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--captions by vitac--
Www.Vitac.Com
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Captions paid for by
Discovery communications
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A combination square is
A measuring tool you use
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00:00:56,241 --> 00:00:57,482
When building with wood,
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00:00:57,482 --> 00:00:59,000
Masonry or metal
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00:00:59,000 --> 00:01:00,689
To make sure
Something's straight,
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00:01:00,689 --> 00:01:02,551
Even and level.
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00:01:02,551 --> 00:01:03,896
It's essentially a ruler
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00:01:03,896 --> 00:01:06,724
With interchangeable
Sliding heads.
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00:01:06,724 --> 00:01:08,793
The most basic head,
Called a square,
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00:01:08,793 --> 00:01:13,310
Measures 90
And 45 degree angles.
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00:01:13,310 --> 00:01:16,827
This combination square
Comes with three heads.
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00:01:16,827 --> 00:01:19,793
They lock into a groove
On one side of the blade.
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00:01:19,793 --> 00:01:22,344
The blade starts
Out grooved but blank.
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00:01:22,344 --> 00:01:24,827
So to etch
The graduations into it,
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00:01:24,827 --> 00:01:27,827
They first coat the surfaces
With photoresist,
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00:01:27,827 --> 00:01:29,103
A chemical that hardens
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00:01:29,103 --> 00:01:32,689
When exposed
To ultraviolet light.
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00:01:32,689 --> 00:01:34,172
Then they flash uv
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00:01:34,172 --> 00:01:35,965
Light on both sides
Of the blade
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00:01:35,965 --> 00:01:39,241
Through polyester film negatives
Of the graduations.
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00:01:39,241 --> 00:01:41,413
The light hardens
Only the photo
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00:01:41,413 --> 00:01:43,827
Resistant hits through
The clear parts.
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00:01:43,827 --> 00:01:47,103
The rest remain soft.
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00:01:47,103 --> 00:01:49,275
After manually
Masking the groove,
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00:01:49,275 --> 00:01:53,551
Workers put the blade through
A photochemical etching machine.
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00:01:53,551 --> 00:01:56,103
It washes off
The soft photoresist
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00:01:56,103 --> 00:01:58,586
That's in the pattern
Of the graduations,
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00:01:58,586 --> 00:02:00,344
Then hits that bared steel
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00:02:00,344 --> 00:02:02,413
With a metal-eating
Salt solution,
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00:02:02,413 --> 00:02:05,724
Etching the graduations
Into the blade.
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00:02:05,724 --> 00:02:08,862
Everything else is masked
By hardened photo resist,
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00:02:08,862 --> 00:02:12,758
Which they wash off afterward.
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00:02:12,758 --> 00:02:15,103
The blade measures
In imperial units.
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00:02:15,103 --> 00:02:16,793
They set it in this machine,
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00:02:16,793 --> 00:02:20,620
Which registers the location
Of the 1-inch mark,
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00:02:20,620 --> 00:02:22,827
Then grinds down
The end of the blade
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00:02:22,827 --> 00:02:26,862
Until it's precisely
1 inch from that line.
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00:02:26,862 --> 00:02:29,482
They run the blade
Through a sandblaster.
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00:02:29,482 --> 00:02:32,379
It shoots glass beads
Onto the steel surface
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00:02:32,379 --> 00:02:34,586
To make it
Microscopically rough.
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00:02:34,586 --> 00:02:36,931
This will give the chrome
Plating a matte,
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00:02:36,931 --> 00:02:39,137
Rather than glossy finish,
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00:02:39,137 --> 00:02:43,310
Making the graduations
Easier to read.
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00:02:43,310 --> 00:02:44,517
Before plating,
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00:02:44,517 --> 00:02:47,551
They clean the blade
By dipping it in acid.
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00:02:49,793 --> 00:02:51,965
Then they submerge it
In the electroplating tank
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00:02:51,965 --> 00:02:54,310
For about 15 seconds.
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00:02:54,310 --> 00:02:55,793
Now, the steel blade,
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00:02:55,793 --> 00:02:58,103
With its graduations
On both sides,
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00:02:58,103 --> 00:02:59,931
Is plated in chrome.
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00:03:02,103 --> 00:03:06,931
The next step
Is called black filling.
