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And so the world did burn.
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A raging firestorm
that spread across the land.
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And for some,
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it would end.
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But in that white-hot heat,
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which loyalties would crack?
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And which would be forged anew?
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Darius had already been beaten
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{\an8}very badly at Issus,
and so, he had been retreating.
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He'd lost large chunks of his empire.
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His family was in hostage to Alexander,
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so, he tried to broker a deal
with Alexander,
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offering him half the empire,
untold wealth,
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and the hand of his daughter in marriage.
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Barsine had actually
been betrothed to Mazaeus,
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so, the fact that Darius was willing
to give his daughter to Alexander
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{\an8}really shows that Darius
is trying everything at his disposal
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{\an8}to prevent this war from continuing.
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Alexander sent a reply
that he was not interested in anything...
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- No.
- ...that Darius was offering.
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But he sends this letter through Mazaeus
so that Mazaeus is able to see
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that Darius is willing
to be disloyal to his own men
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in exchange for peace with Alexander.
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A messenger delivered this.
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Direct from Alexander.
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It seems you have your answer, my king.
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As a result of Alexander
rejecting Darius's peace offer,
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there will now be one final showdown
at Gaugamela in modern-day Iraq.
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Gaugamela, without a doubt,
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{\an8}is one of those moments in history.
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It is the moment when
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the future of the world is decided.
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And so, the battle breaks
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in storming chaos.
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Troops inflamed,
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slashing each other with bronze.
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Charge!
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But the wise man knows...
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...you can crush your enemy with strategy...
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...or with sheer force of will.
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On paper, Darius should have
this battle won before it even begins.
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He has ten times as many men as Alexander.
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What Alexander does
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is kick things off from the right.
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He actually draws the Persians out
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further and further
and further to the right,
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pulling the Persian line apart.
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General Parmenion,
attack their right flank.
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Cavalry, follow me! Yah!
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We have Parmenion
trying to defend the left side
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of the Macedonian army against Mazaeus.
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But they are outnumbered,
there are gaps opening up,
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and Parmenion is struggling.
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He's leaving their center exposed.
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General Mazaeus! Quickly!
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Counter the cavalry on the right.
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On me!
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Darius responds to this action
by sending chariots
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right into the Macedonian phalanx.
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But they're too smart for that,
and they simply open gaps in the line
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and let them ride right through.
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Meanwhile, Alexander is still fighting
on the Macedonian right.
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His opening tactics to split apart
the Persian lines have worked,
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and a gap has now opened up.
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Hold the line!
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This is our moment.
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He charges at Darius, who is, of course,
at the heart of the Persian army.
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Darius sees Alexander coming to him,
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and I suppose
there's a sense of déjà vu here.
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Here we go again.
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He needs to get away
from Alexander as quickly as he can.
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Many people think, "Oh my God.
This is an act of great cowardice."
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But this is actually an act of statecraft,
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because if the king dies,
then that's the end of the empire.
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When they finally surrender
to the whim of the gods,
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and when those gods stride forth
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in all their blazing power...
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Guards, stop them!
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...what mortal man can compete?
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Alexander...
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Alexander.
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Their commanders have taken flight.
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Not even Achilles
could dream of such a triumph.
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Alexander?
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Seeing Darius flee from the battlefield,
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his old colleague, Mazaeus, also flees.
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Cavalry! On my mark, follow me!
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This moment must have been one of both
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sheer elation and ecstasy for Alexander,
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but also incredible frustration,
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because this is the closest
he has come to owning Persia.
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But he still can't catch Darius.
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And it's not over
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until Darius is dealt with.
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Gather as many men as you can.
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Babylon has surely fallen.
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We head east, deeper into the empire,
and raise a new army.
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Persia will never capitulate.
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Ha!
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My king.
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Ha! Ha!
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Mazaeus has no inclination
to follow Darius,
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{\an8}and instead, he heads back
to the city of Babylon,
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{\an8}the city, of course,
he governs as satrap.
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{\an8}Not far behind him
rides Alexander and his inner circle,
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and they too enter into Babylon,
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this jewel of all Persian cities.
