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--captions by vitac--
Www.Vitac.Com
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00:00:16,862 --> 00:00:19,862
Captions paid for by
Discovery communications
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00:00:53,413 --> 00:00:55,965
Narrator: in the first half
Of the 20th century,
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00:00:55,965 --> 00:00:58,206
Power steering
Was not an option.
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00:00:58,206 --> 00:01:01,137
Prototypes were too expensive
For production.
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00:01:01,137 --> 00:01:04,241
During world war ii,
The british and american armies
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00:01:04,241 --> 00:01:05,862
Began to use power steering
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00:01:05,862 --> 00:01:08,517
In heavy vehicles
Like armored cars,
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00:01:08,517 --> 00:01:12,034
And auto makers soon began
Adding it to passenger vehicles.
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00:01:14,620 --> 00:01:16,310
These hydraulic steering pumps
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00:01:16,310 --> 00:01:19,000
Are the steering muscle
In muscle cars,
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00:01:19,000 --> 00:01:22,793
Providing a power assist
To give the driver more control.
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00:01:25,000 --> 00:01:28,724
Using computer software,
Manufacturers design the pumps
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00:01:28,724 --> 00:01:31,586
To fit specific
Classes of vehicles.
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00:01:31,586 --> 00:01:35,000
They print a plastic model
Using a 3-d printer.
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00:01:35,000 --> 00:01:38,344
This is a time-lapse
Video of the process.
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00:01:38,344 --> 00:01:41,586
The designer removes the
Plastic model and he sends it,
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00:01:41,586 --> 00:01:44,931
Along with the computer design,
To a casting facility,
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00:01:44,931 --> 00:01:49,103
Which produces aluminum
Pump-housing parts.
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00:01:49,103 --> 00:01:51,275
Back at the factory,
A worker mounts
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00:01:51,275 --> 00:01:53,275
12 of the castings in a machine
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00:01:53,275 --> 00:01:55,344
With computer-controlled
Tooling.
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00:01:57,620 --> 00:01:59,241
He activates the system,
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00:01:59,241 --> 00:02:03,655
And it moves the rack
Of castings into position.
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00:02:03,655 --> 00:02:07,241
The tools machine
The face of the castings.
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00:02:07,241 --> 00:02:09,517
They bore center-bearing holes
And drill
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00:02:09,517 --> 00:02:13,448
Threaded holes for bolts.
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00:02:13,448 --> 00:02:16,758
This is precision work,
Which will now be double-checked
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00:02:16,758 --> 00:02:21,413
By a device known as
A coordinate measuring machine.
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00:02:21,413 --> 00:02:24,862
A worker clamps the pump
Housing in the machine.
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00:02:24,862 --> 00:02:28,965
Then, a ruby-tipped probe
Scans its dimensions.
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00:02:28,965 --> 00:02:31,551
The machine analyzes
The information.
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00:02:31,551 --> 00:02:34,103
It verifies that every part
Of the housing meets
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00:02:34,103 --> 00:02:36,206
The precise specifications.
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00:02:40,724 --> 00:02:45,551
With that confirmation,
He unclamps the part.
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00:02:45,551 --> 00:02:48,931
This is the pump housing in the
Various stages of production.
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00:02:52,586 --> 00:02:55,068
Other tools turn a solid
Aluminum dowel
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00:02:55,068 --> 00:02:58,206
Into a fitting for
The pump's pressure bore.
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00:02:58,206 --> 00:03:00,000
They sculpt the circumference
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00:03:00,000 --> 00:03:03,103
And carve a complex
Geometry in the center
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00:03:03,103 --> 00:03:07,551
For controlling the flow
Of power steering fluid.
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00:03:07,551 --> 00:03:10,310
Another tool carves the thread
To screw the fitting
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00:03:10,310 --> 00:03:11,793
Into the pressure bore,
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00:03:11,793 --> 00:03:15,724
And the final one drills
The fluid bypass hole.
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00:03:15,724 --> 00:03:19,655
A blue anodized coating
Protects it from corrosion.
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00:03:19,655 --> 00:03:23,586
A worker now locks the pump
Housing in a honing machine.
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00:03:23,586 --> 00:03:26,931
The machine floods the pressure
Relief bore with lubricant
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00:03:26,931 --> 00:03:32,206
As the stone hones the inner
Diameter to a precise tolerance.
