Would you like to inspect the original subtitles? These are the user uploaded subtitles that are being translated:
1
00:00:13,862 --> 00:00:16,862
--captions by vitac--
Www.Vitac.Com
2
00:00:16,862 --> 00:00:19,862
Captions paid for by
Discovery communications
3
00:00:53,379 --> 00:00:55,379
Narrator: in the early days
Of basketball,
4
00:00:55,379 --> 00:00:58,172
Players used a soccer ball
To play the game.
5
00:00:58,172 --> 00:01:02,275
In 1894, a special
Basketball was designed.
6
00:01:02,275 --> 00:01:04,689
It was laced and larger,
With a circumference
7
00:01:04,689 --> 00:01:08,275
That was about 4 inches
Greater than the soccer ball.
8
00:01:08,275 --> 00:01:11,068
For players, the new ball
Was a game changer.
9
00:01:14,724 --> 00:01:16,689
Basketballs have evolved,
10
00:01:16,689 --> 00:01:20,862
But one manufacturer still makes
Them the old-fashioned way.
11
00:01:20,862 --> 00:01:22,758
These laced brown leather balls
12
00:01:22,758 --> 00:01:25,413
Honor the beginnings
Of the game.
13
00:01:25,413 --> 00:01:27,586
To make this traditional
Basketball,
14
00:01:27,586 --> 00:01:32,620
A craftsperson cuts eight panels
Out of tough american cowhide.
15
00:01:32,620 --> 00:01:34,206
These are rough cuts.
16
00:01:34,206 --> 00:01:36,551
The shape will now
Be more precisely defined.
17
00:01:38,379 --> 00:01:41,724
He places a sharp steel die
On one of the panels.
18
00:01:44,689 --> 00:01:47,103
Using a tool known
As a clicker press,
19
00:01:47,103 --> 00:01:50,275
He applies pressure to drive
The die through the leather
20
00:01:50,275 --> 00:01:52,896
And punch out the shape,
Cookie-cutter style.
21
00:01:56,551 --> 00:01:59,620
He now cuts strips of nylon
To a workable size
22
00:01:59,620 --> 00:02:02,827
Using a utility knife.
23
00:02:02,827 --> 00:02:07,689
The craftsperson then stacks up
A dozen of the nylon strips.
24
00:02:07,689 --> 00:02:11,517
Using the clicker press and
Same die, he cuts out patterns.
25
00:02:11,517 --> 00:02:13,758
Because nylon is softer
Than leather,
26
00:02:13,758 --> 00:02:17,551
He can punch out
Many more at once.
27
00:02:17,551 --> 00:02:20,586
He places one of the nylon
Patterns on the underside
28
00:02:20,586 --> 00:02:23,275
Of a leather one
And stitches them together.
29
00:02:26,206 --> 00:02:28,620
The nylon backing
Stabilizes the leather,
30
00:02:28,620 --> 00:02:31,965
Preventing stretching.
31
00:02:31,965 --> 00:02:35,793
He now punches lace holes
And notches in the nylon-padded
32
00:02:35,793 --> 00:02:37,827
Leather panel.
33
00:02:40,206 --> 00:02:43,448
Using a template, the
Craftsperson locates the spot
34
00:02:43,448 --> 00:02:46,724
For an air-valve hole
And nicks it with a sharp tool.
35
00:02:51,172 --> 00:02:55,482
He places a punch on the nick
And strikes it with a hammer
36
00:02:55,482 --> 00:02:57,000
To cut out the air-valve hole.
37
00:02:59,310 --> 00:03:04,034
He clamps a stamp of a company
Logo in a heated press.
38
00:03:04,034 --> 00:03:08,034
As the stamp heats up, he moves
It into a downward position
39
00:03:08,034 --> 00:03:12,379
And then slides the
Leather panel under it.
40
00:03:12,379 --> 00:03:13,931
He lowers the hot stamp,
41
00:03:13,931 --> 00:03:16,862
And it burns the company logo
Into the leather.
42
00:03:20,448 --> 00:03:23,965
Next, with the liner side up,
He sews the basketball panels
43
00:03:23,965 --> 00:03:28,379
Together,
Two at a time at first.
44
00:03:28,379 --> 00:03:31,448
Doing this right takes practice.
45
00:03:31,448 --> 00:03:34,517
The craftsperson then trims
The polyester thread
46
00:03:34,517 --> 00:03:37,482
And then pounds the thick
Seam flat with a hammer.
