All language subtitles for The Men Who Built America 2 Battles.eng

- NARRATOR: Previously
on the men who built America...

Bruised and battered
following the long civil war.

The country has emerged
stronger than ever.

American railroads
have become

the largest companies
in the world.

And through sheer force...

- VANDERBILT: Buy
everything you can.

- NARRATOR:
...Cornelius Vanderbilt

has built the biggest.

- VANDERBILT: We're
gonna watch them bleed.

- NARRATOR: But a new
industry emerges

to challenge the railroads.

Led by John D. Rockefeller.

The age of oil begins.

Soon Vanderbilt and the
other railroads see oil

as an opportunity.

- ROCKEFELLER: You want a cartel
between oil and railroads.

- NARRATOR: But as
railroad men like Tom Scott

and his prot�g� Andrew Carnegie
take on big oil...

...Rockefeller declares
war on the railroads.

- ROCKEFELLER:
Shut them down.

- NARRATOR: And brings
the industry to its knees.

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- (Blues Saraceno playing
"Save My Soul")

? When I got to Memphis ?

? I put my old
baby down ?

? He said I can't
take you to Heaven ?

? I can't save
your soul ?

? I can't promise
forever ?

? Whoo ?

? With my heart
in your hands ?

? I can't feel,
fell my soul ?

- PREACHER: If everyone
gathered here would now join me

in the reciting
of The Lord's Prayer.

"Our Father who
art in Heaven,

hollowed be thy name.

Thy Kingdom come,
Thy will be done.

On Earth as it
is in Heaven.

Give us this day
our daily bread.

And forgive us
our trespasses,

As we forgive those who
trespass against us.

Lead us not
into temptation,

but deliver us from evil.

For Thine is the
power and the glory,

forever and ever. Amen."

- NARRATOR: Andrew
Carnegie's mentor

is buried on a rainy day just
outside of Philadelphia.

He dies a broken man.

Defeated and humiliated.

At the hands of
John D. Rockefeller.

The loss is an enormous
blow to Carnegie...

Without Tom Scott,
Carnegie would be nothing.

- Sir.
- Thanks.

- NARRATOR: At
the age of 12,

Andrew Carnegie begins
working

for a local railroad
in Pittsburgh.

There, he meets the
company's President,

Tom Scott.

- SCOTT: Andy.

- NARRATOR: Scott
takes a liking to young

Carnegie...

...Hiring him as his
personal assistant.

- Now, take this and this to
the division superintendent.

- Yes, sir.

This is for you, Sir.

- Ah! Thank you.

- DAVID NASAW: He never
expected to work

at 12 years old, he wanted
to go to school,

he wanted to grow up.

But the family had
absolutely no way

of surviving without
sending him to work.

- H.W. BRANDS: Andy is the
man of the household.

He realizes fairly early
on that he's smart.

He discovers in
himself an ambition.

And when Andy Carnegie
showed the intelligence,

showed the nerve to take on
some of the responsibilities,

Scott
realized that this was

somebody to cultivate,
somebody to nurture.

- NARRATOR: Tom Scott
quickly advances Carnegie

through the ranks.

- STEVE WYNN: Like most
young people who get breaks,

luck has a lot to
do with it, and timing.

And the second factor
besides timing is that,

as a young man, usually
all of us would admit

that there was a mentor,
a benefactor.

And when an older person
who you respect and admire

has confidence in you,
it's a great booster

to your own self-confidence.

- NARRATOR: By age 24,
Carnegie is promoted

to manager of the company.

Working closely with Scott
to oversee

the railroad's
expansion west.

- SCOTT: So I bought 100,000
shares at $10 a share,

before news of the
contract came out.

When the issue
became public,

the shares
doubled in value.

The next day, you
know what I did?

I sold them.

I didn't have to
build a thing.

The key is
westward expansion.

- CARNEGIE: Yes, sir.

- Here. This is where
I want the bridge.

Right here.

Think you can you do it?

- Yes, sir.

- I know a good designer.
James Eads.

He's crazy, but
he's a genius.

- Bridge builder, is he?

- No. But he's quick,
and he's cheap.

He can do anything.

Come.

- NARRATOR: The bridge
Scott has outlined...

...will be the
largest in America.

The problem is, Carnegie
has no idea how to build it.

A bridge spanning the
Mississippi River would connect

east to west
like never before.

- DAVID NASAW: The key to
success for any railroad

is getting across the
Mississippi River.

Once you get across the
Mississippi river

you can move west.

The question is: How
do you get

across the Mississippi river?

- NARRATOR: The bridge
will have to be

over a mile long.

One in four bridges
built at the time fail.

And nobody has built a
rail bridge this big.

But Carnegie knows there's
no reward without risk.

He invests everything
he has into the bridge.

