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Support your local PBS station.
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KIMBERLY:
I'm going to say more numbers.
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After I say them,
I want you to put them backward.
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Two, eight, five, one, six.
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Six, one, five, eight, two.
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Four, one, six, four, three.
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Three, four, six...
One, four, two?
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♪
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Hi, Mama.
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[laughing]
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BARB: I think I have
probably a little greater
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than 50% chance of getting it.
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I have lately thought,
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"You know, you got about another
ten years of memory left
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before you hit
your mom's stage."
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♪
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I absolutely am terrified of it.
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♪
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KIMBERLY: I'm going
to read you a list of words.
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I want you to tell me as many
words as you can remember.
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Okay. All right.
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Flute, dress, alarm,
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juice, office,
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mother, pond.
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Flute, dress, juice, alarm,
office, mother...
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Draw on the hands
at 20 minutes after 7:00.
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KAREN: I knew it was too late for my mom.
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But I have to think about my son.
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Hopefully, if not in my
lifetime, in his lifetime,
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they can find a cure.
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It takes generations, sometimes,
to find a cure.
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♪
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SIGRID: I'm noticing in
my journey through memory
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that when you give a really long list,
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then things start to get really confused,
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and I can't track it anymore.
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Mm-hmm.
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SIGRID:
I read that
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if you were a daughter
of someone with Alzheimer's,
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that you had a much higher
chance of having it.
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My mother had passed away
from Alzheimer's.
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I had three daughters,
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and that's when they told me
about the study.
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And I said, "Oh, sign me up!"
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NARRATOR: An estimated
50 million people worldwide
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live with Alzheimer's disease
or other dementias.
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Having a parent with Alzheimer's
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more than doubles a person's
risk of getting it.
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Now, some are joining a
groundbreaking medical study
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to try to find out what,
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if anything, could make a difference
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for future generations.
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"Determined: Fighting Alzheimer's,"
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right now, on "NOVA."
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♪
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♪
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STERLING JOHNSON: This
study is about adult children
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of people who have Alzheimer's disease.
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We bring our participants in
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in mid-life, and we follow
them as they age.
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We want to know who goes on
to develop dementia
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and who doesn't.
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We want to be able
to prevent this disease.
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In order to do that,
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we have to identify it as early
as we possibly can.
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We also want to know if there's a drug
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or a lifestyle intervention
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that will slow the rate
of cognitive decline.
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Ultimately, we want to prevent dementia.
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So we call our study
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the Wisconsin Registry
for Alzheimer's Prevention,
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or WRAP.
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WRAP, to me, is super-groundbreaking,
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because when it was started,
it was one of the first
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to actually look at the adult caregiver,
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um, the adult child.
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♪
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[birds chirping]
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MARK SAGER: My wife and
I were sitting in the backyard,
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and it was a summer evening in Madison,
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and we were having a drink before supper.
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I was commenting that at the time,
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there was almost no Alzheimer's
disease research here on campus.
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And my wife said,
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"You need to study someone
like me."
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[inhales]
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[voice trembling]: And her mother
had developed Alzheimer's disease.
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[sniffs]: And I said, "Well,
it sounds like, you know,
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it's a good idea," and actually,
it was a very good idea.
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Alzheimer's disease
is defined by two things,
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amyloid plaques
and neurofibrillary tangles.
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These things show up in the brain
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in our 50s and 60s, and eventually,
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they become toxic to the cells
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that are vital for brain function.
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After so long,
symptoms of dementia develop.
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KAREN: My mom didn't
think it could happen to her.
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She read, she was active.
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And she didn't think it would
hit her, and it did.
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She couldn't escape.
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♪
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My mom always made things fun.
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She would go outside,
play kickball with me.
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She even made housework fun.
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Until I got smart enough and realized,
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"No, I shouldn't
be enjoying this!"
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[laughing]
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She always kept us laughing.
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But I started noticing,
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she just didn't seem herself.
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She wasn't reading as much.
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She wasn't laughing as much.
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And she had mentioned that she thought
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she was losing her memory.
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Her sisters and her brother
had Alzheimer's,
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and I was kind of worried
that was going on.
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And if it wasn't Alzheimer's,
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I wanted to find out what
it was to get her treatment,
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to get her help.
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And, uh...
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[crying]: Unfortunately,
it was Alzheimer's.
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♪
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And she would become angry when
you would try to help her.
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And I tried to explain,
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"I'm not trying to treat you like a child.
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I'm just trying to help you."
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Imagine seeing someone wither away
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to where they don't know when
to go to the bathroom.
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How to walk.
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How to move their arms, their head.
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It got to a point where
I couldn't keep her at home.
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I had to start giving it thought
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to her being placed in a nursing home.
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It was the toughest decision
I ever had to make in my life.
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♪
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My son was three when she was diagnosed.
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XAVIER:
She loved me.
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Like, she would never get mad
at me at all.
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She'll get mad at other people.
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But not me, for some reason.
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We was like twins.
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KAREN:
Had my son in daycare,
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working full-time, now having
to worry about her safety.
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Stress was...
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You know, just, part of my life,
everyday life.
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Up until she died.
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XAVIER: It doesn't feel the same
without my grandma being alive.
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The person who loved me the,
really the, really the most,
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passed away.
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KAREN:
I want him
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to graduate from high school,
go to college.
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Find a career, have a family.
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I want us to rekindle our relationship.
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I missed a lot of time as he grew up
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taking care of my mother.
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I always thought,
"There'll be more time."
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Always, "We'll do this later."
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Xavier!
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KAREN:
We'll have the fun later.
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And later turned into 12 years later.
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♪
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If by some chance you lose capacity
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when you're in this study,
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do you want to continue doing this study,
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or do you want to withdraw?
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Yes, continue.
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Okay, could you initial there?
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And then we ask for a name of
someone who can speak for you
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if that's the case...
if you lose capacity.
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KAREN:
I don't care what test it is.
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I don't care if it's
a lumbar puncture, a MRI,
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blood work.
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I don't care, I'll do it.
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Only part I don't like
is the cognitive testing.
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Chicken, orange, pond.
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KAREN:
That, although it's painless,
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it does make you feel stupid, and, uh,
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I just wonder why I'm able
to roam around free
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after I take those tests.
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♪
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CYNTHIA CARLSSON:
Take a breath and hold it.
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[Sigrid inhales]
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Okay, take a breath again.
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00:09:38,992 --> 00:09:41,477
[inhales] And then hold it.
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SIGRID:
My mother was just
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such a very talented person.
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00:09:46,827 --> 00:09:49,623
Plus, she was also very bright.
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00:09:49,658 --> 00:09:53,627
But I can remember being
at my mother's one time.
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She held her head and she said,
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00:09:55,249 --> 00:09:57,631
"Oh, I think I'm going crazy,
I just think I'm going crazy!
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I can't remember anything!"
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00:09:59,633 --> 00:10:01,324
And we said, "Oh, Mother!
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00:10:01,359 --> 00:10:03,637
We can't remember where our
car keys are, either."
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00:10:03,672 --> 00:10:06,122
You know, "Nothing's wrong,"
we just sort of blew her off.
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00:10:06,157 --> 00:10:09,643
[sighs]:
I think even when you,
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you do understand intellectually...
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00:10:11,921 --> 00:10:16,063
[sniffles]:...it's very hard to experience
someone with Alzheimer's
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up front and close.
200
00:10:21,241 --> 00:10:25,521
She followed me around like a,
like a toddler,
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00:10:25,555 --> 00:10:28,662
or a, a, like a dog.
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00:10:28,697 --> 00:10:32,148
[voice trembling]:
I remember turning around,
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00:10:32,183 --> 00:10:36,601
and really just shouting at her,
"Stop following me around!"
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00:10:36,636 --> 00:10:41,019
[crying]
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00:10:41,054 --> 00:10:45,058
And I'm so sorry for that.
[sniffles]
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00:10:45,092 --> 00:10:48,751
♪
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00:10:48,786 --> 00:10:50,684
CARLSSON:
You doing okay still?
208
00:10:50,719 --> 00:10:52,341
SIGRID:
I'm fine.
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00:10:54,723 --> 00:10:57,691
CARLSSON: If you're
trying to diagnose someone
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00:10:57,726 --> 00:11:00,280
at risk for Alzheimer's,
you want to go back
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00:11:00,314 --> 00:11:03,076
before they're ever
having memory symptoms.
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00:11:03,110 --> 00:11:05,147
CARLSSON: Okay, the needle's
out, you can lift your head and relax.
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00:11:05,181 --> 00:11:06,631
NURSE:
Lift your head. You feeling okay?
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00:11:06,666 --> 00:11:08,081
SIGRID: Yeah, and I don't have
a headache yet. Good!
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00:11:08,115 --> 00:11:10,635
There you go.
216
00:11:10,670 --> 00:11:12,741
And I'll go get a warm blanket, okay?
217
00:11:12,775 --> 00:11:14,604
BARBARA BENDLIN:
At the very earliest stages,
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00:11:14,639 --> 00:11:17,504
people actually can have normal
cognitive function.
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00:11:17,538 --> 00:11:20,956
We're looking at a silent process.
220
00:11:20,990 --> 00:11:25,408
So we're really trying to map
out those early changes
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00:11:25,443 --> 00:11:29,378
in fine detail, using sensitive methods.
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00:11:29,412 --> 00:11:33,313
CARLSSON: There are two
main proteins that we focus in on.
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00:11:33,347 --> 00:11:35,142
So one is amyloid protein.
224
00:11:35,177 --> 00:11:36,488
Amyloid that's in the spinal fluid
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00:11:36,523 --> 00:11:38,905
gives us an idea about how much
is in the brain.
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00:11:38,939 --> 00:11:40,803
And then I'll have you lie down here.
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00:11:40,838 --> 00:11:42,667
Watch your head so you don't
hit the coil. Right.
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00:11:45,256 --> 00:11:47,741
[MRI scanner whirring]
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JOHNSON:
Traditionally,
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the way to diagnose Alzheimer's disease
231
00:11:51,434 --> 00:11:53,920
was with neuropathology examinations
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00:11:53,954 --> 00:11:56,025
after a person has died.