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It is quite extraordinary
that this young general, Alexander,
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has conquered Egypt,
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marched through most of the Middle East,
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and now has arrived
at the gates of Babylon.
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And now, that too has fallen to him.
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It would have been unthinkable
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when people first saw
Alexander marching out of Macedon
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that he would achieve so much
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in such a short amount of time.
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You're not gonna take his seat?
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Alex.
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Do you remember?
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At the shrine in Troy, you were so worried
you could never be like Achilles.
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You could never be
"a lionheart who mauls battalions."
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I didn't worry for one second.
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Look at you now,
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hey?
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Stop. Please.
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What?
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You want me to kneel
before the King of Asia?
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I said stop.
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I will not sit,
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because it is not yet mine, Heph.
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Victory is total.
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Alex, you have his throne.
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His city.
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His family.
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What else is there?
You even have his dreams.
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But he is still out there.
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The King of Persia.
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And until I deal with that,
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I'm the king of nothing.
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Barsine.
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Mazaeus.
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And where is my father?
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With any luck,
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he's now as dead as a dog.
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What?
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Did you think
you would just walk off into the sunset?
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I... I made my choice.
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- Come with us.
- I will surrender to Alexander.
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It's time for you to kneel
in front of the new King of Asia.
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Come on.
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My king.
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Your royal baggage.
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Look at that, Ptolemy.
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Someone has toppled
the brutal Persian conqueror.
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There is a story that's related
that says that Alexander finds
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a statue of Xerxes, and Xerxes,
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{\an8}for Alexander, of course,
is the great king
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{\an8}who led the second invasion of Greece
and sacked the Acropolis.
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He has this internal dialogue
where he's torn
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about what to do about this statue.
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It does exemplify Alexander's
deeper anxiety, shall we say, at this time
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of his relationship with the Persians.
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Shall I leave you lying there because
of the expeditions you led against Greece?
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Or shall I pick you up
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because of your virtues in other respects?
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Sir.
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May I humbly suggest
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a war is no true measure of man,
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but that only in a life of public service
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can he be judged.
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Then perhaps you can help me
return this to its rightful place.
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This is my decree.
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If your citizens offer no resistance,
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there will be no bloodshed.
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But I think their governor...
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and his fiancée
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are best placed to deliver that message.
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Don't you?
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Of course.
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King
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of kings.
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The great fear for Ptolemy
and Alexander's soldiers
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is that the further east Alexander goes,
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the more Eastern and, in their mind,
sort of dissolute he becomes.
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He is then losing
his Greekness, his Macedonian-ness,
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and that, for the army,
is a vital problem.
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What was that?
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When they said that
you had gone native, I stood up for you.
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But this...
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Excuse me?
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Paying respects to this scum
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who slaughtered our ancestors
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and then promises of no bloodshed
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when you were more than willing
to put Greeks to the sword.
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At Granicus? At Halicarnassus...
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- Oh, be silent, I will not have...
- What?
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You will not have what?
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Our people avenged
for centuries of tyranny?
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Because I'm telling you now, Alexander,
that is the only reason why your men
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have fought and bled
and died in your name.
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For vengeance until the score is paid!
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And it is you who will make sure
that that doesn't happen again, brother!
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That the Babylonian people
have my protection.
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Do you hear me?
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Because now,
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all of this...
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This is the Macedonian empire.
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And we...
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We are all native now.
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Darius does not think that
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it's all over for him yet.
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If he can get himself
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{\an8}to the Eastern satrapies,
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{\an8}that's tough terrain
for Alexander to follow him to.
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{\an8}They travel further
and further east all the time
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{\an8}until they're starting to approach
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{\an8}what would now be
the border with Afghanistan.
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Where are we headed now?
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He's been spotted heading east
towards the Hindu Kush mountains.
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So we're going after Darius again?
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Alex, he's contained.
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He's powerless. Alex.
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This has become an obsession.
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If he makes it to Bactria,
we could lose him forever.
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Alex. It's become...
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Darius's ambition at this time is
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to open up
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a long guerrilla warfare campaign
against Alexander.
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With the backing of Bessus,
Bessus's soldiers, and his own mercenary,
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they can hold out in the mountains
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for months, if not years.