- H.W. BRANDS: Andy
Carnegie stepped up.

He decided he could do it.

One striking thing about
Carnegie--and this is true

of the great
entrepreneurs--

they're willing
to take risks.

They're willing to
roll the dice and bet,

in later days, the
whole corporation,

or in this case,
bet his career.

- It's no good.

- Why?

- We can't block
steamboat traffic.

We've been through this.

- Show me the
cantilevered one again.

It's not going to withstand the
Mississippi currents.

- So make it stronger.

- It's impossible.

The combined forces from
the passenger traffic,

rail freight and the river
current will exceed

the tensile
strength of iron.

The bridge will collapse.

- Here you go.

- Thank you.

- Nothing's impossible.

- STEVE CASE: You have to be
patient and have perseverance

and have a sense of where
you want to go,

and having the passion
to still believe in your idea

even when everyone
else is saying, well,

why are you wasting
your time on this.

Obviously it's
not happening.

But you know it's
going to happen

and you never give up
on that idea.

- (sighs)

- How am I supposed
to make any money?

- They're worth
more than a dollar.

- Five cents, final offer.

- (clanking)

- It's not going to withstand
the Mississippi current.

- So make it stronger.

- Maybe if it was
made out of steel...

- Nothing's impossible.

- NARRATOR: Steel is the
strongest material ever made.

Created by mixing iron
with carbon

at over 2,000 degrees.

The problem is, it's
extremely expensive,

and difficult
to mass produce.

Because steel is so rare,

it's only used to
make small items.

Forks, knives,
and jewelry.

No one has ever tried
to use steel to build

a structure this big.

Until now.

- He's looking
into the future.

He looks across the Mississippi
and he sees a bridge.

And he's able to
see that future.

And then willing to have
enough confidence

in his vision to put everything
he's got into it,

and he's willing to
convince others

that he knows what that
future is going to be.

- NARRATOR: In order
to complete the bridge,

Carnegie needs to find
a way to make a massive

amount of steel.

- DAVID NASAW: He spent
a lot of time traveling.

He would go to
steel mills,

he would meet with
chemists, to figure out,

How do you make
this steel?

- NARRATOR: English
inventor, Henry Bessemer,

has created a device
that cuts the time to

manufacture a single steel rail
from two weeks to 1 5 minutes.

Carnegie understands the value
of the new technology...

...And begins to adapt it.

- RON PERELMAN: Every
business has some uniqueness,

either a unique talent,

unique product,
unique capacity.

And the trick
is to find it,

and then find it and
capitalize on it.

- NARRATOR: With
the steel in place,

Carnegie is able to
begin construction.

At just 33, Andrew
Carnegie is poised

to realized the impossible...

...Building the first
major bridge

to span the
Mississippi River.

Uniting America.

But Carnegie's Decision
to use steel has proven costly.

He's already two
years behind schedule.

And expenses are mounting.

- DEBT COLLECTOR #1 : "Dear
Mr. Carnegie: our records

show that we have not
received your payment

of $35,000, which was
due on August..."

- DEBT COLLECTOR #2: "Dear
Mr. Carnegie: I am writing

to notify you that despite
numerous efforts

to obtain final payment
for the above invoice,

I have been unsuccessful."

- DEBT COLLECTOR #3:
"This letter will serve as

formal notice to you that
you are in default of your

obligation to pay
the sum of $59,000,

for steel
delivered to you."

- DEBT COLLECTOR #2:
"...and must now

accelerate collection
efforts in accordance with..."

- DEBT COLLECTOR #4:
"...and you will be able

to settle this outstanding
amount immediately."

- DEBT COLLECTOR #3:
"...and we will have

no alternative but to
commence legal proceedings

against you."

- DONNY DEUTSCH: I
guarantee you if these guys

were alive today they
wouldn't be telling you

about their successes.

They would be telling
you about their early failures,

or the places
they almost failed.

That's the
great motivator,

and you have to be
able to embrace that.

If you can't embrace
both failure,

or the possibility
of failure,

or the tremendous
fear of failure,

you can't be
wildly successful.

It's just, it's an
axiomatic truth.

- NARRATOR: With
no money left,

Carnegie is forced to
bring construction to a halt.

His dream has
become a nightmare.

But he's not going
down without a fight.

- NARRATOR: The birth of Modern
America is well underway.

Trains now touch all four
corners of the continent.

Homes across the nation
are lit at night.

And the country's most
ambitious construction

project is in progress
on the banks

of the Mississippi River...

...led by Andrew Carnegie.

Carnegie has insisted on
building his bridge

out of steel...

...an unproven material.

With huge costs.

Construction is
drastically behind schedule.

And dangerously
over budget.

Carnegie is under
mounting pressure.