233
00:11:56,060 --> 00:11:57,406
Now, that's really still the way
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00:11:57,440 --> 00:12:00,133
to get a definitive diagnosis
of Alzheimer's disease.
235
00:12:00,167 --> 00:12:01,582
But brain imaging is now a window
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00:12:01,617 --> 00:12:02,894
into the living brain.
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00:12:02,929 --> 00:12:06,726
JOHNSON: Let's look at
that hippocampus, Ron.
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00:12:06,760 --> 00:12:09,970
Here's the hippocampus right here.
239
00:12:10,005 --> 00:12:13,249
So we're able to observe
very subtle changes
240
00:12:13,284 --> 00:12:15,907
in the hippocampus, the
structure that's very important
241
00:12:15,942 --> 00:12:17,978
in forming new memories.
242
00:12:18,013 --> 00:12:20,153
This is really interesting,
243
00:12:20,187 --> 00:12:22,845
because this individual
is only 64 years old
244
00:12:22,880 --> 00:12:24,640
and is cognitively normal.
245
00:12:24,674 --> 00:12:28,540
But they happen to have a parent
with Alzheimer's disease.
246
00:12:28,575 --> 00:12:31,164
So the question that we're
trying to address
247
00:12:31,198 --> 00:12:35,375
is whether this kind of profile,
248
00:12:35,409 --> 00:12:37,308
where you've got normal metabolism,
249
00:12:37,342 --> 00:12:39,620
but you're already seeing budding signs
250
00:12:39,655 --> 00:12:41,588
of Alzheimer's disease,
251
00:12:41,622 --> 00:12:44,867
will this person go on to get symptoms?
252
00:12:44,902 --> 00:12:49,458
Or will they remain stable
for their entire adulthood?
253
00:12:49,492 --> 00:12:52,219
DAVID:
What?
254
00:12:52,254 --> 00:12:53,980
SIGRID:
Did you find your glasses?
255
00:12:54,014 --> 00:12:55,257
DAVID:
They're the old-style glasses.
256
00:12:57,431 --> 00:12:59,779
They are just someplace very, you know,
257
00:12:59,813 --> 00:13:03,955
like, out, laying somewhere.
258
00:13:03,990 --> 00:13:06,544
I don't know what to do.
259
00:13:06,578 --> 00:13:11,963
Other than, other than try and find them.
260
00:13:11,998 --> 00:13:13,344
Oh, dear.
261
00:13:13,378 --> 00:13:15,691
Dear, oh, dear.
262
00:13:15,725 --> 00:13:18,521
DAVID:
I guess I am slipping.
263
00:13:18,556 --> 00:13:20,420
A lot of things I do forget.
264
00:13:20,454 --> 00:13:22,215
Sigrid says I'm always
265
00:13:22,249 --> 00:13:25,874
having a fresh new experience every day,
266
00:13:25,908 --> 00:13:27,185
even though it,
I may have actually done it
267
00:13:27,220 --> 00:13:28,566
some time recently.
[chuckles]
268
00:13:28,600 --> 00:13:32,225
I don't have the sense of being
confused or in a fog.
269
00:13:32,259 --> 00:13:37,126
It's just, I don't, uh, can't
keep track of things as well.
270
00:13:37,161 --> 00:13:40,889
When we started the study in 2001,
271
00:13:40,923 --> 00:13:42,856
it was just people who have
a family history
272
00:13:42,891 --> 00:13:43,857
of Alzheimer's disease.
273
00:13:43,892 --> 00:13:46,515
But we soon became aware
274
00:13:46,549 --> 00:13:49,207
that having that kind of a focused group
275
00:13:49,242 --> 00:13:52,486
may not be representative
of the general population,
276
00:13:52,521 --> 00:13:55,282
and so we developed a control group.
277
00:13:57,353 --> 00:14:00,149
NURSE:
And... [scale beeps]
278
00:14:00,184 --> 00:14:02,048
Okay.
279
00:14:02,082 --> 00:14:04,050
And you can bring your head forward...
280
00:14:04,084 --> 00:14:07,398
Up, nope, just head,
there you go, just like that.
281
00:14:07,432 --> 00:14:08,709
Now bring this down,
282
00:14:08,744 --> 00:14:10,608
and try not to crush you there.
283
00:14:10,642 --> 00:14:12,265
Does that feel tight?
284
00:14:12,299 --> 00:14:15,199
68.7 inches.
285
00:14:15,233 --> 00:14:16,200
Five...
Five-eight.
286
00:14:16,234 --> 00:14:17,546
Just a hair under five-nine.
287
00:14:17,580 --> 00:14:19,651
I know. I used to be five-ten-
and-a-half, so...
288
00:14:19,686 --> 00:14:20,929
Did you?
Yeah.
289
00:14:20,963 --> 00:14:23,241
DAVID:
Well, uh, we do the same tests
290
00:14:23,276 --> 00:14:25,519
that everybody else does in the program.
291
00:14:25,554 --> 00:14:28,177
We have the blood test
292
00:14:28,212 --> 00:14:31,318
and, like, a three-hour
cognitive inventory.
293
00:14:31,353 --> 00:14:34,149
So they are doing everything, I think,
294
00:14:34,183 --> 00:14:35,909
that they're doing with the regular group
295
00:14:35,944 --> 00:14:39,464
with us.
296
00:14:39,499 --> 00:14:42,053
I'm feeling like if
I'm gonna have memory problems,
297
00:14:42,088 --> 00:14:45,401
then you're not gonna have my assistance,
298
00:14:45,436 --> 00:14:48,784
and you're going to be left
with all this stuff behind.
299
00:14:48,818 --> 00:14:50,199
Yup.
300
00:14:50,234 --> 00:14:53,720
Of course, obviously,
we gotta throw away stuff.
301
00:14:53,754 --> 00:14:55,998
Would you say that louder?
302
00:14:56,033 --> 00:14:59,760
We gotta throw away stuff, but I, I...
303
00:14:59,795 --> 00:15:02,798
Having saved it for ten years...
304
00:15:02,832 --> 00:15:04,351
-Ten years?
-... to look at.
305
00:15:04,386 --> 00:15:05,974
You have college,
306
00:15:06,008 --> 00:15:07,976
you have college coursenotes.
307
00:15:08,010 --> 00:15:09,529
Yup.
308
00:15:09,563 --> 00:15:12,118
SIGRID:
Throw them out.
309
00:15:12,152 --> 00:15:15,569
I want some peace.
310
00:15:15,604 --> 00:15:17,123
♪
311
00:15:17,157 --> 00:15:19,884
Put that one on top.
312
00:15:19,919 --> 00:15:21,023
Good load.
313
00:15:21,058 --> 00:15:22,680
Put the other one on top.
314
00:15:28,858 --> 00:15:32,483
BARB: You like your maple
and brown sugar, Dad says.
315
00:15:34,209 --> 00:15:37,419
BARB: Take your warm blanket off you?
316
00:15:37,453 --> 00:15:39,973
[Irene moaning lightly]
317
00:15:40,008 --> 00:15:42,942
I'm going to hold it up around
her arms while you change her.
318
00:15:42,976 --> 00:15:45,703
Just 'cause she getsso cold.
319
00:15:45,737 --> 00:15:50,570
It's okay, Mama. [Irene moaning]
320
00:15:50,604 --> 00:15:55,368
[Irene moaning]
321
00:15:55,402 --> 00:15:58,060
Here we go.
322
00:15:58,095 --> 00:15:59,959
Down we go.
323
00:15:59,993 --> 00:16:02,099
DOREN:
If she made a little noise,
324
00:16:02,133 --> 00:16:04,929
they'd give her Ativan, knock her out,
325
00:16:04,964 --> 00:16:08,139
so she wouldn't make any noise.
326
00:16:08,174 --> 00:16:11,315
And, uh, I just fought all,
all seven months up there.
327
00:16:11,349 --> 00:16:13,696
♪ Ay, ay, ay, ay ♪
328
00:16:13,731 --> 00:16:17,183
♪ Ay, ay, ay, ay ♪
329
00:16:17,217 --> 00:16:19,323
♪ My little señorita ♪
330
00:16:19,357 --> 00:16:20,910
[chanting wordlessly]
331
00:16:20,945 --> 00:16:23,844
BARB:
She's gonna get you singing.
332
00:16:23,879 --> 00:16:26,744
[laughs] She's trying to copy you.
333
00:16:26,778 --> 00:16:28,988
CRICKET:
I know, she usually does.
334
00:16:29,022 --> 00:16:30,990
BARB:
She knows his voice.
335
00:16:31,024 --> 00:16:35,546
He walks in the room and speaks,
and she's listening.
336
00:16:35,580 --> 00:16:38,135
Oh, there.
337
00:16:38,169 --> 00:16:41,862
Oh, there...
[babbling]
338
00:16:41,897 --> 00:16:45,245
BARB: I live five hours
away from my parents.
339
00:16:45,280 --> 00:16:47,592
I try to get up there as
frequently as I can,
340
00:16:47,627 --> 00:16:49,905
at least every few weeks, um,
341
00:16:49,939 --> 00:16:52,528
but it's hard when you get
a call that there's a crisis
342
00:16:52,563 --> 00:16:54,599
and you can't be there.
343
00:16:54,634 --> 00:16:57,430
He would always stress, "Well,
I can take care of her myself."
344
00:16:57,464 --> 00:17:00,157
But we said, "No," I told him right out,
345
00:17:00,191 --> 00:17:02,124
I would not let her come home if
346
00:17:02,159 --> 00:17:05,645
he wouldn't agree to having help
come into the home.
347
00:17:05,679 --> 00:17:07,060
Ready to have a sip?
348
00:17:07,095 --> 00:17:08,510
[whistles]
349
00:17:08,544 --> 00:17:11,513
SUE: Part of this
disease is that eventually
350
00:17:11,547 --> 00:17:14,067
they will get so that they can't swallow.
351
00:17:14,102 --> 00:17:16,207
That's why I'm concerned about
352
00:17:16,242 --> 00:17:19,348
how fast she's given things to drink.