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00:03:06,931 --> 00:03:08,724
They apply black enamel paint
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00:03:08,724 --> 00:03:10,344
To both sides of the blade,
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00:03:10,344 --> 00:03:12,689
Then wipe the surface clean.
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00:03:12,689 --> 00:03:16,379
The black remains
In the recessed graduations,
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00:03:16,379 --> 00:03:19,586
Making the numbers
And lines easier to read.
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00:03:19,586 --> 00:03:22,758
Fifteen minutes in an oven
To bake on the blackfill,
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00:03:22,758 --> 00:03:25,034
Then a quality
Control inspection
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00:03:25,034 --> 00:03:28,517
And the blade is finished.
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00:03:28,517 --> 00:03:30,724
Meanwhile, in another part
Of the factory,
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00:03:30,724 --> 00:03:33,448
This computer guided
Machine uses both milling
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00:03:33,448 --> 00:03:35,172
And drilling tools to machine
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00:03:35,172 --> 00:03:38,413
Forged pieces
Of steel into heads.
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00:03:38,413 --> 00:03:40,517
This is the forged square head,
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00:03:40,517 --> 00:03:43,517
Before and after machining
To its finished shape.
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00:03:43,517 --> 00:03:48,034
The next step
Is to harden the steel.
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00:03:48,034 --> 00:03:51,000
They place the head
Into the furnace for 3 minutes
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00:03:51,000 --> 00:03:54,379
At more than
1,472 degrees fahrenheit.
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00:03:54,379 --> 00:03:57,068
The head comes out
Covered in black soot.
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00:03:57,068 --> 00:03:59,000
So they sandblast it clean.
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00:03:59,000 --> 00:04:02,172
The surface is now
Prepped for painting.
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00:04:02,172 --> 00:04:05,068
The apply powdered paint
Electrostatically,
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00:04:05,068 --> 00:04:08,103
Running a positive
Electrical charge to the head
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00:04:08,103 --> 00:04:10,172
And a negative
One to the paint.
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00:04:10,172 --> 00:04:13,275
This draws the paint
To the part like a magnet,
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00:04:13,275 --> 00:04:17,586
Coating the entire service
In an even layer.
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00:04:17,586 --> 00:04:22,620
A 45 minute trip through
An oven bakes on the paint.
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00:04:22,620 --> 00:04:25,689
Then, they mount the head
On a computer-guided machine
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00:04:25,689 --> 00:04:27,034
That grinds that paint off
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00:04:27,034 --> 00:04:29,758
The head's
Angle-measuring surfaces.
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00:04:29,758 --> 00:04:33,344
They install
The head's bubble level.
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00:04:33,344 --> 00:04:35,758
First, they insert
A white paper background,
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00:04:35,758 --> 00:04:38,758
Which makes it easier
To see the air bubble.
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00:04:41,517 --> 00:04:44,275
Then they insert the glass
Vial containing the bubble
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00:04:44,275 --> 00:04:46,896
Floating in a glucose solution.
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00:04:46,896 --> 00:04:49,379
A dab of plaster at both
Ends holds the vial
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00:04:49,379 --> 00:04:52,620
In its designated slot.
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00:04:52,620 --> 00:04:54,068
They assemble the lock bolt
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00:04:54,068 --> 00:04:57,482
That holds the head
In the blade's groove.
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00:04:57,482 --> 00:04:58,724
They mount it with a spring
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00:04:58,724 --> 00:05:00,620
And a washer to prevent the lock
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00:05:00,620 --> 00:05:03,517
From rotating
And secure it with a nut.
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00:05:06,413 --> 00:05:09,931
Then they close up the bubble
Level slot with an endcap.
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00:05:14,413 --> 00:05:16,965
They run the unpainted
Angle measuring surfaces
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00:05:16,965 --> 00:05:22,241
Against the buffing wheel
To polish the steel to a shine.
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00:05:22,241 --> 00:05:23,689
The last step,
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00:05:23,689 --> 00:05:27,724
Inserting a scribing
Awl into its slot.
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00:05:27,724 --> 00:05:29,862
You use the awl
To make a scratch mark
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00:05:29,862 --> 00:05:32,517
When you take a measurement.
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00:05:32,517 --> 00:05:37,965
Now, the final assembly,
The square head,
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00:05:37,965 --> 00:05:40,068
The protractor head
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00:05:43,206 --> 00:05:46,103
And the center head.