47
00:03:41,586 --> 00:03:44,310
He sews vinyl reinforcements
To the two panels
48
00:03:44,310 --> 00:03:46,379
That have lace holes.
49
00:03:46,379 --> 00:03:49,931
This will give the laced area of
The basketball more structure.
50
00:03:52,758 --> 00:03:54,965
The stitching will also frame
The lace holes
51
00:03:54,965 --> 00:03:59,758
From the leather side to define
And accentuate the lacing.
52
00:03:59,758 --> 00:04:01,862
He adds another strip of vinyl.
53
00:04:01,862 --> 00:04:04,068
This one will protect
The inflated bladder
54
00:04:04,068 --> 00:04:06,517
Inside the basketball.
55
00:04:06,517 --> 00:04:10,206
He assembles the panels
Four at a time.
56
00:04:10,206 --> 00:04:13,241
He leaves the section around
The lace holes open to provide
57
00:04:13,241 --> 00:04:16,551
An entry point
For the inflatable bladder.
58
00:04:16,551 --> 00:04:18,896
He stitches the two halves
Together,
59
00:04:18,896 --> 00:04:22,000
Again working from
The inside of the ball.
60
00:04:22,000 --> 00:04:27,172
This completes the
Basketball's outer casing.
61
00:04:27,172 --> 00:04:29,896
The next craftsperson places
The basketball casing
62
00:04:29,896 --> 00:04:32,965
On a steel post and pulls
And tugs the casing
63
00:04:32,965 --> 00:04:35,000
To turn it right side out.
64
00:04:37,724 --> 00:04:39,965
He now inserts the synthetic
Rubber bladder
65
00:04:39,965 --> 00:04:43,034
Into the basketball.
66
00:04:43,034 --> 00:04:46,206
He manipulates it so that
The bladder's air valve lines up
67
00:04:46,206 --> 00:04:48,620
With the corresponding
Hole in the leather.
68
00:04:52,724 --> 00:04:55,551
Using needle-nose pliers,
He grabs the air valve
69
00:04:55,551 --> 00:04:57,758
And pulls it through the hole.
70
00:04:57,758 --> 00:05:01,034
The craftsperson then rearranges
The inner flap so that
71
00:05:01,034 --> 00:05:04,482
It's in a position to protect
The bladder from the lacing.
72
00:05:04,482 --> 00:05:06,655
He partially inflates
The bladder.
73
00:05:08,551 --> 00:05:12,655
Using a thick brass needle,
He pulls a rawhide strip
74
00:05:12,655 --> 00:05:15,551
Through the holes
To neatly lace up the opening.
75
00:05:20,689 --> 00:05:23,482
He then fully pressurizes
The basketball,
76
00:05:23,482 --> 00:05:24,724
And the pressure
From the bladder
77
00:05:24,724 --> 00:05:27,241
Holds the laces in place.
78
00:05:30,517 --> 00:05:34,620
He simply clips the end
Of the lace and tucks it in.
79
00:05:34,620 --> 00:05:36,413
A replica of the original,
80
00:05:36,413 --> 00:05:39,620
This leather basketball
Is ready to bounce back.
81
00:05:51,586 --> 00:05:53,482
Narrator: floodgates
Are sliding gates
82
00:05:53,482 --> 00:05:56,862
That are engineered to resist
Rushing floodwaters.
83
00:05:56,862 --> 00:06:00,206
When installed at wastewater
Or water treatment plants
84
00:06:00,206 --> 00:06:03,793
They can be used to control
The outflow and inflow of water
85
00:06:03,793 --> 00:06:06,206
In order to make
Operations more efficient.
86
00:06:06,206 --> 00:06:09,793
That's why floodgates aren't
Just for emergency situations.
87
00:06:13,896 --> 00:06:16,689
Sliding floodgates close
To varying degrees
88
00:06:16,689 --> 00:06:21,655
To reduce the flow of water
Or stop it completely.
89
00:06:21,655 --> 00:06:23,034
Making these sliding gates
90
00:06:23,034 --> 00:06:26,379
Starts with a
Stainless-steel plate.
91
00:06:26,379 --> 00:06:29,827
A crane lifts it over to
A conveyor in front of a chamber
92
00:06:29,827 --> 00:06:33,586
That has a laser cutter inside.