- CARLY FIORINA: The
difference between people

who succeed and people
who fail, I think,

Everyone experiences fear.

The difference is, what
do you do with your fear?

Do you work to
overcome it?

Or do you let
it defeat you?

And I think that
is actually what distinguishes

very successful people
from others.

NARRATOR: Desperate, Carnegie
reaches out to investors,

looking for
an infusion of cash.

- CARNEGIE: You'll be glad
to learn that the building

of the St. Louis bridge
is progressing-smoothly.

I am convinced that steel
is the future; however,

obtaining such a large
quantity of steel

is proving to be difficult,
causing us some delays.

It is also proving to
be extremely expensive.

My forecast shows that
we will require

another million dollars before
the year is out.

But I have no doubt that
in time the people

will come to see the bridge as
the eighth wonder of the world.

Yours sincerely,
Andrew Carnegie.

NARRATOR: Carnegie's
last-minute pitch works.

He secures the
financing he needs.

And finally,
after four years,

the bridge is complete.

The results are epic.

But Carnegie now
faces a new problem.

- DAVID NASAWL:
In St. Louis,

one of the real problems
was convincing people

the bridge wasn't
going to fall.

I mean nobody had ever seen
bridges like this, anywhere.

- NARRATOR: Carnegie sees
all the possible uses for steel.

But before he can realize
the materials potential...

...he needs to convince
the public of its strength.

And he has a plan
to do just that.

A popular superstition
at the time,

holds that an elephant won't
cross an unstable structure.

- DAVID NASAW: The day the
bridge opens, Carnegie,

who is also a
master publicist,

sets up a parade across
the bridge that's led

by an elephant.

- NARRATOR: It's an
incredible gamble.

But Carnegie hopes if
the elephant crosses,

the people will follow.

- (cheers)

- DAVID NASAW: As the
people of St. Louis look

at this bridge, they
see that it can sustain

whatever weight's
going to be put on it.

- NARRATOR: When
the stunt succeeds,

Carnegie gets more
requests for his steel

than he can
possibly handle.

And his biggest customer
is an industry he knows well.

The railroads are looking
to replace their bridges

and rails with steel.

But Carnegie can't produce
enough of the new material

to fill all the orders.

He needs to increase
his capacity.

And to do that, he needs
to raise additional funds.

So he turns to his
old mentor, Tom Scott.

With his help, Carnegie
raises over $21 million

in today's money.

And with it, he builds
his first steel plant.

- DAVID NASAW: He sees the
future and he is willing

to invest where few other
American entrepreneurs

are willing to invest: in
these gigantic new plants.

- NARRATOR: Sprawled
over 100 acres

just outside of Pittsburgh...

...Carnegie's steel mill
is the largest in the nation.

Capable of rolling out
225 tons of steel a day.

- JIM CRAMER: You have to
believe if you're Carnegie

that you're going to have
multiple years of growth

where steel is important.

The faith and optimism
that someone like Carnegie

had is just off the charts
vs. what we see now.

- NARRATOR: With
the new plant,

Carnegie can supply as
much steel as the country needs.

And make himself
a fortune.

But Carnegie's timing
couldn't be worse.

After years of
overbuilding,

the railroads are suddenly
struggling to stay profitable.

- H.W. BRANDS: There were too
many railroads at the time.

There wasn't enough
traffic to sustain them.

- NARRATOR: With the
railroads in dire need of cargo,

John Rockefeller
sees an opportunity.

And negotiates better
rates for shipping his oil.

But the struggling
railroads quickly realize

their business
won't survive.

And go back on their word.

Causing Rockefeller to
pull his oil from the trains.

Carnegie's mentor, Tom
Scott, tries to adjust.

But he can't survive
without Rockefeller's oil.

His business is decimated.

And Tom Scott
never recovers.

- PREACHER: From ashes to
ashes, and dust to dust.

- NARRATOR: Andrew
Carnegie has lost his mentor.

The man who meant more to him
than anyone else in the world.

- Andy.

Now, take this and this

to the division superintendant.

You think you can do it?

- Yes, sir.

- NARRATOR: As far as
Carnegie is concerned,

one man drove Tom
Scott to his grave.

And now Andrew
Carnegie wants revenge.

America's growth
following the civil war,

is nothing short of epic.

Train tracks link east
to west as never before.

Oil lights homes
from coast to coast.

And steel is remaking
the landscape

But just when the growth
looks unstoppable...

...the railroad
industry--the backbone

of the American
economy--collapses.

And the nation is thrown
into the worst depression

it's ever seen.

Andrew Carnegie is on
the brink of losing everything.

Without the railroads,
he's lost his market for steel.

And he blames his bitter rival,
John D. Rockefeller.

Desperate for
a new market,

Carnegie notices a trend
he can capitalize on.