353
00:17:19,383 --> 00:17:21,592
Feeding her slow is okay.
354
00:17:21,626 --> 00:17:24,629
CRICKET: I was giving
her a drink of water one day,
355
00:17:24,664 --> 00:17:26,942
and she choked.
356
00:17:26,976 --> 00:17:29,807
We all panicked.
357
00:17:29,841 --> 00:17:34,087
And I know if I'm feeding
my mom something,
358
00:17:34,122 --> 00:17:38,367
and she choked and didn't recover from it,
359
00:17:38,402 --> 00:17:40,818
I know my dad would hold it against me.
360
00:17:40,852 --> 00:17:43,131
The girls, they all said,
361
00:17:43,165 --> 00:17:46,203
"Well, Dad, how are you gonna,
362
00:17:46,237 --> 00:17:47,445
"how are you going to take care of her?
363
00:17:47,480 --> 00:17:49,447
"How are you going to take care of her?
364
00:17:49,482 --> 00:17:51,656
How are you going change her?"
365
00:17:51,691 --> 00:17:55,902
And I said, "Just let Dad do it.
366
00:17:55,936 --> 00:17:58,077
I'll show you I can do it."
367
00:18:00,596 --> 00:18:04,255
I guess I feel the same about her
368
00:18:04,290 --> 00:18:05,808
that I did back then.
369
00:18:05,843 --> 00:18:08,225
♪
370
00:18:08,259 --> 00:18:12,505
Well, we've had 59 years
of very good marriage.
371
00:18:12,539 --> 00:18:17,268
We worked hard together, she was
always right by me, and...
372
00:18:17,303 --> 00:18:20,064
You just got to keep on loving her
373
00:18:20,099 --> 00:18:22,515
and taking care of her.
374
00:18:22,549 --> 00:18:26,105
[Irene murmurs]
375
00:18:26,139 --> 00:18:27,968
You okay? Hm?
376
00:18:28,003 --> 00:18:30,350
All right. I guess so.
377
00:18:32,387 --> 00:18:34,837
[car signal beeping]
378
00:18:34,872 --> 00:18:37,288
KAREN: For the last
several years of our marriage,
379
00:18:37,323 --> 00:18:41,154
I felt a strain.
380
00:18:41,189 --> 00:18:44,571
In my mother's last six months of life,
381
00:18:44,606 --> 00:18:47,436
the one thing I always felt
was, I was alone.
382
00:18:49,162 --> 00:18:53,408
I would be there 23 hours, a day.
383
00:18:55,203 --> 00:18:57,826
I'm trying to deal with my mom,
384
00:18:57,860 --> 00:19:00,242
trying to get my son to school...
385
00:19:00,277 --> 00:19:02,658
Whatever. [alarm chirps]
386
00:19:02,693 --> 00:19:07,180
KAREN:...raising a teenager,
and trying to adapt life
387
00:19:07,215 --> 00:19:10,183
to meet my mother's needs.
388
00:19:10,218 --> 00:19:13,876
When I think about the lack of support,
389
00:19:13,911 --> 00:19:16,327
there's a lot of hurt and a lot of anger.
390
00:19:16,362 --> 00:19:21,470
[basketball bouncing]
391
00:19:39,764 --> 00:19:41,766
I do not like school at all.
392
00:19:41,801 --> 00:19:43,975
It is stressful.
393
00:19:44,010 --> 00:19:49,464
KAREN: My son can't go back
to school because of his grades.
394
00:19:51,017 --> 00:19:54,123
[chuckling]
395
00:19:54,158 --> 00:19:55,746
[sighs and sniffles]
396
00:19:59,128 --> 00:20:02,131
♪
397
00:20:02,166 --> 00:20:04,617
DIANE: I'm going to show you
a sheet that has six figures on it,
398
00:20:04,651 --> 00:20:07,689
and I want you to study the
figures so that you can remember
399
00:20:07,723 --> 00:20:09,829
as many of them as possible.
400
00:20:09,863 --> 00:20:12,763
You'll have ten seconds
to study the entire display.
401
00:20:12,797 --> 00:20:14,247
♪
402
00:20:14,282 --> 00:20:16,353
When I take it away,
that's when you start drawing.
403
00:20:21,358 --> 00:20:24,257
Now draw as many
of the figures as you can.
404
00:20:42,517 --> 00:20:44,795
Can't do it. All right.
405
00:20:44,829 --> 00:20:46,106
Well, that was fine.
406
00:20:46,141 --> 00:20:47,487
I'd like to see whether
you can remember more
407
00:20:47,522 --> 00:20:49,248
if I give you another chance.
408
00:21:00,707 --> 00:21:02,709
That's all I could think of.
409
00:21:02,744 --> 00:21:05,022
Try not to forget this display,
410
00:21:05,056 --> 00:21:07,818
because I may ask you about
the figures again later.
411
00:21:07,852 --> 00:21:10,027
Okay. Okay.
412
00:21:10,061 --> 00:21:13,651
DIANE: I'll present the display again
for ten seconds.
413
00:21:13,686 --> 00:21:16,620
Try to remember as many of the
figures as you can this time,
414
00:21:16,654 --> 00:21:22,073
including the ones you
remembered in your last attempt.
415
00:21:29,357 --> 00:21:30,668
[stopwatch clicks]
416
00:21:30,703 --> 00:21:32,843
Now draw as many of the figures
as you can.
417
00:21:47,271 --> 00:21:49,066
[chuckling]
418
00:21:49,100 --> 00:21:52,000
I was going to really remember
that one, but I don't.
419
00:21:54,036 --> 00:21:56,660
Okay, that was fine.
420
00:21:56,694 --> 00:21:59,248
When you took it, did you feel
421
00:21:59,283 --> 00:22:01,009
like you did better two years ago?
422
00:22:01,043 --> 00:22:03,045
I mean, do you feel...
Oh, I'm sure I did better...
423
00:22:03,080 --> 00:22:05,289
You did, so you feel like you're
failing a little bit, too.
424
00:22:05,324 --> 00:22:08,050
Absolutely, absolutely. Absolutely.
425
00:22:08,085 --> 00:22:10,777
I always feel badly about myself.
426
00:22:10,812 --> 00:22:13,124
When I do this. Yeah.
427
00:22:14,988 --> 00:22:16,542
'Cause I think it's kinda startling
428
00:22:16,576 --> 00:22:19,786
to really have to face your memory gaps
429
00:22:19,821 --> 00:22:23,411
and what that means.
430
00:22:23,445 --> 00:22:24,826
Yeah, it is.
431
00:22:24,860 --> 00:22:28,692
It's hard to take...
it's hard to take.
432
00:22:28,726 --> 00:22:31,039
Well, I guess my
question... And I realized,
433
00:22:31,073 --> 00:22:32,523
I summed it up... My
question to you is this,
434
00:22:32,558 --> 00:22:37,045
is, did you at any point really
feel taken aback or shaken?
435
00:22:37,079 --> 00:22:38,598
Today? Yes.
436
00:22:38,633 --> 00:22:40,600
No. No, see?
437
00:22:40,635 --> 00:22:43,396
I did, so, there's a message in that.
438
00:22:43,431 --> 00:22:45,364
Yeah.
439
00:22:45,398 --> 00:22:47,607
Right? Yeah.
440
00:22:47,642 --> 00:22:49,160
Well, I know.
441
00:22:49,195 --> 00:22:51,715
I know that you're worried, I know.
442
00:22:53,786 --> 00:22:56,375
So now, what you know about Alzheimer's?
443
00:22:56,409 --> 00:22:58,929
I gotta ask you, you know I do.
444
00:22:58,963 --> 00:23:02,208
WOMAN: Oh, my momma's getting
a touch of some sort of dementia.
445
00:23:02,242 --> 00:23:04,866
GREEN-HARRIS: Dementia is
the loss of this cognitive function.
446
00:23:04,900 --> 00:23:06,523
Thinking, remembering, reasoning.
447
00:23:06,557 --> 00:23:09,767
It really is that broad-brush definition.
448
00:23:09,802 --> 00:23:12,356
Alzheimer's disease, this is the
umbrella for dementia.
449
00:23:12,391 --> 00:23:13,737
If we were to have a spoke,
450
00:23:13,771 --> 00:23:15,324
Alzheimer's disease would be a spoke.
451
00:23:15,359 --> 00:23:16,912
It is a type of dementia.
452
00:23:16,947 --> 00:23:19,294
Alzheimer's disease, or dementia,
453
00:23:19,328 --> 00:23:22,262
can be in the brain for years
and not show.
454
00:23:22,297 --> 00:23:23,919
Does it affect us differently?
455
00:23:23,954 --> 00:23:25,024
CELENA: Well, we're two times more likely
456
00:23:25,058 --> 00:23:27,992
with getting this disease,
and being a woman,
457
00:23:28,027 --> 00:23:29,338
we're also two times more likely
458
00:23:29,373 --> 00:23:30,892
with getting Alzheimer's disease.
459
00:23:30,926 --> 00:23:34,930
Have you ever thought about
getting part of research?
460
00:23:34,965 --> 00:23:37,001
Can I at least talk to
you about it? [laughs]
461
00:23:37,036 --> 00:23:40,177
So if I were to ask you to be
a part of our research study,
462
00:23:40,211 --> 00:23:42,006
what would your,
what would your thoughts be?
463
00:23:42,041 --> 00:23:43,352
What would some of your challenges be?
464
00:23:43,387 --> 00:23:45,424
I would, I would say,
I probably wouldn't be.
465
00:23:45,458 --> 00:23:47,978
MAN: You know, we, as African Americans,
466
00:23:48,012 --> 00:23:49,186
are skeptical about research.
467
00:23:49,220 --> 00:23:50,636
GREEN-HARRIS:
Mm-hmm.
468
00:23:50,670 --> 00:23:54,467
We haven't had any past history
of good fortune in research.
469
00:23:54,502 --> 00:23:57,953
And we feel apprehensive about people
experimenting on us.