93
00:06:33,586 --> 00:06:36,068
The crane releases its
Suctioning grip,
94
00:06:36,068 --> 00:06:38,965
And the conveyor takes it
Into the chamber.
95
00:06:38,965 --> 00:06:41,517
It's dark inside,
But the laser doesn't need
96
00:06:41,517 --> 00:06:45,620
Overhead lighting
To do its work.
97
00:06:45,620 --> 00:06:47,793
Computer software
Guides the laser
98
00:06:47,793 --> 00:06:50,896
As it cuts out parts
For the floodgate frame.
99
00:06:50,896 --> 00:06:54,655
It also precisely locates holes
For assembly purposes.
100
00:06:56,344 --> 00:06:59,379
Workers stack the laser-cut
Pieces and number them
101
00:06:59,379 --> 00:07:04,793
To categorize them for the next
Operation, called forming.
102
00:07:04,793 --> 00:07:08,206
A worker inserts a part
In a press brake numerous times
103
00:07:08,206 --> 00:07:11,379
To make multiple bends.
104
00:07:11,379 --> 00:07:14,310
He shapes this particular piece
Into the bottom frame
105
00:07:14,310 --> 00:07:15,758
Of the floodgate.
106
00:07:20,586 --> 00:07:23,448
After forming the side
Frames the same way,
107
00:07:23,448 --> 00:07:25,896
A worker evenly
Spaces reinforcements
108
00:07:25,896 --> 00:07:29,517
Along the entire length of them.
109
00:07:29,517 --> 00:07:32,172
He tack-welds the reinforcements
To the frame.
110
00:07:34,586 --> 00:07:36,344
Using a carpenter's square,
111
00:07:36,344 --> 00:07:41,413
He measures the angle of the
Reinforcement to the side frame.
112
00:07:41,413 --> 00:07:43,379
Satisfied that
Each reinforcement
113
00:07:43,379 --> 00:07:45,827
Is perfectly perpendicular
To the frame,
114
00:07:45,827 --> 00:07:48,310
He does the full welds.
115
00:07:48,310 --> 00:07:51,137
Then the worker joins
The two side frames
116
00:07:51,137 --> 00:07:54,172
And the bottom rail and
Welds the structure together.
117
00:07:57,551 --> 00:08:00,103
He positions a stainless-steel
Ceiling frame
118
00:08:00,103 --> 00:08:04,793
At the midpoint of the structure
And welds it in place.
119
00:08:04,793 --> 00:08:07,206
Another worker tucks
A polyethylene strip
120
00:08:07,206 --> 00:08:09,413
Into the frame to seal it.
121
00:08:09,413 --> 00:08:11,206
The strip also has
A groove in it
122
00:08:11,206 --> 00:08:14,310
To accommodate the gate's
Sliding door.
123
00:08:14,310 --> 00:08:17,862
He clamps the strip to the frame
And then taps it with a hammer
124
00:08:17,862 --> 00:08:20,482
To entrench it more firmly
Into the frame.
125
00:08:23,413 --> 00:08:25,655
He drills through holes
In the side frame
126
00:08:25,655 --> 00:08:30,137
To make corresponding holes
In the polyethylene strip
127
00:08:30,137 --> 00:08:32,551
And inserts the bolts
In the holes.
128
00:08:35,241 --> 00:08:37,068
He screws nuts onto the ends
129
00:08:37,068 --> 00:08:39,689
That protrude from the
Outside of the frame.
130
00:08:45,034 --> 00:08:47,344
He now inserts
A polyethylene strip
131
00:08:47,344 --> 00:08:49,586
In the horizontal ceiling frame,
132
00:08:49,586 --> 00:08:51,965
And he marks the strip
To indicate the location
133
00:08:51,965 --> 00:08:54,241
For bolt holes.
134
00:08:54,241 --> 00:08:57,172
He removes the strip
And drills tapered holes
135
00:08:57,172 --> 00:08:58,413
For countersunk bolts
136
00:08:58,413 --> 00:09:02,206
In the locations he's marked.
137
00:09:02,206 --> 00:09:05,689
He inserts a silicone strip
In a recess in the seal,
138
00:09:07,482 --> 00:09:09,482
And he bolts it all together.
139
00:09:12,586 --> 00:09:14,241
Once the frame is complete,
140
00:09:14,241 --> 00:09:17,586
Another worker installs
The floodgate's sliding door.
