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In this lesson, we'll
take an overall look
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at some of the features and
advantages of the Oracle RDBMS.
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An RDBMS, or Relational
Database Management System,
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allows us to quickly and
safely store and retrieve data.
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The Oracle RDBMS is the most
popular commercial database
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system in the world, and
has held the largest market
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share for many years.
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We'll look at two main
topics in this lesson--
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the integration
benefits of Oracle
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and the structural
features Oracle possesses.
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One of Oracle's
greatest features
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is its overall commitment
to interoperability.
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In the days before Oracle
began to gain in popularity,
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most database products
were siloed in such a way
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to restrict them to a
certain hardware platform.
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When Oracle made the decision
to rewrite their code
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base in the C
programming language,
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it opened up the
doors for their RDBMS
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to run on many different
hardware platforms.
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Originally confined
to mainframe systems,
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the Oracle RDBMS could
now run on platforms
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such as Windows and Unix.
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During the dotcom boom,
more and more companies
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began to run databases
on smaller platforms
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in order to have a
presence on the internet.
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Oracle was uniquely
positioned to take
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advantage of this market.
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Oracle continues
this commitment today
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and can run on
multiple distributions
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of Linux, Windows, Unix,
and even the Apple OS 10.
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While Oracle no longer
supports a product
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to run natively
on mainframes, it
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does support Oracle
on zLinux, the Linux
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OS running on a mainframe.
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Oracle database is supported
by its own patented networking
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stack.
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This allows Oracle
to talk natively
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to databases running on
different types of systems
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without changing the
application code.
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Thus, a user running a
client application on Windows
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can connect to an
Oracle Applications
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database running on Unix
without any complications.
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Oracle is an industry standard
ACID compliant database,
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meaning that it
maintains data integrity
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and reliability through
accepted locking standards.
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Any number of database
products today,
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known as NoSQL databases,
lack this compliance.
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Although Oracle is
not open source,
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it is shown a commitment to a
number of open technologies,
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such as Linux and Java.
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Oracle first offered its
database for the Linux platform
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as early as the late
1990s, a long time
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before it was accepted as a
commercially viable operating
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system.
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It continues to support the
platform with its own Oracle
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Linux product.
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And although Oracle Corporation
is the maintainer of the Java
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programming language,
Java is used
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in many non-Oracle products.
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Oracle has a number
of structural features
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that contribute
to its popularity.
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Customers want flexibility
and high performance,
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and Oracle was designed
that way from the ground up.
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The Oracle RDBMS uses a
logical structure methodology
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to store data.
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That is to say that users can
interact with database data
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without explicitly knowing where
the physical files are stored.
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It supports partitioning,
a high performance feature
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that allows tables to
be divided in such a way
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that different
pieces of the table
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can be kept across
different physical storage.
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Oracle supports range, hash, and
list partitioning, as well as
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composite methods that use
combinations of each type.
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From its inception,
Oracle was designed
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with high performance in mind.
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The Oracle architecture
relies on memory caches,
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areas in memory that
serve a defined purpose.
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This caching architecture
is one of the reasons
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that Oracle can scale
up large databases that
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are still high performance.
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It might be surprising to
learn that in Oracle nearly
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every data operation occurs
in memory, not on disk,
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since memory is an order of
magnitude faster than disk,
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Oracle can process data
at very high speeds.
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One of the most
interesting features
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to database administrators is
what's called data dictionary.
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The data dictionary is a set
of internal tables and views
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that records nearly
everything that
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is happening in the database.
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If you want a list of all
the tables in a database,
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you use the SQL language to
query the data dictionary.
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If you want to know
what trace file
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a given process
is writing to, you
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look in the data dictionary.
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Leveraging the power
of the data dictionary
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is one of the database
administrators greatest tools.
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The primary responsibility
for any database administrator
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is the integrity of the data.
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The data stored in the database
must be fully recoverable
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in the event of a catastrophe.
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This area is one of
Oracle's greatest strengths.
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The Oracle RDBMS
biomass is designed
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from the ground up with a
fully recoverable architecture.
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Every transaction is
recorded for the express
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purpose of being able to replay
it in the event of a failure.
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Oracle even includes
its own powerful tool
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for backup and recovery, the
Recovery Manager, or RMAN.
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RMAN allows DBAs to perform
cold, hot and incremental
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backups and do full
recoveries, or even
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recoveries to a point in time.
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Finally, high
availability is a feature
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that nearly every
company demands today.
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Oracle has offered a cluster
database solution for decades.
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Originally known as OPS,
or Oracle Parallel Server,
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cluster databases are
designed to operate
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across multiple
physical machine.
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In the event that one machine
in the cluster of fails,
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