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--captions by vitac--
Www.Vitac.Com
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Captions paid for by
Discovery communications
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Narrator: today
On "How it's made" --
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Aerospace fasteners.
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Cactus pear puree.
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00:00:42,034 --> 00:00:43,827
And lab reactors
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An aircraft must be able to
Withstand extreme conditions
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00:00:57,206 --> 00:00:58,758
And stress,
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So it's critical
That the fasteners
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Holding the parts
Of the aircraft together
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Are made to precise
Technical specifications
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00:01:06,413 --> 00:01:09,655
From high-strength
Corrosion-resistant materials.
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00:01:13,172 --> 00:01:15,448
This company
Manufactures fasteners
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00:01:15,448 --> 00:01:18,241
For all types of aircraft.
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These screws and bolts
Are made of aerospace-grade
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00:01:21,172 --> 00:01:22,896
Stainless steel.
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00:01:22,896 --> 00:01:26,034
It arrives from the steel mill
As coil.
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Certain fasteners are coated
With copper,
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Which acts as a lubricant,
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And the company
Further lubricates them
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With powdered soaps
And other chemicals.
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This prevents the coil from
Catching as this drawing machine
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Pulls it through a round die.
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Wire from the drawing machine
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Enters this
Bolt-forming machine.
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00:01:45,862 --> 00:01:50,517
First, it heats the wire
And cuts pieces called blanks.
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00:01:50,517 --> 00:01:53,724
Each blank then passes
Through five different dies,
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00:01:53,724 --> 00:01:57,862
Each of which progressively
Shapes it into a bolt.
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This t-bolt is made
From a different type
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00:02:00,137 --> 00:02:02,137
Of high-grade stainless steel
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That doesn't require
Extra copper lubrication.
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The coil goes through
The same process
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As the smaller bolt we just saw.
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00:02:11,827 --> 00:02:14,862
However, this bolt-forming
Machine is much larger
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00:02:14,862 --> 00:02:18,931
And uses four dies rather than
Five to shape the t-bolt.
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All fasteners must pass
Several quality-control checks
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Throughout the
Manufacturing process.
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In this particular test,
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The factory measures the bolt's
Head length and diameter
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00:02:33,931 --> 00:02:38,413
And checks the results against
The technical specifications.
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00:02:38,413 --> 00:02:41,068
When the fasteners come
Off the forming machines,
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They have sharp edges
Called burrs,
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00:02:43,931 --> 00:02:47,655
So they have to go for a spin
In a deburring machine.
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00:02:47,655 --> 00:02:52,206
This one is pretty low-tech
But highly effective.
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Fasteners made of certain
Types of stainless steel
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Are sent to an outside plant
For heat treatment,
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Which strengthens them.
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00:03:01,275 --> 00:03:03,551
Fasteners made from
Copper-lubricated
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00:03:03,551 --> 00:03:06,551
Stainless steel soak
In a bath of nitric acid
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00:03:06,551 --> 00:03:09,482
For about 20 minutes
To dissolve the copper
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00:03:09,482 --> 00:03:13,517
Without harming
The stainless steel.
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00:03:13,517 --> 00:03:16,896
Workers thoroughly rinse
The fasteners with water,
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Then dry them off by
Spinning them at high speed.
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The final step
Is to form threads
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On the body of the fasteners.
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Forming threads adds
Even more strength.
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That's because this factory
Does that using a process
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Called thread rolling.
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00:03:39,137 --> 00:03:41,068
Rather than use
Machining equipment,
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Which cuts threads
Into the shank,
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A process that removes steel
And can weaken the bolt,
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This thread-rolling machine
Rolls one bolt
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At a time between two dies,
Which forms the thread pattern.
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00:03:55,344 --> 00:03:58,172
This process doesn't
Remove any material,
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00:03:58,172 --> 00:04:00,689
And compressing the steel
To form threads
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Actually increases
Its strength and ability
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To handle stress
During flight.
