,
or by proclaiming it.
1606
01:11:40,630 --> 01:11:43,132
It will only happen through
1607
01:11:43,132 --> 01:11:45,902
direct struggle
and confrontation.
1608
01:11:45,935 --> 01:11:50,607
We no longer wish
to be treated as statistics.
1609
01:11:51,575 --> 01:11:53,910
We want to be treated
as human beings.
1610
01:11:55,345 --> 01:11:57,280
[Bernardine]
You can hear the people.
1611
01:11:57,313 --> 01:11:58,615
One of the most beautiful
movements
1612
01:11:58,615 --> 01:12:00,984
has been
the Prison Movement here.
1613
01:12:02,151 --> 01:12:04,821
When you see Ruchell Magee
1614
01:12:04,854 --> 01:12:06,856
stand up day after day
1615
01:12:06,856 --> 01:12:08,458
and refuse to be broken,
1616
01:12:08,492 --> 01:12:11,327
although he spent ten years
in prison
1617
01:12:11,327 --> 01:12:14,464
for a completely
trumped up crime,
1618
01:12:14,498 --> 01:12:16,866
he speaks for black people,
1619
01:12:16,866 --> 01:12:19,202
he speaks for oppressed people,
he speaks for me,
1620
01:12:19,202 --> 01:12:20,970
he speaks for everybody
in the world.
1621
01:12:21,004 --> 01:12:22,672
He refuses to be broken
1622
01:12:22,672 --> 01:12:26,175
and in the most incredibly
repressive situations,
1623
01:12:26,175 --> 01:12:31,314
this kind of spirit coming out,
and demanding dignity
1624
01:12:31,314 --> 01:12:33,483
ends up being a demand
for the whole thing.
1625
01:12:33,517 --> 01:12:36,520
Ends up being a demand
that we abolish this system,
1626
01:12:36,520 --> 01:12:40,023
this society altogether
and build a new one.
1627
01:12:40,023 --> 01:12:42,158
We are men! We are not beasts!
1628
01:12:42,158 --> 01:12:45,862
And we do not intend
to be driven or beaten as such.
1629
01:12:45,862 --> 01:12:48,665
The entire prison populace
has set forth
1630
01:12:48,698 --> 01:12:51,735
to change forever
the ruthless brutalization
1631
01:12:51,735 --> 01:12:54,738
and disregard for the lives
of the prisoners here
1632
01:12:54,738 --> 01:12:56,873
and throughout
the United States.
1633
01:12:56,873 --> 01:13:00,243
What has happened here
is but the sound before the fury
1634
01:13:00,309 --> 01:13:01,578
of those who are oppressed.
1635
01:13:01,578 --> 01:13:04,714
We are not advocating violence.
1636
01:13:06,049 --> 01:13:11,054
We are advocating communication
and understanding.
1637
01:13:11,054 --> 01:13:14,524
[Bernardine]
The Attica brothers themselves
1638
01:13:14,558 --> 01:13:17,427
uh, were generous in every way
1639
01:13:17,427 --> 01:13:21,164
to the guards
who were incredibly racist.
1640
01:13:21,197 --> 01:13:25,368
And, you know, these are not
token gestures, these are...
1641
01:13:25,368 --> 01:13:28,171
reflect the whole fabric
of the difference
1642
01:13:28,171 --> 01:13:29,839
between the future society
1643
01:13:29,873 --> 01:13:31,508
that's really trying
to eliminate
1644
01:13:31,508 --> 01:13:33,510
institutionalized violence.
1645
01:13:34,578 --> 01:13:38,247
In a necessarily
violent confrontation.
1646
01:13:38,247 --> 01:13:39,449
[police over PA]
Put your hands
1647
01:13:39,516 --> 01:13:41,551
on top of your head...
1648
01:13:43,553 --> 01:13:46,890
and surrender to an officer.
1649
01:13:48,091 --> 01:13:51,761
I repeat,
you will not be harmed...