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All three come on
The combination square.
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But when using the tool,
You install only one at a time.
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Narrator: by the late 1960s,
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00:06:04,275 --> 00:06:05,862
Fishermen just couldn't keep up
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00:06:05,862 --> 00:06:08,413
With a growing global
Demand for shrimp.
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This gave birth to
Commercial shrimp farming.
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00:06:11,310 --> 00:06:12,862
Most shrimp farms are located
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00:06:12,862 --> 00:06:15,758
Near the sea for access
To salt water.
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00:06:15,758 --> 00:06:18,620
The greatest producer
Of farmed shrimp is asia,
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00:06:18,620 --> 00:06:22,344
With thailand being
The largest exporter.
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Shrimp hatcheries raise
The offspring
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00:06:25,068 --> 00:06:28,241
Of their breeding stock
Through three larval stages,
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Then sell them to shrimp farms,
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Which grow them
To market size.
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As this model demonstrates,
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00:06:35,931 --> 00:06:39,517
The shrimp farm first purifies
The seawater it uses,
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00:06:39,517 --> 00:06:41,517
Through a system
Of treatment ponds
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00:06:41,517 --> 00:06:45,931
Containing fish
That feed on microorganisms.
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00:06:45,931 --> 00:06:47,931
Then the farm pumps
The treated water
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00:06:47,931 --> 00:06:49,413
To a culture pond,
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00:06:49,413 --> 00:06:52,896
In which the juvenile
Shrimp grow to maturity.
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00:06:52,896 --> 00:06:57,482
This is what the shrimp look
Like at about 2 months old.
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00:06:57,482 --> 00:06:59,310
Shrimp farms are
Typically located
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00:06:59,310 --> 00:07:02,482
On a coast for seawater access.
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00:07:02,482 --> 00:07:04,275
Workers spread
Organic fertilizer
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00:07:04,275 --> 00:07:06,310
Before filling the culture pond
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00:07:06,310 --> 00:07:08,034
To restore the soil bottom
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00:07:08,034 --> 00:07:12,034
To optimum conditions
Between harvests.
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00:07:12,034 --> 00:07:14,896
They pump seawater into
The first treatment pond,
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00:07:14,896 --> 00:07:19,000
Where tilapia fish naturally
Purify the water by consuming
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00:07:19,000 --> 00:07:22,344
Floating microscopic organisms
Called plankton.
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00:07:22,344 --> 00:07:24,551
Plant matter
In fish feces settle
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00:07:24,551 --> 00:07:26,448
At the bottom of the pond.
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00:07:26,448 --> 00:07:27,965
A pump moves water from this
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00:07:27,965 --> 00:07:30,068
First treatment pond
To a second one.
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00:07:30,068 --> 00:07:35,758
For another round of this
Natural cleaning process.
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00:07:35,758 --> 00:07:37,620
Then a pump transfers the water
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00:07:37,620 --> 00:07:40,586
From the second treatment pond
To the cultural pond.
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00:07:43,827 --> 00:07:45,551
Once the pond is full,
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00:07:45,551 --> 00:07:49,137
They release the juvenile shrimp
Purchased from the hatchery.
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00:07:49,137 --> 00:07:52,448
Workers regularly monitor
The water's oxygen level
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00:07:52,448 --> 00:07:54,068
And run aeration propellers
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00:07:54,068 --> 00:07:56,620
When it drops too low.
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00:07:56,620 --> 00:07:58,379
The agitation also helps
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00:07:58,379 --> 00:08:01,931
Debris settle at
The bottom of the pond.
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00:08:01,931 --> 00:08:05,379
Workers run a weekly water
Quality test on samples
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00:08:05,379 --> 00:08:08,379
Drawn from the treatment
And culture ponds.
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00:08:08,379 --> 00:08:10,379
Regularly monitoring
The cultural pond
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00:08:10,379 --> 00:08:12,034
Is particularly critical
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00:08:12,034 --> 00:08:15,862
Because shrimp feces and urine
Break down into ammonia,
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00:08:15,862 --> 00:08:18,310
Which is toxic at high level.
155
00:08:18,310 --> 00:08:21,620
The test solution reacts
To the concentration of ammonia
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00:08:21,620 --> 00:08:22,931
In the water sample,
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00:08:22,931 --> 00:08:25,793
Turning a shade
Of yellow or green.
