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Our isles were once
covered by ice.
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00:00:35,240 --> 00:00:37,639
As the Earth warmed,
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grasses became the first plants
to reclaim the land.
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00:00:44,360 --> 00:00:45,639
Today,
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00:00:45,640 --> 00:00:49,320
they cover more than 40% of it.
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00:00:50,960 --> 00:00:53,839
Most of that is farmed,
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00:00:53,840 --> 00:00:56,679
but when these lands are
well managed,
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00:00:56,680 --> 00:00:59,840
they still provide homes
for wildlife.
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00:01:04,800 --> 00:01:07,160
It's early spring.
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00:01:08,480 --> 00:01:10,159
In a field of barley,
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a male brown hare
is searching for a female.
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00:01:16,640 --> 00:01:19,279
Using his excellent sense of smell,
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00:01:19,280 --> 00:01:22,320
he can tell that there is one
nearby.
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00:01:30,640 --> 00:01:33,880
But getting to mate with her won't
be easy
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He must deal with three challenges,
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before she'll consider him.
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00:01:48,080 --> 00:01:49,399
First...
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DRUM ROLL
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..boxing.
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To impress her,
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he must match her strength,
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but be careful not to hurt her.
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00:02:01,480 --> 00:02:04,439
Only if he can hold his own,
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will he be allowed to move
to the next stage.
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He puts up a good fight
and, so, passes her first test.
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00:02:21,120 --> 00:02:22,400
Her second test?
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00:02:23,680 --> 00:02:25,360
Stamina.
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00:02:28,160 --> 00:02:31,319
Hares are Britain's
fastest mammal,
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00:02:31,320 --> 00:02:34,840
and can reach speeds of 45mph.
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00:02:38,040 --> 00:02:40,999
The chase attracts other males,
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all fired up and eager to mate.
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His final test
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is to get rid of his rivals.
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00:02:53,200 --> 00:02:55,840
HIGH-SPIRITED MUSIC PLAYS
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00:03:01,440 --> 00:03:04,359
Despite their competition,
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he hangs on to the top spot.
37
00:03:11,880 --> 00:03:14,880
But distracted hares must be
careful.
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00:03:16,600 --> 00:03:19,360
OMINOUS MUSIC PLAYS
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00:03:24,280 --> 00:03:28,040
Their courtship competitions have
made them conspicuous.
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00:03:33,440 --> 00:03:38,160
A golden eagle can spot one
from two miles away.
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00:03:42,720 --> 00:03:45,799
In a straight line,
the eagle is faster,
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00:03:45,800 --> 00:03:47,799
but by twisting and turning,
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the hare dodges its attacks.
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Nonetheless, she is relentless.
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00:03:56,600 --> 00:03:59,760
DRAMATIC MUSIC PLAYS
46
00:04:11,800 --> 00:04:15,039
Golden eagles once chased hares
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across all of our isles.
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00:04:19,440 --> 00:04:22,319
But as our wild grasslands
have diminished,
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00:04:22,320 --> 00:04:25,640
these contests have become
a rare sight.
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00:04:45,280 --> 00:04:50,399
When I was a boy, back in the
1930s, growing up in Leicester,
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00:04:50,400 --> 00:04:57,039
I spent days on my bicycle
exploring the local countryside.
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00:04:57,040 --> 00:05:02,079
Back then, it was easy to find hay
meadows like this one,
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00:05:02,080 --> 00:05:04,879
rich with wild flowers
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00:05:04,880 --> 00:05:07,479
and swarming with butterflies
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and insects of all kinds.
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00:05:10,480 --> 00:05:15,079
But since then, we have lost more
than 95%
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of these wonderful habitats.
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00:05:17,880 --> 00:05:20,319
In this episode,
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00:05:20,320 --> 00:05:25,839
we will show why our wildlife needs
rich, wild grasslands
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00:05:25,840 --> 00:05:29,679
and take you on a journey from the
rare coastal flower meadows
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00:05:29,680 --> 00:05:32,199
of the Scottish Hebrides,
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right up to the heather moorlands
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in the high mountains.
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WIND WHISTLES
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Few things can tame this
fierce landscape...
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..but grasses can.
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Here in the Outer Hebrides,
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their roots have bound the loose
grains together
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and created a formidable barrier.
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00:06:12,120 --> 00:06:16,359
Miles of sand dunes
form a natural sea wall,
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protecting one of the most important
habitats in the world -
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the machair grassland.
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BIRDSONG AND BUZZING
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00:06:28,320 --> 00:06:32,439
5,500 years of traditional,
non-intensive farming
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00:06:32,440 --> 00:06:37,759
on shell-sand soils has created
these rich, wild flower meadows,
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unique to Scotland and Ireland.
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Free from pesticides,
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they are home to hundreds of rare
flowers and insects.
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00:06:48,640 --> 00:06:51,360
BUZZING
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Each spring, the machair becomes
a nursery for ground-nesting birds.
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00:06:58,840 --> 00:07:01,240
CHIRPING
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It's alive with chicks,
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all doing their best to escape
from their parents.
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00:07:11,080 --> 00:07:13,279
Since 1960,
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00:07:13,280 --> 00:07:15,319
lapwing numbers in Britain
and Ireland
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have dropped by 80%...
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..which makes every one
of these chicks
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very valuable.
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00:07:27,560 --> 00:07:31,239
Just a day old, this youngster is
starting off on
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its first food-finding mission.
91
00:07:41,440 --> 00:07:44,279
Common gulls patrol the nursery,
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hoping to pick off an unwary chick.
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Adult lapwings have excellent
eyesight,
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and attack at the first
sign of threat.
95
00:08:00,560 --> 00:08:01,959
DRAMATIC MUSIC PLAYS
96
00:08:01,960 --> 00:08:03,880
SQUAWKING
97
00:08:08,560 --> 00:08:11,960
And there are other wading birds
here, too...
98
00:08:15,120 --> 00:08:19,800
..and a multi-species air force
takes to the wing.
99
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Alarm calls warn all the chicks,
100
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whatever their species,
to stay hidden.
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SIREN CALL
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But the gull knows that the grass is
full of chicks
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and won't give up.
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CHIRPING
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SQUAWKING
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This time, it takes a young
oystercatcher...
107
00:09:07,480 --> 00:09:11,159
..and the lapwing chick gets
back to its mother.
108
00:09:11,160 --> 00:09:13,680
MELANCHOLY MUSIC PLAYS
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SQUAWKING
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Across Britain and Ireland,
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habitat loss to intensive
agriculture
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00:09:20,720 --> 00:09:25,520
has caused numbers of birds like
these to greatly reduce.