141
00:09:20,517 --> 00:09:24,379
It will be raised and lowered
Using crank-operated gears.
142
00:09:26,344 --> 00:09:29,620
The next worker closes off
An opening used for an unneeded
143
00:09:29,620 --> 00:09:33,379
Drive gear with silicone glue
And a plastic stopper.
144
00:09:33,379 --> 00:09:38,620
He slides a washer and bearing
On the center shaft opening.
145
00:09:38,620 --> 00:09:40,862
He places the upper housing
On the bottom one
146
00:09:40,862 --> 00:09:44,413
To enclose the gears.
147
00:09:44,413 --> 00:09:48,586
He secures the gearbox housing
With numerous long bolts.
148
00:09:54,206 --> 00:09:57,275
Next, powerful ridged
Rollers press a thread
149
00:09:57,275 --> 00:10:01,034
Into a very long
Stainless steel rod.
150
00:10:01,034 --> 00:10:04,172
This rod will serve as
The floodgate's operating stem.
151
00:10:06,551 --> 00:10:08,758
It's ready for installation.
152
00:10:08,758 --> 00:10:11,965
A worker bolts one end of
The stem to the slide gate
153
00:10:11,965 --> 00:10:15,655
While the other worker threads
The gearbox onto the other end.
154
00:10:22,586 --> 00:10:24,758
With the crank
Not yet installed,
155
00:10:24,758 --> 00:10:27,172
He uses a drill
To spin the gears
156
00:10:27,172 --> 00:10:30,206
And test the operation
Of the sliding floodgate.
157
00:10:33,620 --> 00:10:37,655
He confirms that the floodgate
Meets design specifications.
158
00:10:40,482 --> 00:10:44,068
Then workers flood the surface
Below the floodgate with water
159
00:10:44,068 --> 00:10:47,275
And verify that
Nothing seeps through.
160
00:10:47,275 --> 00:10:50,137
This proves that the floodgate
Is watertight
161
00:10:50,137 --> 00:10:54,137
And ready to hold strong
In the event of an emergency.
162
00:11:06,344 --> 00:11:09,517
Narrator:
Before artists put their brush
To their blank canvas,
163
00:11:09,517 --> 00:11:12,689
They have to choose
What type of canvas to use --
164
00:11:12,689 --> 00:11:15,517
Rudimentary, economical
Cotton or finer,
165
00:11:15,517 --> 00:11:19,310
More expensive linen,
Unstretched, or pre-stretched?
166
00:11:19,310 --> 00:11:22,310
If pre-stretched,
Affixed to a wooden frame
167
00:11:22,310 --> 00:11:24,172
Or glued to a wooden panel?
168
00:11:26,517 --> 00:11:30,724
This type of artist canvas
Is made of fine-weave linen.
169
00:11:30,724 --> 00:11:34,034
It's stretched over
And affixed to a wood panel.
170
00:11:34,034 --> 00:11:36,586
The hard backing prevents
The linen from flexing
171
00:11:36,586 --> 00:11:38,896
Under the paintbrush.
172
00:11:38,896 --> 00:11:41,517
The face of the panel is made
Of a quarter-inch-thick
173
00:11:41,517 --> 00:11:43,310
Baltic birch.
174
00:11:43,310 --> 00:11:45,275
After cutting a piece
With the dimensions of
175
00:11:45,275 --> 00:11:46,862
The finished canvas,
176
00:11:46,862 --> 00:11:52,137
A worker cuts pieces of sturdier
Basswood for the cradle.
177
00:11:52,137 --> 00:11:55,172
After cutting a long strip
In the required width,
178
00:11:55,172 --> 00:11:56,862
He measures and marks
The lengths
179
00:11:56,862 --> 00:11:58,931
Of the cradle's five parts,
180
00:11:58,931 --> 00:12:04,724
Which include four perimeter
Pieces and a cross brace.
181
00:12:04,724 --> 00:12:06,827
Then he cuts the parts.
182
00:12:14,413 --> 00:12:17,482
He miters the edges
Of the perimeter pieces.
183
00:12:17,482 --> 00:12:21,000
That means cutting the ends
At a 45-degree angle,
184
00:12:21,000 --> 00:12:24,344
So the pieces mate
When assembled into a rectangle.