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00:04:09,724 --> 00:04:13,344
The threads undergo a thorough
Quality-control inspection.
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A technician uses a precision
Gauge to measure them.
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Next, he uses ring gauges.
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If the fastener screws
Into the no-go gauge,
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The dimensions are wrong.
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If it screws into the go gauge,
They're correct.
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00:04:30,551 --> 00:04:34,034
This optical imagining system
Measures the fastener,
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00:04:34,034 --> 00:04:37,862
Analyzes the form, spacing
And ankles of the threads,
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00:04:37,862 --> 00:04:41,172
Then sends the data to
The company's computer system.
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That system can trace
Every single fastener
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Back to the batch of steel
From which it was made.
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Another quality-control test
Measures tensile strength,
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How much pull force the fastener
Can withstand before breaking.
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In yet another test, technicians
Cut the fasteners into pieces,
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Mount them onto a bake-like puck
And polish them,
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00:05:09,689 --> 00:05:13,034
Then examine them under
A digital microscope.
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Among other characteristics,
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00:05:14,965 --> 00:05:18,965
They analyze the steel's
Grain size and structure.
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This type of stainless steel
Has a high nickel
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And chromium content,
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Making it resistant to extreme
Temperatures and corrosion.
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Another test assesses
How hard the steel is
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According to an
International standard
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Known as the rockwell
Hardness scale.
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Such rigorous testing
Is imperative for safety
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As these fasteners are
What hold aircraft together.
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Narrator: it's a fruit known
By many names --
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Cactus pear, cactus fruit
And prickly pear.
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00:06:04,206 --> 00:06:06,724
It grows on several
Species of cacti,
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00:06:06,724 --> 00:06:08,517
Which are native
To parts of north,
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00:06:08,517 --> 00:06:10,862
Central and south america.
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00:06:10,862 --> 00:06:13,413
Some growers, in addition
To selling the fruit,
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Produce a puree,
Which they sell as a flavoring.
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Prickly pear martini, anyone?
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Cactus pear fruit is high
In fiber and rich
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In vitamins and minerals.
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It's sweet and delicious
Eaten as-is
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00:06:29,172 --> 00:06:33,482
Or as a natural flavoring
In foods and beverages.
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In the salinas valley
In california,
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00:06:35,931 --> 00:06:39,172
The cactus pear harvest
Begins around late august
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And continues
Through early april.
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The fruit is ripe when its skin
Begins turning red.
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The harvesters wear
Thick leather gloves
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To protect their hands from
The thorns and safety glasses
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To shield their eyes
From loose thorns
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That blow through the air.
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Tractors haul the cactus pears
To the processing plant.
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The fruit first passes over
Brushes and into a vacuum
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00:07:04,931 --> 00:07:07,241
That removes loose dirt,
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00:07:07,241 --> 00:07:09,827
Then through a shower
Of chlorinated water,
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00:07:09,827 --> 00:07:12,482
Which kills off bacteria.
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00:07:12,482 --> 00:07:16,758
The fruit enters a cold-air
Dryer for about 5 seconds,
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00:07:16,758 --> 00:07:21,344
Then passes through
A hot-air dryer for 20 seconds.
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00:07:21,344 --> 00:07:24,206
The fruit exits completely dry.
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00:07:24,206 --> 00:07:27,034
A quality-control team
Removes any with bruises
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00:07:27,034 --> 00:07:29,793
Or other cosmetic defects
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00:07:29,793 --> 00:07:34,413
And transfers those cactus pears
To the puree line.
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00:07:34,413 --> 00:07:36,724
The fruit that passes
Inspection falls
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00:07:36,724 --> 00:07:38,620
Into what's called a singulator,
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00:07:38,620 --> 00:07:41,689
A machine that lines
Them up in single file.