Unemployed Americans, by
the thousands

are flooding cities like New
York and Chicago,

in search of work.

And to accommodate
the population surge,

buildings are being
constructed as fast as possible.

- DAVID NASAW: Carnegie
brilliantly begins to see

that the future is not in
rails but in structural steel,

in girders, in beams,

to build skyscrapers.

And again, he's
ahead of the curve.

- NARRATOR: The world's first
skyscraper is built in Chicago.

Its thin brick walls
hang on a thick frame

manufactured from
Carnegie's steel.

In the next few
years, over 100,000

new building are
erected in Chicago alone.

- Until steel began to
become a major product,

much ofAmerica could
not have happened.

America grew up
vertically on steel.

- NARRATOR: Modern America
is being built using

Carnegie's Steel.

The skyscraper boom makes
Andrew Carnegie

one of the wealthiest
men in America.

But for Carnegie,
it's not enough.

John Rockefeller's
personal fortune

is seven times larger
than Carnegie's.

A feat he's achieved through a
calculated ruthlessness.

Carnegie believes that to
avenge his mentor's death,

he must surpass
John Rockefeller

as the most powerful man
in America.

And to do that, he must
find help from someone

even more cutthroat
than his rival.

And he knows the
perfect man for the job.

Henry Frick is a self-made
millionaire by thirty.

He's one of the Midwest's
largest coal suppliers.

A ruthless businessman,
Frick has reputation

for getting what he wants...

...by any means necessary.

- FRICK: Carter!

Carter!

This belongs to me now.

Carter!
I know you're in there!

- NARRATOR: Hiring Henry
Frick will give Carnegie

the merciless
edge he lacks.

- Follow me, sir.

- Henry.

- Andrew.

- Good to see you,
thank you for coming.

- It's my pleasure.

- Please, sit.

- Thank you.

Whiskey, neat.

- (sniffles) Now, Henry,
I believe you've married

since I saw you last.

- FRICK: Marriage
changes a man, Andrew.

- Oh. How's that?

- (laughs) Well, let's say
I've calmed down a bit.

- Well, it's a noble
institution, as they say.

- I don't know
about noble,

but it's an institution.

- An institution
nonetheless, right? (laughs)

- (laughs)

- MARK CUBAN: The
partnership between

Carnegie and Frick was
analogous to the way

a good business
partnership works today.

You want somebody as
completely opposite

and different from you as
you possibly can get.

- NARRATOR: Frick's first
assignment is to get

Carnegie Steel into shape.

His boss believes that
Frick will use

his toughness to cut costs
and eliminate waste...

...leading to
bigger profits.

Many see giving Frick so
much power as a huge risk.

But Carnegie decides
it's a risk worth taking.

- Welcome aboard, Henry.

- Thank you, Andrew.

- NARRATOR: In the end,
hiring Frick may be

the worst decision of
Carnegie's career.

... is being led by a group
of extraordinary men.

Commodore Cornelius
Vanderbilt creates

the biggest railroad
company in the country.

John D. Rockefeller uses
standard oil's refining

capabilities to light
homes from coast to coast.

And now Andrew Carnegie
is using the mass produced

steel to erect buildings
that touch the sky.

Making the country
stronger

than it's ever been before.

- CARNEGIE: Our profit
margin is unassailable.

Our productivity is
absolutely as good

as any steel mill in
Europe or America.

- NARRATOR: Carnegie's
steel empire is expanding

at a staggering rate.

In just two years,
profits have doubled.

- CARNEGIE: Right
this way, Sir,

and I'll show
you the rest.

- NARRATOR: By
ramping up production,

Carnegie and Frick are
able to use the proceeds

to buy competitors throughout
Ohio and Pennsylvania.

- Carnegie demonstrated
that if you're the first

at whatever you do, you
have a huge advantage

over the people who come along
later because you've got

the jump on them and very
often that jump allows you

to carve a niche and to
maximize your profits

within that niche.

- NARRATOR: Carnegie's personal
fortune is skyrocketing.

His net worth is now
upwards of $3.5 billion

in today's money.

His decision to hire Henry Frick
looks like a stroke of genius.

Through intimidation and
fear Frick re-negotiates

favorable contracts
with suppliers.

And eliminated
unnecessary expenses...

...while upping
production.

- Nine, eight, seven, six,
five, four...

- NARRATOR: Approaching
the final decade of the century,

Carnegie Steel is
more profitable than ever.

Carnegie rewards Frick by making
him chairman of his company.

The second most
powerful man in steel.

But for Frick,
it's not enough.

He wants his boss's
seat at the table.

Frick's father had
been a failure.

And now he wants to make
sure that everyone knows

that he's not his father.

Frick, purchases land
in the hills east of Pittsburgh.

On it, he builds a members
only club

for some of the wealthiest men
in the country.