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00:08:25,793 --> 00:08:28,172
They consult a color chart
To translate this
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00:08:28,172 --> 00:08:31,655
Into a milligrams
Of ammonia per meter reading.
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00:08:31,655 --> 00:08:34,310
Then they consult
A table showing safe,
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00:08:34,310 --> 00:08:37,482
Dangerous and toxic levels.
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00:08:37,482 --> 00:08:39,827
If the reading is
Above the safe range,
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00:08:39,827 --> 00:08:41,103
They dilute the ammonia
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00:08:41,103 --> 00:08:42,758
By pumping more treated water
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00:08:42,758 --> 00:08:45,724
Into the culture pond.
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00:08:45,724 --> 00:08:48,310
Once a week, they also
Pull a few shrimp
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00:08:48,310 --> 00:08:52,000
From the culture pond
To extract their livers.
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00:08:52,000 --> 00:08:55,758
First, they examine
The shape of the organ.
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00:08:55,758 --> 00:08:57,758
They examine it under
A microscope
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00:08:57,758 --> 00:09:01,275
To see how fatty it is.
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00:09:01,275 --> 00:09:04,206
A well-shaped liver
With sufficient fat indicates
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00:09:04,206 --> 00:09:05,896
The shrimp was
In good health,
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00:09:05,896 --> 00:09:08,896
And, therefore, the others back
In the pond are too.
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00:09:13,275 --> 00:09:16,034
The growing shrimp are fed
An all-natural diet,
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00:09:16,034 --> 00:09:18,586
Which includes probiotics,
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00:09:18,586 --> 00:09:20,620
Tamarind,
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00:09:20,620 --> 00:09:23,103
Which is soaked in water...
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00:09:25,689 --> 00:09:29,206
And garlic.
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00:09:29,206 --> 00:09:32,034
Workers add these three
Ingredients to the shrimp feed,
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00:09:32,034 --> 00:09:35,241
Which is a mixture
Of fish meal, fish oil,
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00:09:35,241 --> 00:09:37,862
Soy bean pulp and rice flour.
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00:09:39,896 --> 00:09:42,413
Tamarind maintains
The right level of acidity
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00:09:42,413 --> 00:09:45,758
In the shrimp's gut.
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00:09:45,758 --> 00:09:48,862
Garlic prevents bacteria
Buildup in the colon.
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00:09:52,068 --> 00:09:55,517
And the probiotic solution
Provides beneficial bacteria,
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00:09:55,517 --> 00:09:57,655
Which prevents infections
And improves
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00:09:57,655 --> 00:10:00,620
How the shrimp
Digests nutrients.
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00:10:03,068 --> 00:10:05,896
After blending and liquefying
The three ingredients,
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00:10:05,896 --> 00:10:08,137
They mix in 6
Fluid ounces per
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00:10:08,137 --> 00:10:10,137
2 pounds of shrimp feed.
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00:10:15,758 --> 00:10:19,068
Four times a day,
At 8 am, noon,
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00:10:19,068 --> 00:10:22,137
4 pm and 8 pm,
Workers pour food
193
00:10:22,137 --> 00:10:24,206
Onto an automatic
Feeding machine,
194
00:10:24,206 --> 00:10:27,793
Which distributes it evenly
Throughout the culture pond.
195
00:10:32,827 --> 00:10:36,344
The shrimp feed over
The entire 12 hour period,
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00:10:36,344 --> 00:10:37,931
Eating the equivalent
Of about 4%
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00:10:37,931 --> 00:10:40,000
To 5% of their body weight.
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00:10:47,793 --> 00:10:50,068
After 4 to 5 months
In the cultural pond,
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00:10:50,068 --> 00:10:52,793
The shrimp mature
To market size,
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00:10:52,793 --> 00:10:57,275
Which is 20 to 30 grams.
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00:10:57,275 --> 00:10:58,551
Once they're harvested,
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00:10:58,551 --> 00:11:00,655
The farm drains
The culture pond
203
00:11:00,655 --> 00:11:03,724
And starts the process
All over again.
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00:11:17,620 --> 00:11:20,620
The ball valve came into
Large scale industrial use
205
00:11:20,620 --> 00:11:22,965
During the 20th century.