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00:03:32,206 --> 00:03:35,758
He then transfers the pump
Housing to a press.
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00:03:35,758 --> 00:03:39,620
He inserts a bearing and shaft
In the center bore.
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00:03:39,620 --> 00:03:43,000
He places an aluminum tool
Over the bearing and shaft
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00:03:43,000 --> 00:03:44,655
To align them correctly
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00:03:44,655 --> 00:03:48,655
As he manually presses
Them into the bore.
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00:03:48,655 --> 00:03:51,241
Once the bearing has been
Solidly entrenched,
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00:03:51,241 --> 00:03:53,517
He removes the tool.
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00:03:53,517 --> 00:03:56,172
He inserts a metal
Snap ring in a groove
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00:03:56,172 --> 00:04:00,137
To retain the bearing and shaft.
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00:04:00,137 --> 00:04:03,862
He turns the power steering pump
Over an installs o-rings
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00:04:03,862 --> 00:04:05,793
To seal the pressure section.
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00:04:09,517 --> 00:04:12,000
Then the worker
Installs the cam ring
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00:04:12,000 --> 00:04:15,793
And the rotor with the veins.
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00:04:15,793 --> 00:04:19,103
As the rotor spins,
The veins will move in and out,
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00:04:19,103 --> 00:04:20,724
Collecting hydraulic fluid.
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00:04:20,724 --> 00:04:22,620
This process adds pressure,
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00:04:22,620 --> 00:04:25,482
Taking the load off
The steering wheel.
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00:04:25,482 --> 00:04:28,137
The worker installs
This critical sub-assembly
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00:04:28,137 --> 00:04:31,586
In the pump housing.
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00:04:31,586 --> 00:04:34,655
He screws the device in place
In the four corners.
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00:04:38,517 --> 00:04:40,793
He turns the power
Steering pump over
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00:04:40,793 --> 00:04:42,793
And seals the end
Of the pressure bore
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00:04:42,793 --> 00:04:45,517
With an aluminum plug
And copper washer.
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00:04:51,586 --> 00:04:53,586
He now tucks the pressure
Relief valve
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00:04:53,586 --> 00:04:57,724
In the open part
Of the pressure bore.
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00:04:57,724 --> 00:04:59,862
He secures it with the special
Flow fitting
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00:04:59,862 --> 00:05:02,241
We saw machined earlier on.
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00:05:06,689 --> 00:05:09,172
He tightens the fitting
With a torque wrench.
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00:05:11,655 --> 00:05:14,724
He turns the power
Steering pump onto its side.
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00:05:16,862 --> 00:05:19,034
He attaches a fitting
To the intake port
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00:05:19,034 --> 00:05:21,034
For the hydraulic fluid.
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00:05:21,034 --> 00:05:23,034
The power steering pump
Is now equipped
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00:05:23,034 --> 00:05:24,896
With all the working parts.
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Here's a look at
The transformation.
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00:05:30,034 --> 00:05:33,517
A display model with a cutout
Offers a peak inside.
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00:05:35,620 --> 00:05:36,827
At the test station,
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00:05:36,827 --> 00:05:39,034
A technician makes
All the connections
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00:05:39,034 --> 00:05:42,655
And runs it as if it was
In an actual racecar.
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00:05:42,655 --> 00:05:45,655
A computer measures its
Performance and confirms
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00:05:45,655 --> 00:05:49,758
That it meets all
The technical requirements.
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00:05:49,758 --> 00:05:52,517
The power steering pump
Is now ready for the twists
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00:05:52,517 --> 00:05:55,068
And turns of
Professional racing.
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00:06:08,275 --> 00:06:10,344
Narrator: across asia,
Rice bowl meals
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00:06:10,344 --> 00:06:12,379
Are an enduring tradition.
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00:06:12,379 --> 00:06:14,758
By combining protein
And vegetable elements
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00:06:14,758 --> 00:06:17,724
With rice in a bowl,
People have a meal.
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00:06:17,724 --> 00:06:19,448
It's asian comfort food,
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00:06:19,448 --> 00:06:22,068
And somehow it just tastes
Better in a bowl.