1650
01:13:54,263 --> 01:13:57,634
[gunfire]
1651
01:14:03,740 --> 01:14:05,575
[Mary] I find I agree
with an awful lot
1652
01:14:05,609 --> 01:14:06,943
of what everybody's been saying
1653
01:14:06,943 --> 01:14:10,947
as far as the violence
of this society and...
1654
01:14:10,947 --> 01:14:13,449
But it's very hard
to say anything
1655
01:14:13,483 --> 01:14:15,151
when you haven't...
1656
01:14:15,218 --> 01:14:16,920
done anything about it.
1657
01:14:16,953 --> 01:14:18,588
[Bernardine] Well,
it's not a personal question.
1658
01:14:18,588 --> 01:14:21,224
I mean, I guess that's what
we had to figure out.
1659
01:14:21,224 --> 01:14:24,127
It seems, somehow,
like a personal question.
1660
01:14:24,127 --> 01:14:25,228
And everybody does have
1661
01:14:25,261 --> 01:14:28,231
an individual reckoning
with themselves
1662
01:14:28,231 --> 01:14:30,567
and the question of human life.
1663
01:14:30,600 --> 01:14:32,602
But it isn't
a personal question.
1664
01:14:32,602 --> 01:14:35,805
[Billy] There are many levels
on which to, uh,
1665
01:14:35,805 --> 01:14:38,307
people can connect,
evade themselves and resist.
1666
01:14:38,341 --> 01:14:43,479
And, and there's not only
one way to oppose things,
1667
01:14:43,479 --> 01:14:45,481
and in fact, um,
1668
01:14:45,481 --> 01:14:47,350
in order for it
to be successful,
1669
01:14:47,416 --> 01:14:48,818
it has to be sustained.
1670
01:14:48,818 --> 01:14:50,820
And that means building a...
1671
01:14:50,854 --> 01:14:54,190
a process of struggle
and a lifetime of resistance.
1672
01:14:54,257 --> 01:15:00,029
Not just a single flashy act
or a single moral statement.
1673
01:15:00,029 --> 01:15:04,200
But a long consistent
commitment.
1674
01:15:05,602 --> 01:15:07,303
[Bernardine] Well,
I think the revolutionary forces
1675
01:15:07,336 --> 01:15:08,371
have an obligation
1676
01:15:08,371 --> 01:15:10,540
to be ruthlessly honest
with themselves
1677
01:15:10,607 --> 01:15:13,677
and not put forward that
1678
01:15:13,677 --> 01:15:15,645
we're bigger
or we're stronger than we are.
1679
01:15:15,679 --> 01:15:18,481
And also, to have
an accurate understanding
1680
01:15:18,481 --> 01:15:21,317
of the strengths and weaknesses
of the enemy.
1681
01:15:21,317 --> 01:15:24,487
So that we're not afraid to act.
1682
01:15:25,021 --> 01:15:27,523
[loud rumbling]
1683
01:15:28,958 --> 01:15:32,161
[Mary] How many people
are in your organization?
1684
01:15:32,195 --> 01:15:34,363
[Cathy] Well,
we're a very small organization
1685
01:15:34,363 --> 01:15:36,633
relative to the task to be done.
1686
01:15:36,633 --> 01:15:41,237
Um, and we can't discuss,
exactly, the size.
1687
01:15:41,237 --> 01:15:44,040
But as you know, we're small.
1688
01:15:44,040 --> 01:15:45,642
But we don't feel weak.
1689
01:15:45,675 --> 01:15:47,677
[Kathy] As we have moved
around the country,
1690
01:15:47,677 --> 01:15:49,245
we've been helped
in many, many ways
1691
01:15:49,245 --> 01:15:50,580
by many people.
1692
01:15:50,580 --> 01:15:53,416
[Cathy] It's not a trick,
you know, we're not...
1693
01:15:53,416 --> 01:15:55,719
we don't exactly outwit the FBI.
1694
01:15:55,719 --> 01:15:58,655
So if people didn't support
there being an Underground,
1695
01:15:58,688 --> 01:16:01,024
we wouldn't be here
five years later.