113
00:09:29,200 --> 00:09:32,639
But thanks to nature-friendly
farming methods,
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00:09:32,640 --> 00:09:35,799
the Outer Hebrides
remain a vital sanctuary
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00:09:35,800 --> 00:09:39,400
for our most endangered
ground-nesting species.
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All our grasslands
are now managed by people.
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But they weren't always like this.
118
00:09:59,080 --> 00:10:02,559
Once there were vast scrub-covered
wildernesses,
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studded with patches of grassland.
120
00:10:11,200 --> 00:10:13,559
Roaming freely across them
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00:10:13,560 --> 00:10:16,359
were herds of wild cattle
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and wild horses.
123
00:10:20,080 --> 00:10:21,919
HORSES WHINNY
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00:10:21,920 --> 00:10:26,679
In some areas, such
species are being reintroduced
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00:10:26,680 --> 00:10:31,959
in the hope of recreating these once
extensive grasslands.
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00:10:31,960 --> 00:10:33,880
HORSES NEIGH
127
00:10:41,920 --> 00:10:47,320
In Cambridgeshire, there are large
free-ranging herds of horses.
128
00:10:54,840 --> 00:10:57,880
There are five family units
in this herd...
129
00:11:00,080 --> 00:11:03,759
..each ruled by a dominant stallion.
130
00:11:03,760 --> 00:11:07,160
THEY GRUNT AND WHINNY
131
00:11:19,880 --> 00:11:22,239
They're regularly on the move,
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00:11:22,240 --> 00:11:25,159
searching for the best food.
133
00:11:25,160 --> 00:11:27,719
They eat young trees,
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00:11:27,720 --> 00:11:31,720
and so prevent grassland
turning into forest.
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By disturbing the ground,
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they allow many species that
were once common in such places,
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to return.
138
00:11:48,720 --> 00:11:50,759
It's late spring,
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and the herd's numbers
are increasing.
140
00:11:57,320 --> 00:12:02,720
Just 24 hours old, this youngster is
taking his first faltering steps.
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00:12:08,320 --> 00:12:11,159
The stallion guards the mare
closely.
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00:12:11,160 --> 00:12:13,200
WHINNIES
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Having just given birth,
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she will soon be ready
to mate again.
145
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A rival stallion
notices her condition
146
00:12:34,320 --> 00:12:36,919
and tensions begin to rise.
147
00:12:36,920 --> 00:12:39,280
WHINNYING AND SNORTING
148
00:12:42,000 --> 00:12:45,160
Looks might be tolerated
by the dominant stallion...
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00:12:47,160 --> 00:12:48,999
WHINNIES
150
00:12:49,000 --> 00:12:51,800
..but anything else
will bring trouble.
151
00:13:00,600 --> 00:13:03,399
A well-placed kick
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00:13:03,400 --> 00:13:05,399
could do serious damage.
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00:13:05,400 --> 00:13:07,240
DRAMATIC MUSIC
154
00:13:09,720 --> 00:13:10,760
NEIGHING
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00:13:20,200 --> 00:13:22,080
GRUNTING AND BRAYING
156
00:13:28,960 --> 00:13:32,520
This time, the challenger retreats.
157
00:13:36,400 --> 00:13:40,959
Traditional breeds of horses are now
being gradually reintroduced
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00:13:40,960 --> 00:13:44,760
to isolated grasslands across
the British Isles.
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00:13:47,000 --> 00:13:49,879
By expanding and connecting
these reserves,
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00:13:49,880 --> 00:13:54,119
we could restore large swathes of
our lost wilderness,
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00:13:54,120 --> 00:13:55,959
if we wanted to.
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00:13:55,960 --> 00:13:58,240
HORSE NEIGHS
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00:14:03,000 --> 00:14:06,439
Grasses, when allowed to grow tall
and wild,
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00:14:06,440 --> 00:14:10,520
can conceal animals that few people
get to see.
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00:14:12,920 --> 00:14:16,199
Here, there is a network
of hidden trails,
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00:14:16,200 --> 00:14:19,520
made by Britain's
most abundant mammal.
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00:14:25,800 --> 00:14:29,800
Yet, despite there being more than
50-million of them...
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00:14:30,880 --> 00:14:33,760
..this little rodent
is tricky to spot.
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00:14:35,960 --> 00:14:37,640
It's NOT a mouse.
170
00:14:39,320 --> 00:14:44,159
It's a vole - a small rodent with
teeth specially adapted
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for chewing grass.
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00:14:54,560 --> 00:14:57,639
This female is in a hurry...
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00:14:57,640 --> 00:15:00,000
ANIMATED MUSIC PLAYS
174
00:15:05,080 --> 00:15:10,759
..because it's time to feed
her babies.
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00:15:10,760 --> 00:15:11,920
SQUEAKING
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She has six.
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00:15:17,160 --> 00:15:19,399
They're just ten-days-old
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00:15:19,400 --> 00:15:23,559
and still reliant on her for milk
and body heat.
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00:15:23,560 --> 00:15:24,999
She doesn't leave them
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00:15:25,000 --> 00:15:27,200
for more than
half an hour at a time.
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00:15:30,640 --> 00:15:32,839
But to feed them all and herself,
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00:15:32,840 --> 00:15:36,639
she must eat almost her entire
body weight in grass
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00:15:36,640 --> 00:15:38,040
every day.
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00:15:43,480 --> 00:15:47,039
Knowing every turn
in her maze of trails,
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00:15:47,040 --> 00:15:51,519
she can reach her favourite feeding
spots without being seen...
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00:15:51,520 --> 00:15:53,120
CRUNCHING
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..but she can be heard.
188
00:16:00,800 --> 00:16:04,239
Short-eared owls have
excellent hearing,
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00:16:04,240 --> 00:16:07,960
and field voles make up
90% of their diet.
190
00:16:21,920 --> 00:16:24,359
At the slightest hint of danger,
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00:16:24,360 --> 00:16:26,999
the mother vole
deploys her best defence.
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00:16:27,000 --> 00:16:29,160
DRAMATIC MUSIC CRESCENDOS
193
00:16:36,920 --> 00:16:38,480
She freezes.
194
00:16:45,600 --> 00:16:50,360
Short-eared owls can hear a whisker
scratching against grass.
195
00:17:02,880 --> 00:17:06,479
But she must get back to her babies.