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00:06:22,068 --> 00:06:24,206
And people around the world
Are discovering
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00:06:24,206 --> 00:06:26,896
The appeal of these
One-bowl meals.
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00:06:29,206 --> 00:06:32,034
Asian bowl meals
Start with the rice.
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00:06:32,034 --> 00:06:35,206
Then people add
Whatever they want.
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At food bars like this,
There's any number of choices.
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00:06:39,068 --> 00:06:42,689
The bowls can be served up fast,
And the food is healthy.
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00:06:42,689 --> 00:06:45,482
Because there are many
Possible combinations,
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00:06:45,482 --> 00:06:48,965
These one-bowl meals
Never get boring.
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00:06:48,965 --> 00:06:51,620
Preparations start
With the rice.
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00:06:51,620 --> 00:06:55,724
This food worker measures
Enough for 40 portions.
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00:06:55,724 --> 00:06:58,034
After rinsing the grains
Repeatedly,
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00:06:58,034 --> 00:07:01,310
He adds it to a rice cooker.
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00:07:01,310 --> 00:07:05,206
He then measures the water
For cooking.
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00:07:05,206 --> 00:07:07,241
He adds it to the cooker.
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00:07:07,241 --> 00:07:12,172
It will steam the grains so they
Cook uniformly for one hour.
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00:07:12,172 --> 00:07:14,586
While the rice is cooking,
The food worker
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00:07:14,586 --> 00:07:18,379
Then pours peeled garlic cloves
Into a food processor.
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00:07:20,379 --> 00:07:22,896
He adds a half cup
Of vegetable oil.
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00:07:22,896 --> 00:07:26,551
The garlic will flavor several
Dishes in the asian food bar.
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00:07:29,172 --> 00:07:34,206
The food processor chops the
Garlic to a fine consistency.
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00:07:34,206 --> 00:07:36,551
Using a mandolin
Vegetable slicer,
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00:07:36,551 --> 00:07:40,172
He slices slivers of carrots.
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00:07:40,172 --> 00:07:41,793
Along with chopped onions,
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00:07:41,793 --> 00:07:45,344
The carrots will enhance
The flavor of fried rice.
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00:07:45,344 --> 00:07:47,620
He now removes some rice
From the cooker,
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In order to make fried rice.
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00:07:49,827 --> 00:07:53,413
He separates the grains
So they'll fry more uniformly.
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00:07:57,000 --> 00:07:59,482
The food worker
Is now ready to fry.
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00:07:59,482 --> 00:08:02,758
He heats the wok
To a very high temperature.
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00:08:02,758 --> 00:08:07,275
He adds cooking oil,
And it starts to sizzle.
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00:08:07,275 --> 00:08:09,344
He tosses in the carrot slivers,
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00:08:09,344 --> 00:08:12,827
Chopped onion, garlic
And frozen peas.
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00:08:12,827 --> 00:08:15,241
He constantly stirs
The ingredients,
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00:08:15,241 --> 00:08:19,310
And the flavors
Sweeten and deepen.
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00:08:19,310 --> 00:08:22,586
He turns down the heat
A bit an adds the rice.
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00:08:22,586 --> 00:08:25,758
He mixes the rice with the other
Ingredients as the cooking
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00:08:25,758 --> 00:08:30,206
Continues at
A slightly lower temperature.
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00:08:30,206 --> 00:08:32,000
He measures the temperature.
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00:08:32,000 --> 00:08:33,482
For food safety reasons,
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00:08:33,482 --> 00:08:38,172
It needs to be over
143 degrees fahrenheit.
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00:08:38,172 --> 00:08:41,482
The food worker pours soy sauce
Onto the hot wok.
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00:08:41,482 --> 00:08:43,620
It trickles down
To permeate the rice,
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00:08:43,620 --> 00:08:46,034
Adding flavor and color.
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00:08:46,034 --> 00:08:50,275
That completes the fried rice
Component of the food bar.
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00:08:50,275 --> 00:08:53,275
Next up are the vegetable
And protein choices.
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00:08:55,068 --> 00:08:58,241
The food worker cubes
Sushi-grade tuna.
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00:08:58,241 --> 00:09:01,689
It will be marinated
With a spicy saucy shortly.
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00:09:01,689 --> 00:09:04,275
He places the tuna
In a food bar container.