The South Fork Fishing
and Hunting Club sits

on a huge artificial lake,
where club members

can boat and fish.

Even Carnegie
joins the club.

- It doesn't seem
like a problem to me,

we know who our
friends are,

and we know how
to please them.

- Yes, and you can
always buy a man.

However, If it's
possible not to,

I would think
that's a better--

- Excuse me just
for one moment.

- NARRATOR: To create
their playground,

the club takes control
of the South Fork dam,

holding 20 million
tons of water.

The largest dam of
its kind in the world.

Just 14 miles downriver
lies Johnstown...

...a working class
community of steel workers

and their families, who
live under the constant threat

that the next rainstorm
will wash away the dam.

City officials beg Frick
to strengthen the dam.

But he ignores their
pleas completely.

- I heard there
was an accident.

- Well, you're right.

There has been
an accident.

I can't get my carriage
across this road.

- Your carriage is too
wide for the road, sir.

- Now that is where you
and I are going to differ.

My carriage is just fine.

It's the road
that's the problem.

- To widen the road we'd
have to lower the dam, sir.

- Well, there now.

That wasn't too hard
to sort out, was it?

- NARRATOR: By lowering
the dam, Frick weakens it.

- CARNEGIE: Henry shows
me the ledgers

and shows me the numbers.

And it was not the
number I was expecting;

it was a little bit higher
than I was expecting.

And the only question
remaining

is how much money we'll
make next year.

I'm a bit dry
over here, Henry.

- NARRATOR: Frick is
content with his club,

his image, and his wealth.

But everything is
about to change.

America is in an age of
unprecedented prosperity.

The country is connected
cost to coast by rail.

Kerosene lamps
brighten the night.

And steel is being used
to build structures

no one could have imagined
even a decade earlier.

Overseeing much of the
growth are Pittsburgh

Steel magnates Andrew
Carnegie and Henry Frick.

Ideal Partners...

...Together they've
driven Carnegie Steel

to massive profits.

To celebrate,
they've erected

the South Fork Fishing
and Hunting Club...

- Cheers.
- Cheers.

- Cheers.

- NARRATOR: ...A lakefront
Members Only playground.

But construction
has weakened the dam

surrounding the lake
at South Fork...

...Posing an imminent
threat to the lives

of tens of thousands of
people in the valley below.

- NARRATOR: Memorial
Day breaks in Johnstown.

As ominous clouds roll in.

- (thunder rumbles)

- MOTHER: Hurry on, now.

- NARRATOR: At South Fork,
lake levels are rising...

- NARRATOR: ...at an inch
every 10 minutes.

- More bags.

- Go, go.

- Over here.

- We need more men
up here.

- Give me that bag.

We need more men.

- Hurry up.

- (thunder rumbles)

- Over here.

- Give me that bag.

- John!

Get a telegram to Johnstown!

Tell them to evacuate!

- We need more men.

- (clicking)

- NARRATOR: The
message reads...

"South Fork Dam liable to break.
Notify the people

to prepare for the worst."

- (clicking)

- NARRATOR: The Johnstown
Telegraph office

has seen the same warning
many times before.

They ignore it.

- (thunder rumbles)

- We need more at the top.

- We're running out of time.

- Leave it! Leave it!
Let's get out of here! Now!

- Get out of here!
The dam's burst!

- Move away from the window.

- (rumbling)

- (glass shatters)

- NARRATOR: When
the water stops,

more than 2,000 people
lie dead.

One in three are so
mutilated

they can't even be identified.

1 ,600 Homes are
destroyed...

...and over four square
miles of the town

are completely leveled.

The Johnstown Flood is the
worst man-made disaster

in the United States
prior to 9/11 .

Bodies will be found
for years to come.

Some as far away
as Cincinnati,

350 miles from Johnstown.

Volunteers come from
across the country

to assist in the recovery.

The Flood is the first
major peacetime relief effort

of the recently
formed American Red Cross.

As outrage over
the flood grows,

the public looks for
someone to blame.

Most of that blame falls
on the members

of the South Fork Fishing
and Hunting Club.

But the members
deny responsibility.

Lawsuits are filed...

...But they're
ultimately unsuccessful.

In the eyes of
an angry public,

the South Fork
members--including

Henry Frick--have gotten
away with murder.

The incident forever
changes Andrew Carnegie...

...Who feels a sense of
responsibility for the disaster,

unlike many of
his fellow club members.

He soon drops out of South
Fork and begins a campaign

to rebuild his
damaged image.

- When your brand becomes
so big that you become the name,

you become the
face behind the brand,

it's difficult.

There's also a great deal
of responsibility

and risk, and you have to
be very, very careful.

- NARRATOR: Carnegie
donates millions

to help rebuild Johnstown.