185
00:12:29,482 --> 00:12:32,413
To assemble the cradle,
A worker spreads wood glue
186
00:12:32,413 --> 00:12:35,310
On the mitered edges
Of the perimeter pieces,
187
00:12:35,310 --> 00:12:37,896
Then joins them
To form a rectangle,
188
00:12:37,896 --> 00:12:40,793
Clamping two of the corners
To a 90-degree block
189
00:12:40,793 --> 00:12:44,206
To ensure the angles
Are perfectly square.
190
00:12:44,206 --> 00:12:48,275
He reinforces the corner
Joints with v-shaped nails.
191
00:12:52,344 --> 00:12:54,655
He removes the clamps
And squares
192
00:12:54,655 --> 00:12:57,517
And glues the cross brace
Across the middle.
193
00:13:01,068 --> 00:13:03,379
Once the worker checks
That the cross brace
194
00:13:03,379 --> 00:13:05,000
Is installed squarely,
195
00:13:05,000 --> 00:13:06,827
He nails it to the perimeter.
196
00:13:09,517 --> 00:13:13,000
He applies a line of wood glue
On top of the cradle perimeter
197
00:13:13,000 --> 00:13:16,379
And cross brace.
198
00:13:16,379 --> 00:13:19,379
Then he places the panel
Onto the cradle.
199
00:13:22,172 --> 00:13:25,137
The worker sets clamps
All around the perimeter,
200
00:13:25,137 --> 00:13:29,206
Then puts the cradle aside
Overnight to let the glue dry.
201
00:13:35,344 --> 00:13:39,655
The next day, the worker sands
Any panel overhang flat,
202
00:13:39,655 --> 00:13:42,689
Rendering the edge of the panel
Flush with the cradle.
203
00:13:47,758 --> 00:13:49,758
They burn the manufacturing
Information
204
00:13:49,758 --> 00:13:51,724
Into the back
Of the finished panel.
205
00:13:54,793 --> 00:13:58,103
The linen they're using for this
Canvas is portrait grade,
206
00:13:58,103 --> 00:14:00,827
The finest and smoothest weave.
207
00:14:00,827 --> 00:14:04,275
It's been primed with
Linseed oil to allow oil paint
208
00:14:04,275 --> 00:14:10,517
To penetrate enough to adhere
But not absorb into the fabric.
209
00:14:10,517 --> 00:14:13,275
He measures and marks the wood
Panel's dimensions,
210
00:14:13,275 --> 00:14:15,206
Adding about 4 inches all around
211
00:14:15,206 --> 00:14:19,275
To have extra linen
To wrap around the cradle.
212
00:14:19,275 --> 00:14:22,448
Then he cuts along the lines.
213
00:14:22,448 --> 00:14:26,275
The worker centers the cradled
Panel upside down on the linen
214
00:14:26,275 --> 00:14:28,482
And traces a line around it.
215
00:14:32,689 --> 00:14:36,034
He flips the panel right-side up
And coats the surface
216
00:14:36,034 --> 00:14:39,379
With special
Ph-neutral archival glue
217
00:14:39,379 --> 00:14:42,068
Because ordinary
Adhesives contain acid
218
00:14:42,068 --> 00:14:44,517
Which degrades
The linen over time.
219
00:14:47,758 --> 00:14:50,310
He flips the panel
Upside down again,
220
00:14:50,310 --> 00:14:53,172
Carefully positions
It within the trace lines
221
00:14:53,172 --> 00:14:55,965
And presses the panel
Firmly against the linen.
222
00:14:59,068 --> 00:15:02,379
He mounts the assembly
On a stretching machine.
223
00:15:02,379 --> 00:15:04,965
Canvases must always
Be stretched
224
00:15:04,965 --> 00:15:07,103
To prevent contraction
And expansion
225
00:15:07,103 --> 00:15:10,827
Due to changes in humidity.
226
00:15:10,827 --> 00:15:13,379
Starting with the
Longest sides first,
227
00:15:13,379 --> 00:15:15,551
The machine yanks
The linen tight
228
00:15:15,551 --> 00:15:18,862
And folds it over
The edge of the cradle.
229
00:15:18,862 --> 00:15:22,241
A line of staples secure
The stretched linen to the wood.
230
00:15:25,103 --> 00:15:28,206
After stretching and stapling
Both long sides,
231
00:15:28,206 --> 00:15:32,172
The worker folds the corners
Neatly and staples them as well.
232
00:15:35,551 --> 00:15:39,275
Then he rotates the canvas
To stretch the short sides.