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00:07:41,689 --> 00:07:45,103
The singulator deposits
Each cactus pear into a cup
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00:07:45,103 --> 00:07:47,551
On a computer-guided
Weigh-and-sort machine,
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00:07:47,551 --> 00:07:50,413
Which classifies
Each fruit by size,
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00:07:50,413 --> 00:07:54,103
Then applies the grower's
Price code sticker.
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The fruit then travels
On the conveyor belt
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00:07:56,655 --> 00:07:58,620
That leads to the padded tub
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00:07:58,620 --> 00:08:02,448
Designated for
Its weight classification.
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00:08:02,448 --> 00:08:04,034
A worker stationed at the tub
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00:08:04,034 --> 00:08:07,827
Packs the cactus pears
Into a lined shipping box.
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00:08:10,482 --> 00:08:13,793
Another worker removes
Any less-than-perfect fruit
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00:08:13,793 --> 00:08:16,793
That managed to slip
Through the previous checks.
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00:08:16,793 --> 00:08:19,310
Those also go to the puree line.
140
00:08:23,655 --> 00:08:27,000
On the puree line, the dumper
Drops the cactus pears
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00:08:27,000 --> 00:08:28,827
Onto a conveyor-belt system,
142
00:08:28,827 --> 00:08:31,413
Which transports them
To the crusher.
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00:08:37,551 --> 00:08:42,275
The machine crushes the fruit,
Separating the skins and flesh,
144
00:08:42,275 --> 00:08:44,793
Mashing the flesh into puree
145
00:08:44,793 --> 00:08:47,965
And extracting the sweet
Magenta-colored juice.
146
00:08:52,413 --> 00:08:55,206
From the crusher,
The pressed skins drop
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00:08:55,206 --> 00:08:57,275
Onto the vibrating shaker
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00:08:57,275 --> 00:09:02,034
While the puree and juice flow
Through it into a tank below.
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00:09:02,034 --> 00:09:06,103
The shaker separates any puree
Still caught in the skins.
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00:09:08,344 --> 00:09:11,724
The skins drop into a bin
And are hauled off to be used
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00:09:11,724 --> 00:09:15,034
As compost
Or sold as animal feed.
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00:09:21,448 --> 00:09:23,724
Once the tank is filled
To capacity
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00:09:23,724 --> 00:09:27,344
With about 400 pounds
Of puree,
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00:09:27,344 --> 00:09:31,551
A pump transfers it
To a large hopper.
155
00:09:31,551 --> 00:09:35,344
A worker releases puree from
The hopper to the finisher.
156
00:09:35,344 --> 00:09:38,655
The finisher's fine screens
Trap the seeds
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00:09:38,655 --> 00:09:43,034
While letting the puree pass
Through to a holding tank below.
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00:09:43,034 --> 00:09:46,172
The seeds are sold to businesses
That press them into oil
159
00:09:46,172 --> 00:09:50,482
For cosmetic and hair products.
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00:09:50,482 --> 00:09:54,068
From the holding tank,
The deseeded puree passes
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00:09:54,068 --> 00:09:58,206
Through a second finisher
With even finer filters.
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00:09:58,206 --> 00:10:01,241
Then it flows into a tank
For pasteurization,
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00:10:01,241 --> 00:10:03,896
Which kills off
Any remaining bacteria.
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The puree is finally ready.
165
00:10:10,344 --> 00:10:14,724
A worker fills a drum, which is
Double-lined with plastic bags.
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00:10:17,586 --> 00:10:20,758
She draws four 1-cup samples
From each drum
167
00:10:20,758 --> 00:10:22,862
For quality-control tracking.
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00:10:28,758 --> 00:10:32,482
Once a drum contains
400 pounds of puree,
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00:10:32,482 --> 00:10:35,655
The worker zip-ties
Each bag separately,
170
00:10:35,655 --> 00:10:37,758
Closes the drum with a lid,
171
00:10:37,758 --> 00:10:40,034
Safety-seals
The lid with a lock,
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00:10:40,034 --> 00:10:42,172
Then puts the drum
In the freezer.