196
00:17:06,480 --> 00:17:08,000
SUSPENSEFUL MUSIC
197
00:17:38,000 --> 00:17:43,159
Field voles breed successfully
when grasses aren't cut short,
198
00:17:43,160 --> 00:17:46,960
meaning the owl's next meal
won't be far away.
199
00:17:52,840 --> 00:17:54,359
BELL TOLLS
200
00:17:54,360 --> 00:17:57,319
In southern England,
a few precious pockets
201
00:17:57,320 --> 00:18:02,360
of chalk grassland have remained
unchanged for thousands of years.
202
00:18:04,080 --> 00:18:09,360
Light grazing by livestock maintains
their rich variety of plants.
203
00:18:11,960 --> 00:18:14,399
On a hillside near Dorchester,
204
00:18:14,400 --> 00:18:18,519
an apparently empty snail
shell is moving.
205
00:18:18,520 --> 00:18:20,680
JOCULAR MUSIC
206
00:18:23,920 --> 00:18:25,600
A mason bee.
207
00:18:29,280 --> 00:18:33,440
There are a dozen different species
of mason bee in Britain.
208
00:18:34,640 --> 00:18:37,359
Most nest in holes.
209
00:18:37,360 --> 00:18:39,959
But this one,
the two-coloured mason bee,
210
00:18:39,960 --> 00:18:43,920
prefers to rear her family
in snail shells.
211
00:18:51,280 --> 00:18:54,800
Many of those, of course,
are still occupied.
212
00:18:58,720 --> 00:19:00,240
She needs help.
213
00:19:06,280 --> 00:19:09,840
Glow worm larvae are always hungry.
214
00:19:11,200 --> 00:19:14,399
These little insects might
be slow...
215
00:19:14,400 --> 00:19:17,359
..but that doesn't matter
216
00:19:17,360 --> 00:19:20,599
when you're hunting a snail.
217
00:19:20,600 --> 00:19:22,480
SINISTER MUSIC
218
00:19:28,560 --> 00:19:30,559
The meal may take a week,
219
00:19:30,560 --> 00:19:35,280
but once it's finished,
all that is left is an empty shell.
220
00:19:40,920 --> 00:19:43,039
And that is perfect
221
00:19:43,040 --> 00:19:45,040
for the bee.
222
00:19:46,720 --> 00:19:48,879
Fresh shells are the strongest
223
00:19:48,880 --> 00:19:51,680
and will give her young the best
chance of survival.
224
00:19:55,920 --> 00:19:58,919
She sets about filling it
with pollen,
225
00:19:58,920 --> 00:20:04,079
food for her young, when the egg
she lays inside hatches.
226
00:20:04,080 --> 00:20:06,160
BUZZING
227
00:20:10,840 --> 00:20:15,719
Using tiny pieces of rubble, and
glue made from chewed-up leaves,
228
00:20:15,720 --> 00:20:18,960
she carefully seals the front door.
229
00:20:25,920 --> 00:20:28,800
But that isn't the end of this
mother's care.
230
00:20:31,480 --> 00:20:34,400
And her last trick is
extraordinary...
231
00:20:38,160 --> 00:20:42,200
..because this bee
is something of a witch!
232
00:20:45,200 --> 00:20:49,399
There are more than 250 species
of wild bees in Britain,
233
00:20:49,400 --> 00:20:53,880
but this is the only one
that rides a broomstick!
234
00:20:58,880 --> 00:21:02,039
She's collecting hundreds
of dry grass stems
235
00:21:02,040 --> 00:21:05,280
to hide her snail-shell nests.
236
00:21:13,040 --> 00:21:15,520
She may build up to 20 of them.
237
00:21:19,560 --> 00:21:25,799
About a third of our food comes from
plants pollinated by bees,
238
00:21:25,800 --> 00:21:29,199
but due to habitat loss
and use of pesticides,
239
00:21:29,200 --> 00:21:33,160
wild bee species are in decline.
240
00:21:38,880 --> 00:21:40,799
We can help them recover,
241
00:21:40,800 --> 00:21:45,200
by restoring wild areas between our
intensively-managed fields.
242
00:21:58,680 --> 00:22:04,280
If grasslands are to be rich and
diverse, they have to be grazed.
243
00:22:07,000 --> 00:22:11,039
And we can thank the Romans and the
Normans for bringing with them
244
00:22:11,040 --> 00:22:14,080
one of nature's best lawnmowers...
245
00:22:16,160 --> 00:22:17,520
..rabbits.
246
00:22:22,560 --> 00:22:24,039
Unlike their cousins,
247
00:22:24,040 --> 00:22:26,719
the larger hares,
248
00:22:26,720 --> 00:22:29,160
they dig tunnels.
249
00:22:30,800 --> 00:22:33,200
Bolt holes are essential...
250
00:22:34,720 --> 00:22:37,359
..if you're the favourite
food of a buzzard.
251
00:22:37,360 --> 00:22:38,960
OMINOUS MUSIC
252
00:22:40,120 --> 00:22:43,760
A foot-thump raises the alarm.
253
00:22:47,720 --> 00:22:49,920
But not everyone pays attention.
254
00:23:01,280 --> 00:23:03,240
DRAMATIC MUSIC CRESCENDOS
255
00:23:17,440 --> 00:23:19,000
One less youngster,
256
00:23:20,360 --> 00:23:23,840
..but then, rabbits are rather good
at breeding.
257
00:23:31,560 --> 00:23:34,439
A male - a buck -
258
00:23:34,440 --> 00:23:38,000
offers a female two kinds of gift.
259
00:23:40,720 --> 00:23:43,280
First, perfume.
260
00:23:46,400 --> 00:23:51,320
A gland under his chin produces
a cocktail of pheromones.
261
00:24:00,920 --> 00:24:04,600
His second gift
is rather less romantic.
262
00:24:09,160 --> 00:24:11,559
He pees on her.
263
00:24:11,560 --> 00:24:13,960
JOCULAR MUSIC PLAYS
264
00:24:16,960 --> 00:24:20,879
His particular smell
helps her decide whether or not
265
00:24:20,880 --> 00:24:23,080
she will let him father her babies.
266
00:24:25,760 --> 00:24:29,119
His choice of aftershave, however,
267
00:24:29,120 --> 00:24:31,320
hasn't yet convinced her.
268
00:24:41,880 --> 00:24:43,919
Darkness does nothing
269
00:24:43,920 --> 00:24:46,320
to dampen his enthusiasm.
270
00:24:54,480 --> 00:24:58,000
Finally, the buck is in luck!