1696
01:16:01,024 --> 01:16:03,259
[Jeff] We feel that
it's part of what our job is...
1697
01:16:03,259 --> 01:16:04,260
is, uh...
1698
01:16:04,327 --> 01:16:05,895
And this is a job
that's gonna take
1699
01:16:05,895 --> 01:16:08,064
our whole lifetime and longer,
1700
01:16:08,064 --> 01:16:11,100
is to help people
have a clear understanding
1701
01:16:11,167 --> 01:16:15,171
in order to, to be armed
through politics
1702
01:16:15,171 --> 01:16:18,341
to create a revolution
in the United States.
1703
01:16:18,374 --> 01:16:20,209
[Jeff] I want to ask you
about the war in Vietnam.
1704
01:16:20,209 --> 01:16:23,379
Do you think that
that contributed to the, uh...
1705
01:16:23,379 --> 01:16:26,349
the unemployment
that exists at present?
1706
01:16:26,349 --> 01:16:28,584
Yes, I think it does.
1707
01:16:28,584 --> 01:16:29,686
[Jeff] How?
1708
01:16:29,719 --> 01:16:31,721
And all these people
that they're bringing in
1709
01:16:31,721 --> 01:16:34,791
from over there,
Cambodia and Vietnam.
1710
01:16:34,791 --> 01:16:36,693
Hell, they're giving them checks
right over...
1711
01:16:36,726 --> 01:16:38,928
A bed and a place to live
and everything else.
1712
01:16:38,928 --> 01:16:40,596
Why don't they take care
of their people right here
1713
01:16:40,596 --> 01:16:41,898
at home, first?
1714
01:16:41,931 --> 01:16:44,267
They've got people right here
not eatin'... eatin' dog food.
1715
01:16:44,267 --> 01:16:46,302
[Bernardine]
Our job as revolutionaries
1716
01:16:46,369 --> 01:16:48,204
is to be involved
1717
01:16:48,237 --> 01:16:50,606
in the day-to-day
struggles of people
1718
01:16:50,606 --> 01:16:53,142
for survival, for simple things.
1719
01:16:53,209 --> 01:16:56,980
As well as implanting the idea
and the possibility
1720
01:16:56,980 --> 01:16:58,815
and helping to take shape
1721
01:16:58,815 --> 01:17:01,050
the necessity
for complete revolution,
1722
01:17:01,084 --> 01:17:01,918
for socialism.
1723
01:17:01,951 --> 01:17:03,953
That's the only way, really,
1724
01:17:03,953 --> 01:17:07,156
to solve that day-to-day
struggle for survival.
1725
01:17:07,156 --> 01:17:09,726
[woman] The things I want
out of life, they're so small.
1726
01:17:09,759 --> 01:17:11,728
I can't even have them,
you know?
1727
01:17:11,728 --> 01:17:13,296
Eighty dollars every two weeks,
1728
01:17:13,296 --> 01:17:15,665
what can you do
with 80 dollars every two weeks?
1729
01:17:15,732 --> 01:17:17,600
[Jeff]
What do you do to survive?
1730
01:17:17,633 --> 01:17:19,635
[woman] Survive?
[scoffs]
1731
01:17:20,336 --> 01:17:21,504
You're borrowing money,
1732
01:17:21,570 --> 01:17:23,740
when you get this
you owe everybody, you know,
1733
01:17:23,740 --> 01:17:25,174
so I don't... You know, I wonder
1734
01:17:25,174 --> 01:17:27,276
in the next five, six years,
you know,
1735
01:17:27,310 --> 01:17:29,312
- what's gonna really happen?
-[Bernardine]What do you think?
1736
01:17:29,312 --> 01:17:30,747
Do you think that people
are going to begin
1737
01:17:30,780 --> 01:17:32,081
- to get together here?
-[woman] I do,
1738
01:17:32,081 --> 01:17:35,284
you know, eventually, I believe
there will be a revolution.