470
00:23:57,988 --> 00:24:00,853
GREEN-HARRIS: Even though we
know folks don't want to be involved,
471
00:24:00,887 --> 00:24:02,613
we know we have to be involved,
472
00:24:02,648 --> 00:24:04,028
because we're two times more likely
473
00:24:04,063 --> 00:24:05,444
to develop some kind of dementia
474
00:24:05,478 --> 00:24:06,479
in the Black community.
MAN: Yeah.
475
00:24:06,514 --> 00:24:08,516
Why is that? Why is that?
476
00:24:08,550 --> 00:24:10,241
It has a lot to do with
our health. [inaudible]
477
00:24:10,276 --> 00:24:12,623
It has a lot to do with our
social determinants of health.
478
00:24:12,658 --> 00:24:15,074
Stress, and we're trying to,
but you know what?
479
00:24:15,108 --> 00:24:16,765
The biggest thing is the question mark,
480
00:24:16,800 --> 00:24:19,216
that's why we need you to be
involved in our research study.
481
00:24:19,250 --> 00:24:22,426
So we can find out. So we can find out.
482
00:24:22,461 --> 00:24:24,083
I don't think it was intentional,
483
00:24:24,117 --> 00:24:27,017
but there was just a lapse of
recruitment of African Americans
484
00:24:27,051 --> 00:24:28,501
in the beginning of the study.
485
00:24:28,536 --> 00:24:31,504
Over time, it obviously
became recognizable
486
00:24:31,539 --> 00:24:34,680
that there was the absence
of folks of color.
487
00:24:34,714 --> 00:24:40,133
So in 2006, they started trying
to recruit African Americans,
488
00:24:40,168 --> 00:24:42,550
but it was fairly unsuccessful.
489
00:24:42,584 --> 00:24:44,310
And I think the original thought was that,
490
00:24:44,344 --> 00:24:45,794
"Oh, we just haven't asked."
491
00:24:45,829 --> 00:24:48,728
But there was the
misunderstanding of how to ask.
492
00:24:48,763 --> 00:24:52,491
Oftentime,
you have Caucasian investigators
493
00:24:52,525 --> 00:24:54,803
coming into Black communities and saying,
494
00:24:54,838 --> 00:24:56,633
"Okay, I'm here in my white coat,
495
00:24:56,667 --> 00:24:59,808
"I'm here as the white knight,
I'm coming to save you,
496
00:24:59,843 --> 00:25:01,845
and I've got all these ideas."
497
00:25:01,879 --> 00:25:04,882
And never asking the community
for their ideas.
498
00:25:04,917 --> 00:25:08,058
MAN: I've noticed in our
community there's a lot of stigma.
499
00:25:08,092 --> 00:25:10,336
And a lot of information that
has been old information
500
00:25:10,370 --> 00:25:12,269
that people are continuing
to recycle over and over again.
501
00:25:12,303 --> 00:25:13,477
Is there any materials
502
00:25:13,512 --> 00:25:16,100
that we're able
to actually have to be able
503
00:25:16,135 --> 00:25:17,343
to talk to these individuals?
504
00:25:17,377 --> 00:25:18,413
'Cause there's not a lot of education
505
00:25:18,447 --> 00:25:20,415
that's going out there.
506
00:25:20,449 --> 00:25:22,555
GREEN-HARRIS: We still
have the issue around Tuskegee.
507
00:25:22,590 --> 00:25:26,870
The level of offensiveness
that occurred with Tuskegee
508
00:25:26,904 --> 00:25:29,631
has also continued to happen
over the years.
509
00:25:29,666 --> 00:25:33,704
And so that is also in the
forefronts of our mind.
510
00:25:33,739 --> 00:25:36,120
♪
511
00:25:36,155 --> 00:25:37,708
DAVID DICK:
For 40 years,
512
00:25:37,743 --> 00:25:40,539
the general public in Tuskegee
and Macon County, Alabama,
513
00:25:40,573 --> 00:25:42,161
was unaware the federal government
514
00:25:42,195 --> 00:25:46,061
was experimenting with 430 local Black men
515
00:25:46,096 --> 00:25:47,269
who had contracted syphilis.
516
00:25:47,304 --> 00:25:48,270
They were used as human guinea pigs
517
00:25:48,305 --> 00:25:51,964
to determine the effects of the disease.
518
00:25:51,998 --> 00:25:54,553
28 men died as a result
of the untreated syphilis.
519
00:25:54,587 --> 00:25:56,485
When the program became
public knowledge last year,
520
00:25:56,520 --> 00:25:57,970
it was halted.
521
00:25:58,004 --> 00:26:01,629
But so far, a citizens' panel
has been unable to force H.E.W.
522
00:26:01,663 --> 00:26:03,423
to help those who survived.
523
00:26:03,458 --> 00:26:08,118
I want to see the citizens
of Macon County and Tuskegee
524
00:26:08,152 --> 00:26:12,743
who were utilized in this study
receive adequate compensation.
525
00:26:12,778 --> 00:26:17,645
GREEN-HARRIS: Any investigator
that does not understand the impact
526
00:26:17,679 --> 00:26:21,683
of how communities of color
have been unfairly treated
527
00:26:21,718 --> 00:26:23,927
when it comes to research,
528
00:26:23,961 --> 00:26:26,343
they're doing themselves a disservice.
529
00:26:26,377 --> 00:26:28,794
We had to actually convince the community,
530
00:26:28,828 --> 00:26:30,623
and we had to say what made us different.
531
00:26:30,658 --> 00:26:32,176
So what made us different?
532
00:26:32,211 --> 00:26:33,488
We didn't just go out and say,
533
00:26:33,522 --> 00:26:35,352
"Hey, can you be a part of
our research?"
534
00:26:35,386 --> 00:26:37,630
We actually started by developing
535
00:26:37,665 --> 00:26:39,425
our community advisory board
536
00:26:39,459 --> 00:26:42,324
to talk about,
how do we address this thing
537
00:26:42,359 --> 00:26:45,534
called Alzheimer's and dementia
in the Black community
538
00:26:45,569 --> 00:26:50,919
so that we can build this
new research model?
539
00:26:50,954 --> 00:26:55,165
The question is: what do you do
with all that data?
540
00:26:55,199 --> 00:27:00,480
And how come we never see it
after you get this information?
541
00:27:00,515 --> 00:27:04,657
We curate this data and share it
with people all over the world.
542
00:27:04,692 --> 00:27:08,799
We're part of a consortium of,
of other cohorts
543
00:27:08,834 --> 00:27:10,456
like the WRAP study.
544
00:27:10,490 --> 00:27:12,665
But we share our data with
any investigator
545
00:27:12,700 --> 00:27:14,909
throughout the world who has a question
546
00:27:14,943 --> 00:27:16,876
that we can answer.
547
00:27:28,543 --> 00:27:30,683
All right, we have one more consent form.
548
00:27:30,718 --> 00:27:33,686
We do have permission now to give you some
549
00:27:33,721 --> 00:27:36,171
more results about your memory testing.
550
00:27:36,206 --> 00:27:38,587
So are you somebody
who would want to know...
551
00:27:38,622 --> 00:27:39,727
Yes... some more information
552
00:27:39,761 --> 00:27:41,073
if there was some cognitive
changes or not? Okay.
553
00:27:41,107 --> 00:27:44,007
So how this is going to work
is, Dr. Sager and the scientists
554
00:27:44,041 --> 00:27:46,112
will review your memory testing.
555
00:27:46,147 --> 00:27:47,286
If they see anything,
556
00:27:47,320 --> 00:27:49,909
they'll give you an overview
of the concerns.
557
00:27:49,944 --> 00:27:51,428
SIGRID:
When I failed
558
00:27:51,462 --> 00:27:55,294
to be able to reproduce these
figures on my piece of paper,
559
00:27:55,328 --> 00:27:59,919
and couldn't do it three times
and broke down and cried,
560
00:27:59,954 --> 00:28:03,889
I was convinced it had to be Alzheimer's.
561
00:28:03,923 --> 00:28:05,545
This was the beginning,
562
00:28:05,580 --> 00:28:07,375
this was the beginning of, of the end.
563
00:28:07,409 --> 00:28:09,860
And so when he called and said to me,
564
00:28:09,895 --> 00:28:15,348
um, "I don't see any signs
of early Alzheimer's,
565
00:28:15,383 --> 00:28:17,074
"but are there other things
566
00:28:17,109 --> 00:28:19,836
in your life that might be
causing this?"
567
00:28:19,870 --> 00:28:22,010
And I said, "Well,
568
00:28:22,045 --> 00:28:25,531
"my 46-year-old daughter
died of heart arrhythmia
569
00:28:25,565 --> 00:28:27,913
"very, you know, very suddenly
and unexpectedly,
570
00:28:27,947 --> 00:28:32,952
and it was such a shock,
and yes, I'm depressed."
571
00:28:32,987 --> 00:28:37,612
I'm trying to get to her,
the depression scores.
572
00:28:37,646 --> 00:28:39,579
Yeah, here we are.
573
00:28:43,135 --> 00:28:44,377
Depression and low mood,
574
00:28:44,412 --> 00:28:46,828
even anxiety and stress,
those things affect memory.
575
00:28:46,863 --> 00:28:50,729
Depressed mood can cause memory
dysfunction to such a degree
576
00:28:50,763 --> 00:28:53,076
that it can fool some physicians
into thinking
577
00:28:53,110 --> 00:28:54,905
it's Alzheimer's disease.
578
00:28:56,769 --> 00:28:58,840
SIGRID: And I thought,
"Okay, I gotta get depression
579
00:28:58,875 --> 00:29:01,636
off the table if I can."
580
00:29:01,670 --> 00:29:04,777
And also, you know, up my game,
so to speak, on exercise
581
00:29:04,812 --> 00:29:08,194
and things that I know might
delay Alzheimer's.
582
00:29:08,229 --> 00:29:09,471
TRAINER: Good, bend
the elbows a little bit,
583
00:29:09,506 --> 00:29:10,852
just like you had it.
584
00:29:10,887 --> 00:29:12,095
SIGRID:
Bend the elbows a little bit.
585
00:29:12,129 --> 00:29:14,683
TRAINER: There we go.