271
00:25:02,320 --> 00:25:04,799
This giant warren in Dorset
272
00:25:04,800 --> 00:25:06,920
is one of the largest in Britain.
273
00:25:08,880 --> 00:25:10,599
OWL HOOTS
274
00:25:10,600 --> 00:25:14,359
It's home to more
than a thousand rabbits...
275
00:25:14,360 --> 00:25:17,359
..and at night, they all feel
sufficiently confident
276
00:25:17,360 --> 00:25:19,440
to leave their burrows.
277
00:25:22,720 --> 00:25:25,280
And foxes know that.
278
00:25:27,360 --> 00:25:30,040
So this is when they usually hunt.
279
00:25:33,280 --> 00:25:35,440
DROLL MUSIC PLAYS
280
00:25:43,360 --> 00:25:45,400
That was just a vole.
281
00:25:47,440 --> 00:25:48,759
Back at the den,
282
00:25:48,760 --> 00:25:52,399
his vixen is looking
after their four hungry pups.
283
00:25:52,400 --> 00:25:54,320
PUPS WHINE
284
00:25:59,240 --> 00:26:01,160
Make that five!
285
00:26:13,320 --> 00:26:16,120
The rabbits watch the fox
closely.
286
00:26:20,480 --> 00:26:23,079
As long as they can see him,
287
00:26:23,080 --> 00:26:24,960
they can outrun him.
288
00:26:34,240 --> 00:26:36,200
But they can't hide.
289
00:26:40,760 --> 00:26:44,840
It's a mistake to think that you are
always safe in a burrow.
290
00:26:47,520 --> 00:26:49,399
If there is only one way out,
291
00:26:49,400 --> 00:26:52,559
a tunnel could become a trap.
292
00:26:52,560 --> 00:26:53,840
SHRIEK
293
00:26:55,920 --> 00:26:57,760
SOMBRE MUSIC
294
00:27:22,320 --> 00:27:25,440
A rabbit's life is full of danger.
295
00:27:27,520 --> 00:27:30,759
A big warren
can lose hundreds each year,
296
00:27:30,760 --> 00:27:33,799
but without losses to foxes
and buzzards,
297
00:27:33,800 --> 00:27:38,000
rabbits could soon eat themselves
into starvation.
298
00:27:44,720 --> 00:27:46,720
BIRDSONG
299
00:27:48,800 --> 00:27:51,199
As farming has intensified,
300
00:27:51,200 --> 00:27:55,000
most of our traditional meadows
have disappeared.
301
00:27:57,840 --> 00:28:03,279
Species-rich grasslands now occupy
only about 1% of the land.
302
00:28:03,280 --> 00:28:05,120
BUZZING
303
00:28:07,320 --> 00:28:10,599
Their reduction in numbers is
one of the reasons
304
00:28:10,600 --> 00:28:14,840
why half of our butterfly species
are now at risk of extinction.
305
00:28:19,240 --> 00:28:23,040
But, in Gloucestershire, one species
is making a comeback.
306
00:28:25,600 --> 00:28:31,160
It has one of the most extraordinary
lifecycles of any insect anywhere.
307
00:28:35,320 --> 00:28:38,760
Most caterpillars find their food
among flowers.
308
00:28:41,960 --> 00:28:46,240
This particular species, however,
feeds in an entirely different way.
309
00:28:52,120 --> 00:28:55,160
A way that is full of risks.
310
00:28:59,000 --> 00:29:01,160
Ants eat caterpillars.
311
00:29:03,480 --> 00:29:07,320
But this caterpillar
is a master trickster.
312
00:29:13,280 --> 00:29:18,240
First, she releases a droplet of
honeydew from a gland on her back...
313
00:29:21,240 --> 00:29:24,040
..encouraging the worker ant
to tend to her.
314
00:29:28,960 --> 00:29:32,800
Next, she does something even more
remarkable.
315
00:29:35,760 --> 00:29:37,959
She takes in air,
316
00:29:37,960 --> 00:29:39,760
inflating her body...
317
00:29:46,160 --> 00:29:48,999
..and then she releases it...
318
00:29:49,000 --> 00:29:50,639
MIMICS CHIRRUPING
319
00:29:50,640 --> 00:29:54,880
..making a sound that resembles the
distress call of a queen ant...
320
00:29:57,520 --> 00:30:01,760
..whilst bathing the worker
in intoxicating pheromones.
321
00:30:05,240 --> 00:30:08,839
In response, the worker ant picks up
the caterpillar
322
00:30:08,840 --> 00:30:12,480
and takes it back to the nest -
as if rescuing it.
323
00:30:16,560 --> 00:30:20,320
But will the other ants accept
the caterpillar as a queen?
324
00:30:22,240 --> 00:30:24,119
SQUEAKS
325
00:30:24,120 --> 00:30:26,599
She continues her royal squeaking
326
00:30:26,600 --> 00:30:29,320
and, amazingly, they do.
327
00:30:32,800 --> 00:30:34,719
Once inside the nest,
328
00:30:34,720 --> 00:30:37,480
the caterpillar can go wherever
she likes.
329
00:30:40,760 --> 00:30:44,399
Surrounded by thousands of ants that
could easily kill her,
330
00:30:44,400 --> 00:30:47,640
she finally gets the reward
for her trickery.
331
00:30:53,600 --> 00:30:57,759
This caterpillar is one of the very
few in the world
332
00:30:57,760 --> 00:31:00,679
that becomes carnivorous.
333
00:31:00,680 --> 00:31:03,080
DRAMATIC MUSIC
334
00:31:08,160 --> 00:31:09,719
Over the next six months,
335
00:31:09,720 --> 00:31:14,479
this fake queen eats the defenceless
ant larvae,
336
00:31:14,480 --> 00:31:19,480
until she's 100 times her
original size.
337
00:31:29,320 --> 00:31:32,840
Then, having consumed
almost the entire ant colony...
338
00:31:35,640 --> 00:31:37,240
..she pupates...
339
00:31:39,160 --> 00:31:40,920
..and becomes a chrysalis.
340
00:31:46,760 --> 00:31:48,759
Nearly a year later,
341
00:31:48,760 --> 00:31:52,000
on one warm spring day...
342
00:31:53,240 --> 00:31:56,239
..she performs her final trick.
343
00:31:56,240 --> 00:31:58,160
ENTHRALLING MUSIC
344
00:32:08,800 --> 00:32:11,879
She emerges from the shroud
of her chrysalis
345
00:32:11,880 --> 00:32:14,920
as an adult Large Blue butterfly.