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00:10:44,448 --> 00:10:46,931
The cactus pear puree
Is sold frozen
174
00:10:46,931 --> 00:10:49,275
To the food
And beverage industry,
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00:10:49,275 --> 00:10:51,620
Which uses it to flavor
Many products,
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00:10:51,620 --> 00:10:55,103
From ice cream, sorbet,
And gelato
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00:10:55,103 --> 00:10:59,517
To flavored water, wine,
Tequila, and brandy.
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00:11:13,034 --> 00:11:16,068
Narrator: lab reactors
Are vessels of discovery.
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00:11:16,068 --> 00:11:18,758
Inside these enclosed
Glass systems,
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00:11:18,758 --> 00:11:21,965
Chemical and
Biological reactions happen.
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00:11:21,965 --> 00:11:23,862
Useful for developing
Many products,
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00:11:23,862 --> 00:11:26,896
Including medications
Like cancer drugs,
183
00:11:26,896 --> 00:11:30,793
They can also be used to produce
These products on a small scale.
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00:11:33,862 --> 00:11:37,517
A lab reactor is basically
A sophisticated blender.
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00:11:37,517 --> 00:11:41,206
During mixing, it also heats
Or cools ingredients
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00:11:41,206 --> 00:11:43,137
To start a chemical reaction,
187
00:11:43,137 --> 00:11:48,137
And there are ports for
Attachments like a condenser.
188
00:11:48,137 --> 00:11:53,344
Making lab reactors starts
With solid glass rods.
189
00:11:53,344 --> 00:11:57,137
The rods are sometimes a bit
Crooked, so a worker heats
190
00:11:57,137 --> 00:11:59,931
And moves them across rollers
To straighten them.
191
00:12:02,379 --> 00:12:06,620
Grinding wheels round their
Shape to more precise contours,
192
00:12:06,620 --> 00:12:10,000
And a wet sanding
Smooths the surface.
193
00:12:12,241 --> 00:12:17,000
The operator measures
The outer diameter of each rod.
194
00:12:17,000 --> 00:12:19,310
A worker heats
One end of the rod
195
00:12:19,310 --> 00:12:22,482
And forms a rim
Using a special tool.
196
00:12:22,482 --> 00:12:26,413
He applies dabs of liquid glass
Just below the rim.
197
00:12:26,413 --> 00:12:29,827
This creates nubs for properly
Situating the blade hub
198
00:12:29,827 --> 00:12:32,068
On the main shaft.
199
00:12:32,068 --> 00:12:34,344
To make the reactor's
Inner wall,
200
00:12:34,344 --> 00:12:36,758
He scores a wide glass tube
201
00:12:36,758 --> 00:12:42,000
And exposes the score line
To a flame and then water.
202
00:12:42,000 --> 00:12:44,793
Another worker heats
The top end.
203
00:12:44,793 --> 00:12:47,379
He supports the glass
With a wide paddle
204
00:12:47,379 --> 00:12:51,344
Until it's malleable
Enough to shape.
205
00:12:51,344 --> 00:12:53,827
A forming tool
Gives it a wide lip
206
00:12:53,827 --> 00:12:57,931
That will serve as
The opening of the reactor.
207
00:12:57,931 --> 00:13:01,172
He aims a flame at the newly
Formed flange
208
00:13:01,172 --> 00:13:05,482
To smooth out any imperfections.
209
00:13:05,482 --> 00:13:08,517
He slides a larger glass vessel
Over the flask,
210
00:13:08,517 --> 00:13:11,275
Then fuses them at both ends.
211
00:13:11,275 --> 00:13:13,827
This creates a hollow jacket
Through which liquids
212
00:13:13,827 --> 00:13:18,931
Will be pumped to heat or cool
The contents of the flask.
213
00:13:18,931 --> 00:13:22,172
A different worker cuts
Another glass tube to length.