1739
01:17:35,318 --> 01:17:36,285
I really do.
1740
01:17:36,285 --> 01:17:37,854
I hope I'll be around to see it.
[laughs]
1741
01:17:37,854 --> 01:17:39,322
[Bernardine]I hope that you do.
1742
01:17:39,322 --> 01:17:41,925
[woman] Well, uh, it's coming!
I can feel it.
1743
01:17:41,958 --> 01:17:43,459
It's coming, I can see it.
1744
01:17:43,459 --> 01:17:46,029
If this country had been
more like what it was before,
1745
01:17:46,029 --> 01:17:47,663
I wouldn't think
about socialism.
1746
01:17:47,663 --> 01:17:50,834
But the way things have,
you know, progressed now,
1747
01:17:50,867 --> 01:17:53,803
this is what's getting me
to think a little bit about it.
1748
01:17:53,837 --> 01:17:55,304
[Kathy] What does
socialism mean to you?
1749
01:17:55,304 --> 01:17:57,373
What do you think about
when you think of socialism?
1750
01:17:57,373 --> 01:17:59,943
Well, unless I'm mistaken,
'cause as I said,
1751
01:17:59,976 --> 01:18:02,345
I don't know too much
about these things,
1752
01:18:02,345 --> 01:18:06,549
uh, but it means that people
will be more balanced out.
1753
01:18:06,615 --> 01:18:08,818
You know, instead of having...
[stammers]
1754
01:18:08,852 --> 01:18:10,286
There so many people
1755
01:18:10,286 --> 01:18:13,957
who are making so much money,
here, there, and everywhere.
1756
01:18:13,957 --> 01:18:16,125
They have their fingers
in all the pies, you know?
1757
01:18:16,159 --> 01:18:20,163
And some people just can't seem
to do anything.
1758
01:18:20,163 --> 01:18:23,833
They, they don't have
the opportunity, I guess.
1759
01:18:23,867 --> 01:18:26,369
Maybe we weren't smart enough,
I don't know.
1760
01:18:26,369 --> 01:18:30,373
But sometimes, you just
don't have the opportunity...
1761
01:18:30,373 --> 01:18:32,041
[Bernardine] When you look
for an explanation,
1762
01:18:32,041 --> 01:18:33,542
there's only one explanation.
1763
01:18:33,542 --> 01:18:34,710
Some people work
1764
01:18:34,710 --> 01:18:36,645
and barely get enough
to survive.
1765
01:18:36,645 --> 01:18:40,149
And some people make a profit
off of other people's work.
1766
01:18:41,684 --> 01:18:43,386
This is a class society.
1767
01:18:43,386 --> 01:18:45,021
When is a class society
1768
01:18:45,054 --> 01:18:47,723
inevitably are gonna have
class struggle?
1769
01:18:47,723 --> 01:18:48,925
And that class struggle
1770
01:18:48,925 --> 01:18:52,061
may not always be apparent
and visible,
1771
01:18:52,061 --> 01:18:56,232
and it may not always unite
with its true allies.
1772
01:18:56,232 --> 01:18:59,535
But it can't go away.
It won't go away.
1773
01:18:59,568 --> 01:19:00,736
It keeps coming back.
1774
01:19:00,736 --> 01:19:03,840
[Kathy, in Spanish]
1775
01:19:06,575 --> 01:19:09,278
[speaking Spanish]
1776
01:19:12,581 --> 01:19:15,351
[in Spanish]
1777
01:19:17,720 --> 01:19:19,055
[Bernardine]
We're not fortune tellers
1778
01:19:19,055 --> 01:19:22,225
and I don't know how soon
the revolution will happen here
1779
01:19:22,225 --> 01:19:24,227
or exactly how it will happen.
1780
01:19:24,260 --> 01:19:29,565
But it does reveal itself
more and more, every year.
1781
01:19:29,565 --> 01:19:30,633
So that you can...