Good. Bring them up. Good.
586
00:29:14,718 --> 00:29:16,513
TRAINER:
Fine, chin up.
587
00:29:19,758 --> 00:29:21,587
Three.
588
00:29:21,621 --> 00:29:22,588
Nicely done!
589
00:29:22,622 --> 00:29:24,555
Are these light for you?
590
00:29:24,590 --> 00:29:26,316
I don't want to say that,
591
00:29:26,350 --> 00:29:27,558
because then you'll, you'll make
it harder. Yeah, I know. [laughs]
592
00:29:27,593 --> 00:29:29,802
Right there.
Good! Good!
593
00:29:29,837 --> 00:29:31,148
Right there. Perfect.
594
00:29:31,183 --> 00:29:34,220
Right where the forearm
and the bicep touch. Good!
595
00:29:34,255 --> 00:29:37,292
SIGRID: The thing that's going to
make me the most determined is this
596
00:29:37,327 --> 00:29:40,364
scare of becoming the next in my family
597
00:29:40,399 --> 00:29:42,953
to come down with Alzheimer's.
598
00:29:42,988 --> 00:29:46,577
♪
599
00:29:46,612 --> 00:29:47,958
NEWS REPORTER [on TV]:
Reporting live from Milwaukee,
600
00:29:47,993 --> 00:29:49,891
Crystal Gantner, Fox 6 News.
601
00:29:49,926 --> 00:29:51,410
Teachers are here, and again,
602
00:29:51,444 --> 00:29:52,825
everyone will be coming very shortly,
603
00:29:52,860 --> 00:29:54,793
because in just about 20 minutes,
604
00:29:54,827 --> 00:29:56,829
that's when that bell-ringing
ceremony is scheduled...
605
00:29:56,864 --> 00:29:57,830
KAREN:
Come on, people.
606
00:29:57,865 --> 00:30:00,937
Move, move.
607
00:30:00,971 --> 00:30:03,215
I better get my Boo-Boo to school.
608
00:30:03,249 --> 00:30:05,838
Don't call me that.
609
00:30:05,873 --> 00:30:07,184
What, Boo-Boo?
610
00:30:07,219 --> 00:30:10,843
No. Don't call me that.
611
00:30:10,878 --> 00:30:13,466
KAREN:
He's at that age, being 16,
612
00:30:13,501 --> 00:30:16,090
where, you know, they try to act
all tough.
613
00:30:16,124 --> 00:30:18,575
But here he's starting off
at a new school.
614
00:30:18,609 --> 00:30:20,784
He, I don't think, knows what to expect.
615
00:30:20,819 --> 00:30:23,822
I don't know.
616
00:30:23,856 --> 00:30:26,548
He wasn't really clueing me in
this morning.
617
00:30:26,583 --> 00:30:28,274
XAVIER:
All right. See you.
618
00:30:28,309 --> 00:30:30,863
KAREN: All right. I'll see you at 4:00.
619
00:30:30,898 --> 00:30:35,074
You're my baby.
620
00:30:35,109 --> 00:30:38,146
[calling]:
Bye, Boo-Boo!
621
00:30:38,181 --> 00:30:41,667
I know you hear me.
622
00:30:41,701 --> 00:30:48,087
[talking in background]
623
00:30:48,122 --> 00:30:50,641
WOMAN: Although the research is important,
624
00:30:50,676 --> 00:30:53,299
there's still reaching out
to the caregivers.
625
00:30:53,334 --> 00:30:55,370
-Because when you go down, who helps her?
WOMAN: That's right.
626
00:30:55,405 --> 00:30:58,304
GREEN-HARRIS: The caregiver
is the great denominator, right?
627
00:30:58,339 --> 00:30:59,996
And that's why we have the relationships
628
00:31:00,030 --> 00:31:02,136
with the folks around this table.
629
00:31:02,170 --> 00:31:04,863
Let's start talking about
what we're learning
630
00:31:04,897 --> 00:31:05,864
from that research.
631
00:31:05,898 --> 00:31:08,211
We do know that lifestyle
632
00:31:08,245 --> 00:31:11,559
and behavior changes,
eating modifications,
633
00:31:11,593 --> 00:31:14,251
we know that has some impact.
634
00:31:14,286 --> 00:31:20,257
With my mom, her diet changed
as her dementia progressed.
635
00:31:20,292 --> 00:31:23,743
Has someone looked at that difference?
636
00:31:23,778 --> 00:31:25,055
BENDLIN:
That's a really good question,
637
00:31:25,090 --> 00:31:27,471
and it's part of the reason
why we want to look at
638
00:31:27,506 --> 00:31:29,611
people who are healthier, as well,
639
00:31:29,646 --> 00:31:31,682
and may not have diet changes.
640
00:31:31,717 --> 00:31:34,582
KAREN:
Being part of this board is
641
00:31:34,616 --> 00:31:36,135
super-important for me.
642
00:31:36,170 --> 00:31:38,689
It gives me a sense of purpose.
643
00:31:38,724 --> 00:31:42,762
I'm not just, you know,
being a test subject,
644
00:31:42,797 --> 00:31:45,455
but having a voice.
645
00:31:45,489 --> 00:31:49,286
I believe that there will be
an intervention.
646
00:31:49,321 --> 00:31:51,875
There will also, at some point, be a cure.
647
00:31:51,910 --> 00:31:56,293
And I often liken what will
happen if we're not
648
00:31:56,328 --> 00:31:59,572
participating to what happened with things
649
00:31:59,607 --> 00:32:01,471
such as hypertension.
650
00:32:01,505 --> 00:32:04,750
Hypertension was studied
in, primarily, white males.
651
00:32:04,784 --> 00:32:06,959
When an intervention for hypertension
652
00:32:06,994 --> 00:32:10,480
was initially found,
it worked in white males.
653
00:32:10,514 --> 00:32:14,829
We want to be sure that
when there is something there,
654
00:32:14,863 --> 00:32:18,453
we have been in the numbers and
we will definitely be able to
655
00:32:18,488 --> 00:32:22,285
benefit from whatever intervention, cure
656
00:32:22,319 --> 00:32:26,392
comes from this research.
657
00:32:26,427 --> 00:32:30,362
OZIOMA OKONKWO: With
advance in age, the amount of atrophy
658
00:32:30,396 --> 00:32:33,503
that you see in the hippocampus
actually is minimal.
659
00:32:33,537 --> 00:32:36,885
Whereas when you look at those
individuals who do not meet
660
00:32:36,920 --> 00:32:39,164
the guidelines for being
physically active,
661
00:32:39,198 --> 00:32:42,132
that is when you tend to see
the most shrinkage
662
00:32:42,167 --> 00:32:45,032
in hippocampal volume over time.
663
00:32:45,066 --> 00:32:46,861
SAGER:
The data is really compelling.
664
00:32:46,895 --> 00:32:48,449
If you remember, about 33%
665
00:32:48,483 --> 00:32:50,278
of the population are considered
666
00:32:50,313 --> 00:32:51,693
physically inactive.
667
00:32:51,728 --> 00:32:55,525
And so, this is a huge
reversible, you know,
668
00:32:55,559 --> 00:32:57,906
-risk factor.
BENDLIN: Right, and so,
669
00:32:57,941 --> 00:32:59,287
what are the instructions?
670
00:32:59,322 --> 00:33:02,808
OKONKWO: So for this, you
put someone on a treadmill
671
00:33:02,842 --> 00:33:05,431
and have them walk or run until they
672
00:33:05,466 --> 00:33:09,090
are exhausted, you know, pretty much.
673
00:33:09,125 --> 00:33:11,437
SAGER: It takes about six to eight
minutes to do.
674
00:33:11,472 --> 00:33:13,336
And it requires a blood pressure, a pulse,
675
00:33:13,370 --> 00:33:16,132
and a stopwatch.
676
00:33:16,166 --> 00:33:17,754
That's it. And that's it.
677
00:33:17,788 --> 00:33:19,066
And two cones.
678
00:33:19,100 --> 00:33:20,101
And some cones.
679
00:33:20,136 --> 00:33:21,965
[all laughing]
680
00:33:22,000 --> 00:33:25,244
♪
681
00:33:25,279 --> 00:33:27,177
OKONKWO: This morning,
we're going to be working you
682
00:33:27,212 --> 00:33:30,560
real hard to see how hard and how far
683
00:33:30,594 --> 00:33:32,562
you can get before you...
684
00:33:32,596 --> 00:33:33,563
Pass out?
685
00:33:33,597 --> 00:33:34,874
Well, hopefully not! [laughing]
686
00:33:34,909 --> 00:33:37,256
During the exercise test,
you'll be wearing a mask
687
00:33:37,291 --> 00:33:38,775
that's kind of a blue, rubbery mask.
688
00:33:38,809 --> 00:33:42,227
SCHULTZ: And what that
does is, when you breathe in air,
689
00:33:42,261 --> 00:33:45,023
all the air that you exhale
will be captured
690
00:33:45,057 --> 00:33:48,474
and transmitted to a gas analyzer.
691
00:33:48,509 --> 00:33:50,752
JEAN: Ten percent, three-and-a-half.
692
00:33:50,787 --> 00:33:52,789
SCHULTZ:
And that gives us a really good
693
00:33:52,823 --> 00:33:54,653
indication of overall physical fitness.
694
00:33:54,687 --> 00:33:56,241
JEAN:
42! Thank you!
695
00:33:56,275 --> 00:33:58,691
SCHULTZ: Then we can
use this data to relate it to
696
00:33:58,726 --> 00:34:00,969
some of your other measures that
you've been collected in.
697
00:34:01,004 --> 00:34:04,594
So we can relate
physical fitness to cognition.
698
00:34:04,628 --> 00:34:06,182
BARB: Whew!
699
00:34:07,424 --> 00:34:08,701
Good job!
700
00:34:10,186 --> 00:34:13,568
Five percent, three miles an hour.
701
00:34:13,603 --> 00:34:16,364
OKONKWO: Physical
inactivity is well known to be
702
00:34:16,399 --> 00:34:18,021
a modifiable risk factor
703
00:34:18,056 --> 00:34:20,920
for all kinds of cognitive
changes in late life.