214
00:13:22,172 --> 00:13:26,103
He scores it lightly and again
Exposes it to fire and water
215
00:13:26,103 --> 00:13:30,068
To break it along
The etched line.
216
00:13:30,068 --> 00:13:31,896
He shapes the tube into a port
217
00:13:31,896 --> 00:13:35,689
For the outside
Of the reactor jacket.
218
00:13:35,689 --> 00:13:37,620
He'll make two of these ports.
219
00:13:37,620 --> 00:13:40,896
They'll be used to circulate
Heating and cooling liquids.
220
00:13:44,862 --> 00:13:46,310
Using the torch,
221
00:13:46,310 --> 00:13:49,344
A worker softens a spot
On the reactor jacket.
222
00:13:53,206 --> 00:13:56,827
With tweezers, he pulls away
The softened glass,
223
00:13:56,827 --> 00:14:01,034
Creating a hole for the port
To be installed.
224
00:14:01,034 --> 00:14:03,931
After inserting a ceramic
Holder in the port,
225
00:14:03,931 --> 00:14:06,758
He fuses it to the hole
On an angle.
226
00:14:09,344 --> 00:14:11,448
Once the seam solidifies,
227
00:14:11,448 --> 00:14:15,517
The port will be an intrinsic
Part of the lab-reactor vessel.
228
00:14:18,275 --> 00:14:20,827
Abrasive wheels grind
Another glass tube
229
00:14:20,827 --> 00:14:23,517
To make it perfectly round.
230
00:14:23,517 --> 00:14:26,379
This tube will be part
Of a drainage valve.
231
00:14:31,586 --> 00:14:33,896
An employee then begins work
On the rest
232
00:14:33,896 --> 00:14:36,206
Of the drainage valve assembly.
233
00:14:36,206 --> 00:14:38,862
He forms an internal thread
For a plug.
234
00:14:40,793 --> 00:14:42,896
And after cutting it shorter,
235
00:14:42,896 --> 00:14:47,068
Another worker creates
A flange on the other end.
236
00:14:47,068 --> 00:14:51,241
He burns a hole in the side
Of the valve tube.
237
00:14:51,241 --> 00:14:54,310
The drainage tubing,
Now also cut shorter,
238
00:14:54,310 --> 00:14:57,551
Is ready to be attached
To the rest of the valve.
239
00:14:57,551 --> 00:15:02,310
He heats the connecting points,
And they melt and meld together.
240
00:15:05,482 --> 00:15:07,448
Since we last saw it,
241
00:15:07,448 --> 00:15:09,931
The reactor vessel
Has received a base.
242
00:15:09,931 --> 00:15:12,275
A worker burns a hole
In that base
243
00:15:12,275 --> 00:15:16,068
And fuses the drainage valve
Onto it.
244
00:15:16,068 --> 00:15:18,655
Another employee then places
The reactor vessel
245
00:15:18,655 --> 00:15:22,137
In a special fixture
And checks that it sits level.
246
00:15:25,448 --> 00:15:28,758
She adds specific amounts
Of water incrementally,
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00:15:28,758 --> 00:15:31,103
Beginning with 2 cups.
248
00:15:33,103 --> 00:15:35,965
She draws a line on the outside
Of the reactor vessel
249
00:15:35,965 --> 00:15:39,310
To indicate the amount inside.
250
00:15:39,310 --> 00:15:42,413
This will provide a reference
For affixing a scale.
251
00:15:46,034 --> 00:15:50,896
Using the markings as a guide,
She applies the ceramic scale.
252
00:15:50,896 --> 00:15:53,689
They'll become part of the glass
When the vessel is baked
253
00:15:53,689 --> 00:15:55,344
And slowly cooled.
254
00:15:58,241 --> 00:16:00,000
Stay tuned for a lot more,
255
00:16:00,000 --> 00:16:02,275
As this lab reactor
Comes together
256
00:16:02,275 --> 00:16:04,000
To create a stir.