346
00:32:24,840 --> 00:32:28,920
40 years ago, the Large Blue
was extinct in Britain.
347
00:32:30,480 --> 00:32:34,319
But once its extraordinary
life cycle was understood,
348
00:32:34,320 --> 00:32:38,959
it was reintroduced from Europe
to restored meadows here
349
00:32:38,960 --> 00:32:44,160
and now we have one of the densest
populations to be found anywhere.
350
00:32:54,400 --> 00:32:58,559
Throughout the British Isles
there are rugged uplands,
351
00:32:58,560 --> 00:33:01,920
where grasses are replaced
by other kinds of plants.
352
00:33:04,280 --> 00:33:09,319
For thousands of years, people have
farmed these seemingly wild places,
353
00:33:09,320 --> 00:33:12,920
creating a landscape
that is now dominated by heather.
354
00:33:14,480 --> 00:33:16,999
And in the wilder parts,
355
00:33:17,000 --> 00:33:19,040
lives one of Britain's rarest
birds...
356
00:33:21,000 --> 00:33:23,000
..black grouse.
357
00:33:26,480 --> 00:33:30,439
The males come here at dawn
to display competitively
358
00:33:30,440 --> 00:33:34,160
throughout the spring
in special places called leks.
359
00:33:36,520 --> 00:33:41,279
Each male competes to claim a small
area in the centre of the lek
360
00:33:41,280 --> 00:33:44,679
and then invites females
to visit him
361
00:33:44,680 --> 00:33:48,239
by producing an extraordinary
bubbling song.
362
00:33:48,240 --> 00:33:50,400
GROUSE SINGS
363
00:33:58,800 --> 00:34:01,599
This particular lek
in the Cairngorms
364
00:34:01,600 --> 00:34:04,119
is dominated by a formidable male,
365
00:34:04,120 --> 00:34:05,919
nicknamed The Boss.
366
00:34:05,920 --> 00:34:06,960
DRAMATIC MUSIC
367
00:34:10,160 --> 00:34:13,519
Each morning,
he fights off challengers.
368
00:34:13,520 --> 00:34:16,080
IRATE COOING
369
00:34:20,800 --> 00:34:25,399
But now, a new cock on the block
has arrived...
370
00:34:25,400 --> 00:34:26,919
HISSING
371
00:34:26,920 --> 00:34:28,320
..Half Tail.
372
00:34:31,160 --> 00:34:33,399
He's no stranger to a fight,
373
00:34:33,400 --> 00:34:36,519
having already lost
some of his tail feathers
374
00:34:36,520 --> 00:34:39,200
in a close shave
with a golden eagle.
375
00:34:41,240 --> 00:34:45,240
And now, he's set his sights
on The Boss's crown.
376
00:34:51,320 --> 00:34:55,600
For the past week, the two of them
have been sizing each other up.
377
00:34:58,440 --> 00:35:01,120
And now, it's the showdown.
378
00:35:03,440 --> 00:35:05,680
DRAMATIC MUSIC
379
00:35:38,960 --> 00:35:41,200
Half Tail has triumphed.
380
00:35:42,640 --> 00:35:45,320
This lek has a new boss.
381
00:35:47,000 --> 00:35:49,320
And his timing couldn't be better.
382
00:35:51,240 --> 00:35:53,999
A female has arrived.
383
00:35:54,000 --> 00:35:55,920
HALF TAIL COOS
384
00:35:58,520 --> 00:36:01,639
This is his chance to impress.
385
00:36:01,640 --> 00:36:05,399
She might only visit this lek
once this year.
386
00:36:05,400 --> 00:36:07,600
COOING CONTINUES
387
00:36:25,040 --> 00:36:27,159
He's been lucky this morning,
388
00:36:27,160 --> 00:36:31,519
but Half Tail must hold his position
at the centre of the lek
389
00:36:31,520 --> 00:36:33,960
if he's to get another chance.
390
00:36:42,040 --> 00:36:44,760
Our uplands have harsh winters.
391
00:36:46,880 --> 00:36:50,279
But there are some sheltered
and undisturbed places
392
00:36:50,280 --> 00:36:54,240
that suit one surprising
year-round resident.
393
00:36:57,440 --> 00:37:01,040
As the spring sun warms
these slopes in Northumbria...
394
00:37:04,400 --> 00:37:07,360
..a rare reptile becomes active.
395
00:37:13,840 --> 00:37:17,559
A male adder sheds his winter skin,
396
00:37:17,560 --> 00:37:20,319
revealing his zigzag stripe,
397
00:37:20,320 --> 00:37:23,239
the distinctive pattern
that identifies
398
00:37:23,240 --> 00:37:25,720
Britain's only venomous snake.
399
00:37:31,040 --> 00:37:33,800
Now, he needs to find a female.
400
00:37:37,720 --> 00:37:40,239
Guided by an acute sense of smell,
401
00:37:40,240 --> 00:37:44,560
this 40cm long male
sets off to find a female.
402
00:37:47,520 --> 00:37:50,240
He may have to travel
a mile or more.
403
00:37:51,880 --> 00:37:53,799
But he's in luck.
404
00:37:53,800 --> 00:37:57,520
A female,
newly emerged from hibernation.
405
00:38:04,800 --> 00:38:07,040
Sliding over her back...
406
00:38:09,240 --> 00:38:11,920
..he begins a delicate courtship.
407
00:38:29,440 --> 00:38:34,000
But he's not the only one
around here searching for a mate.
408
00:38:47,920 --> 00:38:50,399
Rearing up as high as he can,
409
00:38:50,400 --> 00:38:54,760
he uses his whole body to try
and pin his opponent to the ground.
410
00:39:04,280 --> 00:39:07,160
These duels can last
for up to an hour.
411
00:39:23,480 --> 00:39:27,120
Eventually,
the challenger gives way.
412
00:39:32,200 --> 00:39:34,679
The male continues his courtship,
413
00:39:34,680 --> 00:39:37,439
gently tapping the female
with his head
414
00:39:37,440 --> 00:39:40,120
while using his coils
to massage her...
415
00:39:41,400 --> 00:39:44,040
..until she allows him to mate.
416
00:39:49,000 --> 00:39:51,840
But then, more eager males arrive.
417
00:39:57,040 --> 00:40:01,440
He must stay attached to her
long enough to transfer his sperm.
418
00:40:02,600 --> 00:40:06,079
And fortunately, he has
just the equipment needed
419
00:40:06,080 --> 00:40:08,240
to help him do that...
420
00:40:11,160 --> 00:40:13,360
..a penis with barbs.