704
00:34:20,955 --> 00:34:22,715
Okay, we're going to go up another hill.
705
00:34:22,750 --> 00:34:25,063
Nice, even, big breaths.
706
00:34:29,170 --> 00:34:31,103
Nice work.
707
00:34:32,932 --> 00:34:34,279
OKONKWO:
And the measurement
708
00:34:34,313 --> 00:34:38,766
of the highest oxygen inhalation
that we were able to record
709
00:34:38,800 --> 00:34:42,045
has been shown to correlate
with a slower rate
710
00:34:42,080 --> 00:34:44,427
of cognitive change in late life.
711
00:34:44,461 --> 00:34:45,704
There you go!
712
00:34:45,738 --> 00:34:46,705
Excellent work!
713
00:34:46,739 --> 00:34:47,844
Whoo!
714
00:34:47,878 --> 00:34:49,259
You killed that, that test.
You killed it.
715
00:34:49,294 --> 00:34:50,640
[Sigrid chuckling]
716
00:34:50,674 --> 00:34:53,194
That, that is one of the best
tests we've ever had here.
717
00:34:53,229 --> 00:34:54,368
Absolutely, it was.
718
00:34:54,402 --> 00:34:55,472
You killed it.
719
00:34:55,507 --> 00:34:56,646
You're very kind. You killed it.
720
00:34:56,680 --> 00:35:00,098
You went as high up
as one could possibly go.
721
00:35:00,132 --> 00:35:03,239
♪
722
00:35:03,273 --> 00:35:06,587
DAVID: You!
723
00:35:06,621 --> 00:35:09,417
You are a frenzy of activity.
724
00:35:09,452 --> 00:35:13,111
SIGRID: I think you really do
need to think about exercising.
725
00:35:13,145 --> 00:35:15,561
DAVID:
Mm-hmm. Yeah, that's true.
726
00:35:15,596 --> 00:35:17,563
But the more time you exercise,
727
00:35:17,598 --> 00:35:19,531
and then you're tired at the end of it.
728
00:35:19,565 --> 00:35:21,153
And so your, that...
729
00:35:21,188 --> 00:35:24,052
That moment of mental...
730
00:35:24,087 --> 00:35:25,192
SIGRID: I'm not tired.
731
00:35:25,226 --> 00:35:27,366
I, I just exercised.
732
00:35:27,401 --> 00:35:28,885
DAVID: I get tired at the end of it.
SIGRID: I know.
733
00:35:28,919 --> 00:35:30,369
I just exercised,
734
00:35:30,404 --> 00:35:34,891
and what it does is, it boosts my energy.
735
00:35:34,925 --> 00:35:36,962
What it does to me is,
I want to take a nap.
736
00:35:36,996 --> 00:35:39,758
[laughs] But maybe if you exercise more...
737
00:35:39,792 --> 00:35:41,380
I want to move around mentally.
738
00:35:41,415 --> 00:35:42,485
That's, I mean...
739
00:35:42,519 --> 00:35:44,211
No, you still have to
physically move around.
740
00:35:44,245 --> 00:35:46,213
You have to physically move around.
741
00:35:46,247 --> 00:35:48,007
And circulate, you know,
742
00:35:48,042 --> 00:35:49,906
the blood throughout your whole body.
743
00:35:49,940 --> 00:35:51,839
Studies are showing you
shouldn't sit more than for,
744
00:35:51,873 --> 00:35:54,842
for, you know, 30 minutes or something,
745
00:35:54,876 --> 00:36:00,088
and you're supposed to
get up and move around.
746
00:36:00,123 --> 00:36:03,230
CHORUS:
♪ Jingle bells, jingle bells ♪
747
00:36:03,264 --> 00:36:07,061
♪ Jingle all the way ♪
748
00:36:07,095 --> 00:36:11,790
♪ Oh, what fun it is to ride ♪
749
00:36:11,824 --> 00:36:13,550
♪ In a one-horse open sleigh ♪
750
00:36:13,585 --> 00:36:15,207
♪ Hey ♪
751
00:36:15,242 --> 00:36:19,073
♪ Jingle bells, jingle bells ♪
752
00:36:19,107 --> 00:36:22,973
♪ Jingle all the way ♪
753
00:36:23,008 --> 00:36:27,668
♪ Oh, what fun it is to ride ♪
754
00:36:27,702 --> 00:36:33,536
♪ In a one-horse open sleigh ♪
755
00:36:33,570 --> 00:36:35,123
[cheers and applause]
756
00:36:35,158 --> 00:36:37,609
GREEN-HARRIS: A
diagnosis of Alzheimer's disease
757
00:36:37,643 --> 00:36:38,989
does not mean a death sentence.
758
00:36:39,024 --> 00:36:41,544
You can still have quality of life!
759
00:36:41,578 --> 00:36:43,442
And caregivers need support.
760
00:36:43,477 --> 00:36:45,306
We're here to support that.
761
00:36:45,341 --> 00:36:48,551
If I see somebody in need,
I want to be there for 'em.
762
00:36:48,585 --> 00:36:51,485
'Cause I would want somebody
to be there for me.
763
00:36:51,519 --> 00:36:52,693
♪
764
00:36:52,727 --> 00:36:53,694
BARB:
Come see Auntie Barb!
765
00:36:53,728 --> 00:36:54,695
Come see Auntie Barb!
766
00:36:54,729 --> 00:36:55,903
[gasps]
767
00:36:55,937 --> 00:36:57,560
Peeks! Peeks!
768
00:36:57,594 --> 00:37:00,252
BARB:
We were trying to count
769
00:37:00,287 --> 00:37:01,702
great-grandchildren last night.
770
00:37:01,736 --> 00:37:03,738
I ran out at 15.
771
00:37:03,773 --> 00:37:05,878
No, Nana-Banana!
772
00:37:05,913 --> 00:37:08,087
She's putting something
on top of Gavin's head,
773
00:37:08,122 --> 00:37:10,055
and he's saying,
"Look at my head."
774
00:37:10,089 --> 00:37:11,229
[chuckles]
775
00:37:11,263 --> 00:37:12,471
Okay, there it is, Mama.
776
00:37:12,506 --> 00:37:14,266
[child shrieking, laughing]
777
00:37:14,301 --> 00:37:15,543
Sippy.
778
00:37:15,578 --> 00:37:17,959
DOREN:
Hey, hey, hey...
779
00:37:17,994 --> 00:37:19,340
Quiet down a little bit.
780
00:37:19,375 --> 00:37:23,551
Sue and I always make the
appointment at the same time.
781
00:37:23,586 --> 00:37:26,209
And then we go and have our brains tested.
782
00:37:26,244 --> 00:37:28,418
That's what I call it.
783
00:37:28,453 --> 00:37:29,902
We play games.
784
00:37:29,937 --> 00:37:32,250
BARB:
Okay, everybody smile.
785
00:37:32,284 --> 00:37:34,493
Ada Potato, are you showing your biceps?
786
00:37:34,528 --> 00:37:37,082
[all laughing] You got muscles there?
787
00:37:37,116 --> 00:37:38,083
[laughing]
788
00:37:38,117 --> 00:37:41,017
Oooh!
Look at those pretty eyes!
789
00:37:41,051 --> 00:37:42,536
BARB:
Well, look at that! Yeah!
790
00:37:42,570 --> 00:37:44,123
She is in there after all.
791
00:37:44,158 --> 00:37:46,125
You've pretty eyes, ain't you, honey?
792
00:37:46,160 --> 00:37:48,127
Yeah.
793
00:37:48,162 --> 00:37:50,440
Yeah. Daddy's sweetheart,
aren't ya?
794
00:37:50,475 --> 00:37:52,131
[babbling]
795
00:37:52,166 --> 00:37:57,102
[wind blowing, birds twittering]
796
00:38:02,245 --> 00:38:07,250
♪
797
00:38:10,840 --> 00:38:15,741
[birds twittering]
798
00:38:27,339 --> 00:38:30,273
DOREN:
I knew it was coming.
799
00:38:33,897 --> 00:38:36,693
Yup, the last four days...
800
00:38:39,213 --> 00:38:41,146
It was terrible.
801
00:38:45,357 --> 00:38:47,290
[smacks lips]
802
00:38:57,956 --> 00:38:59,923
[speaks softly] Okay.
803
00:39:02,098 --> 00:39:06,171
Dust to dust, ashes to ashes.
804
00:39:06,205 --> 00:39:09,139
[weeping]
805
00:39:13,661 --> 00:39:16,215
It's okay.
806
00:39:16,250 --> 00:39:19,357
[weeping]
807
00:39:19,391 --> 00:39:21,359
MAN: Would you like me to
walk her out for you, Doren,
808
00:39:21,393 --> 00:39:23,291
or would you like to take Irene?
809
00:39:23,326 --> 00:39:24,327
No, I'll carry her out.
810
00:39:24,362 --> 00:39:25,466
I'll take her.
811
00:39:25,501 --> 00:39:29,159
You let me know
when you're ready. Okay?
812
00:39:39,342 --> 00:39:42,172
BARB: Monday morning,
when we brought hospice in,
813
00:39:42,207 --> 00:39:44,036
you could see a grimace on her face.
814
00:39:44,071 --> 00:39:46,798
So you could tell that she was having pain
815
00:39:46,832 --> 00:39:48,765
and she wasn't able to eat.
816
00:39:53,183 --> 00:39:54,840
Yeah, look it.
Isn't it beautiful?
817
00:39:54,875 --> 00:39:58,741
Oh, wow, that is very beautiful.
818
00:39:58,775 --> 00:40:01,468
BARB:
Oh, I've never seen that one.
819
00:40:01,502 --> 00:40:03,918
DOREN: We both put
on a little weight there.
820
00:40:03,953 --> 00:40:06,265
BARB:
Look at how curly her hair was.
821
00:40:06,300 --> 00:40:09,648
DOREN:
Ah, she, she was curly-headed.
822
00:40:09,683 --> 00:40:11,719
[Barb chuckles] DOREN:
That's a cutie.