257
00:16:17,000 --> 00:16:20,758
Narrator: making a lab reactor
Is done for science.
258
00:16:20,758 --> 00:16:24,241
Precision is important because
These reactors will be used
259
00:16:24,241 --> 00:16:25,793
To develop new drugs,
260
00:16:25,793 --> 00:16:29,413
Cosmetics and a range
Of chemical materials.
261
00:16:29,413 --> 00:16:32,068
They can also serve
As little factories,
262
00:16:32,068 --> 00:16:34,620
Producing small
Batches of products.
263
00:16:38,344 --> 00:16:40,931
A lab reactor needs
Sturdy impeller blades
264
00:16:40,931 --> 00:16:45,103
To generate an effective
Chemical reaction.
265
00:16:45,103 --> 00:16:48,344
An automated milling tool cuts
A notch in a disk
266
00:16:48,344 --> 00:16:52,034
Made from strong
Chemically resistant plastic.
267
00:16:52,034 --> 00:16:55,137
Another system carves
Screw threads into a hub
268
00:16:55,137 --> 00:16:57,379
Made of the same material.
269
00:16:57,379 --> 00:17:00,137
A tool bores a hole in
The center for the insertion
270
00:17:00,137 --> 00:17:03,344
Of what's called
The agitator shaft.
271
00:17:03,344 --> 00:17:07,586
The operator smooths the threads
With fine sandpaper
272
00:17:07,586 --> 00:17:10,827
And then assembles
The blades to the hub.
273
00:17:10,827 --> 00:17:12,965
Next is the condenser.
274
00:17:12,965 --> 00:17:15,517
It's an attachment through which
Vapor will travel
275
00:17:15,517 --> 00:17:19,172
To be transformed into a liquid.
276
00:17:19,172 --> 00:17:22,448
The worker twists the softened
Glass tube around a rod
277
00:17:22,448 --> 00:17:24,689
To form the coil.
278
00:17:24,689 --> 00:17:27,206
Another worker inserts
A linear glass tube
279
00:17:27,206 --> 00:17:29,379
In the center of the coil.
280
00:17:29,379 --> 00:17:31,379
She melts glass near the bottom
281
00:17:31,379 --> 00:17:35,068
To seal the center tube
To the coil.
282
00:17:35,068 --> 00:17:39,310
Moving to the top, she heats
The glass and, with tweezers,
283
00:17:39,310 --> 00:17:43,896
Pulls a bit from the end
Of the coil to pry it open.
284
00:17:43,896 --> 00:17:48,448
With a pick, she opens
It up a little more.
285
00:17:48,448 --> 00:17:52,413
She uses a graphite reaming tool
To shape the glass opening
286
00:17:52,413 --> 00:17:54,241
Into a more flared profile.
287
00:17:57,068 --> 00:17:59,275
The condenser body takes shape,
288
00:17:59,275 --> 00:18:03,655
And the worker forms
A joint on the end.
289
00:18:03,655 --> 00:18:08,310
He inserts a standard joint
To test the fit.
290
00:18:08,310 --> 00:18:13,172
The coil can now be inserted
Into the condenser body.
291
00:18:13,172 --> 00:18:16,689
Another worker fuses the
Condenser wall to the coil
292
00:18:16,689 --> 00:18:18,482
And burns holes
In the glass wall
293
00:18:18,482 --> 00:18:20,586
To connect hose attachments.
294
00:18:20,586 --> 00:18:24,137
She exposes the seam
To a less focused flame
295
00:18:24,137 --> 00:18:27,137
To bring down
The temperature slowly.
296
00:18:27,137 --> 00:18:29,689
The next worker creates a joint
For the lower end
297
00:18:29,689 --> 00:18:31,517
Of the condenser.
298
00:18:31,517 --> 00:18:33,965
This joint will be used
To connect the condenser
299
00:18:33,965 --> 00:18:37,172
To the reactor.