1782
01:19:30,633 --> 01:19:31,801
The forces at work
1783
01:19:31,868 --> 01:19:34,303
that are gonna make
a revolution become clear
1784
01:19:34,303 --> 01:19:37,874
and more conscious of themselves
and their interests.
1785
01:19:38,942 --> 01:19:41,644
I can't take no two-dollar job.
1786
01:19:41,644 --> 01:19:44,147
I can't. I cannot live on that.
1787
01:19:44,213 --> 01:19:47,150
No two fifty job,
I can't live on that.
1788
01:19:47,150 --> 01:19:48,584
And nobody can make, you know,
1789
01:19:48,617 --> 01:19:50,386
nobody can live on a two-dollar,
1790
01:19:50,386 --> 01:19:52,288
two-dollar fifty cent
an hour job.
1791
01:19:52,288 --> 01:19:54,090
That's why I've been so long
without a job.
1792
01:19:54,123 --> 01:19:55,158
[Bernardine]
More and more people
1793
01:19:55,158 --> 01:19:57,060
are embracing
the question of dignity.
1794
01:19:57,093 --> 01:20:00,930
And how is work organized?
For whom is it organized?
1795
01:20:00,930 --> 01:20:02,065
Embracing the question
1796
01:20:02,065 --> 01:20:04,433
about the disorganization
of capitalism.
1797
01:20:04,467 --> 01:20:06,402
That it's inefficient,
that it's cruel,
1798
01:20:06,402 --> 01:20:07,736
that it's violent
and it's wasteful.
1799
01:20:07,770 --> 01:20:10,840
And we can envision,
and millions of people are...
1800
01:20:10,840 --> 01:20:14,243
are at a place
where they can envision
1801
01:20:14,277 --> 01:20:16,079
that things
could be organized differently.
1802
01:20:16,079 --> 01:20:18,614
A political revolution,
that's what we need.
1803
01:20:18,647 --> 01:20:21,851
[Billy] What we're seeing,
rumblings all over the country,
1804
01:20:21,851 --> 01:20:25,354
although these rumblings
are localized, and, and, uh,
1805
01:20:25,354 --> 01:20:27,924
isolated from each other
at this point,
1806
01:20:27,957 --> 01:20:29,292
is the beginnings
1807
01:20:29,325 --> 01:20:31,594
of an organized attempt
to fight back.
1808
01:20:31,594 --> 01:20:33,930
And what we see in the future
1809
01:20:33,930 --> 01:20:36,432
is, really,
a torrent of rebellion
1810
01:20:36,432 --> 01:20:41,370
leading to an organized ability
to resist and fight back.
1811
01:20:41,370 --> 01:20:43,873
And ultimately,
to the organized ability
1812
01:20:43,940 --> 01:20:48,211
of the working class
to take power in this country.
1813
01:20:48,211 --> 01:20:52,048
And reorganize the whole society
in their interests.
1814
01:20:52,781 --> 01:20:54,450
Socialism.
1815
01:20:54,483 --> 01:20:57,153
[Jeff] Why haven't
the popular struggles
1816
01:20:57,153 --> 01:20:58,821
in this country been
more successful?
1817
01:20:58,821 --> 01:21:00,823
Why hasn't there been
a revolution?
1818
01:21:00,856 --> 01:21:03,692
One of the main reasons,
well, the main reason,
1819
01:21:03,692 --> 01:21:08,297
is that the people are divided
against each other.
1820
01:21:08,297 --> 01:21:11,968
The people who run the country
are very good at this.
1821
01:21:11,968 --> 01:21:14,470
They've managed to turn
men against women,
1822
01:21:14,503 --> 01:21:16,672
they've managed to turn
white-collar workers
1823
01:21:16,705 --> 01:21:17,740
against blue-collar workers,
1824
01:21:17,740 --> 01:21:20,409
but mainly, for 400 years,
they've managed to turn
1825
01:21:20,476 --> 01:21:22,178
white people
against black people.
1826
01:21:22,211 --> 01:21:24,680
Nowhere is this more clear
than in Boston.