206
00:11:22,965 --> 00:11:24,586
With a hollow and pivoting ball
207
00:11:24,586 --> 00:11:26,620
To control the flow of fluids,
208
00:11:26,620 --> 00:11:30,379
This valve is durable
And resistant to contamination.
209
00:11:30,379 --> 00:11:33,034
It's why many industries
Rely on ball valves
210
00:11:33,034 --> 00:11:35,034
To keep production flowing.
211
00:11:38,413 --> 00:11:41,068
Ball valves control
The flow of gases.
212
00:11:41,068 --> 00:11:43,586
In machinery used to produce
High-tech products
213
00:11:43,586 --> 00:11:45,620
Like led lights.
214
00:11:45,620 --> 00:11:47,379
It's just one way
They contribute
215
00:11:47,379 --> 00:11:49,931
To the modern world.
216
00:11:49,931 --> 00:11:51,655
Making ball valves for led
217
00:11:51,655 --> 00:11:53,034
Manufacturing starts
218
00:11:53,034 --> 00:11:56,931
With an 11-foot
Long steel bar stock.
219
00:11:56,931 --> 00:12:01,206
As coolant, a saw carves
It up like salami,
220
00:12:01,206 --> 00:12:05,551
Producing 50 or 60 steel pucks.
221
00:12:05,551 --> 00:12:08,689
Computerized tooling
Then drills holes in the pucks,
222
00:12:08,689 --> 00:12:12,103
As it begins to transform them
Into the valve center parts.
223
00:12:12,103 --> 00:12:17,586
The system changes
Tool bits automatically.
224
00:12:17,586 --> 00:12:19,379
Cutters square up the pucks,
225
00:12:19,379 --> 00:12:22,586
So that they'll fit in the led
Chip making machinery.
226
00:12:25,206 --> 00:12:27,896
A grinding tool mills
The tops of the parts
227
00:12:27,896 --> 00:12:30,000
To a precise tolerance.
228
00:12:32,448 --> 00:12:35,000
Once the final shape
Has been achieved,
229
00:12:35,000 --> 00:12:37,896
A worker gives
The part a sanding.
230
00:12:37,896 --> 00:12:40,655
He removes rough bits,
Known as burrs,
231
00:12:40,655 --> 00:12:44,448
And smoothes the entire surface.
232
00:12:44,448 --> 00:12:46,000
With a narrow blade,
233
00:12:46,000 --> 00:12:48,586
He then scrapes off
Any burrs in the holes
234
00:12:48,586 --> 00:12:51,448
That could impede
The valve's function.
235
00:12:51,448 --> 00:12:53,172
With the deburring complete,
236
00:12:53,172 --> 00:12:56,034
He measures each valve body.
237
00:12:56,034 --> 00:12:59,241
Ceramic bits that look
Like aquarium gravel
238
00:12:59,241 --> 00:13:03,517
Will now be used to polish
The steel valve parts.
239
00:13:03,517 --> 00:13:05,689
The operator places
The valve bodies
240
00:13:05,689 --> 00:13:08,586
In the cells of a drum tumbler.
241
00:13:08,586 --> 00:13:11,620
He puts the lid on the tumbler
And sets it in motion.
242
00:13:11,620 --> 00:13:14,862
The friction polishes the steel,
243
00:13:14,862 --> 00:13:16,379
Creating a smooth surface
244
00:13:16,379 --> 00:13:19,482
That won't block the movement
Of gas molecules.
245
00:13:22,724 --> 00:13:26,379
Next, they assemble flanges
To the endcaps.
246
00:13:26,379 --> 00:13:29,000
After tack welding
The two parts together,
247
00:13:29,000 --> 00:13:32,586
An operator places them
In a revolving fixture.
248
00:13:32,586 --> 00:13:34,241
He welds them together,
249
00:13:34,241 --> 00:13:36,517
Creating a substantial
Inside seam
250
00:13:36,517 --> 00:13:40,586
That will hold up
To vacuum conditions.
251
00:13:40,586 --> 00:13:42,965
He scrubs off the heat stain
Inside the part,
252
00:13:42,965 --> 00:13:45,000
Using a wire brush.
253
00:13:45,000 --> 00:13:47,586
The stain has also spread
Around the seams
254
00:13:47,586 --> 00:13:49,206
On the outside of the parts.
255
00:13:49,206 --> 00:13:54,413
So a worker rinses the outside
Of the seam with water.