823
00:40:11,754 --> 00:40:13,652
BARB:
I love her smile.
824
00:40:13,687 --> 00:40:15,689
[laughing]:
That's you!
825
00:40:15,723 --> 00:40:17,000
Oh, I know it.
826
00:40:17,035 --> 00:40:20,866
1984.
827
00:40:20,901 --> 00:40:22,868
CONGREGATION:
♪ And He walks ♪
828
00:40:22,903 --> 00:40:27,010
♪ With me
and He talks with me ♪
829
00:40:27,045 --> 00:40:32,464
♪ And He tells me I am His own ♪
830
00:40:32,499 --> 00:40:36,088
♪ And the joy we share ♪
831
00:40:36,123 --> 00:40:39,885
♪ As we tarry there ♪
832
00:40:39,920 --> 00:40:46,582
♪ None other has ever known ♪
833
00:40:46,616 --> 00:40:47,548
[song ends]
834
00:40:55,798 --> 00:41:00,734
[birds twittering]
835
00:41:09,881 --> 00:41:11,538
ADAM GONZALES:
The setting is the annex.
836
00:41:11,572 --> 00:41:12,711
When they say an "annex,"
837
00:41:12,746 --> 00:41:14,955
it means a secret hiding place.
838
00:41:14,989 --> 00:41:16,059
GIRL:
That's Anne?
839
00:41:16,094 --> 00:41:18,545
That is Anne.
That's Anne Frank.
840
00:41:18,579 --> 00:41:21,617
Anne Frank had something in her
841
00:41:21,651 --> 00:41:23,895
that not a lot of people today have:
842
00:41:23,929 --> 00:41:27,450
a positive outlook on everybody
and everything.
843
00:41:27,485 --> 00:41:31,005
KAREN: He's never been a behavior issue.
844
00:41:31,040 --> 00:41:34,837
Just, teachers are concerned
845
00:41:34,871 --> 00:41:37,425
because he wouldn't talk.
846
00:41:37,460 --> 00:41:41,360
He's actually tried to
answer questions in class.
847
00:41:41,395 --> 00:41:42,983
Raise his hand a little bit more.
848
00:41:43,017 --> 00:41:44,053
Say some things.
849
00:41:44,087 --> 00:41:46,296
It's not...
We can still go further.
850
00:41:46,331 --> 00:41:48,851
But I can clearly see
that he has been trying.
851
00:41:48,885 --> 00:41:51,060
And that's a good start.
852
00:41:51,094 --> 00:41:55,133
♪
853
00:42:09,250 --> 00:42:10,942
She weighed 40 kilograms.
854
00:42:12,322 --> 00:42:16,223
She's appearing older than
the stated age of 73 years.
855
00:42:20,641 --> 00:42:23,299
"The hippocampal sections
of left and right
856
00:42:23,333 --> 00:42:25,715
"[C and R, respectively] are remarkable
857
00:42:25,750 --> 00:42:29,477
for attenuation
of the fornix..."
858
00:42:29,512 --> 00:42:34,966
♪
859
00:42:35,000 --> 00:42:37,624
SIGRID: Oh, good,
it's not too busy.
860
00:42:37,658 --> 00:42:40,730
[exhaling]
861
00:42:40,765 --> 00:42:44,803
DAVID: Some people just get a
buzz out of the whole thing, and
862
00:42:44,838 --> 00:42:47,599
I've never been a gym person.
[laughs]
863
00:42:47,634 --> 00:42:49,808
♪
864
00:42:49,843 --> 00:42:51,361
DAVID [breathing heavily]:
Well, you're still standing, so...
865
00:42:51,396 --> 00:42:54,226
SIGRID [breathing heavily]:
Well, yeah, I'm still standing.
866
00:42:56,781 --> 00:42:59,507
How is your heart rate now?
867
00:42:59,542 --> 00:43:01,717
125. Good!
868
00:43:03,926 --> 00:43:06,998
♪
869
00:43:07,032 --> 00:43:10,415
[birds twittering]
870
00:43:10,449 --> 00:43:13,867
So this person was 61
when they started with WRAP.
871
00:43:13,901 --> 00:43:15,903
They're 73 now.
872
00:43:15,938 --> 00:43:18,630
Ton of amyloid.
873
00:43:18,665 --> 00:43:21,909
The participant doesn't report
any memory problems.
874
00:43:21,944 --> 00:43:25,292
There may be some opportunities
here to study
875
00:43:25,326 --> 00:43:27,570
what is it that makes a person
876
00:43:27,605 --> 00:43:30,538
steady over time
in the presence of disease.
877
00:43:30,573 --> 00:43:33,369
It's very interesting seeing
how some of the things
878
00:43:33,403 --> 00:43:34,681
that people do every day
879
00:43:34,715 --> 00:43:36,648
are actually very critical.
880
00:43:36,683 --> 00:43:37,960
Do you read newspapers?
881
00:43:37,994 --> 00:43:39,306
Or play games?
882
00:43:39,340 --> 00:43:41,032
Puzzles, checkers?
883
00:43:41,066 --> 00:43:42,896
The findings have been compelling that
884
00:43:42,930 --> 00:43:45,864
the things that you do
to keep your brain engaged
885
00:43:45,899 --> 00:43:48,177
actually do kind of help you
886
00:43:48,211 --> 00:43:51,870
push back against what one
might have expected.
887
00:43:51,905 --> 00:43:54,079
It will be curious to see how all of this
888
00:43:54,114 --> 00:43:56,150
pans out in the WRAP sample over time.
889
00:43:56,185 --> 00:43:59,188
♪
890
00:43:59,222 --> 00:44:01,052
Draw the lines as fast as you can.
891
00:44:01,086 --> 00:44:03,710
Ready... Begin.
892
00:44:03,744 --> 00:44:08,956
♪
893
00:44:14,479 --> 00:44:16,377
MAN: I'm wondering if
any of you can touch on any
894
00:44:16,412 --> 00:44:19,415
evidence we have of the reversibility
895
00:44:19,449 --> 00:44:23,212
or at least the ability to slow
the onset or progression.
896
00:44:23,246 --> 00:44:27,388
Let's say we have a biomarker
or we identify people at risk.
897
00:44:27,423 --> 00:44:30,702
What can we do if they then,
as a 55-year-old,
898
00:44:30,737 --> 00:44:32,324
improve those?
899
00:44:32,359 --> 00:44:34,257
JOHNSON:
We've seen that people who have
900
00:44:34,292 --> 00:44:36,363
certain healthy lifestyle patterns...
901
00:44:36,397 --> 00:44:37,709
sleeping well,
902
00:44:37,744 --> 00:44:40,574
keeping cognitively and
physically fit and active,
903
00:44:40,608 --> 00:44:44,405
modifiable things like
hypertension, diabetes...
904
00:44:44,440 --> 00:44:47,132
and it may be that if we can
treat these things effectively,
905
00:44:47,167 --> 00:44:50,618
that may slow the progression
of Alzheimer's pathology.
906
00:44:50,653 --> 00:44:53,898
This is tremendously important,
because it tells us
907
00:44:53,932 --> 00:44:57,177
that there may be an avenue
of slowing down this disease
908
00:44:57,211 --> 00:45:01,077
in midlife, or in fact,
preventing it entirely.
909
00:45:01,112 --> 00:45:05,426
BENDLIN: In our studies,
we've seen effects on the brain
910
00:45:05,461 --> 00:45:08,740
of a lot of different modifiable factors.
911
00:45:08,775 --> 00:45:12,640
That said, you can do all those
things right and
912
00:45:12,675 --> 00:45:15,747
you might still develop dementia.
913
00:45:17,749 --> 00:45:19,371
DAVID:
Let us get onto breakfast.
914
00:45:19,406 --> 00:45:20,925
[Sigrid laughs] Bring me my breakfast!
915
00:45:20,959 --> 00:45:22,961
Frozen kale from our garden.
916
00:45:22,996 --> 00:45:25,895
[blender whirring]
917
00:45:28,311 --> 00:45:31,349
So today,
918
00:45:31,383 --> 00:45:35,733
as I understand it,
they're going to inject...
919
00:45:35,767 --> 00:45:38,666
It's not like, it's not like a
dye, it's actually...
920
00:45:38,701 --> 00:45:42,256
She explained sort of like radiation?
921
00:45:42,291 --> 00:45:45,087
Some form of, you know, radiation?
922
00:45:45,121 --> 00:45:47,779
CARLSSON:
What we're doing today is,
923
00:45:47,814 --> 00:45:50,920
Sigrid's coming in to be
evaluated for participation
924
00:45:50,955 --> 00:45:53,060
in a clinical drug trial.
925
00:45:53,095 --> 00:45:55,683
If she has any amyloid build-up
in her brain,
926
00:45:55,718 --> 00:45:58,031
then she'll be eligible
to receive this medicine
927
00:45:58,065 --> 00:46:00,447
that'll help clear out some of
that amyloid.
928
00:46:00,481 --> 00:46:02,967
And then we'll see if the
medicine not only clears out
929
00:46:03,001 --> 00:46:04,589
the amyloid, but more importantly,
930
00:46:04,623 --> 00:46:07,834
if it helps protect her thinking
abilities over time.
931
00:46:07,868 --> 00:46:10,768
♪
932
00:46:10,802 --> 00:46:12,148
WOMAN:
It's a good reminder... Mm-hmm.
933
00:46:12,183 --> 00:46:14,564
...that
when you speak, not to...
934
00:46:14,599 --> 00:46:17,015
...move your head.
935
00:46:17,050 --> 00:46:22,331
And Sigrid, I am now injecting
very slowly.
936
00:46:22,365 --> 00:46:24,264
And Sandy has started
the scanner, so we're
937
00:46:24,298 --> 00:46:28,716
starting the imaging right now.
938
00:46:30,891 --> 00:46:33,169
SIGRID [voiceover]: It's
going to be physical evidence.
939
00:46:33,204 --> 00:46:38,209
They are gonna sit down with me
and they'll go over the results.
940
00:46:38,243 --> 00:46:42,247
That will be very difficult.