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Alexander is upon us.
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A small battalion
has been spotted a few hours away.
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This will never end.
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He'll kill us all.
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It doesn't have to be treachery.
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Believe me.
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I know that now.
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Look at it, Bessus.
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00:19:02,920 --> 00:19:03,920
Just...
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look.
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00:19:10,080 --> 00:19:11,680
What an exquisite idea.
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00:19:14,800 --> 00:19:16,600
An empire built on truth...
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honor.
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00:19:23,400 --> 00:19:24,680
A civilization.
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00:19:30,440 --> 00:19:32,520
And all it needed was a custodian...
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who would stay true to it.
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What motivates Bessus to do this
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is a personal greed, personal power,
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complete and utter dissatisfaction
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with Darius.
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And the man who had been most loyal
to him claims everything for himself.
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Now, when Alexander hears
about these events
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from scouts,
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he is shocked by it.
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So we have this amazing overnight journey
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where Alexander and his men
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travel 18 hours
on horseback without stopping
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until they begin to catch up.
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They can see
the cortège of Darius ahead of them.
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This is no way for a king to die.
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This is no way for a king to die.
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He was the king of kings,
264
00:21:50,960 --> 00:21:53,280
and he deserves the respect that befits.
265
00:21:55,600 --> 00:21:57,600
Men, gather his body.
266
00:22:02,480 --> 00:22:06,840
If Alexander was living
a scripted drama of his life,
267
00:22:07,720 --> 00:22:10,480
he probably would not have written in
268
00:22:10,560 --> 00:22:13,360
that Darius gets killed by someone else
269
00:22:13,440 --> 00:22:14,800
because, for him,
270
00:22:14,880 --> 00:22:17,920
the moment where
he took over the empire properly
271
00:22:18,000 --> 00:22:20,240
should have been when he killed Darius.
272
00:22:22,160 --> 00:22:23,800
Bessus was then put to death
273
00:22:23,880 --> 00:22:25,200
at Alexander's request
274
00:22:25,280 --> 00:22:27,840
because, of course,
Bessus was a king murderer,
275
00:22:27,920 --> 00:22:29,760
and you can't let that go,
276
00:22:29,840 --> 00:22:32,040
because otherwise Alexander might feel
277
00:22:32,120 --> 00:22:34,680
that others would do
the same to Alexander.
278
00:22:36,200 --> 00:22:41,240
When you think about it,
Darius's fight against Alexander
279
00:22:41,320 --> 00:22:44,400
ended so... tragically for him.
280
00:22:44,480 --> 00:22:47,600
He lost his wife,
281
00:22:47,680 --> 00:22:50,120
he lost his chief friends and advisers,
282
00:22:50,200 --> 00:22:53,920
and then, ultimately,
Darius III lost his life.
283
00:23:03,200 --> 00:23:06,800
Alexander uses Darius's death,
basically, as a form of propaganda.
284
00:23:06,880 --> 00:23:08,160
He honors his body.
285
00:23:08,240 --> 00:23:11,880
So, he's trying to show
that he is a legitimate, respectful heir.
286
00:23:25,000 --> 00:23:28,080
He deserved more
than to die in some filthy ditch.
287
00:23:28,720 --> 00:23:30,640
And perhaps I drove him to that.
288
00:23:31,240 --> 00:23:32,240
No.
289
00:23:33,480 --> 00:23:35,000
He drove himself to that.
290
00:23:37,000 --> 00:23:39,760
All you did was return his body to me.
291
00:23:44,640 --> 00:23:45,640
And for that...
292
00:23:49,680 --> 00:23:50,680
I am grateful.
293
00:24:09,080 --> 00:24:11,480
With the death of Darius,
294
00:24:12,080 --> 00:24:14,560
Alexander can justifiably
295
00:24:15,080 --> 00:24:17,160
claim to be the King of Persia.
296
00:24:20,880 --> 00:24:24,080
Alexander is at his pinnacle.