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00:09:06,379 --> 00:09:09,344
He peels cucumber
And then juliennes it.
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00:09:09,344 --> 00:09:11,551
The cucumber will be a raw
Food choice
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00:09:11,551 --> 00:09:14,413
That will offset
The strong flavor of the tuna.
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00:09:16,689 --> 00:09:20,724
The food worker then prepares
The tuna's spicy marinade.
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00:09:20,724 --> 00:09:22,275
He adds chili sauce
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00:09:22,275 --> 00:09:27,275
And a smaller amount
Of chili oil to mayonnaise.
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00:09:27,275 --> 00:09:29,241
It's hot stuff.
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00:09:32,310 --> 00:09:35,344
A seaweed salad dish
Is another refreshing choice
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00:09:35,344 --> 00:09:38,137
That will cool the palate.
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00:09:38,137 --> 00:09:42,379
He adds the chili
Mayonnaise to the tuna.
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00:09:42,379 --> 00:09:44,103
And he turns up the heat
A little more
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00:09:44,103 --> 00:09:46,206
With some extra chili oil.
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00:09:49,206 --> 00:09:52,482
A thorough mixing completely
Saturates the raw fish
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With the spicy sauce.
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00:09:55,586 --> 00:09:57,965
Next, the food worker
Prepares the dressing
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00:09:57,965 --> 00:09:59,793
For a cabbage salad.
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00:09:59,793 --> 00:10:02,413
He starts with
A white miso paste.
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00:10:02,413 --> 00:10:05,482
A generous amount
Of soy sauce follows.
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00:10:05,482 --> 00:10:09,965
Sushi vinegar and vegetable oil
Are the next ingredients.
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00:10:09,965 --> 00:10:14,862
After adding some sesame oil,
He blends all the components.
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00:10:14,862 --> 00:10:18,448
He coats the shredded cabbage
With the miso dressing.
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00:10:18,448 --> 00:10:22,068
He sprinkles black sesame seeds
Onto the cabbage salad.
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00:10:24,931 --> 00:10:28,655
Teriyaki beef
Is the next option.
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00:10:28,655 --> 00:10:32,310
The main ingredients are shaved
Filet steak, chopped ginger,
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00:10:32,310 --> 00:10:34,103
And shredded onion.
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00:10:34,103 --> 00:10:36,586
The food worker sautés the onion
And ginger
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00:10:36,586 --> 00:10:39,862
To provide a flavor base.
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00:10:39,862 --> 00:10:42,896
He adds the shaved steak,
And as it cooks,
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00:10:42,896 --> 00:10:45,724
It takes up the essence
Of the onion and ginger.
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00:10:50,344 --> 00:10:52,068
The soy-based teriyaki sauce
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00:10:52,068 --> 00:10:54,655
Provides
The final layer of flavor.
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00:10:57,379 --> 00:11:01,413
With this dish now complete,
It's time for the fun part --
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00:11:01,413 --> 00:11:05,103
Mixing and matching components
For the asian food bowl.
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00:11:17,034 --> 00:11:19,551
Narrator: there was a time
When an elegant walking cane
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00:11:19,551 --> 00:11:22,413
Was a status symbol
For fashionable gentlemen.
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00:11:22,413 --> 00:11:25,931
Today, a cane is no longer
Considered an accessory,
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00:11:25,931 --> 00:11:28,448
But rather a utilitarian
Medical aid
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00:11:28,448 --> 00:11:30,551
For people with mobility issues.
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00:11:30,551 --> 00:11:33,000
However, one can
Still find canes
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00:11:33,000 --> 00:11:35,517
Which combine both
Function and fashion.
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00:11:37,000 --> 00:11:39,931
Walking canes can indeed
Be stylish,
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00:11:39,931 --> 00:11:43,862
With straight or crook handles
Made of exotic wood or bone,
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00:11:43,862 --> 00:11:48,103
Elegant knob handles,
Or elaborate figurative handles.
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00:11:48,103 --> 00:11:50,413
This family enterprise
Has been hand-crafting
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00:11:50,413 --> 00:11:55,482
Walking canes since 1909.
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00:11:55,482 --> 00:11:59,344
Making a crook handle requires
Bending the handle material.