421
00:40:17,320 --> 00:40:19,239
Once mating has started,
422
00:40:19,240 --> 00:40:22,880
the adders remain locked together
for up to an hour.
423
00:40:24,360 --> 00:40:27,639
And that means
wherever the female goes,
424
00:40:27,640 --> 00:40:30,960
the male is also dragged along.
425
00:40:40,280 --> 00:40:43,640
She will mate with many males
in the coming months.
426
00:40:45,400 --> 00:40:47,919
So for her other suitors,
427
00:40:47,920 --> 00:40:49,840
all is not lost.
428
00:40:55,440 --> 00:40:59,759
At the end of spring,
a more relaxed courtship takes place
429
00:40:59,760 --> 00:41:02,920
in the skies
of the Scottish Highlands.
430
00:41:07,880 --> 00:41:10,319
A sky dance.
431
00:41:10,320 --> 00:41:12,480
SOARING VIOLIN MUSIC
432
00:41:22,640 --> 00:41:25,200
A male hen harrier.
433
00:41:37,280 --> 00:41:39,959
Weaving and rolling through the air,
434
00:41:39,960 --> 00:41:43,520
he's doing his best to catch
the attention of a female.
435
00:41:51,720 --> 00:41:55,360
But conspicuous behaviour
can bring danger.
436
00:41:57,800 --> 00:42:02,639
Decades of illegal persecution
of hen harriers on some grouse moors
437
00:42:02,640 --> 00:42:06,800
has meant that this dance
almost vanished from our skies.
438
00:42:13,960 --> 00:42:17,119
Fortunately,
in a few protected places,
439
00:42:17,120 --> 00:42:20,160
hen harriers are now
slowly starting to recover.
440
00:42:23,760 --> 00:42:26,919
And this male's efforts
have paid off.
441
00:42:26,920 --> 00:42:28,880
CHIRPING
442
00:42:33,160 --> 00:42:36,720
But being a great aerial dancer
isn't enough.
443
00:42:42,320 --> 00:42:45,800
He must also provide his mate
with a meal.
444
00:42:48,840 --> 00:42:52,240
And he must deliver it
in exactly the right way.
445
00:42:56,040 --> 00:42:58,640
CHIRPING
446
00:43:07,040 --> 00:43:09,120
Convinced by his performance...
447
00:43:10,320 --> 00:43:13,600
..she chooses a nest
deep in the heather.
448
00:43:18,960 --> 00:43:24,040
Six weeks later, it's full of
hungry mouths waiting for food.
449
00:43:26,520 --> 00:43:29,400
The female has chosen a good mate.
450
00:43:35,680 --> 00:43:38,559
Only with both parents
working full-time
451
00:43:38,560 --> 00:43:42,159
will the chicks get enough food
to enable them to fledge
452
00:43:42,160 --> 00:43:46,440
and eventually help these rare birds
to recover their numbers.
453
00:44:05,320 --> 00:44:07,919
Even in our crowded isles,
454
00:44:07,920 --> 00:44:11,560
there are still places
that retain their wildness.
455
00:44:15,640 --> 00:44:21,320
In Ireland's County Kerry lies a
land that looks almost untouched.
456
00:44:29,080 --> 00:44:33,440
This is a landscape
being returned to wilderness.
457
00:44:36,080 --> 00:44:39,440
And it's the scene
of an age-old battle.
458
00:44:46,760 --> 00:44:51,840
This red deer stag has spent
his summer feeding in the mountains.
459
00:44:53,720 --> 00:44:57,279
HE BELLOWS
460
00:44:57,280 --> 00:44:59,199
But as autumn approaches,
461
00:44:59,200 --> 00:45:02,039
he comes down to lower ground
462
00:45:02,040 --> 00:45:06,160
to compete in the rut
and fight for females.
463
00:45:14,680 --> 00:45:16,719
But a more experienced stag
464
00:45:16,720 --> 00:45:19,999
has already claimed this
group of females.
465
00:45:20,000 --> 00:45:21,960
STAG GRUNTS
466
00:45:24,120 --> 00:45:27,360
The newcomer declares
his intentions.
467
00:45:31,840 --> 00:45:34,080
To win these females however...
468
00:45:35,840 --> 00:45:37,879
..he will have to fight.
469
00:45:37,880 --> 00:45:39,160
DRAMATIC MUSIC
470
00:45:44,720 --> 00:45:47,480
An antler in the eye
would blind him.
471
00:45:49,080 --> 00:45:51,880
An antler to the body
could kill him.
472
00:45:54,280 --> 00:45:56,000
ANTLERS CLATTER
473
00:46:14,040 --> 00:46:17,880
His inexperience
has cost him this victory.
474
00:46:19,120 --> 00:46:22,759
But losing one battle
doesn't necessarily mean
475
00:46:22,760 --> 00:46:25,160
that he's lost his chance to mate.
476
00:46:34,000 --> 00:46:37,199
Over the next few weeks,
the dominant stag
477
00:46:37,200 --> 00:46:41,600
is so busy guarding his harem
of females, that he doesn't eat.
478
00:46:44,480 --> 00:46:47,000
And that leaves him weak.
479
00:46:50,040 --> 00:46:53,720
This is the opportunity
the newcomer has been waiting for.
480
00:46:57,120 --> 00:46:59,279
The dominant stag is tired,
481
00:46:59,280 --> 00:47:03,880
but he has to fight once again
if he is to keep his females.
482
00:47:14,080 --> 00:47:17,520
For the newcomer, it's now or never.
483
00:47:23,320 --> 00:47:24,520
DRAMATIC MUSIC
484
00:47:53,720 --> 00:47:55,200
MUSIC CRESCENDOS
485
00:48:06,800 --> 00:48:09,360
BELLOWING
486
00:48:12,520 --> 00:48:16,560
The harem has been taken over
by the newcomer.
487
00:48:19,000 --> 00:48:21,159
At the end of this season,
488
00:48:21,160 --> 00:48:25,200
he will return to the mountains,
victorious.
489
00:48:33,280 --> 00:48:36,079
Almost all the grasslands
in our isles
490
00:48:36,080 --> 00:48:39,120
are now managed by and for people.
491
00:48:40,360 --> 00:48:44,960
Whether in the future we choose
to make room in them for wildlife...
492
00:48:45,920 --> 00:48:47,960
..is up to us.
493
00:49:00,520 --> 00:49:04,480
Wild eagles have never been
filmed hunting in the UK before.