256
00:13:54,413 --> 00:13:56,310
He washes off the stain
257
00:13:56,310 --> 00:13:58,793
Using an electrified
Carbon brush
258
00:13:58,793 --> 00:14:01,206
And an acid cleaning solution.
259
00:14:04,517 --> 00:14:07,206
Then it's in to
An ultrasonic cleaner,
260
00:14:07,206 --> 00:14:09,310
Where soundwaves
Ripple through water
261
00:14:09,310 --> 00:14:13,655
To remove dust
And cleaning solution residue.
262
00:14:13,655 --> 00:14:15,000
To assemble the ball valve,
263
00:14:15,000 --> 00:14:16,310
The technician places
264
00:14:16,310 --> 00:14:19,172
Two rubber o-rings
On top of an endcap.
265
00:14:22,620 --> 00:14:24,758
Next is a thick synthetic ring,
266
00:14:24,758 --> 00:14:27,758
Which will secure
The ball in the valve.
267
00:14:27,758 --> 00:14:30,344
He seats the valve body over it.
268
00:14:34,448 --> 00:14:36,862
He cleanses
The hollow steel ball
269
00:14:36,862 --> 00:14:39,068
And inserts it
In the valve body.
270
00:14:42,655 --> 00:14:44,827
He stacks more rubber sealers,
271
00:14:44,827 --> 00:14:49,310
Another synthetic sealer
And another endcap on top.
272
00:14:49,310 --> 00:14:51,896
He inserts long bolts
Into the four corners
273
00:14:51,896 --> 00:14:53,344
Of the valve
274
00:14:53,344 --> 00:14:56,379
And secures them tightly
With nuts to keep air
275
00:14:56,379 --> 00:14:58,413
From seeping into the valve.
276
00:15:01,413 --> 00:15:03,482
He attaches a handle
To the stem,
277
00:15:03,482 --> 00:15:07,275
Protruding from the valve body.
278
00:15:07,275 --> 00:15:10,241
He installs a stop pin
To prevent the handle
279
00:15:10,241 --> 00:15:14,482
From opening beyond
A quarter turn.
280
00:15:14,482 --> 00:15:17,137
Finally, he tightens the nut
That locks the handle
281
00:15:17,137 --> 00:15:20,620
To the valve stem.
282
00:15:20,620 --> 00:15:23,931
He now secures the ball valve
In a vise
283
00:15:23,931 --> 00:15:27,724
To hold it steady
While he tests its function.
284
00:15:27,724 --> 00:15:29,862
When the whole of the ball
Is aligned with flanges
285
00:15:29,862 --> 00:15:32,379
Of the endcaps,
The valve is open.
286
00:15:32,379 --> 00:15:36,000
And when it's perpendicular
To it, it's shut.
287
00:15:36,000 --> 00:15:38,310
Satisfied with its function,
288
00:15:38,310 --> 00:15:42,000
He transfers the ball valve
To the laser engraver.
289
00:15:42,000 --> 00:15:44,413
The laser etches
The serial number
290
00:15:44,413 --> 00:15:47,068
And other information
Onto the valve body.
291
00:15:49,655 --> 00:15:52,068
And now, one final test,
292
00:15:52,068 --> 00:15:53,827
The technician connects
The valve
293
00:15:53,827 --> 00:15:55,551
To a vacuum pumping system
294
00:15:55,551 --> 00:15:59,000
And activates
A leak-detecting device.
295
00:15:59,000 --> 00:16:00,827
While the pump draws a vacuum,
296
00:16:00,827 --> 00:16:03,655
He sprays helium gas
Onto the valve
297
00:16:03,655 --> 00:16:05,896
To detect any leaks.
298
00:16:05,896 --> 00:16:08,896
This ensures the valve
Will operate properly
299
00:16:08,896 --> 00:16:11,379
In a high vacuum environment.
300
00:16:11,379 --> 00:16:14,275
Some of these ball valves
Are manually operated.
301
00:16:14,275 --> 00:16:17,034
And others are computerized.
302
00:16:17,034 --> 00:16:18,827
Both versions are
Designed to hold up
303
00:16:18,827 --> 00:16:21,931
To high vacuum conditions
And handle the flow.