191
00:11:59,344 --> 00:12:02,482
After heating a curved steel
Form in a fire,
192
00:12:02,482 --> 00:12:06,137
Workers insert a square stick
Of ebony in a steel spring
193
00:12:06,137 --> 00:12:09,620
And mount it on the central
Axis of the machine.
194
00:12:09,620 --> 00:12:12,758
The clamp the machine's
Guide wheel against the form,
195
00:12:12,758 --> 00:12:16,000
Then clamp the part of the stick
That will remain straight.
196
00:12:19,172 --> 00:12:20,827
Using their body weight,
197
00:12:20,827 --> 00:12:23,655
The worker forces the
Machine's lever forward,
198
00:12:23,655 --> 00:12:25,206
Wrapping the top part
Of the stick
199
00:12:25,206 --> 00:12:27,413
Around the hot,
Curved form.
200
00:12:32,379 --> 00:12:35,344
It's critical to do this slowly
To prevent the wood
201
00:12:35,344 --> 00:12:37,862
From snapping.
202
00:12:40,310 --> 00:12:44,206
Workers then lock the bent stick
Against the form with a brace...
203
00:12:47,206 --> 00:12:49,206
And remove it from the machine.
204
00:12:54,241 --> 00:12:58,344
They set it aside for a week.
205
00:12:58,344 --> 00:13:01,655
One week later, they remove
The brace and spring
206
00:13:01,655 --> 00:13:04,344
And mount the curved
Stick on a lathe.
207
00:13:04,344 --> 00:13:08,034
As the stick spins,
A carriage moves a saw down
208
00:13:08,034 --> 00:13:11,482
The straight part of the cane,
Known as the shaft,
209
00:13:11,482 --> 00:13:14,379
Reducing the diameter
And rounding it out.
210
00:13:16,586 --> 00:13:19,689
This is the shaft before
And after this step.
211
00:13:27,275 --> 00:13:30,241
A worker runs the handle
Against a coarse grit
212
00:13:30,241 --> 00:13:34,103
Sanding belt to pare it down
And begin rounding it out.
213
00:13:37,000 --> 00:13:40,448
He uses a router to refine
The shape and works on the
214
00:13:40,448 --> 00:13:43,413
Harder-to-access inner
Part of the curve.
215
00:13:47,482 --> 00:13:49,206
Once the handle is rounded,
216
00:13:49,206 --> 00:13:51,862
And its diameter equal
To that of the shaft,
217
00:13:51,862 --> 00:13:54,379
He performs
A final fine sanding.
218
00:14:05,137 --> 00:14:09,000
Then he polishes the entire cane
With polishing compound
219
00:14:09,000 --> 00:14:11,344
Against a cotton buffing wheel.
220
00:14:16,344 --> 00:14:20,793
Slowly but surely, this makes
The ebony sleek and lustrous.
221
00:14:25,310 --> 00:14:28,206
All wooden canes --
These here are made of maple --
222
00:14:28,206 --> 00:14:31,724
Warp a bit during woodworking.
223
00:14:31,724 --> 00:14:35,275
Another worker heats the cane
To make the wood flexible,
224
00:14:35,275 --> 00:14:38,275
Then inserts it
In a v-shaped holder
225
00:14:38,275 --> 00:14:40,448
And peers down
The length of the shaft
226
00:14:40,448 --> 00:14:43,344
To assess the direction
Of the deformity.
227
00:14:43,344 --> 00:14:46,034
Then he manually
Straightens out the cane.
228
00:14:48,586 --> 00:14:53,379
These canes undergo a final step
To add a decorative feature.
229
00:14:53,379 --> 00:14:56,275
A worker sands off some wood
On the crook handle,
230
00:14:56,275 --> 00:14:59,310
Creating a flat, oval surface.
231
00:14:59,310 --> 00:15:03,379
He applies glue, then he adheres
A piece of cow horn.
232
00:15:05,379 --> 00:15:07,103
Once the glue dries,
233
00:15:07,103 --> 00:15:10,034
He grinds the horn flush
With the surrounding wood.
234
00:15:15,310 --> 00:15:17,724
The result is a horn inlay.
235
00:15:20,206 --> 00:15:22,034
Wooden canes
Also need protection
236
00:15:22,034 --> 00:15:24,689
Against moisture and wear.