- Carnegie gave money to
thousands of libraries.

Millions and
millions of dollars.

Carnegie wanted
to be remembered

for the good he had done.

- NARRATOR: Carnegie
begins building

public monuments across
the country.

And soon, a grand music
venue in Manhattan

becomes his passion.

Carnegie Hall is New
York's new home

for the performing arts.

And for high society
to rub elbows.

On opening night, Russian
composer Pyotr Tchaikovsky

is the
featured performer.

Andrew Carnegie is
treated like royalty.

Honored for the
masterpiece he's built.

But even in this setting,
one man is a bigger presence.

John D. Rockefeller

is worth three
times as much as Carnegie.

But the Cathedral
Carnegie's built bearing

his name, takes their
rivalry to another level.

- Oh. Thank you, Alisha.

- NARRATOR: The men will
spend the next 10 years

battling each other.

Sparring with
Christmas gifts.

Rockefeller sends Carnegie
a cheap, paper vest.

Ajab at his simple
beginnings as a poor immigrant.

In return, Carnegie
sends Rockefeller,

a devout Baptist
who doesn't drink,

a bottle of fine whiskey.

- You know I've had my
own little rivalries,

I've had a rivalry with
Donald trump where I think

it was back, 2004, he
was giving me a hard time

about something and I said
"you know what I can write

a bigger check than you
and not even know it's missing,"

because I
knew if I tweaked him,

he would just
respond, and he did,

and I still like to tweak
him just because it's fun...

- DONNY DEUTSCH: I always
say you have to have

someone to hate
to aim for.

Having an enemy,
having an arch enemy,

having a competitor is
what ups the game for everybody.

- NARRATOR: While
Rockefeller's oil empire

steadily grows,

steel becomes

the product of choice for
construction.

And Carnegie's
business takes off.

- Mr. Connor

- Yes, sir.

- How's the output?

- She's running at
full capacity, sir.

- Good. Carry on.

- NARRATOR: Carnegie's
steel helps trigger

the upward expansion of
America's cities.

But if he wants to
challenge Rockefeller

for the title of America's
Most Powerful

Businessman...

...Carnegie must become
even more profitable.

But he'll pay a price
for his ambition.

That will threaten to
destroy everything he's

worked so hard to build.

The building of Modern
America is moving

at lightning speed.

Rail lines link east to
west in a way never before

thought possible.

Oil is burning
into the night.

And steel is pushing
cities to unimaginable heights.

Driving this growth is a
rivalry between two men.

Andrew Carnegie
and John D. Rockefeller.

One the undisputed
King of Oil, the other,

the Unchallenged
Man of Steel.

And each is determined
not to be outdone.

- STEVE WYNN: I
benefit from high-class

competition.

I've been dogged
by the competition,

bested by the competition
a couple times.

But I've had
my licks, too,

and we've managed
to hold our own.

- NARRATOR: To overtake
Rockefeller as the richest

man in the country,
Carnegie can't just be

a profitable steel maker.

He's got to be the
most profitable.

And for that, he
needs an edge.

He sets his sights on
a struggling steel mill

outside Pittsburgh.

With plans to make it
the largest

in his steel making empire.

Carnegie invests millions
retooling the plant

to turn out more structural

steel than any other
mill of its size.

The Homestead Steel Works
is a true modern marvel.

But it can't operate

without man power.

- One of the huge costs
in a steel mill is labor.

Carnegie knew that
to stay profitable.

He had to keep costs low.

And the only way to keep
costs low was to reduce

wages and increase
working hours.

To keep profits growing,
Carnegie needs

to continue cutting costs.

Including wages.

But he's also determined
to repair his image.

Something he can't do
in the midst of a labor dispute.

So he turns to his
chairman to do the dirty work.

Henry Frick has never been
concerned with what people

think of his methods.

He's about one thing...

...Winning.

- DAVID NASAW: Carnegie
didn't enjoy being the bad guy,

being the villain.

Frick didn't seem to mind.

- DONNY DEUTSCH: I think
the great leaders find

partners who basically can
exploit their weaknesses,

but not kind of dance
on their strengths.

Instead of hiring weaker
versions of themselves,

they hire people that are
tremendous experts

at what they're not.

- CARNEGIE: Henry
shows me the ledgers,

and that was not the
number I was expecting.

Now, the only
question remains

is how much we'll
make next year.

- NARRATOR: With Frick
firmly installed

as chairman of
Carnegie Steel...

...The boss heads
to Scotland

to give him room
to operate.

- JIM CRAMER: The industrialists
of that period of time

are people
who are out for themselves

to make large fortunes
as quickly as possible,

even if it means pressing
the envelope

of what they have to do.

- NARRATOR: Frick begins
squeezing all that he can get

out of the
workers at Homestead.