304
00:16:32,517 --> 00:16:34,586
Narrator: if you have grass
Or weeds to cut,
305
00:16:34,586 --> 00:16:37,482
But can't access the spot
With your lawn mower,
306
00:16:37,482 --> 00:16:40,275
You need a string
Trimmer for the job.
307
00:16:40,275 --> 00:16:42,586
It's compact,
Letting you cut around
308
00:16:42,586 --> 00:16:44,137
And in between objects,
309
00:16:44,137 --> 00:16:46,137
And doesn't ride
On the ground.
310
00:16:46,137 --> 00:16:49,103
So you can easily use it
On a steep terrain.
311
00:16:53,241 --> 00:16:56,310
A string trimmer slices
The vegetation in its path
312
00:16:56,310 --> 00:16:58,344
With a rotating nylon line.
313
00:16:58,344 --> 00:17:01,103
The motor that turns
The spool of line
314
00:17:01,103 --> 00:17:03,827
Is protected by a two-part
Housing made of polymer.
315
00:17:05,689 --> 00:17:08,896
The polymer pellets are pumped
Through pipes to the hopper,
316
00:17:08,896 --> 00:17:10,758
That feeds an injection
Molding machine.
317
00:17:10,758 --> 00:17:13,172
The machine melts them,
318
00:17:13,172 --> 00:17:16,896
Then shoots the liquid plastic
Into housing-shaped molds.
319
00:17:16,896 --> 00:17:21,482
The machine then cools the molds
To solidify the plastic
320
00:17:21,482 --> 00:17:23,586
And ejects the molded parts,
321
00:17:23,586 --> 00:17:29,034
Which a robot grabs and places
In a collection box.
322
00:17:29,034 --> 00:17:31,896
To make other plastic parts
Of the string trimmer,
323
00:17:31,896 --> 00:17:35,448
They install different molds
On the injection molding machine
324
00:17:35,448 --> 00:17:36,724
And hook up the feed line
325
00:17:36,724 --> 00:17:40,103
For whichever color pellets
They're using.
326
00:17:40,103 --> 00:17:41,620
To make the cutting line,
327
00:17:41,620 --> 00:17:45,344
An extrusion machine melts
Down plastic pellets,
328
00:17:45,344 --> 00:17:47,172
Then forces the liquid
Plastic through
329
00:17:47,172 --> 00:17:50,793
A round die to form line.
330
00:17:50,793 --> 00:17:53,862
A cold water bath cools
And solidifies the shape.
331
00:17:53,862 --> 00:17:56,689
Then, heated rollers
Stretch the line
332
00:17:56,689 --> 00:17:59,379
Until its reduced
To 3 millimeters in diameter.
333
00:18:01,068 --> 00:18:03,827
The line is wound
Onto large spools,
334
00:18:03,827 --> 00:18:05,137
Which feed the machines
335
00:18:05,137 --> 00:18:09,000
That wind the finished
Trimmer spools.
336
00:18:09,000 --> 00:18:10,379
On the engine assembly line,
337
00:18:10,379 --> 00:18:12,586
An automated machine
Applies sealant
338
00:18:12,586 --> 00:18:15,827
To the magnesium engine pan.
339
00:18:19,689 --> 00:18:21,448
They place the cylinder
340
00:18:21,448 --> 00:18:23,275
On an assembly fixture,
341
00:18:23,275 --> 00:18:26,758
Apply a gasket,
Then insert the piston.
342
00:18:26,758 --> 00:18:28,551
Already assembled
To the crankcase,
343
00:18:28,551 --> 00:18:30,793
Its up and down motion turns.
344
00:18:30,793 --> 00:18:33,896
Then they mate the engine pan
To the crankcase.
345
00:18:33,896 --> 00:18:39,241
The sealant in between
Making that connection airtight.
346
00:18:39,241 --> 00:18:42,241
An automated machine screws
The components together,
347
00:18:42,241 --> 00:18:44,517
Then closes off
The exhaust ports
348
00:18:44,517 --> 00:18:48,241
And pulls a vacuum
To test the seal.
349
00:18:48,241 --> 00:18:50,689
If the engine assembly
Passes the test,
350
00:18:50,689 --> 00:18:53,241
It continues down
The assembly line.
351
00:18:53,241 --> 00:18:55,551
They install a gasket...
352
00:18:58,103 --> 00:19:01,137
The carburetor...