237
00:15:24,689 --> 00:15:28,172
The factory submerges them
In varnish for a half hour,
238
00:15:28,172 --> 00:15:30,172
So that the varnish
Deeply penetrates
239
00:15:30,172 --> 00:15:33,310
The pores of the wood.
240
00:15:33,310 --> 00:15:37,034
Hanging the canes to dry
Would leave varnish drip marks,
241
00:15:37,034 --> 00:15:39,862
So the factory uses this
Ingenious pulley-driven
242
00:15:39,862 --> 00:15:44,379
Contraption that dates back
To the 1900s.
243
00:15:44,379 --> 00:15:46,724
With its wood wheels
And leather belts,
244
00:15:46,724 --> 00:15:49,931
The machine continuously
Rotates the canes
245
00:15:49,931 --> 00:15:53,551
To prevent the wet varnish
From dripping as it air dries.
246
00:15:56,448 --> 00:15:59,413
That's how to make
A wooden crook-handled cane.
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As you'll see next,
Fancier walking canes
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Require additional steps.
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Narrator: whether it's decorated
With ornately carved wood,
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Sleek horn or gleaning metal,
Brandishing a fancy walking cane
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Is like wearing
A bold pair of eyeglasses.
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What might otherwise
Be a bland necessity
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Can be elevated
To a fashion statement.
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Elegant canes can have
Horn or knob handles,
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Or silver-plated
Figural handles.
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The figural ones are molded
Two at a time.
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After placing a screw
Mechanism in each cavity,
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A worker closes the mold
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And places it in
A centrifuge machine.
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As the mold spins,
He ladles pewter into a funnel
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That feeds the channels leading
Into the mould cavities.
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The centrifugal force shoots
The pewter onto the cavity walls
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In an even layer,
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Where it cools and solidifies
In about five minutes.
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Then he stops the machine
And removes the mould.
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The worker opens the mold
And extracts
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The two pewter castings,
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Each with it's screw mechanism
Securely embedded.
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One is a cobra handle.
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The other is a dog
And boar handle.
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They require
A bit of refinement,
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So the next step is
To remove the excess metal
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With a rotating wire brush.
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A worker then shines
Up the surface
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With some polishing compound
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And a cloth buffing wheel.
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He washes off the
Polishing compound
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And silver-plates the pewter.
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The handle will top an equally
Elegant ebony shaft.
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A worker places the square stick
Of ebony in a lathe,
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Which rounds it.
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The shaft goes through several
Sanding and polishing steps.
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Then a worker drills
A two-inch-deep hole
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In the top of it.
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He puts some glue in the hole
And screws in the handle.
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If silver-plated cobras
Aren't your style,
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How about a handle
Made of white cow horn?
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First, a worker heats all but
The tip of the horn in a fire.
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This destroy the nerves in the
Bone inside the horn's shell.
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This horn will be shaped
Into a crooked handle
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Using the same bending machine
The workers use
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For wood crook handles.
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The base of the horn is hot,
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So they use a small block
Of wood as a buffer.
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After clamping the machine's
Guide wheel
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Against the middle of the horn,
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They use their body weight
To move the lever forward,
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And wrap the top half of the
Horn against the curved form.
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Before heating the horn,
The worker drilled
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A small hole through its tip.
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Now he inserts a thin steel wire
Through that hole and ties
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The wire tightly around
The opposite side
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To hold the horn
To the round form.
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He sets it aside for a week.
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A horn handle undergoes the same
Multi-step sanding process
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As a wood handle, however,
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A worker drills
A hole into the bottom
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And screws in an aluminum rod.
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This makes the handle easier
To hold while sanding.
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The worker removes the final
Traces of the outer layer
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With a router and finalizes
The crook's shape.
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He removes the handle
From the metal rod
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And finishes it off
With a fine sanding.
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The horn surface is now
As smooth as silk.
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He then polishes the handle
On a cotton buffing wheel
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Using a polishing compound
Specially formulated for horn.
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That brings out
The color and sheen.
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Then the worker screws
And exotic-wood shaft
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Into the same hole
Used for the metal rod.
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This fashionable cane, which has
Taken 4-6 hours to craft,
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Is ready to be modeled
On the walkway.
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