233
00:15:44,965 --> 00:15:47,275
Once those are stretched
And stapled,
234
00:15:47,275 --> 00:15:51,862
The wood-panel canvas
Is finished,
235
00:15:51,862 --> 00:15:56,241
And now it's the ready recipient
Of artistic inspiration.
236
00:16:08,448 --> 00:16:11,206
Narrator: the oldest shoe
Archaeologists have ever found
237
00:16:11,206 --> 00:16:14,620
Is a 5,500-year-old
Leather hide moccasin
238
00:16:14,620 --> 00:16:17,068
With leather-cord laces.
239
00:16:17,068 --> 00:16:20,482
Today we don't have to go hunt
An animal to lace our shoes.
240
00:16:20,482 --> 00:16:22,793
We can buy our shoelaces
Ready-made
241
00:16:22,793 --> 00:16:24,620
In a variety of materials,
242
00:16:24,620 --> 00:16:27,344
Styles, lengths and colors.
243
00:16:30,655 --> 00:16:34,275
This company produces shoelaces
And shoelace-type drawstrings
244
00:16:34,275 --> 00:16:36,310
In a wide range of materials,
245
00:16:36,310 --> 00:16:40,413
Including cotton,
Rayon and acrylic.
246
00:16:40,413 --> 00:16:43,758
This run is producing
Polyester shoelaces.
247
00:16:43,758 --> 00:16:47,000
A worker installs cones
Of fine polyester thread
248
00:16:47,000 --> 00:16:48,724
On what's called a creel,
249
00:16:48,724 --> 00:16:51,448
Which feeds
The bobbin-winding machines.
250
00:16:51,448 --> 00:16:54,137
She groups the strands
From eight cones
251
00:16:54,137 --> 00:16:56,689
And feeds them through
One side of one machine
252
00:16:56,689 --> 00:16:58,724
And onto a bobbin.
253
00:16:58,724 --> 00:17:01,827
Then she groups the strands
From another eight cones
254
00:17:01,827 --> 00:17:04,344
And feeds them through
The other side of the machine
255
00:17:04,344 --> 00:17:06,586
Onto a second bobbin.
256
00:17:06,586 --> 00:17:08,137
Each group of eight strands
257
00:17:08,137 --> 00:17:11,620
Will produce one
Thicker polyester thread.
258
00:17:11,620 --> 00:17:14,862
She programs the machine
To wind a specific length of it.
259
00:17:16,689 --> 00:17:19,620
Each cone holds enough fine
Thread to wind
260
00:17:19,620 --> 00:17:23,620
A 71-mile-long
Thick thread.
261
00:17:23,620 --> 00:17:26,862
For this particular shoelace,
The machine is programmed
262
00:17:26,862 --> 00:17:30,034
To wind 8,200 feet
Of thick thread per bobbin.
263
00:17:33,379 --> 00:17:35,931
Another worker installs
20 of those bobbins
264
00:17:35,931 --> 00:17:38,827
On a braiding machine.
265
00:17:38,827 --> 00:17:41,517
For each one, she passes
The end of the thread
266
00:17:41,517 --> 00:17:44,068
Through three eyelets,
267
00:17:44,068 --> 00:17:47,448
The second of which regulates
The tension of the thread.
268
00:17:54,034 --> 00:17:57,241
She gathers half the threads
And ties knots in them
269
00:17:57,241 --> 00:18:02,206
So that they'll catch when
She feeds them into the machine.
270
00:18:02,206 --> 00:18:04,586
She starts up
The braiding machine.
271
00:18:04,586 --> 00:18:06,689
It draws in the knotted threads,
272
00:18:06,689 --> 00:18:09,310
Which pull in
The unknotted ones.
273
00:18:09,310 --> 00:18:11,896
Then the machine begins
Braiding a continuous
274
00:18:11,896 --> 00:18:14,241
Round shoelace cord.
275
00:18:14,241 --> 00:18:18,241
These wheels apply tension
To pull any loose braids tighter
276
00:18:18,241 --> 00:18:20,724
So that the corrected
Diameter is uniform.
277
00:18:22,724 --> 00:18:25,448
The finished cord,
Which is about a mile long,
278
00:18:25,448 --> 00:18:28,689
Collects in a barrel.
279
00:18:28,689 --> 00:18:30,620
Some shoelaces are made
Of knitted,
280
00:18:30,620 --> 00:18:32,862
Rather than braided, cord.