- DAVID NASAW: Frick
decided that the only way

to keep the plant running
efficiently was with a 12

hour day, six days a week.

What that meant was
intolerable working conditions.

No one could work
12 hours a day.

If you're working
in an office,

you'd fall asleep
at your desk.

If you fall asleep
in a steel mill,

you end up dead.

- MARK CUBAN: You know
back when Carnegie

was building his empire,
obviously there were

no labor laws, it was
a free for all.

And looking back it
seems horrific

in a lot of different
ways that workers

were taken advantage of.

But that was the game
that was played back then.

- NARRATOR: The
conditions are dangerous.

And a small group of men
bands together

to raise their concerns.

- DAVID NASAW: Many of the
workers at the steel mill felt

that change in working
conditions was a necessity.

They were exhausted and
they wanted wages

that were livable.

- NARRATOR: Unions are
relatively new in America.

And Frick isn't about to
let them take root on his watch.

But before acting, he
seeks his boss' counsel.

- "Dear Andrew, it may
become necessary to fight

it out this summer.

Once got into it will be
fought to the finish."

- NARRATOR: Andrew
Carnegie is well aware

of Frick's aggressiveness.

It's why he's put three
thousand miles between them.

But Carnegie would rather
leave some things unsaid.

- "Mr. Frick, no doubt you
will get Homestead right.

You can get
anything right,

with your mild
persistence."

- There's a fine line, how
do we protect the worker,

yet, at the same time,
continue to grease the

wheels for capitalism?

Sometimes those two
are at cross-purposes.

- NARRATOR: Frick takes
Carnegie's words

as a clear indication that
it's time to go to war.

He ramps up production,

pushing his men harder
than ever.

In case of a strike,
he'll have

a stockpile of
finished steel.

The men are spending
half their lives

in the dreadful and
dangerous conditions.

And they're about to reach
their breaking point.

- (screaming)

- (men yelling)

- May the Lord in his
love and mercy help you.

May the Lord free
you from sin

and save you and
raise you up.

In the name of the
Father, and the Son,

and the Holy Spirit.

- NARRATOR: Accidents
on the plant floor

keep multiplying.

Until one proves fatal.

The death has the
potential to unite

the overwhelmed workforce.

Frick knows what's coming.

- FRICK: "Dear Andrew, I
am not prepared to believe

that we will win without
a severe struggle.

I regret to say it does
not seem that there is

any other course
open for us.

We would better make the
fight and be through with it."

- FRICK: "Henry, One thing
we are all sure of

no contest will be entered
into that will fail.

We all approve of
anything you do.

We are with you
to the end."

- NARRATOR: Knowing
his boss has his back,

Frick throws
the first punch.

He tells workers that
Carnegie Steel won't negotiate.

And conditions
won't be improving.

- WORKER: He
can't do that.

- Frick didn't understand
the steelworkers believed

that the mill
belonged to them.

They were the ones
who made the steel.

It was their plant and
they weren't gonna to let

this nasty little Frick
take it from them.

- O'DONNELL: Under the
management of Mr. Frick,

the Carnegie Company has
wiped out organization

in the Edgar
Thompson works.

Has wiped out organization
in the coke region

and are about to wipe out
organization in Homestead.

- CROWD: No!

- O'DONNELL: The time has
come to send

Mr. Frick a message.

- CROWD: That's right.

- O'DONNELL: We do not
accept the new pay scale.

- CROWD: No.
- O'DONNELL: We do not accept

the poor working conditions.
- CROWD: No.

- O'DONNELL: We do not
accept the long hours.

- CROWD: No.

- O'DONNELL: And
why can we do this?

Because we are a union.
- CROWD: Yeah!

- O'DONNELL: And nobody,
nobody will break us!

- CROWD: Yeah!

- O'DONNELL: All those
in favor of striking,

raise your hands.

- CROWD: Yeah!

- O'DONNELL: Mr. Frick?

- FRICK: I'm giving you
one more chance

to call off this strike.

I'll make sure any man who
walks out, never returns.

- O'DONNELL: We'll see.

NARRATOR: 2,000 steel
workers barricade

the front of the plant.

To prevent Frick from
bringing in replacements.

The fight has
turned personal.

But Frick isn't
about to back down.

He calls in
reinforcements.

For years, the Pinkerton
Detectives have been

a private police force.

Best known for tracking
down train robbers.

They even stopped a plot
to assassinate Abraham Lincoln.

And were hired as the
President's personal bodyguards.

But now they've become
an army for hire.

With more men and
guns than the U.S. Military.

If you have the money,
they'll fight for you.

And Frick has the money.

- HEINDE: We'll
enter by the river,

take them by force
if necessary.

Remember your training,
follow orders.

If they start shooting
we'll hit them back hard.