1827
01:21:24,680 --> 01:21:25,881
[Bernardine] Venom.
1828
01:21:27,150 --> 01:21:28,717
I wonder about the tight-faced,
1829
01:21:28,717 --> 01:21:31,820
work-worried women
in cloth coats and curlers
1830
01:21:31,854 --> 01:21:33,889
who collect
in surly women crowds,
1831
01:21:33,889 --> 01:21:37,526
spitting hate
in Birmingham or Boston.
1832
01:21:37,560 --> 01:21:40,896
I worry about their sons' spite
collected in years
1833
01:21:40,896 --> 01:21:43,499
of shabby schools
and sometimes jobs
1834
01:21:43,499 --> 01:21:47,036
poisoned and prodded
by habits, by fears.
1835
01:21:47,070 --> 01:21:49,705
By landlords and leaders
who revile them.
1836
01:21:49,705 --> 01:21:54,277
Provoked and pitted
against their enemy's enemy.
1837
01:21:54,277 --> 01:21:56,712
What turns class hatred
inside out?
1838
01:21:56,745 --> 01:22:00,249
Freezes a longing for freedom
into splintered cries of ice
1839
01:22:00,249 --> 01:22:02,785
to pierce the heart
of those black people
1840
01:22:02,851 --> 01:22:04,620
who properly are allies.
1841
01:22:05,921 --> 01:22:07,890
What is the bridge to you?
1842
01:22:07,890 --> 01:22:10,059
Our struggle must reveal it.
1843
01:22:10,093 --> 01:22:12,595
[Billy]
If you really have confidence
1844
01:22:12,595 --> 01:22:15,764
that revolutionary change
is a possibility,
1845
01:22:15,764 --> 01:22:18,934
a full upheaval, revolutionary
change is a possibility,
1846
01:22:18,934 --> 01:22:20,269
then you have to believe
1847
01:22:20,269 --> 01:22:24,107
that there's this tremendous
potential and promise
1848
01:22:24,140 --> 01:22:26,142
that people can be better.
1849
01:22:26,142 --> 01:22:28,544
People can be better
and can change,
1850
01:22:28,577 --> 01:22:29,812
and can transform themselves
1851
01:22:29,812 --> 01:22:32,215
from all the backward,
negative values
1852
01:22:32,248 --> 01:22:34,917
that are imposed upon them
and that are handed down
1853
01:22:34,950 --> 01:22:36,719
generation to generation
through the culture
1854
01:22:36,719 --> 01:22:38,721
and in several other ways.
1855
01:22:38,721 --> 01:22:39,722
They can change
1856
01:22:39,755 --> 01:22:41,457
and become revolutionized
and become better.
1857
01:22:41,457 --> 01:22:44,127
But that doesn't happen
by wishing it were so.
1858
01:22:44,127 --> 01:22:46,829
It happens
by a challenge to that.
1859
01:22:46,895 --> 01:22:48,131
[Bernardine] You know,
if you look at it
1860
01:22:48,131 --> 01:22:51,567
purely in a pragmatic sense,
you could look at it and say,
1861
01:22:51,600 --> 01:22:53,102
"Schools are worse."
1862
01:22:53,102 --> 01:22:55,104
Black children are beaten up
and attacked now
1863
01:22:55,138 --> 01:22:57,640
just like they were 15 years ago
on their way to school.
1864
01:22:57,640 --> 01:23:01,010
Now it's just moved
from the south to the north.
1865
01:23:01,010 --> 01:23:02,811
But, the other way
of looking at it,
1866
01:23:02,811 --> 01:23:06,149
is that a black child
growing up today
1867
01:23:06,182 --> 01:23:08,317
has an incredible advantage
1868
01:23:08,317 --> 01:23:10,353
compared to a black child
15 years ago.
1869
01:23:10,419 --> 01:23:12,988
The difference is,
I am somebody.