281
00:18:32,862 --> 00:18:36,379
The cones of thread feed
The knitting machine directly.
282
00:18:36,379 --> 00:18:39,241
The machine's four latch
Needles can perform two types
283
00:18:39,241 --> 00:18:41,758
Of knitting stitches
To produce round cord.
284
00:18:44,551 --> 00:18:47,379
Once the knitted, or braided,
Cord is ready,
285
00:18:47,379 --> 00:18:50,827
A worker adjusts four metal pegs
Of a winding device
286
00:18:50,827 --> 00:18:54,068
To the shoelace length
They're making.
287
00:18:54,068 --> 00:18:58,827
Then she winds the cord
Around the pegs up to 250 times,
288
00:18:58,827 --> 00:19:00,758
Depending on the cord diameter.
289
00:19:03,344 --> 00:19:07,896
She cuts the end and ties
The cords together
290
00:19:07,896 --> 00:19:09,931
So that she can easily
Transfer them
291
00:19:09,931 --> 00:19:12,137
To what's called
A tipping machine.
292
00:19:22,482 --> 00:19:24,413
She runs the center of each cord
293
00:19:24,413 --> 00:19:27,517
Over an acetone-saturated
Felt pad,
294
00:19:27,517 --> 00:19:30,000
Then inserts it
In the machine's die.
295
00:19:30,000 --> 00:19:34,275
The die wraps a piece of acetate
Film tightly around the cord,
296
00:19:34,275 --> 00:19:36,000
Then cuts it in the middle,
297
00:19:36,000 --> 00:19:38,206
Producing a shoelace
With a stiff tip,
298
00:19:38,206 --> 00:19:40,758
Called an aglet, on each end.
299
00:19:42,758 --> 00:19:46,103
This press applies
A nickel-plated steel tip,
300
00:19:46,103 --> 00:19:49,862
A kind used on bag drawstrings.
301
00:19:49,862 --> 00:19:53,931
The worker manually positions
Two tips directly on the cord
302
00:19:53,931 --> 00:19:55,896
With a slight gap
In between them.
303
00:19:58,724 --> 00:20:01,551
She activates the press
To force them on,
304
00:20:01,551 --> 00:20:03,448
Then cuts the cord in the gap.
305
00:20:05,724 --> 00:20:08,413
This factory also makes
Rickrack,
306
00:20:08,413 --> 00:20:12,310
A flat zigzag trim
That's sewn onto clothing.
307
00:20:12,310 --> 00:20:16,413
These rickrack-braiding
Machines are 120 years old.
308
00:20:16,413 --> 00:20:21,172
Each one holds from 13
To 73 bobbins of thread.
309
00:20:21,172 --> 00:20:25,241
The more bobbins used,
The wider the rickrack.
310
00:20:25,241 --> 00:20:28,034
There are two ways to make
Multicolored rickrack
311
00:20:28,034 --> 00:20:30,241
Or braided shoelace cord.
312
00:20:30,241 --> 00:20:32,655
Mount different shades
Of solid color bobbins
313
00:20:32,655 --> 00:20:34,206
On the braiding machine
314
00:20:34,206 --> 00:20:37,655
Or wind multicolored
Thread on each bobbin.
315
00:20:37,655 --> 00:20:40,344
And for multicolored
Knitted shoelace cord,
316
00:20:40,344 --> 00:20:43,689
Mount different shades
Of solid-color thread cones
317
00:20:43,689 --> 00:20:46,413
Or multicolored
Thread on each cone.
318
00:20:46,413 --> 00:20:48,758
To produce different
Shapes and sizes,
319
00:20:48,758 --> 00:20:51,517
This manufacturer uses
Different types of braiding
320
00:20:51,517 --> 00:20:52,862
And knitting machines,
321
00:20:52,862 --> 00:20:55,068
Varying the number
Of bobbins or cones
322
00:20:55,068 --> 00:20:57,931
From eight to as many as 73.
323
00:20:57,931 --> 00:21:00,482
An even number produces
A round shoelace.
324
00:21:00,482 --> 00:21:02,896
An odd number produces
A flat one.
325
00:21:02,896 --> 00:21:04,827
With so many possibilities,
326
00:21:04,827 --> 00:21:08,103
Shoelaces can be fashionable
As well as functional.
26825
Can't find what you're looking for?
Get subtitles in any language from opensubtitles.com, and translate them here.