494
00:49:05,680 --> 00:49:08,319
The challenge was to capture
this behaviour
495
00:49:08,320 --> 00:49:10,399
with not just golden eagles,
496
00:49:10,400 --> 00:49:14,160
but also the larger and rarer
white-tailed eagles.
497
00:49:15,360 --> 00:49:19,079
The team travelled to Islay
in the Scottish Hebrides.
498
00:49:19,080 --> 00:49:22,039
The eagle numbers here have been
increasing year-on-year
499
00:49:22,040 --> 00:49:25,319
and in a good year, you can have
eight or ten different eagles
500
00:49:25,320 --> 00:49:27,919
visiting this reserve
during the winter.
501
00:49:27,920 --> 00:49:30,759
The reserve is part
of a working farm
502
00:49:30,760 --> 00:49:33,599
and managed in a way
that benefits nature.
503
00:49:33,600 --> 00:49:37,279
Reserve manager James How
was the first to witness
504
00:49:37,280 --> 00:49:41,519
the returning white-tailed eagles
doing something extraordinary.
505
00:49:41,520 --> 00:49:43,839
It was probably four years ago
506
00:49:43,840 --> 00:49:47,199
that we started to see
the eagles coming in
507
00:49:47,200 --> 00:49:49,159
and having a look at the geese.
508
00:49:49,160 --> 00:49:51,319
At that stage it was just one eagle.
509
00:49:51,320 --> 00:49:54,799
Over the last few years,
that behaviour has just increased.
510
00:49:54,800 --> 00:49:57,719
So you've got these phenomenal
flocks of geese here
511
00:49:57,720 --> 00:50:01,119
and now we have apex predators
hunting them, which...
512
00:50:01,120 --> 00:50:03,040
It feels complete somehow.
513
00:50:04,080 --> 00:50:06,239
But it wasn't always like this.
514
00:50:06,240 --> 00:50:10,119
White-tailed eagles once
lived across Britain and Ireland,
515
00:50:10,120 --> 00:50:13,599
but were so heavily persecuted
that they became extinct
516
00:50:13,600 --> 00:50:15,760
at the start of the 20th century.
517
00:50:16,920 --> 00:50:20,600
These giants needed
a helping hand to return.
518
00:50:21,800 --> 00:50:25,280
The first attempt at releases
was back in 1968.
519
00:50:26,760 --> 00:50:28,719
I was, crikey,
520
00:50:28,720 --> 00:50:31,279
27, on the island of Fiaraidh.
521
00:50:31,280 --> 00:50:32,879
And my boss said,
522
00:50:32,880 --> 00:50:36,599
"Look, I'm going to get four young
white-tailed eagles from Norway
523
00:50:36,600 --> 00:50:39,319
"and I want you
to reintroduce them to the island."
524
00:50:39,320 --> 00:50:44,120
Back then, re-introductions were new
and not always welcome.
525
00:50:45,280 --> 00:50:48,479
But these early efforts
eventually paid off
526
00:50:48,480 --> 00:50:52,920
and today, there are more than 100
breeding pairs across Scotland.
527
00:50:54,480 --> 00:50:59,159
On Islay, the team focus their work
around the eagles' favourite prey -
528
00:50:59,160 --> 00:51:02,039
brown hares and barnacle geese.
529
00:51:02,040 --> 00:51:05,559
What we're trying to attempt
is so difficult here
530
00:51:05,560 --> 00:51:07,719
because we are filming birds
531
00:51:07,720 --> 00:51:10,999
that can be over two mountains
in five or ten minutes.
532
00:51:11,000 --> 00:51:12,839
And to get ahead of them
533
00:51:12,840 --> 00:51:15,559
and try and work out where
their pray are going to be,
534
00:51:15,560 --> 00:51:16,799
there's no choice,
535
00:51:16,800 --> 00:51:18,719
you just have to put hours and hours
and hours into it.
536
00:51:18,720 --> 00:51:23,120
The team spread out to watch as
many geese and hares as possible.
537
00:51:24,640 --> 00:51:28,079
We have to have static camera teams,
hide camera teams,
538
00:51:28,080 --> 00:51:29,999
roving camera teams.
539
00:51:30,000 --> 00:51:32,519
And we also have to have
a huge team of spotters.
540
00:51:32,520 --> 00:51:35,440
But the famous Hebridean weather
had other ideas.
541
00:51:37,960 --> 00:51:42,119
Ouch! These hailstones
are about 2mm or 3mm across.
542
00:51:42,120 --> 00:51:43,840
They are like being hit
with BB pellets!
543
00:51:49,160 --> 00:51:51,359
How are we supposed to film in this?
544
00:51:51,360 --> 00:51:54,239
No wonder there are no eagles
this morning!
545
00:51:54,240 --> 00:51:58,839
And one team member couldn't even
make it across from the mainland.
546
00:51:58,840 --> 00:52:00,679
We've been grounded.
547
00:52:00,680 --> 00:52:03,079
Because the bad weather
and the storm,
548
00:52:03,080 --> 00:52:05,239
the ferries are not going any more.
549
00:52:05,240 --> 00:52:09,159
But all I can do is wait
until the storm finishes
550
00:52:09,160 --> 00:52:11,959
and then I can head over
and see them.
551
00:52:11,960 --> 00:52:16,599
Once the storm blows through and the
whole team are safely on the island,
552
00:52:16,600 --> 00:52:18,920
filming can finally begin.
553
00:52:20,800 --> 00:52:24,319
The tower hides enable views
right across the grassland
554
00:52:24,320 --> 00:52:26,800
where the eagles' prey congregate.
555
00:52:28,080 --> 00:52:31,879
But first, the team need to learn
the habits of the individual birds
556
00:52:31,880 --> 00:52:34,520
and each day, the challenge
is to find them.
557
00:52:36,000 --> 00:52:39,199
OK, I think I've got them
very distant, way to the east.
558
00:52:39,200 --> 00:52:43,119
The white-tails went off with
an escort of jackdaws, over.
559
00:52:43,120 --> 00:52:46,239
OK. One's taken off
and is flying south-east now
560
00:52:46,240 --> 00:52:49,800
towards the fields. Hamza,
be much closer to you now.
561
00:52:51,120 --> 00:52:53,679
No, we don't have eyes
on it just yet.
562
00:52:53,680 --> 00:52:56,720
If you guys can direct me to it,
that would be ace.
563
00:52:57,840 --> 00:53:00,039
Still just going over the field.
564
00:53:00,040 --> 00:53:02,959
It doesn't look like it's got
any hunting on the brain
565
00:53:02,960 --> 00:53:04,679
at the moment though.