1870
01:23:12,988 --> 01:23:14,590
The difference is, we are people
1871
01:23:14,623 --> 01:23:16,825
and we have dignity
and we have this history
1872
01:23:16,825 --> 01:23:17,993
and we know it.
1873
01:23:18,027 --> 01:23:21,264
And, uh, consciousness.
1874
01:23:21,297 --> 01:23:23,766
[Billy] A real obligation
of revolutionaries,
1875
01:23:23,766 --> 01:23:25,701
and perhaps the major job,
1876
01:23:25,701 --> 01:23:28,104
is to wake people up
to their own strengths
1877
01:23:28,137 --> 01:23:29,472
and their own possibilities.
1878
01:23:29,505 --> 01:23:32,007
The deadliest weapons
are the weapons that convince
1879
01:23:32,007 --> 01:23:33,609
that you can do nothing,
1880
01:23:33,609 --> 01:23:36,945
and that you can't change,
and that you can't move forward.
1881
01:23:36,979 --> 01:23:39,848
The revolution
in Vietnam was won
1882
01:23:39,848 --> 01:23:42,118
long before the US got out.
1883
01:23:42,151 --> 01:23:44,787
Long before France was defeated
at the Dien Bien Phu.
1884
01:23:44,787 --> 01:23:45,788
The revolution was won
1885
01:23:45,788 --> 01:23:48,824
when the people became
a people for themselves.
1886
01:23:48,857 --> 01:23:51,460
["New World Coming" playing]
1887
01:23:51,460 --> 01:23:56,399
* There's a new world comin'
1888
01:23:56,399 --> 01:23:59,468
[Billy] And that same process
will be true here.
1889
01:23:59,502 --> 01:24:01,870
Before it's obvious
on the face of it,
1890
01:24:01,870 --> 01:24:03,306
or on the surface,
1891
01:24:03,339 --> 01:24:06,542
that a giant transformation
is going to happen,
1892
01:24:06,542 --> 01:24:08,877
it will have
already been concluded
1893
01:24:08,911 --> 01:24:12,581
in terms of the hearts and minds
of the masses of people.
1894
01:24:15,518 --> 01:24:21,390
* There's a new voice callin'
1895
01:24:21,390 --> 01:24:27,062
* And you can hear it
If you try *
1896
01:24:27,096 --> 01:24:32,101
* And it's growin' stronger
1897
01:24:33,402 --> 01:24:39,608
* With every day
That passes by, yeah *
1898
01:24:39,608 --> 01:24:41,377
[Bernardine]
There's a relationship between,
1899
01:24:41,410 --> 01:24:42,545
an important relationship,
1900
01:24:42,545 --> 01:24:45,013
between having a vision
of revolution.
1901
01:24:45,013 --> 01:24:46,249
And a vision of the future,
1902
01:24:46,249 --> 01:24:47,916
and an understanding
of what human beings
1903
01:24:47,916 --> 01:24:49,718
are capable of
and what's possible.
1904
01:24:49,752 --> 01:24:53,289
And the grasp of the work
that goes into making it happen.
1905
01:24:53,289 --> 01:24:56,225
Not skipping any steps,
organizing people,
1906
01:24:56,259 --> 01:24:58,861
bringing people together,
forging demands,
1907
01:24:58,861 --> 01:25:02,198
making a revolutionary program,
identifying the enemy.
1908
01:25:02,231 --> 01:25:05,234
Mao talks about this,
as he says,
1909
01:25:05,268 --> 01:25:09,738
"Without dreams,
there would be no work.
1910
01:25:09,738 --> 01:25:10,906
There would be no toil.
1911
01:25:10,906 --> 01:25:13,942
And without toil and work,
there would be no dreams."
1912
01:25:13,942 --> 01:25:15,444
Both dreams and toil
1913
01:25:15,444 --> 01:25:17,746
are part of what make up
human beings.
1914
01:25:17,780 --> 01:25:20,483
And the dreams of...
that people have,
1915
01:25:20,483 --> 01:25:23,085
the visions that people have
of what could be better,
1916
01:25:24,320 --> 01:25:25,554
affects their work.