There is no place
for cowardice.

- DAVID NASAW: The
Pinkertons were mercenaries.

They were from
out of town.

They had no ties
to Pittsburgh,

no ties to these workers.

They were paid a wage
to wield their clubs.

The moment Frick made
the decision to bring in

Pinkertons, the die was
cast and the only way

this strike was going to
end was in tragedy.

- HEINDE: FIRE!

- NARRATOR: 2,000 men
barricade themselves

inside the
Homestead plant.

Causing steel production
to grind to a hault.

Carnegie Steel's
chairman, Henry Frick,

is in no mood
to negotiate.

Under pressure to
quell the revolt,

Frick brings in
the Pintertons.

A mercenary army capable
of outgunning the U.S. Military.

And their presence
threatens to be the spark

that light the powder keg.

- DAVID NASAW: Frick
thought to himself

when the workers see
the Pinkertons,

when they see that I'm not
going to back down

they will back down.

He thought a
show of strength,

a show of resolve, was
all that was needed.

And that would be the end.

He badly miscalculated.

- O'DONNELL:
Hold your ground.

Stay calm.
Stay calm.

- HEINDE: We're here to take
possession of this property.

- CROWD: No!

- O'DONNELL: I suggest you
turn around and go home.

You're not getting in.

- HEINDE: If you
do not stand aside,

we will mow every
one of you down.

CROWD: Muttering.

- O'DONNELL: The blood
of innocent men

will be on your hands.

- HEINDE: Tear down
this barricade.

- CROWD: No!

- HEINDE: Fire!

Fire! Shoot them. Shoot!

- (guns firing)

- (moaning)

- (guns firing)

- (moaning)

- O'DONNELL:
Hold the line.

Keep your ground.

- HEINDE: Fire! Fire!

- You all right?
You all right?

- Take it.

- (groaning)

- (screaming)

- HEINDE: Fire!

Fire!

- (gagging)

- NARRATOR: When
the fighting stops,

nine Carnegie Steel
workers lie dead.

While countless others
sustain severe injuries.

But they manage to
hold their ground.

Until Pennsylvania's
Governor sends in

the state militia to
finally restore order.

Homestead is back in the
hands of the management.

But Andrew Carnegie's
problems are far from over.

The public is outraged
over the violence,

blaming chairman
Henry Frick directly.

Many are demanding
justice for the dead.

- Mr. Frick.

- (gun fires)

- NARRATOR: The vast and
rapid growth ofAmerica

is in full swing.

Railroads now connect
all 44 states.

Oil is the most precious
resource in the country.

And steel is
building our cities.

But growth at this pace
doesn't come without a cost.

Andrew Carnegie is making
more steel than anyone

else in the world.

To meet this level
of production,

his workers are on their
feet 12 hours a day,

six days a week.

The conditions spur them
to barricade the plant,

leading Carnegie's
Chairman, Henry Frick,

to call in mercenaries.

- HEINDE: Fire!

- (guns firing)

- (moaning)

- NARRATOR: A bloody battle
leaves nine workers dead.

Frick regains
control of Homestead.

But while the
carnage is over...

...the public outcry
is just beginning.

- DAVID NASAW: It
was a massacre.

Not just in terms of the
number of injured and dead.

But a massacre that
any civilians should be killed,

standing and
defending their plant.

- NARRATOR: Over night,
Homestead becomes a

searing symbol of life
and death in Industrial America.

- MAURY KLEIN: Carnegie
probably was appalled

at what happened
at Homestead.

He prided himself on
portraying his company

as an enlightened,
progressive company,

which in many ways it was.

What Homestead did was
cast a stain on that

and on his reputation
that he had

a very hard time
living down.

-NARRATOR: Carnegie extends
his stay in Scotland...

...Hoping the distance
will allow the controversy

to blow over.

But American reporters
track him down.

- Excuse me, just a word.
- No gentleman.

- Mr. Carnegie our readers...

- Another time gentlemen.
- Yes, just a word.

- I am not in the habit of
giving interviews

in the middle of public parks.
- Mr. Carnegie.

- Get out of
my damned way.

- NARRATOR: While Carnegie's
hounded by press abroad...

...At home, the public's
outrage is escalating.

A new group is emerging,

calling themselves
"The Anarchists."

Known for their
violent tactics,

they are beginning
to strike out.

Whenever and wherever
they see injustice.

Now they've turned
their attention

to the massacre at Homestead.

Demanding payback.

Their target is the
chairman of Carnegie Steel.

Henry Frick is determined
to get steel production

back up to speed.

But his enemies
have other plans.

- (footsteps)

- Mr. Frick.

- (gun fires)
- (yells)

- (Frick groans)

- (choking)

- (grunting)

- Get off of me.

Let me go.

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