297
00:24:25,600 --> 00:24:27,440
In just six short years,
298
00:24:27,960 --> 00:24:30,760
he's gone from being a Macedonian prince
299
00:24:31,520 --> 00:24:34,600
to the king
of the four quarters of the world.
300
00:24:35,320 --> 00:24:37,360
The King of Persia.
301
00:24:38,000 --> 00:24:41,040
There is no greater accolade.
302
00:24:47,320 --> 00:24:48,520
An honorable man
303
00:24:49,560 --> 00:24:51,160
and a formidable opponent.
304
00:24:53,800 --> 00:24:55,120
The turning of a page.
305
00:25:00,920 --> 00:25:01,920
And for us too.
306
00:25:04,920 --> 00:25:06,280
We can finally go home.
307
00:25:17,000 --> 00:25:18,200
What if we don't?
308
00:25:21,480 --> 00:25:25,520
In death, Darius has pointed
the way for me to continue east.
309
00:25:28,480 --> 00:25:29,960
Is Zeus not sending me a sign
310
00:25:30,040 --> 00:25:32,640
that my divine calling
has not yet been fulfilled,
311
00:25:33,160 --> 00:25:35,480
that my conquests are incomplete?
312
00:25:43,280 --> 00:25:46,360
I need to create
an empire that eclipses all others.
313
00:25:53,920 --> 00:25:55,920
But we could escape
this fray.
314
00:26:01,320 --> 00:26:02,320
Live forever.
315
00:26:05,920 --> 00:26:07,240
Like Homer said,
316
00:26:08,120 --> 00:26:09,480
"Never a trace of age,
317
00:26:10,840 --> 00:26:12,040
immortal."
318
00:26:14,480 --> 00:26:15,600
Oh, my dear Heph.
319
00:26:23,120 --> 00:26:25,120
"But the fates of death await us."
320
00:26:26,720 --> 00:26:29,400
"So we either give our enemy glory..."
321
00:26:32,760 --> 00:26:34,240
"Or win it for ourselves."
322
00:26:52,000 --> 00:26:53,280
Find Ptolemy.
323
00:26:53,360 --> 00:26:55,920
Parmenion too,
if he's not deep in his drink.
324
00:27:00,440 --> 00:27:02,280
In fact, summon all my generals.
325
00:27:03,760 --> 00:27:05,320
I have a world to conquer.
326
00:27:19,480 --> 00:27:23,160
And so,
the war between two men will go on.
327
00:27:25,200 --> 00:27:26,880
But not as we see now,
328
00:27:26,960 --> 00:27:30,240
a battle between Alexander
and those he might conquer,
329
00:27:31,600 --> 00:27:34,880
but the battle within Alexander himself.
330
00:27:36,680 --> 00:27:38,680
Two sides of the living god.
331
00:27:41,000 --> 00:27:44,120
A conflict that
will truly shape the world to come,
332
00:27:44,840 --> 00:27:47,920
{\an8}that will build a city
that will last for millennia
333
00:27:48,000 --> 00:27:51,160
and obsess people till the end of time.
334
00:27:54,800 --> 00:27:58,200
Alexander's legacy lives on
in so many ways,
335
00:27:58,280 --> 00:28:00,800
but the most obvious and the most elegant
336
00:28:00,880 --> 00:28:04,800
is the city of Alexandria
that he founded over 2,000 years ago.
337
00:28:09,920 --> 00:28:14,120
Dr. Pepi Papakosta has found
what seems to be the Royal Road
338
00:28:16,120 --> 00:28:18,880
and also the remains
of a monumental building.
339
00:28:19,640 --> 00:28:21,280
Around this large building,
340
00:28:21,360 --> 00:28:24,720
Dr. Pepi has found an array of objects.
341
00:28:30,400 --> 00:28:34,120
These are oil lamps
from the time of Alexander.
342
00:28:34,680 --> 00:28:41,200
{\an8}We find hundreds of these lamps
in this area.
343
00:28:41,280 --> 00:28:45,400
This small one was
for offering to the gods
344
00:28:45,480 --> 00:28:48,080
connected with use of this building.
345
00:28:48,680 --> 00:28:53,080
The way that today people go
to the church and light candle,
346
00:28:53,160 --> 00:28:57,720
people used to offer
an oil lamp to Alexander.