566
00:53:04,680 --> 00:53:07,239
Eagles don't always
hunt for their food.
567
00:53:07,240 --> 00:53:10,439
Young birds often scavenge
for an easy meal.
568
00:53:10,440 --> 00:53:14,479
So learning when they are in
hunt mode is key for the team.
569
00:53:14,480 --> 00:53:16,359
Getting the hang of who's who,
570
00:53:16,360 --> 00:53:19,159
because we can recognise four
different young eagles now
571
00:53:19,160 --> 00:53:22,079
and they do have a pattern
and they do have favourite places.
572
00:53:22,080 --> 00:53:24,879
There is a hierarchy where
they boss each other around.
573
00:53:24,880 --> 00:53:27,239
We've had four different
golden eagles today.
574
00:53:27,240 --> 00:53:29,399
We've had six different
white-tailed eagles.
575
00:53:29,400 --> 00:53:31,879
And we're still expecting
more to come in.
576
00:53:31,880 --> 00:53:34,759
As the team get to know
these birds intimately,
577
00:53:34,760 --> 00:53:38,079
it becomes clear
how special this place is.
578
00:53:38,080 --> 00:53:40,279
You can only really describe it
as an eagle school.
579
00:53:40,280 --> 00:53:43,639
You know, these young birds
are coming here to learn to hunt.
580
00:53:43,640 --> 00:53:45,760
It's basically Top Gun for eagles.
581
00:53:47,240 --> 00:53:50,360
We are surrounded by eagles.
That is amazing.
582
00:53:52,000 --> 00:53:54,079
We've just had birds fighting.
583
00:53:54,080 --> 00:53:57,720
Really, really lovely footage of all
of them, kind of, like, tumbling.
584
00:54:00,000 --> 00:54:03,559
After six weeks,
Jesse captures their first hunt.
585
00:54:03,560 --> 00:54:07,760
A young golden eagle
flushes a hare out on the flats.
586
00:54:10,000 --> 00:54:12,999
He bolted straight
out across the short grass.
587
00:54:13,000 --> 00:54:15,119
He jinked from side to side.
588
00:54:15,120 --> 00:54:18,319
The power that the eagle would
have had in a straight line,
589
00:54:18,320 --> 00:54:20,879
he could have just
mown down the hare.
590
00:54:20,880 --> 00:54:23,559
Who needs lions?
Who needs polar bears?
591
00:54:23,560 --> 00:54:25,959
This is just as impressive.
592
00:54:25,960 --> 00:54:29,959
After weeks of watching
and learning the eagles' routines,
593
00:54:29,960 --> 00:54:34,799
the white-tails finally begin
hunting in range of the cameras.
594
00:54:34,800 --> 00:54:36,439
Eagle!
595
00:54:36,440 --> 00:54:39,000
Eagle on the flats just going down.
596
00:54:40,120 --> 00:54:41,439
Whoa!
597
00:54:41,440 --> 00:54:45,919
Jesse's patience in the hide
gives him a front row seat
598
00:54:45,920 --> 00:54:47,719
at the start of the chase.
599
00:54:47,720 --> 00:54:52,160
And in the tower, John and Rachael
can pick up where he left off.
600
00:54:53,880 --> 00:54:57,959
Oh, he caught it by its tail
and then claws at the goose
601
00:54:57,960 --> 00:55:01,639
and is now carrying it
by its neck and its head.
602
00:55:01,640 --> 00:55:03,400
Whoa, that's incredible!
603
00:55:04,880 --> 00:55:07,039
That was something else.
604
00:55:07,040 --> 00:55:09,679
She just took off
and went straight into the flock.
605
00:55:09,680 --> 00:55:11,399
One went up, singled one out,
606
00:55:11,400 --> 00:55:13,959
plucked it out of mid air
and landed with it.
607
00:55:13,960 --> 00:55:16,559
That was a very special
thing to witness.
608
00:55:16,560 --> 00:55:19,759
The team's dogged persistence
has paid off
609
00:55:19,760 --> 00:55:24,119
and they film these wild eagles
hunting for the first time.
610
00:55:24,120 --> 00:55:27,440
I feel so happy that we
managed to get it. Like...
611
00:55:28,480 --> 00:55:32,200
..words can't explain
how excited I am.
612
00:55:33,680 --> 00:55:38,159
The return of these majestic hunters
has taken decades of effort
613
00:55:38,160 --> 00:55:42,999
and Roy is now broadening his
horizons to the south of England.
614
00:55:43,000 --> 00:55:46,199
This is a young female
white-tailed eagle
615
00:55:46,200 --> 00:55:49,079
and it's come
from the island of Skye.
616
00:55:49,080 --> 00:55:52,679
Two more will arrive
from the Hebrides tomorrow.
617
00:55:52,680 --> 00:55:55,640
And then they will
go by plane to the Isle of Wight.
618
00:55:56,880 --> 00:56:00,079
In the early part of my life,
nature was losing.
619
00:56:00,080 --> 00:56:02,920
And suddenly in this
last 20 years...
620
00:56:03,880 --> 00:56:08,160
..people have realised that we
can't live a future without nature.
621
00:56:09,560 --> 00:56:12,799
Top predators like eagles
play a key role
622
00:56:12,800 --> 00:56:16,680
in maintaining healthy,
robust, natural habitats.
623
00:56:18,200 --> 00:56:22,279
This crucial work will ensure
eagles might once again
624
00:56:22,280 --> 00:56:25,600
be seen across all of Britain
and Ireland.
625
00:56:33,240 --> 00:56:36,080
Next time - freshwater.
626
00:56:38,960 --> 00:56:40,600
From source...
627
00:56:42,560 --> 00:56:44,280
..to sea...
628
00:56:53,640 --> 00:56:55,760
..it connects everything.
629
00:56:58,640 --> 00:57:01,839
The Open University has
produced a free poster,
630
00:57:01,840 --> 00:57:06,679
exploring our wild isles and their
diverse habitats and species.
631
00:57:06,680 --> 00:57:08,840
Order your copy by calling...
632
00:57:12,320 --> 00:57:14,120
or go to...
633
00:57:17,840 --> 00:57:21,319
..and follow the links
to the Open University.
634
00:57:21,320 --> 00:57:25,279
If you'd like to play your part
in restoring our wild isles
635
00:57:25,280 --> 00:57:28,319
and learn more about
what you can do to help,
636
00:57:28,320 --> 00:57:31,840
just search Wild Isles
on the BBC website.
49033
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