941
00:46:42,282 --> 00:46:43,904
This is one of the most
important studies being done
942
00:46:43,939 --> 00:46:46,942
worldwide right now for
Alzheimer's prevention.
943
00:46:46,976 --> 00:46:49,323
I think it's going to be
a critical point in time
944
00:46:49,358 --> 00:46:51,739
for us to see, if we get rid of amyloid,
945
00:46:51,774 --> 00:46:54,915
does it really help prevent
Alzheimer's disease?
946
00:46:54,950 --> 00:46:56,883
And if we get rid of the amyloid
947
00:46:56,917 --> 00:46:58,298
and it doesn't help thinking abilities,
948
00:46:58,332 --> 00:47:00,576
and doesn't help people,
then that's going to give us
949
00:47:00,610 --> 00:47:03,372
a kickstart to go look in a
different direction.
950
00:47:03,406 --> 00:47:04,787
Hi! Good to see you!
951
00:47:04,822 --> 00:47:07,652
Hi, good to see you. [speaks softly]
952
00:47:09,792 --> 00:47:11,621
CARLSSON:
These are two separate people.
953
00:47:11,656 --> 00:47:15,177
So this is one single individual
at one point in time.
954
00:47:15,211 --> 00:47:17,179
And this another individual.
955
00:47:17,213 --> 00:47:19,491
And both of these people
have Alzheimer's disease.
956
00:47:19,526 --> 00:47:22,667
They've had memory symptoms
for probably years.
957
00:47:22,701 --> 00:47:25,670
They've had amyloid build-up in
the brain for probably decades.
958
00:47:25,704 --> 00:47:27,361
The warmer colors...
so yellow, oranges,
959
00:47:27,396 --> 00:47:28,949
and especially the reds...
960
00:47:28,984 --> 00:47:31,745
those are the areas where
there's some amyloid build-up.
961
00:47:31,779 --> 00:47:36,336
Now, these two people
are both healthy older adults.
962
00:47:36,370 --> 00:47:37,958
This person has some amyloid
build-up, though.
963
00:47:37,993 --> 00:47:41,513
You can see that there are
some areas that have some red.
964
00:47:41,548 --> 00:47:43,101
Some warmer colors.
965
00:47:43,136 --> 00:47:45,345
But they don't have any memory problems.
966
00:47:45,379 --> 00:47:47,795
And they do not have Alzheimer's disease.
967
00:47:47,830 --> 00:47:51,247
So, at this point, again,
968
00:47:51,282 --> 00:47:53,077
you are in this category.
969
00:47:53,111 --> 00:47:55,424
SIGRID:
You're kidding!
970
00:47:55,458 --> 00:47:56,528
CARLSSON:
No, I'm not.
971
00:47:56,563 --> 00:47:58,289
Am I ever happy.
972
00:47:58,323 --> 00:48:01,119
[laughing]: We can go out for fish
tonight and drink double Manhattans!
973
00:48:01,154 --> 00:48:03,294
All right,
but you'll miss all the fun. Oh!
974
00:48:03,328 --> 00:48:05,468
That is huge.
975
00:48:05,503 --> 00:48:07,850
Huge!
976
00:48:07,885 --> 00:48:08,851
Huge!
977
00:48:08,886 --> 00:48:09,921
Sigrid is rejected. Yeah.
978
00:48:09,956 --> 00:48:11,716
Sigrid is rejected!
979
00:48:11,750 --> 00:48:12,924
Huge.
980
00:48:12,959 --> 00:48:14,132
Yes. Very good. Good to see you.
981
00:48:14,167 --> 00:48:16,203
Enjoyed it. Okay. Yes. Good news.
982
00:48:16,238 --> 00:48:18,067
Enjoyed it. Yeah.
Enjoyed it.
983
00:48:18,102 --> 00:48:19,344
[laughing]
984
00:48:19,379 --> 00:48:20,621
-Something to enjoy.
CARLSSON: That's right.
985
00:48:20,656 --> 00:48:21,691
All right. You take care.
986
00:48:21,726 --> 00:48:23,314
I'll send Ben back in.
987
00:48:23,348 --> 00:48:24,625
GLORIA GAYNOR: ♪ I could
never live without you by my side ♪
988
00:48:24,660 --> 00:48:26,179
Give me a kiss.
989
00:48:26,213 --> 00:48:29,044
♪ But then I spent
so many nights ♪
990
00:48:29,078 --> 00:48:30,079
Good job, Sigrid!
991
00:48:30,114 --> 00:48:32,081
Who knows what's lurking in my brain?
992
00:48:32,116 --> 00:48:34,601
I know!
993
00:48:34,635 --> 00:48:35,809
♪ But now you're back ♪
994
00:48:35,843 --> 00:48:38,467
♪ From outer space ♪
995
00:48:38,501 --> 00:48:39,951
♪ I just walked in
to find you here ♪
996
00:48:39,986 --> 00:48:42,367
♪ With that sad look
upon your face ♪
997
00:48:42,402 --> 00:48:43,990
♪ I should have changed
that stupid lock ♪
998
00:48:44,024 --> 00:48:45,992
♪ I should have made you leave
your key ♪
999
00:48:46,026 --> 00:48:47,269
♪ If I'd have known
for just one second ♪
1000
00:48:47,303 --> 00:48:48,477
♪ You'd be back to bother me ♪
1001
00:48:48,511 --> 00:48:51,790
Well, I guess the question is,
where's the car?
1002
00:48:51,825 --> 00:48:52,930
[laughing]: Yeah.
1003
00:48:52,964 --> 00:48:56,209
You sure you've got the ticket?
1004
00:48:56,243 --> 00:48:58,038
I've missed ya.
1005
00:48:58,073 --> 00:48:59,695
Thought about you lots.
1006
00:48:59,729 --> 00:49:01,317
Oh? Think about calling you
at 5:30 in the morning.
1007
00:49:01,352 --> 00:49:03,595
-Well, I'm probably laying there awake.
-And then I figure,
1008
00:49:03,630 --> 00:49:05,494
- "I think he's sleeping."
-No.
1009
00:49:05,528 --> 00:49:07,634
WOMAN:
One, two, three.
1010
00:49:07,668 --> 00:49:08,980
SUE:
Irene's Sunbeams.
1011
00:49:09,015 --> 00:49:09,981
CRICKET:
Thanks.
1012
00:49:10,016 --> 00:49:12,052
[laughing]
1013
00:49:12,087 --> 00:49:14,261
BARB:
Whoo!
1014
00:49:14,296 --> 00:49:15,262
Keep going, right?
1015
00:49:15,297 --> 00:49:16,263
Speed up?
1016
00:49:16,298 --> 00:49:17,471
[car horn honks]
1017
00:49:18,645 --> 00:49:21,096
GIRL:
Hi, Grandpa!
1018
00:49:21,130 --> 00:49:24,962
DOREN:
We got quite a family.
1019
00:49:24,996 --> 00:49:29,932
[shrieking, laughing]
1020
00:49:40,253 --> 00:49:43,877
["Pomp and Circumstance" playing]
1021
00:49:43,911 --> 00:49:47,467
[people talking in background]
1022
00:49:54,819 --> 00:49:56,890
[cheering, whistling]
1023
00:49:56,924 --> 00:49:58,202
All right.
1024
00:49:58,236 --> 00:49:59,720
Now it's time.
1025
00:49:59,755 --> 00:50:03,724
The NOVA, NOVA Tech graduates!
1026
00:50:03,759 --> 00:50:04,725
[cheers and applause]
1027
00:50:04,760 --> 00:50:06,279
Keanu Avery.
1028
00:50:06,313 --> 00:50:07,797
[cheers and applause]
1029
00:50:07,832 --> 00:50:10,248
Kevin McCall!
1030
00:50:10,283 --> 00:50:13,286
[cheers and applause]
1031
00:50:13,320 --> 00:50:15,046
And our salutatorian,
1032
00:50:15,081 --> 00:50:17,290
number two in the class,
1033
00:50:17,324 --> 00:50:21,052
Xavier McElwee Lloyd!
1034
00:50:21,087 --> 00:50:23,951
[cheers and applause]
1035
00:50:23,986 --> 00:50:28,473
[cheering and yelling in background]
1036
00:50:31,269 --> 00:50:36,516
[people talking in background]
1037
00:50:36,550 --> 00:50:40,485
I'm so very proud of you.
1038
00:50:40,520 --> 00:50:43,592
I love you.
1039
00:50:43,626 --> 00:50:44,662
KAREN:
He's my Boo-Boo.
1040
00:50:44,696 --> 00:50:45,939
He's my Boo-Boo.
1041
00:50:45,973 --> 00:50:47,803
He's my Boo-Boo. I'm a man. I'm a man.
1042
00:50:47,837 --> 00:50:48,769
I ain't no Boo-Boo.
1043
00:50:50,047 --> 00:50:51,186
Mama, I made it.
1044
00:50:51,220 --> 00:50:52,428
Yes, you made it.
1045
00:50:52,463 --> 00:50:56,225
[cheers and applause]
1046
00:50:56,260 --> 00:51:00,333
If it hits my mom,
I just want to have that cure
1047
00:51:00,367 --> 00:51:03,922
that I could just give it to her.
1048
00:51:03,957 --> 00:51:06,373
I'm actually glad that
she's trying to help
1049
00:51:06,408 --> 00:51:08,789
people with Alzheimer's.
1050
00:51:08,824 --> 00:51:10,377
I'm proud of it.
1051
00:51:10,412 --> 00:51:15,348
♪
1052
00:51:24,288 --> 00:51:28,809
To think that this disease
was first described in 1906
1053
00:51:28,844 --> 00:51:35,161
and we didn't even have a
diagnostic criteria till 1984.
1054
00:51:35,195 --> 00:51:38,198
Like, how to actually say that
someone has Alzheimer's
1055
00:51:38,233 --> 00:51:40,442
took almost 100 years.
1056
00:51:40,476 --> 00:51:42,789
And then to think of all we've learned,
1057
00:51:42,823 --> 00:51:44,549
this is quantum leaps.
1058
00:51:44,584 --> 00:51:49,520
♪
78507
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