347
00:28:58,240 --> 00:29:00,520
We see signs of fire,
348
00:29:00,600 --> 00:29:05,640
and that means
it's a... an object that people here used.
349
00:29:08,400 --> 00:29:11,760
People in Alexandria worshiped Alexander,
350
00:29:11,840 --> 00:29:15,680
hoping that
he could protect them from evil.
351
00:29:15,760 --> 00:29:17,880
He was considered a god.
352
00:29:19,920 --> 00:29:25,160
In our excavation area,
we find a lot of votive offerings.
353
00:29:25,880 --> 00:29:31,160
People used to offer
to Alexander small figurines
354
00:29:31,880 --> 00:29:34,280
dealing with their problem, maybe.
355
00:29:34,920 --> 00:29:36,840
They were old. They were sick.
356
00:29:37,680 --> 00:29:41,280
The fact that we find
so many votive offerings here
357
00:29:41,360 --> 00:29:44,480
means that people
were coming here to be helped.
358
00:29:47,000 --> 00:29:53,160
People are still looking for any traces
they can find of the real man himself.
359
00:29:53,240 --> 00:29:55,840
The ultimate thing,
of course, is his tomb.
360
00:29:57,880 --> 00:30:00,640
Is it there in Alexandria?
Does it still exist?
361
00:30:01,240 --> 00:30:03,640
I suppose that's
the million-dollar question.
362
00:30:04,680 --> 00:30:11,120
To find Alexander in his coffin
with precious treasures around him...
363
00:30:12,520 --> 00:30:17,800
{\an8}Oh my God.
If we... If we manage to find this,
364
00:30:18,400 --> 00:30:23,000
it will be the most greatest discovery
in the whole world.
365
00:30:25,520 --> 00:30:28,960
Alexander's tomb would not
really be what we think of as a tomb.
366
00:30:29,040 --> 00:30:30,400
It would be far more monumental.
367
00:30:30,480 --> 00:30:32,880
It would be like
a rather a large mausoleum.
368
00:30:33,920 --> 00:30:35,800
We know by the ancient sources
369
00:30:35,880 --> 00:30:40,560
that his tomb
was visible till 300 years AD.
370
00:30:44,920 --> 00:30:46,080
In late antiquity,
371
00:30:46,160 --> 00:30:49,520
Alexandria was the site
of almost constant warfare.
372
00:30:49,600 --> 00:30:53,120
It was attacked many, many times,
um, by Christian groups,
373
00:30:53,200 --> 00:30:55,320
later on by Arab invaders.
374
00:30:55,400 --> 00:30:57,920
The Alexandria of Alexander the Great
375
00:30:58,000 --> 00:31:02,520
um, was battered and torn
and broken and decimated.
376
00:31:03,520 --> 00:31:07,680
So, we lose the body.
We don't know if it was destroyed.
377
00:31:08,480 --> 00:31:12,240
I believe that it was protected.
It was hidden.
378
00:31:12,840 --> 00:31:17,080
So, that's why I hope
that the body, the sarcophagus,
379
00:31:17,160 --> 00:31:20,360
still exists somewhere around here.
380
00:31:23,080 --> 00:31:26,040
There's another intriguing thing,
and that is a tunnel
381
00:31:26,120 --> 00:31:28,280
with a wonderful pitched roof.
382
00:31:29,800 --> 00:31:33,560
This could be part of a water system
for the city of Alexandria.
383
00:31:37,400 --> 00:31:41,240
We have cleared a path
384
00:31:41,320 --> 00:31:44,800
35 meters from the outside.
385
00:31:46,720 --> 00:31:52,040
I am in the end
of our excavation work inside the tunnel,
386
00:31:52,720 --> 00:31:58,120
and it was a surprise
because now we find a man-made wall.
387
00:31:58,960 --> 00:32:02,320
So, I'm wondering
why they made the wall inside the tunnel
388
00:32:02,880 --> 00:32:07,440
and why not use an already existing tunnel
389
00:32:07,520 --> 00:32:10,160
in order to hide something valuable.