300
00:18:37,172 --> 00:18:40,413
Once the basic taper profile
Has been achieved,
301
00:18:40,413 --> 00:18:43,310
Grinding tools size it
More precisely.
302
00:18:46,241 --> 00:18:48,793
When the connector joint
Has been cut to length,
303
00:18:48,793 --> 00:18:51,896
The worker attaches it
To the base of the condenser.
304
00:18:56,413 --> 00:18:59,413
Another glass fabricator
Makes more joints,
305
00:18:59,413 --> 00:19:02,758
One of which will connect the
Condenser to the reactor lid,
306
00:19:02,758 --> 00:19:05,103
Or head, as it's known
In the industry.
307
00:19:06,862 --> 00:19:10,655
He keeps the glass tube long
For easy handling
308
00:19:10,655 --> 00:19:14,172
And then cuts it
To the correct length.
309
00:19:14,172 --> 00:19:16,344
The worker now seals
The center joint
310
00:19:16,344 --> 00:19:20,241
To a hole in the reactor lid.
311
00:19:20,241 --> 00:19:24,310
He burns holes in the reactor
Head for other connectors.
312
00:19:24,310 --> 00:19:26,241
As the glass balloons up,
313
00:19:26,241 --> 00:19:30,379
He pulls it away
To fully open the hole.
314
00:19:30,379 --> 00:19:33,275
With all the connectors fused
To the reactor head,
315
00:19:33,275 --> 00:19:35,551
A worker grinds
The base of its flange
316
00:19:35,551 --> 00:19:38,862
Against an abrasive wheel
To make it perfectly even.
317
00:19:42,137 --> 00:19:45,689
An employee then applies
Decals to the head.
318
00:19:45,689 --> 00:19:49,000
These indicate the brand
And the connector size.
319
00:19:49,000 --> 00:19:51,206
The decals will be baked
Into the glass
320
00:19:51,206 --> 00:19:53,344
During its final heating.
321
00:19:55,379 --> 00:19:58,896
He places all the parts
In the annealing oven.
322
00:19:58,896 --> 00:20:00,724
The temperature gradually
Ramps up
323
00:20:00,724 --> 00:20:05,931
To 1,040 degrees fahrenheit
And slowly cools.
324
00:20:05,931 --> 00:20:09,068
This final annealing removes
Internal stresses
325
00:20:09,068 --> 00:20:12,310
And strengthens the glass.
326
00:20:12,310 --> 00:20:16,103
An inspector scrutinizes
The head with a tool to confirm
327
00:20:16,103 --> 00:20:18,862
That the connector joints
Are in proper alignment
328
00:20:18,862 --> 00:20:21,103
And positioned
At the correct angle.
329
00:20:23,206 --> 00:20:25,862
Workers install the vessel
On a stand,
330
00:20:25,862 --> 00:20:28,034
Insert the shaft and blades,
331
00:20:28,034 --> 00:20:32,241
Attach the head
And connect the condenser.
332
00:20:32,241 --> 00:20:34,068
To simulate how it works,
333
00:20:34,068 --> 00:20:37,310
A technician pours
Liquid into the reactor.
334
00:20:37,310 --> 00:20:40,310
He adds colorful plastic solids
That will show up better
335
00:20:40,310 --> 00:20:42,724
For this demonstration.
336
00:20:42,724 --> 00:20:45,517
He activates
The impeller blades.
337
00:20:45,517 --> 00:20:48,793
These blades are designed
To lift solids to the top,
338
00:20:48,793 --> 00:20:51,827
And they do that effectively.
339
00:20:51,827 --> 00:20:55,103
He also runs cooling liquids
Through the condenser.
340
00:20:55,103 --> 00:20:59,275
In practice, the cool coil will
Cause vapors from the vessel
341
00:20:59,275 --> 00:21:01,793
To convert back to a liquid.
342
00:21:01,793 --> 00:21:05,896
This lab reactor is now ready
To be a lifesaver.
27934
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