All language subtitles for [SubtitleTools.com] Oracle Database Server Versioning - Learning Oracle 12c [Video]

In this lesson,
we'll take a look

at the different
versions of Oracle.

This is critical for aspiring
database administrators

to understand, since versions
can be very different.

Often, when a DBA is
looking for a job,

the version experience
will be specified.

Thus, companies will not
just ask for an Oracle DBA--

they'll want an Oracle DBA with
11G experience, for example.

While it's not necessary
for an aspiring DBA

to be experienced
with every version,

it's important that
we can at least make

some distinction between them.

So let's do a little
version history

and see how Oracle has continued
to innovate the Oracle RDBMS.

The first commercially
released version of Oracle

was Version 2.

It was the first commercially
produced implementation

of a Relational Database
Management System.

The CIA and the US Air Force
were the first customers

to use Oracle Version 2.

In Version 3, Oracle
rewrote and recompiled

their database in the
C programming language,

allowing it to be run on
many different platforms,

such as Unix.

Customer demand for Oracle
began to increase such

that new advances were
required in Version 4.

That release included
architectural redesign

for read consistency and greatly
improved query performance.

Version 4 also introduced
the basic export

and import utilities.

Oracle Version 5 was
a hallmark in that

it saw the inclusion
of the networking

stack to support client
server architecture,

thus a client could
connect to a database

without being on
the server itself

and not requiring any kind
of terminal emulation.

The famous SQL Plus
utility was also

released with this version,
as well as some support

for distributed queries.

Version 6 released a
host of new features

in support of higher speed
systems, such as Online

Transaction Processing
Systems, or OLTP.

These included hot
backup capability

and row-level locking, which
allowed only certain rows

to be locked during
data modification rather

than an entire table.

In addition, this
version premiered

Oracle Parallel Server, Oracle's
first true clustering solution.

The PL/SQL programming
language was integrated

into the database, as well.

Oracle Version 7
is the version we

might consider the first
modern version of Oracle.

In it, we saw features such as
a more complete security model

using privileges and roles, the
ability to use PL/SQL-stored

procedures and triggers, and
true distributed transactions.

Oracle also added numerous
SQL functions, read-only table

spaces, and new data types that
could store video and images.

Version 7 was the first RDBMS to
support a 64-bit architecture.

Version 8 was known as the
object relational database,

owing to the popularity of
object-oriented programming

in languages such as C++,
Oracle jumped on the bandwagon

by adding support for an
object-oriented approach

at storing database objects.

This version also saw the
addition of support for Java

and was the first
commercial database

to be compiled for
the Linux kernel.

Oracle Version 8i began Oracle's
marketing approach of suffix

in the version with a letter.

Oracle 8i, the i
standing for internet,

was dubbed the internet
database to align themselves

with the growing move of
companies toward the internet.

And in truth, they added
a number of features,

such as support for
HTTP and greater support

for HTML and Java, to enhance
the usefulness of the database

in an internet context.

They also added more
standard database features,

such as function-based
indexes, materialized

views, and temporary tables.

By the time Oracle
9 was released,

or Oracle 9i, Oracle had grown
to the type of large company

that we know today.

Oracle 8i had been an enormous
success through the dotcom boom

and waited three years
for the release cycle

before releasing 9i.

Oracle 9i introduced
over 750 new features

and included the Oracle
Application Server

in the database installation.

The most notable
feature was the renaming

of Oracle Parallel Server to
Real Application Clusters,

or RAC, Oracle's most advanced
clustering technology.

RAC was a huge improvement over
OPS in terms of performance.

It featured cache fusion, which
allowed different machines

in the cluster to share memory
over a high-speed network

interconnect.

9i was also the
version where Oracle

was forced to take a
greater look at security,

as there were a
number of incidents

that brought the security of
the software into bad light.

At this point, Oracle began
making regular security patches

of the software available.

In 2003, Oracle
showed that they had

learned their lesson with
the release of Version 10g.

Instead of simply throwing
large number of features

into the new release, they
did extensive customer surveys

to see what they
needed to change.

The result was a slimmer,
trimmer installation

of Oracle that installed quickly
and securely, without all

the added software, such
as an application server.

The g in 10g stood
for grid, a marketing

attempt to align Oracle
with technologies

like grid computing.

10g included massive
changes in Oracle RAC,

as well as the addition of
Automatic Storage Management,

or ASM, a specialized file
system for the Oracle database.

Four years later, Oracle
released Version 11g,

still an attempt to associate
further with grid computing.

11g featured even more
changes than version 9i.

However, the result was
considerably more positive.

They included database replay,
real application testing,

improvements in partitioning,
online patching,

and changes to RAC.

In 2013, Oracle released
version 12c, a full six

years after 11g, making it the
longest development lifecycle

for any Oracle database.

Oracle 12c is marketed now
toward the cloud computing

market, hence the c in 12c.

Oracle 12 c may be the most
fundamentally different

database that Oracle
has ever released.

Although it still contains
the same basic functionality

of previous versions, Oracle 12c
has one fundamental improvement

that could change our
databases work forever--

the multi-tenant architecture.

The multi-tenant
architecture is a feature

to cloud enable the database.

It basically represents an
entirely new virtualization

architecture.

With 12c, it's no longer
necessary to virtualize

your databases across
virtual servers.

It has its own database
virtualization built in.

In Oracle 12c, you can
have databases that

host other virtual databases.

Oracle 12c could
represent a real change

in the RDBMS market.

Although product names
like 8i, 10g, and 12c

represent the product names
for different Oracle version,

Oracle actually adheres to
a proper version numbering

standard, which is
important to understand.

The most current version
of the Oracle database

is version 12.1.0.1.0.

Or we could say 12.1.0.1.0.

Every version has
a five number code

that designates its version
to the most accurate level.

The first number is the
major release number,

the number we would
associate with 12c or 11g.

The second number is a database
maintenance release number,

usually referred
to as the release.

After a major release,
Oracle will generally

make a second release we could
think of as a minor release.

These usually come out a year
or two after the major release.

Historically, Oracle has only
made one second minor release.

Thus, versions like 10g and 11g
have made it to 10.2 or 11.2,

but not 3.

The third number is the
application server release

number, which will always
be zero for a database.

This is used to consolidate
the numbering between all

of Oracle's products.

The fourth number is called
the component-specific release

number, which we would
refer to as the patch level.

The fifth and last number is
the platform-specific release

number.

This number is only
used for patches

that apply to a particular
operating system

version, and not every version.