390
00:32:13,120 --> 00:32:16,040
There is a precedent
for treasures being stashed away,
391
00:32:16,120 --> 00:32:17,840
and, in fact, in Alexandria,
392
00:32:17,920 --> 00:32:22,440
a life-sized statue of the Apis bull
was found walled up.
393
00:32:22,520 --> 00:32:25,360
And so, behind this wall
that Pepi has found,
394
00:32:25,440 --> 00:32:27,600
who knows what treasures lie.
395
00:32:32,080 --> 00:32:35,240
My wish is
to find something important
396
00:32:35,320 --> 00:32:37,240
that shows where we are,
397
00:32:37,320 --> 00:32:40,240
but what I wish more
is to find Alexander's tomb.
398
00:32:44,920 --> 00:32:47,480
We have to go on.
We have to go excavating.
399
00:32:47,560 --> 00:32:50,800
It's not easy,
and I hope that, in the end,
400
00:32:50,880 --> 00:32:54,080
we will have
the surprise we are waiting for.
401
00:32:58,120 --> 00:33:01,960
I really admire Pepi's zeal
402
00:33:02,040 --> 00:33:03,800
and her commitment to this project,
403
00:33:03,880 --> 00:33:05,280
and I sincerely hope
404
00:33:06,040 --> 00:33:07,960
that she finds what she's looking for.
405
00:33:08,040 --> 00:33:11,040
But for me, you know,
Alexander has never gone away,
406
00:33:11,120 --> 00:33:12,920
because we're encountering him
all the time.
407
00:33:13,000 --> 00:33:15,200
We find him in legends and myths,
408
00:33:15,280 --> 00:33:18,760
and he is so inspirational
to so many people too.
409
00:33:20,120 --> 00:33:22,560
Alexander just grips the imagination.
410
00:33:23,160 --> 00:33:27,600
He is someone who is
this shining moment of history.
411
00:33:27,680 --> 00:33:32,000
And I think that he is
one of history's heroes.
412
00:33:34,160 --> 00:33:36,240
We will be fighting for Macedon,
413
00:33:36,320 --> 00:33:38,880
and our hearts will be in it!
414
00:33:39,560 --> 00:33:42,240
He was clearly
a very able soldier.
415
00:33:43,000 --> 00:33:45,240
He also commanded loyalty.
416
00:33:45,320 --> 00:33:46,320
This...
417
00:33:47,960 --> 00:33:49,240
...is all it took.
418
00:33:50,360 --> 00:33:51,800
He had a certain charisma.
419
00:33:51,880 --> 00:33:53,440
He was an opportunist.
420
00:33:53,520 --> 00:33:55,760
He was a young man with determination
421
00:33:55,840 --> 00:33:59,400
and ambition and a charisma
to make people follow him.
422
00:34:00,040 --> 00:34:02,840
What he accomplishes
in his life seems impossible.
423
00:34:02,920 --> 00:34:05,560
You know, it seems like
something only a hero out of,
424
00:34:05,640 --> 00:34:08,000
you know, myth could do,
and yet he did it.
425
00:34:08,080 --> 00:34:10,176
And at the end of the day,
we have to remind ourselves
426
00:34:10,200 --> 00:34:13,560
that he was a real, living,
breathing, mortal human.
427
00:34:16,200 --> 00:34:18,160
Alexander's story is
far from over.
428
00:34:18,680 --> 00:34:19,880
In the next seven years,
429
00:34:19,960 --> 00:34:22,400
we will see him
set out on a great adventure.
430
00:34:22,480 --> 00:34:24,840
He will be on a quest
431
00:34:24,920 --> 00:34:28,200
to authenticate his idea
of his own divinity,
432
00:34:28,280 --> 00:34:31,760
but more than that,
he meets with another nemesis.
433
00:34:31,840 --> 00:34:34,440
This is not a nemesis unlike Darius III,
434
00:34:34,960 --> 00:34:39,000
for the nemesis that he has to encounter,
meet, and do battle with
435
00:34:39,520 --> 00:34:40,840
is his own self.
436
00:34:40,920 --> 00:34:42,680
It's his other Alexander.
32956
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