1917
01:25:25,588 --> 01:25:27,923
Changes their work.
Transforms their work.
1918
01:25:27,923 --> 01:25:30,793
And the work that they do
makes possible their dreams.
1919
01:25:30,793 --> 01:25:32,127
[Billy] We think of communism
1920
01:25:32,161 --> 01:25:34,330
as the highest aspiration
of people.
1921
01:25:34,330 --> 01:25:36,832
Because we don't think
of communism as
1922
01:25:36,899 --> 01:25:39,168
the loss of self in the mass.
1923
01:25:39,168 --> 01:25:40,436
We think of communism
1924
01:25:40,469 --> 01:25:43,105
as the discovery of self
in society.
1925
01:25:43,105 --> 01:25:46,108
And it's inconceivable,
to me, that there...
1926
01:25:46,108 --> 01:25:49,478
that any advanced notion
of human capabilities
1927
01:25:49,478 --> 01:25:52,748
and human possibilities
would conceive of human beings
1928
01:25:52,781 --> 01:25:56,519
isolated from each other
or living on islands.
1929
01:25:56,519 --> 01:25:59,522
We are, after all,
in a social world.
1930
01:25:59,522 --> 01:26:02,858
And we realize ourselves,
we become our best selves
1931
01:26:02,925 --> 01:26:05,494
in relationship to other people.
1932
01:26:05,494 --> 01:26:07,796
And communism to us represents
1933
01:26:07,830 --> 01:26:11,367
opposition to
the atomization of people,
1934
01:26:11,367 --> 01:26:13,969
the ripping of people off
from each other,
1935
01:26:14,002 --> 01:26:16,539
and the coming together
of sister and brothers, really.
1936
01:26:16,539 --> 01:26:19,208
That's why, that's why we keep
using the word "communism"
1937
01:26:19,208 --> 01:26:21,210
and that's why
we call ourselves "communists."
1938
01:26:21,210 --> 01:26:23,212
And the reason we're
an organization,
1939
01:26:23,279 --> 01:26:25,047
and the reason
we keep insisting on that,
1940
01:26:25,047 --> 01:26:26,615
and the reason we keep
insisting that
1941
01:26:26,649 --> 01:26:30,619
we're not speaking here
as five individuals,
1942
01:26:30,619 --> 01:26:32,355
but are speaking
from a collective,
1943
01:26:32,355 --> 01:26:35,991
is because
organization embodies,
1944
01:26:36,024 --> 01:26:38,661
within itself, collectivity,
1945
01:26:38,661 --> 01:26:41,997
and embodies opposition
to individualism.
1946
01:26:42,030 --> 01:26:46,369
* There's a new world comin'
1947
01:26:46,369 --> 01:26:50,205
* And it's just around
The bend *
1948
01:26:50,205 --> 01:26:53,041
* There's a new world comin'
1949
01:26:53,041 --> 01:26:56,512
* This one's comin' to an end
1950
01:26:56,512 --> 01:27:00,048
* There's a new voice callin'
1951
01:27:00,048 --> 01:27:04,720
* And you can hear it if
You would just give it a try *
1952
01:27:04,720 --> 01:27:11,560
* And its growin' stronger
With every day that passes by *
1953
01:27:11,594 --> 01:27:15,030
* There's a brand new mornin'
1954
01:27:15,063 --> 01:27:19,067
* Rising clear
And sweet and free *
1955
01:27:19,067 --> 01:27:26,409
* There's a new day dawnin'
That belongs to you and me *
1956
01:27:26,442 --> 01:27:34,016
* Yes, a new world's comin'
The one we've had visions of *
1957
01:27:34,049 --> 01:27:37,185
* Coming in peace
1958
01:27:37,185 --> 01:27:40,756
* Coming in joy
1959
01:27:40,756 --> 01:27:44,259
* Coming in peace now, yeah
1960
01:27:44,293 --> 01:27:47,930
* Coming in love now, yeah
144494