353
00:19:01,137 --> 00:19:03,275
Another gasket
354
00:19:03,275 --> 00:19:05,655
And the housing
For the air filter.
355
00:19:05,655 --> 00:19:08,862
Then they install a baffle,
356
00:19:08,862 --> 00:19:10,413
Which distributes air
357
00:19:10,413 --> 00:19:12,931
So that it enters
The air filter evenly.
358
00:19:12,931 --> 00:19:17,827
They attach a gasket
Under the muffler
359
00:19:17,827 --> 00:19:19,896
And screw the muffler
Onto the cylinder.
360
00:19:19,896 --> 00:19:23,758
The gasket and sealant
On the screws ensure
361
00:19:23,758 --> 00:19:28,241
The only exhaust gases
Can escape through the muffler.
362
00:19:28,241 --> 00:19:30,137
Next, the flywheel.
363
00:19:30,137 --> 00:19:33,137
When it rotates,
Magnets inside produce
364
00:19:33,137 --> 00:19:35,793
An electromagnetic field
The ignition uses
365
00:19:35,793 --> 00:19:37,379
To set off the spark plug
366
00:19:37,379 --> 00:19:41,000
That starts the engine
Combustion cycle.
367
00:19:41,000 --> 00:19:43,137
After mounting the clutch
On the flywheel,
368
00:19:43,137 --> 00:19:46,620
They install the spark
Plug on the cylinder.
369
00:19:46,620 --> 00:19:47,862
This automated machine
370
00:19:47,862 --> 00:19:50,034
Simultaneously tightens
The spark plug,
371
00:19:50,034 --> 00:19:55,379
The clutch and the flywheel
To specified torques.
372
00:19:55,379 --> 00:19:57,448
By this point,
Workers have welded
373
00:19:57,448 --> 00:19:59,586
A fuel tank
To the motor housing.
374
00:19:59,586 --> 00:20:01,965
They've also installed
A trigger,
375
00:20:01,965 --> 00:20:04,862
A trigger release,
And a stop switch.
376
00:20:04,862 --> 00:20:09,275
They place the assembled
Engine into the housing.
377
00:20:09,275 --> 00:20:12,793
They also place the air filter
Into the filter housing.
378
00:20:15,517 --> 00:20:17,517
At the next station,
379
00:20:17,517 --> 00:20:20,344
They attach the other
Half of the motor housing.
380
00:20:24,275 --> 00:20:27,931
A robot tightens the screws
To a specific torque.
381
00:20:31,172 --> 00:20:34,379
Next, they screw a cover
On to the filter housing.
382
00:20:37,827 --> 00:20:40,551
Then they create
The trimmer's powerhead
383
00:20:40,551 --> 00:20:43,758
By installing
The starter cover.
384
00:20:43,758 --> 00:20:46,724
It contains the cord you
Pull to start the engine.
385
00:20:49,172 --> 00:20:50,448
Elsewhere in the factory,
386
00:20:50,448 --> 00:20:52,241
They build the shaft assembly,
387
00:20:52,241 --> 00:20:55,241
To which they'll later
Attach the powerhead.
388
00:20:55,241 --> 00:20:58,000
First, they put together
The handle in the gearhead
389
00:20:58,000 --> 00:21:00,689
That turns the spool of line.
390
00:21:00,689 --> 00:21:02,793
Then they install the spool.
391
00:21:02,793 --> 00:21:05,241
When the cutting line wears
Down from use,
392
00:21:05,241 --> 00:21:07,034
You tap the spool
Against the ground
393
00:21:07,034 --> 00:21:11,000
To automatically advance
More line.
394
00:21:11,000 --> 00:21:14,000
They insert the shaft
Assembly into the powerhead.
395
00:21:14,000 --> 00:21:17,103
The other end of the drive
Shaft connects to the gearhead.
396
00:21:19,034 --> 00:21:22,827
The last step is to attach
The gearhead's deflector,
397
00:21:22,827 --> 00:21:24,551
Which is designed
To help prevent
398
00:21:24,551 --> 00:21:28,206
What you're trimming
From flying up at you.
399
00:21:28,206 --> 00:21:29,827
To use the string trimmer,
400
00:21:29,827 --> 00:21:32,827
You fill the fuel tank
With a gas and oil mixture.
401
00:21:32,827 --> 00:21:36,793
Then, just pull the cord
To start her up.
30985
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